Learners Russian

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The
Learner's
RUSSIAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
by
A. Lapidus and
S.
V. Shevtsova
with Foreword
and
article
on orthography by Morris Halle
THE
M.I.T.
PRESS
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts
Copyright
1963
by
The Massachusetts
Institute of
Technology
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Catalogue Card

Printed in
Number: 63-21744
America
The United
States of
CONTENTS
The Russian Alphabet

Foreword, by Morris Halle
Dictionaries
iv
v
this
Used
in
Compiling
Book
vii
viii
How
to
Use the Dictionary
List of Signs
xx
xxi
1
Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary
Vocabulary
Grammar Tables and Grammar Tables

List of Suffixes
Lists of Suffixes
549
551
A. Inflectional Endings
B.
601
Word-Forming Suffixes
613
Guide to Russian Pronunciation, by V. A. Vassilyev

Letters,
629
Essay on the Relationship between Russian Sounds and
by Morris Halle
681
The Russian Alphabet

Principal
Letters
Names
Sound Values
12
Aa B6 Bb
rr
JXa
[a]
[a, A,
9,
p^]
i^
i']
[be
[ve]
[b.
[V,
[g. [d,
[e,
b^ v^
g^ d^
ve,
z^,
i]
p,
f,
p]
k^]
t'']
[ge
[de]
k,
t,
Ee
)K>K
[ye [zhel
ze]
li]
9,
ya,
[zh,zh^:,sh,
[z,
[i,
i^.yi,
i,
yi,
33
s,
s^]
Hh ^H Kk
Jlji
([i-kratkaya]) [ka]
[el]
[y]
[k,
k^
1^1
g,
g^]
Mm
Hh
Oo On
Pp Cc Tt
[eml
[en]
[0]-
[I [m,
[n,
[o,
m'']
n^]
A, a]
[pe]
[er]
[p.
[r,
[s,
t.
P^
r^]
b.
z,
b^l
z^]
[es]
[te
s\ t^
f^
d. V.
d^]
yy
04)
lu]
[ef]
u]
f,
Xx
[kha]
[tje]
[kh,
[\s,
kh^
Uu
qq
lllm
gh, d7.
zh,
--
v^l
1
-]
j^]
1
[ch-e]
[sha] [sh^:a]
[ch^ch^ j^
[sh,
rUm
-b
[sh^:,sh^:, zh^:,zh^:l
([t^vôrdty znak])
[^1
(disjunctive)
[i]
bibi
([mâkhkMy
znak])
[e]
l^]
[e]
33
KDk)
[yu]
lyai
[u,
[a,
yu]
ya,
a,
Hh
ya,
i^
yi,
i.
yil
FOREWORD
There has long been a need for a dictionary designed especially

for
the
English-speaking student
who
seeks
to
gain
active
mastery of Russian. Such a student needs much more than the one or two synonyms, sporadically supplemented by idiomatic expressions, that are found in most foreign language dictionaries. He needs detailed indications about how each Russian word is inflected and about its accentuation in the various inflected forms. He also needs to be told as much as possible about the usage of the different words, for words in one language are only too often used quite differently than their nearest synonynis in a second language. Information of this type has hitherto been available only in multivolume dictionaries, which are expensive, hard to handle, and, moreover, not being compiled with an Englishspeaking user in mind, frequently fail to discuss difficulties that would be encountered by such a user. This dictionary was planned especially to meet the needs outlined, and the compilers have successfully achieved their objective. Their selection of entries for inclusion in the dictionary is consistently sound. They have managed to cover quite fully the everyday vocabulary of the educated speaker of current standard Russian. Their choice of examples to illustrate the They have paid special use of different words is excellent. attention to phrase units, idioms, and compound words whose meaning, though self-evident to the native speaker of Russian,
presents difficulties to the English-speaking student. Finally, they have provided extensive information about the inflection of the words and about their accentual peculiarities. The value of the dictionary is further enhanced by the supplement, which contains elaborate grammatical tables, lists of inflectional and derivational suffixes, a detailed "Guide to Russian Pronunciation," and an essay on the relationship between Russian sounds
VI
letters. In short, the English-speaking student of Russian has here a most useful and badly needed tool. May I express the hope that it will lessen the drudgery and increase the pleasure of those who have set out on the by no means smooth road of mastering the tongue of Pushkin, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski.
and
Morris Halle
Cambridge 1963
Dictionaries
Used
in
Compiling This Book

b qexbipex TOMax. AKaAeMHJi HSbiKa. MocKBa. 1957 1961.
Cjioeapb
C. H.
pyccKoro
HSbiio
HayKCCCP, HHCTHTyT pyccKoro
OxceroB.
CJiosapb
pyccKoro
nabiKa, hsa.
4-e.
MocKBa. 1960. PyccKoe jiHTepaTypHoe npoHSHomeHne h yAapenne. GjioBapb-cnpaBoqHHK no;; peziaKHHefi P. H. ABaHecosa h C. H, OjKeroBa. MocKBa. 1959.
PyccKO-aHrjiHHCKHH cjioBapb no;; oSiuhm pyicoBOACTBOM A. H. CMHpHHUKoro, U3ji. 3-e. MocKBa. 1958. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, Fourth Ed, Revised by E. Mcintosh, Oxford, 1954. Webster's New V/orld Dictionary of the American Language. Cleveland and New York, 1957. The Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English by A. S. Hornby, E. V. G a t e n b y, H. Wakefield, London, 1958.?
npoc|).
Thorndike-Barnhart
tionary, London,
1952.
Comprehensive
Desk Dic-
Chambers's Compact English Dictionary, Edited by A. M. Macdonald, London and Edinburgh, 1954. A. R eu m. A Dictionary of English Style. Zweite Auflage. Leverkusen, 1955. Kenkyusha's New Simplified English Dictionary (English Through English), Tokyo. P. M. Roget. Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases,
London, 1954.
The Nuttall Dictionary of English Synonyms and Antonyms, Edited by G. E. Christ, London and New
York, 1960.
HOW
TO USE THE DICTIONARY GENERAL REMARKS
All the Russian words in this dictionary are entered in strictly alphabetical order. Each head-word is given in full with the stress mark ' placed over the stressed vowel. (For details on tranIt is followed by the transcription. p. 629). scription see A Guide to Russian Pronunciation, The grammatical notes are given after the transcription. The ptft-of -speech designations are adv, int, cj, etc. Nouns are designated by m, f, n, or pi (pi is reserved for cases when the noun has no singular), and verbs, by imperf or perf. Following the part-of-speech designations are the requisite grammatical word forms. (For details of grammatical word forms see chapters on the noun, adjec-
numeral, pronoun, and verb, pp. XIII XIX). All polysyllabic head-words and derivatives standing separately or occurring in phrases and sentences bear the stress mark over the stressed vowel. An exception is made for the sound represented by the letter *'e", which is only used in stressed syllables and therefore bears no stress. Monosyllabic words are accented only in contextual use when the stress is shifted from the sense word to the formword. Mopje [morâ] n -h, pi -, -eft sea; Ha Mope at
tive,
Stress.
'
sea;...
(words that have the same pronunciation and spelling, but different meanings) are listed as separate entries. Each entry is followed by a standard Roman numeral to remind the consultant to look up the other entry (or entries) with the same spelling, should he fail to find the information he is seeking under the first one.
noji noji
I
Homonyms
[pol]
II
[pol]
m -a (-y), m -a, pi
(words
pi -u, -6b floor {of a room). -u, -6b biol sex;...
Homoforms
that
have
the
same pronuncia-
--
IX
~
forms) are
treated
in
tion in one or more grammatical the same way as homonyms.
AHCM HHCM
II
[d^nôm] adv by day,... [d^nôm] see AeHb.

follow
to the
Labels. Usage and subject labels will grammatical notes of the word if they refer
as a whole.
the
word
6a61a [baba]
/ -bi,
col
1.
woman;
2....
Should any of these restrictive labels refer to but one of the meanings, they will be placed after the bold-type Arabic numeral introducing the particular meaning. rHnc [gîps, -bz] m -a 1. min gypsum; 2. plaster
(of
If
Paris); 3.
med
plaster cast.
be rendered in several ways in English and the English equivalents are separated by semthe bold-type icolons, the label following Arabic numeral will refer to the whole set of equivalents.
this
meaning can
2.
KOMaHflHp [k9mAn^dîr] m -a, -ob 1. commander; mil commander, commanding officer; captain; leader.
is
The headboldface type. The vertical line in it separates the unchanging part of the head-word in the entry; what is left in most cases does not coincide with the suffix or the ending in the strict sense of the word.
word
given
in
|
Notes on Type and Arrangement.
Mcxejilb [mî^têP] / -h -eft snow-storm. [Read: Mexejib... MeiejiH, MCTeJiefl...]
The absence of the vertical line will indicate that in the entry the head -word does not change. is used for the unchangTo save space a swung dash ing part of the head -word or for the whole head -word if the latter has no vertical line.
MarasiiH [magAzîn] -a, -cb 1. shop, store; ynnBepcajibHbiH department shop / store; .. sanafl [zapat, -d] -a west; na ~e in the west;...
In entries having more than one type a swung dash refers only to the
-H,
word
first of
boldface in these.
roBOp|HTb [g9vArît^] imperf -i6, -Huib, p -hji, imp no|roBopHTb [pagavAr'ît^] perf, CKasjarb [skAzat^]
cKajKeujb,
pert ckaHcy,
-aji,
imp
CKajKji
1.
\no perf)
X
speak, talk {say words);
~i'iT
MocKBa
this
is
^htb no-pyccKH speak Russian; Moscow calling;...
[Read: roBopHTb no-pyccKH...; roBopHT MocKsa...]

Hafl
[nat...l,
above; -~ ropoAOM
Haflo [nada...] prep with instr... over; over the town;... Haô mhoh above
me;
. .
of each head-word .are indicated by boldtype Arabic numerals with a full stop. Each part-of-speech designation within one entry is introduced in a new paragraph by a bold-type Roman numeral.
The meanings
HHane
in
II
[inachî]
& HHawe
adv\.
[inachî]
adv differently,
another way;
cj or (else),
otherwise;...
I
KcxaxH
2.
[kstat^'i]
to the point, opportunely;...

it;
at the
same time, while one is about parenth by the way, by the by.
If a phrase or combination has more than one meaning, these meanings are introduced by standard Arabic numerals with a bracket.
pocT
[rost,
-zd]
1)
<^ BO Becb (portrait); 3)
m
in
-a
(-y)
its
1.
upright
all
[of
growth... standing);
2)
{of
full-length
fig
magnitude
a problem
facing smb,
etc).
proverbs, etc, are given in boldm.ain entry which is closed by a "rhombus" <>. Examples illustrating idiomatic phrases are given, wherever practicable, in standard type.
Idiomatic phrases, face type after the
jiaep
-0*
[lavr]
nojKHHaTb
jiHUib
m -a, -oBbot laurel, bay(-tree); M reap' laurels; noHHTb Ha '-ax

-zh]
-I
rest
on one's laurels.
[l^'ish,
if
part...;
only; could leave today.

0>
6bi
6u yexaib
ceroAHH
if
only
space, square brackets ( ] are used, which make possible to introduce into a given expression a new nonsynonymous element without repeating the whole expression:
To save
it
6hc [bîs, -z]... HcnojiHHTb [nexb, Hrpaib u m. n.] Ha perform [sing, play, etc] an encore. [Read: HcnojiHHTb na 6hc perform an encore; neib Ha 6hc sing an encore; Hrpaxb aa 6hc play an encorej
XI
when square brackets appear only in In instances it equivalent, means that the Russian the English phrase has several meanings which can be rendered in English by substituting one of the words in the particular phrase.
ecjiH [yes^'l^'i] cj if... ~ noexaxb k HeMy cePmac, to MOH^Ho sacraTb ero if you [we, I] go to his place now you [we, I] will find him at home.
ical origin of a
Square brackets are also used to point out the grammatword.

I
3aKJiK)HeHH biH [zaklûchônuiyl [pa] -oro, -bix prisoner, convict. The noun "saKJiioqeHHbift" is a substantivized participle. Parentheses indicate optional elements of a word or word-combination given in Roman type.
x(aBopoH|oK [zhavaranak,
jiexa [l^'iîa] pi Jiex, -m 1.:
-g]
...
-Ka,
-kob (sky)lark.
jiex
eiviy
UHTb
he
is
five
(years old);...
Italics in parentheses following an English word serve to specify or restrict its meaning. (For methods of restricting meaning see p. XII). The italicized explanation refers to the word or words immediately after the nearest preceding semicolon. All form and stress variations are given in parentheses.
jiec
[lês,
-z]
-a
(-y),
pi -a, -6b
1.
woodland,
wood(s), forest;... jiHnH|yTb [lîpnutÎ imperf -ex, p j\wn (-yji) stick... HCKpeHH|HH [iskr^m^n^'iy] a shf HCKpeneH, -a -e(-o),
-H (-bi) sincere,
frank;...
Words used preferably
or exclusively in set phrases or
combinations are punctuated by a colon which is followed by the set phrase now in current usage. The English equivalent
is
given after the set phrase.
rpe4HeB|biH [grêch^nîvtyl a: an Kpyna buckwheat; '-aH Kama buckwheat porridge. rpoM [grom] m -a, pi -bi, -6b 1. thunder; 2.: anjio;;HCMeHXOB a storm of applause;...
Restrictions of Meaning.
1) is
Methods:
word
"falsehood"
Obvious synonyms. For instance, the Russian word"Jio>Kb'*

as
"lie,
translated
falsehood".
The
XII
shows that
sition"
or
the word "lie" means here not "direction, po"the state of affairs", but "a false statement". 2) Subject labels, e. g. econ, mil, etc. Thus "ji6>Ka" is rendered as "box", the label theat showing that "box" means "a small boxlike space with chairs at a theatre", and not "a container made of wood, etc, to put things in". 3) Designation of the grammatical construction in which the word (or one of its meanings) is used:
MHoro [mnoga]
adv... 2. with
comp much;...
4) Explanations given parenthetically in italic type immed'ately after the English word. These parentheses may contain a preposition specifying the meaning of the English equivalent, word combinations, short descriptions, etc.
position)-,
[lî^zhat^] imperf... 1. lie (m a horizontal be {in some place, said of things)',... jtajieKiMH [dAlMkîy] a... 2. \ong{way, journey, etc);... Kapn [karp -b] m -a, -ob carp {an edible freshwater
jiOKJaxb
fish).
jiaAOHJb [Udon^] / -h, eft palm {of the hand). njiox|6H [pUkhoy] I a... bad {1) opposite of good; 2) smell, etc;... saBHBlaTbcji [zavîvattsa] imperf... 1. curl / frizzle one's hair; have on2's hair curled / frizzled; 2. curl,
wave
{of hair).
The explanation indicates that "curl" means "to be in curls", and not "play at curling", on the one hand, or "to make into curls", on the other; the transitive verb would have been marked "curl, wave {hair)".
3arjiflAbiB|aTb
1.
[zAglâdtvat^]
{into);...
imperf
-aio,
-aeuib,...
peep
in,
peep
The
not
"into" shows that "peep" does into view". If the preposition following a verb is given in Roman type and without parentheses this serves to indicate that the corresponding Russian verb requires a direct object.
italicized
preposition
mean here "come
love; fall in
nojiio6|MTb [paPub^'it^] perf... love with.
grow fond
of,
come
to
The dictionary pays special attention to Soviet and Russian realia and to difficult cases, such as prepositions, conjunctions, prefixes, etc, which can be rendered only through description, etc. As a rule, the latter are treated
xin
in a specific way since most of them cannot be understood readily by merely giving their translation. Therefore, the meanings of Russian relation words and affixes are explained through definitions and examples.
.limit of time, etc:
prep with gen denoting 1. distance, extent, ot MocKBbi j\o JIeHHHrpa;ia mecTbcoT HHTbAecHT KHJiOMCTpOB it is 650 km from Moscow to Leningrad;... 2. precedence in time: ao peBOJiibuHH before the revolution; aa noAâca j\o KOHuepxa half an hour
AC
[do;...]
before the concert.
THE NOUN
in the nominative singular. The designations m, /, n indicate the gender. Two gender des ignations show that the word may refer to persons of ei-
The nouns are given
ther
sex.
rjiaB|a
chief);...
[glAva]
m &
-bi,
pi rjiaebi,
head {the
form's of the genitive singular and genitive For the rest of the forms see regular nouns. Grammar Tables. The endings are preceded by a hyphen which stands for the unchanging part of the head-word*.
Next come the
plural for
jieKUHJn [Pektjiya] /
-h,
-h
lecture.
[Read: jickuhsi... gen sing jickuhh,
gen pi
JieKUHft]
If there is no vertical line in the head-word, the hyphen preceding the ending stands for the whole word.
'[Read: aexoSyc...
aBT66yc [Aftobus, -z] m -a, -oe bus;... asTodyca, asToSycoB]

forms
are
Other case
irregularity.
indicated
only
when
there
is
an
BOA|a [vAda]
ter;...
-hi,
accBojxy, pi bojxu,
',
BOAaM wa-
[Read:
BOAbi,
eaji
If
*
eoAa... gen sing BOAbi, ace sing BOAy, nom pi gen pi BOA, dat pi BOAaM]
I
[val]
-a,
is
pi
-bi,
-6b earthen bank.
the head-word
is
a monosyllable and the inflection
The same
true of adjectives, verbs, pronouns, and numerals.
~
has
falls
XIV
the oblique case form
no stress mark, the stress in on the first syllable.
aKT [akt, agd] m -a, -ob I. act... [Read: aKT... aKTa, aKTOB...]
A stress mark on the ending in disyllables and polysyllables indicates that the stress has shifted from the stem to the ending.
flHKaplb [dîkar^l
-a,
-efl
1.
savage;...
[Read: AHKapb... AHKapn, flHKapeft...]

In a noun not used in gular is given.
6ara)K [bAgash, -zh]
the plural, only the genitive sin-
-a
luggage;...
Nouns occurring
in the plural
form only are given with
the genitive plural and are designated pi.
Bec|w [vî^si] pi -OB scales, balance.

the plural are treated in the same The singular form of such nouns with the grammatical notes is given in parentheses.
Nouns mostly used in manner as plural nouns.

6othh|kh
boots...
[bAtînkî] pi
-ok
{sing 6othh|ok
-Ka)
If a noun has different plural forms for different meanings the corresponding plural forms are placed after the Arabic numerals introducing the respective meanings.
jiHCT [lîst, -zd] -a, pi -u (-bh), -6b (-bCB) 1. (pi -bh) leaf (of a plant, tree, etc); 2. (pi -bi) leaf (in a book); sheet (of paper, metal, etc); 3. [pi -hi): onpocHbifl -^ questionnaire;...
If
clusively in the plural, the indicated in the dictionary.

1.
one of the meanings of a noun is used mostly or exnominative plural form is

-H,
3.
B03M6}KHocT|b [vAzm6zhn9s^t^, -z^'d^] / possibility; 2. opportunity, chance;... tialities; means...
pi -H,
-efi
pi poten-
Indeclinable nouns have the designation indecl after the gender.

najibTO [pAl^to] n indecl (over)coat.
Adjectives, numerals, and
pronouns which may be used
- XV as nouns are designated as a noun. The appropriate gender labels and case forms are also given.
II
BoeHHJbiH [vAyennty] I a military,... as a noun BoeHH|biH m -oro, -wx serviceman,
soldier.
BTOpoH
II as
[ftAroy]
num
ord
&
1.
second;
2.
the
latter {of two);

(of
II
fl noun a meal).
BTop |6e
-oro,
-ux
second
course
Hauj [nash, -zh] I pron pers... our; ours; as a noun h a m h pi -x our people {relatives).
THE ADJECTIVE
Adjectives are given in the nominat ve singular mascuThe designation used for adjectives is a. For adjectives with a stem ending in "r, k, x, u, q, ui, m, Hi" the feminine, neuter, and plural endings are indicated since they "are formed differently from adjectives ending in -hh (see Grammar Tables).
line.
[lîpkîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f jimhok, -a, adhesive;... [Read: jihokmh... / jinnKan, n jiHHKoe, pi jinnKHe, sh i JiHnoK, / JiHHKa, n jihoko, pi JiHnKHJ
jiKnK'iHH
-o,
-H sticky,
adjective forms designated sh f are given immediately after the complete forms or after the designation a in the following order: masculine, feminine, neuter, plural. The absence of masculine or neuter forms in the short adjective forms is indicated as follows: no m, no n.
Short
6o;ibH|6H [bAl^noy]
ashf66jieii,
-a,
{no n), -u sick...
gives only the irregular ôrms of the comparative and superlative decrees, such as forms not ending in -ee or -efiiuHii or not having the word "caMbift" and those derived from different roots; these irregular and suppletive forms are given as separate entries in their alphabetical order with reference to the positive form of the corresponding adjective (the same is true of adverbs).
The dictionary
rjiy6e adv.
[glubzht^]
[lutshiy]
J
comp
-an,
of
-ee.
rjiySoKHH
-He
&
corresp
of
jiymuJHH
XopouiHij;..,
comp & super l
XVI
THE NUMERAL
The numerals are designated
ord,
as follows:
num
card,
nam
num
collect.
Cardinal numerals are given in the nominative case with

the genitive (which coincides with the dative and prepositional) and the instrumental case form; other forms are indicated if they prove irregular.
ceMlb [sêm^]
in the
num
card
-h,
-bib seven;...
Since ordinal numerals coincide with adjectives having masculine the same endings, the feminine, neuter, or plural forms are not indicated. All case forms are given for collective numerals.
flB6|e [dvoya]
(o)
num
collect
-hx,
-hm, -hx
(-e),
-hmh,
-HX two.
THE PRONOUN
The pronoun is designated pron. The indication of the class (pers, poss, dem, reft, etc), the case forms, and gender endings are likewise given. The description of the possessive pronoun includes the feminine, neuter, and plural forms.
eauj [vash, -zh] I pron poss corresp to bh -ero, -eMy, -' (-ero), -eMy, (o) -eM, eama /, eauie n, eaiUH pi your; yours;...
The feminine and neuter form as well as the plural with the endings of the oblique cases are given as separate entries in their alphabetical order with reference to the masculine form.
Bam
see
a [vasha] pron f
-eft,
-eft,
-y,
-eft
(-eio),
(o)
-eft
Bam.
Personal pronoun forms in the oblique cases are to be found in the general alphabetical list of entries with reference to the appropriate personal pronoun in the nominative.
BaM [vam] dat
of bu.
THE VERB
The verbs are given in the infinitive. The designation imperf or perf indicates the aspect. The forms of the 1st and 2nd person singular present tense (for imperfective
verbs) or aspect. future
XVII
follow the
tense
(for
perfective verbs)
rjiOT|aTb [gUtat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib 1. swallow; gulp down, bolt;... pHHlyxbCJi [rînuttsa] perf -ycb, -eiubCH... rush (headlong), dash.
1st and 2nd If the verb is not used in the gular, only the 3rd person form is indicated.
person sin-
jiajiJTb
[layat^] imperf jiaeT... bark, bay.
In regular verbs without any stress shift only the 1st and 2nd person forms are given. (The rest of the forms will be found in Tables 6 & 7, pp. XXX XXXII). These are followed by the past tense forms (preceded by the designation p) and imperative mood forms (preceded by the designation imp) in all cases when the latter are
at variance with the general rules.
BecejilHTbCfl
-HJicH,
[vîsî^lîttja]
imperf
-ibcb,
-HuibCH,
-HJiacb,
imp
-HCb,
-Hxecb have fun...
the perfective and the imperentered in the dictionary. They are^ listed as separate entries in their alphabetical order. The English equivalents for both aspect forms are given in the infinitive entry of the imperfective aspect. The latter also contains the corresponding perfective aspect form (or forms) with its (or their) pronunciation, grammatical description, etc.
fective
Both the aspect forms
are
noxHmlaTb [pakh'îsh^'.at^] imperf -aio, -aemb, noxHT|HTb [pAkhîtît^] perf noxiimy, -Hiub, p -hji, imp h steal {documents, etc)',...
An
infinitive representing both aspects
is
designated perf
&
imperf.
-yeiiib,
aHHyjiHp|oBaTb [Anulîravat^] perf p -oBaji, imp -yfi annul...

finite
&
imperf'
-yro,
Impersonal uses of are marked impers.
forms and
imperf...
impersonal verbs
impers: KajKexcH,
qio...
if
Kaslaxbcsi [kAzattâ]
MTO... it seems that...; to him that...;...
2.
eMy KajKexcH,
seems
Verbs of the perfective aspect formed only with the help of a prefix added to the imperfective infinitive (such verbs
XVIII
tiave. a dotted
the prefix and the rest of the same forms as for the present tense of the imperfective. Therefore, their forms are not indicated separately, unless there is a stress shift.
line
between
word) usually have
in the future tense the
-OBaji,
1.
epTB|oBaTb [zhertyvat**] imperf -yio, -yemb, p imp -yfi, noiêpxeoBaTb [pAzhertyvat**) perf
sacrifice, offer (up)...
{Read: nowepTBOBaxb... noêpreyK), nojKepTBoeaJi, imp noJKepTeyH]
noHiepTByeuib, p
But:
MWTb [mit^] imperf mokd, Moeuib. p mhji, Mb'ijia, imp MOH, BbIMbl|Tb [Vimit**] perf BblMOK), BblMOeUIb, p -Jl
-jia,
imp
BbiMOH,...
meanings of a verb is used in one of the one aspects, perfective or imperfective, the English equivalent is preceded by the no perf or no imperf designation.
If
of the
MeH|flTb [mî^n^'at''] imperf -hhd, -aeuib, nolMeHHTb [pamî^n^'at^] perf 1. change {1) clothes; 2) money);... 3. (no perf) change, alter {one's opinion, etc).
an imperfective verb has different perfective forms meanings, the corresponding perfective forms are given in parentheses after the Arabic numeral introducing the respective meaning.
If
for different
jien|HTb [lî^p^'it^J imperf -jiib, jienHiiib, p -hji, imp -h, BbijienlHTb [vil^'i^pMt''] perf -jik), -Huib, p -hji, imp cijienHTb [s^lî^p^'it*'] perf 1. (Bb'ijienHTb) model, -H, sculpture (in clay, wax, etc); 2. (cjiennrb) make, build (birds' nests, honeycombs).
When the meanings of both aspects do not fully coincide the entry contains appropriate reference to the coinciding
meanings.
noxeMHexb
sej
xeMHexb
also
1,
2.
The designations perf
and imperf also indicate that
the English equivalent following this designation may be referred only to the perfective or imperfective aspect of the verb.
6ec|HxbCfl
-HJicfl,
[b**i^s*'itt^s9]
imperf
-HTCCb
6eiuycb,
decnuihcsi,
-HJiacb,
imp
2
HCb,
s'îttsa]
get
fly
//j rage, into a rage, get wild.

1....
perf
rsifccHTbcn [vzh'îbe in rage, per also
XIX
The most difficult irregular verb forms are given in their alphabetical order with reference to their basic verb
form.
EHiuy [vîshu]
see
BHcexb.
for
Exception
jibK)
is
made only
Jibeuib
such cases as:

-zh]
[l^'yu],
[I'^yosh,
see jiHib.
Russian verb form.s indicating an indefinitely directed motion, i.e. a motion in various directions, and those that indicate the same motion in a definite direction are treated in the dictionary separately and have cross reference.
[bî^zhat^j imperf 6ery, -Hiiib, 6eryT, p -aji, concrete movement in a definite direction 1 run {on the feet);... 3. col run / boil \cf 6eraTb 1] 1.
6em\siTh
imp 6erH a
over;...
6er|aTb [bêgat^] imperf aio, -aemb [cf 6e>KaTb 1] 1. -aTb naneperoHKH race with one run {on the feet); another: run a race {with smb);. 2.: y Hero rjiasa ~aiOT he has shifty eyes.
The figure 1 in the square brackets indicates which of the meanings the above opposition refers to. The figure 1 after, the definition a concrete moiement in a definite direction shows that this is true only of the first meaning of
the verb 6e}KaTb,
THE ADVERB
adv. ings of the adverb are introduced predic or predic impers.
I
The adverbs are designated
The predicative meanseparately and marked
II
it
npaEHJibHO [prav'îl'^na] adv correctly; rightly; impers predic that's right, right you are, exactly
is
correct.
LIST OF SIGNS
(vertical line) separates the
I
unchanging
part
of
the
head-word.
-^
<>
(swung dash) stands for the unchanging part of the head-word in the entry or for the whole head-word if the latter has no vertical line. rhombus) introduces expressions phraseology, etc, connected with the idiomatic uses of the head-word,
(slant) offers a choice of
synonyms.
in
(dotted line) separates the prefix the perfective aspect.
certain
verbs
of
B=
(sign of equality) between two Russian words indicates that they are synonyms,
s
( )
approximate equality) shows that the English but an approximate equivalent of the given Russian word or phrase.
(sign of
variant
is
(parentheses) may contain additional information, etc, or indicate optional elements (when printed in Roman type; also see p. XI).
[ 1
(square brackets) may a) enclose the transcription of XI) and head-words, b) indicate alternatives (see pp. c) be used to point out the grammatical origin of a
word.
ABBREVIATIONS
Used
a adjective abbrev abbreviation
ace accusative case
in the Dictionary
gen genitive case geog geography geol geology

hist historical
adv adverb
I
agric agriculture
anat anatomy
arcliit architecture
imp imperative imperf verb imperfective impers impersonal

in dec I indeclinable
astron astronomy attr attributive
augm augmentative
av aviation biol biology hot botany card cardinal
cf
compare
conjunction
indef indefinite inf infinitive instr instrumental case int interjection intens intensifying inter interrogative ling linguistics
chem chemistry
cj
masculine
col colloquial collect collective
math mathematics med medicine

mil military
comp comparative degree

corresp corresponding dat dative case def defining
detn demonstrative
min mineralogy mus music

n neuter naut nautical neg negative nom nominative case num numeral ord ordinal p past tense
dim diminutive
dlpl diplomacy econ economics
elect r
electrical etc et cetera

/
engineering
pa participle
parenth used parenthetically part particle perf verb perfective pers personal philos philosophy
feminine
.fig figurative
fin finance flex flexion lut future tense
phys physics
pi plural pol political poss possessive pr prepositional case predic used predicatively pref prefix prep preposition pres present tense
relig religion restr restrictive rly railway sh f short form
sing singular
stub
somebody
smlh something
superl superlative degree syl syllable, syllabic technol technology theat theatrical
pron pronoun prov proverb

recip reciprocal
refl reflexive rel relative
VS American
V verb zool zoology
usage
denoting 1. conbeing confronted but; and; while, whereHe ceroAHH, a saBTpa as; but tomorrow; not today,
a
[a]
cj
aSoHCMeHT
-d]
[Aban^'i^mênt,
trast or the fact of
-a,
aSopT
-OB season ticket. [Abort, -d] -a, -ob
eMy ABaAuaib Jiex, a MHe TpHAuaxb he is twenty and thirty; 3to ee KapanI am a He tboh this is her flaui,
pencil,
noiiieji
AOMa
(and) not yours; oh B KHHO, a h ociaJicH he went to the pictures,
while I stayed at home; ona m saHHxa, a noMoraei naivi she m is busy, yet she helps us; 2. addition and; sto moh chh, a 3T0 MOH Jlo^h here is my 2. fig vanguard. son, and here is my daughter; [AVAngardaBaHrapflHJbiH <> a MMeHHO namely; a to... niy] a vanguard (attr); âa a He to; see below; poJib pol leading role. 1) aeanc [Avans, -z] m -a, -ob 2) for (because); saKpofi okho, a 10 AyeT shut the window, advance (a loan); advance paythere is a draft here; a He ment. TO... or (else)...; Ha;;eHbna;ibaeaHcoM [Avansam] adv in t6, a He TO npocxyAHUibCH advance; nojiyqHTb -- receive put on your coat, or you'll on account. catch a cold. aeaHTibpla [AVAn^t^'urs] / aSawyp [AbAzhur] m -a, -ob -bi, ~ adventure, venture;
abortion, miscarriage. aSpHKoc [Abrîkos, -z] -a, -OB apricot; apricot-tree. a6cojiibTHibiH [AbsAlûtniy] a sh f aScoJiEOTCH, -a, -o, -h absolute. a6cTpaKTH|biH [Abstraktniy] a sh f aCcTpaKTCH, -a, -o, -bi abstract. -a aScypfl [Absurt, -d] absurdity; nonsense. aeanrap;! [AVAngart, -d] -a, -OB 1. /ni/ advance-guard,
(lamp-)shade.
pHCKOBannaH
-dz]
--a
risky
en-
a63a^ [Abzats,
-eB
1.
-a,
terprise.
(in
indentation, indention writing or printing); 2. paragraph (a distinct part of a text).
aBapH|fl [Avarîya] / -h, -h accidental {an stoppage); accident; damage (harm); crash {of an airplane);
break-down
norepnerb --kd meet with an

accident; be damaged; crasti {of an airplane). -a aerycT [avgust, -zd]
August.
aBHa...
first
ography; 2. automobile: aBxosaBOA [aftazAvot, -d] motor works; aBiocipaAa [aftastrada] motor highway; main road; automatic: aBTO3.
element
of
pyqKa [aftaruch^ka] fountain-pen.
compounds pertaining to aviation or aircraft: aBHaxpacca

[av^'iatrassa]
66M6a
air-route; aeHa[avîabomba] aircraft

/ -bi,
bomb.
aBHaSasla [avîabaza]
aBToSyc [Aftobus, -z] m-a, -OB bus; exaxb na e go by bus; ride in a bus. aBTorpacj) [Aftograf, -v] -a, -OB autograph.
air-base.
-a,
aBTOMax
[avîa-ob air-a,
[AftAmat,
-d]
asHaKOHCTpyKTOp
kAnstruktar] m craft designer.
-OB 1. automatic machine/ device; slot-machine; public

3.
aBHajiHHHiii [avîalînîya] / -H, -H airline, airway. [AvîAnosîtj, aBHaHocjeu -d^] -ua, -ueB aircraft car-
telephone; 2. fig automaton; mil submachine-gun. aBTOMo6Hjiib [AftamAb^'il^] motor-car; .nerKO-H, -eft b (passenger) car; rpyBOH
rier.
aBHanoHTJa [avîapoch^ta] -u air mail.
3ob6h exaib
car;
b'
Ha
lorry;
US
truck;
motor; go by
[AftAnom^'iya]
ride in a car.
aBHauHifl [AVîatjiya] / -h aviation; aircraft, planes. aBocb [avos^, -z^] part col perhaps; <> Ha -~- on the off-chance.
-dz]
aBTOHOMHifl
/ -H
aecTpajiHlei; [AfstrAlîyatj, -Hua, -HueB Austra-
autonomy. aBTOHOMHJufl [AftAnomniy] a sh f aBTOHOMCH -a, -o autonomous. aBTop [aftar] m -a, -ob
author.
lian.
aBTOpHTCT [Aftarîtêt,
-d]
aecTpajiMHCKlHH [AfstrAlMy-He Aussk^'iy] a -an, -oe,

tralian.
-a,
-OB
tige; 2.
authority, presauthority [an expert).

1.
aBTopcK|HH
-dz]
[aftarskîy]
aBCxpHJeu [Afstrîyats,
-an, -oe,-He author's, authors';
-Hua,
aBCTpMHCKlHH
skîyj a -an,
trian.
-HueB Austrian. [AfstrMy-oe,
oe
npaBO copyright. arcHT [Agênt, -d]
-a,
-He
Aus-
-OB agent.
-a,
aBTO.
pounds aBTonoprpex [aftapArtrêt,
element of comdenoting self: 1.

first
areHTCTBlo [Agênstva] ^ agency. arHxarop [Ag'itatar] m
n
-a,
-d]
self-portrait; aBTo6Horpa(|)HH [aftab^'iAgrafîya] autobi-
-OB propagandist; canvasser, arHxauHifl [Ag^'itatjiya] /

-H agitation {mass propagan*
aKa
da)\
campaign {for, against' -y (remarks) about / concernsmth). ing smb; He no ~y to the arHTHp|oBaTb[Agîtîr8V9t^] wrong quarter; o6paTHTbCfl imperf -yio, -yeiiib, p -oBaji, He no y come to the wrong imp -yft, ciarHTMpoBaxb [sa- shop (with a request). gîtîravat^] per/ 1. {no perf) aApecHbiH [adrîsnty] a: campaign {for, against), agi- cTOJi address bureau {a speinquiry office through tate {for, against); carry on cial propaganda; carry on agita- which one can find out the tion [cf arHTauHH]; 2. per- address of an inhabitant of the town). suade {smb to do smth). arHinyHKT [Agîtpunkt,-gd] aA'biOTaHT [Ad^yutant, -d] -a, -OB aide-de-camp. -a, -OB propaganda centre; asapT [Azart, -d] canvassing centre. -a vehearpapHbiH [Agrarniyjaagra- mence, heat; ardour; excite-
rian.
ment; BOHTH B - grow heated

(of
1.
arpeccH|fl [Agr^'esîya] / -h,

-H aggression.
oeople).
a36yK|a
[azbuka]
arpoHoM [AgrAnom]
-OB agronomist. aA [at, adj
/ -h,
-a,
ABC
{also fig);
alphabet;
2.
-a hell.
<>
ABC-book; ~a Mopse Morse code.

a3ep6aHAaHJeu, [AzîrbAy-
aABOKar
-a, -OB
[AdvAkat, -d] m lawyer; advocate {also

[Ad-
fig); barrister.
aAMHHHCTpaTHBHlblH
mînîstrAtîvniy] a adminB -OM nopHAKe istrative; by administrative order. aAMHHHCTpaTOp [Admînî-a, -ob administrastratarj
-dz] m -na, -ueB Azerbaijanian. a3ep6aHAH(aHCK!iiH [Az^'irbAydzhansk^'iy] a -an, -oe, -He Azerbaijan. asHaxcKlHH [Azîatskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Asian. asoT [Azdt, -d] m -a nitro-
dzhanîtj,
tor;
manager.
gen.
aAMHHHCTpau,H|$i [Adm'înîstratgiya] / -h, -h administration, management. ajiMHpaji [Admîral]
aMCT
stork.
aft
[aist,
-zd]
-a,
-ob
1.
[ay] int
expressing
-a,
sudden pain, fright,
fear, etc
-OB admiral.
oh!; ouch!; 2. displeasure, re-
aApec [adrîs, -z] m -a, pi -a, proach, regret, etc oh!; ugh!; -OB address {on a letter, etc); oh, bother!; nocjiaTb HHCbMo no y / Ha <> afi Aa napeHb! there's a ^ send a letter to {smb's) good fellow! address; AOCTasHTb (nncbMo) aKaACMHK [AkAd^'emîk, -g] no y deliver (a letter) to m -a, -OB academician; memthe right address; ber of an Academy. <^ (saMeHaHHfl) no HbCMy-ji. aKaACMHlii [AkAdêm^'iyaJ /
ana
_4_
urgent, burning {problem, etc);
-H, -H academy (1) of sciences, etc; 2) a higher educational institution).
timely
{article,
etc).
aKauH|$i
-H acacia.
[Akatsiya]
-h,
[Akula] shark; dogfish.

dKyjija
-bi,
[AkvArêl^] aKBapejijb -H, -eft water-colour.
aKBapHyM
-a,
[Akvarîum]
aKyiuepJKa [Akusherka] / -OK midwife. aKi;eHT [Aktjent, -d] m -a, -OB accent {foreign, local,
-KH,
etc).
-OB aquarium.
-d]
nojx
aKKOMnaHCMeHT
nî^m'ênt,
m
--
[Akampa-a accomto
paniment;
the
accompaniment
a,
(of),
aKU,HOHep [AktjiAnêr] m -OB shareholder. aKi^HCHepHbiH [AktjtAnêrniy] a joint-stock.

-a,
aKKOpjieoH [Akardîôn] -OB accordion. aKKopAHjbiH [Akordniy] a: an njiaxa / onjiaxa piece wages; payment by the piece; an pa66Ta piece-work.
aKu,H|fl [aktsiya] -h, -h econ share. aji6aH|eu [Albanîtj, -dz] -ueB Albanian. -ua, aji6aHCK|HH [Albanskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Albanian.
aKKpcAHTHs
-v]
[Akrîdît'Îf,
ajire6p|a
[algîbra]
[Alzhtrîtj,
-bi
-OB letter of credit. aKKypaxHlbiH [Akuratnry] a

-a,
algebra.
ajiiKMp|eu
-dz]
sh
1.
-u accurate; punctual; orderly

f
-a,
aKKypaxeH,
-o,
{person); 2. neat, tidy; 3. careful

-a,
{work).
aKpo6aT
[AkrAbat,
-d]
-a,
m
-ob
-OB acrobat. aKT [akt, agd]

act,
1.
action; 2.
law deed;
-ueB Algerian. ajDKMpcKiHH [Alzhlrskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Algerian. ajiMMCHTlbi [Al^'imêntt] pi -OB alimony. ajiKor6jibHjbiH[AlkAg61^ntyJ a alcoholic, spirituous; bie HauHTKH strong drinks; spir-ua,
its.
o6BHHHTejibHbiH iudiclment; 3. statement, report

{a
4.
ajijieJH
[Al^'eya]
-h,
-fl
document
summing up an
investigation, inspection, etc); theat act. aKxep [Aktôr] -a, -ob actor.
aKTHBHlbiH [Akth'vniy] a sh f aKTHBCH, a, -o, -bi active {member, etc).
alley (a path in a garden or park); avenue {a walk bordered by trees). [aI^'o] int ajijio used in telephone conversations to attract attention or answer a
call:
operator?;
aKTpHc|a
[Aktrîsa]
-bi,
~, KOMMyxaxop? Hullo, ! Kxo roBopHx? Hullo! Who's speaking?

ajiMas [Almas, -z]
1.
^ctress.
aKTyajibH|biH [Aktual^nty] a sh f aKTyaJieH, -a, -o, -bi
(rough)
diamond
-a, -ob (a stone)\
2. glazier's
diamond.
-5aji(|)aBHT
-a,
aHT
[AlfAvît,
-d]
alphabet; no ~y in alphabetical order. ajibiH [alty] a red, scarlet. -a, -ob ajibCoM [Al^bom] album; sketch-book. aji-bnMHMCT [Appînîst, -zd]
-OB
mountain-climber. [Alûmînîy] m -H aluminium. aMdap [Ambar] m -a, -oe

-a,
-OB
ancKjioT [Anî^gddt, -d] -OB anecdote; joke. aHKexIa [Ankêta] / -bi, -^ form, questionnaire. aHHyjiMpOBaTb [Anulîravat^j -yio, perf & imperf -yeuib, p -OBaji, imp -yii annul; cancel, repeal, abolish.
-a,
ajiiOMHHHlH
aHOHHMHbiH
[AnAnîmniy]
barn; storehouse. [AmbulAtoaM6yjiaT6pH|5i rîya] f -h, -h dispensary. [AmîrîkaaMepHKaH|ei; nîts, -dz] -ua, -ues Amer.-
a anonymous. aHcaMSjijb [AnsambP] m -h, -efl ensemble; ~b necHH h njiflCKH song-and-dance group. aHTapKTHHecK|HH [AntArktÎchîskîy] a -an, -oe, -He
antarctic.
ican.
aHxeHHJa [Antena]
aerial,
-bi,
aMepHKaHCKiHH [Amîrîkanskîy] a -an, -oe, -He American.
[Amnîs^tîya] / -H, -H arnnesty. aMopajibHbiH [AmAral^niy] a immoral. [Amfît^'iâtr] aM(j)HTeaTp m -a, -OB amphitheatre; circle
{a set of seats).
-a, anajiHs [Analîs, -z] KpoBH blood -OB analysis;
aMHHCTHJH
antenna; KOMHaTHaji ~a indoor antenna. aHTH. first element of compounds denoting opposition, rivalry, unlikeness, etc: anTHpejiHrHosHbiH [an^tîrîlîgîoznty] anti-religious; anxHcaHHxapHbiH [an^tîsanîtarnly] insanitary. aHXHBoeHHbiH [An^f'ivAyenniy] a antiwar.
. .
test;
-~
MOHH
urinoscopy;
urine test. aHajicrHHH|biH[An3lAgîch^nty] a sh f aHajioriiqeH, -a, -o, -bi analogous; similar. aHaxoMHlfl [AnAtomîya] /
-H
aHXHKeapHbiH [An^tîkvarnty] a: MarasHH antique shop, curiosity shop. aHXHnaxH{n [An^tîpatîya] -H aversion, dislike; / -H, nnxaxb ~io feel an aversion
(for,
to).
anatomy
(a science).
aHXHceMHx [An^tîsî^mMt,
d]
aHrHH|a [Angîna] / -bi quinsy. aHrjiHHCKiHH [Anglîyskîy] a -aH, -oe, -He English; British.
n^'ln]
-a,
-OB
anti-Semite;
Jew-baiter.
aHrjiHHaH|MH [Anglîchâm nna, pi e, Englishman.
aHXHCOBeXCKiHH [An^tîsAvêtskîy] a -an, -oe. -He anti-Soviet. aHXH(|)aii]HcxdKlHH [An^tîfAshisskîy] a -an, -oe, -He
anti-fascist.
ahT
aHTMHHbiH
a antique.
[AD^'tîch^niy]
apa6 [Arap,
Arab.
apa6cK';HH
-an,
-oe,
-bj
-a,
-oq
aHTpaKT
-a,
[Antrakt,
{at
-OB interval
-gd] the the-
[Arapskîy]
-He
Arab; Arabian;
atre).
anejiJiû,H;5i
/
-H,
Arabic.
[ApîÎâtjtya]
-H /aay appeal;
qTo-JT.
~K) Ha
smth.
noAaBaxb appeal against
ap6y3 [Arbus, -z] m -a, -ob water-melon. [Argî^n^tîapreHXMHJeu n^'itj, -dz] m -ua, -ueB Argentinean.
anejibCHH [Apî^l^sîn] -OB orange. anjiDUHploBaxb [ApUd'îravî^\ imperf -yKD, -yeiiib, p

-a,
tînskîy]
apreHXMHCKiHH [Argî^nâ -an, -oe, -He
applaud. anjioflHCMeHT|bi [Apbdîsmênti] pi -ob applause; noA bi to amid applause. [ApalîanojiHTHHHlbiH

-OBa;i,
-yft
/
imp
tîch^niyl as/i / anojinTiiHeH,

-a,
-o,
itics
the
indifferent to polpeople); neglecting political side of a mat-bi
{of
ter {of
-ob
1.
book, article, etc).

-d]
annapax [^pArat,
m-a,
apparatus {an appliance, piece of machinery); xejiejoHHbiH ~ telephone (set);

4)oxorpac|)HMecKHH
era; 2.
etc);
--
Argentine. apenla [Arêna] f -u, ^ 1. arena; (circus) ring; 2. fig arena, scene. apeHAJa [Arênda] / -bi 1. lea^ê; B3HXb b ~y lease, take on lease; 2. rent {payment). apecx [Arrest, -zd] m -a, arrest {of a person); -OB 1. B3nxb no;; ~ take into custody; 2. sequestration; najioHMymecxBO seTKUTh ~ Ha questrate/seize property. [Ar^'i^stoapecxoeaHHibsH -oro, -ux vanniy] m [pa]
prisoner.
cam-
machinery
{of the state,
3.
staff {employees).
anncHflHUHx [Ap^m^d^'itsi't
-d]
apH4)MexHKia [Arîfm^'etîka] / -H arithmetic. apHJH [arîya] f -h, -h

aria,
air.
/ -h,
-a
appendicitis.
[Apî^t^'it,
annexHx
-a appetite;
-d]
apHJa [arka]
sk^'iy]
apKXHHecKJHM
apoK arch. [Arkf'ichî-ne

/
<> npHflXHoro
tit!
a! bon appe-
a -an,
-oe,
arctic.
-h,
-fl
apMHifl [arm^'iya]
[Apr^'el'']
anpejilb April.
m
/ -h,
-h
army; (armed)
pi
forces.
anxcKla [Aptêka]
chemist's
store.
apMfiHHH [Arm'î'^nîn]
-a,
apMHHe,
apMHH
Arme-
(shop);
US
drug-
-KH,
-aid
[Aptêch^ka] anxeH'iKa / -eK medicine chest; firstkit.
nian. apMWHCK'iHM |Arm''ansk''iy] a -an, -oe, -ne Armenian.
apoMaxHbiH
[ATAmatnty] a
aromatic, fragrant.
^
-a, apcewaji [Arsî^nal] -OB I. arnioury;-2. //g stores
7 -^
a(t)p
accHCxcHx [ASîs^tênt,
-dj
m
-d]
-a,
-OB assistant.
(0/).
accopxMMeHx [Asartîmênt,
apTeji|b [Artêl^] / -h, -en artel {an association for com-
mon
work);
BeHHaH
~b
cejibCKOxosHHCTcollective farm.
m -a, -OB assortmentjVariety. [AstrAnoacxpcHOMHifl mîyal / -h astronomy.

ac(J)ajibx
[Asfal^t,
/
-d]
-a
apTepH|fl JArtêrîya] / -h, -H artery {also fig). apTHjijiepH|fl [Art^'iPerîys]

/ -H artillery. apxHCT [Artîst,
-zd]
asphalt.
axaK|a [Ataka] attack, assault.

axejibe
1.
-h,
-a,
studio
[AtePye] n indecl {the work-room of
-OB performer; let-dancer;
6ajieTa bal-
ApsMbi actor;
/
-bi,
onepbi opera singer.

ap(j)la
[arfa]
harp.
[ArkhîAloapxeojioFHlfl gîya] / -h archeology. apxH... first element of compounds denoting principal, extreme, great: apxHOJiyx [Arkh^'iplul, -d] arch-rogue; apxHMHJiJiHOHep [arkhîm^'il^'iAnêr]
a painter, etc); 2. {also -' moa) dressmaking and tailoring establishment. axMoc4)epia [AtmAs^fêra] / -bi atmosphere. axoM [atam] m -a, -ob atom. axoMHbiH [atamniy] a atomic;
atom
{attr).
ATC [A-te-es] abbrev (/) (= aBTOMaxHêcRaH xejie4)6HHaH cxaHUHH) automatic phone exchange.
axxauie [AtAshe]
attache.
[Atî^stat, -d| certificate {an educaspejiocxH tional document); school -leaving certificate.
-a, -OB
tele-
multimillionnaire.
-v]
indecl
apxHB [Arkhîf,
-a,
-OB archives; discard, shelve. <> Cijaxb B
axxecxax
apxHTCKTOp [Arkhîtêktsr]
-OB architect. apxHTCKxypla [Arkh^'itî^ktura] -bi architecture {a / science or style). apbeprap;i [Aryi^rgart, -d]
-a,
ayAHx6pH|j!
/ -H,
-H
1.
[Audîtorîya] lecture-hall; class-
-room;
2.
audience {people).
m
m
-a,
-09
mil rearguard.
fAspîrant,
-d]
ayKUHOH [Auktjlon] -OB auction; npoâxb

sell
m
c
-a,
~a
-dz]
acnHpaHT
-a,
-OB post-graduate (stu-
dent).
m
-bi
at an auction. [Avganîts, a(})raH|eu -ua, -ucB Afghan.
acnHpaHxypla
tura] /
1.
course; 2. dents.
-H,
-ii
[AspîrAnpost-graduate post-graduate stu-
accaM6jie|fl
[ASAmblêya] / assembly.
a(l)raHCK|HH fAvgansk^'iyl a -oe, -He Afghan. a(J)Hiii|a [Af'ishQl / -h, (play)bill, placard. [Afr'ikanîtj, a(l)pHKaH|eu -dz] -ua, -ucB African.
-an,
act)p
a4)pHKaHCK;HH
"[Afr'îkan-
pounds pertaining
aspoHaBTHKa-
skîy] a -an, -oe, -He African.

-eiiib,
axa|Tb [akhat''] imperf -lo, axH yxb [akhnut'"] perf

-eiiJb,
-y,
-yji,
imp
-h
co/
to aviation: [AerAnaftîka] aeronautics; asponopi [AerAport, -d] airport. -a, aapojipoM [AerAdrom]
gasp
(ay/Y/i
{with
regret).
surprise);
sigh
-OB airfield.
aapocTax
-a,
aapo... first element of com-
[AerAstat, -OB balloon.
-d]
6 see 6a6ia
1.
6bi.
6aHflap|Ka [bAydarka] /-kh,

/ -bi,
[baba]
col
-OK kayak.
woman; 2. fig sissy; snow man. <> cHeJKHaji 6a6|HH [bab'îy] a -bH, -be, -bH col womanish, women's;
6aHK]a
nelette.
[bayka]
-h flan-a,
bejiero Indian summer. 6d6oH|Ka [babach^ka] / -kh, -eK butterfly; HOMHan Ka moth. 6a6ym|Ka [babushka] / -kh, -eK grandmother.
<>
faK I [bak, -g] tank, cistern. 6aK II [bak, -g]

naut forecastle.
-oe -ob
-a,
6aKajieHHlbiH [bakAlêyniy]
a:
bie
1.
~ biH MarasHH grocery (shop);

TOEapbi groceries. Sanajie 51 [bakAiêya] / -h groceries; 2. grocery (shop).
Ji
6ara)K [bAgash, -zh] m -a luggage, baggage; cjâeaTb seiu,H B have one's luggage
CaKTepHOJiorH
log'îya]
-H, /
-ii
[baktîr'îA-
registered.
ârpoBJbiH
sh
f
-a, -o,
[bAgrovty] a -bi crimson.

/ -bi,
SaKxepHJH -H bacterium.
bacteriology. [bAktêrîya] /
base, basis; aBHauHOHHan [soeHHo-MOpcKan] ~a air [naval] base; TypHCTCKan -~a tourist
6a3|a [baza]
camp; MaiepHajibHan
terial
~a
ma-
6aji [bal] -a, pi -bi, -6b ball (a formal social dance); ~-MacKapa/l fancy-ball. 6ajiajiaMK|a [baUlayka] / -H. 6aJiaJiaeK balalaika (a Russian stringed instrument).
resources; Ha ~e Hayqubix flaHHbix on the basis of scientific data. 6a.3ap [bAzar] -a, -oe
-bi,
SajiepHHla [baPi^r'îna] / ballerina, ballet-danc-
er.
6ajieT [bAl^'et, -d]

let.
m
/
-a bal-
1.
market
{1)
buying
2,
and
fig
selling;
2) the place);
6aji|Ka
[balka]
-kh, -ok
col row, uproar.
beam^ girder.
9
SajiJKa II [balk9] / -kh, -ok ravine. -a, -ob CajiKOH [bAlkon] balcony; 2. theat upper 1.
6ap
-d]
GaHKCT [bAukêt,
-a,
-OB banquet, dinner.
circle.
6^jiji
[bal]
-a, -ob 1.: Be6;
6aHKHp [bAnkîr] m -a, -ob banker. 6aHKp6TCTB|o [bAnkrotjtV8] n -a, -~ bankruptcy {also
fig)-
Tep B mecTb -ôb wind force

2.
mark,
grade
{at
school);
6aHT
[bant,
-d]
-a,
-ob
3.
point {in
game
scores).
bow
{a
GaJiJiOTHploBaTbCJi [balAtîravattsa] imperf -yiocb, -yeiiibCH, p -OBaJicH, -OBaJiacb, imp
3aTb OM tie in a bow. GaHJH [banâ] / -h, -b bath-house.
kind of knot);
saBH-
-yHTecb be a candidate (for election); run, stand {for

-yftcH,
6apa6aH
-OB
[barAban]
-a,
an
office).
GajijOBaTb [balAvat^] /mper/

-yio,
-yft,
{!) a percussion instrument; 2) a metal spool or cylinder).
drum
imp -yeiub, p -OBaJi, [izbalAH3':6ajiOBaTb

humour.
[balAvattsa]
6apa6aH|HTb
imperf
-b
-k),
[barAbanît^]
-Hiiib,
vat^] perf spoil, 6aji|oBaTbCH
drum,
devil's
col
beat a
tattoo;
-hji, imp drum; beat
imperf
-yrocb,
-yembCH,
p poHJie
thump on
htb na the piano.
-OBaJicH, -OBaJiacb, imp -yncH, -yftxecb be mischievous, be
naughty; He yflcH don't be naughty.
6aMyK [bAmbuk, -gj m -a barrack; barracks. bamboo. 6aHaH [bAuan] m -a, -ob 6apaH [bAran]
banana.
-H,
6apa6aHiij,HK [barAban^sh^:ik, -g] -a, -ob drummer, a drum player. 6apaK [bArak, -g] -a, -ob temporary wooden structure,
-a,
-oe
faHflepoJijb [ban^dî^rol^] / -eft postal packet; oxnpa-
BHTb ~bK) send by book-post.
6aHAMT
-a,
[bAn^dît,
-g]
-d]
-a,
m
-ob
male sheep). 6apaHMHJa [bAranîna] / -bi mutton. 6apaH|Ka [bAranka] / -kh, -OK baranka {a ring-shaped
{a
roll).
ram
-OB bandit, cutthroat.
6aHK [bank,
fin
1.
m
/
6ap}a [barzha]
6a.pm\si
-h,
~&
bank. eanlKa [banks]

jar
{of
-kh,
-ok
[bArzha] / -h, -en barge (a large, flat-bottomed

boat):
tainer);
^Ka
glass); tin {a conBapeHbH pot of
jam; KOHcepBHan Ka {empty) tin; US can; Ka cap;i,HH tin / can of sardines; 2. med cup-
SapHTOH [barîton] -OB baritone.

âpoMexp [bAromîtr]
-OB barometer.
-a,
-a,
nOCTaBHTb ping-glass; apply cupping-glasses.
~KH
6appHKaA|a
-bi,
[barîkada] barricade.
6ap
SapcyK [bArsiik, -OB zool badger.
-g]
10
-a,
6au]KMp
[bAshkîr]
-a
-OB Bashkir.
[bAryer] barrier {also fig).
6apxaT velveL 6apbep
[barkhat, -d]
-a
sk^'iy]
[bAshkîr 6auiKMpcK|HH a -an, -oe, -He Bash-
-a,
-ob
kir.
6ac [bas, -z] m -a, pi -bi, -OB bass; roBopHTb ~om speak in a bass deep voice.
/
6aiiiMaK H [bashmAkî] p, -a) shoes -OB {sing 6aiuMaK
boots; 6biTb
SacKCTeoji [baskî^dbol] -a basketball. SacHOCJioBH biH [basoAslovnty] a sh f 6acHocJi6BeH, -a, -o, -bi col fabulous {immense); no OH uene at a fabulous
col
noA ~6m y Koro-Ji. be under smb's thumb.

[bashnâ]
/
-a,
6auj|HJi
-hh
-oi
-en tower. [bAyan] 6aflH
m
-a,
Russian accordion. [bditîPniy 6flHTejibH|biH

a sh
f CAHiejien, vigilant.
price. 6ac|HJi [bas^nâ] / -hh, -eH cock-andfable; 2. fig 1. -buU story; <> COJlOBbJI ~HJ1MH He KOpfair MJiT prov ter no parsnips.
-o,
-t
-a run 6er [b'êk, -g] running; sport (foot-)race; Ha CTO MCTpOB 100 m(eters
(flat)
words but-
race;
cociHsanHH b
-~
[bAsêyn] m -a, -ob: A-^H uJiaBaHHH swim~ peKH river ming-pool;
eacccHH
foot-race; die-race;
HOH
6apbepHbiH - no nepeceMenCrOSS-COUH MeCTHOCTH

3CTa4)eTHbiH
hur
-^ basin; KaMeHHoyrojibHbifl coal-field. 6acT|oBaTb [bastAvat^] im-
try race; lay-race;
re
Ha
Mecxe mark
pi
-6i
ing time. [bî^ga] 6erla
perf -yK>, -yeiiib, p -oBaJi, imp be on strike, be -yft strike, out.
SarajibOH [batAl^yon]
-a,
-OB mil battalion; cipeJiKOinfantry battalion. BbiH Saxapelji [batArêya] / -h,
(horse-)race. imper eerjaxb [bêgat^] 1 -aeuib -aio, [cf 6e/KaTb run {on the feet); --aTi 1. HaneperoHKH race with ont
-H
battery
{also
mil);
napOBoro OTonjieHHH radiator;

SJieKTpHMecKan h electric battery, dry pile; h cyxHX ejieMCHTOB dry battery. eaioH [bAton] m -a, -ob
loaf {of bread).
another; run a race {wit! smb); 2.: y Hero rJiaaa --aiohe has shifty eyes. êrcMOT [bîgî^mot, -d] n
-a,
-ob
hippopotamus.
see
eerH [bî^gî]
6e}KaTb
6axpOM|a
Cringe
[bakhrAma]
-bi
eerjieu [b^'i^glêts, -dz] n -a, -6b fugitive, runaway. 6erJibifi [bêgliy] a \. {alst used as a noun 6 e r Ji bi h r/
|
{trimming).
oro,
-bix)
fugitive;
-'
npe.
II
6e3
1. run {on the feet); CJIOMH roJiOBy run like
CTynHHK fugitive from justice;

2.
ra ib
1]
fluent {speech, etc); 3. su-
âib
CHTb
{at).
perficial, cursory, brief; 6p6-- BSFJiHA glance (at) in
mad; âxb pbicbio trot; BpcMH HT time flies; 3.
2.:
col
passing; shoot a look
glance
run / boil over; mojioko -^ht the milk is boiling over.
CeroM
run;
[b'î^gom]
adv at a
running; oh npH6e>Kaji he came running. SercTBlo [bêkstva] n -a flight, hasty retreat, escape. 6ery [bî^gu], Ceryx [bî^-
eejKCHleu [b^'ezhanîtj, -4?] -ua, -ucB refugee. 663 [b^'es; in the first pre-
gut, -d] see 6e)KaTb. -a, -6b 6eryH [bî^giin] sport runner. 6ejK\A [b'i^da] / -bi, pi 6eAbi, 6eAaM misfortune, trouble; nonacTb b -y find oneself
tonic position bî^s, -z; in the second and other pretonic positions b^ls, -z; in a stressed position bês, -z], 6e30 [bêz9; in the first pretonic position bîzA; in the second and other pretonic positions bîza] prep with gen denoting 1. the absence of, lack of,
in trouble; b t6m-to h -â that's just the trouble; doesn't matter; it <> HC
not having: -^ MaxepH without (his, her, etc) mother;
Hero without
him; in his
absence; without unfortunately. jxeuer [bêdnas't'', (any) money; ^^ comhckhh 6eflH0CTlb without / beyond doubt, un-z^d''] / -H poverty. CeAHOTJa [bîduAta] / -bi doubtedly; 6e3 xoJiKy to no the poor, the destitute; êpe- purpose; 6e3o Bcero without seHCKaH ---a the village poor. anything; 2. the fact that is not 6eAH|biH [bêdniy] a sh f a time or number ~ ABaûaxH xpH 6eAeH, -a, -o, -bi (-bi) poor reached: (/) not rich; 2) unfortunate); twenty minutes to three; '-' --an oScraHOBKa cheap and AByx MecHucB xpH roAa two scanty furnishings; an âu- months short of three years. TasHH poor imagination. 663..., 6ec... pref of nouns eeflp|6 [bîMro] n -a, pi & adjectives denoting the state 6eApa, 6eAep, 6eflpaM thigh; of being deprived of, lack' of, etc: 6e3BpeAHbifl hip. [b^'i^zvrêdGeACTBHiC [bêtst^vîya] n nty] harmless; desajiKorojib-H, -H calamity, disaster; cthHUH [bîzalkAgol^niy] nonXHHHoe e natural calamity; -alcoholic; 6e3BKycHua [bî^sCHFHaji ~H signal of distress. fkusîtsa] lack of taste, bad 6em\aTb [b'i^zhat''] imperf taste; 6e3Jii6AHHH [b**izlûd6ery, -Hiub, 6eryT, p -aJi, imp niy] uninhabited; thinly po6erH a concrete movement in a pulated; solitary, lonely.
Ha
~y
definite direction
[cf
Ce-
6e36ojie3HeHH|i}iH
[b^'lzbA-
6e3
12
f 6e36ojie3painless. 6e3BKycH|biH [bî^sfkusnty] a sh f SesBKvceH, -a, -o, -bi tasteless. [b^lZVAZeeSBOSBpaTH'blH vratnty] a sh f SesBOSBpaxeH, -a, -0, -bi 1. irrevocable, irretrievable; 2.: -~aH ccyâ free grant. [b^lZVAZCeSBOBMeSilHO mêzna] adv gratis, free of
Pez^n^'inniy] a sh
HCH,
-a, -o,
-bi
-a,
-o,
-bi
ruthless;
pitiless,
merciless. 6e3)KH3HeHH|biH [b^'i^zhifz''nînniy] a sh f 6e3/Kr]3HeH, -a, -o, -bi lifeless, dead. [bîzzAbot6e33aC;6TH|biH niy] a sh f CessaSoxeH, -a, -o, light-hearted; -bi care-
untroubled. 6e33aBeTH!biH [bîzzAVêtnty] a sh f 6e33aBeTeH, -a, -o, -bi selfless, whole-hearted

-free,
charge. 6e3BbixoAHibiH[bî^zvikh9dniy] a sh f 6e3BbixoAeH -a, -bi hopeless, desperate -o,

{position, etc).
devotion, etc). 6e3JiHHH|biH [bî^z^Pich''niy] a sh f SesjiHqen, -a, -o,

{love,
6e3rpaHHMH
-a,
-o,
-bi
biM
f
[bîzgrA-
impersonal. [bî^zmolvCesMOJiBHlbiH niy] a sh f gesMOJiBCH, -a, -o,

-bi
nîch^niy] ash
6e3rpaHHMeH,
-bi
silent,
mute;
~aH HOMb
infinite, boundless.
6e3flapHJbiH [b^'i^zdarniy] a sh f 6e3AapeH, -a, -o, -bi untalented; worthless [painter,
book, etc). [bî^z^6e3fleHCTB|oBaTb dêystyvat''] -yio, imperf -yeiiib, p -oBaJi, imp -yu be inactive, be inoperative, do
night. 6e3MsiTeH|biH [bîzmî^têzhniy] a sh f 6e3MHTeHieH, -a, -o, -bi peaceful, tranquil; happy {childhood, dreams, etc). 6e3HaAe>KHibiH [bîzuAdôzha s/z / 6e3HaAeLeH, -a, niy] -o, -bi hopeless, past hope.
still
SeSHpaBCTBCHHlblH
[bî^z-
nothing.
6e3Ae;iyiii
ka]
-KH,
Ka [bîz^dî^lush-eK trinket; knickI
nrafs^t^v'^mniy] a sh f 6e3upaBCTBeH, -a, -o, -bi immoral {conduct, etc); dissolute {person).
6630 see 6e3. 6e3o6HAH|biH [bîZAb'îdniy] good-for-nothing. a sh f 6e3o6HAeH, -a, -o, -bi 6e3]iejibHMM|aTb[bî^z^d''el''- harmless {joke, remark, etc). n'îch'ât^] imperf -aio, -aeiub 6e3o6pa3H|e [bîzAbrazîya] col idle, loaf. n -H, -H 1. ugliness; deformiSesAHJa [b^'ezna] / -bi, ~ ty; 2. outrage, disgraceful 1. abyss; 2. col a great numbehaviour/ practices; ber/amount {of); ~a paSoTbi 0 3T0 npocTO ~e! it's lots of work (to do). simply a disgrace!; mto aa 6e3iKa.JiocTH|biH [b*'i^zh:a~e! what a shame! lesnty] a sh f 6e3>Ka/iocTeH, ee3o6pa3HHHlaTb [b^'iZAn^'ik,
-knack. 6e3AejibKHK
-g]
[bî^z^dêl^-a, -ob col idler,

braz^nîch^'at'']
13
6eji
imperf
-aio,
-aeiub col
behave outrageous-
sh
1.
ly/disgracefully. [HîzAbraz6e3o6pa3H|biH niy] a sh f 6e3o6pa3eH, -a, hideous, de-o, -bi 1. ugly, formed; 2. disgraceful, out~^biH nocTynoK a rageous; disgraceful thing to do. 6e3oroB6pOMHlbiH [bîzagAv6r9ch^ntyl a sh f desoroBOpoMeH, -a, -o, -h\ unqualified, unconditional; --aH KanHxyjiHUHH unconditional surrender.
6e3yMH;biH [bî^zumniy] a 6e3yMeH, -a, -o, -u f reckless {headstrong and
irresponsible); -~^biH nocTynoK an act of folly; 2. col dreadful, terrible; 3. col mad, crazy; biH BsrjiHA wild look; biii
npoeKT
project.
crazy
hare-brained
6e3ynpeMH|biH [b^lzuprêch^nly] a sh f 6e3ynpeHeH, -a, -o, -bi irreproachable, faultless reputation, {work,
etc).
6e3ycji6BHO
[b^lzApasnas^t^, -z^'d^] / -h safety; security {freedom from danger). 6e3onacH|biH [bîzApasnty] -a, -o, -bi a sh f 6e3onaceH.
safe {place, etc).
eesrnacHOCTJb
adv
ly;
II
undoubtedly,
[bîzuslovna] I absolute-
ly; OH,
is
parenthoi course; certain~, np:B of course he

[bîzuchâs-
right. 6e3y--TacTH|biH
6e30TBeTCTBeHHlbIH [bÎZAt- nly] a sh f 6e3yqacTeH, -a, vêtjtvînniy] a sh f 6e30T- -0, -bi apathetic, indifferent, BeicTBeH, -a,, -o, -h irresponsi6e3biAeHH|biH [bîzidêyble (s/aêmen/, behaviour, etc). niy] a sh f 6e3biAeeH, -a, -o, SespaCoTHUja [bîzrAbotî- -bi devoid of principles and
tsa] / -bi
unemployment.
ideals.
6e3pa66TH|biH [bîzrAbotnly] a {also used as a noun
6eH [b'ey] see 6HTb.

eeficji
[bêysâ],
-z'^j
eefiTecb
6e3pa66THlbiH m
-bix)
-oro,
[bêyt^'is^,
gejiifjia
jiHJi
see
6HTbCH.
pi
6e-
unemployed.
[b^'i^l^'ila]
6e3pa3JiHHH|biH [bîzrAz''Pich^niy] a sh f 6e3pa3JiHêH,-a, -o, -bi indifferent, listless.
CBHHuoBbie while lead; uHHKOBbie ^ zinc white; 2. ceruse {a cosmetic). 6eji|HTb [bî^lît^] imperf
1.:
-K),
6e3paccyAH| biH [bîzrAssudniy] a sh f 6e3paccyAeH, -a,

-0,
-bi
CeJIHUIb
-H,
j
(-HlUb),
-HJI,
imp
rash, reckless.
no 6ejiiiTb [pabî^Pit^l perf whitewash {walls,

etc).
[bîzu6e3yKOpH3HeHHlbIH kArîz^nînniy] a sh f 6e3yKopH3HeH, -a, -o, -u irreproachable, perfect; oe noBeêHHe unimpeachable con-
SejilKa [bêlka] / -kh, ôk squirrel. 6ejiJieTpHCTHKla [bîlî^tr'is^tîka] / -H fiction, belles-lettres.
duct.
6eji
14
6eji|6K [b'î^lok,
-g]
-Ka,
-KOB
1.
white
an egg)', 2. men; protein.

6ejioKyp|biH
{of the eye, of biol, chem albu-
peKH on the riverside; cohth Ha go ashore; noexaxb na ~ MOpH go to the seaside. 6eperoB|6H [bîrîgAvoy] a
waterside; riverside; coastal; --aH jihhhh coastline.
6epeiKjiMB|biH [bîr^'i^zhPiviy] a sh / ~, -a, -o, -u
thrifty,
sh
f fair.
^,
-a,
-o,
[bîlAkuriy] a -u blond,
Ccjiopyc [bîUrus, -z] -OB Byelorussian.
-a,
economical.
6ejiopyccK|HH [bîUruskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Byelorussian. 6ejiyrla [bî^lugg] / -h, white sturgeon. 6ejilbiH [bêlty] a sh f ^,
-a,
-o
(-6),
-bi
(-bi).
white
{colour);
~biH rpH6 edible boletus mushroom); -bih MeAeeAb Polar bear; aa ropHMKa de<> (a
6epe}KH|biH [bêrîzhniy] a sh f 6epeH<eH, -a, -o, -bi careful, cautious; ôe oTHomeHHe careful handling {of things); showing utmost consideration {for people). 6epe3|a [bî^rôza] / -bi, birch; KapejibCKan ^-a silver birch.
lirium tremens; cpcflb ~aflHJi in broad daylight; aro iuhto -^biMH HHTKaMH col that is easily seen through.
6ejibrH|eu[bî^l''gîyats, -dz]
6epeMeHHafl [b^'i^rêm^'mnaya] I a pregnant; II as a noun 6 e p e m e hH a H / -OH, -bix expectant

I
mother. 6ep|eHb
-ery,
[bî^r^'ech*']
imperf
-HueB Belgian. 6ejibrHHCK|HH [b^'i^l^g^'iyskîy] a -an, -oe, He Belgian. 6ejib|e [bî^l^yo] n -h linen
-Hua,
washing
{underclothes, sheets, etc); {linen sent to the
wash); HH^nee e underwear; nocTCJibHoe ~e bed-linen. 6ejibM|6 [b^'i^l^mo] n -a, pi 6eJibMa, wall-eye; <^ KaK 6 Ha rjiasy like an
-enêmb, -eryr, p -er, -erjia, imp -ern 1. save {prevent against expense, loss, or waste); spare {avoid using or use frugally); eMb aôpoBbe take care of one's health; ~e^b CHJibi spare strength;
ê^h aeHbPH economize;

spare
2.
eyesore.
6ejib3Ta}K [b''i^l''etash, -zh] 1. first floor; 2. theat -a dress circle.
6eH3HH
[b*'i^n''zîn]
-a
benzine, petrol;
US
gas.
-a, pi -g] -OB bank {of a river); shore, coast, beach; na
6eper [bêrîk,
-a,
^y
{save from pain, harm, or misfortune); KaK scHHuy oKa <> ~eHb guard as the apple of one's eye, [b''i^r''ech''s''a] 6ep|eHbCJi -erycb, -e>KembCH, imperf -eryiCH, p -ercH, -erJiacb, imp -ePHCb, -erHTecb: --erH(Te)cb! look out!, beware!; ~erH(Te)cb aBTOMo6HJiH! watch out for the carl, mind the carl
15 --
6ec
[bîspArt**iy-
6epH [bî^rÎ] see 6paTb. 6epHCb [bî^rîs'*, -z^], 6epHxecb [b^'i^rîtîs^, -z^] see dpaxbCH.
SecnapTHHHHH
niy] I a non-party; 1 1 as a noun 6ecnapTHfi-
H
I
-oro, -bix
non-party
6epji6rla
[bî^rloga]
-h,
man.
6ecne4H|biH
[bî^spêch^-
den,
lair.
6epy [bî^ru], 6epeuib [b^'i^- niy] a sh f CecneêH, -a, -o, -bi light-hearted, rMsh, -zh] see 6paTb. carefree 6epycb [bî^rus^, -z^], 6e- {person, life, etc).
peiubcfl
[b'î^r^dshs^'a]
,-
see
6ecnjiaTH|biM [bî^splatnty]
6paTbCH.
a sh f 6ecnJiaTeH,
free (of
a,
-o,
-u
6ec... see 6e3...
charge);
--bm
Chjict
SeceAJa [bî^sêda] / -h. -talk, conversation; AeJioeaa a business talk; ApyJKecKan a friendly talk / chat; saAyuieBHaH ~a heart-to-heart talk; 2. debate, discussion; npoBecTH -y hold a discussion; give a talk. 6eceA|Ka [bî'^sêtka] / -kh, arbour, -OK summer-house, bower. 6eceA|oBaTb [bî^sêdavat^] Imperf -yio, -yeiiib, p -oeaji,
1.
complimentary ticket; BXOA free admission.

6ecnji6flH|biH
Mfi
[bî^splod-a,
niy]
-o,
-bi
a sh f SecnjioAen,
1.
barren, sterile {soil, etc)', 2. fig vain, futile {attempt, effort, etc).
SecnoBopOTHlbiH
[b**ispavA-
rotniy] a sh f SecnoBOpoTCH, -a, -o, -bi final, irrevocable

{decision,
etc).
6ecnoK6iHTb
imperf
-lo,
[bîspAkoif*]
-Hiub,
-hji,
imp
imp
-yft
talk {with,
to).
-H 1. disturb, troulide, bother;
eec|HTb
[bî^sît^]
-hji.
imperf
He HaAo
~HTb
6emy, 6ecHiub, p
imp
-ri,
nycTHKaw
with
/
ero no TaKHM don't bother him

trifles; 2.
B3i6ecMTb [vzbî^sît^] perf enrage, infuriate, madden. 6ec|HTbC5i [bî^s^lttsa] /mpe/-/,6emycb, 6ecHiiibC5i, p -hjica, -HJiacb, /mp -HCb, -Hiecb, B3:6ecHTbcsi [vzbî^sîttja] perf 1. go mad, become rabid; 2. fig rage, be in rage; perf also get /fly into a rage, get wild. 6ecK0HeMH|biH [bîskAnêch^niy] a sh f 6eCK0HeqeH, -0, -bi endless, -a, interminable, eternal, perpetual;
such
worry
{cause anxiety);
make anxious
uneasy. 6ecnoK6{HTbcsi [bîspAkoittsa] imperf -locb, -HuibCH,

-HJicH,
-HJiacb,
imp
-Pica
-HTecb 1. worry, feel anxious / uneasy; oh ^htch o 3ao-
poBbe
for
his
MaTepH he is anxious mother's health; 2.

[b^'ispAkoy-
bother {trouble oneself).
GecnoKOHHlwH
nly] a sh
f
~oe
space.
npocTpaHCTBo
infinite
decnoKoen, -a, -o, -bi 1. uneasy, restless, perturbed; 2. troublesome Xper-
son, etc).
6ec
16
decnojiesHlbiH [bîspAlêzniy] a sh f 6ecnoJie3eH, -a,

-o,
-bi
-o,
-bi
immortal;
undying
{glory, etc).
aH
time.
useless, of no avail; Tpara BpeMCHH waste of
s^Pinniy] a sh
6ecn6MOiij,HlbiH
inash*':niy]
[bî^spo-
6eccMbicjieHH|biH [bî^ssmtf 6eccMbicjieH, -a, -o, -bi senseless, meaningless; ~biH BsrjiHA vacant
mcH,
-a,
-0,
a sh f 6ecn6MO-u helpless; im-
stare.
potent, feeble.
SecnopflfljOK [b'lspArâdak, -Ka, pi -kh, -kob 1. disorder, confusion; 2. pi disorders, riots. (bîspAsaSecnocaAOHHbiH dach^nty] a: -- nepejiex non-stop flight.
-g]
SeccoBecTHibiH [b^'i^ssov'îsniy] a sh f 6ecc6BecTeH, -a, -o, -bi unscrupulous, shameless.
6ecco3HaTejibH|biH [bîssAZnaf'il^nty] a sh f 6ecco3HaTCJieH, -a,

-o,
-bi
unconscious
sh^:adnty] ACH, -a,

ruthless.
6ecnoiu,aAHlbiM a sh
-o,
-bi
[bîspAf
6ecnomamerciless,
deprived of conscious(/) ness; 2) unintentional); 6hnh B --0M cocTOflHHH be uncouscious; ~biH jKecT ungoverned
gesture.
eeccoHHHula [bî^sson^n^'its9]
/
-bi
6ecnpaBHlbiH [b^'i^spravniy] a sh f decnpaBCH, -a, -o, -u rightless, without any rights. [bîspr'î^6ecnpepbiBH|biH rtvniy] a sh f SecnpepbiBen, -a, -o, -bi continuous, incessant.
sleeplessness,
in-
somnia. eeccnopHO [bî^ssporna] I adv undisputably, undoubtedly;

II
parenth to be sure; beyond
n*y] a sh
6ecnpH36pHluH [bîspr^'izorf 6ecnpH36peH, -a, -o, -bi homeless {children, etc)\
question. [b^'i^ssrochêeccpoHH'ibiH nty] a sh f 6eccp6qeH, -a, -o, -bi termless {treaty, etc); per{passport, etc). 6eccTbiAHlbiH [b'î^sstidniy] a sh f 6eccTbiAeH, -a, -o, -bi shameless, brazen; bifl no-
neglected {household, etc). 6ecnpHMepH|biH [bîsprîmêrniy] a s/i /6ecnpHMepe4, -o, -bi unexampled, un-a,
paralleled.
manent
CTynoK
to
shameless
thing
6ecnyTH|biH [bî^sputnty] a sh f SecnyieH, -a, -o, -bi

dissolute, dissipated. 6eccHJibH[biH [b^'i^s^'sîl^nty] a sh f 6eccH.aeH, -a, -o, -bi 1. weak, feeble; 2. powerless,
do.
6ecTaKTH0CTlb
nas^t^, -z'^d''] / -h, piece of lessness;
[bî^stakt-eft tacttactless-
impotent.
ness; AonycTHTb ~b make a tactless blunder. 6ecTaKTH|biH [b^'i^staktniy]
SeccMepTHlbiii [b'î^ssmêrtnty] a sh f 6eccMepTen, -a,
a sh
6ecTaKTeH,
-a,
o,
-bi
tactless,
6ecTOJiK6B|biH (b''istAlk6viy] a s/i / --, -a, -o, -bi 1. stupid; ~biH MeJiOBCK muddle-head; 2. incoherent
{speech, report, etc).
17
2.
6hji
cocTOHHHH unconscious;
un-
feeling, callous, heartless. GcTOH [bî^ton] -a concrete.
6ecxapaKTepH|biH [bîskhArakt^'irnty] a sh f decxapaKTepeH, -a, -o, -u weak-willed,

spineless.
n
B
[b'eshanstva] GeiueHCTBJo -a \. med hydrophobia, ra2.
bies;
~o
fury, rage; npHHXH fly into a rage; ao-
BecTH
[bÎS-
no
eeCXOSHHCTBCHHOCxIb
/
khAZâys^t^vînn9s''t^, -z^d^] -H careless and wasteful management; wastefulness. 6eci^BeTH|biH [bî^stsv^'etnty] a sh f 6ecu,BeTeH, -a, -o, -bi colourless {also fig). 6eci](ejibH|biH [bî^stsePniy] a sh f 6ecuejieH, -a. -o, -u aimless; idle {useless); ^bift cnop pointless argument; ~bie paaroBopbi idle talk. 6ecueHHlbiH [bî^stsenniy] a sh f 6ecueHeH, -a, -o, -bi priceless {precious).
wild; B a rage.
1.
a enrage, drive e in a frenzy, in

[bêshaniy]
6euieH|wH
rabid, mad; --an co6aKa rabid dog; 2. furious, violent; excessive; bin tcmh furious pace;
<>
med
we
fabulous
ACHbrH easy money; sums of money;
--bie ueHbi exhorbitant / outrageous prices. 6eiu^ [b^'i^shu] see 6ecHTb. Seuiycb [bî^shus'', -z^] see 6eCHTbCH. 6H6jiHOTeK|a [b^'iblîAtêka]
/ -H,
decucHOK
3a to nothing;
col:
[b'î^stjenak,
-g]
library;
ny^Jimnaa
cheap^ for next KynHTb 3a buy
for a song.
public library; ~a-nepe^BHJKKa mobile library. 6H6jiHOTeKap|b [bîbl^'iAt*'ek9r^]
SecHejioeeHHlbiH [b^'ish^'chîlAv^'ech^niy] a sh f 6ecqeJioeeqen, -a, -o -bi inhuman, brutal. 6ecMMCJieHH]biH [b^'i^sh^'chîs^l^mniy] a sh f 6ecmiCJieH, -a, -o, -bi countless, innumerable; ~oeMH6:cecTBO infinite
-h, -eft
librarian.
6ha6h [bîdon] m -a, -ob can {for liquids). 6HeHH|e [bîyenîya] n -h,
-H beating,
<>
e
6hji
]KH3HH
pulsation; the throbbing
of life.
[bîl] see 6vnh.
number
pas
(of);
~oe
kojih^cctbo
times out of number; ~bie Bonpocbi a great many
questions. 6eciyBCTBeHH|biH
ch*'iis''t^v''mnty]
sible,
HyBCTBeH, -a, -o, unconscious:
npoesAHOH ^ ticket ao KaJiy[bî^sh''- FH ticket to Kaluga; b a sh f 6ec- OAHH KOHeu single ticket; khho] theatre -bi 1. insen[b B TeaTp
way,
etc);
Shjict [bîlêt, -d] -ob 1. ticket {concert,

{for travelling);
-a,
rail-
ôm
[cinema] ticket, ticket to the
enji
^
Ha koh-
IS---a noA Bopo^HHOM/ npH BopoAHHe battle of Borodino; â Ha MapHC battle on the Marne; â 3a BepJirin
battle;
theatre [cinema];
a concert; ticket for 2. card (a document, certificate); npo4)coK)3HHft trade -union card; MJiencKHH membership card; <0> npHrjiacHxejibHbiH invi-
uepT
battle for Berlin.
6htk6m [bîtkom] adv:

Ha6HTbift
packed; 3aJi 6biJi tation card. Ha6HT the hall 6Mjiacb was packed to capacity. 6HJ1CSI [bîls^'a], [hollas*', -z^] see 6HTbCH. 6HTb [bît^] imperf 6bio, eHHOKjijb [bînokl^] m -h, 6bemb, p 6hji, imp 6eH, no-eS: noJiCBOH b field-glass; 6H|Tb [pAbît**] perf no6bK), TeaTpaJibiTbiH imp no6eH, b opera-glass. no6beuib, p -ji, 6hht [bînt, -d] m -a, -6b npo6H|Tb [prAbît''] perf npobandage; HajiojKHib band- 6beT, p -JI 1. (no6HTb) beat, thrash, drub; 2. {no perf) age, dress. no JiHuy strike [bîntAvat^] beat, strike; SHHTloeaTb b 6aimperf -yio, -yeiiib, p -oeaji, in / across the face; imp -yH, 3ai6HHTOBaTb [za- pa6aH beat a drum; 3. {no bîntAvat''] bandage, perf) fig combat; no hcaoperf ciaTKaM combat shortcomdress; [bîAgrafîys] ings;4. {no perf) slaughter(ca^ 6Horpa(t)Hlsi -H, -H biography. tie); 5. (no6HTb) break {plates, /. {no perf) gush out, CHOJior [b^'iobk, -g] m -a, etc); 6. -OB biologist. spurt {of water, blood, etc); 6HOJi6rH|$i [bîAlogîya] f 7. (npo6HTb) sound {alarm); strike, chime; nacbi 6bioT ceMt -H biology. 6HpiKla [bîrzha] / -h, ~ the clock is striking seven; exchange {the place where TpCBory 1) sound the alarm; business is transacted by bro- 2) fig raise an alarm; otkers, e/c); 4)6HAOBa5i --a stock 66h 1) mil give the last-post exchange; TOBapHan --a com- signal; 2) fig beat a retreat; B jiaAouiH clap one's modity exchange; ~a Tpyâ <> labour exchange; Mepnan â hands; -- no KapMany col hit illegal currency exchange. hard; cost a pretty penny; 6aK;iyuiH col [bîrmanîtj, twiddle 6HpMaHleu -dz] m -ua, -ucB Burmese. one's thumbs. [bîttsa] 6HTbCJi imperf 6HpMaHCK|HH [bîrmansk**iy] a -aH, -oe, -He Burmese. 6bKx:b, 6beuibCH, p 6hjich, 6h6hc [b'îs, -z] int encore!; jiacb, imp 6eHCH, 6eHTecb 1. HcnoJiH^Tb [nexb, nrpaxb u fight, struggle, battle; 2. m. n.] Ha ~ perform [sing, knock, strike, batter {against smth, repeatedly); 3. //^strugplay, etc] an encore. 6uTB|a [b^'itva] / -u, ^ gle {with), contend {with);
cram-full,
-- 19 -~
6ji
HaA
peiueHHeM
aaâ^H
safely;
Bce
KonqHJiocb
-'
struggle with a problem; 4. beat, pulsate; cepûe 6beTcyi the heart 'is beating;
everything wel
1
ended
happily/
06 saKjiaA bet. 6h4 [bîch^, -j^'] m -a, -efi 1. whip, lash; 2. //gr scourge. 6jiar|o [blaga] n -a, pi -a, '-, -aM good (s/7i//z contribut<>
6jiarono;iyHH|biH [blagapA luch^niy] a sh f 6jiaronoJiy qeH, -a, -o, -bi happy {end, etc)', safe {arrival, etc).
ing to welfare, happiness, etc); blessing; MaxepHaJibRbie ~a

material wealth; êjiaw BaM
Bcex/BCHKHX
wish
you
the best of luck, I wi'sh you every happiness. 6jiaroAaplHTb [blagadArît^] imperf -16, -Huib, p -hji, imp -H, no:6jiaroflapHTb [pabbgadArît^î perf thank; <> ~ib sac! thank you! 6jiaroAapHOCTlb [blagAdarnas^'t^,
1.
6jiaronpH^TH|biH [bbga prîyatniy] a sh f 6jiaronpHH Ten, -a, -o, -bi favourable fair {weather, etc). 6jiaropa3yMHlbiH [bbgarA zumniy] a sh f 6jiaropa3yMeH -a, -o, -bi sensible, reasonable prudent.
6jiarop6flH|biH [bbgArod 6jiarop6;ieH, -a -o, -bi noble {1) action, etc; 2) birth, etc; 3) metal).
niy] a sh f
ejiarocKjiOHHOCTlb
sklonnas'^t'',
-z'^d^]
/
[i)bgA-h fa-
-z^d''] / -h, pi -h, -efi
gratitude;
qyBCTBO
~h
(feeling of) gratitude; ne ctoHT -H don't mention it; 2. pi
thanks.
6jiaroflapfl[bl9g8dArâ] prep dat denoting reason, cause, dependence on smb's help thanks to; owing to; h noJiyqHJi sry KHHry BaM got this book thanks to I you; xopomeft noroê sk-
with
vour, goodwill; npoHBJiHTb b K KOMy-ji. favour smb; noJibsoBaxbCH qbeft-ji. bio stand high in smb's favour. 6jiarococTOHHle [bbgasastAyanîya] n -h well-being, welfare; nojiHHTb -e raise the well-being. CjiaroycxpoeHHlbiH [bbgaustroyanniy] a [pa] comfortable, well-appointed; an iCBapTHpa well-built modern
npoiiijia yâwHO apartment. thanks to the fine weather 6jiaeHCTBlo [blAzhenstva] the excursion was a success; n -a bliss; HcnbiTbmaTb ~o TOMy, HTO... owing to be in perfect bliss; 6biTb Ha -O' the fact that..., thanks to Bepxy a be in the sevthe fact that... enth heaven. 6jiaHK [blank, -g] m -a, -ob 6jiaronojiyHH|e [bbgapAluch^'iya] n -h prosperity, well- (printed) form; hhctbih -being. blank form. 6jiaronojiyHHO 6jieAH|eTb [bl^'i^dnêt^] im[bbgapAluch^na] adv well, happily, perf -eio, -eeiub, noiSjieAHexb
CKypcHH
6jie
SO
6J1H3K HH [bl^'isk'îy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f 6.ih3ok, -a, -o, -H (-h) 1. near {not far); na paccxoHHHH at a short
[pablî^dnêt^] grow perf pale; pale (a/so fig)\ 6jieAHeTb
OT CTpaxa with fear.
turn
white /pale
~0M
"
SjiCAHlbiH [blêdniy] a sh f 6;ieAeH, -a, -o, -u (-b'l) pale, colourless. 6jiecK [blêsk, -zg] -a 1. brilliance, brightness; glitter {of metals); 2. fig brilliance (0/ the mind, etc). 6jiecH!yTb [bl'î^snut^] perf
distance; at close range; 2. dear, intimate {friend, etc); ~jie JiioAH the dear ones; 3. accurate, faithful {copy, etc); HH nepcBOA close transla-
tion.
-y, -euib, p -yji, {also fig); ^yjia
imp
-\\
flash
mojihhh the lightning flashed; --yxb snaa brilliant

dis-
HHHMH make
play of one's knowledge; y Hero ^yjia MbicJib an idea flashed across his mind;y Hero '-yjia HaAejKâ there was a flash / ray of hope.
ejiecTJexb [bl^'i^s^têt^] imperf 6jiemy, -Huib (6jiemeiub), p -eji, imp -h sparkle,
6J1H3KO [bPiska] adv near, 3HaK) I know him intimately. [blîz^nH^tsf] 6jiH3Heu|bi -a) pi -OB {sing Sjihshcu -ob twins; xpoe [nexBepo] triplets [quadruplets]. 6jiH30pyK|HH [blîzArukîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f ^, -a, -o, -H short-sighted {also fig).
close; H ero
6.JiH30cxlb [bPizas^t*', -z^'d'^J

/ 2.
-H
1.
closeness, proximity;
intimacy.
6jihh [blîn]
-a,
-6b pan-
shine
metals,
{also
etc);
is
fig);
glitter
{of
yMOM he
sh^'iiy]
oh He Sjiemex no genius.
[blî^s^tâ-aH, -ee, -He
cake; <> nepebiH
komom
prov
you must spoil before you
6jiecTHm]HH a [pa]
spin.
6jiok I [blok, -g] technol pulley. 6jiok II [blok, -g] -OB bloc. [bUkads] 6jioKaA|a
-a,
-ob
a,
brilliant {also fig); --ne r;ia3a sparkling eyes. 6jiH)KaHUi|HH [bl^'izhayshty] a -aH, -ee, -ne 1. superl of
m
/
-u
6jih3khh;
2.
next, immediate;
b...
npHHHMaxb ~ee yqacxHe
take a personal interest in... 6jiHe [blîzhi^] comp of 6;iH3KHH & corresp adv. 6jih3 [blîs^, -z^] prep with gen denoting close vicinity, position close to smth: - AOMa near the house, close to the house; ;top6rH just off the road.
blockade. Sjigkhox [bUknot, -d] m notebook, writing-a, -OB

-pad. 6J10HAHH [blAn^'dîn]
-a,
-OB blond. 6jiOH;iMH|Ka [bUn^dînka] / -KH, -OK blonde. gjioxja [bUkha] / -h, pi 6ji6xh, -, -aM flea. 6jiy)Kfllaxb [bluzhdat^'l im-
21
-yft
6oJi
perf -aK), -aeiiib roam, wander. -bi, 6jiy3|a [bluza] / blouse. gjiyaJKa [blusks] / -kh, -ok
imp
stay up {the night); [Dodriy]
keep awake; be awake.

eoApjbiH
~,-,a,-o,
-bi (-bi)
a sh f cheerful; brisk
{pace, etc).
blouse {worn by women).

[blûda] n -a, pi -a, --, -aM 1. dish (1) container, 2) a kind of food); 2. course {of a meal).
6jiid;i|o
Sjiibfliue
[bl^'uttsaj
-ua,
pi -ua, -eu, -uaM saucer. -6b 6o6 [bop, -b] -a, bean {plant and seed); get <> ocxaTbCfl Ha ^slxcoI nothing for one's trouble. -pa, -poB 6o6|ep [bAbôr]
6oeB|6H [bayi^voy] a 1. battle {attr), combat {attr)', b 'OH roTOBHocTH iu combat readiness, combat-ready; ~6h Ayx fighting spirit, morale; 2. bellicose; militant; <> ~6e KpemcHHC baptism by
fire;
~6h napCHb co/
go-ahead
fellow.
-a, -6b beaver {an animal). -a, pi 6or [bokh, -gh] -H, -6b god; <0> ere snaex! God knows!; c to66h! l)God bless you!; 2) nothing of the kind! 6oraTCTB|o [bAgatstva] n riches; 2. 1. wealth, -a, magnificence, richness. 6oraT|biH [bAgatty] a sh f '-.-a, -o, -bi rich {1) people; 2) harvest, etc; 3) ornamentaaa yrjieM tion, etc); cTpana, a country rich in coal. 6oraTbip|b [bagAtlr^] m -n, -eft 1. hero {in legends); 2. fig a man of exceptional strength,
beaver {fur). 6o6p [bobr]
66eK [b6y8k, -g] see 66hKHH. 66eH [boyan] see 66hhh. 6oeu [bAyetj, -dz] m 6oHua,
pi 6oHUbi, 6ohu6b soldier {an enlisted man).
v^mniy] a sh
-a,
-o,
-bi
6o)KecTBeHHlbiH [bAzhes^'t''f 6o>KecTBeH,

divine.
6oH [boy]
6oH,
m
1.
66h
(66io), pi
6oeB
battle,
fight,
action, combat; 2.: 6apa6aHnaHbiH -- beat of drum; c6b striking of a clock,
chimes.
eoHKJHH
-oe,
[b6ykîy]
-an,
sh f 66eK, -a, -o, 1. smart, brisk; sharp -H {fellow); 2. glib {speech, etc); 3.: ~a5iT0pr6BJiH brisk trade; --an yjiHua busy street.
-He,
6ohk6t
boycott.
[bAykot,
-d]
-h,
-a
athlete.
6oraTbiH
/ tality).
Sorane [bAgachî] comp of & corresp adv. 66ApocT|b [bodras^'t^, -z^d^] -H cheerfulness; vigour {vi-
66hh|h [b6ynâ] /
1.
66eH
slaughter-house; 2. slaughter, massacre. SoHTecb [b6ysâ], 66hc$i

[boytîs'', -z^] see 6oHTbC5i.
SoApcTB OBaxb [bodrsty vat*"]

j
imperl
-yio,
-yeuib,
-osaji,
[bAytja], 6ohu6b 6oHua [bAytsof, -vj see 6oeu.
6oK 6oK [bok,

'3,
-g]
22
eojioTJo
[bAlota]
-a (-y),p/
-a,
-CB
side
{of the
of an object); no ~aM sides; foK 6 6oK side by side; noa, 60KOM col quite near. 6oKaji [bAkal] tn -a, -ob glass, goblet.
body or on both
bog,
-aio,
swamp.
Cokob|6h [bakAvoy] a
lat-
eral; side (attr); <> aji KaHKa naut rolling. foKOM [bokam] adv side-
axb I [bAltat^j imperf -aeiub dangle {legs, etc). 6ojiTiaTb II [bAltat^] imperf -aK), -aemb col chatter, babble, prattle; âTb B3A0p talk nonsense. 6ojiT|aTbCR [bAltattja] imperf -aKDCb, -aembCH col 1. dangle {from a string, etc); hang loosely {of clothes, etc);
60JIT
2.
ways. 60KC [boks, -gz] boxing. GoKcep [bAks^'or]
lounge, loiter.
-ji
m
m
-a sport
6ojiTOBH|fl [baltAvn''a] / col chatter, idle talk.
-a,
-ob
boxer, pugilist. [bAlgar^'in] m 6ojirapiHH Bulgarian. -HHa, pi -bi, 6ojirapcKJHH [bAlgarskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Bulgarian. fojiee [bolîya] arfy used to form comp: ,-~ KpacHBbiii more HHiepecHo more beautiful; interesting; ~ npocToft sim-
6o.iib [boP] / -H, -eft pain {physical, mental). eojibtMua [bAl^nîtja] / -bi, hospital {for care of the sick).
66jibHO [bol'^na]
{hurt
II
oneself, hit impers predic:
adv badly smb, etc);
mhc
~
me
it
hurts;
~?
does
it
it
hurt?;MHe
to
BiiAexb...
CojibHloii
grieves
pler;
<C>
see...
~
~
HjiH
less;
MCHee more or Toro moreover; tcm
~,
HTO... all
since...; kc
the more so mcm not more
than. 6ojie3HeHH'biH [bAlêz^n^mniy] a sh f 6oJie3iieH, -a, -o, -bi 1. sickly {person)) 2. painful.
I a sh {no n), -u sick {in poor health); bad {heart, tooth, etc); sore {eye, etc); 11 as a noun 6ojibH|6H -oro, -bix invalid, patient; <> ~6h Bonpoc sore / burning subject / question; ~-6eMecT0 sore spot.
[bAPnoy]
f 66jieH,
-a,
GojiesHlb
-eft
[bAl^'ez^'n'*]
-h,
illness; disease.
I
fiojiiexb
[bAêt'']
imperf
-eio, -eeuib 1.
be
ill;
2. fig col
root {for a sports team, etc). gojijeTb II [b\\êi^] imperf -HT, p -eji ache, hurt; mo y sac I'lT? where do you
feel
Cojibiue fbol'^shi^j of 6oJibUi6H; (I comp of MHoro; \\\ in neg sentences: no more; no longer;
comp
He
not...
any
more; h ~ Ty;ia He shan't go there any I ne 6yAy more again;

noftAV
/
pain?
won't
do
it
again;
'
23
Bcero most of
best
6pa
<>
'-'
all;
of all.
6ojibujHHCTB|6 [bal^shinstv6] n -a majority {greater part); noAasJiHiomee ' 6 over-
-HCb, -HTecb struggle, combat; 2. sport wrestle. 6opT [bort, -d] -a, pi -a, -OB side, board {of a ship);
-ojiacfa,
1.
imp
fight,
whelming majority.
6ojibm|6H [bAl^'shoy] a -an,
-6e,
-He
1.
big, large {in size,
y on board; Bbi6pocHTb 3a 6opT throw overboard {also 3a ~om man fig); qeJiOBCK
Ha
volume, etc); great {of more than ordinary size, extent, duration, etc); 2. great {important, eminent, illustrious);
overboard. 6opb6ia
I.
[bAr^ba]
struggle;
2.
-bi
fight,
sport
wrestling.
^ aH
ters.
6yKBa capital letter; HMH 6yKBaMH in block let66m6\&

[bomf
a] /
6ochk6m
barefoot.
[bas^'ikom]
adv
-w,
bomb
6oM6apAHpjoBaTb p
-osaJi,
[bambar-
dîrAvat^] imperf -yK), -yeuib,
imp
-yfl
bomb; bom[bambar-a,
bard {also
fig).
-g]
SoMSapAHpoBiUHK
d'îrofsh^'-.ik,
[bAsoy] a sh f ^, barefooted. [basAnoshk^'ij 6ocoh6>k|kh pi -eK {sing 6ocoH6H(K|a / -h) sandals {light summer footwear) eoxamiKla [bAtanîka] / -h botany.
6oc16h
-o,
-a,
-bi
m
-dz]
-ob
-ua,
av bomber. 6op|eu [bArêts,
-UOB 1. champion {a defender of another or of a cause); fighter {one who fights); ~eu
3a
2.
66thk|h [bdtîkî] pi -ob {sing 66thk -a) high (rubber) overshoes. 6othh|kh [bAtînk^'i] pi -ok {sing 6othh|ok -Ka) boots;
MHp
peace
champion;
sport wrestler.
high shoes. 66m |Ka [boch^'ka] barrel, cask.
US
/ -kh,
-eK
perf
6oK)cb [bAyus'', -z^],6oHiiib6opMOT|aTb [barmAtat^] im6opMoqy, SopMOMCUib, p ca [bAishsâ] see 6oHTbCH. -aJi, 6on3H{b fbAyaz^n^] / -h imp 6opMoqH mutter,
mumble.
6opoflla [barAda] / -bi, ace 66po;^y, pi 66pOAbi, 6op6A, -aM beard {on a man's chin).
dread, fear. 6onTbcsi [bAyattsa] imperf 60K)Cb, ÔHUIbCH, p SOHJICH, 6oHJiacb, imp 66hch, SoHTecb
^GpoAaBJKa
-KH,
[barAdafka]
-OK wart.
-bi, pi -aM furrow
be afraid, fear; BaM neqero you have nothing to fear.
6opo3;tla [barAzda] /
66po3;;bi, 6op63A,
6pa3Hji|eu, [brAzîlîtj, -dz]
{made by plough).
-loci?,
6opl6TbCJi [bArotlja] imperf OopepibCH, p -ojicji,
-bua, -bues Brazilian. [brAzîl^SpasHjibCKJHH skîy] a -aH, -oe, -ne Brazilian-
6 a
24
~
{to
6paK I [brak, -g] -a, -ob marriage,- wedlock. 6paK II [brak, -g] -a damaged or defective articles, spoilage. 6paH|MTb [brAnh't^] imperf -10, -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H scold {a child, etc); abuse {use bad
3a perf also take hold of; pyKH join hands; 2. under-
take
get
do
to,
smth.,
task);
down
start.
6peBH|6 [brî^vno] n -a, pi 6peBHa, 6peBeH, 6peBHaM log {of wood). 6peA [brêt, -d] m -a 1. delirium;
2.
language).
6pacjieT [brAS^lêt, -d] a, -OB bracelet, bangle. -a, pi 6paT [brat, -d] -bH, -bCB brother; ABOibpoAcousin. HbiH Spaxb [brat^] imperf 6epy, 6epeiiib, p 6paJi, 6paJia, 6paJio, 6paJiH, imp 6epH, BSjiTb [vzât^] perf B03bMy, Bosb-
fig
col
gibberish.
6peA|HTb [brêd'ît^] imperf 6pe>Ky, -Hiub, p -HJI be delirious,
rave.
[brêzgat''] imperf -aio, -aeuib 1. be squeamish; 2. in neg sentences: oh
Spesrlaxb
He
aeT ^
HHKaKHMH cpeACTto
BaMH he does not scruple use any means.

a sh
f
,
Meiiib,
p
1.
B3HJI,
BSHJia,
imp
SpesrjiMBibiH [brî^zgPivty]
-a,
-o,
-bi
take {1) get hold material, of, grasp; 2) time, etc; 3) the blame, responsibility, etc; 4) charge by way BsaflMbi borof payment); row, obtain on loan; 2. hire,
B03bMH
squeam-d]
ish, fastidious,
6pe3eHT [brî^zênt,
-a
tarpaulin.
employ; upper <> ~- Bcpx take the hand; ~ npHMep c Koro-Ji. example; - follow smb's oneself B pyKH pull ceSfl -- cboh cJiOBa o6together; paxHO eat one's words; Koro-Ji. Ha nopyKH bail smb out; saBOA bbhji ero Ha nopyKH he was remanded in
the care of the plant. 6paTbC5i [brattja] imperf 6epycb, 6epembCH, p 6paJicH, CpaJiacb, 6paji6cb, 6paJiHCb, imp 6epHCb, 6epHTecb, BSflibca [vz^'attja] perf sosbMycb, B03bMeilIbCH, p B3HJ1CH, B3HJiaCb,
6peMl5i [brêmâ] n -chh burden, load. SpejCTM [brî^s^tî] imperf
-Ay, -Aeuib, p 6peJi, -Jia, imp -AH a concrete movement in a definite direction [cf 6poAHTb I] plod, trudge; stroll.
epCH [br^'ey]
see
6pHTb.
6peHCS! [brêysâ], SpeHrecb [brêytîs^, -z^] see 6pHTbCH. [br'êyu], 6peK) Speeiub [brêyash, -zh] see 6pHTb. 6peK)Cb [br'êyus^], Speeujbcfl [brêyashsâ] see 6pHTbc5i.
6pHraA|a [brîgada] f -u, brigade {also mil); team {a group of people); crew {on
'
a train).
l^'yant, -d]
imp B03bMHCb, B03bMHtouch {with the hand);
6pHJiJiHaHT, 6pHJibsiHT [br^'i-a, -ob diamond,
Tecb
1.
brilliant.
25
5ya
6pHTaHCK|HH [brîtansk^'iy] 6poclaTbCfl [brAsattsa] im-aiocb, -aeiubCH, perf 6p6a -an, -oe, -He British. 6pMTB|a [br^'itva] / -bi, clHTbcsi [brosîttja] perf 6p6razor; 6e3onacHaH -a safety UiyCb; -HUIbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiacb, imp -bCH, -bxecb 1. {no 6pHTb [brît^] imperf 6peio, perf): ~-aTbCH qeM-Ji. (Apyr e 6peeiiib, p 6pHJi, imp 6peH, Apyra) throw smth at each noi6pHTb [pAbrît^] perf siiave other; 2. throw oneself {at / upon smb, smth, into smb's {remove hair). epHTbca [brîttâ] imperf arms, etc); rush {to smb's 6peK)Cb, 6peembCH, p 6pHJiCH, aid, etc); ~aTbCH 6e>KaTb imp 6peHCH, 6peHTecb, noj- take to one's heels; [pAbrîttsa] SpMTbCJi perf 0 axbcsi AeHbraMH squander money; axbCH b rjiasa shave {oneself). 6poB|b [brof'', -v^] / -H, pi leap to the eye. 6p6cHXb see 6pocaxb. -H, -eft eyebrow; 6p6cHXbC5i see 6pocaxbCH 2. <> nonacTb He b ~b, a b rjias 6p6ui|Ka [broshka] / -kh, hit the nail on the head. 6pOA fbrot,-cl] m-a(-y)ford. -eK brooch. 6poiiiK)p|a [brAshura] / -u, 6po;i|HTb I [brAd^'it^] imperf 6po}Ky, 6p6;tHuib, p -hji, booklet, pamphlet. SpycHHKJa [brus^nîka] / -h imp -H [c/ 6pecTH] wander,
razor.
i-oam,
stroll.
red bilberry.
6pbi3|raxb 6pOAiHTb II [brAdît^] im->Ky perf 6p6AHT, p -HJI chem fer- perf (-raeuib), p ment.
[brlzgat^j
(-raK)),
-raJi,
im-
-:einb
imp
-mn
[brAdâga] m tramp; US hobo. ^poHsja [bronza] / bronze (ij an alloy; 2)
6poflflria
-h,
(-ran),
(5pbi3H|yxb
[brlznut'']
-bi
work or
works
of
art
made
-d]
P^ff -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -h splash, sprinkle; HCKpbi jKyx sparks are flying. 6pK)KB|a [brûkvaj -bi /
of bronze).
swede.
6poHXHT [brAnkhît,
-a
bronchitis. Spocjaxb [brAsat^]

-aeuib,
6pK)KH [brûkî] trousers; slacks.

-a,
pi
6pioK
imperf
-aio,
s'ît^]
-KJi,
6p6c{HTb
perf
-h
imp
2.
i
1.
6p6my, throw
{objects,
[bro-Huib, p (a stone,
6pK)Hex [brûnêt, -d] m -OB dark(-haired) man. 6pioHex|Ka [brûnêtka] / -KH, -OK brunette, dark
(-haired)
etc);
hurl
abuse,
woman.
etc);
6yr|6p [bugor] abandon, desert (oAie's family etc); 3. give up {an hillock, mound. idea, bad habit, etc); drop 6.yAex [bud'ît,
{doing smth);
^
6bixb;
II
-pa,
-d]
-poe
I
see
-âxb BbisoB challenge.
adv
col
that'll do,
that's
Syn
^%^
^
6yK
beech.
[buk,
-g]
Te6e oJiaKaTb! enough; there, there, stop crying. 6yAMjibHHK [bud'îl^nîk, -g] -a, -OB alarm-clock. 6yA|HTb [bud^'it^] imperf 6y>Ky, 6yAHmb, p -hji, imp -h, pa3:6yflHTb [razbiidît^] perf wake (up), awaken (also fig). SyAJKa [butka] / -kh, -ok box, cabin, booth; TeJie(i)6HHaH
m
/
-a,
-ob
eyKamJKa [bukashka]
-eK small insect
/ -kh,
beetle.
SyKBJa
FJiaBHaH
letter.
/
letter {of the

tal letter;
[bukva] / -bi, alphabet); sa-
nponHCHaH ~a capicxpoqnaH ~a small
-^Ka telephone box /booth. 6yAH|H [bud^'nî] pi -eft 1. week-day(s); 2. fig routine,
6yKBajibHbiH [bukval^niy] a literal, word for word.
6yKBap|b
-efl
[bukvar'']
-h,
monotony (of daily 6yRT0 [butta] cj
life, etc).
1.
school primer, ABC-book. SyKCT [bukêt, -d] m -a,
as
if,
-OB
I.
as though; OH MOJimix,
hh<C>
bouquet {of flowers). 6yKCHp [buks^'ir] m -a, -ob

tugboat;
2.
qero He snaex he is silent as if he didn't know anything; 2. introducing object clauses and denoting doubt, roBOp^T, oh uncertainty: 66jieH he is alleged to be ill; he is ill; oh toboit seems OH HanHcaji sxy pHT, CTaxbib he professes to be the author of the article; 6bi allegedly; supposed<> as if, as though. ly; KaK 6yAy fbudu], 6yjiemb [bu-
towing-line; take in tow. 6yjiaB|Ka [bulafka] / -kh, -OK pin {1) a pointed instrument; 2) an ornament); 6e3onacHaji --Ka safety <C> pin. eyjiJKa [bulka] / -kh, -ok
BSHTb Ha
kind of bread); CAcSnaa bun. 6yjiOMH|afl [bubch^naya] f -OH, -bix baker's, bakery.
roll {a
~Ka
Syjibsap [bul^var]
-a. -ob
d^'ish,
-zh]
see 6biTb.
I
-an,
a 6yflym|HH [budush^riy] -He future; next ee,
{day, week, etc); II as a noun 6y;;ym|ee n -ero the future. [budush'':6yftymH0CT|b -z^'d'*] future nas^'t^, -h / {chance of success).
boulevard. 6yjibBapH|wH [buPvarniy] a cheap, pinchbeck {literature, novel, etc); ~-aH npecca
gutter press.
6yj!b6H [bul'^yon] broth, clear soup.
-a,
-ob
6yAb
6y)Ky
[but'',
-d'']
see 6br;b.
6yMar|a [bumaqa] / -h, ^ paper {1) for writing, etc; 2) a document);

<>
[buzhu] see 6yAHTb. 6yHH|MH [buyniy] a sh f 6yeH, -a, -o, -bi wild {boy,
etc);
u,eHHbie
-a,
~H
securities.
-g]
6yMa>KHHK [bumazhn^'ik,
-ob pocket-book, wallet.
violent
{behaviour, pasetc).
sions,
growth,
6yMa<HbiH I [bumazhniy] a paper {napkin, etc).
-- 27
dbt
CyMajKHMH
cotton
fabric.
-LI,
II
[bumazhniy] a
of cotton
(attr),
made
6yui|eBaTb [busht^vat''] imperf -yK), -yeuib, p -esaji, imp -yft rage, storm {also fig).
[bi], 6 [b, p] part I 6bi 6yHT [bunt, -d] m -a, pi used with verbs in the past -oB riot, mutiny. 6yHT|pBaTb [buntAvat^] im- tense and in the infinitive perf -yio, -yeuib, p -OBaJi, to form the conditional-subjunctive mood denoting 1. an imp -yft revolt, rebel. 6ypaH [buran] m -a, -os action which might take or might have taken place under blizzard.
GypwyasMlsi [burzhuAzîya]
/ -H bourgeoisie.
certain conditions: h nomeji
6u
6yp)Kya3H|biH [burzbuazniy] a sh f 6yp}Kya3eH, -a, -o, -fai bourgeois. imperf eypJHTb [burîf*]
-K),
-Hiub,
-HJi,
imp
-H
ceroAHH BeqepoM Ha ciaAHOH, ecJiH 6u y mchh 6biJio BpeMH I'd go to the stadium tonight if I had time; ecJiH 6 h snaJi 3T0, H 6bi HasecTHJi ero Bêpa known it I'd have if I had
visited him yesterday; 2. an action planned or desired'.. H 6bi c yAOBOJibCTBHeM nomejl
B
bore, drill (a hole).
6ypH|biH 6ypeH, -a,
[burnty] a sh f -o, -u 1. stormy^ violent {also fig); 2. impetuous; rapid {development etc) Syplbiii [buriy] a sh f ~,
,
TeaTp saBxpa I'd gladly go
to the theatre
tomorrow; h
6bi
-a,
-o,
-u:
-bift
MeABe^b
brown brown
bear; ~biH yroJib coal. [burâ] -h, -b 6yplJi / storm, tempest. 6ycbi [bust] pi 6yc beads (a necklace). 6yTep6p6fl [buterbrot, -d]
-a,
I'd like to have some more tea; 3. a suggestion, wish, invitation, mild order, request, advice: Bbi 6bi cejiH you'd better sit
eme
Bb'mHJi
naio
down; won't you
sit
down?;
-OB sandwich;
-^ c cbi-
poM cheese sandwich.

6yTbiJilKa [buttlka] / -kh, -OK bottle. 6y4)ep [bufîr] -a, p/ -a, -OB buffer {also fig).
take a seat, please; noHHiaJi 6bi Tbi KHHry I suggest you should read a book; noexaTb 6w JieTOM K MopK)! I wish could go / 1 went to the I
seaside, in
II
summer!;
forming part of indefinite m pronouns: kto 6bi hh whoever; HTO 6bi HH wliatever; fac 6u 6y(j)eT [buf'et, -d] m -a, HH wherever {denoting posi-OB buffet {1) a sideboard; tion); KyAa 6bi hh wherever {denoting direction);. 2) a special counter) KorAa 6yxr:'jiTep [bukhgalt^jr] m 6bi HH whenever; kto 6bi hh -a, -OB book-keeper. npHuieJi whoever comes; mo SyxTja [bukhta] / -u, -- 6bi HH cJiyqHJiocb whatever bay {in a shore, coast). happens.
6bIB
28
parent h: 6biBajio [bivala] OH, -, âcTo npHxoAHJi he often used to come, he would often come. [bWat^] impsr 6biB|aTb -aio, -aeiub 1. happen, occur; go 2. be sometimes present; to a place {from time to time); xeaipe] 3. take place, be held {of meetings, competitions, etc); KaK HH B MCM HC ~aJIO C> though nothing were the matKoro-Ji.
[b
visit
~aTb y smb
ecTb 6paT he has a brother; y Hero 6biJio mhofo pa66Tbi Bwepa he had much work to do yesterday; 3. happen, occur; 3T0 6biJio Bêpa it happened yesterday; BMepa 6biJia was a storm rposa there yesterday; saBxpa 6yAeT co6paHHe there will be a meeting
[the theatre];
ter.
6biBm|HH [btfshty]
[pa]
-an, -ee, -ne former, late; ex-.
tomorrow; coSpanne 6yAeT saBTpa the meeting will be held tomorrow; 4.: ~ BbiHy>KAeHHbiM be obliged {to do smth); ~- B cocTOHHHH CAejiaxb qxo-Ji. be able to do smth; -^ CBHAexeJieM qero-ji. witness smth;
all right, let it <> THK H be so; KaK ~? what's to be done?; 6yAb hto SyAei come
6biK [btk, -g] -a, -6b bull {the male of beef cattle).
6biji
[bil],
6biJia [bila]
see
6bITb.
6biJio
what may.
[b+'b] see 6biTb.
6bio [b^yu], 6betub [b^yosh, [bib] part nearly; on -zh] see 6HXb. 6bK)Cb [b^yus^, -z^], 6beujbthe point of; qyxb -~ He alcfl most, nearly. [b^yoshs^s] see 6HXbCH. 6bicTpOT|a [bistrAta] / -b'l SioAHcex [bûdzhet, -d] m quickness; speed (a swift -a, -OB budget {of a country, movement). family, etc) 6K)jijiexeH|b 6biCTp|biH [btstrty] a sh f [bûPi^tên'^] ~, -a, -o, -bi quick, rapid, m -H, -eft 1. bulletin; 2. votswift {current, development ing-paper; 3. medical certifietc). cate {given to a person on 6biT [bit, -d] m -a mode of sick-leave); 6bixb Ha e be
6bi,;io
daily life. 6biTb [bit^] imperf 3rd person sing ecTb, p 6biJi, 6biJia, 6bi;io, 6biJiH, fut 6yAy, 6yfleiiib, imp 6ynb 1. be {1) somewhere, in a certain state, condition, etc; 2) a link-verb);
life;
on
sick-list.
6K)p6 [bûro] n indecl bureau {an office). SropoKpax [bûrAkrat, -d]
-a,
-OB bureaucrat. 6k)cx [b^'ust, -zd]
-a, -ob
bust.
SiqcTrajibTep
he was at home; was ill; oh 6biJi pa66qHM he was a worker; 2. have (possess); y nero
OH OH
6biJi
ji,6Ma
[bûzgal^ter]
/
6biJi
66jieH he
-OB brassiere. -z^] [bâs^, Sflsjb coarse calico.

-a,
-K
29
B
B [v, f], BO [vo; in the first va; in the pretonic position second and other pretonic poV9] prep I with ace sitions 1. denoting an action or movement into'. BOHTH B KOMHaTy go into a room; come into a room; bohth bo ABop go into the yard; come into the yard; noJio^KHTb b hiuhk put in a box; npnexaTb b Khcb arrive in Kiev; 2. denoting movement to, towards a place
knock
at the door; TOJiKnyxb
Koro-Ji. B
rpyAb push smb in
the chest; noueJiOBaib kopo-ji. B jio6 kiss smb 's forehead; 8. denoting periodicity within a certain time: TpH paaa b Hetimes a week; AeJiKD three 9. denoting passage of a thing from one state into another: npeBpaiHTb b... turn into..., change into... / to.. ^.; paaopBaib B KJiouKH tear to bits; xa10. denoting similarity: with the aim of reaching it: paKTepoM B OTua a chip of noexaTb b Mhhck go to the old block; oh secb b MaTb Minsk; yexaTb b FopbKHH he is the very image of his leave for Gorki; 3. denoting mother; 11. used with the word a point of time {hours or days pa3 and comp: b abb pasa two times as high; of the week): b nnTHHuy on Bbime paaa MeHbiue half Friday; b npoiiijiyio [b 6y]\y- B ABa myio] RHTHHuy last [next] (the...); half the size (of); Friday; b xpH Maca at three B HecKOJibKO pas 66jibuie sevo'clock; 4. denoting dimen- eral times as much; several sions, weight: A-^HHOH B TpH times as many; several times MCTpa three metres long; bc- the size (of); b HecKOJibKO times coM B TOHHy weighing a ton; pas MeHbiue several 5. denoting the beginning of less; BO MHoro pas MeHbiue some activity, occupation or many times as little; m.any state into which a person is times as few; many times npuHTH less; 12. denoting purpose: drawn or enters: B oxqaHHHe fall into despair; B uiyTKy in jest; b HaKasanne yrJiy6HTbCH b qTenae get ab- as a punishment; sorbed in reading; BCiynHTb 11 with pr denoting 1. posiB paaroBop enter into a con- tion inside of, within: b komversation; 6. denoting dura- HaTe in the room; b KneBe within certain limits: in Kiev; b A6paMU,eBe at Abtion (3T0 MOJKHO cêJiaTb) B HeAeJiK) ramtzevo; b KJiy6e at the club; (this can be done) within 2. a point or period of time:
a week; 7. denoting an action directed to some place on the cxyK b ABepb ur[ace of:
b stom roAy this [last] year; b hhtom Hacy soon after b
Mapxe
in
March;
[b npouiJiOM]
Bar
30
four and five distance from: copoKa KHJioMexpax ot B MocKBbi within forty kilometres of Moscow; 4. a confour,
between
3.
(o'clock);
Ba3|a [vaza] bowl.
-bi,
vase;
dition,
quality, etc: 6ecnopHAKe in disorder; B B o>KHAaHHH pending; b hht6ejioM in Hax stained; b

state,
Baji I [val] -a, pi -bi, -OB earthen bank. Baji II [val] -a, pi -bi, -OB technol shaft; KOJieHHaibift
crankshaft. BajieHJKH [val^mkî] pi -ok
white, wearing white; b oHKax
Wearing
glasses; 6biTb b y}Ka-
(smg^BajicHloK -Ka) valenki [high boots made of thick soles of the same felt with
material)', xoAHTb wear valenki.
-K),
ce be horrified;
CXaJIO at any price; at all costs. earoH fvAgon] -a, -ob (railway) carriage; (tram-)car;
~Kax
BO
4T0
6W TO HM
6ara>KHbiH luggage van; ;;eTCKHH carriage for children; HcecTKHH hard -seated carriage; KynHpoBaHHbift compartment carriage; mhf-
Baji|HTL I [vAl^'it^l imperf BaJiHuib, p -HJi, imp -H, nojBajiMTb [pavAPit^] per/, cjBajiMTb [svAPit^] perf 1.
2. (cBapile up; 3. (cBajiHTb) fig col blame {smb), lay the blame [on smb)\ <> 'MTb Bce B OAHy Kyny col lump everything togeth-
bring
JiHTb)
down, fell; heap up,
KHH
soft -seated
cnaJibHbiH
-pecTopaH
fljiH
carriage; sleeping-car; dining-car;
er;
~HTb
C 60JIbH6H
rOJlOBbl
KypjimHx smoking-car. BaroHOBOârlbiH [vAgo-
Ha BAopoByK)
at the -HT,
col lay the
blame
wrong door.
navAzhatiy]
tram-driver.
-oro,
-bix
Ba}KHHH|aTb [vazhnîchât^] imperf -aio, -aeuib col put on

airs.
impers [vazhna] important; oMCHb -^ CAe.iaTb 3T0 cerojiHH it is very important to do it today; MToSbi OHa noBHAaJia Hac it is important for her to see us, it is important that she should see us. eaMtHibiH [vazhnty] a sh f Ba>KeH, -a, -o, -w (-bi) 1. important; of consequence; 2. self-important, consequential; grand, pompous.
predic
it
BaHO
is
Baji|HTb II [vAlît*"] imperf noiBajiHTb [pavAl'ît^] perf flock, throng, come in flocks {of people); fall Ireavily {of snow); pour out {of smoke); Hapo^ BajioM - ht the people are coming in
flocks.
Baji|HTbcsi
[vAl^'ittja]
im-
perf -K)Cb, BaJlHUIbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiacb, imp -KCb, -iirecb, nO;BajiMTbCfl [pavAlîttja] perf fall {from a standing position);
HOP col bC C <> ~HTbCSl falling off one's feet; y nero Bce M3 pyK BajiHTcn col h?
is
very inapt
awkward,
total;
31
B6e
BajioB|6H [valAvoy] a gross, ân npoAyKUHJi gross

eajibc [val's, -z]
output.
-a,
-ob
cur-
waltz. BajiibT|a[vAPut9] rency (money).

perf
/ -hi
[vAl^'attsa] imBaji|Tbc$i -Hiocb, -neiubCH 1. wallow, roll about {in the dust,
perf -ibcb, BapHmbC5i, p -iiJicji, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -HTecb, cjBapHTbcsi [svArîttsa] perf be boiling, be cooking; HTbCJI B c66CTBeHHOM <> coKy col stew in one's own juice. Bac [vas, -z] gen, ace ~& pr
of
Bbl.
mud), 2. col loll {lie in a lazy manner); 3. col lie about, be scattered about; lie {be somewhere as the result of
negligence)
.
BacHji|eK [vas^'il^'ok, -g] -bKa, -biToB corn-flower. Baxja [vata] / -bi cotton wool; wadding; najibxo na ~e wadded coat.
BaM [vam] dat of bu, BaMH [vam'î] instr of

BaHHla
[vanna]
/
-bi,
Bbi.
bath; npHHHMaib take a bath.

-bix
have/
BaHHlaa [vannaya] / -oh, bath-room. BapBapcKJHH [varv3rsk**iy]
BaxT|a [vakhta] / -bi, ~ naut watch {time of duty); CTOHTb Ha ~e keep watch, be on duty; 2. fig: xpyAOBan ~a production drive {enthusiastic work on the occasion
1.
[vafPi] pi -Qjib Ba(l)ljiH {sing Bi^ji\a f -h) wafers.
or in
commemoration
of smth);
CTOHTb Ha ~e MHpa take a -aH, -oe, -He barbarous. pi part in the World Peace proBapextlKH [varnish k^î] -eK {sing BapoKKJa / -h) mit- duction drive. [vash, Baiu -zh] tens. pron BapeHHKln [vAr^'en^'ikî] pi poss corresp to Bbi m -ero,
I
-a) va-OB {sing BapcHHK {dumplings reniki stuffed with cherries, tvorog or pota-
toes).
[vArôniy] a boiled, cooked. BapeHbje [vAr^'en^'ya] n -h

BapeHbifl
(-ero), -hm, (o) -cm, Bauia /, Bauie n, Eaum pi your; yours; II as a noun pi -x your people {relatives). Bam a [vasha] pron f -en,
-eiviy,
Bamn
-eft,
-y,
-efi
(-eio),
(o)
-evi
jam (a preserve). BapHaHT [varîant,

-a,
see Baui.
-d]
-OB version, variant. Bap|HTb [vArît^j /mperZ-K),

-HJi,
Baiu|e [vasha] pron n -ero, -eMy, -e (-ero), -hm, (o) -cm

see
Bam.
-(-x),
BapHUJb, p
imp
-H, ciBa1.
BauiH
-M,
pHTb
[svArît**] perf
boil
[vashi] pron pi -mh, (o) -X
-x,
see
{eggs, fish, etc); cook {dinner, etc); 2. found {steel, etc). BapJHTbCfl [VAFîttsa] im-
Bam.
-aio,
B6er|aTb [vb^'i^qat^] imperf -aemb, BSewlaxb [vbî-
B6e
zhat^]
-aji
perf
32
B6ery,
-Huib,
run {into a room, etc); come running, run in. B6eH [vbêy] imp of B6HTb; see B6HBaTb. B6epM [vbî^rî] imp of Bo6paTb; see BSHpaib. eSepy [vbî^^ru], B6epeuib
[vbî^rôsh, -zh] 1st & 2nd persons of Bo6paTb; see b6hpaTb. BSHBJaib [vbîvat^] imperf -aeiiib, BSHxb [vbît^] -aio, perf Bo6bK), Bo6bemb, p b6hji, imp B6eH drive in, hammer {into), hammer in; drive
{into);
p higher place); ~ no JiecTHHue up the stairs; noAKHMaxbCH ~ go up; no^HHXb lift (up), raise (up); 2.: ~ no peKe up the river; ~ no xe-
HoraMH col upside-down; head over heels. BBcpxy [v^vî^rkhu] adv above, overhead; at the top. BBecTH see bboahxb. BBH^y [v^vîdu] prep with gen in view of; xoro, Mxo... in \iew of the fact
that...;
as,
qeHHKD up-stream; <> ~ HHOM col upside-down;
since.
ce6e BSHTb <> col get into one's
rojioBy
BBOMlMTb [vvAdît^] imperf BBO>Ky, BBOAHiub, p -HJi, imp

-H,
head. b6hp aib [vbîrat^] imperf -aeuib, -aio, BoSpaJTb [vabrat*"] perf B6epy, B6epemb,
BRe[cTH
-Aeiiib,
1.
[v^'vî^s^t^'i]
perf
-Ay,
BBeJi, -Jia,
imp
p -Ji, B6epH B6HTb
-Jia,
-Jio,
-JiH,
imp
etc);
absorb
see
{;.vater,
inhale {air).
B6HBaTb.
[vblîzî] I adv b6jih3h near by; near here; paccMax-
introduce, bring in; ~HXb BOHCKa B ropoA bring troops into a town; 2.: ~HXb SKcnJiyaxauHKD put into B operation {a new railway, etc); -HXb B 3a6jiyHÂeHHe mislead, deceive; lead into er-AH
ror.
pHBaib
MTO-Ji.
examine
smth
II
closely;
-^
distance);
gen near {of ot êro-ji. not far from smth, near smth. B6pofl [vbrot, -d] adv: nepexoAHTb (peKy) ford (a
prep with
BB03 [vvos, -z] m -a econ import; imports. BB03|HXb [vvAzît''] imperf BBOHcy, BBosHiiib, p -HJI, imp -Id, BBe3lxM [v^vîVtîj perf -y, -eiub, p BBea, -Jia, imp -H import {goods, etc).
river).
BBCACHHle [v^vî^dênîya]
-ft -H, 1. introduction {bringing into use, knowledge, 2. etc); introduction {a beginning); preface. BBeSTH see BB03HTb.
upwards
place).
1.
BBbicb [wis'', -z^] adv up, higher {toward a

BfJiySb
[vglup^, -b^] adv depthwise; 2. deep {into). BAalBaibCsi [vdAvattsa] im-
1.
perf -K)Cb, -eillbCH, p -BaJICH, BBepx [v^'vêrkh, -gh] adv -BaJiacb, imp -BaftcH, -Baflup, upwards {toward a xecb jut out {into);

<^
33
BCJl
BaibCJi
/
CTH
B AcrajiH
go
noflp66HOinto de-
II
prep with gen
along
{the
street, etc);
tail(s).
<>
[vdalî^kê] adv in the distance. adv in the BiiajiH [vdAlî] ot nero-Ji. far distance;
BiiajicKe
wide
{of -~ HTO-Ji.
nonepCK far and travelling); snarb

H
nonepeK
smth thoroughly,
BAOx
[^dokh,
know know all
the ins and outs of smth.

-08 breath,
JIHTb.
-^ smth; away from smb.
from
ot kofo-ji.
-gh] inhalation.
See
-a,
BAajib
pexb
tance.
[vdal^] adv: cmotlook into the dis-
BAOXHOBHTb
BAOXHOB-
BAOXHOBJi|flTb [vdakhnAVBABoe [vdvoya] adu 1. dou- lât^] imperf -hkd, -Hemb,BAOXble, twice; ^ 66jibme twice HOBlHT-b [vdakhuAVît^] perf as much; twice as many; -^ -jiK), -Hiub, p -HJi, imp -H MCHbiue half (the...); half inspire {put life or force into; -~ TOHbiue rouse). the size (of); BAOXHyTb see BAbixaib. [jiy^me u m. n.\ twice as cjio2.: BApeGearH [vdrêb'izgî] thin [good, etc]; adv 1.: paaSHTb -- smash, HCHTb -^ fold in two. adv shatter; 2. col: ~ nbHH dead [vdvAyom] BABoeM referring to two people: ohh drunk. [Mbi, Bbi] the two of them BApyr [vdruk, -g] adv 1. [us, you]; AaBaflxe cAeJiaeM suddenly; 2. what if; oh 3T0 ~ let's do it togeth- He nosBOHHT? what if he doesn't phone? er. BABOHHe [vdvAynê] adv BAyMaTbcsi see BAyMbieaTb1.
double,
twofold; 2. espe-
CH.
-^
[vdumivaBAyMMBJaTbCJi BAo6aB0K [vdAbavak, ttsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, -g] adv col besides, in addition; BAyMa|Tbcn [vdumattsa] perf -K)Cb, -euibCH, p -JicH, -Jiacb, on top of everything. BAOBJa [vdAva] / -bi, pi /mp -HCH, -HTecb ponder, conBAOEbi, ~, BAOBaM widow. sider carefully. BAbix|aTb [vdikhat^] knperf BAOBJeu [vdAVêtj, -dz] m -aio, -aeuib, BAOxnlyTb [vdAkh-ua, -11,6b widower. BAOBOJib [vdovsl^] adv in nut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, plenty, in abundance; to imp -H inhale, breathe in. one's heart's content. BereTapMaHCKJHH [vîgîtaBAoroHKy [vdAgonku] adv r^'yanskîy] a -an, -oe, -He
cially.
in pursuit of, after {of running, etc). BAOJib [vdol^] I adv length-
vegetarian.
-h:
ways;
BCACHHle [vêd^mîya] n b '-h under the authority (of); under the jurisdic
BCfl
34
Beep [vêyar] -a, pi -a, -6b fan {used by ladies). Be}KjiHB|biH [vêzhlîviy] a sh f '^, -a, -0, -bi polite, courteous, civil. BCSAC [vî^z^'dê] adv every-
tion (o/); within {stub's) province. BeAeHHJe [vî^dên^'iya] n

-h:
~e
ji,ejia
1)
management
of
an affair; 2) law conduct of a case; ê (AoiviauiHero) xo3HHCTBa housekeep-
where.
Bes'iTH
I
ing.
[vî^s^tî]
imperf
BeAH
[v^'i^dî]
see
eecxH.
-y,
-eiiJb,
p Be3,
-Jia,
imp
-h,
BeAOMlo [vêdama]: c ~a nojBearH [pavî^s^tî] perf with (smb's) l<no\vledge; 6e3 a concrete action, movement ~a without {smb's) knowl- in a definite direction [cf boedge, without letting {smb) BMTbj carry {to transport)', know; without (stub's) con- drive {smb in a car, etc);
sent.
draw
[vêdamas^t'',
-H,
{a cart).
BeAOMOCT|b
-z^'d^] / register.
pi -H,
-efl
list,
-a,
BeAOMCTBio [vêdamstva] n ~ department (a branch

pi
of the state government). Be;ip|6 [v^'i^dro] n -a,

pail.
BCApa, BCAep, Be;;paM bucket,

BCity [vî^du], BCfleuib [vî^d^'osh, -zh] see bccth.
BesJTH II [vî^s^tî] imperf -ex, noiBesTH [pavî^s^'tî] perf impers: euy [efl u m. d.] ~eT he [she, etc] is lucky. BCH I [vêy] see Benxb. BCH II [vêy] see bhtb. BCK [v^'ek, -g] m -a (-y), pi -a, -OB 1. century {years); 2. age {a period in history); 3. col life, lifetime; na tboh
XBaxHT
it
"nil
last
your
Be;iym|HH
[pa] -aa, chief, key. BeAb [vêt^, -d**] I part sito SHa(tnostiy intens): Tbi euib you know this, don't
[vî^dush^:iy] a -ee, -He leading,
time;
>KHBM <> live and learn.
~
n
yqMCb prov
-a,
BeKjO [vêkaj
pi
h,
-h,
~, -aM
pi -H,
BCJi
eyelid. BeKcejiib [vêks'îl^]

-efl
you?; but you know this; ho 'stToro He cJivMHJiocb it

didn't happen, did it?; II cj denoting reason, cause:
note of hand; bill of exchange.

[v^'ol],
BCjia
[vî^la]
see BecTH.
OH He npHAGT, ~ OH 66.neH he won't come., he's ill, you know; ne cnopb c hhm ~ oh npae don't argue with him,
he's right, isn't he? BcjibMla [v^'ed^ma]
Beji|eTb
[vî^l^'et'']
-fliiib
perf
Sc
imperf
-H
-k),
2.
-bi,
order, tell ^mth). BCjiHKaH [v^'ilîkan] -OB giant.

BCjiMK HH
-an,
-oe, -He, sh f
p -eji, imp {smb to do
-a,
1.
witch
vixen,
{a
sorceress);
[vî^l**ik'*iy]
col
scold.
^,
-a (-a),
(-H) great -H 1. (-6), {important, remarkable, famous); 2. {only sh f) too big {of clothes, footwear, etc). [vîl'îkABejiHKOAyujH uii dushnty] a sh f BeJiHKOAy-o
I
35
~
-a,
BCp
-ob
m
lief,
fan {for
-bi
ventila1. bereligion,
tion); ventilator.
Bep|a
[vêra] / faith, trust; 2.

[v^'erba]
men, -a, -o, -bi magnanimous, clement, generous.
creed Bep6|a willow.
-bi,
-^
Bep6jiK)fl [vî^rbl'ut,
-d]
BejiHKOJienHlwH [v'llîkA- -a, -ob camel. [v^'irbAvat^] Pepnty] a sh f BennKOJieueK, ^ Bep61oBaTb -yeuib p -obslji, -a, -o, -H splendid; excellent,, imperf -yio, imp -yfi saJBepGoBaTb [zafine. vîrbAvat''] perf recruit {peoBCJiHHecTBeHHlbiH [v'i^l^'ichîs'^t^v^mnty] a sh f bcjih- ple). qecTsen -a, -o, -w majestic, BepeBJKa [v^'i^r^'ofka] / -kh, -OK cord, rope, string; ~Ka grand; magnificent. BejiHHHH|a [vîlîch^'ina] / AJiH 6ejibH (clothes-)line.
pi- BCJiHqHHbi, -bi, eejiHmiH, BeplHTb [v^'erît''] imperf seJiHqHHaM 1. size {extent, -K), -Huib, p-nji, ifnp -b, noiBc[pAVêr^'it^j amount, dimensions, etc); pHTb perf '\.: math 2. value; quantity, ~HTb B Koro-Ji. [bo mo-Ji.] believe in smb [smthj; 2.; magnitude. BcnoroHlKH [v'îlAgonlo] / ~HTb KOMy-Ji. [qeMy-ji.] believe smb [smth]; trust smb; -KH, -OK cycle race.
BejiocHnefl [v''ibsîp'*et, -d]
m
(a
vein blood vessel). BCHrepcKlMfi [v*'i^ng*'erskîy] a -aH, -oe, -He Hungarian.
-OB bicycle. BCHJa [vên8] / -bi,

-a,
take take
KOMy-Jl. Ha CJIOBO smb's words on trust, smb at his word. BepHo [v'êrna] adv 1.
I
~HTb
correctly, right; roBoprixb be right; 2. faithfully, loyally;

II
BCHrp
[v'engr]
-a,
-ob
parenth col probably, most
Hungarian.
BeHecy3Ji|ei;
-dz]
likely; oh,
yexaji he
must
[v^mîsuel'its,
have
left;
-bua,
-bueB Venezue-
lan.
BenecyajibCK |hh [v*'in'*isuel**skîy] a -an, -oe, -ne Venezuelan. BCHHK [vênîk, -g] -a, -ob besom {a broom).
~! quite coBepuieHHO <> right!, quite so! BepHJyxb [vî^rnut''] perf -eiiib, -y, p -yji, imp -h
give back; 2. re1. return, cover, get back; win back; 3. make {smb) return, bring
-ksl, BeHJOK [vM^nok, -g] -KOB wreath; garland, BeHTH.!iHTOp [v^m^'tîPatar]
{smb) back.
[v^'i^rnuttja] BepHlyTbcsi perf -ycb, -eiubca, p -yJica,
Bep
36
-THTecb 1. turn (round), revolve; 2. fidget, move about {in a restless way);
<> TexbCJi B rojioBe col run in one's head / mind {of a
imp -HCb, -HTecb -yjiacb, return, come back; -~yTbCH K Bonpocy return to a question.
-o, -bi (-bi) 1. cortrue, right; 2. faithful, loyal, true; 3. reliable {source,
BepHJbiH BepeH, -a,
[vêrnjyj a
sh f
rect,
etc)',
~oe
cpe^CTBo
unfail-
word, idea, etc); ~xexbc noA col be in the way BepxHKajibHJbiH [v^'irtîkal^niy] a sh f BepxHKajieH, -a,
HoraMH
ing remedy / means; 4. certain (death); sure- (sign); <> HTO -ô, TO --0 there's
no denying that. [vêraBepoHcnoeeAaHHle ispAvêdanîya] n -h. -h religion; denomination {a religious group). eepojioMHlbiH [v'îrAlomniy] a sh f BepoJioMeH, -a, -o, -bi perfidious, treacherous. eepoMTHO [vîrAyatna] parymeji enth probably; oh,
-bi vertical {line, etc). Bepxojiex [vîrtAPot, -d] -a, -OB helicopter. Bep(j}|b [v'êrf^, -v^] / -h,
-o,
shipyard; dockyard. Bepx [vêrkh, -gh] m -a (-y) 1. top {of a house, box, etc); 2; height {of ambition, etc); 6jia>KeHCTBa height
-eft
of bliss;
coeepmeHCTBa the
peak
of
perfection;
probably
he
has
left,
<> OAepaxb ^ gain the upper hand. he BepxH|HH [vêrkhnîy] a

1. upper; 2.: ~ee nJiaxbe outdoor wear, street clothes {such as overcoat, raincoat,
.
must have
left.
[vîrAyatnas^t^, -z^d^]' / -h probabilin all probity; no Bcefl ability. [vîrAyatnty] BepoflTH|b!H a sh f BepoHTeH, -a, -o, -bi
BepoHTHocTJb
~H
etc).
BcpxoBHbiH [vî^rkhovniy] a supreme. BepxoBble [vî^rkhov'ys] n

-H,
probable, likely.
BepcHffl
-H
-en
upper reaches;
[vî^rkhom]
river-
[v^'ersîya]
-h,
-head.
version {of an account). BCplxeTb [vH^Tiîx^\imperf

BepTHUJb,
1.
BepxoM
adv
astride; on horseback.
-qy,
-leji,
imp
-TH
twirl;
twist
about,
twiddle; 2.: -^-TeTb tojioboh turn one's head hither and

thither;
finger.
3.
fig
col:
xexb
one's
Bepxyuj|Ka [vî^rkhushka] / -eK 1. top {of a tree, mountain, etc); 2. col the upper crust; top leaders; npaBHmaH Ka ruling clique,
-KH.
KCM-ji. twist
smb round
BepmHH|a
-bi,
[vî^rshlna]
imperf
BeplxeTbcfl -nycb,
[v'i^rtêttja] BepTHiiibCH, p
1.
top, summit, peak. Bee [vês, -z] -a (-y) weight {of a thing); Ha
-Te^ca,
-leîacb,
imp
-iHCb,
by weight;
--cm B Tpn kh-
37
Btt
jiorpaMMa weighing three kilograms; npH6aBHTb [y6aBHTb] B - e put on [lose] weight; 2. fig influence, authority, weight;
0
yjiejibHbiH
\, 3 [cf BOAHTb 1, 2] lead (a horse, blind man, etc; smb by the hand, etc); 2. conduct, direct, run; -~ preside co6paHHe over a 1.
tion
1)
specific
weight;
2) fig share,
propor-
tion. BCCejllHTbCJl
[VÎSî^PittS9]
meeting; xoshhctbo keep house; 3. drive {a car); 4. {no perf) lead {of a road, etc); 5. {no perf) carry on {negotiations,
propaganda, etc); 6opb6y wage a struggle; make nepeoHCKy c KeM-Ji. coroneself, fun, enjoy respond with smb; merry, have a good time. Becejibiii [vî^sôlly] a sh f <> ~ ce6H behave.
imperf -locb, -HUibCfl, p -hjich, -HJiacb, imp -Picb, -Hxecb have
~ ~
Beceji,
cejibi
secejia,
secejio,
ne-
merry,
gay,
cheerful,
lively.
BecTH6K)Jijb [vîs^tîbûP] -51, -en hall, lobby. BecTJb [vêsH'', -z^'d^] /

-eft
BeceHHHH
[vî^^sên^n^'iy]
-H,
spring {time, etc). eecjHTb [v^'esît^]
<>
nponacTb
news, word; 6e3 eecxH be
imperf
missing (in action).

Beclbi [vî^sl] pi -OB scales,
eemy,
-nuib,
-hji
weigh
{have a certain weight). BecK|HH [v^'eskîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f bccok, -a, -o, -H weighty {argument, word,
etc)
.
balance. eecb [vês'',
-z^]
pron
Bcero, BceNiy, (scero), def BceM, (o6o) BceM, bch /, Bce n, Bce all, (the) whole,
pi -a, Becjito [vî^slo] rt Beceji, Bec.TiaM oar; Becjia,

scull;
paddle {of a canoe); HATH Ha Becjiax row, row a

boat. BCCHla [vî^sna] / -bi, pi eecHbi, BeccH, BecHajvi spring
(a season), BCCHofi [vî^snoy]
the whole of; no Bceft cxpane all over the country, throughout the country; bo bccm MHpe all over the world; II as a noun Bce p/ -x 1.
all;
everybody;
2.
Bce
adv
in
spring;
[npoiuJiOH] next [last] spring. BecHyiii|Ka [vî^snushks] / -KH, -eK {mostly pi) freckle. eecTH [vî^s^tî] imperf BeAy, BeAeuib, p bcji, Bejia, imp BeAH, nojBecTH [pavî^s^t'i] perf a concrete action, movement in a definite direc-
6yAymeH
Bcero everything, all; <> Bcero xopoiuero! good-bye! BecbMa [v^'i^s^'ma] adv highly, greatly; rather {interesting,
etc).
-pa (-py), BeTJep [vêtîr] -pbi, -poB wind {air in motion);

pi
^pocaxb cjioBa na ~ep speak to the wind; y Hero ~ep B rojioBe col he is light-minded/ empty-headed.
Bet
S8-*
[v*'itîrînar]
BerepHHap
-a,
Beiuarb
perf
-aK),
II
[vêshat**]
im-
-OB veterinary (surgeon). BerlKa [vêtlo] / -KH, -ok 1. branch {of a tree); twig; 2.: jKejiesHOAopo^Han ~Ka rly
-aeuib,
ciBeiijaTb
[s'^vêshat^]
perf
see
weigh,
secHTb.
weigh out.
BCLuy [vêshu]
branch
/
line.
-a,
BeTpeH|biH [vêtrîniy] a sh
BemecTBJo [v'îshîi^stvo] n -a, BemecTB matter, sub-
~,
-o,
2.
-bi
1.
windy stance; oxpaBJiHramHe
~a
poi-
fig frivolous, empty-headed; flighty.
{day, etc);
BerxJHH [vêtkhîy] a -an,

-He, sh f -^, -a, -o, -h decrepit; ramshackle; thread-oe,
bare {clothes). BeTHHHJa [v'lf'chîna]
/ -bi
ham
-a,
-a, pi -OB 1. evening; no '-aw in the evening(s); 2. (evening) party, social. BCMepHHH [v^'i^chêrnîy] a evening {paper, dress, etc). BejepOM [vêch'îram] adv in the evening; ceroAHH -- this evening; tonight {before midnight); Bqepa [aaexpa]
{food). BCHep [vêch''ir]
son-gases; BspbiBMaxbie ~a explosives. Bemjb [vêsh^:, -zh^:] / h, 1. thing pi -H, -eH (1) any object; 2) a fact, idea, etc); 2. pi things, belongings; clothes; work 3. baggage; luggage, {a literary, etc, composition); 3T0 xopouian ~b this is a
good book [play, piece,

BCK) [vêyu], Beeuib yash, -zh] $ee BCJixb.
BefljiJKa
etc].
[vê/
[vêyalka]
-kh,
winnow. BeflHHJe [v'êyan^'iya] n -h, -H 1. blowing {of wind); 2.

-OK
winnowing-fan,
trend,
new
yesterday [tomorrow] evening; last [tomorrow] night {before midnight). ne4H|biH [vêch'^niy] a sh f BeweH, -a, -u eternal, -o, everlasting; perpetual; na
tendency; HOBbie ~h ideas / trends. BCHTb [vêyat^] imperf bck),
Beeuib,
1.
p
{of
bchji,
imp
2.
Beii
blow
B3a;i
wind);
adv:
winnow
h Bne-
{grain).
[vzat]
peA to and fro, backwards bie BpeMena for ever. and forwards, back and forth. Bemaji|Ka [vêshalka] / -kh, BsaHMHlbiH [vzAimniy] a -OK I. peg {for hanging up sh f BaaHMeH, -a, -o, -h muthings); stand {for coats and, tual, reciprocal. hats); hanger {for clothes); B3aHM0AeHCTBH|e [vzaimA2. cloak-room {for coats and d^'eys^t^vîya] n -h, -u interhats); 3. tab, hanger {of a action; co-operation. coat, etc). BaaHMooTHomeHM |e [ vzaimABemlaxb I [v'êshat*'] imperf AtnAshenîya] n -h, -h inter-BK), aeiub, noBejCHTb [pAV^'e- relation; ^-h Me>KAy cipanasîf"] per f -luy, -cHmb,p -chji, MH relations between counimp -Cb hang, hang up. tries.

mash^:,
39
B3M
B3aHMon6Moiu|b [vz8imAp6B3B0JIH0BaTb See BOJIHOBaTb. -zh*':] / -h mutual B3B0JIH0BaTbCfl SCe BOJIHOBaTbCH. assistance; mutual aid. BsaHMonoHHMaHH e [ vzAimaB3rjiflA[vzglât, -d] m -a, -oe panîmanîya] n -a mutual 1. look, glance; stare, gaze;
I
understanding. BsaAMbi [vzAym*! adv: bshtb borrow, obtain on loan; AaTb lend {money, etc). BsaMCH .[vzAmên] 1 adv instead; in exchange; II prep with gen instead of; in exchange for, in return for. B36epHCb [vzh^'i^rîs^, -z^j, BsSepHTCCb [vzbî^r'itîs^.-z^j imp of B3o6paTbCH; see bsChpaxbca. B36pycb [vzb'i^rus^, -z^], B36epeuibC5i [vzb'i^r^shs'a] Jst & 2nd persons of B3o6paTbch; see BsSHpaibCH. B36ecHTb see 6ecHTb. BsSecHTbCfl see 6ecHTbCH. B36HplaTbCJi [vzbMrattâ] imperf -aiocb, -êuJbCH, b30-
2.
view, opinion;
on the face <> Ha nepBuii of it; c nepBoro -â at first sight. [vzglî^nut^] BsrjisiHlyTb
perf
imp
-y, BSPJiflHemi?, p -yji, -H have a look {at), cast
a glance {at), look {at). -a nonB3flop [vzdor] sense; stuff and nonsense.
BSAOXHyrb
see
BSAHxaib
1.
B3flparHB|aTb [vzdragîvat**] imperf -aio, -aemb, BSflpor* Hlytb [vzdr6gnut**] perf -y,
-euib,
-yji,
imp
-h
start,
flinch.
perf' -aK>,
B3AwxliTb [vzdikh^t^] /mâemb, B3A0XH|yTb [vzdAkhnut^] perf -y, -emb,

-yji,
imp
-H
1.
6pa|TbC5i
[vzAbratta]
perf
sadness,
{for),
etc); 2.
sigh {with {no perf) sigh
B36epycb, B36epembCH, p -jich, -Jiacb, imp B36epHCb, B36epHTecb climb (up) (a hill,
e/c);
yearn
{for);
be
sweet
{on);
climb {on
to).
<> BSAoxHyxb cbo66aho breathe freely / again.
B3BeCHT|> see B3BeUIHBaTb. B3BeujHB{aTb [yzvêshiyat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, B3Be|ci{Tt> [vzvêsît*] perf -my, -pHuib, p 'CHJi, imp -cb weigh, weigh
out.
BSHMlajb
-aio,
[vz^'imat*']
imperf
-apuib levy, collect; raise {taxes, etc). B3JieT|aTb [vz^lî^tat^] imperf .aio, -eiiib, B3Jie|TeTb
B3B0A [vzvot, mil platoon.
-d]
-a,
-ob
[vz^Pi^têt'l perf -qy, -THmb, -xeji, imp -TH fly up; take
off {of
an
aircraft);
B3BOJlH6BaHH|blJI [VZVAlnOvanniy] a [pa] sh f bsbojip6BaH, -a, -0, -bi agitated, troubled, perturbed; anxious, uneasy; excited {by some news,
etc).
<> B3jieTeTb up.
Ha BdsAyx blow
[vzmakhî-aemb, [vzmAkhnutî
-aio,
B3MaxHB|aTb
vat^]
imperf
B3MaxH|yTb
perf -y, -emb,
-yji,
imp
-h
B3M
40
2.
{hands, flap (wings); wave a kerchief, etc). BSMOpble [vzmor^'ya] n -h seaside; seashore; beach {of
a sea). B3H0C [vznos,

1.
-z]
-a, -ob
mstalment,
payment;
2.
payment
{the
amount paid);
view, scene, sight; na of the sea; KpaCHBbiH beautiful sight; beautiful landscape; 3. pi views, prospects; sight 4. {space within vision); ckpuxbCH H3 BHAy disappear, pass out of sight; noxepnxb hb
Mope view
-~bi membership HjieHCKHe endues; BCiynHTeJibHUH trance fee.
BHAy lose sight
of;
npH
1)
at the sight {of); HMexb B <>
~y
mean,
B3o6paTbCH see esSHpaTbCH. B30HTH seeBcxoj\mb. B30p [vzor] m -a, -oe look; gaze; ycxpeMHib ^ Ha kofo-ji. fix one's eyes on smb; see --bi 6biJiH npHKoeaHbi k cuene everybody's eyes were fixed on the stage. BsopBaxb see BspbieaTb. B3p6cjibiif [vzrosliy] a {also used as a noun B3p6cjilbiH m -oro, -bix) grown-up, adult.
B3pbiB [vzrif, -v] -a, -ob explosion; 2. fig burst, outburst, explosion. B3pbiB|aTb [vzrivat^] imperf -aK), -aeiiib, BsopBlaxb [vzArvat^] perf -y, -eiiib, p -aji,
1.
imply;
3)
bear in mind; intend; HMeiixeB --^, hxo...

2)
mind
that...;
no account; noA
guise
{of).
CM by
BHA
II
hh uojk KaKHM means, on no ~om under the

-d]
[v'ît,
-a(-y),
pi
2.
-bi,
biol
-OB 1. species;
kind, sort; ling as3.
pect.
BHAJexb
[vîd^'it'*]
imperf
'
-ajia,
-ajio,
-ajiH,
/mp-riblow
up, explode; blast; set off (a charge). B3bicKaHH|e [vztskanîya] n -H, -H punishment, penalty; formal reprimand. BSMTJKa [vzâtka] / -kh,
-OK bribe, graft.
B35iTb see 6paTb. BsnTbCH see SpaxbCH. -a (-y), BHfl I [vît, -d] pi -bi, -08 1. appearance, look,
BH>Ky, -HUJb, p -ejl, yiBHACXb [uvîd^'it^] perf 1. see {light, things, etc); 2. {no perf) see {have sight); h xopomo [njioxo] BHJKy I have good [poor] eyesight; 3. meet, see; AaBHO H Bac He eji! it's a long time since I saw you!; 4. live see, experience; through,
5.
<0>
fig see, realize;
BHAeXb
BHAlexbCH
KOrO-JI.
HaCKBOSb
im-
see through smb.

[v'îdîttsa]
perf BHMCyCb, -HUIbCH, P -eACH, [uv^'id^'i-ejiacb, y-BHAexbCJi ttja] perf see each other, meet. BHAMMO [vîd^'ima] parenth
evidently.
predic:
he y Hero njioxoft doesn't look well; eMy Ha ~jiex copoK he looks about 40;
air;
BHAHO [vîdna] MHe xe6H ne
impers
I
don't
one see you; 6biJio xopomo could see well; caMOAexa euie

He -- the plane is not in sight yet; '~', mto oh npHroTOBHji ypoK it is clear that he's done his lesson; probaII parenth evidently; bly. bhahIbih [vîdniy]. a sh f
BHAen,
-a,
-o, -bi
(-bi) 1.
41
BHT
bhh|6 [vîno] n -a, pi BHHa, -~, BHHaM wine. [vînAvatiy] BMHOBaxlbiH a s/i / -a, -o, -bi guilty; biH B3rjiH;^ guilty look; apologetic look;
,
<>
sorry!
bhh6bhmk [vînovnîk, -g] ble, seen; conspicuous, notice- m -a, -OB he who is guilty; able; 2. distinguished, prom- he who is to blame; culprit, inent; 3. col portly, hand- offender; <> TopjKecTBa hero of the some.
visi-
BMy
[vîzhuj see BHAeTb. BHJKycb [vîzhus^, -z^] see
festivities.
BHHorpaA [vînAgrat,
-a grapes; vine.
-d]
BHêTbCH. BH3r [v'isk, -zg]
-a (-y)
BHHorpaAHHK
[vînAgrad^-
squeal, screech; yelp. BH3)K|aTb [vîzh^:at^] imperf -y, -Hiiib, p -aji, imp -h squeal, screech; squall; yelp.
BH3HT
[vîzît,
-d]
-a,
-03 visit, call. BHJi [vîl], BHJia [vîla] see
nîk, -g] -a, -ob vineyard. BHHT [vînt, -d] -a, pi -bi, -OB 1. screw {for fastening); 2. (screw-)propeller. BHHTOBJKa [vîntofka] / -kh, -OK rifle. [vî8lAn^BHOJIOHHeJilb
BHTb.
BHji|Ka [vîlka] / -kh, -ok fork {to take up food). BHjicfl [vîlsâ], BHjiacb [vîlas^, -z^] see BHTbCH. BHjijbi [vîU] pi pitchfork, fork; <> ~aMH Ha / no Bojie nHcaso sure, it HO it is none
chêP]
BHcjeTb
BHmy,
/ -H, -eft cello. [vîsêt^] imperf -Huib, p -eji, imp -h
hang; be' suspended. BHcloK [vîsok, -g] pi -KH, -KOB temple

head).
-~
m
{of
-Ka, the
BHTpHHla [vîtrîna] / -bi, 1. shop window; 2. show-
still very vague. -case. BHTb [vît''] imperf BbK), BHHJa [vîna] / -h guilt; fault, blame; no ~e Koro-ji, BbeUIb, p BHJI, BHJia, BHJIO, BHthrough smb's fault; CTasHTb jiH, imp Beft, CBH|Tb [s^vît''] KOMy-ji. B ^y blame smb, perf coBbK), coBbeuib, p -ji, reproach smb; ceajiHTb ~y -jia, -Jio, -jiH, imp CBCH twist Ha Koro-ji. lay the blame on {wind together); weave; smb. <> CBHTb rHe3A6 build a nest. BHHerpex [v^'inî^gr^'et, -d] BHTbCJi [vîttja] imperf Bbexm -a, -OB Russian salad. CH, p BHJICH, BHJiaCb 1. CUfl BHHJHTb [vînît^] imperf {of hair); 2. wind, meander; -K), -Hjub, p -HJi, imp -H blame. birds, etc). 3, hover {of
is
BHX
BHXpjb [vîkhr^]
42
-OB taste; 6biTb cjia^KHM na taste sweet; y Hero xopoiunft he shows good taste; co ~0M tastefully; npHHTHCb no --y KOMy-ji. be to smb's taste, suit smb's taste; be
-h,
-eft
whirlwind
{also fig). BHUiJHfl [v^'ishnâ] / -hh, -eH cherry; cherry-tree. BHiuy [v^'ishu] see BHceib.
-a, -ob deposit {money put in a bank); investment; 2. contri-
BKjiaA [fklat, -d]
1.
just
what one wants; o
~ax
He cnopHT
tastes differ;
bution {to science, etc). [fkladivat^] BKJiaAWBlaTb imperf -aio, -aeiiib, BJio}K|HTb
[vlAzhlt^] perf -y, BJi6>KHiiib,
-HJi,
imp
-H
1.
put
in,
insert;
thh]
gy]
~aTb MHorocH/i apply much effort
[snep[ener-
Hero-Ji. <> BXOflHTb BO begin to enjoy smth. BKycHlwH [fkusniy] a sh f BKycen, -a, -o, -bi (-bi) tasty, palatable; delicious {food); KaK ô! it does taste good! BJiar|a [vlaga] / -h mois-
{to); 2. invest {money). BKJii04|aTb [fkPuchât^] imperf -aiO, -aeilJb, BKJIK)4|HTb
ture.
Bjiaflejileu
[vUdêlîts, -dz]
-bua, -bueB owner, propri-
[fklûchîf]' perf -y, -ikuib, -HJI, imp -H 1. include {in); insert; 2. include, contain, embrace; 3. technot engage, start; switch on {make an elec-
etor.
tric circuit).
BKjiiOHJaTbcj! [f kPuch^'attsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, bkjik)H|HTbCM [fkûch'îttja] perf
-yCb, -HIlIbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb, imp -HCb, -HTecb join in; enter
BjiaAJeTb [vlAdêf*] imperf -eeiiib 1, possess, own, have; 2. be able to use, know how to use; wield {a weapon, BJiaêTb etc); HHOcipaHHbiM HSbiKOM know a foreign language; 3. fig possess, occupy {of a thought, etc); co66fi <> BjiaA^Tb control oneself.
-eio,
{engage in). BKjuoMan [fkPuchâya] prep with ace including; included.

BKjiioHHTejibHo
[fkl^'uchî-
BJiax(H|Mfi
[vlazhnty] a shf
-o,
-bi
BJiajKen,
-a,
damp;
tîPna] adv included.

BKJIIOHHTb see BKJIIOMaTb. BKJIIOHHTbCSI see BKJIIOqaTbCH.
moist, humid; wet {wind, etc). BJiacTHlwH [vlasniy] ashf BJiacTeH, -a, -o, -bi imperious,
BKocb [fkos^,
liquely; <> BKpHBb H
-z^]
adv oba
slip-
1)
in
shod/disorderly manner; 2) fig perversely, in the wrong way.
BKpaTue [fkrats9] ly, in short.

BKyc [fkus,
-z]
adv
brief-
hh êjiOBCK person; wh toh peremptory tone. -z^d**] / BJiacT|b [vlasM^, pi -H, -efl 1. power, au-H, thority; coBeicKan ~b Soviet power, Soviet Government; ~b Ha Mecxax local authoricommanding;
masterful
ties;
CTOHTby
~H
be in pow-
-a (-y),
er; 2. pi authorities.
43
BMC
adv to the oTMero-ji. to the left of smth; on the left of smth. BjiesjaTb [vPi^zat^] imperf -aK), -aeiub, ejieslib [vlês^t^] perf -y, -eiub, p , -Jia, imp -b 1. climb (up) {a tree, etc); climb {on to); 2. get in, climb in; get (into), climb (into);
BJieeo [vlêva]
left;
BJIKCM fve-el-ka-es-em] ahbrev (m) (=BcecoK)3Hbm JleHHHCKHH
KOMMyHHCTHêCKHH
CoK)3 MojioAe>KH) L.Y.C.L.S.U. (Leninist Young Communist League of the Soviet Union). BJlOJKHTb see EKJia^blBaXb.
BJIH)5HTbC5I see BJlK)6jlHTbC5I.
BJiK)6jilflTbC5i
{when there is enough room); go {into a con3.
col
go in
[vPubPattsa]
imperf -Hiocb, -neiubCH, bjiw[vlûbîttja] perf BJllb6HmbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiacB, imp -HCb, -Hxecb fall in love {with). BMecre [vmês^tî] adv together; <> -- c TCM at the same time. [vmî^BMecTMTejibH|biH s^f'itîl^niy] a sh f bmccth-bi spacious, TCJiCH, -a, -o,
S'lHTbcsi
-JIK)Cb,
tainer).
[vlêy] imp of BJiHXb; see BjiHBaTb. BjieHeHHJe [vlî'^chênîya] n -H, -H bent {for), inclination attraction {to smb); {for); HMexb ~e K Heuy-Ji. [k koBJicH
My-Ji.] be
drawn
to
smth
[to
smb].
BJie|Hb
-Meiiib,
roomy. BMCcTHTb see BMemaxb. BMecTMTbCM see BMemaxbCH. entail. BMecTO [vmêsta] prep with BjiHBJaTb [vPivat^] imperf gen instead of, in place of; -aK), -aeiub, HT66bi noHTH ryâ, BjiHlxb [vPit^] ~ Toro, perf BOjibK), BOJibeuib, p -ji, OH... instead of going there -jik, -jio, -jiH, imp Bjiefi 1. pour he... in {a liquid); pour BMeuiarejibCTB o [ vmî^sha{a liquid into smth); 2 fig give, instil tîl^stv9] n -a interference
p
attract {excite interest, etc); 3a co66h involve, <> ~Hb
]
[vPech^] imperf -Ky, BJieK, -KJia draw,
{courage, etc). BJiHjiHH|e [vlîyanîya] n -H, -H 1. influence {on); OKasbiBaib --e exert influence, influence; 2. authority, influence. BjiHnrejibHJbiii [vlîyatîP-
{in);
intervention. BMeiuaibCfl see BMeiuHBaib-
CH.
BMeuiJHBaTbcw [vmêshiv9i\s^]imperf -HBaiocb, -HBaeuib[vm^'i^sha-aeuibCH interfere (in); meddle {in); step {in), intervene. [vmî^sh^:at''] BMcmlaxb imperf -aw, -aeuib, BMecxlHTb BMemy, [vmî^s^tît^] perf hold, contain; -Hiiib, p -HJi
CH,
BMeiii|aTbC5i
tts9] perf -aiocb,
niy]
a sh f BjiHHTejien, -o, -bi influential.

BJiHlTb
-a,
-Hio.
[vlîyat''] imperf -Heiub, nojBJiHaTb [pa-
vlîyat^]
fect,
perf influence;
{on).
af-
have an effect
'
BMe
44
-z^d^j /j-H appearance, look(s); exterior. BHH3 [vnîs, -z] adv 1.
seat (0/ a hall)', accommodate (0/ a block of flats, etc). [vm^'i^shîaBMem|aTbCJi -aK)Cb, -aeuibCH, ttja] imperf
[vmî^s^'tîttsa] BMCCTlHTbCJi -HuibCH, BMemycb, perf p
down, downwards, below; cnycKaTbCH go down, descend; go downstairs; 2.: ^ -HJiacb go in {when no TeMeHHK) downstream; -^ -HJiCH, enough room); go no Okc down the Oka. is there BHHsy [vnîzu] I adv below {into a container). BMHr [vmik, -g] adv in an {in a lower place); downstairs {on a lower floor); instant, in no time. BHacM [vnAyom], BHafiMbi II prep with gen at the bot[vnAymt] adv: Spaxb liire; tom of, at the foot of. BHHKlaib [vnîkat^] imperf rent {from smb); CAaaaxb
hire -out; let, rent. BHanajie [vnAch^'alî]
-aio, -aeuib,
BHiiKH|yTb [vnîk-y,
adv nut^] perf

gen
-euib,
p bhhk,
at first, in the beginning.
BHe
[vn**e]
prep
with
KOHKypca outside, out of; njiana not hors concours; envisaged by the plan; over noôand above the plan; speHHH ^bove suspicion;
^ ~
BHHKJia, imp -H try to understand, go deep {into); scrutinize, examine carefully (a matter, etc).
coMHeHHH beyond doubt;

<^
ce6fl
beside oneself.
see BHe^pHTb. BHCflplflTb [vnî^dr^'at^] im-
BHCApHTb
BHHMaHHJe [vnîmanîya] rt 1. attention; o6paTHTb e Ha qTo-ji. pay attention to smth; o6paTHTb qbe-ji. eHa qjo-ji. draw smb's attention to smth; 2. kindness {to),
-H
consideration
perf -HK),
-neillb,
BHeflp|HTb
-ib,
[vn^'i^dr^'it-^]
perf
-Huib,
{for), ccnsiderateness; <> npMHHTb BO --e take into
-HJi,
imp
-H introduce
{new
methods
instil.
of in industry,
production, etc, etc); inculcate,
consideration / account. BHHMaTejibH|biM [vnîmaf'lPniy] a sh f BHHMaxejieH,

-a, -o,
BHeaanHo [vnî^zapna] adv suddenly, all of a sudden.

BHeoHepeflHOH [vn^'iAch^'ir^'i^dnoy] a 1. out of turn, out of order; 2. extraordinary,
special {session, etc).
ful; 2.
-bi 1. attentive; careconsiderate, kind {to),
thoughtful {of). adv: BHHHbK) [vnîch^yu] Hrpa oKOHMHjiacb -- the game ended in a draw; cbirparb draw {a game).
BHCCTH see BHOCHTb. BHeuiHHH [vnêshn^'iy] a 1. outward, external; 2. foreign

{policy, trade).
BHeuH0CT|b
[vn^'eshnas^'t'',
BHOBb [vnof^, -v^] adv 1. anew, again; once more; 2. newly, recently; npH6biBuiHii 1) newly arrived; 2) new-comer, new arrival; Haaaa-
45
qeHHbiH newly appointed; -KHHra recently BbJmeAuiaH published book.
~aTb AOBepHe be
[vnâtnty]
-bi
BOfl
spect;
trust-
worthy.
BHflTHlbifi
ashf
BO see B. Bo6paTb see B6HpaTb. Bo6bK) [vAb^yu], Bo6beuib in; bring 1. bring in, carry carry (into); 2. pay [vAb^yosh, -zh] 1st & 2nd {into), (in); CHTb ;êHbrH pay the persons of BfiHTb; see BSHsaTb.
-y, -eiiib,
BHolcHTb [vnAsît*'] itTiperf -my, BHocHiiib, p -cHJi, imp -CH, BHec|TH [vnî^s^tî] perf
BHHTeH-, -a, -o,
distinct,
audible, comprehensible.
p BHec,
-Jia,
imp
-h
money;
{write);
3.
introduce,
enter
BOBJieK|aTb
[vavlî^kat^]
HSMeHeHHH imperf -aio, -aeiiib, BOBjie|Hb make alterations; ~cHTb no- [vAvPech^] perf -Ky, -Meuib, npaeKH insert amendments; p BOBJieK, -KJia, imp -kh make corrections; 4. move, draw {into social work, etc). BOBpeMfl [vovrîm'â] adv submit {a proposal). BHyK [vnuk, -g] m -a,-0B in time; opportunely; He -^ inopportunely; at the wrong grandson. BHyipeHHHH [vnutr^m^n'iy] lime.
BO-BTOpbix [vaftArtkh] par* enth secondly. internal {not foreign). boa] a [vAda] / -bi, ace B6;^y^ [vnutr^m- pl BOAbi, ^, B6;;aM water; BHyTpeHH0CT|b rasHpoBaHHan ~a aerated n9sM^ -zM^] / Pl efl 1. interior, inside; 2. pl water; KHnHHenaH â boiled water; uHTbeBan â drinking internal organs; entrails. BHyxpH [vnutr'î] I adv in- water; cbipaH ~a unboiled water; side, in the interior; inside, <> BblBeCTH Ha HHCTyiO prep with gen II bring to light, exwithin, in. BOAy BHyrpb [vnutr^l I adv in- pose, unmask; bmhth cyxHM h3 fall on one's feet; ~bi side, inward; get away with murder. II prep with gen inside, into. BHy4|Ka [vnuch^ka] / -kh, BOAHTeji|b [vAdîtîl^] -H, -eft driver {of a mechani-BK granddaughter. BHyuijaxb [vnushat^] imperf cal vehicle). BHyuilHTb [vnu-aio, -aeiub, BOAlHTb [VAd**it^] imperf shit^] perf -y, -HUJb, p -hji, Boscy, BOAHiub, p -HJI, imp imp -H 1. instil {an idea); -H [cf BecTH 1, 3] 1. lead etc; bring home {to smb that...); {horses, blind people, impress {on smb that...); 2. smb by the hand, etc); HTb ryjiHTb take children fill {smb with a certain feel- Aeieft OH -~aeT yBa>KeHHehe for a walk; 2. drive {a car, ing); commands (everybody's) re- etc); pilot {a plane); 3.: -^mb
~CHTb
1.
inside;
internal,
{also fig); 2.
home,
inner inland,
Bo;i
~
(with);
46
{with, against), {against).
3HaK6MCTBO keep up
quaintance
an keep
ac-
wage
war
up
friendly relations (with);
^^Th
ApyjK^y c... be friends with...; ~H[Tb KOrO-Jl. 33. HOC <> col fool smb, dupe smb.
BOAJHTbCfl [vAdîttja] imperf BOJKyCb, BOAHIUbCH, p
-HJICH,
-HJiaCb,
imp
-HCb,
-Hxecb 1. {only in the 3rd person) be found, be; bojihtch JiH 4)ope;ib B 3T0M osepe? are there trout in this lake?;
2. col
BoeHHO..., BoeHHO-... first element of compounds pertaining to war or armed forces: BoeHHonjieHHbiH [vaymApPenniy] prisoner of war. BCeHHO-BOSAyUIHiblH [VAyCnavAzdushniy] a: ~bie chjiu Air Force; air forces.
keep
company
{with),
BoeHHO-MopcKiOH [vAyenamATskoy] a -an, -oe, -He naval; ~6h (})J1ot Navy. BoeHHOo63aHHibiH [vaymAAbâzanniy]
reservist.
associate {with);, h c to66h He Bo[ycb I'm not playing
-oro,
-bix
with you
{of children). BOflKJa fvotks] / -H vodka.
BoeHHOcjiy3Kaui|HH [vaymAsluzhash^:iy] -ero, -hx
BOAOBOpoT
m
-OB
-a,
-OB
1.
[vadavArot, -d] whirlpool; 2. //g
serviceman, soldier. BoeHHJHH [vAyenniy]

military, war(-); >KeHHe martial
vortex.
BOAoeM body
[vadAyom]
of
-a,
-ôe nojiolaw; bift
water;
reservoir
saBOA
11
{for storing water).
BOAOjias [vadAlas, -z] -a, -OB diver {working underwater)

.
munition factory; as a noun BoeHHlbifl -orOj -bix serviceman, soldier. [vAzhatiy] BO)KaT|biH
m
m
BOAonaA
-a,
[vadApat,
-d]
-oro, -bix 1. Young Pioneer leader; 2. col tram-driver.
-OB waterfall.
[vadaprAvot, -d] -a, -OB water-pipe, water-main; running water; water-supply. BOAOpoA [vadArot, -d] m
BOAonpoBOA
-a
hydrogen.
[vosht^, -zhd^] leader {of a state, party); chief {of a tribe). BOJKy I [vAzhu] see BOAHTb. BOy II [vAzhuJ see boSHTb. BOKycb I [vAzhus^, -z^]
BoxcAlb
-eft
-H,
BOAopocjilb [vodaras^l^] / sea-H, -eft water-plant;
see
BOAHTbCH.
[vAzhus^,
-z^]
weed. BOAOxpaHHjiHu;|e khrAnîlîsh^:9] n
BOJKyCb II see BOSHTbCH.
[vada-a,
BOS [vos,
-bi,
-z]
-a (-y),
2.
pi
res-
-OB
1.
cart;
cartful
ervoir, storage lake.
{of),
cart-load
{of).
.
BoeBaJTb
BOioK),
[vayi'-'vat^]
imperf
Boioeiub, p -Ji, imp BOK)H be at war {with), fight
BOG... pref of verbs denoting 1. upward direction BOSBOAHXb an action: of

B03...,
47
[vazvAdît^]
ing, post,
{eyes,
etc);
1)
erect (a build-
2) 3)
elevate
raise,
{to
etc);
lift
up
B03Bbiui|aTb [vazvish^t**] imperf -aio, -aeuib, bosbuc MTb [vAzvfsît^] perf eosBbi-
'
hands); 2. repetition of luy, -Hiiib, p -HJi, imp -b an action or restoration to a exalt, elate, ennoble. B03BbiiiieHH|e [vazvtsheprevious state: B03po?Kjt5Tb [v9zrAzhdat^] revive, restore; nîya] n -h, -h 1. rise, risregenerate, revitalize; Boccia- ing; 2. elevation, rising HaBJiHBaxb [v8sstAnavPiv9t^] ground; 3. platform, dais. B03BbimeHH0CT|b [VAZVlrehabilitate, restore [see the shannas^t^, -z^d**] / -h, -efi word in Dictionary]. BOsSyAHTb see B036y}KAaTb. hill, height. B03rjiaBHTb see bosfjibbBOsSyjKfljaTb [vazbuzhdat^] imperf -SiK), -aeiub, B036yiAHTb mrh B03rjiaBjilflTb[vazglAvlât^] [vazbudît^] perf ->Ky, -jxuuib, p -AHJi, imp -AH 1. excite; imperf -hk), -neiub, B03rjiaarouse, rouse; provoke {feel- B|HTb [vAzglavît^] perf -jik), ings); 2. raise (a question, -Huib, p -HJI, imp -b head, etc); axb p,eJio npoiHB ko- be at the head of; perf also ro-ji. take proceedings against put oneself at the head of. Bosrjiac [vozglas, -z] smb. -a, B036y}KAeHH e [V9zbuzhd*'e- -OB exclamation, cry, shout; cheers nîya] n -h, -h 1. excitation; ~bi oAo6peHHH of 2. excitement, agitation. approval. B03BpaTMTb sceB03BpamaTb. BosjlBHrjaTb [vazdvîgat^] B03BpaTHTbC51 See B03Bpa- imperf -aio, -aeiiib, BOSABHrmaxbCH. HJyTb [vAzdvîgnut''] perf -y, [vazvrA- -euib, p B03;tBHr, BOBBpamlaxb Bosflsrirsh^rat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, Jia, imp -H erect {a monuB03Bpa|THTb [vazvrAtît^] ment, etc). [vAz^dêyB03fleHCTBH|e perf -my, -xrimb, p -thji, imp -TH return, give back; pay s^t^vîya] n -h, -h influence, back. effect {on); 4)H3HMecKoe ~e B03Bpam,|aTbcsi [vazvrA- coercion; oKasbmaxb - e na sh^rattsa] imperf âiocb, -aeiiib- Koro-Ji. influence smb, exert CH, B03Bpa|THTbC5I [VaZVrA- influence on smb, have effect tîttsa] perf -mycb, -THiubCH, on smb. B03AeHCXBloBaxb [vAz^dêyP -THJICH, -THJiaCb, /mp -THCb, -THTecb return (home, etc); styvaf^] perf & imperf -yio, come back; go back. -yeiiib, p -OBaji, imp -yft B03Bpaii;eHH|e [vazvrAsh^:e- influence {smb), exert influnîya] n -h, -h return {home, ence {on smb). etc); recurrence. BOSflepHcaxbCfl see BOSAepBosBbicHTb see BosBbimaTb. HCHSaXbCfl.
BOS
B03Aep}KHB|aTbCSI
48
sible;
[VAZ''-
~aTb BHHy Ha
Koro-Ji.
d''erzhtV9tts9] imperf -aKx:b, -aeuibCH, B03Aep*|aTbcji[v8z^dî^rzhattsa] perf -ycb, bo3flepjKHiubCH, p -aJicH, -ajiacb, imp -HCb, -HTecb keep oneself {from), refrain (from), abstain
(from).
lay the
blame on smb.
Bosjie [voz^Pi] prep with gen near, beside, by.
B03Ji03KHTb
sce
BOBJiaraTb.
Bos^yx
[vozdukh,
-gh]
B03Me3AH|e [vAz^mêz**dîya] n -a retribution, retaliation; punishment. B03MeCTHTb See BOSMCmaTb.

B03Meui,laTb [vazmî^sh^:at^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, B03MecT|HTb [vazmî^s^tît^j
perf
-a air {the atmosphere)',
go outHa <> BbiHTH doors; Ha (oTKpbiTOM) ~e in the open; out of doors.
B03AymH|biH [vAzdushniy] a sh f BOBAymen, -a, -o, -u

air
{space, mail, brake,
etc)',
imp
-H
B03Memy, -Hiiib, p -hji, make up for, compen[vAzmozhna]

I
sate; refund.
bo3m6ho
~oe
ice.
-H,
coo6meHHe
air
serv-
B033BaHHle [vAzzvanîya] n {to the public, -ft appeal masses); o6paTHTbCH c ~eM K HapoAy address an appeal
to the people. B03|HTb [vAzît^] imperf BOHcy, BOBHuib, p -HJi, imp -H [cf BesTH I] carry {to transport); drive {smb in a car,
etc);
impers predic it is possible; ~, ^To OH npHAei it is possible that he may come, he may come; Bnojine - it's quite possible; HacKOJibKO -^
as far as possible;
II
parenth
perhaps,
pos-
sibly; OH, he will
~, npHAeT perhaps
come, he may come. B03M6)KHOCT|b [vAZmOZh1.
draw
{a cart).
nas^t^,
-eft
B03|HTbC5i [vAzîttsa] imBOSHIlIbCH, perf BOHCyCb, p -HJiacb, -HjiCH, imp -HCb, -HTecb 1. romp {of children); potter col have trou2. ble {with), bother {with). F03Jiar|aTb [vazlAgat''] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, B03jio}K|HTb [vazlAzhit^] perf -y, bosjioHCHUib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. place, lay {a wreath, etc); 2. entrust {with), charge {with); <> -~aTb HaAejibi na koro-Ji. pin one's hopes on smb;
-z^d^] / -h, pi -h, possibility; 2. oppor-
tunity,
have
able;
an
3.
chance; HMexb opportunity,
~b
be
pi potentialities; means, resources; h as far as <> no (wepe) possible; npH nepBOft ---h as soon as possible; at the
first
opportunity. B03M6}KH|biH [vAzmozhniy] a sh f B03M6>KeH, -a, -o,
'-aXb
Koro-Ji.
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb
Ha
possible; feasible; as a noun B03M6>KH|oe n -oro: CAeJiaTb Bce oe do one's best, do all in one'?
-bi
1 1
make smb
respon-
power.

B03MyTHTejibHlbiH
49
B03H;a
1.
B03
[VAZ^nâ]
fuss,
2.
[v9zmu-
-PI
col
tîtîl^niy] a sh f bosmythTejieH, -a, -o, -bi outrageous, shocking, revolting.
romping;
noise, racket; bother.
bustle; trouble,
B03MyTMTb see BOSMymaxb. BOSMyXHTbCH 866 BOSMymaxbCH. B03Mym|aTb [v9zmush^:at'']

B03Myimperf -aio, -aeuib, T|HTb [vazmutît^J perf bob-
B0306HOBHXb
JlHXb.
866
B03o6hOB[V9Z9bnAy-
B0306HOBJllflXb
lât^]
imperf
B0306H0B|HTb
perf
-H
-Heuib, [v9Z9bnAVît'']
-hk),
Mymy,
-Hiiib,
-HJi
make
indignant,
arouse
indigna-
tion; exasperate.
-Jiio, -Huib, p -HJi, imp renew {an agreement, etc)', resume {talks, etc). [v9zrAzhat^] BOBpaKJaxb
B03Mym|aTbCH [v9zmush^:aimperf -aiocb, -aembCH, B03MyT|HTbcji [v9zmutîttj9i

tts9]
-aeuib, imperf -aio, Bospa3lMTb [v9zrAzît^] perf bo3-
p6rf
BOSMymycb,
-HJiacb
-riuibCH,
pa>Ky, object
{to);
-Hiiib,
-HJI,
imp
-h
{to), raise
an objection
-HJiCH,
be filled with be outraged.

nîy9]
be indignant, indignation;
Bbi He 6y;;exe 'axb, H oxKpoK) OKHo? do you mind my opening the win-
ecjiH
BOswymeHHle [v9zmush'':e- dow?

n -h indignation; resentment. BOSHarpajiHTb S6e BOSHarpajKAaxb. B03HarpaH(A|axb [v9zn9grAzhdat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, B03Ha^pa;^|HXb [v9zn9grAdît**] perf BOSHarpaHcy, -riuib, p -HJI, imp -H reward, recompense; remunerate. B03Harpa)KJieHM|e fv9zn9grAzhdênîyg] n -h, -h reward, recompense; remuneration; 3a He6ojibiii6e e for a small consideration. BosHHKJaTb [vaz'^nîkat^J
BOBpacT [v6zr9st, -zd] m -OB age {time of life)":, B '-e AecHXH Jiex at the age
-a,
>
of ten; <> BbiHXH
age
limit;
{some)
smth.).
H3 --a pass the be no longer of age; be too old {for
[vazrAstat^] B03pacT|axb imperf -aex, B03p|acTH [vazrAs^tî] perf -acxex, -ocjia increase, grow.
-6c,
B03pOAHXb
see BospojKâxb. 866
B03pOAHTbCJI AaxbCH.
B03po)K;i|axb
B03pO-
[v9zrAzhdat^]
B03HHKH|yxb imperf -aio, -aeuib, B03po[vAz^'nîknut^] -ex, perf p flJHXb [v9zrAdît^] perf bo3B03HHK, B03HHKJia arise, pojKy, -Hiub, p -HJi, imp -h
imperf
-aex,
spring up, come into being; y MeHH ~aex noAOspeHHe, 1X0... I'm beginning to suspect that...
revive,
restore;
regenerate,
revitalize.
B03po>KAlaTbCJi
[v9zrAzh-
datt^9] imperf -aiocb, -aeiiibca.
B03
50rpa>KAaHCKaH
[v9zrAdîtts9] BoapofllHTbca -HiubCH, p perf B03po>Kycb,

-HJICH,
-HJiaCb,
imp
life,
-HCb,
etc).
-Hxecb revive {to
B03po%AeHH|e [v9zrAzhdênîya] n -h 1. revival, rebirth; 2. (B.) hist Rennaissance; snoxa '-H Rennaissance.
â civil war; nuclear warfare; BecTH '-y wage war, wage/ fight a war; o6-bHBJiHTb ~-y declare war. BOHCKa [vAyska] pi bohck {sing BOHCK o n -a) troops,
axoMHan
â
forces,
force;
dpoHexaHKOBbie
forces; Bos^yin-
armoured
B03bMH
[vAz^mî] imp
of
HOAecaHTHbie
troops.
airborne
BSHTb; iee 6paTb. BOSbMHCb [vAz^m'îs^, -z^],
BOHTH
see
BXOAHTb.
B03bMHTeCb[vAZ^mîtÎS^, -z^] imp of B3HTbCH; see dpaibCH.
BOSbMy [vAz^'mu], BosbMeiiib [vAz^môsh, -zh] 1st & 2nd

persons
BOKsaji [vAgzal] -a, -ob (railway) station; peqHofl river transport station.
esHTb; see 6paTb. BOSbMyCb [vAZ^'mus^, -z^]

of
BOKpyr [vAkruk, -g] prep with gen &a(it^ around, round on all sides; 2) in a {!)
circle);
B03bMembcji
1st
[vAz^môshsâ]
& 2nd
persons of esHTbCH;
see 6paTbCJi.
<> ~ Aa OKOJio col about the bush.

BOJi
= beating
-OB ox.
BOHH [voin]
dier,
-a,
-ob
sol-
[vol]
-a,
fighting
man; warrior
[voinskîy]
etc);
BOJiAbip|b
-eft
[vAldfr^]
{on
the
m
m
-h,
(also poetical).
blister
skin);
-a
b6hhck|hh
-aa,
-oe,
bump, swelling.
BOjiefiSoji
-He military
{hon-
[vaPi^ybol]
ours,
service,
martial
volley-ball.
BOJiCH- Heeojiefi
{spirit, etc);
~aH noBHHHOcxb
[volîynî^-
conscription, compulsory military service.
voPiy] adv willy-nilly.

-a, pi [volk, -g] -OB wolf {an animal). -bi, pi BOjiHJa [vAlna] / -~, (BOJIHaM), BOJJHbl, -aM -aMH (BOJiHaMH), (o) -ax (boji-
BOjiK
BOHHCTBeHHbiH [vAinstv^mnty] a bellicose, warlike. BOHHCTByK)lU,|HH [VAinstvUyubh^'iiy] a -an, -ee, -He mil-
-H,
combative. BOH I [voy] m BOH howling; wail.

itant,
Boii
II
howl,
Hax) wave {!) of water, etc; 2) phys; 3) fig); BspbiBHan
blast.
[voy] see BbiTb. BOHJiOK [voylak, -g] thick felt.
-a
BOHH la [vAyna]
BOHHbi,
fare;
-bi,
pi
~, BOHHaM War; WarBeJiHKaH
OreMecTBeH-
Haa 'â Great Patriotic War;
BOjiHeHH|e [vAln^'enîya] n -H, pi -H, -H 1. roughness (o/ water); na MOpe ê the sea is rough; 2. excitement, agitation, emotion; nervousness, being nervous; 3. pi riots, disturbances.
'

BOjiH|oBaTb [valnAvat^] imperf -yvD, -yeuib, p -OEaJi, imp BsjeojiHoeaTb [vzval-yn, HAvat^] perf excite, agitate;
51 -^
BOO
BOJlbK)
[VAPyu],
-zh]
1st
BOJIbSuib
[vApyosh,
& 2nd
upset (0/ had news, etc)', disworry; turb, move {smb

deeply, etc). BOJiH|oBaTbC5i
[
persons of BjiHXb; seeBJiHsaTb. BOJiifl [v61''9] / -H 1. will {1) strong, weak, etc; 2) to live, etc); CHJia ^-h will-powliberty, freedom; Ha liberty, free; oinyCKaxb na ~io set at liberty;
er;
2.
imperf
-yiocb,
valoAvattja] -yeiubCH, p
~e
at
-OBajicH, -OBajiacb,
imp
-yflcH,
BSJBOJlHOBaTbCSI -yHTeCb, [vzvalnAvattja] perf 1. ripple; be rough {of water); 2. be nervous; be excited; t)e disturbed, be worried; be upset. ' BOJioKHTJa [valAkîta] / -bi red tape; col long and trouble-
<> JiioAH of good
AoSpoH
will;
~H
people
AaBaxb 10
give vent to (emotions, etc), BOH I [von] col I adv out {outward); Bbirnaxb -- turn out, chuck out; Bb'mxH ~ go
out;
II
inter]'
away!,
away with
some
affair.
BOJioKHJo [valAkno] n -a, pi BOJIOKHa, BOJIOKOH, BOJIOKHaM fibre (a thread or threadlike substance). BOJioc [volas, -z] -a, pi -bi, BOJioc, -aM 1. pi hair {of people); head of hair; 2. hair animals); kohckhh -{of horsehair. bojioc|6k [valAsok, -g] -Ka, -KOB 1, dim of bojioc; 2. filament {in electric lamps); hair {in instruments); <> 6biTb Ha ~6k ot Hcro-Ji. be within a hairbreadth of
you!; oxciOAa!, nomeji -~! get out (of here)!, clear out! BOH II [von] pa/-^ co/ there, over there; oh Hêx there
he
there he is coming; xaM over there; <> BOH OHO Hxo! SO that's it! BOHsjaxb [vAnzat^] imperf -aK), -aeujb, BOHSjuxb [vAn^z'ît^] pert BOHJKy, -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H stick {a pin, etc); thrust, stab {a knife, etc).
is;
BOHJb [von**]
stench.
/ -H
<:o/
stink,
smth; BHceTb/flepmaxbCfl
Ha
Boo6paiK|axb [vAAbrAzhat''] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, Boo6pa3|Hxb [vAAbrAz'ît^] perf boo-
~Ke hang by
a thread.
6pamy,
-Huib,
-hji,
imp
-h
imagine, fancy; axb ce6e qxo-Ji, take smth into one's 1. magic; 2. enchanting, be- head, imagine smth; aio, witching. KaK OH y;],HBHJiCH! col I can BOJibHJbiH [voPniy] a sh f just imagine how surprised BOJieH, -a, -o, -bi (-b'l) 1. free he was!; {thought, etc); 2. impudent, <> (MHoro) ~axb o ce6e col free, {behaviour, think too much of oneself; familiar etc). BOo6pa3uxe! fancy!
B0jiuie6H|biH [vAlshebniy] a sh f B0Jiiiie6eH, -a, -o, -bi
BOO
52
[vAAbrAzhe-
BOopyHTbcsi
JKaXbCH.
see
BOo6pa%eHHle
eoopy-
nîya] n -h imagination. Boo6pa3HTb see BooSpanâTb.

Boo6ii;e [vAApshîe] adv 1. in general, generally; on the
BO-nepBbix [vApêrvtkh] parenth firstly, in the first

place. BonHK)ii;|HH [V9pîyush*':iy] a -an, -ee, -He crying, notorious, scandalous; ~ee npoTHBOpeMHe flagrant contradiction.
whole;
at
all. all;
2. 3.
always,
in
on
all
occasions;
neg sentences
ne snaex sto-
oh
ro he
doesn't
know
this at
BOOAyuicBHTb
JIHTb.
see eoo/tymeB-
B00flyuieBJieHH|e [vadusht^-
vPenîya] n -h 1. inspiring, rousing; 2. enthusiasm, inspiration.
BonjioTHTb see BonJiomarb. BonjiomjaTb [v9plAsh'':at*'] imperf -aio, -aeuib, BonjioTJHTb [vaplAtît^] perf bonjiomy, -rimb, p -hji, imp -h
incarnate, embody {an idea, personify, be the personification of; -~aTb b ce6e personify, be the personification / embodiment of; ~aTb B )KH3Hb realize, bring into
etc);
BooAyuieBjilTb [vadushi^vPat^] imperf -hk), -neiub,

Booji.yiiieB{HTb [vadusht^v^'it^] perf -jiK), -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H inspire, fill with enthusiasm.
fact.
Boopy}K|aTb [vAAruzhat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, BoopyCiHTb [vAAruzhtt^] perf -y,

-HUib,
p -HJI, imp -H arm {with); equip {with weapons) {both also fig).
Boopymjarbcji [vAAruzhaimperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, B00py}K|iiTbCfl [vAAruzhtttja]

ttj9]
perf -ycb, -HiubCH, p -HJiacb, imp -HCb, arm, arm oneself

{also fig).
-hjich,
Bonji|b [vopl^] -H, -eft (loud) cry, howl; wail {of sorrow). BonpeKH [vaprî^kî] prep with dat in spite of, despite; contrary to; '^ HheMy-Ji. mejiaHHK) against smb's desire. Bonpoc [vApros, -z] -a, -OB question; point {in a deask a quesbate); aaâib
-HTecb (with)
tion; 3T0 cepbesHbiH
it
is
matter; -- b tom, mo... the point is that...;

a serious <>
BOopyiKeHHJe
nîya] n
-a,
-ft
[vAAruzhe1.
H3HM
CMepTH
matter of life and death; equipment, equipping; 2. ar- HTO 3a ! of course!, no mament, arms; coKpameHHe doubt!; aio eme ~ that is a ^\i reduction of armaments; question; it remains to be H be armed seen if...; noA ôm undecidHMCTb Ha CHHib /e(5uipped with; c ed. Bop [vor] m -a, pi -u, -6b '-H discard {a weapon). BOopyiKHTb see eoopyjKaTb. thief; KapMaHHbift ^ pick-
armament,

pocket;
thief!;
<0>
53
-Huib,
Boe
p
-5ji,
;êp)KHTe
â\
stop
-y,
imp
-h 1.
Ha ~e uianKa ropHT prov an uneasy conscience be-
growl {of a dog); 2. col grumble, growl '{with discontent).

Boc... see B03...
trays itself. B0pBaTbC5i see BpbieaTbCH. BOpo6|eH [varAbêy] m-bi, -bCB sparrow; <> cTpejiHHbifl -~eH col an old bird, an old hand, an old
stager.
BOceMHaAuaTMH
nattsatty] eenth.
nattjat^,
num
-d^]
[vasî^mord eight[vasî^mcard -h,
BoceMHafluaT|b
num
-bK) eighteen.
Bop|oBaTb
perf
-yio,
-yft
[varAvat^]
im-
B6c|eMb [vosîm'^] num card -bMH, -bMbK) (-CMbib) eight.
imp
BopoH
raven.
-yeuib, p -oBaji, steal {money, etc). [voran] -ob -a,
BOceMbAecHT
s^'it,
[vosîm^'dî-
BOpoHla [vArona]
crow
(a bird);
^
-OK
nyraHafl --a Kycxa
prov
shy.
once
bitten,
[vAronka] funnel {for pouring liquids); 2. crater {made by

1.
Bop6M|Ka
card BOCbMHAeCHTH, BOCbMblOAeCHTblO (bOceMbiOAecHTbio) eighty. -u, BOceMbcoT [vasî^msot, -d] num card BOCbMHcoT, BOCbMH6ohtcsi CTaM, , BOCbMHCXaMH (bOtwice CeMblOCXaMH), (o) BOCbMHCXaX eight hundred. BOCK [vosk, -zg] -a (-y) / -kh,
-d]
num
wax, beeswax.
BOCKJlMKHlyXb -[vAskl'iknut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -H, BocKjiHUJaxb [vasklîtjat^] imperf -aro, -aeiiib exclaim, cry out. [vaskPitsaBOCKJiHiJ(aHH|e nîya] n -h, -h exclamation, cry. BOCKjiHU,axb see bockjihkHyxb.
shell, etc).
BopOT
-OB
[vorat,
{of
-d]
-a,
a garment). Bopoia [vArota] pi BOpoT gate(s); goal {posts in games).

collar
[varAt^n^'ik, -g] -OB collar {of a garturnment); oTJiojKHOH -down collar; ctoh'^hh stand-up collar. BopoHJaTb [vArochât**] im-
BOpOTHUK
-a,
perf -aK), -aeiiib move, shift; pieces of furniture, etc). BopoHJaTbCH [vArochâttâ] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubcn turn (over) {in bed); 6ecnoK6HHO --aTbCH toss (about) {on the bed).
turn {stdhes,
BOCKpecjaxb [vaskrî^sat^] imperf -aK), -aeuib, BOCKpecHJyxb [vAskrêsnut^] perf -y, -eiiib, p BocKpec, imp -h
1. rise from the dead; 2. fig revive etc); feeling, {of a -axb B naMHXH recur to one's memory.
nîya]
EOCKpeceHH|e [vaskrî'^sên -h I. relig resur-
BOpHlaTb [vArchât^J imperf
rection; 2. fig revival.
BOC
54
BOcnpexMXb see Bocnpemaxb, Bocnpemlaxb [vasprî^sh^:at^] perf
BOCKpeceH|be [vaskrî^sên^ya] n -lh, -hh Sunday. see BOCKpecHyxb BOCKpecaxb.
imperf
-aio,
-aeuib,
-hji,
BOcnpex'iHXb
[vasprî^tît'']
BOCKpecHbiH
a
[vAskrêsnty]
Sunday
{aitr);
Bocnpemy, -nmb, p
-H
jxenh
imp
prohibit,
interdict;
Sunday.
BOcnajieHHi^
n'îya]
BXOA ~eH no admittance, no

[v9spAlê-
entrance.
-a,
-h
inflammation
{of the lungs, etc).
BOcnpHHMHMBlbiH [vaspr^limchîviy] a sh f ~, -a, -o,
[vsspîta- -bi 1. receptive {mind); intelBOcnHTaHHJe nîya] n -h 1. education {of ligent {person); 2. susceptithe younger generation, the ble {to smth), etc); masses, upbringing; [vasprîBOcnpHMMMJaxb physical, nîmat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, training {mental, etc); xpyAOBoe ~-e labour up- BOcnp'iHHHXb [vasprînât^j bringing, education through perf -nuy-, -HMeiub, p -hhhji, 2. breeding, work; good -HHHJia, -HHHJIO, -HHHJIH, imp -HMH perceive, apprehend; breeding. BOcnHTaHH|hiH [vAspîtan- absorb, take in, grasp {ideas, {as); niy] a [pa] sh f BocnHTan, etc); interpret ~axb -a, -o, -bi well-bred, polite, KaK AOJiJKHoe accept Hxo-Ji. courteous; Aypno/ njioxo ~biH smth as a matter of course; ill-bred, rude. axb qxo-Ji. c yôBJiexBopeBOcnHxaxb see eocnnxbiBaxb. HHeM welcome smth. [vAspîtlBOcnHXbiB|axb BOcnpoHSBecxH see BocnpoV9t^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, eoc- HSBOJlHXb. nHxjaxb [vaspîtat^] perf-aio, BocnpoH3B|oflHxb [vaspraiz-aeiiib 1. bring up, educate; VAdît^] imperf -ojKy, -o^^HiUb, 2. foster, cultivate, inculcate. BOCnpOH3BieCXH [vaspraiz' BOcnjiaMeHMxbcji see boc- ^bjCgbj-bfj pgf^j: .Qjj^y^ -eAeiub, HJiaMeHHXbCH. p -en, -ejia, imp -cah 1. reBOcnjiaMeHJnxbcji [vaspb- produce {a sound, etc); 2.: mî^nâttja] imperf -nexcn, oAHXb B naMHXH call to BOcnjiaMeH nxbca mind. [ vasplamî^nîttja] BocnpoHSBOAcxB o*[ vaspraizperf -hxch, p -HJicH, -HJiacb catch fire, ig- votstva] n -a econ repropacumpeHHoe nite. duction; BOcnojibsoBaxbcsi see nojib- enlarged reproduction. SOBaXbCH 1. [vasstAvat^] BOccxalBaxb BocnoMHHaHHJe [vaspamî- imperf -lo, -eiub, p -BaJi, bocnanîya] n -h, pi -h, -h 1. cxa|xb [vAsstat^] perf -Hy, memory, recollection; 2. pi -Heiiib, p -Ji, imp -Hb revolt, memoirs, reminiscences. rise {against).
ô
55
BOccTaHaBjiHB|aTb
[vasstA-
a
-a,
-o,
-bi
Bom
sh f bocxhxhdelightful; exquisite {flower,
[vaskhî-
tîtîl^nty]
xejiCH,
etc).
navPivat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, BoccTaH|oBHTb [vasstanAv'ît^j perf -OBJIK), -OBHUIb, p -OBHJl,
store
delicious;
-OBH 1. rehabilitate, re(economy, etc); - aTb CBoe SAopoBbe recover one's health; 2. fig: aib b na-
imp
BOcxHiu|axbCJi
sh^:attsa]
MHTH
state
etc);
call
to
mind;
3.
rein-
imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH admire, be delighted {with), be carried away {by). BocxoA [vAskhot, -d] m -a,
-ob:
former employment, -aTb kofo-ji. b npaBax
(m
coJiHua sunrise.
BOCbMep|Ka
[vAs^môrka] f
restore smb to his rights, rehabilitate smb; 4. set, incite (smb against smb / smth). BoccTaHHle [vAsstanîya] n -H, -H uprising, rebellion, revolt; noAHHXb --e rise in rebellion.
-KH, -OK (an) eight; (the) eight.
BOCCTaHOBHTb
HaBJIHBaib.
See
BOCCTa-
Boccxaxb see BOCCTaBaxb. ~ BOcxoK [vAstok, -g] m -a east; na --e in the east; na OHa HAex here she is coming; eastward (s); noexaxb Ha 2. intens (with nouns) there's; JienxHH! there's a lazygo east. Bocxopr [vAstork, -g] m -a, -bones!; ~ MOJioêu! good for -OB delight, rapture; 6bixb b you [him, etc]l; 3. intens ~e ox qero-Ji. be delighted (with pron or adv) this / that with smth; 6bixb BHe ce6H ox is...; -^ Mxo H xoqy that's --abein raptures; npHBo^HXb what I want; ~ sxox this ~ delight smb; one; ~ h Bce that's all; Koro-Ji. B enrapture smb; npHXo^HXb b col BOX eiu,e! indeed!, ~ go into raptures, be de- what next!; '- xe6e (m) na!
BOCbMHAecflx|biH [vas^mîdî^sâtiy] numord eightieth; '-bieroAbi the eighties. BOCbMOH [vAS^'moy] num ord eighth, BOX [vot, -d] part 1. denoting the fact that smth is or is taking place before smb's eyes, here, etc here, there; h h here I am; '
^ ~
'
lighted.
col well,
never!;
well,
to
[vsstArgattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibOi be delighted (with); express one's delight (with). BOcxoHHbift [vAstoch^niy] a east, eastern; oriental. Bocxpe6oBaHH|e [vAstr^^bavanîya] n -h: ao -^h poste restante. ^ BocxHxHxejibHJbiH [vaskhî-
Bocxoprlaxbcsi
be sure!; axo Aa! col that's something like!; I should say!; box oho hxo! there it is!
BOXKHyxb
BOiiieji
[vAshla]
see BXbiKaxb. Bouijia [vAshol], 1st & 2nd persons
of bohxh; see BXOAHXb. BOUIb [VOSh, -Zh] /
BIUH,
dat
BuiH.
BuiH,
Buiefl
instr
BoiubK),
pi
louse.
BOH)
56
BnHxaTb see BnHTbieaTb. BnHTaTbCfl see BnHTbisaTbCH.
BOK) [voyu], Boeiub [voyash, -zh] see BbiTb.

see BoesaTb. [vAyuyu], BOibeiub [vAyuyash, -zh] BoesaTb. BRBAlaTb [fpAdat''] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, Bna|cTb [fpas^t'']
BOK)H [vAyuy]
BOK)K)
BnHTWB|aTb
imperf
-aio,
[fpîttvat^j
-aeuib,
Bnurlaxb
-aeiub
[fp'îtat^j
perf
-aro,
perf -Ay, -Aeiub, 1. (mo per/) fall
-ji,
imp
river);
-ah
dis2.
etc);
{into),
charge (m/o) fall {into a
(0/
reverie,
aTb
oTqaHHHe
give
way
absorb, imbibe {also fig). BnMTbiB|axbcn [fpîtWattsa] BnHx|axbC{i imperf -aexcH, [fpîtattsa] be perf -aexcH absorbed, soak {into). BnjioxHyio [fpUtnuyu] adv 1. close {to), very near {to)\
2.
to despair.
BnaflHHla [fpadîna] / -bi, hollow, cavity, depression. BnajibiH [fpalty] a sunken, hollow.
fig col in real earnest. [fplot^, -d^] adv: Ao (right) up to; down to {the smallest details, etc).
Bnjioxb
BnojiHe [fpAln^'e] adv quite,

fully.
BnacTb see BnaâTb

BnepBbie
for the first time.
2.
[fp'î^rvtyg]
[fp^'i^rôt,
adv
Bnonbixax [fpapikhakh, -gh]
adv
-d]
in
one's
haste;
in
BnepeA
adv
hurry.
forward; <> njiaxHTb

1.
pay in advance. BnepCAH [fp^'irî^d^'i] I adv

in
front;
Bnopy [fporu] adv col: 6biTb / npHHTHCb ~ fit {of clothes).

BnocjieACXBHH [fpAs^Petstadv afterwards, later on. BnoxbMax [fpAt^makh, -gh] adv in the dark.
vîi]
BCTaxb
--
take
a stand in front; hath - go in advance; 2.: y Hee mhopo
BpeMCHH
of time;
she
has
plenty
BnpaBO [fprava] adv to the

--' ot qero-A. to the right of smth; on the right
y nee ueJian >KH3Hb her whole life is before
right;
jkact ~? what of smth. does future hold in store for BnpeAb [fpr^'et^, -d*"] adv henceforth, in future; in the him?; prep with gen in front future; II of, before; hath Bcex go <> AO until, pending. BnporojiOAb ahead of all; [fprogalaf*, take the lead. adv. >KHTb live in <> 6biTb -d''] BnenaxjieHHle [fpîchî^tlê- (dire) poverty. BnpOK [fprok, -g] adv 1.: n -h, -h impression nîya] ~ store (up) {produced on smb, etc); ne- aaroTOBJiHTb OTpasHMoe ~e profound im- {for use later); 2.: hath ' pression; y MCHH TaKoe -~e, do good; eMy sto noHACT HTO... I have an impres- this will do him good, he
her; mto ero
sion, that...
will profit
by
this.
57
Bpe
enpoHCM [fprochîm] cj however, but; nevertheless. BnpbicKHB|aTb [fprls'^kîV9t^] -aeiiib, -aK), imperf
Bnpb'icHJyxb
-y,
[fprisnut^]
perf
-h
-emb,
{a
-yji,
imp
Bpaiujaxb [vrAsh^:at^] imperf -aK), -aeuib revolve, rotate, turn. BpamlaxbCH [vrAsh^:atts9] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH 1. revolve, rotate, turn; -~axbCH
BOKpyr qero-Ji. turn round [fpuskaf] im- smth, circle smth; --axbCH perf -aio, -aemb, BnycxlHib BOKpyr CBoeft och revolve on [fpus^tît^] perf enymy, Bny- its axis; 2. fig: ~aTbcn cpeCTHiEfa, p -Hji, imp -H let in, j\A yneHbix [aKxepoB u m. n.\ admit {into a room, etc). mix / mingle with scientists Bnycxyio [fpustuyu] adv [actors, etc]. col (al!) for nothing, to no Bpefl [vrêt, -d] m -a harm, purpose. injury; damage, loss; npHHoBpar [vrak, -g] m -a, -6b CHXb / npHqHHHXb ^ do harm; enemy; opponent [of smth). damage. [vrî^dîtîP] Bpa}Kala [vrAzhda] / -u enBpeflHxejilb mity, hostility; oHTaxb ~y m -H, pi -H, -eft 1. agric pest; K... feel animosity against... pi also vermin; 2. wrecker, BpaMCAe6H|biH [vrAzhdêb- saboteur. niy] a sh f BpajKêSeH, -a, BpeAH|biH [vrêdnjy] a sh -o, -bi hostile, inimical. -u (-bi) -a, -o, Bpe;ieH, f BpajKecKlHH [vrazhaskîy] hurtful, harmful, bad, injua -aH, -oe, -ne enemy {attr)., rious; unhealthy; ~aH npHhostile. BbiMKa bad habit; ---oe npoepacnjiox [vrAsplokh, -gh] h3b6actbo unhealthy trade. adv: saciaib / sacTHrnyTb ~ BpeMCHHO [vrêm^mno] adv take by surprise, take una- temporarily; ~ hcrojikhk)wares, surprise. mHH 06H3aHH0CXH (AHpCKTOpa Bparaplb [vrAtar'*] m -h, u m. n.) acting (director, -eft goalkeeper. etc). Bpaxb [vrat''] imperf spy, BpeMeHHJbiH [vr'em'mniy] Bpeuib,. p BpaJi, Bpajia, Bpa- a sh f {no m), -a, -o, -bi temJio, BpajiH, imp BpH, coBp|axb porary, interim; provisional [sAvrat''] -eiiib, perf -y, p {government, measure, etc). -aJi, -ajia, -ajio, -ajiH, imp -h BpeM|si [vrêmâ] n -chh, col lie, tell lies; Bpeuib! it's pi -ena, -ch, -enaM 1. time a lie! {1) a period or interval; 2) a Bpan [vrach^, -j^] m -a, point in duration; a precise,
inject
fluid, medicine).
BnycK|aTb
-eft
HOH
physician,
dentist.
doctor;
3y6-
usual, or proper moment; 3) duration, continuance); cKOJib-
BpaneCHbiH a medical.
[vrAchêbnly]
Ko ~eHH? what eme He Hacxajio
time
is
it?;
~h
the time
BpH
58
part
-g]
has not come yet; 2. time, epoch; times; 3.: --h roâ season {of the year); 4. ling
tense; tense; tense;
O^
jiH [vrâtPi] Bpflfl hardly, scarcely,
BcaAHHK
-a,
[fsad^n^'ik.
npoiiie;tiiiee
6yAymee
>~fl
all
~h past ~h future
Bce
the time; al-
ways; B nocjieflHee '-a lately, of late, recently; b cbgc -â one's at one time; in 1) time; 2) in due course; na
"-ji
-08 rider, horseman. Bce [fsê] pron pi -x, -m, (-X), -MH, (o, o6o) -X see Becb. Bce I [fsô] pron n Bcero, BceMy, ~, BceM, (o6o) -m see Becb.
for a time,
for a while;
Ha nepeoe ~Ji for a start; B TO ~fl KaK while; c xene-
HHCM
~eHH
in
time,
neg sentences); tually; CO ~eHeM course;with the years;TeM~e- n part used in- comparisons HCM meanwhile; a ox ^chh for emphasis: ~ Jiyqiue h from time to time; co chh JiyHiue better, and better; (HameS Bcxpe^H u m. n.) since 66Jibiiiee KOJiiiêcxBO Jiiojieu. (our meeting, etc). an ever increasing number BpH [vrî] see epaxb. of people; -^ BospacxaiomHH BpoAe [vrodî] prep with ever increasing, ever growing; gen like, such as; He^xo ~ <> ~ xe nevertheless, still. Bce... first element of comcol a kind of. Bpo)KAeH|HbiH [vrAzhdMn- pounds, corresp in meaning nty] a inborn, innate; con- to eecb: BcepoccHHCKHH [fsîrAsîyskîy] All-Russian. genital. Bpy [vru], Bpeiiib [vrôsh, BCeBOSMO^HblH [fs'ÎVAZmozhniy] a all kinds of, ail -zh] see epaxb. Bpynjaxb [vruchât^] imperf possible, various. BpyH|HXb [vru-aio, -aeuib, BcerAa [fsî^gda] adv alch^'it^] perf -y, -Hiub, p -hji, ways. Bcero I [fsî^vo] gen & ace imp -H 1. hand, hand in, deliver; present {credentials, of Becb & Bce; see secb.
evenin due
Bce II [fsô] col I adv 1. the time; 2. still {up to the present time); yet {in neg sentences); eme still {up to the present time); yet {in
all
etc);
2.
fig
entrust
{one's
fate, etc).
BpuBJaxbcsi imperf -awcb,

pBJaxbCJi -ycb, -euibCH,
-aJiocb
jiHCb),
[vrivattja] bo[vArvattsa] perf

-aeiiibCH,
Bcero II [fsî^vo] I adv altogether, (all) in all; II part only, only just, but;
<> -HaBceroonly, only just, but. BCCH [fsêy] gen, dat, instr & pr of bch; see Becb. BcejieHH|aji [fs^'i^Pennaya] / -OH universe.
-aJiCH, -ajiacb,
(-ajiocb),
imp
-ajiHCb (-a-HCb, -Hxecb burst

etc).
{into
a room,
59
BcejiHTb see BcejiHib. BcejiHTbCJi see BceJinxbCH.
BcejilflTb
-HK),
-neiiib,
BCK
[fsî^lâf^] imperf
BceoSmlHH [fsî^6psh^:iy] a -an, -ee, -He general, universal {practice t joy, etc).
Bcepbes
in
[fs'î^'r^yos,
-z]
BcejiJHTb
-10,
[fs**!^-
adv
lît^]
perf
-H
1.
-Hiiib,
-h;i,
imp
a
put {tenants into lodge; hx '--HJiH HOByK) KBapxHpy B they have been given a new flat; 2. fig inspire {smh with
house)',
install,
seriously; npHHHMaxb take seriously. BcecoK)3HbiH [fsîsAyuznly] a AU-Union, national, USSR
earnest,
{attr).
smth',
ro-Ji.
smth into
stub),
imbue
~HTb b koHaAe>K;iy raise hopes in smb's breast; give smb hopes; HTb cxpax excite fear.
{smh with smth)',
BcecTOpOHHJHH [fsîstAronâ all-round, thorough, comprehensive, detailed. Bce-raKH [fs'ôtakî] cf &

n'îy]
part nevertheless,
for
all
still,
yet,
that.
BcejijflTbCM
[fsî^lâttja]
imperf -niocb,
ji|HTbC5i
-lOCb, -HIlIbCH,
-nembCH,
Bceperf
&
Bcex [fsêkh, -gh] gen, ace pr of Bce; see bccb.
[fsî^Pittj9]
-HJICH, -HJiaCb,
[fsî*^tsel9] Bceuejio entirely, wholly.
adv
imp -HCb, -Hiecb move {into BCKaKHBlaxb [fskakîvat^] a dwelling); install oneself imperf -aio, -aeuib, BCKOH|Hxb {in a dwelling). [fskAchît^] perf -y BCKo^Hiiib, BccM [fsêm] instr of Becb p -HJi, imp -H 1. jump {1) & Bce, dat of Bce; see Becb. on to a chair, etc, 2) into a BCCM [fsôm] pr of Becb & tram, etc)', 2. jump up; bckoBce; see Becb. qpixb c nocxejiH jump out of BceMepHO [fsî^mêrna] adv bed; BCKoqHXb na hofh jump in every possible way. up, jump to one's feet. BceMH [fsêmî] instr of BCKHnjixHxb see KHnnxHXb. BCKOjibSb [fskoPs^, -z^] adv Bce; see Becb. BCeMHpHO - HCTOpHHCCK H H casually, in passing; cKaaaxb -qxo-Ji. make a casual [ fsî^mîrnaistArîchîskîy ]
,
\
-an, -oe, -He of world historical significance / impor-
remark. BCKope
{after),
[fskorî]
adv
soon
tance.
shortly {after).
BceMHpHbiH [fs^'i^mîrnty] a world {attr), world-wide. BceMy [fsî^mu] dat of Becb
BCKOHHTb SCe BCKaKHBaXb. BCKpHKHB axb [fskr^'ikî vatî imperf -aio, -aemb, BCKpHKI
&
Bce;
see Becb.
HJyTb
-eiiib,
[fs^mArodBceHap6AH|biH nty] a sh f BcenapoAeH, -a, -o, -bi national, nation-wide; oe AeJio the common cause
of
[fskr^'iknut^] perf -y, -yji, imp -h cry out,
scream. BCKpbiB|aTb [fskrivat^] imperf

-aK),
-aeiub,
BCKp|bixb
-oeuib,
the nation.
[fskrtt^]
perf
-6k),
BKC
-tiji,
60
imp
fig
-OH 1. open, unseal; reveal, disclose;
2.
BCKpbiTb cepbe3Hbie HeAocxaxKH lay bare serious short-
hot-tempered, quicktempered. BcnbixHB|axb [fsplkh^'ivat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, BcnbixHJyxb [fsplkhnut''] perf -y,
-euib,
comings. BCKphiBJaxbcn -aexcH, imperf
-yji,
imp
out
-h
1.
blaze
{of
[fskrtvattsa]
BCKp|uxbcsi
[ fskr I tts9 ] p^r/ -oexcH, CH, -biJiacb 1. burst,
-biJi-
{of
an
abscess);
2.:
break pen a
BCKpbiJiacb the ice in the river has broken up. BCKpbixb see BCKpbisaxb. BCKpbiTbCsi see BCKpbieaxbCH. BCJieA [fs^'lêt, -d] 1 adv: -^ 33 after, following; haxh '- sa KeM-;i. follow smb; II prep with dat: CMOxpexb '^ KOMy-Ji. follow smb with one's eyes. BCJieflcxBHe [fs^'l^'etjtvîya]
a a fire; also fig); 2. flush, blush. Bcnbiiu|Ka [fsplshka] / -kh, -CK flash {of lightning, 1. etc); 2. outburst {of emotions); fit {of anger, etc). Bcxajeaxb [fstAvat^] imperf
up,
fire;
take
flash
{of
light);
break
-K),
-eiub,
-BaJi,
imp -Ban,
Bcxajxb [fstat^] perf Bcxany,

BCxaHeuib, stand up,
-Ji,
imp -Hb
up;
1.
rise, get
Baxb
prep with gen in consequence

of,
owing
to.
BCJiyx
[fslukh,
-gh]
adv
aloud.
BCMaxpHBlaxbCH
[fsmatri-
V9ttj9] imperf -aracb, -aemb[fsmAtrêCH, BCMOxplexbCH ttja] per/-K)Cb, BCMoxpHiubCH, p -eJicH, -eJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb peer {into, at); scrutinize, look closely.
H3-3a cxojia get up from the table; Korâ oh -~ex? when does he get up?; h y>Ke ~ji I'm up already; ~Baxb Ha qxo-Ji. get on smth; 2. fig rise, rise up {to defend smth). BCxaBHXb see BcxaBJiHXb. BCxaBJi|MXb [fstAvPat''] imperf -HKD, -HeUIb, BCXaBJHXb [fstav^'it*'] perf -jiio, -Huib, p
-HJI,
imp
-h
put
fix
in,
fix
iji;
put
{into),
{into);
~HXb
made.
xpcBO-
3y6bi have a set of teeth BOX ax b see Bcxasaxb.
BcxpCBOJKHXb
JKHXb
1.
see
Bcnaxaxb see naxaxb. BcnoMHH|axb [fspamînat^] BcnoMimperf -aK), -aeiub,

HJHXb
-HUJb,
BCxpexHXb
C5I.
see Bcxpeâxb. BcxpexHxbCJi see Bcxpenaxh-
(fspomnît**]
recall,
imp -H remember.
-HJi,
perf -kd, recollect,
BCxpeHJa
2.
[fstrêchâ] / -h,
,
~1. meeting {by accident
etc);
BcnoMoraxejibHbiH ffspamAgatîPnly] a auxiliary, subsidiary.
sport meeting, meet, match; 3. reception {1) a formal welcome; 2) a formal assembly);
Bcnoxexb
see
noxexb
1.
[fsplPch^'iBcnbijibHHBlbiH viy] a sh f --t -a, -o, -bi
reunion {of friends, etc). [fstr^'i^chât*'] BcxpeH|axb imperf -aio, -aeuib, BCxpex|HXb
[fstrêtît^]
-Hiub,
61
BC$I
perf
BCTpe^y,
-b
1.
-Hji,
imp
meet
{smh, a train, etc); 2. receive, aib rocTefl {smb)\ greet welcome one's guests; 3. meet aTb with {kindness, etc)',
marry smb; ---aTb b AeficTBHe come into operation; ~aTb b cHJiy come into effect; ajb
B CBOM npaBa
assert
oneself;
Ten.HbiH
[xoJioAHbm]
[cold]
c
get a
' aTb
warm
npHCM welcome; perf
Ha nyib {neeo-A.) embark on the path {of). BCTynjaTbCH [fstupattsa] im-aKx:b,
axb
yAOBJieTBOpeHHCM welcome; aTb anjioAHCMCHTaMH greet with applause; <> ~aTb B uiTbiKM give a
hostile reception; aib H6BbiH roA see the New Year in. [fstrî^châBCTpeHlaxbCJi ttâ] imperf -aKXb, -aeuibCH, [fstrêtîttsa] BCTpexlHTbCfl -HuibCH, p perf BCTpeMycb,
-HJicH,
n|HTbCji
-jiiocb,
-aeiubCH, [fstupMttja]
Bcryperf
BCiynHmbCH, p -hjich, imp -HCb, -Hxecb stand up {for), stick up {for).

-HJiacb,
BCTynHTejibH|biH [fstupMtîPnty] a introductory; entrance {attr); ~oe cjiobo
opening address. BCTynMTb see BciynaTb.

BcrynHTbCJi see BCTynaxbCH. BCxoAJHTb [fskhAdît^] imperf BCXO>Ky, BCXOAHUIb, p
-HJI,
-HJiacb,
1.
imp
-bCH,
-biecb
lines, etc);
tle of
meet {of people, meet with, come
imp
-H,
b3o|hth [vzAytMl
-HAeuib,
across; 2. see {each other; lit-
perf
-iiijia,
-HAy,
smb, etc); 3. be found {in some area, of plants, etc).

a:
imp
{to),
-HAH
rise
ascend
tain);
p -meji, mount, climb {a moun1.
head wind; noesA train from the opposite
BCTpeHHbiii [fstrêch^niy]
2.
{of
the
sun,
Bexep
moon)
BCK) [fsû] ace
BCflKJHH [fsâkîy] I pron erybody. def -an, -oe, -ne 1. any; evBCTynjaxb [fstupat^] imperf ery; 2. all kinds of, all wts >aK), -aeuib, BCTyn|HTb [fstupHi^] perf -jik), BCTynHuib, p II as a noun 1. bchkIhA -HJi, imp -H 1. enter, march m -oro, -hx anyone; every{into); 2. join {a party, trade union, etc); 3. enter {into), start {an argument, conversa-
nepBbiH -^ col meets; anybody; {Kamji^bm) h nonepeHHbiH col anybody and ev-
direction; -plan; 1 1 as a noun -oro, -bix:
of
bch; see
njian
counter-
Becb.
BCWAy [fsûdu] adv every-
BcxpeHHlbiH
where. BCH [fsâ]

Bceft,
the first
man one
pron f bcch, BtK), Bceft, (o, o6o) BceH
see Becb.
one;
2.
anything;
BCHKJoe n -oro ôe fibiBaex things
tion, etc);
-âxb
6paK c
kcm-ji.
do happen; BO -~0M cjiywae in any case, anyhow; na hh cjiy-
BTH
62
~
Hoe saBefldHHe) technical college
-aio,
/
Hafi just in case; to make sure; to be on the safe side.
BTHXoMOJiKy [ftîkhAmolku] adv col on the quiet.

BTOpr|aTbCJi [ftArgattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubcn, sTOpr[ftorgnuttja] JHyTbCfl perf -Hycb, -Heiuben, p -ch, -Jiacb invade {a country), encroach (upon), break (into). BTopHHHo [ftArîch^na] adv a second time, for the second time. BTOpHHHbiH [ftArîch^niy] a 1. second (reading, etc); 2. sec-
BxbiKJaxb
institute. [ftikat^]
-y,
-aeiiib,
imperf BoxKHlyxb [vAtk-eiiib,
nut^] perf
-yji,
needle, etc); drive (a stake, etc, into smth). BxflrHBJaxb [ftâgîv9t^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, BXHHlyxb [ftî^nut^] perf -y, BXHHeiub, p -yji, imp -H 1. pull in, draw in; pull (into, on to),
(a
imp
-H stick
draw
in;
(into, on to); 2. breathe absorb (a liquid); 3. fig draw (into); involve (in).
ondary (symptoms, etc). BxnrHB|aTbcsi [ftâgîvaBTOpHHK [ftornîk, -g] m ttja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiiibCH, BTflHJyxbcsi [ffî^nuttjs] perf -a, -OB Tuesday. BTOpoH [ftAroy] I num ord -ycb, BXHHeuibCH, p -yjicH, & a \. second; 2. the latter -yjiacb, imp -Hcb, -Hxecb get used (to); become keen (on). (of two); l\ BxJiHyxb see BxnrHBaxb. as a noun Bxoploe n -oro^ -bix second course (of BxanyxbCfl see BXHPHBaxbCH. Bys [vus, -z] m -a, -ob a meal). BToponflx [ftarApâkh, -gh] (=Bbiciiiee yMednoe saBeêadv hastily, in a hurry; in HHe) higher educational esone's hurry,
RTopocTeneHHibiH [ftaras^tî^p^'enntyj a sh f exopocTeneneH, -a, -o, -bi minor

(question, etc). B-TpeibHX [ftrêtîkh] parenth thirdly. BTpoe [ftroya] adv\. threefold, three times (as much, MeHbme a third mamy, etc); fold in (o^2.: cJiojKHTb three. BTpoeiM [ftrAyom] adv referring to three people: mm [oHH, Bbi] the three of us [of them, of you]. BTys [ftus, -z] -a, -ob (=Bbicmee xexHHHecKoe yqe6-
tablishment. ByjiKaH [vulkan] volcano.
m
m
-a,
-ob
-ob
BXOA [fkhot,
1.
-d]
-a,
entrance (the act or right admission, admittance; of); 2. entrance (door); cjiy>Ke6HbiH ~ staff entrance. BxoAJHxb [fkhAdît^] imperf BXOJKy, BXOAHiiib, p -Hji, imp boh|xm -H, [vAytî] perf
p Boiueji, Bomjia, imp -AH 1. enter (a room, step inside; etc); come in, come (into a house, etc); go
-Ay, -Aeiiib,
go (into a room, go in (when there is enough room); go Unto a conin (enter);

etc); 2.
^
tainer); 3. go {into stub's interests, etc)',
63
BuiH
[fshi],
Buieft
Bbl5
details,
4.
[fshey]
be a
see Boiub.
member (of); take ~HTb B cocxas be

(of),
part (in);
a
be
(a)
part
(a)
member HXb (of);
B-bcsA [vyest, -zd] -a, -OB entrance (for trans1. port); 2. approach (a way
B qHCjio be
part (of), be
leading
to...).
reckoned (among);
<> ~HTb B MOAy come into fashion; ~HTb b cMjiy / b achCTBHC come into effect; ~HTb B 6biT become usual in our
BTjCsiKlaxb
[vyi^zh^.-at^]
pHe
~HTb b aobclife; K KOMy-ji. win smb's confidence; -~HTb b nbe-ji. nojiojKeHHe sympathize with
[their]
smb, understand smb's position, put oneself in smb's place; --HTb b HcropHio go
down
npeAJio^KeHHCM
CTBO the government.

BIJCIIC abbrev (m)
history; -^Hxb c b npasHxejibsubmit a proposal to

in
[ve-tse-es-pe-es]
(=BcecoK)3HbiH
UeHxpajibHbifi CoBex npo4)ecCHOHajibHbix Coiosob) the
imperf -aio, -aeiub, B-belxaxb [vyekhat^] perf -Ay, -jxeuih, p -xaji 1. ride in, drive in; ride (into), drive (into); enter (on horseback or in a vehicle); 2. move (into a new flat). Bbi [vi] pron pers 2nd person pi (and polite, respectful sing) Bac, Ban, sac, BaMH, (o) Bac you; 6e3 Bac without you; Kxo ji,aji BaM axy KHHry? who gave you this book?; h BHAeJi Bac I saw you; oh aoBOJieH BaMH he is pleased with you; mu roBopHJiH o sac we spoke about you; Bhkxop ceftqac y Bac? is Victor at your place now? Bbi... pref denoting 1. com-
of Council Trade pletion of an action: Bbmrpaxb Unions of the USSR. [viigrst^] win, gain; 2. moveBHepa [fchî^ra] adv yester- ment to the outside: Bbi6eday; -^ yxpoM yesterday morn- >Kaxb [vibîzhat^] run out
Central
ing;
HOHbK)
last
night
(of the house, etc); 3.
(after midnight).
ment of an end by an
BbixpeCoBaxb
BHepauJHHH [fchî^rashnîy] yesterday's; Becb aenb
attainaction: [vftr'ibavat^J
demand and
the whole of yesterday.
BbiSMBJdxb
BMexBepo [fchêt^vîrs] adv fourfold, four times (as much, many, etc); -^ MeHbuie a quarter (of); 2.: cjioH^HXb
1.
perf -aio, bît^] perf -bio, -beiiib, p -hji, imp -eH 1. knock out (a wedge,
etc);
obtain. [vibîvat^] im-aeuib, Bbi6|HXb [vl-
'-
fold in four.
smash (a window); bh6HXb npoxHBHHKa dislodge the

2.
BHexBepoM [fchît^vî^rom] adv referring to four people:

Mbi [oHH, Bbi] the four of us [of them, of you].
enemy;
beat out (the dust);
<> Bbl6HXb Aypb H3 rOJlOBbl col knock the nonsense out of smb.
Bbid
[vib^'irat'']
64
BbiSHpjaTb
im-
-aeiiib, BbiSplaxb perf -aK), [vibrat^] perf Bbi6epy, Bbi6epeuib, p -aji, imp Bbi6epH choose; select, pick out; 1. --aHTe! take your choice!; 2. elect {representatives, etc); 3. take (everything) out.
BblBCCHTb see BblBeiUHBaib. BbiBec|Ka [vivîska] / -kh, -OK J. sign, signboard; 2. fig: Koii under the guise noA
(0/).
BbiduTb see BtidHBaxb. [vibar] Bbi6op m -a 1. choice; alternative; ocxaHoBHTb CBOH -- Ha HCM-ji. choose
BblBOAHTb. BbiBeuiHB|aTb [vivêshiV9t^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, bwBecJHTb [vivîsît^J perf BbiBb'lBeCTH see
-Huib, p -HJI, imp -h hang out {a flag, etc); put up {an announcement).
Beiiiy,
smth,
fix
on
smth;
no
cbo-
BbiBHXHlyxb
[vtvîkhnut^]
CMy
of one's own choice; 2. Bbi6op|bi pi -OB election(s); HATH Ha ~bi go to the polls; < Ha ~- at choice.
^y
perf -y, -eiiib, p -yji, imp -h put out (of joint), dislocate; '-yxb Hory sprain one's foot. BbiBOA [vivat, -d] -a, -ob
[vibarniy] a Bbi6opHbiH elective {office); electoral. Bbi6opbi see Bbi6op 2. Bbi6pacbiB|aTb [vibrastvat^] Imperf -aio, -aeiiib, Bbi6pocJHTb [vtbras'ît^] perf Bbi6poiijy, -HUJb,
1.
1.
withdrawal-
{of
troops);
p -HJi, imp -b throw out; discard {give up); chuck out; aib b okho vîs^tî] perf -Ay, -Aeiub, p throw out of the window; -ji, imp -AH 1. lead out, take ' axb Ha 6eper cast ashore; out; help out; Hib BoficKa troops; 2. expel, 2. fig col waste, squander, withdraw remove {smb from a committhrow away;
<^ Bbl6pOCHTb H3 FOJIOBbl COl put out of one's head. Bbi6paTb see Bbi6HpaTb. Bbi6pocHTb see Bbidpacbmaib. BbidbiBJaTb [vibivat^] imtee,
conclusion, inference; cAejiaxb -- draw a conclusion; npHHTH K ~y arrive at a conclusion. BbiBOA|HTb [vivAdît^] imperf BbIBO>Ky, BblBOAHlUb, p -HJI, imp -H, BblBejCTH [vl2.
etc);
3.
exterminate,
destroy
{vermin);
remove
grow, raise {animals); hatch {from the egg); ~HTb H3 3a6jiy}KAeHHfl <> Bbi6|biTb undeceive, open the eyes {of); -êiub, perf -aw, [vibU^l perf -y^y, -yAeuib, ~HTb Koro-Ji. H3 ce6M put p -biji leave, quit; -ârb h3 smb beside himself; Hib Hrpbi leave the game, quit, Koro-Ji. H3 TepneHHH try smb's patience; BbiBCCTH Koro-Ji. h3 be out of it; xepneHHfl exasperate smb; 1) quit -<^ Bbl6bITb H3 CXpOfl the ranks; 2) mil become a -~HTb M3 CTpOH put OUt of action, disable; destroy {milcasualty. itary equipment). BUBeSTH see BblBOSHTb.
{stains); 4.
65
BbiBos [vtvas, -z] -a econ export; exports. BblBOSJHTb [viVAZh't^] imperf BbiBOHcy, BbmoaHiub, p -HJI, imp -H, BbIBe3|TH [vlvîs^tî] perf -y, -eiiib, p -, /mp -H 1. take out (0/ resome place by vehicle);
-jia,
BbIA
move
[garbage, etc); 2. export. BbirjiaAMTb see rjia^Hib 1 [vlgl^'adît^] BbirjiHAleTb

Bb'irjiHH<y, -HLUb,
[vlgnat^] perf -ohic, -oHHiub, -Haji, imp -OHH drive out, expel {from home, school, etc); Bbirnaxb Koro-ji. c paSoxbi col give smb the sack / bird. BbirpyiK|aTb [vtgruzhat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, Bbirpy3;HTb [vlgruzît^] perf bmrpyjKy, -Huib, p -hji, imp -h
unload {cargo,
BbiAaJBarb
perf
-Baft,
-K),
etc).
[vfdAvat'']
im-
imperf
p -eji, imp -H look {bad, young; etc). [viyPadtBbirJiÂbiB|aTb
-euib,
-Baji,
imp
-M,
BbiAaJTb -mb, -CT,
[vtdat^l
-;iHM,
-aio, vat^] -aeiiib, imperf BbirjiMHJyTb [vlglânut^l per}
-y,
-euib,
-yji,
imp
-h
1.
-AyT, p -Ji, -Jia, imp give, hand; distribute; 2. give up {a criminal); extradite;
3.
perf -AHxe, -h 1.
look out (0/ the window, etc); out {through smth), 2. peep emerge {from behind smth). BbirHaTb see BbiroHHXb. BbiroBapMB|aTb [vigAvarîV9t^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, bm-
give away, betray {a secret,

4.
etc);
set
up
{for),
make
roBop|HTb
-K),
1.
[vtgavar'ît^]
-Huib,
-HJI,
imp
pronounce, utter; 2. perf) col reprimand, rebuke.

BbiroBOp
-OB
1.
perf -H {no
-a,
3a give oneself out to be smb, pretend to be smb. BbiAaJBaTbcn [vidAvattsa] imperf -K)Cb, -euibCH, p -Baji{for);
pass
-^-oaxb
ce6H
Kor6-;i.
CH,
-Bajiacb, imp -BaftcH, -Baflxecb, BbiAa|Tbcsi [vfda-
tts9] perf -MCH, -iUbCH,
-jicn,
[vfgavar]
-jiacb,
imp
-iicH,
mode
pronunciation {the 1. stick out, 2. reprimand; re- out; 2. be conspicuous {for); stand out {among proof; scolding. others); BbiroBopHTb See BuroBapH- 3. occur, happen to be; bmAajiCH xopouiHH AeHb it hapBaib I BbiroAJa [vig9d9] / -bi, ~ pened to be a fine day; y BblâJIOCb advantage, benefit; profit, MCHH HeCKOJIbKO gain; HSBJie^b y derive ben- qacoB I happened to have a efit {from); sto âeT mhofo few hours to spare. ~ this has many advantages. BbiAaxb see BbiAaBaxb. BbiroAHibiH [vigadniy] a sh BbiAaxbC5i see BUAaBaxbCH. BbiAaHJa [vfd9ch^9] / -h, f Bbiro;teH, -a, -o, -bi advantageous {position, etc); prof- 1. delivery {handing over); itable; paying. distribution, issue, payment; BbiroHlflTb [vigAnât^] im- 2. extradition. [vtdAyuBbiAaH)ii;|HHCH perf -HK), -Hemb, Bbir|HaTb
of);
-Hxecb protrude, jut
BWfl
outstanding,
66
BbijtepwaTb see BhijêpmaBaxb. Bbi;iep)KHB|aTb [vid^'erzhlV9t^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, bmflep)K|aTb [vidîrzhat^] perf
-y,
1.
sh^:iys^9] a [pa] -ancH, -eecH, -HecH remarkable, distin-
guished;
emi-
[vidvîgat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, bwabhH|yTb [vfdvînut^] perf -y,

-eiub,
nent. BbijlBHrlarb
-Hiiib,
-aji,
imp
-h
er a storm; Bbi;tep>Kaxb drawer; 2. fig HcnbixaHHe stand the test; put forward, suggest {a theory, BbiAep>Kaxb 3K3aMeH pass an idea, etc); âxb Bonpoc raise examination; 2. contain onea question; ^-axb o6BHHeHHe self; OHa He BbiAepHâjia h npoTHB Koro-ji. bring a charge/ pacnjiaKajiacb she broke down an accusation against smb; and burst into tears; axb Ha nepBbifl njian put in <> BbiflepJKaxb pojib keep up the forefront; aib na ne- one's role; Bbiêpâxb xapaKpeAHHH njian push into the xep stand firm, be steadfast; foreground; 3. nominate {to be true to oneself; Bbijiepan office; a candidate); pro- }Kaxb TpH H3;iaHHfl run into mote (to a higher position). three editions.
out,
p -yji, imp -h 1. pull move out; aib hiuhk

open
a
bear, stand, sustain {also fig); BbiAepJKaxb 6ypK) weath-
(cTOJia)
photo exposure. II [vldîrshka] / -KH, -eK quotation, excerpt. Bbinox [vfdakh, -gh] m -a, -OB expiration, exhalation. BbijipecCHpoBaxb see ApeccHpOBaxb. BbwyMaxb see BbiAyMbmaxb. Bbi;ieji|TbCJi [vid^'i^lâttja] imperf -^KDCb, -HeuibCH, bwBbiflyMbiBJaxb [vidumtvat^] Bbi^yflcji] HTbCM [vldîPittja] perf imperf -aio, -aeiub, M|aTb [vidumat^] perf -aio, -K)Cb -HIUbCH, p -HJICH, -H.TaCb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb be distin- -aeuib 1. invent, devise; 2. guished (by), stand out {]) concoct, fabricate, make up; smth; from others; 2) <> He ~aH! col 1) do as you for are told!; 2) stop this nonagainst a background). BbiAep)KaHH|biH [vidîrzhan- sense! -zd] m -a, niy] a [pa] sh f BbiAepâH, Bbiesfl [vfyast, 1. departure, leaving; -a, -o, -bi self-possessed; -OB 1. 2. ripe {cheese, tobacco, etc); 2. exit, way out {for vehicles); '^ H3 ropoAa town gates. old (wine).
er;
2.
BHJiejlHTb see RblêJIHTb. BbiAejiHibCH. Bbi;ieji|Tb [vidî^lât^] imperf -hkd, -Heiub, BbijteJi|HTb [vtdîlît^] -lo, perf -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. single out, choose; allot {money); 2. portion {give as a share); 3. mark out {as suitable for); distinguish {smb).
!?tiiflejiHTbcsi see
Bb'wepjKKJa I [vidîrshka] / 1. self-control, self-possession; endurance, staying pow-H

BfaijiepjK|Ka
67
BblK
fviyi^zh^.-at^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, BWHrpIarb Bbie3}KlaTb imperf -aio, -aeuib, Bbie|xaTb [vtigratÎ perf -aio, -aeuib [viyskhat^] perf -jxy, -A'ûih, win, gain; Bbinrpaxb y kofo-ji. p -xaji 1. leave, go out (of); beat smb, defeat smb {in a ~aTb H3 ropoAa leave the game, etc). BbiHrpbiui [viigrish, -zh] m town; aib na Aany go to the country; Bbiexaib sa rpa- -a, -eft 1. prize {in a lottery, HHuy go abroad; 2. move, etc); winnings; 2. gain, profchange residence; axb h3 it; winning {the act of). BbiHrpbiuiHbiH [vligrishnty] KsapTHpbi move, change resa advantageous {position, etc). idence. Bb'lHTH see BblXOAHTb 1, 2, BbiSBaxb see BbisbieaTb. BbI3A0paBJIHB{aTb [vizdA- 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. BbiKHAbiBJaTb [vikîdivat^] ravPivat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, Bbi3;topoB|eTb [vizddv^vîi^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, BbiKHH|yTb perf -eio, -eeuib recover, be [vlkînut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -b throw out; discard convalescent, get better.
Bbi30B [vizaf, -v]

1.
-a, -ob
2.
summons,
{to
subpoena;
contest,
{give up); chuck out; axb B OKHO throw out of the
challenge
etc);
window; ~axb Ha 6eper cast

ashore.
BbiKJid;ibiBlaxb [vikladtvat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, BWJiOH(|HTb [vfbzhtt^f -HUib, perf -y, p -HJi, imp -H 1. take out {things from a suitcase, etc); lay out, spread out; 2. fig col tell plainly, unbosom, set (before smb) {one's thoughts,
etc);
3.;
defiance. Bbi3biB|dTb [vizivat^] im-aeuib, Bbi3B|aTb perf -aio, [vlzvat^j perf Bbi30By, sbisoBeuib, p -aji, imp Bbi30BH 1. call {a doctor, a taxi, etc); âxb aKiepa call an actor before the curtain; âib na 6hc encore; 2. challenge (to
a contest, etc); 3. summon (to a court, etc); 4. arouse, excite; call forth, provoke,
cause;
axb
brick;
--axb
Knpinmou KaMueM face
-aib
Koro-ji.
BocnoMHHaHHe MCM-Ji. remind
with masonry; ~axb njiHxaMH flag {a pavement, etc). BbiKjiioMaxejiIb [viklûchâtîP]
smb
of
Koro-ji..
smth; axb cjiesbi y draw tears from smb;

give rise to
-H,
-eft
electr switch.
BbiKJiio-
BbiKJiK)H|axb
[vikPuchâtÎ
perf -y,
>-aTb coMHeHHH doubt.
imperf -aio, -aemb, H|HXb [vfklûchît^j

-Huib,
off,
Bbi3bi6aK)ii;|HH [vizivayush^:iy] a [pa] -an, -ee, -He defiant; outrageous, revolting; provocative {behaviour, etc).
-HJi,
imp
-H
switch
light,
turn
off
{electric
BbiHrpaTb see BbmrpbiBarb. BWHrpbiBJaTb [viigriv9t^]
gas, etc); cut off {the telephone, etc); ~aTb Moxop shut off / stop an engine.
BbiKpacHTb see KpacHXb
1.
BblK
68
BbiMneji [vimp^'il]
BbiKpoHK|a [vtkraykal / -h, BbiKpoeK pattern {for sewing). BbiKynaTb see Kynaib. BUKynaTbcsi see KynaibCH,
BblJI
-a, -ob
pennant; pendant.
BblMblTb see MblTb. BblMblTbCH see MblTbCH.
BbiMbiiijjieHHMH
[Vil]
-aio,
see BblTb.
[vfmishPin-
BbiJie3|aTb
perf
[vilî^zat^] imBbiJie3|Tb -aeuib,

-y,
1.
niy] a [pa] concocted, fabricated; invented; imaginary,

fictitious.
BbiM|5i
[vllîs^t^]
perf
-H
-eiub,
^,
-Jia,
imp
crawl out;
[vfmâ] n -chh ud-
climb out; 2. col get out {of 3. fall out, a tram, etc); come out {of hair); wear {of
fur).
der.
BMJienHTb see jiennxb 1. Bbi;ieT|aTb [vtPi^tat^] imperf

-aio,
-aeuib,
BbiJierjeTb
BblHCCTH see BblHOCHTb. BbiHHMJaTb [vinîmat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, BbiHJyTb [vfnut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -b take out {of a bag, etc); pull out {a handkerchief,
etc).
[vllîtît^] perf BhiJieny, -Huib, p -en, imp -h start, leave
(by air); <> 3T0 Bbwerejio y mchm h3 rojioBbi it has escaped me. BbiJie4HB|aTb [vtl*'echîv9t^]
-aeiub, BbiJieimperf -aro, H|HTb [vilîchît^] perf -y, bring out; ocHTb mto-ji, bo -Hiiib, p -HJi, imp -H cure {a ;;BOp take smth into the yard; ~ocHTb mo-Ji. Ha yJiHHy take patient; a disease). BbiJiHB|aTb [viPivat''] im- smth into the street; ochtb -aeiiib, 6eper BbiJiJHTb Ha wash ashore; perf -aio, submit {for discussiony, [vll^'it^] perf -bK), -beiub, p 2. imp -eft 1. pour out, 3. stand, bear, endure {pain, -HJI, empty; 2. cast, mould, found. smb, etc); 4. pass {a resolu-
BbiH|ocHTb [vinAsît^] imperf -omy, -ocHiiib, p -ocHJi, imp -ocH, BbiHecJTH [vlnhs^tî] perf -y, -euib, p ^, -jia, imp -H 1. carry out, take out {of some place);
[viPivattj9] BbiJiHB|aTbC5i imperf -aeicn, Bbiji|HTbcsi [vfperf -bexcH, p -hjich, -HJiacb 1. run out, 4Dour out;
lîttsa]
tion,
sentence, etc);
<>
ocHTb
Ha
cbohx
njie-
nax bear
{the brunt).
overflow; 2.: HCHSBecTHO, bo HTO 9T0 BbiJibexcH it's not
known what will come how it will shape. it

/
BblJIHTb see BblJIHBaTb.

BblJlHTbCSI ^See
BbiH6cjiHB|biH [ vinos ''lîviy] a sh f ^, -a, -o, -u hardy, tough {able to endure of fatigue, hardship, etc). BbinyflHTb see BbiHy>KAaTb. BbinyiKfllaTb [vtnuzhdat^j
BblJIHBaTbCH, BblJIO%HTb see BMKJiaAblBaXb,
imperf
;i|HTb
-aio,
-aeuib,
[vlnudît^]
-Huib,
BbiMor|aTb [vimAgat^] perf -aio, -aeujb extort.
im-
Hyxcy,
force,
Bbinyperf bw-HJI, imp -h
compel; make
{smb do
69-smth); OH Bhmymjxen CAejiaxb 9T0 he has / is forced to do it. BbiHyTb see BbiHHMaxb, BbinaA [vtp9t, -d] -a, -ob attack, calumny. BbinaA arb [vipAdat^] imBbina|cTb -aio, -aeuib, perf [vlpas^t^] perf -jxy, -Aeiiib, p -j\, imp -Ah 1. fall out {of smth); drop out {of smb's hands); 2. fall {of rain, etc); cnery there BbinaJio MHoro
BUP
see
BunpaBHXb
BbinpaBji|flxb
BbmpaBJiHXb. [vtprAvlât'j
imperf -hk), -neuib, BbinpaBjHXb [vlpravît^] perf -jik),

-Hiub,
-HJI,
imp
-b
1.
straight-
en {a nail, etc); 2. correct (a manuscript, etc); nxb nojiojKCHHe remedy the situation. Bb'inpsiMHxb see BbinpHM-
JIHXb.
BbinpflMjiJHxb [viprî^mV'ai^] imperf -hk), -aeuib, bm-
has been snow; 3.

{of hair);
heavy
fall
of
npMM|Hxb
-jiio,
[vfpr'smît^j
fall out,
come out
-Hiub,
p
{a
-HJI,
qecTb...
fell
4.: eMy Bbmajia straighten he had the honour...; etc).
piece
perf -H of wire^
imp
CMy Bbmaji
on him;
yupiCnvi
the
lot
BbinyKJilbiH
[vipukliy]
-bi 1.
^
fall
sh f
lot.
^,
-a,
-o,
salient,
BbinacTb Ha a^jik) KOMy-ji.

to
smb's
prominent, bulging; 2. convex {glass); 3. fig vivid.

BbinycK [vlpusk, -zg]
-OB
1.
BbinHcaTb see BbmHCbiBaxb. BbinHCWBlaTb [vipîstvat^] imperf -av), -aeuib, BbinHJcaxb

[vfpîsat^] perf -my, -meiiib,
-caji,
-a,
issue {of money, etc); output; 2. number, instal-
{of a serial story, etc); graduates; co-graduates; {of a book, etc); 2. subscribe students finishing school; b periodical); order {a 3X0M roAy fioJibuioH -- the {to a commodity by mail); 3. dis- number of graduates this hospital). year is large. charge {from the BbinHxb see nnxb. BbinycKJaxb [vipusk^t^] imBbinjiaBJKa [vlplafks] / -kh, perf -aio, -aeiub, BbinycxlHXb perf Bbinymy, -OK 1. smelting {of iron, etc); [vlpus^tît^] -Huib, p -HJI, imp -H 1. let 2. smelt, smelted metal. BbinOJIHHXb see BbmOAHJiXb. out {people, water, etc); let [vipAlnât^] go {of); 2. set free, release; BbinojiHtilxb imperf -hk), -jêuib, Bbinoji- 3. graduate, turn out; 4. turn H|Hxb [vlpaln^'it^] perf -lo, out, produce; 5. publish, issue -HUJb, p -Hji, imp -H carry {books, etc); release {films); out, fulfil, implement; carry 6. issue {money, etc); 7. leave into effect, accomplish; '-HXb out, omit. HXb Bbipa6axbiBlaxb [vlrAbdtiAOJir do one's duty; o6eui,aHHe keep one's prom- V9t^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, Bbi[virabatat^] per^ ise; '-HXb ynpaacHeHHH do ex- paSoxjaxb -aio, -aeuib 1. produce, manuercises.
ment
imp
-urn
I.
copy out
3.
Bblp
2.
70
[virAzhdaimperf -aexcH, BbipoA|Hxbc [vtradîttsa] perf -wiCH, p -HjicH, -HJiacb degenerBbipoiKfl|axbC5i
ttâ]
facture,
er);
make; generate (powwork out, draw up
(a plan, etc); 3. form, cultivate {a habit, strong will, etc). BbipaSoTJKa [virabatka] / -KH, -OK 1. manufacture; 2. output; 3. col make (quality).
ate.
BbipoH'iHXb
-K),
[viranît^] perf
-HJI,
-Hiub,
imp
-H let
BbipaJKJaxb [virAzhat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, ewpaslHTb [vlrazît^] Bbipa>Ky, perf
p -HJi, imp -H express (an idea, desire, etc). BbipaêHHle [virAzhenîya] n -H, -H expression. BbipaSHieJlbHlblH [virAzîtîl^niy] a sh f BbipasHxeJieH,
-Hiiib,
drop. Bbipyraxb see pyraxb. BbipyraxbCfl see pyraxbCH 1. BbipyMJaxb [viruchât*'] imperf -aK), -aeiub, BbipynJHxb [vfruchît^] perf -y, -Huib,
fall,
come to 1. rescue, save; help (smb out of trouble); 2. gain, make (money); clear
p
-HJI,
imp
-H
(smb's)
help;
-a, -0,
-bi
expressive (gesture,
etc).
(a profit).
etc); significant (look,
BbipasHTb see Bbipa}KaTb. BbipacTldrb [virAstat^j im-aio, -aemb, BbipacTJH perf

[vtrss^tî] perf -y, Bbipoc, BbipocJia,
1.
grow, grow up; 2. of a coat, etc); 3. increase (of wages, etc); Bb'mycK npo/;yKu,HH Bb'ipoc Ha 12/o the output increased 12 per cent; 4. grow (into), develop (into); 5. arise, appear, spring up. BbipacTHTb see Bbip^mHsaib.
(out
-eiiib, p imp -h HeM uproot (also fig); axb col grow 3y6bi have one's teeth pulled
BbipbiBJdxb [vtrivat^] im-aemb, BbipBJaxb perf -aio, [vlrvat^] perf -y, -emb, p -aji, imp -H 1. tear out, snatch (out), pull out; -~axb c Kop-
out; 2. fig col wring, wrest (consent, etc, from smb). Bbica;iHXb see BbicajKHBaxb. BbicaiKHB|axb [vtsazhivat^]
imperf
-aio,
-aemb, BbicaA|HXb
perf
Bbica>Ky,
-H 1.
[visadît'']
-Hmb, p
(smb)
set
-HJI,
imp
(a
make
get
BbipamHB|aTb (virash^.iV9t^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, BbipacxlHTb [viras^tît^] perf bh-
down,
tram, etc); drop (passengers);

off
land (troops); disembark, put ashore; 2. plant, transplant.

BbicejiHXb see BbicejiHXb. Bbicejijaxb [visî^Pat^] imperf -HK), -nemb, BbicejiJHxb
pamy,
1.
-Huib, p -HJI, imp -h rear, breed, raise; grow,
cultivate; 2. sonnel, etc).
fig
train (per-
[vtsîPit^]
see Bbipbrnaxb.
-HJI,
BbipBarb BbipBaxb
ca.
imp
-H
perf -lo, -nmb, p evict (tenants).

see BbicKasbi-
II
see
pBaxb
II.
BbicKasaxb see BbiCKasbmaxb.

BbicKasaxbCfl
BbIpOAHXbC5I see BbipOH<AaTb-
BaXbCH.
71
BbiC
n^'iya]
BucKasbiBaHHJe [viskazivan -h, -h statement, pronouncement.
BbicoTbi,
2.
BbicoT|a [vtsAta] / -b'l, pi BbicoT 1 height {of

hill,
a mountain,
BbicKaBbiBJaTh [vtskazivat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, BbicKa|-my, saTb [vlskazat^J perf

-eiiib,
etc); altitude; height, ridge; <> 6biTb / GKasaxbCJi na ~e
nojioKeHHM be equal / rise to the occasion; 6biTb na ~e be to the occasion; Ha tell, state; express {in words); equal BbicKasaTb npejinoJiojKeHHe ii6jiH0H ê up to the mark. BbicnaxbCfl see BbicbmaxbCH. suggest {as a supposition). BbicxaBHxb see BbicxasJinxb. [viskaziEbicKa3biB|aTbCfl -aembBbicxas'iKa [v+stafka] / -kh, vattja] imperf -aiocb CH, BbiCKajsaTbCfl [viskazattja] -OK exhibition, show; display, perf -}Kycb, -:H<:embCH, p -sajicji, exposition.
-3a;i,
imp
->kh
-aajiacb,
imp
-jKHCb, -H<HTecb
BbicxaajiJHxb
[vistAvlât^]
speak
etc),
{one's
mind,
have one's
[npoTHs] declare favour [against].
opinion, say; 3a oneself in
Bbicjiaib see BbicbiJiaTb. BbicjiyiuaTb see BbicJiymn-
Baxb. [vislushiBbicjiyujHBlaTb vat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, bmcjiym|aTb [v^slushat^JperZ-aio, -aeuib 1. listen {to smb), hear
{smb)', 2.
imperf -hk), -nemb, BbicxaB|HXb [vlstavît^] perf -jikd, -Huib, p -HJi, imp -b 1. put in front, put forward, advance; 2. fig col chuck out, turn out {of the room, etc); exhibit, 3. display, show;
4.:
~HXb
Mbfo-Ji.
KaHAHfla-
xypy nominate smb, propose smb's candidature; ~flxb

CBOK) KaHAH;iaxypy run {for president, etc); 5.: ^xb Koro-Ji. B xopomeM [hjioxom] CBexe represent smb in a
med sound; examine.

I
BbicMeHB axb [ V is^mêi vat''] -aeiub, Bbicivie|imperf -aio,

Jirb
[vis^'mîyat'^]
perf
-H
-k>,
favourable
light;
[unfavourable]
Koro-Ji. b
-eiub,
-HJi,
imp
see
make
HXb
CMemto rid-
fun of, ridicule; deride.
HOM BHAe expose smb
CH.
icule; 6. adduce,, put forward; raise {objections). BbicxHpaxb see cxHpaxb. BbicoKJHH [vtsokîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f --, -a, -o (-6), BbicxpaHBJaxb [vistraivat^] -H (-H) 1. high, tall; highland; imperf -aio, -aeuib, Bbicxpo|Hib 2. high {prices, quality, etc); [vtstrait^] perf -lo, -rHuib, p
3.
BbicMopKaTbcn
cMopKaib-
etc);
lofty {aims, style, high, high-pitched {voice, note, etc). BbicoKOMepH|biH [visakA4.
high,
-H Ji imp -ii\,(no imparl) build, erect; 2. draw \i^ {troops, etc). Bbicxpeji [vtstrîl] -a, -ob
mêrniy] a
-a,
-o,
s/i / BbicoKOMepen, -u arrogant, haughty.
shot; report {of a shot). BbicxpoHXb see BbicxpaHsaxb.
fibIC
72
{command, organs of government,

<> B
HHji
etc);
2.
BbiCTynjaTb [vtstupat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, BbiCTyn|HTb [vlstupît**] perf -n\o, -Hiub, 1. come / step /) -HJT, imp -H forward; come / step out {of a line, rank); 2. speak {at a
meeting);
higher {educahighly, ex-
tion, etc);
~eH creneHH
tremely; ~afl
BbicbiJijarb
Mepa naKasacapital punishment.

[visilat^]
-aeuib,
perform {during a
im-
concert, etc); ~aTb c AOKJiaAOM deliver a report; give a lecture; ~aTb c peMbio make a speech; ~aTb Ha cuene act, play; appear on the stage; ~aTb B neâTH write (for the press); axb no paAHO broadcast; speak [perform, etc] over the radio; aib no xeJieBHAGHHio televise; speak
perf
Jieuib,
1.
-aio,
Bbicjiarb
BbiujJiH
2.
[visbt^j
perf
Bbimjiio, Bbim-
[perform, etc] on TV; 3. come out {in favour of smth, against smth); axb b samHTy Koro-Ji. take smb's part, stand
bandeport, expel. Bbicbinarb see Bbicbmaxb. Bbicbinlaxb [vtslpat''] imperf -aio, -aeujb, BbiCbin|aTb [vfstpat^j perf -jiio, -Jieuib, p -aji, imp -H 1. pour out {sand, sugar, flour, etc); spill {sugar, etc); 2. col pour out {into the street, said of people).
ish,
p Bb'icjiaji, imp send {a parcel, etc);

exile;
FbicbinjaTbCfl
[vistpattsal
smb; ~aTb b aamHxy imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, bwMero-Ji. advocate smth; come cnjaTbCJi [vispattjs] perf out in favour of smth; ~aTb -JlK)Cb, -HUJbCH, p -aJlCH, c npH3biB0M appeal, make an -ajiacb, imp-ncb, -Hxecb have appeal, make a plea {for smth); a good sleep; sleep enough. ' axb c npoTecTOM protest, BbixeKJarb [vitî^k^t**! im-
up
for
make
a protest; 4.
stand out
start {to one's {of sweat); eyes, said of tears); 5. {no perf)
jut out, run out. BbiCTynjieHHJe [vistuplênîya] n -h, -Pi 1. speech {at a meeting); performance {on the stage); - e b neqaxH ar{in a newspaper, etc); pcBOJiiouHOHHbie -~h revolutionary actions / movement. BbicyiuHTb see cyuiHTb. bmciu|hjI [vfshiiy] I superl TOBapbi ~ero of bmcokhh; KaêcTBa goods of superior quality;
perf -aex, BbiTe|Hb [vft^'ich'"] perf ^êT, -Kyx, p -k, -KJia 1. run out, flow out, leak out {said of liquids); 2. {no perf)
have
3.
its
source
{of
a river);
{no perf) result, follow {as a consequence); co bccmh ~aK)mHMH oxcKDAa nocJieACX-
ticle
2.:
BHHMH with all ensuing consequences. Bbirepexb see BbiXHpaxb.

BbiTCHb see BWxeKaxb 1. [vif'irat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, Bbirleperb [vttîrît^l perf -py, -peuib, p -ep, -epJia, imp -pH wipe, wipe dry; '-aib nujib dust.
BbiTHpjaxb
II
a -an,
-ee,
-He
1.
supreme
73
BbiTpaBHTb
BbiTb
BblH
see
xpaBHTb
Itnperf
1.
[vtt^]
bok),
Boeuib,
(of
etc).
BbiJi,
a dog,
etc);
imp boh howl wail (of wind,

perf
-H
1.
BbiyH|HTb
-y,
[vluch''{t''l
-Huib,
(a
learn
p -HJi, poem,
imp
etc);
HTb
heart;
learn HBHsycTb 2 teach, train.

Bbixofl
by
-d]
teacher; aaAaâ ne Bumjia the has not come out; h3 sxoro HHqero ne BbiHAex nothing will come of it; y nero HHMero He bwuijio he failed; 7. be by origin; oh BbimeJi H3 pa66MHX he is a worker by origin; 8, {no perf) give on, look on, overlook {of win-
sum
dows,
etc);
[vtkhat,
-a,
-OB
1.:
npH
~e
going out of..., out of...; ~ Ha pa66Ty appearance at work; ~ h3 nipTHH leaving a party; ~ b otCTaBKy resignation {from office, etc); Ha nencHK) retirement on a pension; ~ h3 from a BOHHbi withdrawal war; 2. exit, street door; a Hex no exit; 3. fig way out; 4. appearance {of a book); give vent {to); Aaxb 3HaTb Bce xoAbi M ~bi know
when when coming

h3,..
B OTCxaBKy resign {an office, etc); retire {from business, etc); ~iixb h3 ceSn ~HTb h3 lose one's temper; xepncHHH lose patience; ~Hxb H3 no.ioêHHji find a way out; Hxb H3 SeperoB overflow the banks; bbixoahx, hxo... it appears that...; 3X0 ne BbixoRHX y Hero h3 rojioBbi he can't get it out of his head; he can't help thinking about it. BbixoA|Ka [vfkhatka] / -kh, -OK trick {of a child); prank.
<>
~HTb
the ins and outs. BbixoAJHTb [vtkhAdît^] imperf Bbixomy, BbixoAHiiib, p -HJI, imp -H, BbiH|TH [vtytî]
all
BbixoAH|6H [vikhAdnoy] I a: ABepb street door; ~6h KOCXK)M Sunday suit; ~6h
an
AeHb day
II
p Bbimeji, go out 1. BbiiuJia, imp -AH {of a house, etc); come out {of a house, etc); get out {of a car, etc); 2. leave {a trade
perf
-Ay,
-AeiHb,
off, rest-day; as a noun -oro, -bix day olf, rest-day; noc66He discharge <> -~6e
bmxoahIoh
union, party, etc); bbihth h3 BOHHbi drop out of a war; 3.: ~HTb Ha pa66Ty come to Mope put CHHCKa strike off a list; ^-HTb b work; to sea; 4. be published, ap- <> BbiHepKHyxb H3 naMHXH efpear, be out; ^htb b CBex face from one's mind. be out, be published; 5. run Bbinecxb see BbiMHxaxb. out, come to an end; 6.: hs Bbinex [vfch^'it, -d] m -a, ymi- -ob deduction {from smb'$ nee BbiftACT xopouiHH xejib she will make a good wages, etc);
pay. BbiHepKHBJaxb [vich''6rk''iV9t^] imperf -ara, -aeuib, bwHepKH|yxb [vfch^'irknut^] perf -y, -emb, p -yji, imp -h cross strike out; --axb h3 out,
Bbiq
74
BbiJiBji|flTb
<> 3a
(for),
~0M minus, allowing with the deduction {of).

-hk),
[viyi^vPat^] im-
BblMHCJlHTb see BblMHCJIHTb. BbIHHCJl|aTb [Vich''is''lât^]
imperf
-HUJb,
late,
-êmb,
ebmncpert -lo, -H calcu-
perf -HK), -Heillb, BblSIBlHTb [vfyavît^] perf -Jiio, -HUJb, p -HJI, imp -H 1. reveal, bring to light; 2. bring out, make
ji|HTb [vichîs^lît^]
known.
BblflCHHTb see BblHCHHTb.
Bbi5icH|flTb
p -HJi, imp compute.

-aio,
-aeiiib,
Iviyi'^s^nât'']
BbiHHTJaTb [vichîtat*'] imperf
BbiMJecxb
-Teuib,
1.
-neujb, imperf -hio, BbijicHJHTb [vfyas^n'ît*'] perf -lo,

-HUJb,
[vlchîs'^t^]
perf
-ly,
2.
-HJI,
imp
-H find out;
-cJi, -.la,
imp TH
{money);
deduct,
clear up, elucidate.
keep back
subtract.
Bbiuje
math
BbeTHaM|eu
-dz]
[v^'yi^tnam'îtj,
-ua,
-ues
Viet-Na[v^yi'^tnam-He Viet-
[vishi^] I comp of BbicoKHH & corresp adv;

II
mese.
BbexHaMCKJHH
skîy] a -an,
adv
1.
above
(m a
text);
-oe,
2.:
no TeqeHHK) farther up the stream; III prep above, over; ^to
-Namese.
BbCTCH
[v^yotâ] see BHXb-
my
MOHx
CHJi
it
power;
it
sto
is
noHHMaHHH
Bbiiueji
beyond Moero beyond me.

is
CH. BbK) [v^'yu], Bbeuib [v^yosh, -zh] see BHXb.
[vishla] p BblXOAHTb.
[vishal], Bbiiujia BbiHTH; see of
Bbsbrja [v^yuga] / snow-storm; blizzard.
-h,
-^
8biiiiHB]aTb [vishivat^] im-aeujb, Bbiiii|HTb perf -aro, [v+shit^] pcrf -bio, -beuib,
BbibmlHAcfl [v^yush'':iys^9] -ancH, -eecH, -hcch: [pa] eecH pacxeHHe climber {a plant); ~Hec5i bojiocu curly
hair.
-HJI,
imp
{of
-eft
BbiiiiHHla
embroider, [vishina] / -bi

etc);
height
B
a pole,
~6h
me-
[vî^zhf] see BHsaxb. BJDxy [vî^zhu], BR>KeiiJb [vâzhash, -zh] see BHsaxb.
Bfl}KH
BJi3',axb
nHTbêcHT MexpoB
fifty
[vî^zat^]
imperf
tres high.
BblLUHTb see BblUJHBaXb. Bbim|Ka [vhhka] / -kh, -ck tower; fiyposan - Ka derrick. BwiiijiH [vfshPi] imp of
BbicJiBTb; see Rbicbi-naTb.
BbiujjiK) [vfshlûj,
Bbimjieiub
[vfshPish, persons of
CbiJiaib.
-zh]
Jst
& 2nd
see
Bbicjiaib;
bu-
BH>Ky, BHêuib, p -aji, imp BHJKH, clBflsaxb [s^vî^zat^j perf 1. bind, tie up {sheaves, etc); 2. knit {with needles); crochet. R3H|yxb [vâznut^] imperf -y, -emb, p -yji (bhs), BHSJia, imp -H stick (/) in the mud; 2) to one's teeth). [vâl], BJiJi Bjia [vâlaj
see BflHyxb.
BblflBHTb see BblHBJI^Tb.

Bflji|biH
75
-eiub,
rap
[vâliy]
ashf^,
-a
-y,
BHJi
(-yji), bhjib,
-o,
etc);
-bi
1.
withered
(flowers,
2. languid, sluggish, slack, inert. imperf BflHJyTb [vânut'']
[zAvânut^j per} fade, wither; <> yuiH -~-yT col it makes one sick to hear {smb talk).
saiBflHyTfa
ra [ga] m indecl abbrev (= reKiap) ha, hect. raBaHjb [gavan^] / -h, -en harbour. [gAdat^] imperf raAlaib .^ -aio, -aeuib, noiraAarb [pagAdat^] perf
tell
1.
lawn; no -y He xoAHTb! keep

off the grass!
rasonpoBOA [gazaprAvot,
-d]
"tell
smb's fortune;
2.
fortunes, {no perf)

ryiu,e
guess, surmise;
wild guesses. raAKJMH [g^tk'îy] a -a9i, -oe, -He, sh f raÔK, -a, -o, -H nasty {disgusting, very unpleasant); bad, naughty, wicked.
raflocT|b [gadas^t^,
/ -H, -efl
1.
= make
0-
~aTb Ha
KO(j)efiHofi
gas-main.^ raHK|a [gayka] f'-n, racK (screw-)nut. rajiaHTepeHH|biH [galan^tî^rêynty] a: bift MarasHH haberdasher's shop; bie toBapbi haberdashery {goods).
-a,
-OB
rajiaHTCpe|fl rêya] -h /
{goods).
rajiepejfl
[galan^'t^'i^-
haberdashery
[galî^rêya] / -h,
-H gallery.
-z^d^]
disstuff;
muck (smth
gusting);
2. vile act
abominable
rajiJKa [galka] / -kh, -ok (jack) daw. rajioiuH [gAloshi] pi rajioui {sing raji6ui|a / -h) galosties,
/ thing, dirty trick. raAK)Kla [gAdûka] / -h, -- viper {also fig). raa [gas, -z] -a, -ob gas (/) an air like substance; 2) for heating, etc; 3) used in war-
rubbers.
rfiCTyK [galstuk, -g] -OB (neck)tie.
-a,
raMaK [gAmak,
-g]
-ii,
-6b
-aa,
-a,
hammock.
-oe.
fare).
raHCKJHH [ganskîy] a -He Ghanaian.

-zh]
raaeTJa [gAz^'eta] / -m, ~ newspaper; cTeHHan a wall newspaper. rasHt^HKauHJH [gazîfîka-
rapaiK [qArash, -en garage.

ravat^]
-yeiiib,
rapaHTHploBarb [garAn^f*!psrf
&
imperf
-yio,
-yii
1. tsiya] / -H gasification; 2. installation of gas pipelines {in a populated area).
-oBaji,
imp
guarantee. rapAep66
[gardî^rop,
1.
-bj
([or
rasoH
[gAzdnJ
-a,
-oa
-a,
-OB
wardrobe
rap
holding
(for
clothes)', 2.
76
cloak-room
coats and hats); CAaxb najibTO B leave one's coat in the cloak-room; 3. clothes,
-H, pi FBOSAH, -efi nail {for fastening)', tack (a small nail).
wardrobe. rapMOHHKJa [gArmon^'ika]

-H, -^
FAC [gd'ê] adv where noting position); ^ 6bi wherever.

rjie-jiH6o
{de-
hh
rae-
[gd^'elîba],
accordion;
concertina.
rapMOHHploBaTb [garmAnî-yex, p -oBaji harmonize (ay/Z/i), be in keep- anywhere

ravaf*] Imperf
-HM6yAb [gdênîbut^, -d^], FAe-xo [gd^'eta] adv somewhere, in / at some place;

{in inter sentences).
ing {with).
rapHHsoH [garnîzon]
-OB garrison.
m
a,
-a,
rapHH^ [gArnîr] m garnish, trimmings. rapHHTyp [garnîtur]
-ob
-a,
Me6ejiH set / suite of -ob: 6ejibH two-piece/ furniture; three-piece underwear. rac|.HTb [gAs^'it''] imperf imp ramy, racHUib, p -hji, -H, noiracHTb [pagAS^'it^] perf
-a, -ob hectare. reHCpaji [gînî^ral] -a, -OB general {a military offi-Maftop major-general; cer); ~-jieHxeHaHx lieutenant-gen-nojiKOBHHK coloneleral; -general. FeHepa;ibHlb!H [g^m^'i^ral^niy] a general {secretary, assembly, etc); bift mxa6
FCKxap [gî^ktar]
General
Staff;
an
penexH-
put out (a
fire,
etc);
turn off
UHH dress rehearsal; ~oecpa<eHHe bnttle royal. rcHepaxop [g^mî^ratar] -OB generator; dynamo; -a, - K0Jie6aHHH oscillator.
{the gas, tight, etc).
racHlyib
-ex,
imperf p rac, racjia, imp -h go

{stop
/
[âsnut^]
out
burning)',
become
dim
dark.
reHHajibH|biH [g^m'îal^niy]
racTpoHOM [gastrAnom] m a sh f rcHHajieH, -a, -6, -bi -a, -OB gastronom {a provi- of genius; great, brilliant. sion store). fchhIh [gên^'iy] m -h, -ea
nAmîch'îskîy]
racTpoHOMHHecK;Hfl [gastraa -an, -oe, -He: ~HH MarasHH racxpoHOM. rauiy [gAshu] see racHXb. rBapAH|ji [gvardîya] / -h, -ft Guards; <> cxapafl ~fl old guard.
genius.
reoFpa4)Hlji [g'lAgraf^'iya] /
-H
geography.
reojior [gîôlak, -g] -OB geologist.

reojioFHlfl*
-H geology.
-a,
[g^'iAlogîya]
reoMexpMJJi [g'*iAmêtr*'iya]
/ -H
rB03flHK|a
*H,
[gvAz'^d'îka] / -^ carnation {a flower).

I
geometry. reopFHH [gîAtg^'in]
-a,
reosAjiKla 11 [gvAz'^dîka] / -H clove {spice),
r03A|b
Igvps^'t'',
z^'d'']
-OB dahlia. -a, pi rep6 [gêrp, -b] rbi, -OB (coat of) arms, rocy-
AapcTBeHHbiH blem.
-a
77
rjia
national em-z]
repKyjiec [gîrkulês,
porridge oats.
anthem; rocyAapcTeeHHbia ~ national anthem. rHMHacTHK|a [gîmnas'^tîka] / -H gymnastics; xyô>KecTBeHHaH ~a callisthenics. THnc [g'îps, -bz] m -a 1.
repMaHCK|HH [g^'i^rmanskîy] a -an, -oe, -He German.

repMCTMHecK^HH
t''ich'*isk''iy]
[gîrm^î^-oe,
min gypsum;
Paris);
3.
2.
plaster (of
a -an,
hermetic; an surized cabin. rep6|ft [gî^roy] -h, -ee hero {a noble and brave 1. man); 2. character, personage"; rjiaBHbiH ~H hero {of a nov-
-He Ka6HHa pres-
me^. plaster cast. rHpjiHA|a [gîrPanda] / -bi, ~ garland {of flowers); fesPHpisi
toon.
[gîrâ]
/
-h,
-b
weight {used in weighing). FHTapla [guitars] / -bi,

guitar. rjiaBJa I [glAva] FJiaBbi, -bi, pi head
--
el,
etc).
rH6eji|b
death; (of a ship); downfall, an empire, etc).
[gîbîl^] ruin (also fig);
-h
{of
wreck
m &
f {the
fall
chief);
rH6K|HH
-oe,
[g^'ipkîy]
a -an,
-H" flexible,
-y,
-He, sh f rH6oK, -a, -o, supple {also fig).
80 ~e at the head (of). rjiaeja II [gUva] / -bi, pi chapter {of a book). iJiaBbi,
<>
rjiaBHOKOMaHAyioml MH[gl3V-
rvi6H\yTb [g'îbnut^] imperf
p -yji (rH6), rnbjia, imp -H, no|rH6HyTb [pAgîbnut**] perf [cf norH6aTb] per-euib,
nakAmanduyushîiy] m -ero, -Hx Commander-in-Chief.

I [glavnty] rjiaBHJbiH a main, chief; principal; --bifl Bpaq head doctor; ~oeynpaB-
ish (i) die; 2)
be destroyed);
be killed, lose one's life; be lost, sink {of a ship); crash {of an aircraft). FHrdHT [gîgant, -d] m -a, -OB giant; saBOA--^ giant
factory.
jieHHe central administration;'
~biH noMTaMT Central

-Office;
11
Post-
parenth
the
Ji
a b h o e
above
all;
main
rHrHeH|a [gîgîyena] / -u hygiene.

PHfl
~biM <> chiefly.

r;iar6ji
thing is...; 66pa30M mainly,
[gUgol]
-a,
-ob
[gît,
-d]
-a,
-ob
verb.
rjiaHcy,
guide
etc).
{conducting
first
tourists,
rjiifllHTb [gUdît^] -Huib, p -hji,
imperf
imp
-h,
element of compounds pertaining to water hydro...; rHAposjieKipocTanUHH [g^'idraePiktrAstantjtya] hydroelectric station. FHMH [gîmn] m -a, -ob
rHAp.o...
BbirjiaAJHTb
Bbir;ia>Ky,
-b,
[vlgladît*"] perf -Huib, p -hji, imp
nolrjiaAHTb
1.'
[pAgladît^]
iron, press; smooth (down) {a drpss, etc); 2. (norjiaAHTfa) stroke, caress;
perf
rjia
78
-0~HTb npoTHB luepcTH stroke imp -H, oifjioxHyxb [Aglokhthe wrong way against the nut*'] perf become deaf.
/
grain. rjiaAK|HH [glatkîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f rjiaAOK, -a, -o, -H 1. smooth; 2. plain {without ornament). -a, pi -a, rjias [glas, -z]
FjiySiKe [glubzht^] comp of FJiydoKHH & corresp adv. FjiySHHJa [glubîna] f -bi, pi rjiy6HHH, FJiy6HH 1. depth 2.: '-e Jieca e {also fig); [cxpaHbi] in the heart of the m -- eye {the organ of sight); forest [country]; ~a <> B e AyuiH at heart; ao <> (CKHSaTb HT0-.1.) B (say smth) to {smb's) face; -~bi AyuiH to the bottom of 3a â behind smb's back; one's heart. [glubokîy] a FJiySoKlHH Ha --ax y kofo-ji. / Ha HbHX-ji. âx before smb's eyes; xoxb -an, -oe, -He, sh f ~, -a, -- BbiKOJiH -6 (-0), -h(-h) 1. deep {river, it is pitch-dark; -^-aH xapejina etc); c ~y Ha rjids tete-a-tete; snow, HeBoopyjKeHHbiM ~om with soup-plate; 2. fig deep, profound; 3.: ~0H HO'ibK) in the the naked eye. rjia3yHb|si [gUzun^ya] / -h dead of night; -ôii oceHbK) fried eggs. in the late autumn; [glasnas^t^, <> ~HH cxapHK very old man; rjiacHocTlb -z^d'] / -H publicity {being aji cxapocxb extreme old ~h give age; venerable age. public); npeASTb publicity to, make public. Fjiynocxlb [glupss^t^', -z^d^] [glasniy] a ling / -H, -efi 1. stupidity, foolishrjiacHbiH vowel. ness; 2. col foolish thing, nonsense, rubrjiHHJa [gPina] / -bi clay foolishness; {an earthy material). bish; Sojixaxb H talk nonrJioTlarb [gUtat^] imperf sense; ~h! nonsense! [glupiy] a sh f -ivy, -aeiiib 1. swallow; gulp FJiynlbiH down, bolt; 2. fig devour, ~, -a, -o, -bi foolish, stupid, swallow up; silly. dib cjiesbi choke down FjiyxjOH [glukhoy] I a -an, one's tears / sobs. -oe, -He, sh f ^, -a, rjiyxo, rjioxlKa [gl6tk8] / -kh, -ok rjiyxH 1. deaf {also fig); 2. 1. anat gullet; 2. col throat; toneless {voice, etc); 3. re<^ BO BCK) --Ky col at the mote, out-of-the-way; godfortop of one's voice. saken; lonely, solitary {place, rjioxloK (glAtok, -g] m -Ka, etc); 4. wild, dense {forest); -KOB gulp; sip; AafiTe eMV 5. blind {window); blank OK BO^bi give him a drink {wall); of water. II as a noun r ji y x 6 fi m rôxHlyxb [glokhnut^] im- -oro, -hx, r ji y X a h / -ofl, deaf person; perf -y, -eiijb, p rjiox, rjioxjia, -HX
<
79
rny
imperf
^0^
ofi corjiacHbiH ling voice-
consonant. rjiyxoHeMOH [glukhanî^moy] I a deaf-and-dumb; 1 1 as a noun rjiyxoHeMJoH -b'lx, -oro, r Ji y X o H eM a H / -OH, -bix deaf-and-dumb person, deaf mute. rjiyui|MTb [glushit^] imperf
less
I
rHa|TbCJi [gnatts9] roHK)Cb, roHHUibCH,

-JiaCb,
-jica,
-JlOCb
(-JlOCb),
-JIHCb
imp roHHCb, roHHTeck a concrete action, movement in a definite direction [cf roHHTbCH] 1. pursue, run (a//er); 2. fig col seek (wealth, fame^
(-jiHCb),
etc).
-y,
1.
-Hiub,
muffle,
p -HJi, imp -H deaden (sounds);
THeB
[gn^'ef, -v]
-a
anger,
rage, wrath.
drown (sounds); 2. stun (of or with a blow); 3. fig choke, suppress, stifle (protests, etcy,
4.
down
instr
(broadcasts); throttle (an engine). rjiyuijb [glush, -zh] / -h,

-bK)
i.
jam
backwoods;
2.
rnesAlo [gnî^zdo] n -a, pi FHesâ, rnesjx 1. nest (1) for laying eggs; 2) a place that swarms); 2. technol socket. rnex [gnôt, -d] m -a 1. oppression, yoke; 2. fig weight, burden (of sorrow, etc).
out-of-the-way corner.
block rjibiSja [gl+ba] / -bi, KaMeHHan (of ice, etc);
rHexymJHH
a [pa]
sive
-an,
[gnî*^tush'':iy]
-ee,
~a
boulder.
rjiHH<y,
rjiflA|eTb [glî^'dêt^] imperf -Huib, p -eji, imp -h,
noirjiflJiexb [paglî^dêt''] perf

1. look (at), stare (at); 2. col: rjiHAexb 3a kcm-ji. look after smb; rjiHêTb sa neM-ji. see to smth; <> (hath) KyAa rjiasa at
-He oppres(overburdensome); -ân TOCKa anguish, rnemb [gnôsh, -zh] see FHyXb. FHH [gn*'i] see rnyib. FHHJiiOH [gnîloy] a sh f ~, -a. -0, -bi 1. rotten, decayed; putrid; 2. wet, muggy (weather); 3. fig rotten, cor-
rupt.
(walk) without choosing one's way, (walk) aimlessly; xoro H --ii col at any moment; it looks as if. rnaxb [gnat^] imperf fohk), roHHUib, p iHaji, FHajia, imp
rHHjXb [gnît^]
-emb,
imperf
-jio,
-ib,
-JI,
-jia,
-jih,
rot, c'lFHHxb [zgn'ît^] perf decay (also fig); putrefy.
roHH a concrete action, movement in a definite direction drive 1 1. {cf roHHTb 1]

(urge along); drive out, turn out (send away); 2. hurry on, jiouiajib ride a urge on; horse hard; 3. pursue, chase (an animal).
fhoIh [gnoy] m -h pus. rHycHfbiH [gnusniy] a sh f FHycen, -a, -o, -w, infamous,
foul, vile.
FHyxb [gnut''] imperf rny, p FHyji, imp phh, cornlyxb [sAgnut^] perf -y, -emb, p -yji, imp -h 1. bend, bow; 2. (no perf) fig col drive
FHeuib,
(at),
aim
(at);
ro6
-0-
80
roBfljiHHla [gAV**ad'in9] / cnHHv nepCA kcm-ji. to smb; '-' cbok) jih- -M beef. -d] m -a, pi -u HKK) col have it one's own rofl [got, (-a), -OB year; b stom y way.
kowtow
next year; b np6m.fioM 'y last roBOplHTb [gavArît'*] im- year; eMy rpw -~a he is three perf -K), -Hiiib, p -HJi, /mp -h, years old; (rpH paaa) b [pragavArît^j (three times) a year; Asa ~a nojroBOpHTb perf, cKaajaTb [skAz^t''] perf TOMy HaaaA two years ago; CKajKy, CKasceiub, p -aji, imp qepes ABa â in two years; CKajKH 1. {no perf) speak, copoKOBbie ~bi the forties;
ro66|H [gAboy] oboe, hautboy.
-h,
-es
this
year;
dy^ymeM
talk
{say
words);
is
~HTb
no-
-pyccKH speak
Russian;
~ht
call-
MdcKBa
ing;
2.
this
Moscow
(cKaaaTb) say, tell; OH 'HT, MTO... he says that; HTb npasAy tell the truth;
BHcoKocHbifl - leap-year; xethis year, current KyinHH year; ypojKaHHbiii bumper crop year;
<> c
HoBbiM
~om!
happy
~HTb HenpasAy
tell lies, tell
a lie; 3. (noroBopHib) speak, talk {to, with smb); 4. {no mean, indicate, P^^f) f^S ~HTb b nojibsy betoken;
Koro-Ji.
do smb [qero-Ji.] [smth] credit; 3to mhc HHqero doesn't mean He '-HT this anything to me; -0HTO... they say perf ro^ycb, -HiubCH, p -hjich, -^-HT, in other -HJiacb, imp -HCb, Hxecb be that...; HHane words; ne ~fl y^KC o... not fit {for), fit, be suitable, ito mention..., to say nothing suit; do; ~Hrcfl of...; coScTseHHo ~ as a <> arc (HHKyAa) ne matter of fact; HeHero (h) that won't do; raK nocry-ÂTbit goes without saying; narb/ ACJiarb He ~Hrcfl one HTO H MTb col there's no mustn't do such things, one denying it; KaK cKasarb it mustn't behave this way. depends; KaK saw cKasarb roAHHHUH [gAd^'ich^'niy] a who knows; it's difficult to 1. a year's, of a year; for a say; raK cKasarb so to say; year;B ~ cpoK within a year; TpyAHo CKasarb there is no 2. annual, yearly. telling; cKasaHo [godniy] a sh f cAejiano roAH'ibiH col no sooner said than done; roAen, a, -o, -bi (-bi) fit {for), HCHero CKasarb! well, to be suitable (/o/-); good {for), val-
Year!; scrpena HoBoro ~a New- Year's party; Kpyrjiwfl all the year round; year in, year H3 ~a B at my age; out; B MOM B Âx elderly; He no ~aM beyond one's years; Sea roAy HeACjisi col =for a short time. roAiHTbCfl [gAdîttsa] im-
New
~ ~u
sure)
id
{for).
^
roflOBOH [gadAvoy] a annual, yearly.
81
roA
year
of
rofl
~biH
~bifl
famine;
[gadAfshîina] anniversary. / -bi glazed frost; ice-covered roMcycb [gAzhus^, -z^] see ground. rojioc [gobs, -z] m -a, pi rO^HTbCH. pi -u, -6b -A, -OB 1. voice (/) a sound; roji [gol] m -a, goal {score); 3a6HTb score 2) of a particular person; a goal. 3) opinion); rp6MKHM ~om in [gAlan^dîts, a loud voice; bo Becb. at rojiJiaHA|eu 2. -dz] m -ua, -uee Dutchman. the top of one's voice; rojijiaHACKlHH [gAlanskîy] vote (1) a formal expression a -aH, -oe, -He Dutch. of a wish or choice; 2) the rojiOBla [galAva] / -bi, ace right to give such an exprespi rojiOBbi, rojioB, sion); peuiaiomHH -- casting rojiosy, -aM head {1} of the body; vote; noAaTb / OTAaxb -' aa... 2) the foremost part; 3) the give one's vote for...; npaBO brain; 4) an individual ani- peiuaKDmero [conemaxejibHoro] ~a voting [speaking] right; mal); BblKHHyXb H3 '-bl col put <> B OAMH with one voice, out of one's head; BCKpyxHTb unanimously; roBopHXb / nexb turn smb's c HyjKoro rojiOBy KOMy-Ji. ~a repeat slavhead; b n^pByio r6.iOBy first ishly. rojiocoBaHH|e [galasAvaof all; GHepT^ rojioBy rashly, headlong; cjiom^ rojiOBy like nîya] n -h, -h voting, vote; mad, at breakneck speed; he x^flHoe ~e secret ballot; CBOM) rojioBy to one's own det- nocxaBHXb na '-e put to the riment/disadvantage; ^6h vote; npoBecxH -~e hold / take pynaxbcfl aa Kor6-Ji. answer a vote; Ka6HHa ajih ~5i pollsmb with one's life; ing-booth. for [galasAvat^] OKyHyrbCJi / yfixH c ~6ft b... rojiocloBdxb be utterly absorbed in... imperf -yio, -yeuib, p -ob^ji, [galava- imp -yfi vote (for). rojioBOKpymeHHle rojiySoH [galuboy] a light kruzhenîya] n -si, -u giddiblue, sky-blue. ness. rojiy6i;|bi Jgaluptst] pi -6b roîofl [gobt, -d] m -a 1. hunger, starvation; 2. famine. {sing rojiy6\en m -ua) golubrojioA|aTb [galAdat^] imperf tsy {stuffed cabbage-rolls).
roAOBiu,MH|a
/ -bi,
naeK starvation rations. rojiojieAHma [gaUPedîtja]
-aio,
-aeiub
1.
starve, suffer
hunger; go without food; 2. be on hunger-strike. roji6AH|biH [gAlodniy] a sh

f
rojioAeH,
(-bi)
-a,
1.
fojioaho, ro-
jiOAHu
hungry;
2.:
r6jiy6|b [g61up'', -b^J -h, pi -H, -eft pigeon, dove. r6ji|biH [g61iy] a sh f '^^ -a, -o, -bi naked; bare. roHCHHle [gAn^'enîya] n -h, -H persecution; victimiza-
roH
tion; noABepraxb cute; victimize.
-82~k) persexb
~6h
3a...
defend with
load
might and main; stand firm
roHH [gAilî] seernaib. roHHCb [gAHî's^, -z^], HHxecb [gAnîtîs^, -z^]

rnaTbCH. roHJKa
-KH, -OK pi sport
boats)',
by
rosee
{smb)\
a c njien col a
smb's mind. ropasAo [gArazda] much, far {with comp).

off
f
'-,
-a,
adv
1.
[gonka] / -kh, pi hurry, haste; 2.
rop6dx|biH [gArbatiy] a sh
-o,
-bi
1.
hunch-
race {of vehicles or rpe6Hbie ~kh boat-
-race(s);
n^pycHbie
~kh
re-
gatta; Ka "^ r^ce
backed, humpbacked; 2.: -~biH HOC acquiline nose; HcnpdeHx <> --oro MorHJia prov can the leopard
BOopyHceHHH
arms change his spots?
roHopap
-OB
fee;
[gariArar] -a, royalties; author's
perf
r6p6lHXbc [gorbîttsa] im-JlKDCb, ^HUIbCH, p -HJICH,
emoluments.
roHK) [gAnû], roHHuib [gonîsh, -zh] see rnaxb. roHibcb [gAnûs^, -z^], roHHuibcn see [gonîshsâ] FHaXbCH. [gAnât^] roHlflTb imperf
1] 1. [cf THaib {from one place to another, urge along); 2. col send on errands {repeatedly), make run {for smth). rOH|Tbcsi [gAnâttjs] imperf -HK)Cb, -HerubCH [r/rnaxbch] 1. pursue, run {after)-, 2. fig col seek {wealth, fame,
C:'r6p6HXbC5i
-bCH, -bxecb, [zgorbîttsa] perf stoop {bend the body, etc); perf also become bent.
-HJiacb,
imp
ropAJiixbCJi [gArdîtt^sa] imperf rOpJKyCb, -HHIbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb be proud {of); pride oneself
{on).
-Hio,
-neujb
drive
ropAocxlb [gordas^t^, -z^d^]

/ -H pride {in smth;
ject of).
the
ob-
ropAJwH [gordiy] a sh f ~,
-o, -bi (-bi) proud. rople [gorâ] n -n grief; misfortune; <> eMy H ^51 Majio col he doesn't care a fig; y6HxbiH ^CM broken-hearted; --e mhc trouble what c to66h col you give me! ropjeBaxb [garî^vat^] im-a,
etc).
pi ropbi,
hill,
hill;
rop|d [gAr^j / -aM
-bi,
ace ropy,
[also
mountain; HflXH noA ropy go downHATH B ropy go uphill see <>]; KaxIxbCH c û perf
,
1.
-WK),
-K)H
-loeuib,
-eBAji,
slide downhill; 2. col heap, pile; <> HAxil B r6|iy do well, prosper; rise up in the world; He
imp
grieve
{for);
mourn
-lo,
{over).
ropjexb [gArêt^] imperf

-Huib,
-eji,
imp
-H
3a '-aMH at hand; nnp ~6h great / sumptuous feast; cxo-
{also face,
fig);
etc);
2. shine sparkle
burn. the {of

1.
{of eyes).

ropeHJb [gorîch^,
1.
83
rop
-j^] /
-h
^HTb
bitter taste; 2. bitter stuff, bitter thing; 3. fig bitterness. ropHSOHT [g9rîz6nt, -d] -OB horizon {also fig); -a, skyline.
1
ropH30HTajibH bifi [ garîzAntal^niy] a sh f ropHSOHTajieH, -a, -o, -bi horizontal. ropHcxlbiH [gArîstly] a sh
f ^y -a, -o, -bi mountainous, hilly. [gorla] /i -a, ropjijo anat throat; AwxaxejibHoe newindpipe; y MeHH b throat is dry; pecoxjio 0 KOMOK / KJiyGoK B -e lump col no throat; in the
3a ropoAOM live out of town, live in the country. a ropOACKloH [garAtjkoy] -He urban, town -an, -6e, {attr), city {attr); municipal; He mmejin townsfolk. ropox [gArokh, -gh] -a
peas.
ropcoBeT [garsAv^^t, -d] m -OB (= ropoACKOH coeeT) Town / City Soviet; Town / City Council.
-a,
ropcT|b
-H, pi -H,
[gors^t^,
-efl
-z^d'']
~0 e
handful
/ {also
my
o
col
more than enough;

TbiM no
sick
6biTb
cbi-
~o
HCM-Ji.
and tired
col
of
be smth; npH-
ropHHula [gArchîtja] / -u mustard, ropHMHHHK [gArchîshnîk, -g] m -a, -ob mustard plaster; cxaBHTb apply a mustard
plaster.
-Ka,
-oe,
craTb c ho}k6m k
My-Ji.
~y
k ko-
worry the life out of smb {demanding smth). [g6rHshk9] n r6pjibiiii|Ko -Ka, -eK neck {of a bottle); mouth {of any vessel).
[gorn] -a, technol furnace, hearth.
I
ropuiloK fgArshok, -g] -kcb (earthenware) pot.
ropbKJHH [gor^kîy]
-H
a -an,
-He, sh f ropeK, -a, -o, 1. bitter {of taste); 2. fig
bitter,
ropH
-ob
ropH II [gorn] m -a, -ob bugle {a small trumpet). ropnlbiH [gornty] a \.: ~-aH uenb chain / ridge of mountains; ~-oe ymejibe mountain
gorge; 2. mining {industry, engineer, etc); oe AeJio mining.
unpalatable; 3. fig miserable {lot, etc); <> ~HH nbflHHua inveterate / confirmed drunkard.
ropHflK [gArnâk, -gj -OB miner; mining neer.
-tempered, fiery; heated {arwarm, gument, etc); very hearty {welcome, etc); 3. fig ropoA [gorat, -d] m -a, pi busy {time); -a, -OB town, city; Bbiexaib / <> no HM cjiCAaM hot on noexaib aa ropo^ go to the the heels {of); close in the country, go out of town; tracks (of), without delay.
-l,
n fgArûchîya] ropiOHlee -ero fuel; petrol, gas. a [gArâchîy] ropqHJHH -a, -an, -ee, -ne, sh f -^ -6, -H 1. hot {having a high temperature, very warm); 2. fig hot, ardent, fervent; hot,
engi-
rop
84
rocTHH|aji
-oii,
ropjmlMTbcn
|g9r''i^chîtts9]
-p'ijich,
[gAS^tînaya]
imperf -ycb, -HuibCH, p
-bix
drawing-room.
[gAs^t'în'îtsa]
-Hiecb, -HJiar.b, imp -I'lCb, paslropJiHHTbCJi [razgarî^chîttss] perf get excited; get
rocTMHHU,|a
/
-bi,
hotel;
BHTbCH B
a hotel.
~e
put up
inn; ociaHoat / stay
angryT roc6aHK
-a,
j '
[gozbank,
-g]
m
it
rocT|HTb
[gAs^'tît'']
imperf
-OB
(= rocyAapcTBeHHbiH romy,
{to
-Hiub,
-Hji,
imp
-h
6aHK) State Bank.

rocHHTajilb [gospîtal^jm -h, ,-H, -efl (military) hospital. m [gaspAdîn] rocno;i!HH -HHa,/7^ -a, rocno;!, -aM 1. gentleman; 2. Mr; sir; ;iaMbi h ~a! ladies and gentlemen!; 3. master {one who controls); caM ce6e --hh one's own master-^
pi
Ô'
stay {with smb); be on a vis-
smb, some place).

[gos^'t'', -z*'d*']
-eft
rocT|b
pi -H, 6biTb B
-h,
guest,
y...
visitor;
on a go on a visit, go visiting; pay a visit; npHXOAHxe (k HaM) b

be
viiit to...;
~HX
HATH B
~H
~h! come
to see us!
~HH
cBoero cjioea
man
of
one's word.
rocnoACTBlo [gAspotstva] n 1. supremacy; rule, domination {over)\ 2. prevalence, predominance. rocn6ACTB!oBaTb [gAspotst-y\o, -yeiub, p yv9t*'] imperf
-a
-osaji,
2.
imp
,
-yft
1.
rule {over);
3.
prevail,
predominate;
{of
command dominate
etc).
hill,
rocyAapCTBeHH|biH [gasudarstv^'mniy] a state; national {anthem, etc); -^bift agHTeJib statesman; ~bift cxpoft regime, state system; ~bift 5i3biK official language; bift nepeeopoT coup d'etat; ~aH HSMena high treason; acao ~0H BaH<H0CTH a matter of national importance. rocyAapCTB|o [gasudarstva] n -a ~ State; country, nation.
rocnoAb [gAspot**, -d''] m roTOBlHTb [gAtovît^] imrocnoAa the Lord, God; perf -JiK), -HUJb, p -HA, imp <> ~ c to66h! 1) God bless -b 1. prepare, make ready; you!; 2) nothing of the kind! train {teach); 2. cook {food); rocno)K|a [gaspAzha] / -h, make, fix {dinner, etc); -eft 1. lady; 2. Mrs; Madam; 3. have {smth) in store {for
Miss.
rocTenpHMMHtbiH [gas^tîprîimniy] a sh f rocxenpnHMCH, -a, -o, -bi hospitable. rocTenpHHMCTB|o [gas^tîpr'îimstva] n -a hospitality;
OKasbiBaTb
hospitality.
smb). [gAtov'îitja] roTOBlHTbcsi imperf -Jiiocb, -HuibCH, p -hjiCH, get
-HAacb,
imp
-bCH.
-biecb
ready
(for),
prepare
{for).
~o
give
show
~,
roTOBlbiH [gAtovty] a sh f -a, -0, -bi 1. ready, pre-
85
pared; tu ? are you ready?; -~Ha Bce he is ready / willing to do anyttiing; 2.
rpa
rpa3KAaHCTB|o [grAzhdanstV9] n -a citizenship, nationnoJiy^HTb ality; npasa ~-a
OH
finished nJiaTbe
{articles,
etc);
~oe
MocT ~ the bridge is <> Ha BceM CM with board and lodging.
ready-made
clothes; finished;
be admitted to the citizenship [also see <>]; <^ nojiyHHTb npaea a receive universal recognition. rpaM3dnHc|b [grAmzap^'is^,
-z^] /
-H,
-efi
romy
[gAsh^:ul seerocxHib.
-zh]
(gramophone)
re-
rpSL6\'em [grAb*'6sh,
-e>Ka, -e>KeH
recording; MysbiKa b --h
robbery {also fig corded music. col); plunder(ing). rpaMM [gram] m -a, -ob rpa6|HTb [grabît^] imperf gram(me). rpdMOT|a [gramata] / -h, -jiK), -Huib, p -HJi, imp -b, oirpaSHTb [Agrab^'it^] perf ^ 1. reading and writing; etc); yqHTbCH rob; sack (a town, e learn to read and write; 2.: BepHTCJibHue imperf also plunder, loot. rpa6|jiH [grablî] pi -ejib --bi credentials; noxBa^bHafl (-Jiefl), -JiHM rake (a tool). â (school) certificate of [gravîy] rpdBH|fl m - encouragement; noHeTHan ~a diploma (of honour); gravel. rpaBibp|a [grAVûra] / -bi, <> ({)HJibKHHa a col use^ engraving, print; etching less scrap of paper. rpaMOTH|bifl [gramatnty] a {an impression). rpaA [grAt, -d] m -a hail sh f FpaMOTen, -a, -o, -bi 1. literate; educated; 2. compe{frozen rain).
-a, rpaflyc [gradus, -z] -OB degree {a unit of measceroAHfl urement); CKOJlbKO
tent, skilful.
--0B? what's the temperature today?; A^cHib - ob lenjia ten degrees above [xojiojia] [below] zero.
rpaHarja [grAnata] / -m, grenade. rpaHAHOsHlbift [gr^n^d^'idzniy] a sh f rpaHAHoaen, -a, -bi -0, grandiose, grand;
m m
rpaAycHHK [gradus^'n^'ik, -a, -OB thermometer.
-g]
immense, vast. rpaHHT [grAnît,

granite.
-d]
-a
rpaKAaHHH
-a,
[grazhdAnîn]
pi rpa>KAaHe, rpaynjxaH,
rpaiKAdHlKa
-KH,
[grAzhdanka]
{a
-OK
citizen
member
I
of a state);
~!
hello!,
sayl
rpa>RAaHCK|HH [grAzhdanskîy] a -an, -oe, -ne civil,

civic; civilian;
civil funeral
~aH naRHXHâ ceremony.
[grAn^'itsa] / -u, border; frontier; boundnoexaxb aa --y go ary; abroad; sa efl abroad {in another country); H3-3a ~bi from abroad; 2. fig limit; nepeuTH Bce ~bi overstep the limits; 3TO nepexoAHTBce it's the limit.
rpaHMula
1.
Û
rpa
86
rpejiJKa [grêlka] / -kh, -ok
imperf -ht
fig)-
rpaHMHlHTb [grAn^'ichît^] border {on) {also

rpaH|b [gran^]
/
hot-water bag; footwarmer; ciaBHTb --Ky apply a hot-water
-h,
-efl
1.
facet,
side;
2.
fig
border,
-H
bag / footwarmer. rpcMleib [grî^'mêt'']

-JiK),
im-
verge, brink; npoBOAHTb -^-b Me>KAy... draw a distinction between...

rpa(l)la
perf
-i^mb,
-eji,
imp
rattle;
resound, ring out
clatter; clank; {also fig);

is
[grAfa] /
-bi,
pi
-bi,
~HT rpoM
it
it
thundering,
[grî^nlan^-
-aM
column
{in printing).
-g]
rpa(|)HK [graf^'ik,
-a,
thunders. rpeHJiaHA|eu
-dz]
-OB graph, diagram; time-table, schedule; tomho no according to schedule. -h rpa(})HKla [grafîka] /
dî(s,
-ua, -ues
Green-
~y
black-and-white
art.
lander. rpeHjiaHflCKiHM [grî^^nlanskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Greenlandic.
-a, -ob decanter; carafe. rpau,H63H|biH [gratsioznty] a sh f rpauHoaeH, -a, -o, -bi graceful. rpan [grach^, -j^] -a, -eii rook {a bird).
rpa(})HH [grAfîn]
rpelcTH [gr^'i^s^tî]
imperf
-6y, -6emb, p rpe6, -6Jia, imp -6h 1. row {with oars); scull;
paddle; 2. rake {hay, etc). rpCTb [grêt^] imperf rpero,

rpeeiub, p rpeji,
imp
rpeft 1.
rpeSeHJKa
-KH, -OK
0*
'-^
comb
CTpHHb
[grî^b'ônka] / {for the hair); Bcex noji OflHy
coJiHue give out warmth; CHjibHo rpeer it's very warm warm, heat; 2. in the sun; warm up; 3. keep warm {of a
coat, etc). rpex [gr'êkh, -gh]
I
Ky^
(try to)
fit
into the
make everyone same pattern.
-a,
rpeSjeHb [grêb^m^] m -hh, -HCH 1. comb {for tfie hair); 2. comb {of a cock); 3. crest {of mountains, etc). rpe6|eu [gr''i^b*'etj, -dz] m -ua, -UOB oarsman, rower. rpeSeuijoK [grîbî^shok, -g] m -Ka, -kob see rpedenb
1,
-OB sin
{moral
offence);
EepiuHTb
nepcA...
it's
cosin
{to
against...; 11 predic col
a sin
do smth);
o6H>K^Tb pe6eHKa
sin to treat a child it's a badly; ne -- h oiAOXHyxb it wouldn't be bad to have a

rest;
2.
rpe6ji|ji
[grêblâ]
-h
<> c '~6m nonojiaM col

ly,
rowing. rpesJHTb [grêzît^] imperf

rpejKy,
-Hiub,
hardbarely {manage to do smth).' rpCMaH|Ka [grî^chânka] /
p
-g]
-hji
dream,
-a,
-KH, -OK
gill-
Greek woman; Greek
day-dream.
rpCK [grêk, Greek.
-oa
rpenecKlMH [grêchîskîy] a -an. -oe, -He Greek.
87
rpeHHeB|biM [qrêch^nîviy]
rpy
cpe;i,H flCHoro He6a a from the blue; Merarb an Kama ~bi H MOJiHHH rage, storm. rpoMaflH|biH [grAmadniy] a ridge. rpeuilHTb [grî^shit^] imperf sh f rpOMaACH, -a, -o, -bi -Hiub, -y, p -Hji, imp -H huge, enormous, vast, im2. sin {against), mense. 1. sin; violate {the truth, etc). rpoMKlHH [gromkîy] a rpH6 [grîp, -h] m -a, -6b -an, -oe, -He, sh f rpoMOK,
<>
a:
~aH Kpyna
buckwheat; buckwheat por-
bolt
mushroom; toadstool.
rpHB|a
[gr^'ivo]
-bi,
-g]
mane. rpHBCHKHK [gr^fv^m^'ik,
m
{of
-a,
-OB
ten-copeck
coin
piece.
-a^ -o, -H 1. loud {sound); 2. oe fig famous, celebrated; I'lMH famous / great name; ~aH cjiasa great fame; 3.: --He cjiOBa fine words, highflown talk; 6e3 ~hx cjiob
rpHM [grîm]
-a
make-up without
a fuss.
an actor). rpHMac|a [gr'îmasa] / -bi, '- grimace; Aejiaib ~bi make
rpoMKoroBopMTeJi|b
kagavArîtîl*']
[gromloud
-h, -en
speaker.
faces.
rpoMosAKlHK [grAmostkîy]
[gr^îp, -b]
rpHnn
m m
-a flu,
influenza, grippe. -a, pi rpo6 [grop, -b] -b'l, -OB coffin; <> flo ~a till death. rposla [grAza] / -b'l, pi (thunder)storm; nac rp63bi, sacTaJia a we were caught
in a (thunder)storm.
rpo3fl|b [gros^t^, -z^d^] / pi -H (-bH), -eft (-bee) cluster {of grapes, etc). rposlHTb [grAzît^] imperf TpOHcy, -Huib, p -HJI, imp -h 2. shake {one's 1. threaten; finger, fist at smb). rposHlbiM [grozniy] a sh f
-H,
a -an, -oe, -ne, sh f rpoMoaAOK, -a, -0, -H cumbersome, bulky, unwieldy. rpoMHC [gromchî] comp of rpoMKHH & corresp adv. rpoxoT [grokhat, -d] m -a crash {a noise); rattle; rumble; roar, thunder. rpySocTlb [grubas^t^, -z^d^] / -H, -eft rudeness; roughness; roBopHTb ~H KOMy-Ji. be rude
to
-a,
smb.
rpySjbift
-o,
-bi
[grubiy] a sh f
1.
{skin,
coarse, material, etc);

;
{workmanship)
etc);
2.
rough crude harsh
{voice); 3. rude, coarse {words,
rpoaeH, -a, -o, -u (-bi) terformidable; threatenrible,

ing,
menacing; stern. rpoM [grom] m -a, pi
-bi,
-OB 1. thunder; 2.: flHCMGHTOB a storm plause;
anjio-
of
ap-
flagrant, gross {violablunder, etc). rpyAJa [gruda] / -bi, heap, pile. [grudînka] / rpyAMHK|a -H brisket; bacon.
4.
tion,
rpyAHJOH [grudnoy]
a;
4n
rpy
88
-h
KJiexKa anat thorax; -ôPi pe-
6eH0K baby.
rpyfllb
(-h), pi
[grut'',
-H,
-efi
{of the
body)',
-d^] / -h breast; chest bust, bosom;
rpw)K|a [grfzha] / hernia, rupture. rpbi3|Tb [gris^t^]

-y, -euib,/7
med
imperf
-h 1.
-Jia,
imp
gnaw
2.
{bite);
nibble
eat
{like
KopMHTb ^hvi nurse, suckle

(a baby). rpya [grus,
1.
rabbit, etc);
{nuts,
etc);
-z]
is
-a,
-ob
load
{what
carried)',
fia nag. rpRfllna [grâtka] / -kh, -ok bed {with vegetables or berrt)$i3H|HTb [gr^'i^z^nît''] im-
freight, cargo, goods; 2. bur-
ries).
den, weight. rpysHH [gruzîn]
-a,
perf
-H,
-i6,
-Hiiib,
-HJi,
imp
Georgian.
rpysHHCKlHfi [gruzînsk^'iy]
sairpHSHATb
[zagrî^z**-
nît^] perf soil,
make
I
dirty.
a -an, -oe, -He Georgian. rpy3|Hrb [gruzîf*] imperf rpyxy, rpyaniub (-Hiub), p -H, nojrpyaHTb imp -TAji,
[pagruz'ît'*] perf load
etc);
[grâzna] dirtily; untidily;

II
rpH3H0
adv
impers
it's
predic:
it's
full
muddy
embark
{goods, {cargo, etc);
KOMHaie
room;
na yjiHue outdoors; b dirty in the

is
the
room
untidy
entrain; emplane. rpysoBHK [gruzAv^'ik, -g] -a, -OB lorry; US truck. rpy34HK [grush^:ik, -g] stevedore, loader; -OB -a,
m m
of litter. rp^3H|biJI [grâzniy] a sh f rpflscH, -a, -0, -bi (-bi) 1. dirty; filthy; ~oe 6ejibe dirty
linen;
{road);
washing;
2.
muddy
dirty
/
2.
longshoreman. rpyHT [grunt, -d] m soil; ground, bottom. rpynn|a [gruppa] /
-a, -ob
-bi,
~
im-h;i,
an jiHHHOCTb <> character {a person).

rpji3|b
1.
[gr'âs^,
-z'']
-h
group; cluster {of trees, rpycT|HTb [grus'tît^]

perf
etc).
dirt;
mud,
slush;
3.
fig
-h,
filth;
corruption;
pi
rpymy,
-H
-Huib,
-eu <>
med mud;
imp
long
be
sad;
feel
{for).
I
blue;
{for),
yearn
rpycTHo
sadly;
II
[grusna]
predic
it
adv
sad;
impers
is
CMy ,
that...;
MTO...
he
is
sorry
I
MHe
cMeuidib c ~bK) defame, besmirch {smb's) name. ry6|a [guba] / -bi, pi ry6bi, -aM lip {of the mouth); BepxHHH a upper lip; hh>kHHH a lower lip.
vilify;
,
cJibimaTb sto
am
sorry to hear that. rpycTHlbiH [grusniy] a sh f rpycTCH, -a, -o, -bi (-bi) sad. rpyui|a [grusha] / -h,
[gubîf'il*'ry6MTejibH|biH nty] a sh f rySHiejieH, -a -o, -bi pernicious, ruinous, disastrous, fatal.
pear; pear-tree.
-jiv),
imperf ry6|HTb [gub^'it''] ry6Hmb, p -hji, imp -h,
m-^
noiry6HTb
[pagub^'it^] perf ruin, destroy; spoil. ry6{Ka [guplo] / -kh, -ok
Aa
hu-
sh f ryManeH, -a,
-o,
-bi
sponge {!)
absorbent).
'
mane. ryMHJo [gumno] n -a, pi an animal; 2) an rywHa, ryMen (ryMen), ryM-
HaM threshing-floor.
ryceHHuja
-bi,
imperf [gudêt^] ryfllcTb -HT, p -eji buzz; drone; hoot. -Ka, ryAloK [gudok, -g] -KOB 1. hooter; whistle {on an
[gus^mîtss]
zool
8c
technol caterpil-
lar.
rycT|eTb [gus^têt^] imperf

-eex
(-er)
/
engine, etc); horn; 2. hooting; whistle {of an engine, etc).

ryji [gul] m -a rumble, rumbling; hum, buzz; roaring
thicken,
dense(r).
become thick
rycjloH [gustoy] a sh f
-a,
~,
{of the wind). ryjiflHb|e [gulân^'ya]
-h,
ryjiHHHH
ure);
1.
walking
{for pleas-
2. outdoor -making.
fete;
merry-
[gulât^] imperf ryjilTb -Heiub, nojryjiqTb [pagulât^] perf 1. walk {for pleasure); go for a walk; have a walk; be out of doors; 2. col have a good time, make
-HK),
merry.
ryjiflui
[guPash, -zh]
-a
rycTO, rycxbi (-bi) thick, dense. ryc|b [gus^, -z^] -h, pi -H, -eft goose; <> KaK c ~si BOfla col like water off a duck's back. ryxajiMH [gutApin] -a shoe polish, blacking. ryiu|a [gush^:9] /-h 1. sediment; the thickness; 2. thicket, thick a forest); b {of ~e Mace in the midst of masses {of the people). rSC [ges] abbrev (/)(= tha-
goulash.
poajieKTpocTaHUHH) hydroelec-
rywaHHlbiH
[gumannty]
tric station.
A
Aa I [da] part 1. a word of affirmation or consent yes;
Aa- "Has he "Yes, he has"; Pa3Be OH He yexaji? ^JXa, ue yexaji. "Hasn't he left?" "No, he hasn't"; 2. denoting surprise in question form really?, in-
0h
yexaji?
left?"
position dA; in the second and other pretonic positions da] denoting intensification but, oh but; Aa Hex y
deed?;
0h
yexaji. ila?
"He
has
left".
"Really?"
"Has
he?"; 3.
[in the first pretonic
Hero sxofl KHHrn! but he doesn't have the book!; o mcm ero HH cnpocH, oh BcerAa Mx6-HH6yAb Aa anaex whatever you ask him, he always does know something / is sure to know something; Aa hxo
Aa
c
90
HUM roBopHTb! there's no sense in talking to hiim!; Aa Hy ero! col oh, bother him!; used when one suddenly 4.
smth
or
imp col let's, let us; ~aH(Te) noHACM TyAa let's go there; aft H noMory leSe come,
I'll
help
you;
recalls
changes
the
way,
subject of conversation by the that reminds me; Aa! Bbi BHêJiH ero? by the way! / that reminds me! have you
~aTb ornop rebuff, repulse; ~aTb cjioBo 1) prom<>

ise, give one's word; 2) give (smb) the floor; Aaxb SHaxb let know, let hear; aib ct6a 3HaTb make itself felt;
seen him?; 5, denoting disbeirony, etc lief, strong doubt, not likely; catch him [her, etc] doing it; I don't believe it;ÔH npHflei 3aBTpa, Aa,
~dTb xoA HeMy-ji. advance / promote smth; set smth going; efi HejibSfl Aatb Sojibuie ABaAUaiH JiCT she does not npHZieT. SaBTpa oh 6y.AeT sa- look more than twenty; kh cxactly HHT. "He'll come tomorrow". Aaxb HH B35iTb col the same, as like as two peas; I don't believe "Not likely!
he'll be busy"; used with imperative to express a wish: Aa sApaBCTByer..! [dAzdrastvuyat] long
it!
Tomorrow
afl,
~aH!
come
col
go
ahead!;
6.
get on!;
on! AaelHTb [dAvît^] -Ji\b, AaBHUJb, p -Hji,

I.
imperf
live..!
lie
heavy
(on),
imp -n weigh (on)

hurt
{of
[da; in the first predA\ in the tonic position second and other pretonic positions d^] cj denoting 1. and besides; addition and;
Aa
II
{also fig); 2.
press,
Mbi
Aa
Bbi
you
and
we;
2.
contrast and, but; oh o6emaJi
npHHTH, Aa He npHiueA he promised to come but failed. imperf Aaeldrb [dAvat^] AaK), Aaeuib, p -an, imp -Aik, Aaxb [dat^] perf AaM, Aamb, AacT, AaAHM, AaAHie, AaAyx, p Aa-^, flaAa, AaJio (AaAo), imp Aafi 1. give {1) smth to
smb; 2) milk, said of a cow; fruit, of a tree, etc; 3) a concert, etc); -~aTb lessons, evidence, TejierpaMMy send a telegram; wire; 2. let, allow; CMy He --aAH roBopHTb they didn't {no perf) let him speak; 3.
parts of clothing, etc); 3. crush {snakes, etc); 4. squeeze, press, crush {a lemon, grapes, etc). AaBKJa [dafk9] / -n crush {a mass of people). AaBJieHHJe [dAvPenîya] n -H pressure -H, {also fig); --ê OKasbieaTb na kofo-a. exert pressure on smb. AaBHiHfi [davnîy] a old, bygone; ancient; of long standing; c -^hx nop for a very long time, AaBHO [dAvno] adv 1. long ago; 2. for a long time {of waiting, knowing, etc); nopa it's high time. <>
footwear,
AaAHM
[dAdît^'il
[dAdîm],
1st
AaAHre
persons
& 2nd
pi of Aaxb, see Aasaib,
91
AaM
Aame [dazha]
even
(1)
part
intens
though one would not expect it; 2) used with comp).

flafi
[day]
imp
of Aaih; see
AajibHjHH [dal^nîy] a 1. remote; ~ee pacCTOHHHe long / great distance; ero AeHCTBHH long-range {aircraft, etc); 2. distant {of
distant,
relatives);
;iaBaTb.
m^
[dal], AaJia
[dAla]
of iiaxb; see AaeaTb. Aajiee [dalîya] adv 1. further, farther; 2. then, further;
and so H xaK <> and so forth; et cetera.

-
BocTOK the Far East. flajibH0BH;;HlbiH[d9PnAvîdniy] a sh f AajibHOBHAeH, -a,

<> flajibHHH
-0,
-bi prescient, far-seeing.
on,
far-sighted,
AajieK|HH [dAlôkîy] a -eh, sh f -^ âjieKa, -He, ABjieKo (-o), flaJieKH (-h) 1. remote, distant, far-away; 2. long {way, journey, etc); 3.
-oe,
,
AajibHosopKlHH [dal^nAzora -an, -oe, -He, sh f AajibHoaopoK, -a, -o, -h longk'îy]
-sighted, far-sighted
see far).
fldjibiue
{able to
fig far (from);
(from),
far
removed
[ot ~Hfl ot ueJin FiCTHHbi] wide of the mark [truth].
[dal^shl^] I comp & corresp adv; II adv then, next; mto ~? what next?; a 6biJio ?
of jxaJieKnik
mo
AajiCKO [d9Pi*^k6]
adv
far
what
away,
off;
far
off,
long
way
nosajxn far behind; II impers predic 1. it's a long way to...; eme -~? do we have to go much farther?; Ao SToro eme -~ this is still a long way off; 2.: eMy [efi
happened next /then?; MTO 6yAeT ~? what is going to happen?, what will happen
next?;
<>
AaM
go on! [dam]
1st
/
person
-bi,
of
1.
Aaxb; see jtaBaxb.
m.
d.]
AaMJa
lady; ing)
.
[dama]
partner
Ro
Mero-ji.
[she, etc] is far from smth; eMy [efl u m. d.] ~ flo Koro-Ji. he [she, etc] is much
he being
2.
{in
danc-an,
AaMCKlHH [damskîy] a
-oe,
inferior to smb; 3a nojiHOHb long after <> samidnight; (cjihuikom)
-He ladies'. flaHHlbie [danntya]
pi -bix
xoAMTb go too far; '- ne... far from being...; ~ HAyiUHH

far-reaching {plans, etc). [dAl^nêyjxajibH^fiui'HH shty] a -an, -ee, -He further {explanations, etc); subsequenl; -^ B -^CM later on; in future.
data, facts; uH4)poBbie ~bie figures {of production, etc); npHBOAHTb ~bie cite data; no to..., ac~biM... according the data {of)\ cording to 2. makings (o/ a person). fldHHJbiH [dannly] a given, present; b oe speMfl at present, at the (present) mo1.
ment.
WM
92
;iamb [dash, -zh] 2nd person of A^Tb; see Aaeaxb. AaK) [dAyu], Aaeiiib [dAyosh, -zh] see Aaeaxb. ABa [dva] nam card &n, ABC [dvê] / AByx, AsyM, ABe) & AByx, ARyMH, (o) (/ Asyx two; b paaa 66jibme twice as much; twice as many; twice the size {of); b paaa MCHbiiie half (the...); half the
AaHlb [dan^] / -h contribution, tribute {also fig); OTAaTb b BpeivieHH take cognizance of tJie age / time.
Aap [dar]
1.
-a,
pi
a
-bi,
-6b
of
-ib,
gift,
donation;
npHHecTH
gift
mo-ji. B
make
smth; 2. gift, talent. AaplHTb [dArît^] imperf

AapHUib, p
-HJi,
imp
-H, noi-
flapAib [padAFît^] perf make a present of, present; give {as
size {of);
a present); imperf also make <> -~-xpH one or two, a presents; --HTb na naMHTb give couple {of); b AByx cAOBax very briefly; b AByx uiarax as a keepsake. flapoBaHH|e [darAvanîya] n near by; a few steps away; B '-' CHexa col in a jiffy, in -H, -H talent, gift. AapoM [daram] adv 1. free no time. ABaAuaxbiH [dvAttsatty] num (of charge), for nothing; 2.
for
next
{of
to
trifle
nothing, buying); 3.
vain;
for
purpose, in
no TpaTHTb
to
waste {time, etc); > 5to CMy ~ He npofiAer he'll pay for it. jiacT [dast, -zd] 3d person
of A^Tb; see AasaTb. date AdTJa [d^ta] / -bi, {on a letter, etc). AaTCK|Hfl [da^kîy] a -aH, -oe, -He Danish.
AaTH^H|HH
-HHa, pi
~ Aanja [dachâ] / -h, country cottage; summer house; JKHXb na e live in (session). ABCcxH [dvês^tî] num card the country; noexarb na ~y AByxcox, AByMcxaM, ~, ABygo to the country. AaHHJbiH [dach^niy] a: ~biH MHCxaMH, (o) AByxcxax two nocejioK suburban settlement; hundred. '-biH noesA suburban train; AEHraxejiLb [dvîgatîP] m '--biii ceaoH summer holiday -H, -eft 1. engine, motor; pe/
Aaxb
see
~ Dane. Aaeaib 1,2.

-e,
[dAt^ch^^nîn]
ord twentieth. ABaAUaxjb [dvattjat^, -d''] nam card -h, -bib twenty. [dvazhdi] ABa}KAbi adv two times, twice. ABe see Asa. ABeHÂUaxbiH [dvî^nattjat*y] num ord twelfth. ABeHÂiâxjb [dvî^nattsat^, -d^] num card -h, -bK) twelve. ABep|b [dvêr^] / -h, pi -h, -eft door {of a room, etc); BXOAH^H ~b front door; entrance {to a house, etc)\ b ~HX in the doorway; <> npH saKpbixbix ~flx behind closed doors; in private
season.
aKXHBHUH
jet engine;
-b
93
ABOp
JK^y
BHyTpeHHcro cropaHHH nal-combustion engine; motive force,
inter2.
fig
jiBHr|aTb [dv^'igat^] imperf -aeuib, flBHH|yTb [dvî-aio, nut^] perf -y, -eiub, p -yji, imp -b move {cause to change place); set going; advance, promote; ~aTb pyKofl [najibufiuum.n.] mo\:e one's hand (finger, e^c]. ABHrjaTbCJi [dv^'igattja] im-aeiubCH, abhperf -aiocb, H|yTbcji [dvînuttja] perf -ycb, -eiubCH, p -yJiCH, -yjiacb, imp -bCH, -bxecb move {change position); ~aTbCH Bnepe^ ad-
I (dvor] m -a, -6b 1. courtyard; npoxoAHofl communicating courtyard; 2. household, farmstead; <> Ha ~e out of doors, out-
yard,
side;
nocTOiijibiH
inn; mo-
HCTHbiH mint; hh kojiA hh ~d neither house, nor home. ABOp II [dvor] m -a, -6b court {of a sovereign).
[dvArêtj, -d^] -uoB palace. ABopHHK [dv6rnîk, -g] -a, -OB care-taker {of a buildr
-ua,
ABOp|eu
m
m
ing); janitor.
ABy..., AByx... first
element
of
vance,
move forward.
compounds denoting 'two' {consisting of two, having
[dvîzhenîya] two, etc): AByKpaTHbiH [dvun -H, -H 1. motion, move- kratni'y] twofold, double; ment; nocTynaxeJibHoe e on- AByxHeAeJibHMH [dvukhn^'i^ward movement; npHBO^HTb d^'el^'niy] two-week, bi-weekB ê set in AByxsTa^cHbiH motion, set ly; [dvukhgoing; npHxoAHTb b ~e 1) etazhniy] two-storey. begin to move; come into AByjiH4H|biH [dvulîch^niy] operation; 2) fig be stirring a sh f AByJiHHeH, -a, -o, -u
to
ABHeHHle
action;
2.
traffic {of ve-
double-faced.
hicles, etc); 3.
{social);
e
see
fig movement 3a MHp peace
AByM [dvum] dat

ABe; see Asa.
of
Asa
&
movement. ABHHyTb
AByMcraM
of ABeCTH.
[dvumstam] dat
ABHraxb. ABHHyTbCfi see ABHraibCH. flB6|e [dvoya] num collect -HX, -HM, -HX (-e), -HMH, (o)
AByMq [dvumâ] instr ofABa & ABe; see ABa. [dvumâstaAByMflCTaMH

mî] instr of ABecTH. ABycMbicjieHH|biH [dvusmis^Pmnty] a sh f ABycMbicJien, -a, -o, -bi 1. dubious, equivocal; indecent, obscene. 2. AByx [dvukh, -gh] gen, ace & pr of ABa & ABe; see Asa.
AByx... see ABy...
-HX two. flBOHKla [dvoylo] / -h, aboeK 1. two (a figure); 2. black mark, "poor", "two".
[dvAynîk, -g] m {of a person). ABOHHOH [dvAynoy] a double (/) door, etc; 2) share, amount, etc; 3) meaning, game, etc).
ABOHHHK
-a,
-OB double
AByxcoT [dvukhs6t,
of ABCCTH,
-d]
gen
flBy
-- 94
AeBflTHaAuaTbiH
nattsatty] teenth.
ndttat^,
[dîvî^t-
flByxcrax [dvukhstakh, -gh] pr of ABecTH. fleBJaTb [dî^vat^] perf & imperf -aio, -aeuib, fleib [dêt^] perf Aeny, AeHeiub, p a^ji, flejia, imp aghb put, do with;
num
-d^]
ord
nine-
AeBHTHaAUarlb
[dîvî^t-
num
card
-h,
-bK) nineteen.
-âjia pyqKy? where AeBMTbiH [dî^vâtjy] num has she put the pen?, what ord ninth. has she done with the pen?; AeBflxlb [dêwîi^ -d^] num OH He 3HaeT, Kyâ ~aTb CBoe card -h, -bib nine. AeBHTbcoT [dîv''i^tss6t,.-d] BpeMH [CBOH AeHbFH U TU. tl.] he does not tcnow what to do num card AesHTHcoT, AeeHXHAeeHTbKDcxaMH, (o) with his time [money, etc]\ cxaM, <> ~aTb HCKyAa col plenty AeBHXHCxax nine hundred. AerjOTb [dôgat'', -d^] m -xh of, lots of.
KyA^ oHa
ACBlaTbCfl [d^'i^vattja] perf -aeiubCH, imperf -aKx:b, flCTbCM [dêttja] perf Aenycb,
(-TK))
tar, pitch.
&
AeA [dêt, -d] m -a, -ob 1. granddad, grandfather; 2. col
AeneuibCH, p A^Jicfi, AeJiacb, old man; imp AGHbCH, AeHbTecb 1. dis- <> ~-M0p63 Father Frost; Faappear, get to; KyAa ~ajicH ther Christmas, Santa Glaus. [dêdushka] 6jiokh6t? where has the pad AeAyuiJKa disappeared / got to?; KyA^ -KH, -CK granddad. '-aJiCH MHuia? what has be[d^'i^zhurît^] AewyplHTb come of Misha?; where has imperf -k), -Huib, p -hji, imp Misha disappeared?; 2.: eMV -b 1. be on duty; 2. watch HeKyAa -^-aibCH he has no- (beside a sick-bed, etc). AemypHbiH [dî^zhurniy] 1 where to go; OH He 3HaeT, xyAa ~aTbC5i OT nocexHTejieft he a on duty; ^ does not know how to escape 11 as a noun AejKypHJbiH from visitors; oh ne snaex, m -oro, -bix one on duty; -^ -^TbCH OT CTbiAa he no cxaHUHH assistant stationKyA^ does not know what to do -master. AcaepTHp [d^'izî^rt^'ir] with himself for shame. AeBOH|Ka [dêv9ch'*k9]/ -KH, -a, -OB deserter.
-CK (little) girl.
AeByui|Ka [dêvushks]
-CK girl, lass.
/ -kh,
num
;ieBHH6cT|o [d^'ivî^nosta] card -a ninety. ACBHHocTbiJi [dîvî^nostty] num ord ninetieth.
AeB^TJKa [d^'i^vâtka] /-KH, K)K nine (a figure).
Ae3HH(t)^KUHiji fd**iz''inf''ektsiya] / -H, -H disinfection. ÂeHCTBHle [d^'eys^t^vîya] n -H, pi -H, -H 1. action, operation; Mecxo -~h scene of action; npHBOAHTb b ~e put in action; BBOAHXb s ~e put into effect, implement (a law, etc)\ 2. action, deed; pi also
activities, activity; conduct,
95
[dî^kabr*"]
[d^'i^kada]
fleji
behaviour;
5.
3. effect {of
a med-
play, etc); aa in the field.
apMHa army
act {of a play); operation; nexbipe -H apH4)MeTHKH tlic fouT rules of arithmetic; H hostilities, <> BoeHHbie military operations; CBoSoAa --H a free hand. flCHCTBHTejibHo [dî^ys^tîcine, etc); 4.
math
AeKa6p|b December.
ACKaflla
-ji
/ -bi
-a,
^
-ob
ten-day period.
flCKaH
[dî^kan]
dean {of a faculty). ACKaHar [dîkAnat,

-a,
-d]
vMt^'iPna] I adv really; 11 parenth really, indeed, to

the truth. fleftcTBHTejibHocTlb [dî^ys^t'vîtîl^nas^t^, -z^d^] / -h
tell
-OB dean's office {at a faculty).
AeKopauHJfl
/ -H,
-ft
[dîkAratsiya]
theat scenery. ^ ACKpex [dî^krêt, -d] -a, -OB decree {of the govern-
reality. fleficTBHTejibHJbiH [d^'i^ys^t^vîtîl^niy] a sh f achCTBHTejieH, -a, -o -bi 1. real, actual, true; 2. valid, avail-
ment,
Acji
etc).
[d^'el], ACJia [dêla]
of
Aexb; see Aesaxb. [d^'elat^] ACJijaxb

-aio,
imperf
[z'Mê-
-aeiub,
clACJiaxb
able {ticket, etc); <> -~biH 3aji6r ling active voice; ~biH HJien AKaACMHH HayK Member of the Academy of Sciences; aa cjiyjKSa mil active service. fl,eFCTB| 0BaTb[ dêystyvat*"] imperf -yio, -yeiiib, p -oeaJi, imp -yft, noifleHCTBOBaTb [pAdêystyvat^] perf 1. {no perf) act; work, function; run {of a machine); pa^HonpHeMHHK He yei the radio set is out
of
1. make, produce; do {act); oh Bce ~aex no-CBoeMy he does everything in his own peculiar way; he has everything his own way; 3. do {one's work, lessons, etc);
laf*] perf
2.
make
report,
{an
etc);
attempt, mistake, -axb yxpeHHioio
THMHacxHKy do morning exercises; cAeJiaxb bh3hx pay a
axbSbiroBop primand, reprove;

visit /call;
re-
order;
2.
have an
effect
{on); take effect; sto JieKapCTBO xopoiuo -yex this med-
icine is efficacious; this medicine has a favourable effect {on smb).
necxb KOMy-ji. [nedo credit to smb [smth]; axb BHA pretend, feign; --axb Henero it can't be helped; ox Henero -âxb col to while away the time. ACJilaxbCfl [d^'elattsa] imperf
My-ji.]
~axb
flCHCTByiomlHH [dêystvuyush^riy] a
[pa]
-an,
-ee,
-He:
~HH
Ô'
saKOH law in force;

jiHi;6
~aH
-aeiubCH, c:AeJiaxbca [z^dêlattsa] perf 1. become, grow, get {also impers); ~aex-aiocb,
MOA^Jib working model;
CH
cool;
npoxJiaAHo
2.
it's
getting
~ee
character {of a
go on, happen; mxo
AeJi
96
AejifO
[d''ela]
1.
3Aecb aexcH? what's going on here?, what's up here? ACjierar [dîPi^gat, -d] m
'
-a,
pi -a,
~,
-ajvi
work
{activity);
-a,
-OB delegate. AejierauH(ji [dîlî^gatstya]
/ -H, -H delegation (a group);' B cocTaee on a delegation.
-H,
2.
[dî^lênîya] n AejieHHJe -H 1. division {the act of);
point {of a scale);
[nOAHHTbCH]
Ha ipH
~H
ynacib gO
down
[up] three points.
flejijeu,
[dî^Petj,
-dz]
-bua, -buoB business man. flejiHKaTH|biH [dîPikatnty] a sh f AeJiHKaieH, -a, -o, -bi 1. delicate, tactful, considerate; 2. delicate, ticklish. Aeji|HTb [d'î^Pit'^] imperf
-K),
cnopHTCH the work is in swing; 2. affair, business; concern {of mine, domestic, etc); y mchh k eaivi ~o I have some business with you; y Hero mhofo ~ he has many things to do; ne BMGiiiHBaiicH He B CBoe 0 mind your own business; 3. deed, act; AoSpoe ~o good deed; cêjiaxb 6o;ibmoe ~o achieve a great feat; 4. cause {of peace, of the working class, etc); 5.: HH>KenepHoe o engineering; cJiecapHoe 0 metal working; cTOJiapHoe o joinery; anarb CBoe o know one's job; 6. case {in a court); 7. {mostly
full
~o
AejiHUib.
-HJi,
imp
-h,
pi) the state of affairs; things;
KaK ~a? how are you?, how are you getting on?, how do matters stand?; Kan BaujH '-HTb Ha... divide by {a cer- ~a? how are you getting on?; tain number); ~HTb noposHy ero ~a hjioxh things are bad divide equally, divide into with him; he is rather poorequal parts; ~HTb nono.iaM ly; 8. matter {of habit, taste,
noJAejiHTb [pad'î'^l'ît^] perf, pasJAejiHTb [raz^d*'i*^lît''] per} 1. divide {into parts, etc);
divide into halves; 2. (pasêfig share {with smb); -^HTb c KCM-Ji. rope [paAocTb u m. n.] share smb's grief
JiHTb)
of
9.
great
file,
MeM ~o? what
importance, etc); b is the matter?;

Jiri^Hoe
dossier;
[joy, etc]. Aeji|MTbCJi [dî^lîttja] imperf -K)Cb, Ae/lHUibCH, p -HJICH, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb, [psdî^lîttsa] noiAeJiHTbCfl perf, pa3:AejiHTbC5i [raz^dM^-
personal file; {smb's) record; <0> 3a ~o according to one's/ smb's deserts; eMy nonajio 3a -~o he got his deserts;
Ha
~e
deed;
in fact;
Ha
in fact, in reality; incaMOM JKC -ê but

is (that...);
but the fact
Pitts9] perf 1. (pasAeJiHTbCH) divide {of a stream, certain number); be divided; 2. (noAejiHTbCH) fig share {smth with smb); tell {one's impressions, etc); confide {in smb).
really?, you don't say so!; -~o e tom, hto...

B
caMOM
ê?
point /thing is that...; t6m-to h ~o, hto... the whole point is that.,.; He B 3T0M --0 that's not the
the
B
97
point; TO H ~-o perpetually, incessantly; every now and then; He y out of service,
2.
ACH
display,
parade; showing.
show,
out
all,
of
work;
nepebiM
~om
[dênîzhniy] AeHe}KH|biH a monetary, pecuniary; bin
in the first instance, first of

first
nepeBOA money order; b

ey.
om
col
thing; roBopHTb HivieTb talk sense;
~o
-~-o
Bbipa>KeHHH in terms of mon-
have to do with smb; ACHy [dênu], Aeneiub [d''eKaKoe eiviy gag aTcro! what nîsh, -zh] ht & 2nd perdoes he care for this!; bot sons of AGTb; see Aesaib. 810 ~o! (that'-) good!; axo Aenycb [dênus^, -z**], Ae--o ero pyK this is his hand- HeiubCfl [dên''ishs''9] 1st & iwork; it's his doings; 6jih- 2nd persons of Aexbcn; see
c KCM-ji.
K ~y! come to the point!, stop beating about the bush! flCJioBOH [d'îlAvoy] a 1. busi~ paaroBOp talk on ness; business matters; 2. business-like, efficient.
AeJicfl
[d^'els^'a],
we
AeBaTbca. AeHb I [d^'en^] m AHH, ahk), AHCM, (O) AHe, pi AHH, on AH eft, AHHM day; b stot on that day; na this day; (the) next day; cJieAywmHH
flejiacb
3ar~.-:^~~Ao...
day
before...;
[debs^,
-z^]
of
;teTbCH;
qepe3
every other day; the
see fleeaTbc.'i.
day
after
tomorrow; e tph
[d^'ePniyj a 1. efficient, business-like; 2.: --biH paaroBOp serious talk; '--biH coBer practical advice; '-an MbicJib sensible idea; -~oe npeAÔHêHHe sensible/ practical proposal.
jiejibHlbiH
qaca ahh at 3 p. m., at three in the afternoon; ~ po>KAeHHH birthday;

<> AoSpwH --! good morning!; good afternoon!; hbo aha b -^ day in, day out; co ahh na ACHb 1) from day to day; 2) any day {in the future); ~ oto AHH with every passing day; Ha AHflx 1) the other day, recently; 2) one of these days, in a day or two; ~ h H04b all the time; Tpexbcro ahh the day before yesterday; fleHb-AeHbCKOH col all day long; cHHTaHHwe ahh very little time, very few days. AeHb II [dên^] imp o/Aeib;
see AeeaTb.
AeMHJiHTapHaauHJH [d^'imîPitar'îzatstya] tarizationT

/
-h demili-
AeMo6HJiH3au,H|n [dîmab'îPizatslya] / -h demobilization." AeMOKpaTHHecKJHH [dîmakrAtîchîskîy] a -an, -oe, -He democratic. AeM0KpaTH|5i [dîmAkratîya] / -H
HapoAHOH
democracy; crpaHbi ~H People's De-
mocracies. ACMOHCTpauHlfl [dîmAnstra^tya] / -H 1. demonstration,
AeHbrJH
ner, -aM
[dên^gî]
pi
Ae-
money; Kpynnue -^h
big bank-notes;
JICH
<> HH 3a KaKHe for the world, not
~h
col
for
not any-
thing. AeHbcsi [dên^s**8], AeHbxecb

[d'ên^'tîs'',
some way); sa 3y6aMM col tongue.

{in
axb
hold
asbiK
one's
-z^]
imp
0/ Aeib-
imperf
-ajiCH,
Aep}K|axbCJi -ycb,
1.
[dî^rzhattsa]
ch; see AesaxbCH. -a, jienyxat [dîputat, -d] -OB deputy {of the Supreme Soviet, etc). Aeprjaib [d^'orgat^] imperf -aeiub, AepHJyxb [dôr-aio,
Aep^nmbCH, p -aJiacb, imp -HCb,

hold
-Hxecb
2.
on
{to
smth);
rest {on), be held {by), be supported {by); 3. behave,
nut^]
perf
-H
1.
-y,
-eiub,
p
2.
-yji,
imp
pull, tug;
{no
out {teeth);. 3. {no perf) fig harass, worry. AepeEeHCK|Hfi [d^'irî^vênsk'îy] a -an, -oe, -He rural; HH >iHreJib villager, countryman. Aep6BH|H [dî^rêvnâ] /-h, pi -H, AepeR^Hb, -HM village.
perf) pull
oneself; conduct stand 4. firm, hold out; hold one's ground; <> axbcfl B cxopGHe 1) stand aside; 2) fig keep aloof; ejie --axbcfl Ha Horax be on one's
last
legs.
liepsKHM [dêrskîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f AepsoK, -a, -o,

-H 1. impertinent, saucy; daring, bold {plan, etc).
2.
fl^peBJo [dêrîva] n -a, pi ;;epeBbH, AepesbeB 1. tree; conifer; jiHcxBenXBOHHoe foliage tree; 2. wood Hoe {as a material). [dîr'î^vânflepeBMHHbiH
~o
AepMCb [d'î^rîs'', -z^], acpHxecb [d'î^rîtîs^, -z^j see AP^XbCH. Aepnyxb see Aepraxb 1. Aepycb [d'î^rus*', -z^], jxepenjbCH ApaxbCH.
-OB
[dî'^rôshsâ]
see
niy] a wooden. Aepmaela [dî^rzhava] / -bi, -- power, state (a country). jiepwl^xb [dî^rzhat''] imperf -y, AîpJKHUib, p -an, imp -H hold {]) in the hand, etc; 2) the head straight, etc; 3) keep (/) in readiness, etc); hands in the pockets, etc; 2) smth in order; 3) a dog, etc); 3K3aMeH take an <> -âib
AecaHx [dî^sant, -d] m -a, 1. landing (0/ troops);
BbicajKHBaxb make a landing, land troops; 2. landing force / party. Aecepx [dî^sêrt, -d] m -a
dessert.
ACCHla
AecHbi<
[dî^sna]
-bi,
pi
AeceH,
AecnaM gum
{around the teeth), Aecnox [d^'espat, -d]

-oB despot.
r'^ya]
examination; axb nyxb e... / Ha... head for..., make for...; be bound for...; ~axb nypc Ha... 1) head for...; 2) fig pursue a course of...; axb ce6fl behave, conduct oneself
-a,
Aec5ixH66pb|e [d^'isît'îbd' n -h sport decathlon. Aecjix|Ka [d^'i^s'âtka] / -kh, -OK 1. ten {a figure); 2. col ten-rouble note.
99
flecnTJOK [dî^sâtak, -g] -KH, -KOB 1. ten 'Ka, pi {1) ten similar objects; 2) pi the number next to the unit);
2.
AH3
figure / worker; noJiHTHêcKHH political figure; b nayKH scholar, man of science; --H Kyjibxypbi cultural work-
~b
pi scores, dozens.
;;ecflTbiH
ers.
[dî^s^'atty]
nam num
part,
ord tenth.
AecjiT|b [dêsît^, -d^]
card -H, -bK) ten.

;ieTaji|b
1.
[dêyatîl**AeflTejibHOCTJb nas^t^, -z^d^] / -h activities, activity; oSmecToeHHaH ~b social work.
[d^'i'^tal^]
/ -h, -efi
detail;
2.
technol
component.
-eft,
MM [dêyatîl'^nty] AenxeJieH, -a, -o, -bi energetic, active; npHHHMaxb

ACflTejibH
f
I
a sh
AeT'iH [dêtî] pi -efl, -hm, -bMii, (o) -HX {sing ah-
~oe yâcxHe
jazz.
b...
take
an
-ob
-a,
Ta n) children. AeicKJHH [d^'etjkîy] a -an,

-oe, -He children's, childish; infantile;
active part in... Awa3 [dzhas, -z]
-a,
child's,
AweMnep [dzhemper]
-OB jumper;
<> -~HH
-~aji
ca^
kindergarten;
njiomÂKa playground. AeTCTBJo [d^'etjtva] n -a

b
pull-over. AHaroHajijb [dîagAnal^] -H, -eft diagonal.
AHarpaMMJa [dîAgramma]
-bi,
childhood;
<> Bna;jaTb
--
graph, diagram.
~o
become
AHajieKx [dîAl'êkt, -gd]

-a,
dotard, be in one's dotage. ACTb see Aeeaxb.
-OB dialect. AMajieKxHK|a[d*'iAlêktîkaJ
AeTbCH
see
AeeaTbcn.
-H dialectics.
Ae4)eKT [dî^Pekt, gd] -a, -OB blemish, defect. AeuieBJeTbfdîshf^vêt^] imperf -eei, noJAemeBeTb [padîsht^v^'et^'J perf become cheaper,
AHajicKTHHecKJHH
lî^ktîchîskîy] a -an, -He dialectical.
[dîa-oe,
AHaMexp [dîam^'itr] -OB diameter.

AHBaH [dîvan]
sofa.
m
-a,
-a,
fall in price. AeuieBJie [dî^shevPi] comp of AemeBbiH & corresp adv. [d^'oshava] AeineBO adv cheap {also fig); 3to oqenb
-ob
AHBCpcaHx [dîvî^rsant, -d] -a, -oB wrecker, saboteur. ahbh3h6h [dîvîzîon] m

6^5
/
it's
very cheap; --
OTAe-
jiaTbCH get off cheap. [dî^shoviy] AeiueBJbiH
mil battery; -OB -a, (artillery) battalion.

AHbh3m|ji
-H,
ft
[dîvîzîya]
-bi
sh f AemeB, AemeBa, AemeBo, Aemep.bi cheap {also fig); ^bie ueHbi low prices.
Ae5iTeji|b [dêyat**!!^]
efl:
mil division. AHex|a [dîeta] /

AHseHxepHJfl
diet
{special food).
[dîzîn'^tî-
-h,
oSmecTBeHHuft --b public
rîya] / -h dysentery.
flHK
100
1.
AHKap|b [dîkar''] m-A, -eft savage; 2. fig very shy
AHCKpeAHTHploeaTb
rîdîf'iravat*^] perf
-yro,
[dîsk-
&
imperf
-yft
fellow/ person. AHk|hh [dîkîy] a -aH, -oe, -He, sh f , -a, -o, -Hwild, savage; shy, unsociable; outpreposterous; '-aa rageou*^, MecTHocTb wilderness; --Hfi
-yemb, p
-osaJi,
imp
discredif, disgrace.
m^'inatjiya] / -h
tion.
AHCKpHMHHau,H{$i [dîskr^'idiscrimina-
KpHK
-bi
yell,
scream.
/
flHKTaTyp|a [d^'iktAtura] dictatorship.

-yio,
-yeiiib,
AHKTloBaTb
imperf
[d^'iktAvat'']
-oeaji,
imp
-yfl,
npoJAHKTOBaTb [pra-
AHCKyccHlsi [dîskusîya] / -ft discussion, debate {mostly scientific). AHcnaHcep [dîspAnser] -a, -OB dispensary {for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis, veneric diseases,
-H,
dîktAvat''] perf dictate.
etc).
AHKTOp [d'îktar] m -a, -od announcer {in broadcasting),

flHOJioM [dîplom] m-a, -ob o6 okohdiploma; HMexb qaHHH Bysa be a university [college] graduate. AHnjioMax [d^'iplAmat, -d] m -a, -OB diplomat.
flHcncTHep
[d^'ispêt^ch^'ir]
-d]
-a,
-OB (traffic) dispatcher.

[d^'isput,
AHcnyx
-a,
-OB (public) debate.
AHCceprauH,!
tiya] / -H, tation.
-ft
[dîsî^rtathesis, disser-
;iHnjioMaTH4ecK|Hft
mAt''ich.îsk*'iy]
[dîpla-oe,
AHCu,HnjiMH|a I [d^'istsipl'îna] / -bi discipline {military,

school, etc).
-an,
-He diplomatic.
AHCi;HnjiHH|a
[dîr**i^kt**iv9]
II
[dîstjip-
AHpeKTHB|a
/ -H,
lîna]
-bi,
subjecT, a
directive,
instruc-
tion,
branch AHT
AHHJb
of science.
[d^'it^'a]
n {pi acth)
-j^]
/'
AHpcKTOp [dîrêktar] m -a, pi -a, -OB director, manager.

AHpeKU,H|fl
-H,
-ft
child, baby.
[d^'ich^,
-H
[dîr'êktjiya] / management (persons);

/
game
birds).
{wild
animals
and
director's
manager's
office.
AHpHHcep [d^'irîzhor] m -a, -OB conductor {of an orchestra).
AHpHWHploeaTb
ravat'']
[d'*ir'*izht-yio,
imperf
-yeuib,
AJiHH|a [dlîna] / -bi length; -^y lengthwise; ~6ft b ceMb MexpoB seven metres long. AJiHHHJbiH [dlînnty] a sh f AJiHHeH, -a, -o (-6), -bi (-bi) e:c; hair, long (/) street, B
-osaji,
imp
-yfi
conduct {an
2) legs, etc; 3) story, etc).

AJiHTejibHJbiH
[dl'îtîl^'niyj
-a,
-o,
orchestra). AHCK [dîsk, -zg] -a, -ob disk; discus; dial (o/ a telephone).
a sh
A^HTeJien,
u
pro*
lasting, enduring;
long,
longed,
AJiH|Thcsi
101
AHCM
Ao
[dPittsa]
-Jiacb,
imperf
npojperf
-TCH,
last,
-JiCH,
fluorescent lighting; 2. daily {quota, earnings, etc).

1
AJiHTbCH
[pFAdlîttsa]
[d^nôm] adt; by d^y,
continue {for some time).
AJ15I [dlâ; in the first pretonic position dPi^; in the second and other pretonic positions dl**i] prep with gen denoting 1. purpose, aim, or intention: npH66p -- H3Mepe-
in the day-time; in the afternoon; ceroAHH '- this after-
noon; BMepa yesterday afternoon; saBipa -- tomorrow afternoon. AHCM II [d^n'ôm] see ACHb. AHO [dno] n ^na 1. bottom
HHH TeMneparypbi instrument {of the sea, etc); nycKaxb ko temperature; AHy sink, send to the bottom; for' measuring Bbi M6>KeTe c;tejiaTb sto 2. {pi AOHbH, AOHbCB, AOHbHM) MeHH? can you do it for me?; bottom {of a container). OHa cêJiajia 9To ~ cbma she AHfl [d^nâ], AHCH [d^n^'ey]
did
it
for her son's sake;
npHiueJi
oh o6cy}KAeHHH sToro
see
AGHb.
[do;
AC
Bonp6ca he's come to discuss position dA; in the second this matter; hu;hk --- nHceM and other pretonic positions letter-box; 2. fitness or suita- da] prep with gen denoting 1. distance, bility: 3T0 Bpe^HO ~ SAOpOBbH extent, limit of this is bad for the health; time, etc: ox MocKBbi j\o JleTo He nojixoj^m ~ nero this HHHrpaAa mecxbcox nnxbAewon't do for him; 3. the fact cflx KHJiOMexpoB it is 650 km that certain conditions and from Moscow to Leningrad; circumstances are considered: Ao BnyKOBa A^CHXb khjiomcxoqeHb xojioAHO" OAeccbi it poB it is ten km to Vnukovo; is very cold for Odessa; to 51 6yAy H<AaTb ao hhxh qacoB THnHHHO ~ Hee this is typi- I'll be waiting till five cal of her; 9to HMeex 6oJib- (o'clock); H >KAaJi Bac c xpex moe 3HaMeHHe ~ nac it is of AO nnxH I waited for you from three to five; ox ccmh ao aggreat importance to us; <> He jiJia Hero... col it's no CHXH KHHF [KHJIOMeXpOB, AHefi u m. n.] from seven to ten use {doing smth). books [kilometres, days,e^c]; AHa [dna] see flHo. flHeBHHK [d'hî^vnîk, -^] m AO Baiuero BOSBpameHHH until -a, return; noesxc^ftxe ao -6b 1. diary; BecxH you keep a diary; 2. pupil's day- Kp^CHofi nji6maAH go as far -book, homework and marks as the Red Square; i66Ka ao KOJien a skirt reaching the book. AHeBH|6H [d^nî^vnoy] a 1. knees; a^xh ao mecxnaAuaxH day {attr); '-aH CMena day- jiex children under sixteen; -shift; ~6h cneKiaKJib mati- AO AecHXH KHJiorpaMM up to / nee; ~6h CBex daylight; no more than ten kg;A0K0H-
in the first pretonic
no
102
ua to the end; ao 66jih till imp -eHCH, -CHTecb achieve, one feels a pain; 2. precedence obtain, secure, score, get; in .time: ao peBOJiibuHH before imperf also strive for, seek. the revolution; 3a nojinacaAO Ao6Hp|aTbCfl [dab^'irattja] KOHuepxa half an hour before imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, aothe concert. flo... pref I of verbs denoting 1. completion of an action, achievement of a goal, result, etc: AoroBopHTb [dagavArît^j finish speaking; AoSejKaib [d9bî^zhaf*] run as far as, reach {runn/ngy, AosBOHHTbCH [dazvAnîttja] get a call through;
complete:
6|paTbcsi [dAbrattja] perf -epycb, -epeujbCH, p -paJicH, -paJiacb, -paJiocb (-pajiocb), -paJiHCb (-paJiHCb), imp -epncb, -epHxecb: ---aTbCH ao get to, reach, get as far as; ~aTbCH AO AOMy get / reach home.
replenishment till smth is AonoJiy^HTb [dapaluch^'it^] receive in addition,

2.
Ao6HTbCJ! see A66HBaTbCH. Ac6paTbCJi see Ao6HpaTbCH. Ao6pi6 I [dAbro] n -a 1.
good {opposite of
jiaTb
evil);
me-
â
KOMy-Ji.
wish
smb
receive the remaining {things, 3. negative result: oh serves AonpbiraJiCH! col it

etc);
him
it!;
right!,
now he has done
well; 2. property, goods; <> HCT xyAa 663 ~a prov every cloud has a silver lining.
^
^
Ao6p6
II
[dAbro]
adv:
of adjectives denoting precedence in time: AOpesojiK)UHOHHbiH [dar^'ival^'utjionniy]

II
noHâjioBaxb! welcome! AoSpoBOJilei^ [dabrAv6Pit,

-bu,a, -bucB volunteer. Ao6poB6jibH|biH [dabrAvoPniy] a sh f AoSpoBOJien, -a, -0, -bi voluntary. [dabrAdêAo6pOAeTeji|b f'll*'] / -H, -eft virtue {good-
-dz]
pre-revolutionary. Ao6aBHTb see Ao6aBJiHTb. [dabAvlêio6aBJieHH|e n'îya] n -h, -h addition (/) the act of; 2) the thing added); appendix, addendum.
Ao6aBJi|flTb
[dabAvl'ât^]
ness,
imperf -hio, -Heuib, Ao6aBiHTb [dAbavît^] perf -jik), -Huib, p -HJi, imp -b add {1) one thing to another; 2) say further).
moral excellence). Ao6pOAyuiHlbiH [dabrAdushnty] a sh f Ao6pOAymeH, -a, -0, -bi good-natured.
Ao6po}KejiaTejibH|biH [dabrazhi^latîl^niy] a sh f Ao6pojKejiareJieH,

-a,
-o, -bi
benev-
[dAbavach^nty] a additional, supplemenAo6aBOHHbiH

tary.
-aeuibCH, ao6|MTbcji [dAbîttsa] perf-bKich, -beUIbCH, p -HJICH, -HAacb,
kind, well-wishing;
olent,
well-disposed, oe OTHOiueHHe benevolence, goodwill.
Ao6HB|aTbCfl imperf -aiocb,
[dabîvattja]
Ao6poKaqecTBeHH|biH [dabrAkachîs^t^v^mnty] a sh f Ao6poKaHecTBeH, -a, -o, -bi of high /good quality.
-^ 103
worm
flOB
Ao6poc6BecTH|HH [d9brAs6vîsnly] a sh f ;i,o6poc6BeCTCH, -a, -o, -bi conscientious.

AoSpoTHlbiH
sh f Ao6p6TeH, -a, high / good quality
rable.
-a,
KOMy-Ji.
oneself into
smb's confidence. AOBCpHTb see AoeepHTb 1. [dAbrotniy] a AOBepHHB|biH [dAvêr^chî-o,

-bi
of
and
du-
viy] a sh f --, -a, -o, -bi trustful; credulous. AOBepjflTb [davî^rât^] im-
AoSpIbiH [dobriy] a sh /^, perf -HK), -Hemb, AOB^pJHTb -0, -bi (-bi) kind, good [dAVêrît^] perf -lo, -Hiub, p imp -b 1. entrust; 2. {people, etc); bie jiioah no- -HJi, MorJiH MHe some kind / nice {no perf) trust, place confidence {in). people helped me; AOBecTH see AoeoAHTb. <> 6yAb(Te) ~(bi) please, be so kind as to...; ecero -~-oroI AOBOA [dovat, -d] -a, -ob good-bye!; no oft eojie of argument, reason. one's own free will. AoBOA|HTb [davAdît^] imAo6biBiaTb[d9blvat^] imperf perf AOBOJKy, AOBOAHUIb, p -HJi, imp -H, AOBe|cTH [da-aio, -aeiub, Ao6|biTb [dAbft''] ^bjCgb^bq -yAeuib, p -biJi p^f.^ .^^^ -Aeuib, p perf -yAy, (A66biJi), -biJia, -bijio (A66biJio), AOBeJi, -Ji6, imp -ah 1. lead -h'lJiH (A66biJiH) imp -yAb 1. get, {smb as far as, to); see {smb procure; 2. obtain, mine, as far as,^ to); 2. bring {to
extract (mmera/s,
etc).
AodbiHJa [dAbkh^s] / -h extraction {of minerals, 1. etc); output {of minerals, etc); 2. booty, loot; plunder; spoils; catch {of fish); bag {of game); cTaTb efi... fall a prey to...
perfection, to an end, etc); reduce {to poverty, despair, etc); drive {to tears, despair, etc); <> HTb HTG-JI. AO CBeAeHHSI Koro-Ji. inform smb of smth,
let
smb know smth.

[davAzît^] im-
AOBlcsHTb
AOBCSTH see AoeosHTb. perf -OHCy, -OSHmb, p -03HJ1, AOBepeHHocT|b [dAvêr^m- imp -03H, aobcsIth [davî^s^nas^'t^, -z^d*"] / -h, -efi power tî] perf -y, -eiiib, p aobcs, of attorney; warrant {to get -Jia, imp -H take {as far as, to; in a vehicle); bring {as money, etc, for smb). AOBepHle [dAvêrîya] n -h far as, to; in a vehicle); carry confidence, faith, trust; a vote {as far as, to; in a vehicle). of confidence; nHTaxb --e k AOBOJibHo [dAvol'nal I adv KOMy-Ji. have confidence/ faith 1. rather, quite, fairly; 2. in smb; OKasbieaTb KOMy-ji. enough; ê give one's confidence to II impers predic: --! 1) that smb; nojibsoeaTbCH qbHM^Ji. will do!, it's enough!; 2) stop '-CM enjoy srab's confidence; it!; ^ cnopHTb! stop arguing! sacjiyscHsaTb ~h be trustAOBOJibHlbiJf [dAvol^niy] a worthy; BKpaCTbCH B 6 K sh f AOBOJieH, -a, -o, -m
Aor
104
AoroH|flTb [dagAnât^]
1.
content, satisfied; pleased;
im-
H oqeHb AOBOJieH I'm very I'm highly pleased; glad, 2. contented, satisfied {look,
etc).
-Heuib, AorJHaTb [dAgnat^] perf -ohk), -ohhiul, p -HaJi, -Hajia, -najio, -uaJiH,
perf
-HK),
imp -OHH
er,
1.
see AoraAaxbCJi AOâ;^b^ BaTbCH. florafllKa [dAgatlo] / -kh, -OK conjecture, guess; <> TepflTbCM B '-Kax be lost in conjectures.
run after;
overtake,
{no perf) be aft2. {no imperf) catch up (with)
{also fig); <> AorH^Tb H
nepernaTb over-
take and outstrip.
AOXAlb
-H,
floraAJiHB|biH
[dAgad^Piviy]
-en
Or sh f ~-, -a, -0, quick-bi witted; shrewd, quick, bright.
[dAgadtvafloraAbiB|aTbcji ttsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH,

AoraAlaxbcsi [dagAdattja] perf -aiocb, -aeuibCJi guess, conjecture; suspect, surmise.
raining, JiHBHOH pours.
[dosh^:, -zh**:] rain; hact it's rains; hact npoit
~b
it's
pouring;
it
AoiilTb [dAit^] imperf aok), AOHUib (-iiib), p -Ji, imp --, nojAOHTb [padAit^] perf milk
(a cow).
AorHaib
see
AoroHHTb
2.
AofixH see AOXOAHTb.
n -a, -- 1. proof, euibCH, floroBoplHTbcsi [daga- evidence; demonstration {of), VArîttja] perf -ibcb, -HuibCH, testimony {of); b --o in witp -HJICH, -HJiaCb, p -HCb, ness {of); npHBOAHTb a give
t^'il^stva]
AoroBdpHB|aTbCJi [dagAvarîvsttja] imperf -aiocb, -a-
AOKasdTejibCTBJo
[dakAza-
-HTecb 1. arrange {with smb about smth, for smth); 2. {no perf) negotiate {about)', 3.;
evidence / proof(s); 2. demonstration; <> BemecTBeHHbie 'â

rial evidence.
math
mate-
AoroBopHTbCH
fl,o
a6cypAa
reach the point of uttering AOKasarb see AOKaauBaTb. an absurdity, fall into absurd[dAkazivat^] A0Kd3biB|aTb ity; 4. {no imperf) come to imperf -aio, -aeiub, AOKajsaTb an agreement; AoroBOpHJiHCb? [dakAzat^] perf -Hcy, AOKaagreed? êiub, p -3aji, imp -thk prove, AoroBop [dagAvor] also -a, pi demonstrate; imperf
-OB treaty, pact; agreement, contract; o HenanaAeHHH non-aggression pact.

-hi,
argue {that...); <> HTO H Tp660BaJ10Cb AOKE3dTb which was to be proved.

-a, AOKJiaA [dAklat, -d] -OB 1. report, lecture; paper {on a scientific subject); otqeTHbiH (main) report {at a conference, congress); 2. report {to one's chief)]
AoroBopeHHocT|b
[dagavA-
rônnas^t'', -z^d^] / -h agree-
ment,
arrangement,
see
under-
standing. AorcBopHTbcsi
Aorosa-
pHsaTbca
1, 3, 4.

-0-
105 -^
flOJI
AOJiro [dolga] He exoAHTb no -6e3 â admittance without previous (for) a long time pondering, etc). announcement.
adv
long,
{of writing,
AOKjiaAHHK
-g]
-a,
[dAkiat^'chîk, -ob lecturen (main)
speaker.
AOKJiaAWBlaxb [dAkladtvat''] imperf -aio, -aeiub, A0Ji03K|HTb

[dalAzhlt^] perf -y, ;ioji6acHiub, p -HJi, imp -ri 1. report {on smih), make a re2. report port {on smth); {smb or smth to smb), inform
{of
smth);
3.
announce (sm6's
Aojiroxla [dalgAta] / -fai, pi AOJiroTbi, AOJiroT, AOJiroTaM geog longitude. [dolzhan] predic AOJiiKJeH. -Ha, -HO, -Hb'i 1. modal, expressing obligation, necessity must; should; ought {to); noe3A ~eH npH6biTb b nnrb the train is to arrive at five; noe3A -êH 6biJi npH6biTb b njiTb the train was to arrive at
five;
arrival, etc). -a, pi AOKTOp [doktsr] -a, -OB 1. doctor, physician; 2. doctor {a degree).
OH
en
leave, he
has
~eH
6biJi
yiiTH he must to leave; oh yiiTH he had to
AOKyM^HT
-OB AOJiSjiiTb
-a,
[dakum'ent, -d] document, paper.

[dAlb^'it^]
imperf
-JIK),
-HLUb,
-HJI,
imp
:H
hollow {a depression in smth); gouge, chisel.

AOJir [dolk, -g] -a (-y), pi -H, -OB 1. duty {to one's country, etc); 2. debt; 6paTb
B '-' borrow {money AaBaTb B -- lend {money,

,
etc);
etc);
<> Bjiesarb e -îi col run into debt; 6biTb e ~y nepCA KeM-ji. be in smb's debt; be indebted to smb; OTAarb nocjieAHHH the last pay
honours.
-oe, -He,
leave; 2. modal, expressing probability: rj\e HHHa? OHa ~Ha 6biTb B caAy. "Where's Nina?" "She must be in the garden"; 3. owe{s) {as a debt); oh MHe ~eH 6biJi ABa py6jiH he owed me two roubles; <> --HO 6biTb parent n proba>ly, apparently; oh, ho 6biTb, norepHJi cboh KapanAam probably, he's lost his pencil, he must have lost his pencil. AOJiJKHHK [dAlzhnîk, -g] -a, -6b debtor. A6jicH0CT|b [dolzhnas^t^, -z^d^] / -h, pi -H, -eft post, office, position, job.
AOJirJHH [dolgîy] sh f AOJior,

{time,
a
-a,
-an,
-o,
-H long
etc);
silence,
way,
to
Ha ^ne roAw for years come; <> OTKAaAblBaTbB ^HH aUl^HK
shelve {put off indefinitely); let matter) stand {a

over.
AojikhIwh [dolzhniy] I a due, proper; 66pa30M properly; na oft Bbicore up to the mark; II as a noun AOJUKHJoe n -oro: KaK oe as a matter of course; BosAaxb --oe koMy-Ji. do justice to smb, pay tribute to smb.
mm
IIOJI
106
n
-h,
-manager's office. AOHeCTM see AOHOCHTb. AOHeCTHCb see AOHOCHTbCH. with, away with. AOHoc [dAnos, -z] m -a, -ob flOJibuie [doPsht^] comp of information {against smb). AOJirHH & corresp adv. AOH ocHTb [danAsît^] imperf
.
1
AOjiMHJa [dAl^'ina] / -h, valley. AOJio)KHTb see AOKJiaAbmaxb. AOjioH [dAloy] adv down
vren**iya]
-h
house-
AOJIJH [d61^9] / -H, pi -H, -eH 1. share, part; 2.: -^h ceKyHAbi a fraction of a sec-
-ouiy,
-ocHiub,
-ocHJi,
imp
-Jia,
-ocH,
AOHec|TM
-y,
[danî^s^'t'î]
perf
-eiub,
1.
p aohcc,
B 3T0M eCTb --H HCTHHbi there is some truth in it. -a AOM [dom] (-y), pi -a, -OB 1. house (a building); 2, home, house {of a family); 3. house, home (a special establishment); OTAbixa rest-home; holiday centre; Kyjibiypbi palace / house of culture; col luna<> cyMacmeAuiHfl
ond;
imp
-H
report,
inform
{of smth); 2. inform {against smb). [danAs''ittj9] AOHOclHTbCJi imperf aohochtch, p -hjich,
-HJiacb,
-jiacb
AOHec|THCb
-excH,
[danî^s**-
f'is^] perf
p aohccch,
be
heard,
come
{of
tic
asylum; ACcxaBKa Ha aom

delivery,
home
delivery
to
sounds). AOHbjr [d6n^y9], AOHbCB [don^'yaf] see aho. Aonjiaxja [dAplata] / -u additional charge / payment.
smb's address; Ha ~y at home. AOMa [doma] adv at home; 0 6biTb KaK ~ feel at home; SyAbxe KaK ~ make yourself at home. [dAmashn^'iy] AOMauiH|HH a house (attr), home, domestic; ~ee X03HHCTB0 housekeeping; jiH xo3HHKa housewife; ~HH pa66THHua housemaid; ^HH nxHua poultry; no ~HM o6cTOHTejibCTBaM for domestic reasons, owing to
family affairs. AOM Ha [domna]
i
AonjiaxMxb seÂonJia^HBaxb. [dAplach^'iAonjiaHHB|axb vat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, ao[daplAtît^] njia|xHXb perf
p -xhji, imp pay the remainder, make up the differ-qy, AonjiaxHiub, -XH pay extra,
ence {in money). AonojiHeHH|e
-hm, -ch
blast-furnace.
{of
[dAmoy] adv home coming, going, etc); nopa it's time to go home. AOMoynpaejieHHle [damauprA-
AOMOH
[dapAlnênîya] n -h, -h 1. addition {the thing added); supplement, addendum; 2. ling object. [dapAlAonojiHuxejibH|biH nîtîPniy] a 1. additional, extra, supplementary; 2. ling: ~oe (npHAaxo^Hoe) npeAJiojKCHHe object clause. AonojiHHxb see AonoJiHHXb. [dapAlnât*"] AonojiH|xb imperf -hio, -Heuib, aohojiHJaxb [dApolnît^l perf -w,

-Hiiib,
107
no
floc
on the way {to); d.] no ~e we [they, etc] are going the same way; Aaxb ycrynHTb ~y let (smb) pass; make [dAprashi- way {for) {also fig); cxaxb / flonpaiiiHB|aTb vat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, ao- cxoHXb nonepeK ~h KOMy-ji. [daprAS^'it^] per/ stand / be smb's way; nplocHTb in -omy, -ocHuib, p -ochji, /mp MAxii cBoeH ~0H go one's own way; xyAa CMy h --a -ocH interrogate. Aonpoc [dApros, -z] m -a, col it serves him right, he p -HJi, imp -H supplement, add to; <> ^flTb Apyr Apyra supplement each other, be mutually complementary.
<>
1)
~e
2):
HaM [hm u m.
-OB interrogation.
AonpocHTb see AonpauiHeaTL. AonycK|aTb [dapuskat^] imperf -aK), -aeujb, Aon|ycTHTb [dapus^'t^'it^] perf -ymy, -ycTHUib, p -ycTHJi, imp -ycTH aib Koro-Ji. 1. admit (/o); K 3K3aMeHaM enter smb for permit, examinations; 2. tolerate; 3. assume allow, {that smb is right, etc); oh He aex raKoft mucjih he
thinks it impossible; <> ---aTb 0iUH6KH make mistakes,
got his deserts. AOporo [doraga] adv

{of
1.
selling,
etc);
2.
dear fig
dearly, dear;/~ MHe 'AocxajiCH MOH onbix I've paid dear for my experience, my experience has been dearly bought; H 6bi ~ }\aji j aanJiaxHJi, qx66bi... I'd give
my
ears to...
AOporcH [dArogay] adv on the way. AOporloH [darAgoy] a -an,

-6e,
-He,
sh
2.
commit
HTO...
errors; Aonyclet's
Aoporo, AopoPH
costly;
etc).
1.
THM,
that...
assume dear;
Aopor, -a expensive, dear {friend^
Aoporja [dAFoga] / -h, ~ 1. AopoKe [dArdzht^] compof way {to a place); rpyn- AOporoH & corresp adv. AOpoiKlfixb [darAzhlf*] imTOBan a earth / dirt road; npoceJioqnaH ~a country perf -y, -Huib, p -HJI, imp -H road; ne cxoHCie) Ha ~e get 1. value, appreciate, treasure; out of the way; 2. journey, 2. take care {of). AopOKHbiH [dArozhniy] a trip; oxnpaBHTbCH b ~y start on a journey / trip, go on a road {attr)\ travelling (dress, journey / trip, take the road; expenses, etc). Mbi np66biJiH B -ê Asa ahh AocaAJa [dAsada] / -bi: Kathe trip took us two days; KaH -â! what a nuisance!; B y, Ha ~y for a journey/ what a pity! B -ê on a journey/ trip; AocaAHo [dAsadna] impers trip; HanHcaTb (nHCbMo) c ~h predic: -~, mxo... it's a pity write a letter while on a that...; cMy ~ he is vexed journey / trip; {to hear that, etc).
road;
floc
[dAsadniy]
-a,
-o,
-bi:
108
is
AOcaAH|uH
sh f AocaAeH,
3a onosAaHwe he [she, etc]

late,
~oe
and
it;
he'll
[she'll, etc] [she'll,

etc]
HeAopaayMeHHe
regrettable
catch
he'll
/
misunderstanding; an oneqaTKa unfortunate misprint. AocK|a [dAska] / -h, ace flOCKy, pi AOCKH, AOCOK, -aM board [l) used in building,
etc; 2) for
be punished being late.
scolded
for
AocxaBHXb
see
AOCxaBJiHTb.
ironing
rpH4)eJibHaH
AocxaxOHHO [dAstatach^na] noHera honour roll; board I adv enough, sufficiently; of honour; ox ~h ao ~h II impers predic it is enough; from cover to cover; suffice, be enough; ~ AByx col cxaBHTb Ha OAHy AOCKy put pyfijieft two roubles is enough; sxoro ~ that will do. on the same level. [dAslovniy] a AocjioBHbiH AOCxaxoHH|biH [dAstat9ch^word for word, literal. niyl a sh f Aocxaxoên, -a, [dAsroch^niy] -o, -bi sufficient {enough). AocpoHHbiA Aocx^xb see AocxaBaxb. a ahead of time / schedule AocxaxbCH see AocxaBaxbCH. (output, fulfilment, etc). AocxHrlaxb [das^tîgat^l im,Accra learb [dsstAvat^] imperf -K), -eiiib, p -eaji, imp perf -aio, -aeuib, AOCXH|rHyxb -Bafi, AOCTaJTb [dAstat^l perf [dAs^tîgnut^] & AocxHiHb[dA-Hy, -Heuib, p -ji, imp -Hb s^tîch^] perf -Tuy, -rnemb, take out, get out; take, p -r, -rjia, imp -fhh 1. reach 1. get {out of, from); 2. get {the summit of a mountain,
writing on); jieHHH notice-board; <> KJiaccHafl ~a black-board;
~^ ~a
on, etc); slate (for aJih oe-bHB-
[dastAvPat^l imperf -hk), -neuib, AocxaBJHxb [dAstavîf*] perf -jik),

AOcxaB.ji|flxb
-Huib, p -nji, imp erer parcel, etc);
-b
2.
1.
deliv-
give {smb
pleasure, trouble, etc).
~a
{tickets,
etc);
3.
reach {the
etc);
2.
reach,
achieve,
ajt-
ceiling, etc).
tain.
AocTa|BaTbCJi [dastAvattsa] imperf -ctch, p -eajicH, -eajiacb, AocTalTbCfl [dAstattja] perf -HexcH, p -jich, -Jiacb 1. fall to smb's lot; sxo Aocxa-
AocxHKeHHie
nîya]
[das^tîzhe-
n -h, -h 1. reaching; achievement, attainment; 2. achievement, progress. AocxHMb see AocxHraxb.
Jiocb
eMy
[eft
u m.
eta]
d.]
this
it
AOcxoBepH|MH
nly] a
-o,
fell to his
[her,
etc]
lot;
was he [slie, it; it was he

received
[she, etc]
who won who
-w
[dastAv^'ersh f AocxoBepeH, -a, reliable {information^
source, etc).
CMy
he'll
[eft
impers col: 2. it; u m. d.] Aocxanexcn [she'll, etc] catch it;
AOCxohhcxbIo [dAstoinstva]
n
2.
-a,
merit, quality; 1. dignity {of mind or char-
CMy
[efl
u m.
d.\
AocTaneTCH
acter);
qyscxBO
c66cTBeHHoro
â
3.
<0>
109
Jipa
self-respect; proper pride;
value
{of
bank-notes and
-a, AoxoA [dAkhot, -d] -OB income, revenue, profit.
coins);
AoxoA|HTb [dakhAdît^] imestimate perf Aoxo^y, AOXOAHUib, p -Hji, imp -H, AOHTH [dAytM] at {smb's, its) true worth. AOCTOMHlbifi [dAstoyniy] a perf AOHAy, AOHAeuib, p ao-
oueHHTb no
~y
sh
jiocTOHH;
{of),
-a,
-o,
-bi
1.
meji,
AomJia,
imp aohah
{to);
1.
worthy
'-biH
deserving; 6biTfa -^biM be worthy {of), deserve;
reach,
come
Jiyûiero npHMeneRHH worthy of a better cause;
merited, deserved; fitting, adequate; 3.; --bm qeJioBCK

2.
He AoiUJia wire did not reach me; xeJierpaMMa He Aoui-â the wire was lost; xeJierpaMMa Aouijia the wire was received; ne
^
Ma
xeJierpaMao MeHH the
worthy man
person. ;tocTonpHMeHaTejibH o c t
/
^9L... just before

|
you reach...;
{to);
2.
reach,
amount
3.:
[dsstaprîmî^ch^tîPnas't^,
-z^d^] / interest, sight
-eft
place
AOHTH AO cJiea end of AOHTH AO 6euieHCTBa

a rage;
<>
in tears; fly into
flocTonHHJe [dastAyan'iya] n -H property {of the masses, etc); BceHap6AHoe ~e national property. fl6cTyn [dostup, -b] m -a access {to the archives, etc). AOCTynH|biJi [dAstupniy] a sh f ;iocTyneH, -a, -o, -u 1. accessible, available; attainable, within (the) reach; 2. simple, easy to understand; 3. moderate, reasonable {price). Aocyr [dAsuk, -g] m -a leisure, spare time;
pyKH He
for
it.
Aox6;iJiT col
= no
time
AoxoahIwh
sh /AoxoAeH,
[dAkhodnty] a -a, -o, -u prof-
itable, paying.
-a^ Aou^HT [dAtsent, -d] -OB lecturer lat a universi-
ty, etc).
<
AOHJb [doch^, -]^] f gen, dat & pr AOMepH, ace -b, instr AOHepbK), pi AoêpH, -epefi, -epHM, -epefi, -epbMH (-epHmh), (o) -epnx daughter. Aouieji [dAshol], Aomjia|dAshla]
Ha
~e
at (one's) leisure,
1.:
fill,
of
aohth;
see
aoxo-
in one*s spare time.
AHTb.
na-
Aocbira [ddsita] ac?:; ecTbCH eat one's
be
satisfied; 2. fig col to one's heart's content.
[dAtragîAOTparHB|aTbCfl vattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, [dAtronuttss] AOTpoHlyrbCfl

-eiubCH, p -yjiCH, -bca, -biecb touch {with a finger , etc).
perf
-ycb,
-yjiacb,
imp
AOK) [dAyu] see AOHTb. AOflp|Ka [dAyarka] / -kh, -OK dairymaid, milkmaid. Aparou^HHOcT b [dragAtsennas^t^, -z^d^] / -h, -efl jewel; treasure; -^h jewelry. AparoueHHluH [dragAtênniy] a sh f Aparouenen, -a, -0, -h\ precious {stone^ etc, also
|
Apa
Apa3H|HTb
-K)^
110
perf
[drAz^'nît*'] imApasHimib, p -hji, imp -H tease {smb with jests);

--
small
excite (a rfo^, e/c). h, flpaKJa [draka] / fight, fighting; scuffle. ApaMJa [drama] f -u,
shot; 2. (p/ -h, -efl) fraction; AecHXHMHaH ~b decimal fraction; npoCTaH ~b vulgar fraction; npasHJibHaji ~b proper frac-
math
tion.
drama.
ch**isk'*iy]
tremble, shiver, shake, quiver; quaver; --aTb or CTpaxa [xojiOAa u m. n.] tremble atist. with fear [cold, etc]; âxb ApaJTbCM [drattja] imperf BceM TeJioM shake / tremble flepycb, AepeiubCH, p -jich, all over; 2. fig tremble {for (-JlOCb), -JlOCb -JIHCb smb, smth). -JiaCb imp AepHCb, AepH(-JiHCb), AP6)k|h [drozh^'ii] pi -eft
ApaMaTHHecK|Mft [dramAf*!a -an, -oe, -He dramatic. ApaMaxypr [dramAturk, -g) -a, -OB playwright, dram-
ApoBJa [drAva] pi ^, -m (fire)wood. Apo)K|aTb [drAzhat^] imperf

-y, -Huib,
-aJi,
imp
-h
1.
Tecb, nOjflpaTbcsi [pAdrattsa] {with), beat fight 1. perf knock {smb) about; \smb), struggle {with); 2. {no perf) fight (/or), struggle {for). ApeBHJHft [dr^'evn^'iy] a sh f ApeseH, -H, -e, -h 1. ancient; antique; 2. very old;
yeast.
Apowlb [drosh,
-zh]
-h
trembling, shiver(ing), shaking, quivering; tremor; quaver; thrill {vibration).
<
Apyr I [druk, -g] m -a, pi Apysefl, ApysbHM Apy3bH, friend; dear friend; 6jih3khh
bosom-friend. Apyr II [druk, -g]: ^ ~a each other, one another; 3a ~0M one after another;
~He
sisbiKH
classical
languages.
-JiK),
~ ~
close friend;
aaKaAbmnwH
ApeM|aTb [drî^mat^] imperf ApeMJieuib, p -aji doze; nod {when sleepy). npoTHB a face to face; ApeccHp|oBaTb [dr''is'*irAvat^] imperf -yio, -yeuib, p against each other; ~ c -ôm -OB^Ji, imp -yfi, BMApeccHplo- with each other. earb [vldr'îs^'iravat'*] Apyrjofl [drugoy] I a -an, perf
-yio, -yeuib,
-osaji,
imp
-yft
-6e,
-He
train {animals).
another;
other, the other, different; kt6-to /
KT6-HH6yAb ~6h somebody na oHAenb (the) next pa3;Apo6MTb [razdrAb^'it'^] perf day; b -oe speMH some other Crush {into fine pieces); time; b 1. ~6h paa another splinter; 2. fig divide up, time, some other time; e split up. '-OM MecTe somewhere else, Apo61b [drop^ -b**] / -h 1. j in / at some other place;
Apo6|HTb
(drAb^'it^'j
imperf
-H,
-JIIO,
~-HUIb,
-HJI,
f>ip
else;
II
Ill
flyp
another person; 2. a P y rJH e pi -Hx others, other people; the others, the rest; <> 3T0 ~6e ACJio it's different, that's another matter; c -~6h cTOpoHM on the other
else,
as a -oro
noun
1.
Apyrjoft
somebody
Ay6jiMp|oBaTbfdubPir8vat*'] imperf -yio, -yeiiib, p -oeaji, imp -yii 1. duplicate; double

(a par^); 2.
I
dub
(a ///m).
Ayr a (dugaj /-h, p/ Ayrn, ~ AyraM arc {of a circle, etc). Aj/H [duy] see AyTb.
,
Ayficji
[duysâ],
-z^] see
hand;
else.
hhkto
~6h
nobody
/
-bi
[duyt'îs^,
Ayji
Ayfixecb AyTbca.
[dul], Ayjia
[dub]
see
ApyjK6|a
friendship;
[druzhba]
/
AyTb.
Ayji|o [dub] n -a, zle {of a gun).
Ayjicfl
HepymHMaH~a
breakable
uninviolable friend-
muz-
ship; <> He B cjiy)K6y, a b -~y as a favour, for friendship's sake. [druzhiÂpy)KejiK)6Hlbifi l^'ubniy] a sh f APyê;iK)6eH, -a, -0, -fai friendly, amicable. ApywecKlHH [druzhask'îy] a -an, -oe, -He friendly {service, etc)\ ~HH mapn^ friendly
jest
[duls'â],
Ay>'iacb
zj see AyTbCH. [dubs' AyMJaTb [dumat^j imperf -aK), -aeuib, nolAyMaTb [pAdumat^j perf 1. think (o/,
about, over)', think {that...), believe {that...); 2. {no perf) intend, doing think {of smth); axb o ce6e be <> MHoro conceited, think no small beer of oneself; He AOJiro ~aji v/ithout a moment's thought. Aynji|6 [duplo] n -a, pi AynAa, AyneJi, AynJiaM hollow
{in
[druzhaflpyMcecTeeHH'ibiH s^t'^v^'mniy] ash /Apy^KecxBeH, -a, -o, -bi friendly, amicable.

r^pyac'iHTb [druzlut^]
-y,
imperf
-Huib (Apyn^Huib), p -hji, imp -H be friends {with), be on friendly terms {with). Apy%H|biH [druzhnty] a sh
f
tree,
tooth, etc).
-g]
AypaK
<>
[durak,
-a,
Apy>KeH,
2.
-a,
-0,
-bi
(-bi)
1.
-OB fool, idiot;
close-knit,
etc);
united
a
{family,
HaSHTWH
^
a
col
co/
perfect
unanimous;
~bie
of
fool;BajiHTb
fool;
play the
anji
-^HCMCHTbi
burst
applause;
bift
CMex a burst
fool/dupe
of laughter.
ApMHHOH [drî^nnoy] a col bad, rotten, wretched, worthless, good-for-nothing. ApflxjilbiH [drâkhlty] a sh f
'-, -a, -o,
-bi
B ax col b ocTaxbCJi ~ax col be fooled / duped. AVpHo [durna] I adv badly,
ocTaoHTb smb;
ill;
decrepit.
ny6 [dup,
-6e oak-
-b]
-a,
pi -h,
impers predic: mhc [eMy w m. ^.] ~ I feel [he, etc, feels] bad / faint. AypHJoH [durnoy] a sh f AypeH. -a, Aypno.AypHbi (-bi)
11
.
pyr
1.
112
{opposite of good); [dukhAta] / -bi flyxorla MeJiOBeK wicked man; closeness, stuffiness; oppress~bie MbicJiH evil tlioughts; ive heat. '-an cJiaea ill fame, notoAyui [dush, -zh] -a showriety; 2.: /typeH co66h ugly er(-bath). [dush^] / -H, ace flyuil^ {of a person's looks). Ayib [dutÎ imperf flyio, Aymy, pi flyuiH, ^, ^ymaM fl,yeiiib, p Ay-^, Ay-â, irnp 1. soul; 2.: Ha Ayuiy nacejieAyH, noUyTb [pAdut^] perf HHH per capita, per head; blow (a^ or into smth)\ (sAecb) <C> no -~6 to {smb's) liking; draught OT (Bcefl) --H with all one's AyeT there is a heart; b ~6 at heart; roBohere. jiyxbcfl [dut^sa] imperf pHTb [Hrp^TbJ c ~6h speak Ayiocb, AyeiubCH, p Aync5i, [play / act] with feeling; no dM frankly, candidly; bcch AVâcb, /mp AyHCH, AyHiecb, HajAyxbCH [nAdutts9] perf col ~6ft OTAaTbCH HeMy-ji. go heart and soul into smth; be sulky {with stub). -a 1. KpHBHTb 6fi play the hypflyx [dukh, -gh] philos spirit; insincere; 2. courage, ocrite; be act one's spirit; npHcyicTBHe a pres- against conscience; ence of mind; 3. spirit {of cKOJibKo ~e yr6AHo to one's the times, etc); 4.: y Hero -~ heart's content; y nero saxBaTHJio it took his breath yuiJid b n^TKH he has his away; heart in his boots, his heart at full speed; failed him. <^ BO eecb OAHHM CM at one go; ne [dushtstiy] a flyuiHcxIbift B ~e in a bad mood; nacxb sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi fragrant, ÔM lose one's courage; be sweet-scented. despondent; jiyiii|HTb [dushlt^] imperf HcnycTHTb breathe one's last; hh cjiy- -y, AyuiHuib, p -HJi, imp -h, xy HH ~y o... col nothing is saiAyuiHTb [zadushlt^] perf heard of ...; ht6-to b 3tom 1. suffocate, stifle; strangle, e something of the kind. choke; 2. choke, suffocate AyxJH [dukh'i] pi -6b per- {of coughing, etc; also fig); fume, scent. 3. fig stifle, suppress. flyxoBeHCTB|o [dukhAvênstflymlHTbCH [dushlttja] imV9] n -a clergy. perf -ycb, p^yuiuuibca, p -hjiflyxoBHbift [dukhdvnly] a CH, -HJiacb, imp -ikb, -uiecb, 1. spiritual; 2. spiritual, ec[nadushfttja] HaUyuiHTbcM clesiastical. perf use scent; scent oneself, AyxoBloH [dukhAVoy] perfume oneself. a: OH opKecip brass band; impers [dushna] flyuiHO
bad
^6h
~a
HHCTpyMCHTbi struments,
bie
wind-in-
predic:
sjxech
oneHb
it's
very
close /stuffy in here; b
KOMHaxe
113
-a,
-o,
-bi
em
full
it's
close /stuffy
--,
of holes
in the room; suffocating.
eMy
he
is
having
AyuiHJbiH [dushniy] a sh f -bi ;^ymeH, -a, -o, stuffy,

close.
hole/ holes. [dikhan^'iya] n AbixaHMJe -H breathing, breath, respiraa
tion; <> saraHB
-~e
with
bated
AyK)[duyu], Ayeuib [duyash, -zh] see AYTb. Aywcb [duyus^, -z^], ^yeuibCJi [duyashsâf see AyTbCH. -a (-y), pi flbiM [dim] m -OB smoke {from a burn-bi, ing substance). AWMOxoA [dimAkhot, -d] m
-a
breath. Abiiu|dTb
-y
,
[dish^t^]
imperf
AbiiiiHiiib,
-an,
imp
-h
-OB flue {for smoke).

Abffllfl
[dfnâ]
/
-H,
-b
melon, musk melon.

Abipja [dira]
{in
-u,
hole
of cloth, in the roof, etc; also fig). AbipflB|biH [dir^'avtyj a sh f
a piece
breathe; THêJio ~aTb pant; <>,ejie dxb be at one's last gasp. Aib>KHH|a [dûzhtna] / -bi, ~- dozen; <> HepTOBa ~-a baker's dozen. [dûna] -bi, AK)H|a f dune, down. -h, -efl AA|H [dâd^9] uncle {a relative).
flflTJeji
[d'âtîl]
-Jia,
-jioB
woodpecker.
eepejii [yi^vr'êy]
-h,
-eB
eâ
Jew. eBpeHCK|HH [yi^vrêyskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Jewish.

eBpone|eu, [yivrApêyatj, dz] -Hua, -HueB European. eBpon6HCK|HH fyivrAp^^yskîy] a -an, -oe, -He European.
meal
ing a meal. CABa [yi^dva] I adv ly, with difficulty;

ly,
e;^bi food; [yi^da] / {food or an act of tak3a food); caoh during
1.
2.
hardhardbare-
scarcely;
3.
just,
ly;
II KaK... scarcely/ cf: ^..., hardly... when..., no sooner... than...;
erHnexcKlHH [yi^gîpîtjkîy] a -an, -oe' -He Egyptian.
<>
erHnrflHJHH
[yigîptânîn]
ful
jiH hardly, whether...;
it's
doubt-
m
OH
II
-HHa, pi -e,
^
gen
Egyptian.
~ ~
jiH
nearly; He almost, nearly.

[yi^d'îm],
see
He
ero
[yi^'vo]
&
ace
to
of
CA^M
[yi^d^'itî]
cahtc
&
oho; see oh; pron poss corresp

his;
its.
ecxb
I.
oh
&
OHO
eAHHHi^ja fyidînîtja] / -bi, 1. one; math unity; 2. unit
feAM
114
(standard quantity or amount); black mark, "poor", "one"; 4. individual; tojibko ~bi,..
3.
tme... first element of compounds denoting 'every' ejKe[yizhi^godna] roAHo every

year, annually. e)Ker6;iHbiH [yizht^godnty]
only a few... [yid''in''ich''cAHHHHHlbiH niyl a sh f eAHHriqen, -a, -o, -bT 1. single, only one; 2. isolated, rare. e;iHHorjiacHO
a annual, yearly. ejKeAHeBHbiH [yizhf^d^n'êvnty] a daily; everyday {com-
[yidînAglas-
mon, usual).
[yizhi^mêCMieMecsiHHbiH s^'ach^niy] a monthly. ejKeneAejibHbift [yizhanî^dêl^'niy] a weekly. ejKHTbcvi [ydzhtttja] imperf e>Kycb, e>KHmbCH, p cjkhjich, e>KHJiacb huddle oneself up {with cold, etc). e3A|a [yi^zda] / -b'l driving, b'l riding; b Asyx qacax OT... two-hour journey from... eaAl.HTb [yez'^d'ît''] imperf h e3>Ky, -Huib, p -HJi, imp drive, ride {in [cf exaxb 1] a car, etc); go {by train, sea, etc); travel, journey. CH [yey] dat & instr of OHa; see oh.
nal adv unanimously {with the support of all). eAHHOAyu]H|biH [yidînAdushnty] a sh f eAHHOAymeH,
-a, -0,
-bi
unanimous {having
the agreement of all). [yi^dîn''e;iHHCTBeHHlbiH s^t*'v**mniyl a sh f eAHHCiBeH, -a, -0, -bi only, sole; OAHH-eAHHCTBeHHbiH Only one; ~biH B CBoeM pojie unique; <> -~oe HHCjio ling singular
(number).
-a
eAHHCTB|o [yi^dînstval n unity {harmony, agreement;
solidarity)
e;iHHlbiH [yi*-'dînty] a sh f -a, -0, -bi 1. indivisible; single, united {front, etc); common; -oe ueJioe a single
~,
eH-66ry [yi^ybogu]
really!,
I
int
col
really
ejia
and
truly!;
see
whole;
all.
2.:
single; Bce
hh '-oro not a ao ~oro one and
swear!
eji
[yel],
I.
[yeb]
1.
ecTb
cflKlHft [yetkîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f CAOK, -a, -o, -h 1. caustic {also fig); 2. acrid, pungent {also fig).
eJie [yel^'i]
adv
with
difficulty;
2.
hardly, hardly,
dif-
scarcely;
O
1.
6jie-6Jie
hardly, with
JKHBoft
/
[yedu], CAeuib [yed'îsh, -zh] see exaxb. ee [yi^yo] I gen & ace of OH a; see oh; II pron poss corresp to oHa her; hers; its. e}K [yosh, -zh] e>Ka, eHceft hedgehog {an animal).
ejyy
ficulty;
ejiKJa
more dead
-h,
than alive.
[yolka]
e.noK
fir-tree;
HOBoroAHHH
2.
~a
New
fir-
New
Year's tree; Year's party.

ejib
[yel**] / eJiH,
ejieii
-tree.
CM [yem], euib [yesh,

see ecTb
I
115
eii;e
-zh]
mhh
--
HayKa
2.
chemistry
is
eMKOCTJb [ydmlos''t^,
/ -H, -eft capacity {of tainer, etc).
-z^d'']
a science; are; h3
con-
of
there is, there 3Toro noJioJKeuHn BbixoA there is a way out this situation;
eMy [yi^mu] dat of oh & oho; see oh. epyHfl|a [yirunda] / -bi col nonsense, rot, rubbish; 1. 2. trifle, nothing; very easy thing, child's play. ecjiH [yes^'lî] cj if (/) on the condition or supposition that', 2) even though; grant6bi ing that; 3) whenever); {with hypothetical condiif 6bi He but for; tions); HATH TyAa, to tojibko ceftqac if we [you] are to go
II impers 1.: y mghh [y Hero u m. d.] 3Ta KHHra I have [he, etc, has] this book;
3Ta KHHPa
--
they
have
this
book
6H6jIHOTeKe at the
library. e(})peHTop
-a,
[yi^frêytar]
m
US
-OB
lance-corporal;
private 1st class.
exarb [yekhat*'] imperf eAy, p exetJi a concrete move-, ment in a definite direction
eAeuib,
1. drive, ride {in [cf e3AHTb] a car, etc); go {by train, sea, etc); 2. go, leave {for) {in a vehicle) H eAyaaBipa I'm leaving tomorrow. exHAH|biH [yi^khîdniy] a sh f exHACH, -a, -o, -bi malicious, spiteful; caustic, ven-
there,
we {you] must do
--
it
noexaib k neiviy to m6>kho aacTaxb ceflqac, ero if you [we, I] go to his
now;
place
find
now you [we, him at home.

see
I
I]
will
1.
ecT [yest, -zd]
ecTb
omous.
ecT^CTBeHH biH v^mniy] a sh
eiu,e [yi^sh'':6] adv 1. some more; ~ pas once more; ^ TpH AHH three more days; -a, -o, -bi natural {1) science, ~ OAHH one more, another; state, etc; 2) death, etc; 3) gesture, etc); bie fioraTCTsa another one; hto ^? what else?; MT6-HH6yAb somenatural resources / wealth. ecTecTB03HdHHie [yis^'tîst- thing else; -- h -~ again and n -a natural again; more and more; VAznan^'iya]
[yi^s^tês'^t''f
ecTecTBen,
science; natural history. ecTb I [yes^t^] imperf cm, euib, ecT, eAHM, eAHTe caht, p eJi, eJia, imp euib, cbiecib [s^yes^t*"] perf 1. Q2i\{l)chew and swallow; 2) take food); {no perf) make smart {of 2.
smoke, ecTb
6biTb
I
etc).
II
1.
[yes'^t^] pres of as a link-verb: xh-
cTOJibKo >Ke as much again; as many again; 2. {with comp) still, even; 3. still {up to the present time or time in question); yet {with negations); hqt not yet; Bce still {up to the present time or time in question); noKa so far, for the present; mh -^ ycnecM we've got enough time,
eio
116 -^
we
still have time; there's no hurry (about it); 4. as far back as, only {yesterday,
<>
so!,
~
eio
6bil col
should
instr
think
ona;
you
bet!
of
[yeyu]
etc);
see OH.
>K
}K
\
see
II
see
me I. me II.
3Ka6|a [zhaba] / -u, toad. pi }Ka6p|bi [zhabril ^, -au {sing iKa6p|a / -u) gills
{of fish, etc).
wretched, poor, shabby; HMeTb HH bh;i cut a poor figure; 3. miserable {coward, etc). }KajiKO [zhalka] impers pre-
aBopoH|oK
-g]
[zhavarsnak,
-kob (sky)lark. -Ka, >KaAH|biH [zhadniyl a sh f
die =:7KaJlh. [zhala] n )Kajilo sting (of a bee, etc). )Kajio6|a [zhalaba] /
-a,
-bi,
complaint.
TKP.jxeH, -a, -0, -bi (-bi)
greedy;
/
covetous {avaricious). [zhazhda] msi7Kjx\a.
-u
thirst {also fig); HcnbiTbiBaxb be thirsty; yroJiHib
~y
[zhabbniy] a >Kajio6H|biM sh f >Kajio6eH, -a, -o, -bi sorrowful, mournful; sad, plaintive, doleful; ~aji KHHra complaints <>
book.
>KajiOBaHb|e [zhabvan^ya] n
-H salary.
quench one's thirst; ~-a anaHHH thirst for knowledge.

waji I [zhall, wajia [zhala] see JKaxb I. mdJi II [zhal], JKBJia [zhala]
see
wa^njOBaTbCji
[zhabvattja]
âib
II.
JKajijCTb [zhiî'êt^] imperf -eeiiib, noj^KajieTb [pazhi'-'Pet^] perf 1. feel sorry

-eio,
-yeuibCH, p -OBajiCH, -OBaJiacb, imp -yftno|>KajiOBaTbC{i -yHxecb, CH, [pAzhabvattja] per/ complain,
imperf
-yKXih,
make
complaints; OBaxbCH
pity; 2. be sorry {that), regret {that); 3. spare (effor,
forts,
etc).
etc);
grudge
[zhal**it^]
(wS
y,
B cyA go to law. wajiocTib [zhabs^t^, -z^'d^j / -H pity {for smb, etc); hch feel obixbisaxb qyBCXBo
>Kaji|HTb
-K),
imperf
-Huib,
-HJi,
imp
-b,
pity. Majib
ic
ylJKajiHTb
sting {of
[uzhalît^] perf bees, etc); bite {of
snakes). >KajiK|HH [zhalk'îy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f H<ajioK, -a, -o. -H 1, pitiful, pitiable; 2.
[zhaP] impers predMHe ~ xe6H [ero u m. d.] I feel sorry for you [him, etc]; ^ ero! poor beg1.:
gar!, he is
much
a
to
ed!; 2.
it is
a pity;
be pitixepHxb
BpewH
it's
pity
/shame
117
)Ke
to waste tirrie; 3.: eMy [eft perf coH^Hy, coJKHeuib, p -Ji, u m. d.] ^ AeHer he [she, -jia, imp co>KHH reap, cut. [zhgî] see menb. etc] grudges the money; eiviy mrjia. [zhgla] see me^b. [efl u m. 5.] 3T0 naJibTo jKry [zhgu] see meHh. he [she, etc] spares this coat; mjidTb [zhdat^] imperf mjiy, 4.: --, mo... f^cjiH...] it is JKAeuib, p TKjxaji, yKjiajia, mjxka pity that... [if...].
mm
)Kap
[zhar]
2.
-a
1.
heat
Jio,
7Kji,aJiii,
imp ÂH
await;
1.
wait,
temperature, fever; y pe6eHKa ^ the child has a high tempera(warmth);
high
wait keep
{look
for;
'
aacTasHTb
Koro-Ji.
make smb wait; smb waiting; 2. expect

forward to); He time )KfleT ~ He jxomjiaTbcn impatiently; xoro h
ture; 3. fig heat, ardour; sarpe<> HyjKHMH pyKaMH 6aTb make a cat's-paw of
<> Bp^MH presses;
other people. wapji [zhAra] / -bi heat {warmth); cTOHjia CHJibHan '-a there was a great heat, the days were very hot. jKdpeHbifl [zharîniy] a fried; roast(ed) {meat, etc). jKapJHTb [zharît^] imperf
-Hiub, Hji, -K), imp -b, p aajiKjlpHTb [zAzharît^] perf, HSJHiapHTb [izh:arît^] per} fry; roast {meat, etc).
wait
7Km
point
at
any moment; on the

[zha],
of...
I
me
[zh,
sh]
cj
denoting 1. contrast: Tbi ocxaeaficH, H me yfi^y you stay here and I'll leave; ecjiH >Ke Tbi He ocTaneuibCH... but if you're not going to stay...; H >K He BoapajKaK) but I have
jKapKiMH [zharkîy] a -an, -He, sh f sâpoK. -a, -o -H 1. hot {day, weather, etc); tropical {countries, etc); 2. fig hot; heated. jKapKJoe [zhArkoya] n -oro
-oe,
no objections; 2. addition: Korjia OH npHiiieJi, npHuieji >Ke OH paHO, Mbi HaMajiH 3ahe came early, study.
HHMaTbCH when he came, and we began to
me
part
II
[zha],
1.
[zh,
sh]
denoting
intensificajxauib
roast (meat). jKaxBJa [zhatva] / -bi, reaping; harvest. [zhat^] jKaxb I imperf jKMy, H^Meuib, p H<aji, :aâjia, imp >KMH 1. press, saueeze;
tion: KOFAa 7K Tbi KHHry? when will
mhc
all?,
you give
me
the
book,
after
squeeze out {juice, etc); 2. pinch, hurt {of foot-wear); be too tight {of clothes). jKarb II [zhat^] imperf
>KHy,
whenever will you give me the book?; hah ê cKOpee be quick; roBOpHTe >Ke will you speak, after all?; h. cAeJiaio
it
9T0 ceftqac me right now, I'll do
I'll
it
do
now
imp
jKHeuib, p jKaJi, xcajia, JKHH, [zh:at^j ciKaJTb
without fail; nosBOHHie eMy, OH me AOKTOp ring him up, he is a doctor, isn't he?^
wee
118
(railway) track; nojioTHo permanent US right of way {for
ring him up, after all he is doctor; 2. sameness: stot >Ke, TOT >Ke, TaKOH me the same; TaM me, sAecb >Ke at the same place, in the same place; TaK >Ke in the same way; b to me BpeMH, Torâ me at the same time; Tyâ >Ke to the same place. êeaxb [zht^vat^] imperf myio, H<yemb, p jKeeaji, imp jKyii chew {with the teeth); ruminate (of animals). mer [zhok, -g] see me^h. )KejiaHH|e [zhi'^lan^'iya] n
a
-H,
~biH
nyTb
~oe
way;
railroad tracks); -uh yaeji (railway) junction. e.ie3H|biH [zht^l'êznty] a iron {also fig); asi Aopora railway; <> 6^5 railroad; no --oh Aopore by
train,
)Kejie3|o
[zhiÎ'êza]
-a
-H
1.
wish,
desire;
npH
matter how much I want to; no ero [ee u m. d.] ~-K) in accordance with his fher, etc] desire; at his [her, etc] request; no --kd by request; 2. lust {a sensual
BceM
'-H
no
iron {a 'metal). HtejiesoCeroH [zhi^Pezabîton] -a ferro-concrete, reinfprced concrete. mejio6 [zholap, -b] -a,' pi meJio6a, mejio66B gutter,
trough.
jKejiTJoK [zhi^ltok, -Ka, -KbB yolk.
3KejiT|biH
-g]
[zholtiy]
-o
~,
jKejiTa,
(jKeJiTo),
a sh f -u
desire).
(jKejiTfai)
yellow
{colour).
xejijaTb
-aio,
[zhi^lat^l
imperf
-aeiiib,
zht^lat^] perf
desire;
nolwejiaTb [pa1. wish, want, aTb, qT66bi kto-ji.
jKejiyAloK [zhi'^ludak, -g]m -Ka, -KOB stomach; necBape-
HHe --Ka indigestion.

[zhi^ludachâ stomachic; gastric. ejiyA|b [zholut*', -d**]
jKejiyAOHHbiH
-H,
CAeJiaji qTO-Ji.
wish
2.
want smb nty]

{smb
to
do smth;
wish
smth);
luck!;
âio cqacTbn! good -H, pi ~aK) yâqH / ycnexa! acorn.
jKejiyêH, HceJiyflHM
good luck!;
<> ocTaejiHeT arb Jiymuero leaves much to be desired.
}Kejie3|a
[zhaPi^za] /
-bi,
ejmH|biH [zholch^'niy] a sh f s<eJiMeH, -a, -o, -u 1. bilious {pertaining to bile); ~biH nySbipb gall-bladder;
2.
pi meJieshi, meJiea,
-m
anat
gland; noj^meJiyAOHuaa â pancreas. wejiesHOAopojKHHK [zhal^'iz-ob nadArozhnîk, -g] -a,
fig bitter, bilious; ~biH HeJiOBeK acrimonious man.

)KejiH|b [zholch'',
-j^]
/ -H
-g] m.
gall, bile {also fig).
iKCMHyr [zhemchûk,
-a,
railwayman.
}Kejie3HOjiop6)KHlbiH
[zha-
TiznadArozhniy]
iattr);
railway
{attr)\
pi -a, -OB pearl(s) {gems). >KeMHy}KHH|a [zht^mch^'uzhina] / -bi, pearl (/) a
US
railroad
gem; 2) the finest
example).
119
)KeH|a
5KeHbi,
[zhi^na]
-bi,
pi
êH, jKCHaM married woman).
wife {a
imp -yfl, noijKepTBOBaTb [pAzhertyvat^] perf 1, sacrifice, offer (up), give (up); 2. make
a donation
of,
~,
>KeHaT|biH [zhi^natty] a sh [no /, n), -bi married

/
endow.
{of
a man). >KeHH b6|a [zhi^nîd^ba] marriage. -bi, ~
HcecT [zhest, -zd] -OB gesture {also fig).
-a,
ecTK|HH [zhoskîy] a
-an,
weK HTbCM
[zht^'nîtts9] perf
-oe, -He, sh f hccctok, jKecTKa, -o, -H 1. hard, stiff;
oe
&
imperf -ibcb, JKeHHUibCH, p -HJicH, imp -HCb, -Hxecb marry, get married {of a man). iKCHMx [zht'^nîkh, -gh] m -a, -6b bridegroom; fiance; OHH H HCBecTa they are engaged. [zhenskîy] a jkchckIhh -aa, -oe, -He 1. female; wom-
MHco tough meat; ~oe Kpecjio

unupholstered
BOJiocbi
id,
chair;
hair;
2.
~He
coarse
tough {policy,
etc); 3.
fig fig rig-
strict {terms, etc).

[zht^^stok^'iy]
wecTOKJHH
-an,
-a,
-oe,
-o,
2.
fig
sh f jKecxoK, -H 1. cruel; brutal; severe {frost, pain,

-He,
an's, women's; {school, etc)',
ladies'; girls'
etc);
savage
{resistance,
etc);
womanlike;
2.
hard
ling feminine. ^teHCTBCHHbiH [zhenstv^mniy] a feminine, womanlike.
brutal {fighting, etc); {exploitation, etc). jKecTOKocTlb [zhi^stokas^t**, -z^d^] / -H, -efi cruelty; brutality.
weHmHHJa [zhen''sh*':in9] / ~ 1. woman; 2. married woman.

-bi,
Hcecrlb
[zhes't^,
-z^d^]
d^] / -h, pi pole, perch. mepeSeHJOK [zharî^b^'dnak, -Ka, pi >Kepe6HTa, ;Ke-cj]

jKepji'ib [zhert'',
-efi
-H tin(-plate). jKeHb [zhech'']
imperf jKry,
jkhccm,
jKPJia,
-w,
JKJKemb, <}KeT,
re,
mmeimp
mryj, p mer,
pe6HT foal. wepTBJa [zhertva] / -bi, -victim {to a sacrifice; 1. npHHocHTb ~y deity, etc);
make a sacrifice, offer a sacrifice {to smb); npHHOCHTb HTO-ji. B sacrifice smth. make a sacrifice of smth; 2. victim {of an accident, etc); ciaTb ~0H qero-Ji. [kopo-ji.] fall a prey to smth [smb], fall a victim to smth [smb].
~y
c>Ke4b [zhrech^j perf cojKry, cojKmeuib, p cJKer, coTKFjia, imp cojKFH 1. burn (coa/, etc); perf also burn up; 2. {no perf) burn, be very hot WHBH [zhtv'i] see >KHTb. )KHB|6ft [zhJvoy] a sh f -^y -a, 1, alive, 5KHB0, JKHBbi living; 2. lively, vivid; 3. lively, animated, brisk; ~6h oTKJiHK ready response; -~6e
JKFH,
>KepTB|oBaTb [zhertyvat^] imperf -yio, -yeiub, p -OBaJi,
live work; ~6e yqacTHe active part; <> bie uBCTbi natural (low'^ ers; H SAOpoB $afe and
Aejio
JKHB
120
--b Sber
kjiio-
ocTaibCJi b ~bix survive, escape with one's life; saflCTb sa -~6e sting to tlie quick; Ha yio HMTKy col anyhow, hastily.
sound;
to the death;
HOM
see
life
iKHJi
in full swing. [zhil], mnjia. [zhila]

is
mmb.
[zhfb] sinew;
/ -bi, 2. vein
)KHji|a
1,
[zhiVApîsMHBOnHCHJblft niy] a sh f H^HBonHcen, -a, -o, -bi picturesque.
tendon,
{a
blood vessel); 3. lode.

HiHJier
mining
-d]
vein;^
HBonHc|b [zhivapîs^.
/ -H
1.
-z^]
[zhiPet,
m
-dz]
-a,
painting {an
art);
2.
-OB waistcoat, vest.

iKHJijeu [zhilêt, -bua, -buoB lodger,
paintings, pictures. iKHBOT [zhivot, -d] -OB stomach, belly.
-a,
[zhWat)khbothob6actb|o HAVotstva] n -a animal" husbandry, cattle-breeding. wHBOTHloe [zhivotnays] n -oro, -faix animal. )KHBy [zhivu], }KHBeuib [zWv'osh, -zh] see mmh. HAKJHH [zhltkîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f jkhôk, -a, -o,
air, etc); 1. liquid {soap, thin, weak, watery {milk, coffee, porridge, etc); 3. thin, scanty, thinning {hair, etc).
tenant. iKHjiHm|e [zhiPish'ia] n -a, dwelling.

-ok
}KHji|Ka [zhflka] / -kh,
vein {J) a small blood vessel; 2) a particular character or

tendency).
mHJijOH [zhiloyj a inhabited; habitable,

fit
to live in;
~6ft ;i,0M apartment house, block of flats; ~6h KBapiaji

residential quarter. [zhilplojKHJinjiomaKJb shîat^, -d^] / -H (= jKHJiaH dwelling space; njiomajlb) floorspace; dwelling, flat. mHJible [zhil^yo] n -h dwelling; lodging(s); habitation. map [zhir] -a (-y), pi -hi, -6b fat, grease, oil; pbi6hh cod- liver oil. MpH|biM [zhi'rniy] a sh f >KHpeH, -a, -0, -bi 1. fat {covered with or having much greasy fat); rich {food); 2. {covered with grease); 3.: biH uipHcJ)! bold type.
-H
2.
wHAKocTlb
-z^'d^] / -H,
-efl
[zh+tkas^t'',
liquid (a subof >kha-
stance).
)KH>Ke [zhfzht^] comp KHH & corresp adv.
iKH3HeHHlbiH [zhiz^n^mniy] sh f >KH3HeH, -a, -o, -bi 1.: ~biH onbiT life experience;
of life; bifl
{of
nyxb ~bie chjim vitality; ~biH ypOBeHb standlife
knowledge
a person);
life; 2. ard of fig vital, fundamental, of vital impor-
>KHTeji|b
-eft
[zhftîl^]
-fl,
tance. >KH3H|b [zhiz'^n^] /

life;
-11,
-eft
inhabitant, resident; ropOACKoft --b townsman; cejib-
3apa6aTbiBaTb na ~b make one's living; <^ He Ha ^b, a Ha cMepTb
CKHH
er;
~b
countryman, villag-~b
KopeHHoft a town, etc).
native {ol

)KHTejibCTB|o
121
{lik2
sa
-a:
mccto
~a
[zhltîl^stva] (place of)
perf -y, -Hmb, p
wyHOKJdTb [zhuzh^raf] im-aji, imp -li

jKyfi
residence, domicile.
hum
>KHJIO,
HTb
HJiH,
2.:
[zhit'']
imperf >KHBy,
live;
a bee); buzz, drone. [zhuy] see êsaTb.
5KHBeiIIb,
p JKHJl, HCHJia, imp >KHBH 1.

}KHBeT
OH
is
work
meat
him; 3.: mm ApyJKHO we are
paSoTOH his and drink to hhm jkhbcm c
HcyK [zhuk -g] -a, -6b beetle {an insect). [zhuPnîjKyjibHHHlaib chât^] imperf -aw, -aeuib col swindle, cheat.
)KypaBJi|b
-eft
oil friendly terms, my relations with him are friendly. JKMH [zhmî] see >KaTb I. )KMy [zhmu], jKMeiub [zhmôsh, -zh] see Hcaxb I. HH [zhnî] see >KaTb II. jKHy [zhnu], >KHemb [zhnôsh, -zh] see JKaxb II.
[zhuravP]
m
-a,
2.
-h,
crane (a 6/rd).
xtypHaji [zhurnal]
1,
magazine, journal;
-ob reg-
jKOHFJiep [zhAngPor] -OB juggler.
m
m
-a,
diary, journal. [zhurnAlîst, jKypHajiHCT -zd] -OB news-man, -a, journalist. 3KyTK|HH [zhutkîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f :yTOK, -a, -o,
ister,
-H terrible,
-h,
uncanny,
sinister.
wpe6H|H [zhrêbîy]
lots;
2.
jKyK)
[zhuyu],
jKyeiiib
[zhu-
-eB 1.: Spocaxb --ft cast/throw
yosh, -zh] see JKCBaib.

ry
>KK)pM [zhur'î] {a committee
THHVTb ~ft
fate,
draw
is
lots;
lot;
n
of
indecl ju-
fig
destiny
examin-
<>
~H
6p6iiieH thedie
cast.
ers).
3a [za; in the first pretonic position za; in the second and other pretonic positions za; in a stressed position za]
1.
to smth for the sake of some action; the state of being engaged in some action:
close
prep
with instr denoting
position, location behind, beyond, or across smth: 3a AsepbK) behind the door; 3a AepeBOM behind a tree; 3a to66h
behind
you;
that
/
3a
toh ropKofl
3a
peKofi
beyond
across yrjioM
hill;
beyond the river; 3a round the corner; 3a

2.
66pTOM overboard;
position
at the table; at 3a cTOjioM table; CHêib 3a khhfoh be reading a book, read a book; be at one's books; 3a pa66Toft at work; 3a maxMaxaMH npoBOAHTb BpeMH at chess; 3a meHHeM spend one's time sesuccession, 3. reading; quence, pursuit, etc: nepBbiM hhm BbicTynnJi OeTpoB, 3a CasoHOB the first speaker was
122
Petrov, then
Pfinb 3a
spoke Sazonov;
after
AHCM day
kcm-ji.
day;
after
6e>KaTb 3a
run
sa
smb;
CJiejioBaTb
kcm-ji.
[saêM-ji.] follow
smb [smth];
6opb6a 3a Mnp struggle for smth [smb]; nocJiaib sa peace; rojiocoBaxb 3a mto-.i. AOKTopoM send for the doctor; vote for / in favour of smth; some OH npHuieji 3a khhfoh he came 4. the exceeding of to take /get the book; hohth quantity, limit, etc: euy aa 3a xjie6oM go to buy some HHTbAecHT he is over past
fetch
/
oxoTHTbCH 3a MCM-ji. 1) hunt smth; 2) fig hunt after/ for smth; 4. purposp or aim: cxoAHTb 3a MCM-Jl. [3a KeM-Jl.]
action; the beginning of some activity: cecTb 3a ctoji sit down at a table; cecTb 3a KHHpy start reading a book; start working at a book; BSHTbCH 3a padoxy 1) undertake to do a job; 2) set about some work; 3. purpose or aim:
bread; go {to the kitchen, etc) to fetch some bread; 5. direction of
an
action:
npHCMai-
take care of..., look after...; keep one's eye on...; cjieAHTb / Ha6jiioAaTb 3a
3a...
pHBaTb
qeM-ji.
[3a
kcm-ji.]
watch
smth [smb]; cjieAHTb 3a mhCTOTOH

CJieAHTb
see that it is clean; no3a / Ha6;iK)AaTb keep order; yxa>KH-
3a nojiACHb afternoon; nojiHOMb past midnight; aa 5. distance from: sa jxecHib khjiOMCTpoBOT... ten kilometres away from..., at a distance of ten kilometres from,..; 6. time separating one action, event, etc, from another: aa
fifty;
ABa AHH AO SToro two

before this;
action: have a
7.
days
duration of an
pHAKOM
BaTb 3a KCM-ji. 1) nurse smb, tend smb; 2) pay court to
OTAOXHyxh aa oxnycK good rest during one's

m6>kho
CAejiaTb
holiday; 3To
smb; 6. cause or reason: 3a 3a ABa Maca this can be done HeHMeHHCM for want of; 3a in /within two hours; aa noHeAOCTaTKOM for want of; 3a cjieAHHe ipH roAa for the last
OTcyTCTBHeM in
of;
II
the
absence
three
years;
aa
nocjicAHee
the object
for
want
of;
BpeMH
of late; 8.
with ace denoting: 1. move- of a feeling, emotion, etc: ment farther than or to the ApoHcaib 3a Koro-Ji. tremble back of smth: bmhth 3a Asepb for smb; paAOBaxbCH aa koleave the room [house, etc]; ro-Ji. be glad for smb; 9. a nocxaBHTb 3a 6y4)eT put be- taking, grasping, etc, movehind the sideboard; yexaTb ment; a touching or holdsa peKy go beyond the river; ing contact: B3HTb kofo-ji. aa saBepHyib 3^ yroji turn a uJie^d take smb by the shoulBb'iKHHyTb 3^ 6opT der; Koro-ji. Aep>KaTb corner; aa, throw overboard {also fig) 2. pyKy hold smb by the hand
;
movement to the close vicinity arm; ymHOHyTh Koro-Ji. aa of smth for the sake of some pyKy pinch smb's hand / arm;
123
3a6
flepjKaibCH 3a mo-ji. hold on to smth; 10. cause or reason: HarpaAHTb Koro-ji. sa mto-ji.
AOM ride behind
smth; reward naKasaxb Koro-Ji. sa HTo-ji. punish smb for smth; sa mto? for what?; why?; 11. exchange, compensation, payment, etc: oiAaxb
decorate
for
smb
smb
for
smth;
[nojiyHHTb] MTO-Ji. sa mo-ji. [receive / take] smth for smth; KynHib sa nnib py6jieH buy for five roubles; sa nojiueHbi at half-price; 12. substitution, performance of smb else's functions: h CAejiaio 3T0 sa Te6H I'll do it instead of /for you; 13. equation of
give
a house; saHiH sa yroji turn a corner; saroHHTb [zagAnât^j drive in {cattle; a nail, etc), 5. an action done in passing: saflxH sa KCM-Ji. call for smb {to take him away)', 1 1 of nouns & adjectives denoting position, location behind^ beyond, or across smth: sape^be [zArêch^ya] part of a town, etc, on the other side of the
river; wrist;
sanncxbe [zApâs^t^ya] saropoAHbiH [zagaradniy] out-of-town {attr), country {attr). 3a6aBji|aTbCH [zabAvPattja] imperf -HKXib, -HeiubCH amuse oneself; make merry.
smb's activity, work, etc, with the usual quota: pa66TaTb sa TpoHX work enough for three, do the work of three; III as an adv predic: h uejinKOM sa 3T0 I 'm all for it; h sa col I don't mind, I agree, I'm for it;
3a6aBH|biH [zAbavnty] ashf sa6aBeH, -a, -o, -bi amusing; funny. saCacTloBaxb [zabastAvat^] perf -yio, -yemb, p -oeaji, imp -VH go on strike, down tools,
come
out.
<> sa ropofl to the country, out of town; sa ropo;ioM in the country, out of town; sa
3a5acT6B|Ka [zabAstofka] / work-KH, strike {of -OK

ers).
py6e(6M
lands).
3a...
abroad
J
{in
foreign
3a6HB|axb
[zabîvat^j
im-
pref
of verbs denot-
-aio, -aeiub, 3a6|HTb perf [zAbîf^] perf -bib, -beuib, p

-Hji,
ing
beginning of an action: saneTb [zApêt^j begin to sing; 2. completion of an

t.
imp
-eft
1.
drive
in
etc,
{nails, etc)', drive {nails,
action: sanbijiHibCH
ttja]
[zap Uî3.
up
become dusty;
an
in-
tensive and vigorous action; an action overdone: saKopMHTb
nail nail down; ball into 3. sport drive {the the goal)', score (a goal); 4. {no imperf) gush {of oil).
into
{a
smth)', 2. stop up,
window,
etc)',
[zakArmît^j overfeed; sapaCoxaTbCH [zarAbotattja] over-
3a6HHTOBaxb see 6HHX0Baxb. 3a6HTb see 3a6HBaxb.

3a6jiaroBpeMeHHo
[zablagA-
work oneself; an action is

or beyond
the fact that directed behind

4.
vrêm^mna] adv
in
smth:
saexaib
sa
advance;
good time, ahead of time.

in
3a6
124
BonpocaMH
3a6ji|y;i,HTbC5i [zabludîttsa] perf -yH<ycb, -y;iHiiibCH, p -y;iHjiCH, -yAHJiacb, imp -yAHCb, -yflHiecb .lose one's way,- get
lost.
KaMHHMH stone smb; 3a6pocaTb ueexaMH pelt smb with

flowers; 3a6pocaTb
[zabluzhdaimperf -anxF, -aeiufcCH be mistaken, err. 3a6jiyfleHH|e [zabluzhd'ên**iy9] 11 -H, -H error, mistake,
3a6jiy7Kji\aTbca
ttja]
ply with questions. 3a6pacbiB|aTb II [zAbrasiV9t^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, sa6p6c|HTb [zAbrosît^] perf 3a6p6uiy, -Huib, p -hji, imp
-b 1. throw / hurl / cast far away; cyAt.6a 3a6p6cHJia er6 B 9T0T ropoA fate has brought
delusion. 3a6ojieBaHH|e
n^'iya]
[zabaPi^va-
him
to this town;
2.
neglect,
disease. [zabalî^vat^] 3a6ojieB|aTb imperf -k\o, -aeuib, 3a6ojie|Tb

-h,
-h
abandon; give up, drop. 3a6pocaTb see 3a6pacbiBaib

I.
[zabAlêt^] perf
-j\,
-lo
-emb,
imp
-H
fall ill.
I
3a6p6cHTb Baxb II.

-aio,
see
3a6pacbi-
3a6ojieTb 3a6ojie|Tb
perf
see
II
sadojieeaTb.
[zabAêt^]
3a6biB|aTb[zabivat^] imperf -aemb, 3a6|biTb [zAbtt^]

y^y,
1.
imp -ft -K), -eiiib, p -ji, begin to hurt, begin to ache. 3a66p [zAbor] m -a, -ob
perf
{to
-yAeiiib,
-biJi,
imp -yAb
do
(MHe)...
to...; 2.
I
forget;
ne.
smth);
neglect 3a6biTb 6bi
fence (a barrier). 1. 3a66T|a [zAbota] / -bi, concern {for), care {for, of); 6biTb 0Kpy>KeHHbiM ~oS be
must
remember
given every support encourconanxiety, agement; 2. cern; ~bi no xosHHCTsy housekeeping duties. [zAbotîttâ] 3a66jTHTbc imperf -Mycb, -THmbCH, p -thji/
leave behind, leave. 3a6bIBHHB|bIH [zAbifchîviy] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi forgetful {easily forgetting);
absent-minded.
saSbiTb see 3a6biBaTb. 3aBdpHB|aTb [zAvarîvat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, 3aBap|iiTb [zavAr'ît^] perf -ib,3aBapHiiib,
-TbCH, imp -THJiaCb, CH, -Tbiecb, noi3a66THTbCJi [pazAbof'ittja] perf 1. take care {of), show concern {for), look {after); 2. trouble {about). 3a66TjiHB|biH [zAbotl'îviy] a sh f --, -a, -0, -bi solicitous considerate, thoughtful. 3a6pacbiB|aTb I [zAbrasivat''] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, 3a6poc|aTb [zabrAsaf"] perf -aio,
-aeuib:
p
<>
HJi,
imp
-H
make,
col
brew
stir
{tea, etc);
saBapHTb Kdmy
trouble,
a mess.
up
start
trouble,
make
3aBe;ieHH|e [zavî^d^'en^lya] -H institution, estabn a, yqe6Hoe lishment; Bbicmee ~e higher educational institution. ' 3aBeA|oBaTb [zAvêdovat*"]
saSpocaxb
Koro-Ji.
imperf -yp, -yeuib, p
-oBaji,
imp
-yH
125
3aBHB|aTbC5I
-aiocb,
sas
be in charge of, be at the head of. [zAvêduyusaBCflyiomlMH sh^:iy] m -ero, -hx manager, chief, head. saeesTH see aasosHTb. saBepSoB^Tb see Bep6oBaTb. saBepHTb see BasepflTb. saBepHyxb see saBepTbiBaib. [zAvôrtisaBepTbiBJaxb V9t^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, saBepnlyTb [z9vî^rnut^] perf
manage,
[z9vîvatts9] -aeiubcn, saB|HTbCfl [ZAV^lttj9] perf -bVJCh, -bembCH, p-HjicH, -HJiacb, -h-
imperf
Jiocb,
-HJiHCb,
1.
imp
-eficH,
curl /frizzle one's hair; have one's hair curled/

-eiiTecb
frizzled; hair)
2.
curl,
wave
/
{of
3aBHB|Ka [ZAVîfk9]
-OK
1.
-KH,
curling, frizzling {the
act of); 2.
wave
{hair-do).
p -yji, imp -h 1. wrap up, wrap; 2. screw up (a nut, etc); âxb Kpan turn
-y,
-eiub,
SaEHAlOBaXb
imperf
-yio,
[ZAVîd9V9t^]
-yeuib,
-OBaji,
roll up, tuck 3. turn (to the left, etc); saBepnyTb aa yroJi turn a corn-
off a
tap;
up;
er.
4.
noisacHAOBaTb [p9ZAVîd9V9t^] perf envy, be envious of; (h) ne ~yio efl [cMy u m. d.] I wouldn't be
-yfl,
imp
3aBepui|aTb
[zavî^rshat^]
-êuib,
in her [his, etc] place. 3aBHc|eTb [zAvîsît^]
imperf
-Huib,
-^lo,
saBcpperf -y,
perf saBHuiy, -Hiub,
uj|HTb [zavî^rshit^]
pend
by);
{he caused or
imdecontrolled
-eJi
-HJi,
imp
-H
complete,
cêJiaio
I'll
Bce,
hto
ot
conclude.
MeHH ~HT
do
all in
my
saBCpl^Tb [zavî^rât^] imperf -HK), -Heiub, saBeplHTb [zAvêrît^] perf -lo, -uuih, p
-HJI,
2.
imp -b 1. assure (smb); witness, certify. saBecHTfa see saBeiUHBaTb.

I
power. 3aBHCHM0CTlb [ZAV^lS^lm9s^t^, -z^d^] / -H dependence {on circumstances, etc); B ~H OT... depending <>
on..., subject to...
saBCCTH see saBOAHTb. saBeuiUB arb [zAvêsh ivat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, saBeclHXb saBemy, [zAVêsît^] perf -Huib, p -HJI, imp -b curtain
off,
SaBHCTJlHBlblH [ZAV^lS^Piviy] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi envious. 3aBHCT|b [zavîs^t^, -z^'d^]

/
-H
envy
{a feeling).
curtain;
veil,
cover
{a
portrait, etc).
3aBemaHH|e n'iys] n -h,

death);
[z9vî^sh^:a-h will {at
3aB6Tbcfl see saBHBaTbCH. 3aB6i^ I [zAv6t, -d] -a, -ob factory, mill, works; refinery; KHpnHHHbiH brick-field;
will
and
testament.
caxapHbiH
nocJie
[zavî^shîat^] perf & imperf -aio, -aeiub bequeath; devise, leave by will.
saBemiaxb
ujKOJibi
sugar refinery; oh nomeJi na
when he had finished school he became a (factory)

worker.
3aB
126
SEBOA II [zAVot, -d] m -a winding mechanism; 2. winding up {of a timepiece).

1.
saBOflJMrb [zavAdît^] imaaBOAHUib, p perf 3aB0}Ky,

-H.n,
imp
-H,
saBejcTH
[z9-
saBTpaK [zaftrak, -g] -a, -OB breakfast; lunch; luncheon. sasTpaKlaTb [zaftrakat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, noisaBTpaKaxb [pAzdftrakat^] perf have breakfast.
pg^^ .^^^ -Aeuib, p aaeeJi, -Jia, /mp -ah 1. bring, lead [smb somewhere); take, lead {smb somewhere) {both on foot, to the wrong place or very far); 2. acquire, buy; 3. establish, introduce {a rule, etc); 4. start (a business, conversation, etc); 5. wind up {a timepiece); start {an engine). saBocBarb see saBoeBbieaTb.
^bjegbj-bjj
3aBTpauiHHH [zaftrashnîy] a tomorrow's. 3aBsi3aTb see 3aBfl3biBaTb. 3aB^3|Ka [zAVâska] / -kh, -OK 1. string, lace; 2. beginning of the plot {of a novel,
etc).
3aB^3biBlaTb [zAv^'azlvat''] imperf -aio, -aeiub, 3aB$i;3aTb [zav^'i^zat^] perf -my, saBHjKeiub,
tie
-3aJi,
imp
->kh
1.
up;
tie
saBoeBUBJaTb
[zavAyovt-
V9t^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib saBojeBaTb [zavayi^vat^] perf

-K)io,
-ibeiiib,
J.
THHKH
-K)H
p conquer
-CBaji,
imp
string, etc); lace up one's shoes; 2. start {a conversation, etc); set up {an acquaintance, etc).
{smth with a knot; atb 6o-
etc); 2.
fig
win
country, {freedom, a
{a
3aBflHyTb see BHHyib. saraAJKa [zAgatka] /

-OK
1.
-kh,
victory, etc);
imperf also
try
riddle, puzzle; 2.
mys-
to win, struggle for.
tery,
enigma.
3aB03|HTb[z9VAz*'ft^] imperf -hji, 3aB0>Ky, 3aB63Hmb, p

-H, 3aBe3|TH [zavî^s^tî] perf -y, -eiub, p 3aBe3, -jia, imp -H 1. bring; take {both by vehicle, on one's way, very far, or to the wrong place); 2. supply, deliver; bring {sup-
saraAOHHlbifl [zAg^dach^niy] a sh f saraAoqen, -a,

-0,
-bi mysterious, enigmatic. sarap [zAgar] m -a sun-
imp
burn, tan.
3arjiaBHie
-H,
[zAglav'iya]
-H title, heading.
plies).
3aB0paHHB|aTb [zavArach^'iimperf -aio, -aeiiib=3aBepTbiBaTb. saBxpa [zaftra] adv tomorrow; ~yTpOM tomorrow morn~ HOMbK) tomorrow ing; night {after midnight); ao
vat**]
sarjiaAHTb see Baxb. 3arjid}KHB|aTb

vat*']
3arAa}KH-
[zAgl^zht-
-aeuib, sarjiaA|HTb [zAgladît''] perf 3a-aro,
imperf
rAa>Ky, -Hiub, 1. iron down,
till
tomorrow [also see <>]; <^ AO ^ see you tomorrow,
imp -b smooth down; 2. fig make amends for; expiate; 3arJiaAHTb BHHy redress one's wrong act, rep
-hji,
press;
deem one's
fault.

sarjiyuilaib
127
3afl
[zaglushat^]
-aeiiib,
imperf
lu'iHTb
-Hiufa,
-aio,
aarjiy-
vat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, saroTOBiHTb [zagAtovît*"] perf

-jiio,
[zaglushlt^]
perf
-y,
-Hiiib,
-HJI,
imp
-b
1.
p -HJi, imp -H 1. muffle, deaden {a sound); drown (a sound); 2. //g still, soothe (a pam, e^c); suppress {one's
feelings); 3. //^ choke, press, stifle (a protest,
4.
lay in,
2.
store
up,
stock
up;
supetc);
prepare {in good time). [zagAtofka] / 3aroT6BlKa -KH, -OK storage; rocyâpcTBeHHbie' ~KH state purchases
{of agricultural produce).
jam
{broadcasts).
3arpaHHHHbiH [zagrAnîch''nty] a foreign {goods, etc); foreign-made; nacnopx passport (/or going abroad).
3arrfl5r;HTb see rpHSHHTb. sarc [zaks, -gz] m -a, -ob peep {into); glance look in; glance {into), registry office, registrar's in, look {into); 2. col call, drop office. sajiaJBaTb [zadAvat^] imperf in {at a place, at smb's place); -K), -eiiib, p -Baji, imp -Baft, call {on smb); -aM, <> âib enepcA anticipate, saAJaTb [zAdat''] perf -acT, -aiiib, look forward. -aAHM, -a^HTe, aaroBop [zagavar] m -a, -aAyi, p saAaji, -ajia, aaâjio, -OB plot, conspiracy; 6biTb b saAaJiH, imp -aft: BaibypoK Ha AOM give / assign a homee plot {against). sarojiOBlcK [zagAlovak, -g] task / home-work; mo aaAaHO -Ka, -KOB headline; title, Ha ceroAHH? what is the heading. home-work for today?; aaâxb 3aropa}KHB{aTb [zagArazht- aara^Ky set a riddle; Bonpoc ask vat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, sa- <> aaâxb a ropofl|HTb [zagarAd'ît^] perf question; --BaTb toh set the 3aropo>Ky 3arop6;iHmb (-riuib), tone / fashion; a reoe aaâiwl p -HJi, imp -H 1. fence in; col I'll give you what-for!, enclose (a garden, etc); 2. you'll catch it! block up, bar {the entrance, aaflaHHJe [zAdanîya] n -h, stand {in smb's light); -H task, job; no - lo kofo-ji. etc);
1.
[zAglâdivat*'] imperf -aio, -aeuib, sarjiJiH|yTb [zaglî^nut^] per/ -y, aarJiHHeiub, p -yji, /mp -h
sarjiMflbiBJaTb
peep
in;
barricade.
on smb's instructions.
saAaTJoK
[zAdatak,
1.
aaropjaTb [zagArat^] imperf -aK), -aeiiib, aaropl^xb [zagAperf -ib, -Hiub, -H get sunburnt; also bask in the sun.
r''et^l
-g]
m
in-
-Ka, pi -KH, -KOB
advance,
{of),
-eji,
imp
imperf
deposit, earnest; 2. pi clinations {for), makings
saropojiHTb see saropajKHBaTb. 3aroTaBJiHB|aTb [zagAtavlî-
aaârb see saAasaTb. saAanja [zAdachâ] /

1.
-h,
problem
tion);
sum
{a difficult ques(a problem in
safl
128
arithmetic); task, 2. aim, object; oMepeAHan ~-a immediate task; nocxaBHTb nepeA KeM-Ji. set smb a task;
~y
H aims and purposes. saAeBJaTb [zadî^vat^] im-aio, -aeuib, perf saAJeTb

ueJiH H
perf -aio, -aeuib plan, conceive; 2. intend, have the intention (to do smth). saAyMbiBJaxbCJi [zAdumiva1.
[zAdumat^]
ttja]
imperf
-aiocb,
-aeiiib-
[zAdêt^] perf -eny, -eHeiiib, -en, imp -enb 1. touch, injure slightly (said of a mov-
CH, 3aAyM|axbcji [zAdumattsa] perf -aiocb, -aeuibCH fall to
ing object); come (against), brush (against); be caught

(in);
knock
(against); 2. fig
see
hurt, offend.
thinking, become thoughtful; thoughtful; be lost in thoughts; muse, ponder, meditate; o MeM xbi aaAyMaJiCH? what are you thinking of?; <> He ~ajicb without a mo-
be
saACpataTb Baxb.
3aAep}KH-
ment's hesitation. saAyuiHTb see AyuiHXb.

saAbixjaxbcsi
[zAdêrzhi3aAep)KHB|aTb V9t^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, 3aAep>K|aTb [zad^'i^rzhat^] perf

-y,
imperf
-aiocb,
[zadtkhattsg] -aeuibCH, 3a'
AOXHlyibca
-ycb,
-yjiacb,
[zsdAkhnuttja]
-euibCH,
3aAep>KHmb,
1.
-aJi,
imp perf
-yJiCH,
-H
delay, detain, keep off;
imp
-iicb,
-Hxecb
fig);
keep back, retard; BHXHe hamper the
axbpasdevelopdetain.
choke,
suffocate
(also
ment
(of);
2. arrest,
3aAeTb see 3aAeBaxb. saAHJHH [zad^nîy] a back,

hinder, rear; hind;
<> ~flji Mbicjib secret purpose, ulterior motive; noMeTHTb -^HM HHCjiOM antedate. 3aA6ji2KeHHOCT|b [zAdolzhannas^'t*', -z^d''] / -h, -efl debts, liabilities, arrears.
pant (breathe hard); gasp lor breath; --axbCH ox rneBa [ox CM^xa u m. n.] choke with anger [laughter, etc]. [zayi^zhîaf*] 3ae3Klaxb imperf -aio, -aeuib, saexjaxb
[zAyekhat^] perf 3aeAy, sacome (by eAeuib, p -aji 1. vehicle) and stay (with smb or at a place for a short time); call on the way (by vehicle, on smb or at a place); visit (smb or some place); 2. get
(somewhere, into), reach (some
place) (by vehicle, very far or the wrong place); 3. fetch (smb), call (for smb) (by vehicle, on one's way); 4. go; come (both round, from the left or the right, or from behind); 3aexaxb 3a yroJi turn
saAoxHyTbCJi see saAHxaxbCH.
saAyMaxb
see
saAyMbmaxb.
see
saAyMaxbCfl BaXbCH.
3aAyMbi-
3aAyMMHB|biH [zAdumchîviy] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi thoughtful, pensive; melancholy. saAyMbielaxb [zAdumivat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, saAyMJaxb
a corner (in a vehicle).

aaftMa, pi sacM [zAyom] saHMbi, saHMOB loan {of money).
129
saji
no small beer of oneself; put on airs, give oneself airs.

3aHK|axbC5i [zaikattsa] im-aiocb, -aeuibCH, perf saHKH|yxbCfl [zaiknuttsa] perf
-ycb, -embCH,
1.
aaexaxb
see
saesKaxb.
samapHTb see HâpHTb. saataxb see sajKHMaib. 3a%e4b see aajKHraxb. 3a}KHB|aTb [z9zhtv^t^] imperf -aex, sajKJ^Tb [zAzhtt^] perf -HBCT, p 3a>KHJi, -HJia, sayKHJio, saMCHJiH heal, close, be-
-yjicH, -yjiacb
come well
{of
wounds,
etc).
3aasHraji|Ka [zazhigalka] / -KH, -OK (cigarette-)lighter. sajKHrjaTb [z9zhtgat^] im3a3K|eHb -aeuib, perf -aio, [zAzhech^] perf -ry, -}Kemb,
-mo-T, -Hêxe, -rvT,
{mostly imperf) stutter; stammer, hesitate in speaking; 2. mention, touch {upon). sai^McxBJOBaxb [zAimstyvat^] imperf -yio, -yeuib, p -OBa Ji, imp -yft, nojsaHMCXBoBaxb [pazAimstyvat^] perf adopt, borrow.
3aHHxepec|oBaxb [zain^tîrîsAvat^]
-OBaji,
perf
-yio,
-yeiiib,
imp
-yft
cause to take
-er, -rjia,
imp
etc);
-FH light {a candle, a fire,
interest, interest; excite {smb's) curiosity; mchh -ÔBaJia
CBex
HiCHb
axb sJieKXpHHecTBO / turn on the light; sa-
axa
in
KHHra
took an in-
terest
that book.
cnH^Ky strike a match. 3aHM|axb [zazhimat^] im-
3aMHxepec|oBaxbcji [zain^tîrîsAva-ttja] perf -yiocb, -yeiiibCH, p -OBaJicH, -OBaJiacb, imp

-yflcH,
perf -aio, -aeuib, saacjaxb [zazhat^] perf -My, -Meiub, p -aji, imp -MH 1. clutch, squeeze; close sajKaxb B pyKe grip one's hand over; 2.: '-axb Koc hold one's nose; âxb yiuH stop up one's ears; 3.
ested
{in).
^
{in),
-yuxecb take
get
an
interinterest
fig suppress
{criticism,
{initiative,
etc);
keep
<>
down
etc);
3aaxb pox
KOMy-ji.
col
stop /shut smb's mouth. [ZAZhltsCh^3a3KHXOHH|bIH nly] a sh f sa^KHxoHeH, -a, -o, -bi well-to-do, prosperous. 3a%HXb see sajKHsaxb. sasHaJBaxbcsi [zaznAvattja]
saHCKHBJaxb [zAiskîvat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib: --axb nepe^ KCM-ji. fawn upon smb, curry favour with smb. 3aHMa [zayma], 3aHM0B [zaymaf, -v] see aaeu. saHMH I [zAymî] imp of saHHXb; see 3aHHMaxb I. 3aHMH II [zAymî] imp of 3aHHXb; see 3aHHMaxb II.
3aKMHCb
[zAym^'is^,
-z^],
imperf
C5I,
-locb,
-euibCH,
-Baji-
safiMHxecb [zAymîtîs^, -z^j imp of saH^xbCH; see saHH-
-BaJiacb,
imp
-BaftcH,
MaXbCH.
3aHMy I [zAymu], 3aJiMeuib 3a3H|axbC5i [zAznattsa] perf -aiocb, -aeuibcn col [zAymôsh, -zh] 1st & 2nd perbe too proud of oneself, think sons of 3aHflTb; see saHHMaxb I,
-Baftxecb,
saH
130
3aKJiaAbiB|axb [zAkladivat''] -aio, -aeuib, 3aji03K|Hxb aaJio[zalAzhit^] perf -y, jKHiub, p -HJI, imp -H 1. put, lay {mostly behind smth. or deep into smth); put in, push
[zAymu], safiMeuib -zh] 1st & 2 nd persons of saHHTb; see saHHMaxb II.
II
saHMy
[zAymôsh,
imperf
safiMycb
[zAymus'',
-z^j,
saMMeuibca [zAymôshsâ] 1st & 2nd persons of saHHTbcn; see aaHHMaxbCH. safiTH see aaxoAHXb.
saftua [zaytsa], safiueB [zaytsaf,
-v]
see aanu.
Sanaa [zAkas, -z] m -a, -ob order {made at a store, etc); Ha ~ (made) to order; (made) to measure; ctoji -~ob order counter; order department. sakasaib see aaKaabisaxb. saKasHHK [zAkash^:ik, -g] m -a, -OB customer, client. [zAkazivat^] saKasbiBlaxb imperf -aio, -aeiiib, saKaajaxb
[zakAzat^] perf 3aKa>Ky, 3aKajKeiub, p -aji, imp aaKajKH order {dinner, etc); saKasaxb 6HJiex book a ticket.
put {into), push {into); mislay, put {in the wrong place making it difficult to find); 3. place /put a (book-) mark at a page; mark (a page); 4. stop up, fill up {a void or an opening); 5. heap, pile {with smth); 6. lay the foundation of {a house, etc); lay the foundation-stone of; 7. pawn; mortgage; 8. impers col: ewiy [une u m. d.] sajio>kh;io hoc [vuih] his [my, etc] nose is [ears are] stuffed. 3aKjieHB|axb [zAkPeivat*"] imperf -aK), -aeuib, 3aKji6|HXfa [zAkPeit^] perf -lo, -Huib glue up; seal up {a window, envelope, etc).
in;
2.
saKajieHHbiH [zakAlônniy] f saKaJicH, saKaJiena, saKajiCHO, saKajieHb'i hardened
saKjiefiMHXb
see
KJieflMHXb.
a {pa\ sh
saKjnoHJaxb [zakl'ûchât^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, 3aKJiH)H|iiTb
{also fig);
tempered {steel). saKaHHHBiaxb [zAkan^chî-
[zaklûchît''] perf -y -Huib, -HJI, imp -H 1.: ~axb b
vat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, saKOHHJHXb [zAkon^chît''] perf

-y,
-Hiiib,
xiopbMy
-HJi,
imp
-H
fin-
ish,
end, complete; conclude

[zAkan''-
(a speech, etc).
imprison, put into prison; axb noA cxpan^y take into custody; 2. close (down), wind up {a speech, etc); 3. conclude, infer, gather;
4.
3aKaHHHB|axbC5i
conclude
{peace,
chîvattja] imperf -aexca, sa[zAkon^'chîtlsa] KOHwlHxbCH perf -HXCH, p -h;ich, -HJiacb come to an end, finish; end
{in,
treaty, etc); contract {a loan, etc); ~axb napH bet, make a
bet;
5.
{no
perf)
{meaning,
with).
1.
3aKax [zAkat, -d] m -a, -ob sunset; Ha -ê at sunset;
ce6e B words, etc).

ttja]
words, contain
etc);
contain axb {meaning,
3aKjiK)H|aTbCJi
2. fig decline.
[zakPuch^'aimperf -aexcfl consist (m),
131
-hk), -neuib,
saK
aeicn, b tom, hto... be; m,jio the thing /point is that... 3aK.iM)HeHM|e [zakl^'uchênîys] n -h, -h 1. imprisonment; confinement, detention, iiojKHSHeHHoe commitment; ~e life imprisonment; 2. conclusion {of a treaty, etc); 3. conclusion, inference; findings, resolution; e in conclusion. <> B 3aKJiK)HeHHlbiH [zakl^'u-
3aKpenji|HTb [zakrî^pPat^]
imperf
saKpenJHTb
[zakrî^pît''] perf -jik>, -riiiib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. fix, fasten,
secure; 2. consolidate {success, positions, etc).
3aKpbiB|aTb jzakrivat^] im-aK), -aemb, 3aKp|biTb perf [zAkrit^] perf -oio, -oeuib, p -hiji, imp -OH 1. shut, close; ~aTb Ha saMOK lock (up) {the door, etc); ~aTb Ha sacoB [Ha ?.ajiBH>KKy] bolt {the door, etc); ajb Ha KpioqoK hook {the door, etc); saKpb'iTb KpbiuiKy close the lid; aaKpb'iTb KpbiujKofl put the lid
chMnniy]
[pa]
-oro,
-bix
prisoner, convict. 3aKJiK)HUTejibH|biH

ch'îtîl'^niy]
etc);
[zakPu-
a final {concert, concluding {remarks, etc).

see
saKjiioHHTb
1.
saKJiioHaTb
on
2.
2,
3.
4.
saKOH [zAk6n] m -a, -ob 3. law {1) of a state; 2) of na- etc); 4. lock in, lock up {smb ture, etc; 3) of honour, etc); in a room, etc); 5. close, break act, statute; cboa ~ob stat- up / off (a meeting, etc); 6. ute-book, code; no -~y ac- shut down, close down {an enterprise, etc); suppress (a cording to the law; o6-b5iBHTb BHC -~a outlaw, publication); proscribe. aib rjia3a na hto-ji. shut saKOHHibiH [zAkonniy] a sh one's eyes to smth; arb -a, -o, -bi legal pOT KOMy-ji. shut smb up, sif saKOHCH, {actions, etc); legitimate, lence smb. lawful {also fig). 3aKpbiT|bifl [zAkritiy] a [pa]
(a jar, stew-pan, etc); cover (up) {thoroughly); shut off, turn off {the gas,
saKOHOAaTejibHibiH [zakanAdatîl^nly] a legislative. 3aK0H0MepH|biH [zakanAmêrnty] a sh f saKOHOMepeH, -o, -bi natural, regular, -a,
sh f
-~,
-a,
-o,
-bi
closed;
--oe saceAaHHe closed meeting; private / secret session;
law-governed.
saKOHonpoeKT
ekt,
[zAkonaprA-ob
bill
{a
-gd]
-a,
proposed law).
See saKaH^HBaxb. saKOHMHTbCJi see saKaHHHBaTbCH. saKpeniiTb see aaKpenjiSTb.
saKOHHHTb
CM noMemeHMH in<> B doors. saKpbiTb see saKpbmaTb. saKycHTb see saKycbisaTb. 3aKyc|Ka [zAkuska] / -kh, -OK hors d'oeuvre, appetizer; refreshments; snack, bite; cold dish, xoJiOAHan -~Ka hors d'oeuvre; ropaqaH --Ka hot appetizer; na --Ky for an
saK
hors
<> Ha
132
-aio, -aeuib,
d'oeuvre [also
see
<>];
imperf
3aMaH!HTb
~Ky
for a titbit.
[zAkusach^3aKycoHH|aH naya] / -oh, -lix snack bar. [zAkusivat^] 3aKycbiB|aTb imperf -aio, -aeiub, saKycjMTb [zakusîf^] perf saKyiuy, 3akycHiub, p -HJi, imp -h 1. have a snack; 2.: ~aTb pbi6oH have some fish {with one's brandy, etc).
aaji
[zamAnît''] perf -lo, 3aMaHHUib, p -HJi, imp -H decoy [into), entrap; entice Jure,
attract.
3aMaHHHB'jbiH [zAman^chîvty] a sh f --, -a, -o, -bi tempting, alluring.
3aMacKHpoBaTb
pOBaxb. 3aMeAJiHTb
3aMeAJi|flTb
see
see
MacKH-
saMeAîHib.
[zal]
m
or
-a,
large
room
-ob hall (a building);
[zamî^dPat^]
imperf
-iv),
-nemb, 3aMeflJi|HTb
o^HAaHHH
waiting-lounge.
waiting-room;
[zAmêdPit^] perf -k), -Huib, -HJI, imp -H slow down; retard,

delay.
sajiHB [zAlîf, -v]
-a,
-ob
bay, gulf.
3ajiHB|aTb [zalîvat^] imperf
-aio,
1.
3aMeH|a [zAm^'ena]
replacement,
substitute.
[zAlît^]
(-hji),
-bi,
substitution;
saivieHHTb.
-aeiub, saji'iMTb
saJiHJio
(-HJio),
2.
perf -bK), -beuib, p sajiHJi

-HJia,
saMeHHTb
3aMeH|flTb
see
saJiHJiH
[zamî^nât^]
(-hjih), /mp -eft 1. flood, inundate; 2. fig fill with [fresh air, sun, etc); 3.: saJiHXb ctoji qepHHJiaMH spill ink on the table; 4.: ~aTb ac4)aJibT0M lay asphalt {over a road). sajior 1 [zAlok, -g] -a, -OB 1. deposit, guarantee; security, caution money; ocxaBjiHTb B leave as a deposit; on a deposit; on the noA security (o/); 2. //g guarantee, pledge. sajior II [zAlok, -g] -a, -OB ling voice; cipaâTejib~' Hbifl passive voice. 3aJiOH(MTb see saKJiaAbiBaib. 3aji6)KHHK [zAlozhnîk, -g] -a, -OB hostage.
-hk), -Heuib, 3aMeH!HTb [zamî^nît''] perf -ib, saMeHHiub, p -HJi, imp -H 1. replace, substitute; 2. take the
imperf
place of; oh saMeHHJi pe6eHKy OTua he was a father to the

child.
3aMep3|aTb [zamî^rzat**] imperf -aio, -aeiub, 3aMep3lHyxb [zAmôrznut^j perf -ny,

-Heuib, p ~, -Jia, imp -hh freeze up, become frozen; be frozen; die of cold. 3aMecTMTejilb [zamî^s^tîtîP] -H, -eft deputy {acting for another). saivieTHTb see aaMenaTb. 3aMeT|Ka [zAmêtka] / -kh, -OK 1. paragraph, short item {in a paper); 2. note {a short
sajin [zalp, -b] volley, salvo; âTb volley/ salvo.
m ~
-a,
-ob
a
fire
record).
3aMeTH|biH
[zAmêtniy]
-a,
-o,
-ti
3aMaHHB|aTb [zAman^'ivat^J sh / aaMeren,
vis-

ible, noticeable;
133
-aji,
3aH
perf -y, -rimb,
appreciable,
[zamAlchât^]
marked. saMeHaHHJe nîya] n -h,
p
[zamî^châ-h
1.
imp
-H
become
silent;
remark,
reprimand, observation; 2. reproof; cAeJiaxb --e KOMy-ji. rebuke / reprimand / reprove
smb.
[zamîâaMeHaTejibHJbiH ch^'atîPniy] a sh f saMeâTeJieH, ra,
-o,
-bi
stop speaking [singing, reading, etc]; break off, cease {of a conversation, etc). saMOposKlH [zamaraskî] pi -OB slight frosts. 3aMy}K [zamush, -zh] adv. BbiHTH -^ 3a Koro-Ji. marry smb {of a woman); BbiAaib
wonderful,
marry
off
{a
woman).
remarkable, splendid. [zamî^chât^] saMeHJaxb intperf -aio, -aeuib, saMeilHTb saivieqy, [zAmêtît^] perf
-Huib,
-HJi,
imp
-b 1. notice,
3aMy>KeM [zamuzham] adv. oHa ~ she Is married; 6biTb ~ 3a KeM-Ji. be married to smb {of a woman). saMyHHTb see My^HTb.
saMbicjeji
-JiOB
see, get siglit of; 2. take notice of, mark; 3. remark, ob-
[zamis^d]
-Jia
serve.
[zamî^3aMemaTejibCTB|o n -a confusion, embarrassment; npHBecra b

shatîl^'stva]
intention, plan; scheme, conception; npecxynHbift -~eJi criminal design. saMbicjiHTb see saMbiuiJiHTb.
3aMb]uiJi|flTb [zamishlât^] imperf -iio, -Hemb, saMbicji'iHTb [zAmis^lît^] perf -k>, -Huib, p -HJI, imp -H contemplate, nexe? intend, plan; hto bh
throw into confusion; npHHTH B o become embarrassed

/
~o
saMcmldib
imperf
-aio,
confused. [zamî^sh^:at^]
-aeuib 1. replace, substitute; 2. .act for {smh).
what are you up
3aMKHyT|biH [zamknutiy] a ony[pa] sh f ^, -a, -o,- -u 1.: cTHTb drop the curtain. bifl Kpyr exclusive circle; 3aHaBec|Ka [zanAvêska] / 2. reserved {disposition, etc); -KH, -OK curtain(s) {at a win^biH 66pa3 JKH3HH a secluded dow or door); saAepnyib Ky
life.
to? saHaeec [zanavîs, -z] -OB curtain {a cloth);
-a,
draw the
-g]
curtain(s).
3aMloK [zamak,
-KOB
dence)
castle
.
-Ka,
resi-
(a
fortress;
-g]
SaHCCTH SSe 3aH0CHTb. 3aHHM|aTb I [zanîmat**] imperf -an), -aeuib, 3aH|flTb

[zAnât^] perf 3aiiMy, aaftMeUlb, p SaUHJI, -HJI^, 3aH5IJI0, aauHJiH, imp aaPiuE borrow
3aM|6K [zAmok,
-KOB
-Ka,
lock {to fasten doors^ etc); padlock. 3aM0JiKlaTb [zamAlkat^] imperf -aro, -aeuib, saMOjiKJHyTb [zAmolknut^] perf -Hy, -neuib, p --, -Jia, imp -HH, 3aM0JiH|aTb
{money,
etc).
II [zanîmat^] imperf -aro, -aeuib, sanj^Tb [zAHât^] perf saiiMy, aaH-
3aHHMlaTb
134
Meiub, p aaHHJi, -HJia, saHHJio, saHHJiH, imp safiMH 1. occupy;
insolent; overbearing, haughty.
I
1
3aHflTH|e [zAn'âtîya] n -h, pi -n, -H 1. seizure, occupawhole wall; ~aTb A6Ji>KH0CTb tion; 2. occupation, business, hold an office/ a post; 2. en- work, pursuit; 3. pi studies, gage, keep, secure (a seat, lessons; qacu ~h school hours. 3aHnTH|biH [zAn'âtniy] a etc); 3.: sto aafiMeT HCMHoro BpeMeHH it won't take much sh f saHHTeH, -a, -o, -u amustime. ing, entertaining. 3aHHM|aTbCfl [zanîmattja] aaHHTOH [zanî^toy] a busy imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, 3a- {man). HlflTbCH [zAnâttja] perf saftsaHHxIbiH [zanât+y] a [pa] -0, -bi: xbi -a, Mycb, saHMeiiibCH, p -hjich, sh f -HJiacb, imp saiiMHCb, saHMH- are you busy?; Mecxo o the xecb 1. be engaged {in), en- seat is occupied; ~o! engage {in), be occupied {with); gaged!, the line is busy! {in a indulge {in); devote oneself telephone call); na sxom saBo2. do, be Ae ~o ABe xbicHMH pa66qHX {to); go in {for); busy {with); be busy {doing two thousand workers are emsmth); study {medicine, etc); ployed in this factory. saHMxb I see saHHMaxb I. perf also take up {a question, 3aHflXb II see sauHMaxb II. âexecb? what etc); neM bm 3aHnTbCH see saHHMaxbCH are you doing?; what do you do?; 3. {no perf) study {at 1. 2.
KapTHHbl ~aJlH BCK) CTCHy the pictures took up the
saoAHo [zAAdno] adv 1. in saHOBO [zanava] adv anew. concert {with), together, at saHOBJa [zAnoza] / -u, ^ one {with smb); 2. col at the splinter {a sharp piece of same time, while one is about
school, etc).
wood,
etc).
it;
KynH
xjie6a,
saftAH
aaHocJHTb [zanAsît^] /mpe/-/ sa KHHFOH go and buy some saHOuiy, saHocHuib, p -hji, bread, and fetch the book, too. saocxpHxb see saocxpnxb. imp -H, aaHcclTH [zan^'i^s^tî] 3aocxp|Hxb [zAAstrât^] /m perf -y, -euib, p saHec, -Jia, imp -H 1. bring {1) smth perf -HK), -Heiub, 3aocxp|Hxb somewhere or to smb, mostly [zAAstrît^] perf -ib, -Huib, p on one's way; 2) smb to a -HJi, imp -H 1. sharpen (a etc); 2. strange place); pencil, or remote fig stress, ~HXb BHHMaHHe the emphasize; enter {in register, 2. minutes, etc); 3.: bck) Aopo- Ha qeM-ji. direct one's [smb's] ry sanecjio chcfom the road attention to smth. 3a6HH|biH [ZAoch^nty] a is snow-bound. 3aH6cHHB|biH [zAnosh^'-.ivly] correspondence {attr) {teach'^, -a, -o, -bi arrogant, ing, courses, etc). a sh
J;

Sanaa
west; Ha
[zapat,
135
3anHp|axb
[zapîrat^]
san
im-
^ OT... to the west of...; exaTb Ha - go to the west. a [zapadniy] sanaAHbiH west, western; occidental. 3anaflH|H [zapAd^nâ] / -i5,
-eft
~e
-d] in the west;
-a
na
trap,
snare,
pitfall
-z]
{also
-aeiub, 3anep|eTb perf -aio, [zapî^rêt^] perf sanpy, sanpeiub, p sanep, -jia, sanepsanepjiH, imp sanpH 1. jio, lock {the door, etc); ~axb na sacoB [na sa^BiiJKKy] bolt {the door, etc); ~a.xb na Kpio-
^6k hook
-ob 1. stock, supply, reserve; ne-a,
{the door,
etc);
2,
aanac [zApas,
lock in, lock up.
3anHp|axbCH
[zapîrattja]
npHKocHOBeHHbiH -^ emergency store; emergency ration;

2.
mil reserve; yeojiHTb s -^ discharge; dismiss; transfer to the reserve. sanacjdTb [zapAsat^] irnperf -aio, -aeiub, 3anac|TH [zapAs^tî] perf -y, -euib, p aanac, -jia, imp -H lay in a stock, stock up, store (up), hoard. 3anac|aTbCfl [zapAsattja] imperf -^locb, -aembCH, aa-
imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, sanep |eTbc$i [zapî^^r^'ettja] perf sanpycb, sanpeiubcn, p -ch,
-jiacb,
-jiocb,
-JiHCb,
imp
sa-
npHCb, sanpHxecb lock oneself

up.
sanHcaxb sanHcJKa
see
sanHCbmaxb.
[zAp^'iska] / -kh',
pi -KH, -OK 1. note {a very short letter); 2.: AOKJiaAHaK
~Ka memorandum,
written
naclxHCb
-ycb,
-jiacb,
[zapAs^'tîs^]
perf
-eiiibCH,
aanaccH,
-HCb, -iiTecb lay the winter, etc); provide oneself with (cer/Z/Zra/es,
in {for
imp
report {to one's chief, etc); 3. pi notes {for a speech, etc); 4. pi memoirs; 5. pi: yqenbie ~KH transactions. sanHCbiBJaxb [zApîslvat^]
imperf
-aio, -aeuib,
sanHcjaxb
sa-
etc);
[zapîsat^] perf sanHiuy,
<> ~aTbcii repn^HHCM be patient, arm oneself with patience.
HHmeiub, p -&Ji, imp sanHuiH put down, take down, 1. write down; jot down; put on sanacHJofl [zapAsn6y] & 3a- record; 2.: ~axb na nJieHKy tape), make nacHbifl [zApasnIy] a spare record (on a {parts, etc); ~6h HrpoK sub- recording {of smth); 3. enter stitute {in games); sanacHbifl {on a list); register {in the BbixoA emergency exit. minutes, etc). 3anacTH see sanacaxb. sanHcjb [zapîs^, -z^] / -h, aanacTHCb see aanacaibCH. -eft 1. writing down; 2. re3anax [zapakh, -gh] m -a, cording {on tape, etc); 3. en-OB smell, odour. try {in a book, etc). sanaHKaTb see na^KaTb. aanjiaxja [zAplata] / -bi, -^ aanepexb see sanHpaxb. patch {on a hole); b ~ax all sanepexbCfl seesanHpaxbCH. patched.
san
186
crlHTb [zapus^tît^] perf 3anymy, sanycTHiub, p -hji, imp -H \. col fling, throw, shy {a stone, etc); 2. start reservation. sanosflajiwH [zapAzdaliy] a {an engine); 3. launch (a
belated, delayed.
rocket, etc).
san.iaTHTb see njiaxHTb. 3anoBe;;HHK fzapAV^'ed^nîk, -g] m -a, -ob preserve; reserve,
sanoJiHHTb see aanojiHHTb. [zapAln^'at''] 3anojiH|nTb imperf -hio, -neiiib, sanojiHlHTb [zApolnît^] perf -k),
p -HJi, imp -H fill (up, pack {a hall, etc). sanoMHHJaTb [z9p9mînat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, sanoM-Hiiib,
3anycK|aTb II [zapuskat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, 3anyCT|HTb [zapus^t'ît^] perf sanymy, sanycTHiub, p -hji, imp -H neglect {one's household
duties, etc).
in);
HjHTb [zApomnît^]
-Huib,
perf
-lo,
sanycTHTblsee sanycKaib I. sanycTHTb II see sanyCKaxb II.
3anyTaTbcji see sanyibip -HJI, imp -H memoBaibCH. rize, remember. 3anyTbiB|aTbCJi 3anoH|Ka [zapanka] / -kh, [zAputtva-OK cuff-link.
ttsa]
see
sanpeinaib. sanpeii^jaTb [z9prî^sh^:at^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, sanpeTJMTb [zaprî^tît^] perf sa-
sanpCTHTb
imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, 3anyT|aTbcn [zAputattsa] per/

-aiocb, -aeuibCH 1. ^tangle, get entangled; entangle one-
self
{in
net,
etc);
2.
fig
npemy,
-H
-Hiub,
-hji,
imp entangle oneself

ban;
3.
{in debt, etc);
forbid;
prohibit,
sanpexHTb raseTy suppress a newspaper. sanpoc [zApros, -z] m -a,

pi
-bi,
official
ask
pi
1. -OB inquiry {an question); CAeJiaxb -[write] for information;
get into a difficult position; confuse everything fig [things], get everything [things] mixed up. 3ansiT|afl [zapî^taya] / -68,
-b'lx
comma.
make an inquiry
requirements,
sanpyflja
1.
{about)',
2.
needs;
in-
terests
--
{spiritual, etc).
[zApruda] / -bi, weir; 2. pond {formed by a z;e/r); mill-pond. sanpflrjaTb [z3prî^gat^]/m-
3apa6aTbiBlaTb [zarAbativat^j imperf -aio, -aeuib, sapa66T|aTb [zarAbotat^] per/-aK), -aemb earn, make {money). 3apa6oT|oK [zarabatak, -g]
dam,
-Ka, -KOB earnings; jicfkhh
perf
-ryx,
-aio,
-aeiub,
-rJia,
sanpfllwb
->Keiiib,
~0K easy money. 3apam\dLTb [zarAzhat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, 3apa3|HTb

[zarAZ^ft^] perf 3apaH<y, -rimb, -HJI, imp -H infect {also pollute' contaminate; fig);
[zAprâch^] perf -ry,
-r,
imp
-fh
harness {a horse). sanycKJaTb I [zapuskat^] -aemb, aanyimperf -aio,
{the atmosphere, etc).
sapajKJaTbCfl
[zarAzhattsa]

sJHTbcs!
137
sac
imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, sapa[zarAzîtbsa] perf 8apa>Kycb, -HuibCH, p -hjich, -Hxecb -HJiacb, imp -HCb, catch [a disease); be infected
njiaxa) (= 3apa6oxHaH wages; pay, salary. 3apy6eHbiH [zarubêzhnly] a foreign {country, etc). 3apbiB|axb [zarivat^] imperf
col
-aio,
by
(a/so fig).
-aeiijb,
3ap|bixb
[zArtt^]
3apajKeHH|e [zarAzhen'îya] n -H, -H infection {the act or

state o/); contamination; polthe atmosphere, lution [of
etc);
perf -OK), -oeiub, p -biJi, imp -OH bury {a treasure, etc). 3SLp\a [zArâ] / -h, pi sopH,
~e
KposH blood-poison-
ing.
-HM (aopHM) 1. dawn, daybreak; sunset, evening glo\v; Ha -~e at dawn; 2. fig
outset, start; Ao --H 1) all day <> ox long; 2) all night long; hh
3opb,
aapasja [zAraza] / -bi infection, contagion {a disease). sapasHTCJibHlbiH [zarAzîtîPnly] a sh

-a, -o,
-bi
'/ sapasHTCJieH, infectious. sapasHTb see aapa^Kaib.
~M
HH fl very early.
cBex
before
-d]
dawn,
sapasMTbcfl see aapajKaxbCH. 3apa3H|biH [zArazniy] a sh f aapascH, -a, -o, -bi infectious, contagious
etc).
3apflA [zArât, -OB charge, load.
-a,
{disease,
3apsiAHxb see sapHjKaxb. 3apH;i|Ka [zArâtka] / -kh, -OK 1. loading, charging; 2. exercises; sport setting-up
sapanee [zAranîya] adv beforehand, in advance; in good time. 3apeB|o [zarîva] n -a glow (0/ a fire, etc).
morning exercises.
3apfl>Klaxb [zarî^zhat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, sapHAlHxb sapHJKy, [zarî^dîf"] perf -Huib (sapHAHUJb), p -HJi, imp -H load, charge. 3acafl|a [zAsada] / -bi,,'-'
3aperHCTpHpOBaTb see peTHCXpHpOBaTb. saperHCTpHpoBaxbcsi see peFHCXpHpOBaXbCH. 3ape3axb see pesaxb 2. 3apHHu|a [zArnîtsa] / -bi,
lightning; US heat-lightning. 3ap6Abiiii [zArodish, -zh]
ambush; ycxpOHXb an ambush.

3aceAaHHle
--y
make
'
-H,
-H
[zasî^danîya] sitting, session,
summer
-a,
-eft
embryo
{also
fig);
noAasHXb B bud.
3apocji|b
-eii
~e
nip
in
the
conference, meeting. 3acjiyr|a [zAsluga] / -h, service {to one's country, etc); C> no aM according to smb's KOMy-ji. b deserts; cxaBHxb y put down to smb's credit.
brush,
[zaras^l^] / -h, thicket, under-
sacjiyiKCHH biH [z/vsluzhaniy ]

I
a [pa]
ited;
growth.
3apnjiaT[a
[zArplate]
/
-u
well-deserved, merhonoured, meritorious {as part of a title).

1.
2.
3a c
138
3acTerHB|aTb
-avD,
3acjiy}KHB|aTb [zAsluzht-aeuib V9t^] -aio, imperf sacjiymJHTb [zasluzhtt^] perf -y, sacjiyjKHiub, p -hji, imp -H deserve, be worthy of. aacMelHTbCfl [zasmî^yattsa] perf -K)Cb, -embCH, p -h;ich, -Hjiacb, imp aacMeflcjl, sacMeftTecb begin laughing; burst
[zAs^tôgî-aeuib, saCTerHJyTb [zas^'tî^gnut'^] perf

V9t^] imperf
-y,
-euib,
-yji,
imp
up
(a
button,
etc);
-h do button
(up);
hook
(a dress, etc).
3acTe3K|Ka [zAs^tôshka] / -KH, -eK fastening {mostly a hook or button); clasp, hasp.
out laughing. aacHyib see aacbinaxb I. sacopHTb see aacopHTb.

3acop|flTb
perf
-HJi,
-HK),
im[zasArât''] -Heiub, sacoplHTb

perf
-ib,
3acTeH4HB|bih [zA$'*t''en^chîviy] a sh f ^, -a, -o, -bi shy, coy, bashful. sacTolfi [zAstoy] m -h, -es stagnation {the state of); desacTpejilHTb [z8strî^l''it*'] perf -K), sacTpejiHiiib, p -hji,
[zasAr^'it^]
-riiub,
p pression, slack.
imp
-H
1.
litter
(up);
2.
obstruct,
jam
{the passage
ji,OK
~HTb meJiyconstipate the bowels; cause constipation; h ~hji êjiyôK I have constipation. sacrdBJa [zAstavs] / -bi, 1. (town) gate; 2.: norpaHHMof a tube, etc);
imp -H shoot (down), kill by shooting.

sacTpejijiiTbCJi
[z9strî^l''i-
aacTpeJiHiubCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb shoot oneself.

tts9]
perf
-K)Cb,
Han ~a frontier post; frontier [zAstrêl''sacTpejibmHK guards. sh^rik, -g] -a, -ob pioneer, sacral Barb [zastAvat^] im- initiator. sacTynjaTbcq [z9stupatts9] perf -K), -eiiib, p -saJi, imp -safl, 3acT|aTb [zAstat^j perf imperf -arocb, -aembCH, sa-any, -anemb, p -aji,- imp CTyn|HTbCfl [z9stup''ittS9] perf -aHb 1. find, catch (smb in, -jiiccb, aaciynHuibCH, p-HJiCH, HCb, at home, etc); 2. catch {smb -HJiacb, imp -Hiecb doing smth). smb), stand up take {for sacraBHTb see sacraBJiHTb. {someone's) part; intercede sacTaBJijiiTb [zastAvlât**] {with smb for smb). sacyxja [zasukhg] / -h, imperf -aio, -Heuib, sacraB|HTb [zAstavît*"] perf -jik), drought {want of rain). -HUJb, p -HJi, imp -b make, sacb'maTb see aacbmaib II. force, compel; aaciaeHTb aasacwnjaTb I [Z9sipat^] imAyMaibCH set thinking; oh hc perf -aio, -aeuib, sacHlyxb aacxaBHJi ceSa npocHTb we [zAsnut''] perf -y, -emb, p [they, etc] didn't have to -yji, imp -H fall asleep. persuade him; he was will3acbin|aTb II [z^sipai^] iming enough. perf -aio, -aeujb, 3acbm|aTb sacraTb see sacTaeaTb. [zAStpaf*] perf -Jiio, -Jieuib,

p
er
3.:
-aji,
139
sar
imp
-b
1.
fill
up
{jsDith
sand, earth, etc); 2. cov{with sand, leaves, etc);
saipyAHHTb see saTpy^HHTb. sarpyAHHTbCH see saxpy^HflTbCH.
ply with questions; sacbinaTb noAapKaMH load with presents. aaxcM [zAtêm] adv 1. then,
after
that;
2.: -^,
~aTb BonpocaMH
saTpyAHJflTb
[zatrud^nât^]
HT66bi...
in order that...
aareMHeHHle
nîya] n -,
-ii
[zatî^mnê-
mil black-out.
saTHxjaxb
perf -aK),
[zAt^'ikhnut'']
[zatîkhat^] im-
imperf -hk), -neuib, sarpyAH|HTb [zatrud^nît^j perf -k), -Huib, p -HJi 1. give trouble, trouble; embarrass a {of question, etc); Bac He ht npHHTH saBxpa? col would you mind coming tomorrow?; 2. hamper, impede; make
difficult.
-aeuib,
saTHXHJyTb
perf -y, -euib, p saTHx, saxHxjia, imp -ii calm down, lull; die away. aaxKHyTb see saTbiKaxb. 3aTMeHH|e [zAtmên^'iya] n -H> -H 1. as/ron eclipse; 2. col: Ha Hero namjio -~-e his mind
3axpyAH|flxbCfl [zatrud^nâ-
imperf -Hiocb, -Heuib3axpyAH|HxbC5i [zatrud^n^'ittsa] perf -wcb, -HuibCH, p -HjicH, -HAacb find it difficult,
ttsa]
CH,
has gone [went] blank. [zAt6] cj denoting {air); musty {room, etc). 3aT6 compensatory comparison or 3axbiK|dxb [?attkat^] imconsequence', sia KOMHara Ma- perf -aio, -aeuib, saxKHJyxb yibxHaH this [zAtknut^] perf -y, -euib, p jieHbKaa, room is small, but cosy. -yji, imp -H 1. stop up, plug sarop [zAtor] m -a, -ob jam, (up); cork up (a bottle); 2. obstruction; jam, thrust {into), push {into), (traffic) shove {into); congestion. SaTOpMOSHTb SCC T0pM03HTb. <> 3axKHyxb Koro-Ji. sa none sarpaeliTb see xpaBHTb 2, 3. col be one too many for
hesitate. saxxjijbiH [zatkhliy] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi stuffy, close
3aTpdrHB|aTb [zAtragîvat''] imperf -aio, -aeuib, sarpoH|yTb [zAtronut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -b 1. affect {smb's interests, etc); 2. touch on (a subject, etc).
saTpyflHeHHJe
n^'iya]
smb, outdo smb.

3axbijiloK [zAtllak, -g] -Ka, -KOB back of the head;
[zatrud^nê-
n -h, -h difficulty; embarrassment; b ~h at a

get Out of trouble / a difficulty; HcnwTbiBaxb 51 be a diffiin cult position.
IpSS; BblHTH
<> B ~0K in file, one behind another. saxflrHBJaxb [zAtâgîvat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, 3axnH|yxb saxH[zatî^nut^] perf -y,
Heuib,
-yji,
imp
a
-h
2.
1.
tightin,
etc);
H3
~H
en {a knot, suck in {of

3.
etc);
drag
swamp,
cover, close {the sky, said of clouds)^ 4. delay, drag out.
sax
140 -^
a 3am jia, imp -ah 1. drop in {at some or smb's place), saxflHyTb see sax^rHBaxb. call {on smb or at some place); 3aypnAH|biH [zaurâdniy] a ~HXb 3a KeM-Ji. fetch smb, sh / 'SaypHAeH, -a, -o, -u call for smb {on one's way);
saTii^KHOH [z9tî^zhn6y] long, protracted, delayed.
lih ordinary, commonplace; qeJiOBCK mediocrity, aaxeaxHxb see saxsaxbiBaxb. [zAkhvati3axBaxbiB|axb -aeiiib, V9t^] -aio, imperf 3axBax|Mxb [z9khvAtît^] per/ saxBa^y, saxBaxHiub, p -hji,. imp -H 1. take along, take {with oneself); bring {with oneself); 2. seize, capture; 3. col', ero saxBaxHJi aoâ^ he was caught in the rain; 4. carry away, captivate, thrill,
2.
get,
the
{in
3.
come {very far or to wrong place); find oneself

a
go;
strange
place,
etc);
come
smth
behind
side);
{both mostly or from some
saftxH 3a yro;i turn a corner; 4. set {of the sun); {on smth, of a con5. turn versation).
3axoxexb see xoxexb. 3aHaxHyxb see waxnyxb. 3aHeM [zAch^'em] adv inter &
rel
charm; <> aaxBaxHXb epacnjiox take by surprise, take unawares.

saxjieSHyxbCfl see 3ax;ie6bi-
BaXbCH.
3axjie6biB|axbCJi
V9tts"9]
[zAkhPobi-aeiiib-
imperf -aiocb,-
CH, 3axjie5H|yxbCfl [z9khl''i^bnutts9] perf -ycb, -eiubCH, p -yjiCH, -yjiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb choke {with water, etc); etc) {water, the swallow
why {do it, etc). [zAch''emt9] adv for some reason or other, for some purpose or other. 3aHepKHB|axb [zAchôrkîV9t^] -aio, -aeuib, imperf saHepKHJyxb [z9chî^rknut^J perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -h cross out, strike out.
what
for;
aaneM-xo
3aHex [zAch^'ot,
-OB
(course)
-d]
-a,
credit
test;
--
wrong way.
saxjionHyxb
Baxb. saxjionbiBJaxb
see
saxJionbi-
[zAkhlopt-aio,
imperf 3axji6nHlyxb
V9t'']
-aeuib,
HSbiKy credit test in Russian; cAaxb pass a credit test; nojiymixb get credit for a course. 3a4HCJlHXb see 3aHHCJlHXb. 3aHHc;i|xb [z9chîs''Pat^] imperf -hk>, -neuib, 3aHHC-
no
pyccKOMy
perf -y, slam, ijang
[zAkhlopnut^] -euib, p -yji, imp -h

{the
jiJHXb [zAchîs^Pit''] perf -k), -Huib, p -HJI, imp -H take on
door,
etc).
[zAkhot, -d] -a, coJiHua sunset. -ob: saxoAlHxb [z9khAdît^] imperf 3axo>Ky, saxoAHLUb, p
saxoA
put on the list. sameji [zAshol], sauijia [zAshla] p of saftxH; see aaxoAHXb. 3aiuHB|axb [z9shivat''] im(the staff);
-aio,
-H.T,
imp
-Ay,
-H,
3aH|xH [zAyfî]. perf
-aeuib,
3am|Hxb
perl
-Aeiiib,
aauieji,
[zAshtt^] perf -bib, -beiiib,

-HJi,
141
3Be
imp
-efl
sew
(up);
mend exaxb
UaMH
{smth made of fabric). uiTonaTb. aaiuTonarb see -u 3aii;HT|a [zAsh^n'ta] / protection, defence {also sport & law); safeguard. 3am.HmaTb saujHTHTb see
1.
stow away saftueM {without a ticket); <> norHaTbCJi 3a AByMfl 3aH-
^ want
to
kill
two
birds with one stone; sa ARyMfl 3aHiâMH noroHHuibcsi, hh oflHoro He noHMaeiub prov
2.
samMTHHK
-g]
[zAsh^-.it^nîk,
1.
-a,
-ob
protector,
defender; 2. law counsel for the defence; 3. sport (full-) back.
grasp all, lose all. SBaHHJe [zvanîya] n -h, -H rank, title. 3Ba|Tb [zvat^] imperf soey,
ssajio, nO':3BaTb call [pAzvat^] perf {to 1. make smb hear or come); ~Tb Ha noMomb cry for help; sac
soBeuib,
3BajIH,
p imp
-Ji,
-jia,
30BH,
samHmjaTb
[z8sh^:ish^:at^]
imperf -aio, -aemb, samHT|HTb [zash^-.itît^] perf saiUHmy, -HiKb, p -HJI, imp -h defend {one's country, a 1.
child, etc);
2.
soBVT
you
are
wanted;
2.
protect {smb,etc); for, the theatre [cinema, defend, stand up speak in support of; 3. {no {no perf): KaK sac
invite, ask; no3BaTb b Tearp [b khho u m. n.\ invite to

etc];
3.
soByT?
perf)
law plead
for.
what's your name?; Menn 30Byr...
sasiBHTb see sansJiHTb. saHBJKa [zAyafka] / -kh, -OK demand {for), claim (/or);
my name
is...
KOHuepT no
~KaM
listeners'
3Be3flla [zvî^zda] / -b'l, pi 3Be3Abi, 3Be3;^, 3Be3AaM star {also fig);
choice concert. aaflBJieHHJe [zayi^vPen^'iys] n -H, -H 1. statement, declaration; 2. application {a written request). saflBJilnxb [zayi^vl'at^] im-Heuib, SaflBJilTb -HK), perf sa[zayi^vît^] -jiib, perf
<> OH 3Be3A c He6a He xBaraer col he's no genius; he won't set the Thames on
fire.
HBHUib, p
state;
-H.i,
imp
-H declare,
announce, let know; saHBHTb npoxecT make a protest; ~^Tb npasa na mo-Ji. farming). [zv^m^'yi^voy] claim 3BeHbeB|6H smth, claim one's right to smth. m -oro, -bix field-team leader saau [zayats, -dz] m 3aHâ, {in farming). pi 'saflubi, 3aHu,eB 1. hare; 3BepHHbiH [zvî^rînty] a
2.
SBenlexb [zvî^nêt^] imperf -K), -Huib, p -eJi, imp -H ring, clang; clank, jangle, clink, jingle. 3BeH|6 [zvî^no] n -a, pi 3BeHbH, 3BeHbeB 1. link (of a chain); 2. team, group {in
col
stowaway
to get
{one
who
1.
of a beast;
2.
fig savage,
wants
a free passage);
wild.
3Be
142
[zvêrskîy] a savage,
SBepCKJHH
-an,
-oe,
-He brutal,
atrocious. pi -h, 3Bepib [zvêr^] 'H, -eft, -HM (wild) beast. -a ringing, 3B0H [zvon] clanging, clang; clank, tinkling; chime {of bells). sBOHiHTb [zvAnît^] ittiperf
3AaHHie [zdan^'iya] n h, -H building, edifice. 3Aecb [z^dês^, adv -z^] here (/) in this place; 2) at this point). 3AeujKHH [z^d^'eshnîy] a local, of this place; >khTCJib resident of this place; I'm a stranger here. H He
-K),
-Hiiib.
-HJi,
imp
-H,
nojSBOHMTb [p9zvAnît^] perf

1. ring {at the telephone, etc);
door,
HTb
of the e sbo-
HOK
bell;
[b
kojiokoji]
ring
the
3Aop6B|aTbC5i [zdArovattsa] imperf -awcb, -aeuibcn, no:3AOp6BaTbCfl [p9ZdAr6V9ttS8] perf greet, say "how do you do"; aibCH c KeM-Ji. 3a pyKy
ring, there's a 2. somebody is ringing; phone, ring up; bh He xyâ ~HTe you've got the wrong number {said over the telephone). SBOHKJHH [zvonkîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f bbohok, -a, -o, -H ringing, clear {voice, etc); ~HH cor,iacHbiH ling <>
~HT
shake hands with smb. 3Aop6B|biH [zdAroviy] a sh -a, -o, -bi 1, healthy /
,
{person, etc); strong,

2.
robust;
voiced consonant; ~aji moHeia hard cash. 3bqh|6k [zvAnok^ m -g] -Ka, -KOB 1. bell {at the door, etc); 2. ring {of a bell); flaxb OK ring, ring the bell; pa3AaJiCH ~6k a bell rang; the telephone rang; ok no Tejieôny / Tejie4)6HHbiH ok telephone call. 3ByK [zvuk, -g] m -a, -ob 1. sound; 2. ling: rjiacHbift vowel; corJiacHbiH consonant; merely a sound. <> nycTOH sByHJaTb [zvuch^'at^] imperf -HT, p -aji, npo;3ByHaTb [pr9zvuchât^] sound perf {of music, smb's voice, etc); be heard.
healthy, wholesome; salubrious {air); 3. fig sound {idea, etc); 4. col huge, big; strong, hard; bi! 1) good-bye!; <> Synbie good luck!; 2) keep well!; bless you! {said when a person sneezes). 3A0p6Bb|e [zdArov^ya] n -h
health; KaK Bame e? how are you?; no coctohhhk) ~5I for reasons of health;
<>
3a
Bame
el
(to)
your
health!; na el to your pleasure!; you're welcome! 3jipaBHHu|a [zdravnîtsa] /
health resort. 3flpaBooxpaHeHM|e [zdravAAkhrAn^'enîya] n -h public health; health service. 3flpaBCTByfi(Te) [zdrastvuy {-iî)] int how do you do! 3eB|aTb [z^'i^vat'"] imperf -aK), -aeuib, seeHlyrb [z'î^V-bi,
nut'']
perf
-H,
-y,
-euib,
-yji,
imp
npoiseBaxb [pr9zî^-
vat^] perf
{in
1.
143
KpHBoe
3JI0
(seBHyTb)
2.
yawn
<0>
~o
crooked/
dis-
{no perf) col gape {at)\ be idle {not busy); 3. (npoaesaTb) col miss, let slip; He ~aft! look sharp! *3ejieHbiH [z''i^l''6niy] a shf aesejieH, aejiena, aejieno,
sleepiness);
jieHbi
torting mirror.
3epH|6 [zî^rno] n -a, pi aepna, sepeH.sepHaM 1. grain,

seed; K6(|)e b sepnax coffee-beans; 2. corn, food grains, cereals; 3. fig kernel, core; ~6 HCTHHbi grain of truth. 3HM|a [zîma] / -bi, ace BHMy, pi SHMbl, SHMaM winter. 3HMHHM fzîmn^'iy] a winter.
green {also
fig).
/
seJieHJb
[z^'ePin^]
-h
1.
verdure; 2. greens, vegetables. 3eMeJibH|biH [zî^mêl^'niy] a ~aH pe(i)6pMa land reform;

--biH yqacTOK plot of land. seMJieBJiajiejileufzîmPivlA-bua, -bues d*'el''its, -d?]
landowner.
seMJieACJiMJe
ing.
[zîmlî^d^'e-
Piya] n -h agriculture, farmseMJiCTpflceHHle

tr^'i^sênîya]
[zîml*'i-
[z^'imAvat''] im-yemb, p -osaji, imp -yft, nepej3HM0BaTb (pîrîzîmAvat^] perf, npojaHMoBaxb [prazîmAvat^j perf winter, pass the winter; hi-
3HM|oBaTb
-yio,
perf
bernate;
<>
noKasarb
-h,
h earth/
quake.
3eMJi|fl
[zî^mlâ]
pi
-h,
ace
SCMJIK),
seMJiHM
2.
1.
SCMJIH, seMejib, earth {our planet);
give it hot to smb. 3hm6h [zîmoy] adv in winter; npomjioH ~ last winter; next winter. 6yflymeH
-^yiOT
KOMy-ji.,
rAepaKH
3jia
[zla] see 3jio.
earth, world; 3. ground, earth; 4. land {1) property; 2) opposite of sea); 5. soil {mould) raze to efi "^ cpoBHflTb c the ground.
3Jia
II
[zla] see -djiou.
3JiaK|H [zlakî] pi -ob cereals. 3JIH|Tb [Z^lît^] /mpÂ/ 3JIIO,
-a,
[zî^mPak, -g] m (fellow-)countryman; fellow-lownsman; fellow-vilscMJiflK
-OB
lager.
3eMJiflHHK|a [zîml^'i^nîka]
wild strawberry. [zî*^mPank9j / -KH, -OK mud-hut; dug-out. scMHOH [zî^mnoy] a earth/ -H
p -Jl, imp ~, pa30|3JlMTb [razAz'^Pit^] perf vex, anger; tease, irritate. 3.iM]Tbcn [z^lîttja] imoerf SJUOCb, -lUbCH, p -JICH, -jiacb, imp -Cb, -Tecb, paô;3jiHTbcfl [razAz^lîttja] perf be angry {with), be cross {with); be
-lUb,
seMJiflHJKa
in a tated.
bad temper,
be
irri-
ly;
~ map
the globe.
pi
3epKaji|o [zêrkab] n -a, -a, 3epKaji, -au looking-
-glass,
mirror {also
fig);
3JI0 I [zlo] n sjia, pi only gen 30JI evil; harm; npHMHHHTb ~ do harm, injure; co anger; ero with 3Jia fee u m. d.] -^ 6epeT col he [she,^
3JI0
feels
144
3JiK)cb
etc]
vexed,
it
makes
[z^lûs^,
-z^]
see
him
[her, etc] wild. 3J10 II [zlo] see 3jioh.
SJIHTbCH.
sMe'i^
[z'^mî^ya]
/ -h,
pi
3Ji66|a
{ill-will)',
[zlobaj
-bi
anger; no
spite ~e out
of spite; 6eccHJibHaH
~a
im-
SMEH, -H snake {also fig)', serpent. 3HaK [znak, -g] m ra, -ob
I.
potent rage;
<>
sign,
Ana the evil of the pHqHbiH day; Ha ~y akh concerning omen; smb); the news of the day.
[zlabA3Jio6oAHeBHlbiH a sh f 3jio6oAHeBeH, -a, -0, -bi: -~biH Bonpoc question / problem; burning
d^'n^'evniyl
~a
mark; symbol; 4)a6-- trade mark; 2.

3.
signal
{given
by
<> ~H OTjiHHHJi decorations, orders and medals; h pasjihhhh mil insignia; ~h npeB
~aH TCMa
burning topic.
-h, -ee 3Jiofle|H [zlAdêy] villain, scoundrel, rascal. 3J10H fzloy] a sh f 3oji, 3Jia,
3;io,
3Jibi wicked, malicious; vicious {look, etc)', bad-temyMbiceji evil intent; pered; H3biK bitter tongue; h 3o;i
nHHaHHfl punctuation marks; ~ flpyjKSbi in token of friendship; noA cm... in an
atmosphere of... 3HaK6M|HTb [znAkomît^] imperf -jiio, -Hiub, p -hji, imp -b, no;3HaK6MHTb [paznAkomît^] perf I. introduce {smb to smb); 2. acquaint, let know; HTb Koro-ji. c ropoAOM show smb round the town; ~HTb c nporpaMMOH show the programme. 3HaK6M|HTbCJi [znAkom^'ittja] imperf -JiKDCb, -HUJbCH,
Ha Hero I'm angry him.
cross with
3JionaM$iTH|biH [zlApamîtnty] a sh f sjionaMHxeH, -a, -o, -bi vindictive and rancorous. sjiocTH'ibiH [zlosniyj a sh f sjiocxeH, -a, -o, -u 1. maliill-natured; 2. invetcious-, erate, persistent. 3JiocT|b [zlos^t^, -z^'d^] / -H malice; fury, anger. 3JioynoTpe6HTb see sjioynoTpe6jiflTb.
-HJica,
-bTecb,
-Hjiacb, imp -bcH, nobnaKOMHTbCfl [pa-
znAkom^'ittâj
perf
1.
get
acquainted {with), make the acquaintance {of), meet; 2. acquaint oneself {with), get to know; visit, see {museums,
etc).
SHaKOMCTBlo fznAk6mstv9] n -a, ~ acquaintance {with); knowledge (o/); noAAep^cHtr^'i^bît^] perf -jiib, -HUJb, Baib -~o c KeM-ji. keep up p -Hji, imp -H abuse {one's friendly relations with smb. power, position, smh's confi 3HaK6M|biH fznAkomty] I a
3JioynoTpe6ji|flTb
[zlaupa-
imperf -hk), -heiub, 3JioynoTpe6|HTb [zlaupatr'î^bl^'at'']
dence, etc). 3J1K) [z^'Pu] see 3JIHTb.
sh f
iar
~,
-a,
-o,
-bi
1.
{word,
etc);
2.
familfamiliar,
145
30H
acquainted (with); h xopouio

'- c
II
HHM
as
know him well; knows; Kan a noun sHaKOMibifl up to you.

I
don't know; KaK ^ col who sHaeuib (it's)
3HaHeHHle [znAchên'iya] n -H 1. meaning, sense; 3HaMeH^TejibH|biiH [znamî^- 2. significance, importance; natîl^niy] a sh f SHaMena- HMeib 6ojibm6e '-e be of great TejieH, -a, -o, -bi significant, importance / significance. 3HaHHT [znachît] parenth important. 3HaMeHHTlbiH [znamî^nî- col so, then, well then. 3HaHHTejibH|biH [znAch^'ftiy] a sh f -~, -a, -o, -bi fa-oro,
-bix
acquaintance
{a person).
-H,
mous, celebrated.
[znam^9] n -enH, pi SHaMena, SHaMen, anaMeHaM banner {also fig); colours, standard; nepexoAnmee ~5i prize banner. 3HaHHie [znanîya] n -h, -H knowledge; co ~eM jxejia skilfully, with expert knowl3HaM|ji
a sh f SHaMHTejien, 1. considerable, substantial; 2. important, sig-
tîPniy]
-a, -o,
-bi
nificant.
edge. 3HaTH|biH [znatniy] a sh f SHaTCH, -a, -0, -bi 1. well-
sHaHlHTb [znachît^] imperf p -HJi mean, signify. 3HaH|6K [znAchôk, -g] m -Ka, -KOB 1. badge {that is worn); 2. small mark / sign. 3Ho6|HTb [znAbît''] impers: MeHH -~HT 1 feel chilly, I'm
-y, -Huib,
renowned, distinguished; 2. noble {birth, etc). SHaxoK [znAtok, -g] m -a,

-known,
-OB expert, connoisseur; 6biTb -OM CBoero /êjia know one's business. 3HaTb [znat^] imperf SHaio, SHaeuib 1. know {1) some facts, etc, about smth; 2) a language, one's lesson, etc; 3) life,
etc); 2.
shivering. -h (exces3ho|h [znoy] sive) heat. 30BH [zAVî[ see SBaxb. aoey [zavu], soeeuib [zavôsh, -zh] see SBaxb.
30J1
30J1
[zol]
see sjio.
II Jzol]
see sjiou.
/
-bi
30ji|a
[zAla]
ashes
{dust).
know; be acquainted
with;
<>
own
ion
ce6e ueny know one's value; have a high opinof

oneself;
sojiotIg [zobta] n -a gold. a 1. 3ojiot|6h [zalAtoy] gold; 2. fig golden; ân MOJiofleKb gilded <> the youth; -~a5i cepeflHHa
tojik
be an expert in smth, be a good judge of smth; ^

HCM-Ji.
Mepy
SHaere
know when
(jih)
to
stop;
I
golden mean. aoHJa [zona] / -bi, zone. 30HT [zont, -d] m -a, -6b umbrella; parasol, sunshade.
you
know; naI
36hthk [zon^tîk,
umbrella; shade.
-OB
-g]
-a,
cKOJibKo H sHaio as far as know; kto ero SHaer col
parasol,
sun-
800
300JiorHMecK|HH
146
[zaaIaq^'i-
rhîskîy] a -an, -oe, -He zoological; -~hh can/ napKZoo, zoological gardens.
3pHTejibHbifl [zrîtîPnty] a visual, optic; 2.: saji hall {in a cinema, etc).
1.
30onapK
-a,
[zAApark,
-g]
-OB Zoo.
[zorî],
sopH
see 3apH.
30pb
[zor'']
[zrâ] adv col in vain; nothing; tbi xoahji Tyaa you shouldn't have gone there; you needn't have gone
3p5i
for
there.
sopKlHfl [zork^'iy] a -an, -oe, -He 1. sharp-sighted; 2. fig vigilant.
3y6 [zup, -b] -OB {technol -bH,

BCTaBHbie ~bi
teeth;
<>
pi sydbi, -bes) tooth; artificial/ false
m -a,
3paM|6K [zFAchôk, -g] m -Ka, -KOB pupil (of the eye). 3p6jiHm|e [zTê\^[sh^:d]n -a, sight, spectacle; performance, show; jKajiKoe ~e a sorry spectacle. 3peJi|biH [zrêliy] a sh f ^
-a,
-0,
-bi
cKB03b
teeth; col fool smb
ed
through clench w 3aroBdpHBaTb

bi
by fine words. [zubn6y] a: ~aH 6ojib toothache; 6h mexKa tooth-brush; --an nacra tooth3y6H|6ft
ripe,
mature
{also
-paste;
~6h nopomoK
-d]
tooth-
3peHHle
eyesight;
[zrênîya]
-h
-powder. 3yA [zut,

so fig)
-a
itch {al-
4^ nojie ~fl field of vision; B nojie ~fl in sight; roHKa ~ point of view; noA yrjioM ~fl from the standpoint {of). 3pe|Tb [zrêt**] imperf -kd, -enib, p -Ji, co!3pfTb [sAzrêt^j perf ripen, mature {also fig). 3pHTeji!b [zrîtîP] m -h, pi -H, -eft'spectator, onlooker; pi also audience.
3H6HlyTb [zâbnut^] imperf

-y,
-H,
-euib,
p 3h6,
3H6;ia,
imp
oJ3H6HyTb [Az^'abnut*'] perf

shiver.
-b^l / -H,
-eft
feel chilly,
3fl6|b [z*'ap*',
agric plough-land. 3siT|b [zât*", -d^] -h, pi -bH, -beB, -bHM 1. son-in-law; brother-in-law {the hus2. band of one's sister).
H,
nexion, then; h
c] denoting 1. conand; and addition h oh he and I; mbi CHflejiH H MHxajiH we sat and read; see sto snajiH, h Bce 6bi;in paAbi everybody knew and everybody was glad; it
H
OH
no;iajT CHrnaji,
\\]
h pa3;iajicH
gave the signal and then a shot was heard; OH co6HpajicH yexaxb h yexaji he was going to leave and so, he did; 6bijio hos/^ho, h oh yuieji it was late and he left;
Bbicxpeji
he
147
Hrp
it was late and so he left; 2. enumeration: h khhph, h xexpa/lH, H cJioeapH books, notebooks, and dictionaries; h...
He Mory h no;;yMaTb o6 stom I can't even think of this. h6o [iba] cj denoting cause
for.
both... and...; sis, sometimes also with the preceding {mostly used at the
H...
3.
empha{a
Hoa
[iva] / HBbi,
HB willow
connexion statement beginning
tree).
of exclamatory and interrogative sentences): h KaK tu cm6euib Tax roBopHTb!? how dare you say such a thing!; h bh corjiacHbi?! and you agree?;
4.
emphatic surprise, emphatic
disapproval coupled with the idea of connexion even, and even; see ono3Aa;iH, h tu (t6jKe)
-b'l, pi rirjibi, HFjiaM needle [1) for sewing, knitting, etc; 2) for a syringe; 3) of a fir or pine); prickle, thorn {of plants); quill {of porcupines, etc). HrHopHp|oBaTb [ignArîraV9t^] perf & imperf -yio, -yeujb, p -OBaji, imp -yw ignore, disregard. Hro [iga] n Hra yoke {bond-
Hrji|a [igla] /
everybody
was [is] late,
(and) even you; oh ymeji h He npocTHîCH he left without
age). Hr6ji|Ka [igolka] / -kh, -ok Hr;ia;
even saying good-bye; 5. con- <> CHACTb KaK Ha ~Kax be cession {in sentences with the on pins and needles. Hrpjd [igra] / -bi, pi Hrpbi, other clause having a, ;ia, xaK or HO at the beginning): w ~, HrpaM 1. game {of chess, Hy)KHo MHe noflTH TyA^, Aa tennis, etc; also fig); naHeKor;ia though I should go cTOJibHbie Hrpu indoor / table there, I haven't the time; games; asapiHan a gamble; (h) h noexaji 6bi, ]\^ speMeHH 2. acting, performance (o/ a/i Hex I'd like to go, but I actor, musician, etc); haven't the time; 6. the idea <> -a c-ioB pun, play on of 'too', 'likewise': h b stom words; a ne ctoht cbch the caynae oh 6biJi npas in ,that game is not worth the candle. Hrpjaxb [igrat^l imperf -avi, case too he was right; Anna [sigrat^j cbirplaxb He 3HaJia SToro, TorAa uu -aeuib, CnpOCHJlH BHKTOpa, HO H OH perf -aio, -aeuib 1. {no perf) He anaji Anna didn't know play {of children)} 2. play so we asked Victor, {1) games, cards, etc; 2) muit, and instrument; but he didn't know either; sic, a musical 7.: TaK... H... that's (just/ 3) with a person's affections, exactly) what...; raK h h ^y- etc; on smb's feelings, 4)
that's exactly what I thought; 3T0 H ecTb... that's
Maji
just...
nerves, etc);
,âTh b hphtkh
play hide-and-seek {also fig); ~aTb qecTHO [HeêcTHo] play

fair [loulj; 3. theat act, play;
II
[i]
part intens even;
Hrp
148
--aTb nepBVK) CKpHnny itations); <> HACT cner it is play first fiddle; -âxb na snowing; 9. be on {of a play, pyKy KOMy-ji. col play into negotiations, etc); 10. suit, become {of a dress, coat, etc); smb's hands. HrpoK [igrok, -g] m -a, -6b 11. be required. (/or), be used {in); Ha koctiom hact xpH 1. player {in games)', 2. gamMeipa MaxepHH three metres bler. Hrpyui|Ka [igrushka] / -kh, of material are required for -eK 1. toy, plaything; 2. fig a suit; Tpjinbe hact na H3ro-
pawn
ideal.
(a person).
Hjieaji
[idîâl]
-a,
-ob
a/z
HAeajiMCT [idîAlîst, -zd]

-a,
-OB idealist. HAeajibH|biH [idîâl^niy] a sh f HAeajieH, -a, -o, -bi ideal. H.neHHlbiH [idêyniy] a sh f HAeeH, -a, -o, -u 1. ideological {content); 2. (high)principled {person, etc). Hfleoji6rH|fl [id^'iAlogîya] /
-H,
TOBJieHHe 6yMarH rags are used in paper-making; HACT O TOM, <> AeJlO / pCHb HTO... the question is that... H)KAHBeHHle[izhdîvênîya] n -h: 6biTb Ha MbeM-Ji. --h be
smb's dependant; HMexb na ~h have to provide for {parents, etc).
iz, position
tions
first
H3
[is;
in all pretonic posiis;
in
a stressed
[iza; in the
iz],
h30
-H
ideology.
[id'êya] / -h,
-h
1.
HAejJi
in
pretonic position the second pretonic
izA;
notion, concept; 2. idea, thought, idea; plan, scheme; noflaib ~K) suggest an idea; 3T0 -~5i! capital idea!; 3. idea {of a novel, etc). ]\m [idî] see h^th. HATH [it^'t^'i] imperf H^y,
HAeiiib,
lujiH,
tion iza] prep with gen denoting 1. movement oat of smth; the starting point of a movement: bwhth h3 AOMy go
posi-
meji,
lujia,
mjio,
imp HAH a concrete move-
er,
ment
1,
in a definite direction 2 [cf xoAHTb 1,2] 1. go {move, pass on foot); come {on foot towards the speaketc) walk, move {along); go, run {of a bus, etc); 3.
2.
leave {of a train, etc); run {of a road, etc); 5, enter {school, etc); join {the army, etc); 6. pass, elapse {of time); 7. go, work {of a watch, etc); 8. fall {of precipstart,
4, lie, go,
out of the house, leave the house; go outdoors; npHexaxb H3 KHCBa come /arrive from Kiev; nnxb hs qaujKH drink from a cup; 2. a source of information, etc. ysnaxb hs rasex learn from the papers; 3. material of which smth is made: KyBUJHH hs cxcKAa a jug made of glass; sapeHbe HS BHiuen jam prepared from cherries; sxox xa6ypex cAe.naH HS HiUHKa this stool is made out of a box; 4. a whole from which some part is singled out; also with the superlative degree: oahh hs mohx ApyseM

one of
MHCJia,
149
-Hji,
RSd
my
friends;
h3 66mero
imp
/
-b save, kofo-ji.
deliver,
paBHoro ;;ByMCTM out of a total of two hundred; HH OAHH H3 cTa uot oue in a
hundred; jiyîuHH
rid of;
ble.
~HTb
ot xjio-
noT save
spare
smb
the trou-
H36aBJi|Tbcsi [izbAvPattja] us xyAOHCHHKOB the best of the artists; imperf -Hiocb, -HeuibCH, h3reason or cause: c/iejiaTb 6aB|HTbCJi [izbavîttja] perf 5. qio-ji. H3 jik)6bh k... do smth -jiK)Cb, -HuibCH, p -h;ich, -hfor the love of...; do smth jiacb, imp -bCH, -biecb get for the sake of...; hs CTpaxa rid {of). H36ajioBaTb see 6aji0BaTb. for fear, out of fear; hs neM36a-HHTajibHfl HaBHCTH through hatred; hs [izbachî6;iaroAapHOCTH in gratitude; tal^nâ] / H36bi-qHTa;ibHH, ace 6.: HSOBcexcHJj with all one's HsSy-qHXaJIbHK), pi H36bI-qHmight; hso ahh b ]\QUh day TajibHH, H36-qHTajieH village reading-room. in, day out; every day; H3..., HsSerjaxb [izbî^gat^] imH30..., H3T>..,, HC... pref of verbs denoting 1. move- perf -aio, -aeiub, HsCerHJyrb ment out of smth; extraction [izbêgnut^] perf -y, -euib, of a certain part of smth: h3- H36er (-yji), HsSerjia, imp -h, rnaTfa [izgnat^] drive {smh) H36elaxb [izbî^zhat^] perf ->KHUIb, -H<HX, out, drive {smb) away; nsBJie- -ry, -JKHM, KaTb [izvlî^kat^] extract, -jKHxe, -ryx, p -JKaji, imp -ra take out, draw; 2. an action avoid {doing smth, danger, affecting or covering the whole etc); escape {punishment, etc). HsSHpaxejijb [izbîratîP] of a thing or carried beyond
the
normal
limit:
Becb CTOJi cut
Hspesaxb up the whole
-H,
tor;
pi -H, -eft voter, pi also electorate.
elec-
table; ns-besj^Hib [iz^yez^dît'']
travel all over; HSHocHXb [izHAsît^] wear o\xi {clothes, etc); HCHHcaib [ispîsat^] tover with writing; 3. the perfective aspect: H3>KapHTb [izh:arît^] perf of jKapHXb. H36|a [izba] / -bi, ace -y (Hs6y), pi Hs6bi, ~, H36aM
tîl'^niy]
[izbîraHsSHpaxejibHJbiH a election {attr),
~oe npaBO suffrage; ueH3 electoral qualification; biH oKpyr election -bift yqacxoK 1) district;
electoral;
~biH
election
station;
hut, peasant house.
H36aBHTb
see HSfiaBJIHTb.
H36aBHTbCfl see
H^6aBjiHTb-
CH. HsSaejiiflTb [izbAvIât^] imperf -mo, -nemb, H36aB|HTb [izbavît*'] perf -jiio, -Hiiib,
precinct; 2) polling 6iojiJiexeHb voting-paper; an ypna ballot-box. Hs^Hplarb [izbîrat^] im-aeuib, H36|paxb -aK), perf [izbrat^] perf -epy, -epeuib,
uh
-paji
-pajia,
1.
-pajio,
-pa;iH,
imp -epH
pick out;
2.
choose, select, elect \by voting).
H30
150
nîya] n -h, -h notification, notice; summons (a writ\. HSBMBJaTbcfl [iz^vîvattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH 1. coil, wriggle {of snakes, etc); 2.
twist, road,
H36HT|biH [izbîtiy] a [pa]: '-an 4)pa3a hackneyed stock

phrase;
~aH HCTHHa
H36paHH|biH
truism. [izbranniy]
[pa] I a: ~bie npoHSBeAeHHH selected works; 1 1 as a noun H36paHH|bie pi -bix the elect.
wind;
etc).
meander
{of
H3BHHeHHle liz''v''inên''iyaj n -H, -ft apology, excuse; [izbitak, H36biTloK -g] m npocHTb ~H y Kor6-Ji. apolo-Ka surplus, redundancy; gize to smb. H3BHHHTb See H3BHHHTb. B ~Ke in plenty; ot -~Ka H3BHHHTbCli See HSBHHHTbCH. qyBCTB OH He Mor rosopHTb his feelings were too strong H3BHHiflTb [iz'^vînât''] for him to speak. imperf -Ak), -neuib, H3BHH|HTb M3BecTH|e [iz'^vês^tîya] n [iz^v^'in^'it''] perf -k), -Huib, -H, -H news, (piece of) infor- p -HJi, imp -H excuse, pardon mation; nocJieAHHe ^n the {forgive); Hie! (I am) sorry!, excuse me!; (latest) news. H3BecTH0 [iz^v^'esna] impers <> HCT, yjK HTc! oh no, predic it is known (that...), that won't do! common knowledge HSBHHJflTbCfl [iz^'vînâttja] it is
H36paTb
see
HsCHpaib.
(that...);
ciajio
it
known; sto naM
became
this
is
known
<> KaK
to us; as is
imperf -Hiocb, -fleiiibCH, h3BHHJHTbca [iz*'vîn*'ittjaj perf -K)Cb, -HUlbCH, p -HJICH, -Hjiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb apologize, make an apology; <> ~flK)Cb! col sorry! H3BJieK|aTb [izvlî'^kat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, MSBjieiHb [izvl^'ech^] perf -Ky, -qeuib, -qeT, -qexe, -KyT, p H3B.neK, -KJia, imp -KH 1. extract, take out, draw; derive {profit, etc); 2.: ~aTb ypoK learn a lesson.
known.
H3BeCTH0CTlb[iz''Vêsn8S^t^, -z'^d^] / -H reputation, fame; notoriety; --b <> nocTaBHTb Koro-Ji. b o HCM-Ji. inform smb of smth. u3BecTH|biH [iz^v^'esniy] a sh f HssecTeH, -a, -o, -u 1. well-known, famous; notorious; 3T0T paCCKaS HHKOMy He H3BecTeH this story is known to nobody; 2. certain
{not named).
H3BHe
without,
[izvn^'e]
adv
from
H3BeCT|b
/
[iz^vîs^'t^,
-z^d'']
whitewash {for ramenaH '^b slack walls)', lime; nerameHaH --b quick-H
lime;
-lime.
ji3BeineHHle
[iz''v''i^sh'':e-
outside; noMomb -~ outside help. H3BOp6TJIHB|biH [izVArotl^lvty] a sh f , -a, -o, -bi tricky, dodgy, resourceful. H3BpaTHTb see n3Bpam,aTb. îZYFAsh^'iaf] usBpainjaTb
from
151
R33
imperf -aio, -aeuib, H3Bpa- pers, etc); 2. edition; nepHoTJHTb [izvrAtît^] perf H3Bpa- AHêcKoe -~-e periodical. [izdatîl**H3AaTejibCTBio my, -Huib, p -liji, imp -H n -a, ~ publishing pervert, distort, twist {mean- stva]
ing, words, pret.
1.
etc);
misinter-
house.
HarHaHHJefizgnanîya] n -h banisliment, expulsion; 2.:

B
H3AaTb HSAaxb
see
II
HBAaBaxb seeHBAaBaxb
I.
II 1.
5KHTb
~H
live
in
exile
HBAeBaxeJibCTBlG vatîPstvg] n -a,
[iz^dî-
mock-
{abroad).
H3ropoJilb [izgarat^, -d^] / -H, -eH fence (a wall, railing);

5KHBafl
^b hedge. HSrOTOBHTbSee HSrOTOBJlHIb.
ery, jeering; insult, humiliation. H3AeB|dxbcsi [iz^dî^vattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeiiibCH jeer, mock, scoff; insult, humiliate.
H3roTOBJi|flTb [izgatAvlât^]
imperf -hk), -neiub, H3roT6BJHTb [izgAtovît^] perf -Jiio,

-Huib,
HSAeJiMJe [iz^dêlîya] n -n,

-ft
(manufactured) article, p -HJi, imp -b make, ware; rjiHHHHbie h earthenware; KycxapHbie ~h handimanufacture. HSAaJBETb I [izdAvat^] im- craft wares. H3Aep)K|KH [iz^dêrshk'i] pi perf -K), -euih, p -BaJi, imp -Bafi, H3A|aTb [izdat^] perf -CK cost(s) {of production, etc); -aM, -aiiib, -acT, -aAHM, -aAH- cyAe6Hbie ~kh costs {of a Te, -aAYT, p -aJi, -ajia, -^jio, lawsuit); c 6ojibmHMH ~KaMH
-ajiH,
imp
-aft
publish
(feoo/js,
at great cost.
etc);
issue {orders, etc); mulgate {laws, etc).
pro-
H3%apHXb
H3-3a
see >KapHXb.
H3AalBaTb
imperf
-Baft,
-ib,
II
[izdAvat^]
-Baji,
-emb, p
imp
in the first pretonic position izzA; in the second pretonic position

[izza;
H3fl|aTb [izdat^] perf -aM, -aujb, -acT, -aAHM, -a^HTe, -a^yT, p -aji, -ajia, -ajio,
imp -aft 1. utter {a -ajiH, sound); 2. {no perf) give out/

off
{a
smell);
-^saTb bjiobo-
HHe stink, stench.

H3AajieKa
H3AaJiH
[izdaPi^ka]
adv
from afar, from a

[izdalî]
distance.
afar,
-ft
from from a distance. H3AaHH|e [izdan'îya] n -h,

1.
adv
publication {the process
of);
etc);
promulgation {of laws, publishing {o( newspa-
denoting from behind or 1. movement from around smth: oh BbiuieJi ~ AOMa he came from behind the house; Bcxaxb ' cxojia rise from the table; 2. cause or reason: n onosAaji nero I'm late because of him, of him; I was late because Mbi He noexaJiH '- ao)kah we didn't go because of / owing Heocxop6>Kto the rain; HocxH through carelessness; ccopHXbCH '^ sero-Ji. quarrel over smth*
izza]
prep with gen
HSJI
-aeiiib,
152
H3MeH|Tb
II
HSJiarlaib [izlAgat^] imperf

-aK),
[izmî^nât^]
HSJiOKJHTb [IzIa-
imperf
-hk), -neiub,
H3MeH!HTb
zhtt^] perf -y, H3Ji6>KHiiib, p -HJi, imp -H state {a request, point view, etc); one's of
dwell on (a subject).
H3JiHiij|eK [iz^l'îshak, -g]
-i6, HSMeHHuib. p -HJI, imp -H betray {one's country, etc); be false to; be unfaithful; fail {of one's memory, strength, etc).
[izm'î^nît^J
perf
-Ka,
-KOB surplus, excess.

-H
etc);
H3MeH
I
flTbCJi
izm'î'^nâttja]
H3JioiKeHH|e
-H,
[izlAzhenîya] account {of smb's
imperf -nwcb,
-neiubCH,
h3-
speech,
facts,
etc);
statement
to
{of
MeHiHTbca [izmî^nîttja] perf -K)Cb, HSMeHHlUbCH, p -HJICH,

-Hjiacb,
b ero [ee u m. d.]
imp
-HCb,
-rixecb
~H
etc].
according
him
[her,
change {become different). K3MepHTbSee H3MepHTb.

HswepiflTb [izmî*-'rât^] imH3Mep|HTb perf -HK), -HeUIb, [izmêr'ît^] perf -k), -Huib, p
H3JioiKHTb see H3JiaraTb. HSJiyHJaTb [izluchâf^] im-
perf
-aio,
-aeiiib,
[izluch^'it^]
-h;i,
imp
HSJiyniMTb -riuib, perf -y, radiate {also -\i
H3JiyHHHia[izluchîn9] f -u, bend, curve {of a river). H3JiK)6jieHHbiH [iz^lûbl^mniy] a [pa] favourite.
'^
imp -b measure, iâuge. H3MyHeHHbiH izmuch^mnty] a \pa\^ haggard, exhausted. H3MyMHTb see MyqnTb.
-HJI,
[
HSMeHja [izm^'ens]
-bi,
-~
treason, treachery, betrayal; adultery. H3MeHeHHle [izmî^nên^'iya]
H3MflTb see MHTb 2. H3MTbCJI see MHTbCH 1. H3HaHlKa [iznanko] / -kh wrong / reverse side. H3Haii]HB|aTbCJi [iznashivattja] /mpe/-/-aeTCH,H3HociHTbCH [iznAs'îttsa] perf h3h6CHTCH, p -HJicH, -HJiacb Wear out {of shoes, machine parts,
etc).
-h,
-h
I
change,
al^
teration.
HSMCHHTb H3MeHHTb
see HSMCHHTb I. Sg^HBMeHHTb II HSMCHHTbCfl see HSMeHHTbCH.

II
H3HyTpH
[iznutr**!]
adv from
within; on the
inside.
H3MeHHHK [izmên^nîk,
-g]
H30 see H3.

H30... see H3..^
[izÂbîlîya] n abundance, plenty. H3o5pa>KlaTb [izabrAzhat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, H3o6pa|3MTb [izabrAzît*'] perf -my, -3H[iib, p -3HJI, imp -3H depict,
-a,
-oB traitor.
H3MeH4HB|biH [izm^cn^chîviy]
fickle.
H3o6MJiHle
sh
'^,
-a,
-o,
-bi
-H
changeable
{weather,
I
etc);
MSMeHJ^Tb
imperf
[izmî^n^'it'']
[izm^'i^nât^'j
-hio, -Heiiib,
H3MeHJHTb
-io,
perf
nsMe-
HHuib, p
alter.
-Hji,
imp
-H
change,
portray; theat represent; ~aTb H3 ce6a make oneself out to be.

HSoSpajKCHHle
nîya] n -h, -h
1.
153
positions
HSU
[izabrAzhedepiction, portrayal {the process of)', 2. image, picture. M3o6pa3MTb see H3o6paH<aTb.
tonic
isp^t,
-d]
H3o6pecTH
t^.il'']
see
HSodpexaTb.
[izabrî^ta-
HSodpexaTejilb
inventor. H3o5peTaTejibH|biM [izsbr'î^tatil^niy] a sh f H3o6peTaTeJieH, -a, -o, -bi inventive, ingenious. H3o6peT|aTb [izabrî^tat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, H3o6p|eCTH [izabr'î^s'^tî] perf-ery, -CTemb, p -eji, -ejia, imp -cth invent {a new instrument, etc). HsoSpeTeHHje |izabrî^tênîya n -a, -H invention {a
-H,
-eft
gen denoting 1. movement from below or from under smth: cTOjia from under the table; cnera from beneath the snow, from under the snow; 2. movement from the vicinity of smth: -^ MocKBbi from near Moscow; 3. the former purpose of a reprep
with
ceptacle:
6yTbiJiKa '- MOJioKa
milk bottle; Kop66Ka -~ chrapeT cigarette box; KyBuiHH ~ BHHa jug in which there
was wine.
H3paHJibCK|HH [izrail^skîy] a -an, -oe, -He Israeli. HspacxoAOBaxb see pacxoflOBaib.
new
device, etc).
H30JiHploBaTb [izAîravat^] perf & imperf -yio, -yeiub, p

-OBaJi, imp -yft isolate; technol also insulate. H30JiflTop [izApatar] -a, -OB 1. technol insulator; 2. isolation ward (m a hospital,
H3peAKa [izrîtka] adv now and then, from time to time. HSpCHCHH |e [izrî^chênîyaj n -H, -ft apothegm, maxim.
H3yMHTejibH|biH f'lPniy] a sh f
jieH, -a, -o, -bi [izurfiî-
HsyMHTeamazing, won-
derful.
etc).
h30jiuh1
[izAPatjtya] -h
-h)
1. isolation; 2. (p/ -h, technol insulation.
H3yMJieHHle [izumPen^'iya] n -H amazement, wonder. H3yH|aTb [izuchât^] imperf -aio, -aeujb, HsyHJHTb [izuchît^]
-Hji,
H30MHeTCJi
3d person MHTbCH.
of
[izAmnôttsa] H3MHTbCH; see
imp
2.
/
perf -y, H3yqHiiJb, p -H 1. study, mak-e a
study
of;
master {a language,
learn;
[izAmnî] HSMHTb; see MHXb.
H30MHH
imp
of
etc);
come
{no imperf) get to know.

see H3...
H30MHy [izAmnu],H30MHeuib [izAmnMsh, -zh] 1st & 2nd

persons
of
H3'b...
H3'bflTb see H3bIMaTb.
HSMHTb;
see
MHTb.
MSbiMJaTb [iztmat^] imperf

-aio,
-a, [izAtop, -b] -08 isotope. H3-noA [ispot; in the first jspAt, -d; pretonic position in the second and other pre-
HSOTon
-aeuib,
H3iifl|Tb
[iz**-
yat^] perf HSbiMy, HSbiMemb, p -Ji, imp H3biMH withdraw, remove {Jrom sale, circulation,
etc).
H3bl
154
H3bicKaHHle [iziskanîya] n pi -H, -H 1. finding, procuring; 2. {mostly pi) inves-n,
tigation, research; geol prospecting. [izislonnty] HSbicKaHHJbiH a [pa] sh f H3bicKaH, -a, -o, -bi refined {taste, manners, etc);
tslya] / -H, -H illumination a festival, etc). HJiJiK)CTpauH|5i [ilûstratslya] / -H, -H illustration.

{for
HJIJlK)CTpHplOBaTb[ilÛStrîravaf*] perf & imper4 -yio,

-yeiiib,
-oBaJi,
imp
oh
-yft
il-
lustrate.
dainty {dish). H3K)M [izûm]

sins. H3iiii^HlbiA
HM [im]
instr of
&
oho;
-a (-y) rai-
see oh;
II
dat of ohh; see oh.
sh f gant, graceful, refined. HKaTb [ikat^] imperf hkAio,

HKaeiiib,
[izâshîniy] a H3HiueH, -a, -o, -u ele-
HMCHH
[imîn^'i],
hmSh
[im*'6n] see hmh.

-H estate,
HKHlyxb
[iknut'']
HM^HH'ie [im^^nîya] n -h, landed property. HMeHHo [imînna] part 1.

specification,
perf -y, -euib, p -yji, hiccup, hiccough. HKOHia [ikona] / -bi, (a sacred image). HKp|d I [ikra] / -bi
imp
-h
denoting
cation,
indi-
emphasis, etc. mhc icon HyjKHo ~ 3T0 this is exactly sTa KHHra what I want; 1. roe, just this very book; Bhkspawn; 2. caviare {food); 3. Top c;ieJiaJi sto it was Victor paste [made from vegetables). who did it; hot TaM h naHKpla II [ikra] / see HKpbi. iiieji ero just where I found HKpw [ikri] pi HKp {sing him; it's just the place where HKpja / -bi) calfs {of the leg). I found him; kto [mto, rê HJi [il] m HJia silt. u m. n.] ^? who [what, HJiH [il^'i] cj denoting!, an where, etc] exactly?; 2. used sometimes cou- in explanatory parts of a senalternative, pled with addition, connexion tence and before enumeration or with warning, threat or; namely; that is; viz; 3.; bot
Tenepb
HMKorâ
now
or
that's
it!;
exactly!
never; na 6epery peKH, npyâ '- osepa on the bank of a river, pond, or a lake; ~... --...
either... or...;
HMeJTb [imêt^] imperf -lo, -emb have {1) possess; own;

2) possess as a quality, etc); ~Tb 3HaHeHHe be of importance <> ~Tb MecTo take place. HMe|TbCJi [imêttja] imperf -ctch: ~TbCH HajiHuo be available; be on hand; be present; B 6H6JiHOTeKe ctch necKOJib;
>Ke or (else);
explanation {always pre2. ceded by a comma): asponJi^H, caMOJieT, 6biJi H3o6peTeH... the airplane, or the aircraft, was invented... HJiJiioMHHaTop fiPumînatarjm -a, -ob porthole, scuttle.
Ko
KHHf
are
no
HîJiiOMHHanHlfl
[il^'um'îna-
there
several
sTOMy Bonpocy books on
J55
1.
HHe
the subject at the library; the library has several books on the subject. HMH [imi] instr of ohh;
see oh.
stock, equipment; xop-~b stock-in-trade {tools, materials); 2. invento-H
roBbiH
ry,
catalogue.
-dz]
/
HMnepHajiHSM [impîrîAPizm] m -a imperialism. HMnepHajiHCTMHecK|HH [impîrîaPistî'chîskîy] a -aH,

-oe,
HHAe|eu [in^dêy9tj, -Hua, -HueB (American
Red)
-He imperialist(ic).
-d]
HMnopT [impart,
-a
econ import; imports.

r9V9t^] perf Sc imperf -yio, -yeiub, p -oBaji, imp -yH econ
Indian. HHAeflcK|HH [in^d'eyskîy] a -an, -oe, -He (American/ Red) Indian. HHAHdH|Ka [in^dîank9] / -KH, -OK 1. [c/ HHAHeu] Indian
/
HMnopTHploBaTb [impArtî- woman; Indian girl; 2. (American Red) Indian woman; (American /Red) Indian girl.
HHAHBHAydjibHibiH
[imush*':istv9]
import.
[in^dî-
HMymecTB|o
vîduaPniy] a sh
Ayajien, ual.
-a, -o,
hhahbhindivid-
-a property {things owned); belongings, possessions; ne-
-bi
ABHJKHMoe
~o
real estate.
HHAH|eu
pi
[in^d''iy9tj, -dz]
HMH [im^9]
{an
HMCHH,
1.
HMCHa, HMCH, HMCHaM

appellation)',
2.
name
-Hua, -HUCB Indian {a native or inhabitant of India).
hhahhck|hh [in'^dîyskîy] name, fame; npHo6pecTH become a -an, -oe, -He Indian {of Infamous; 3. ling: ~ cymecxsH- dia) TCJibHoe noun; -- npHJiara[ind9nî^zîHHAOHesMJeu
.
TCJibHoe adjective; '- qHCJiHTCJibHoe numeral; <0> ox HMCHH on behalf of;
y9tj,
-dz]
-Hua,
-hucb
In-
donesian.
Hasbiearb
HaMH call a spade a spade; HMeHCM well-known. HHane [inachî] & uname
[inachî]
II cj
I
eemH cbohmh HMe-
HHAOHesHHCKJHH [indanî^zîyskîy] a -an, -oe, -ne Indonesian. HHAycxpHajiH3ai;Hlji [industrî9Pizatjiy9] / -h industrialization.
arfo differently,
in
another way;
or (else), otherwise; <> xaK HjiH in any case; in one way or another; ne
HHAycxpHlH [industrîy9]
-h industry {light, heavy). -a, HHAK)K [in^d**uk, -g] -OB turkey (-cock).
he
cflejiaji axo col it's has done it. HHBajiHA [invAPit, -d]
KaK OH
HHAH)ui|Ka
[in^dûshk9]
who
-a,
-OB
invalid;
-KH, -eK turkey(-hen). HHe|H [inîy] -h hoarfrost.
xpyâ
disabled worker. HHBeHxap|b [invî^ntar'J
HHepxH|biH [inêrtnty] ash HHepxeH, -a, -o, -bi inert
{also fig).
hhx
HHJKCHep
pi
-bi,
155
-a,
[inzhi^nêr] -OB (civil) engineer {with college education). HHHi;Haji|bi [in^'itsiali] pi -a) ini-OB {sing MHHUHaji
tials.
HHHUHaTHBla
V8] /
-bi
[inîtsiAtî-
initiative.
gêntniy] a sh f HHieJiJiHreHTCH, -a, -o, -bi cultured, educated. HHTCjiJiHreHUHlR [in^tîPigêntsiya] / -h intelligentsia, intellectuals. HHTepBeHUH|fl [intî^rvêntjiya] / -H, -H intervention
{invasion).
HHorAa [inAgda] adv sometimes.
HHOH [inoyl a
CJioBaMH
1.
different
HHTepBbK) [interv^yu] n indecl interview {for the press).
{shape, approach, etc); hkhmh other words; in 2. some {certain but unspecicJiyâHx in B HHbix fied);
HHiepec [in^tî^rês,
-a,
-z]
-OB interest {1) concern or
curiosity; 2)
some matters;
O
at
HHoe
Aejio
(it's)
matter;
pas
another sometimes,
naK...
importance). HHTepecH|biH [in^tî^rêsnty] a sh f HHTepecen, -a, -o, -bi interesting (fact, 1.

2.
etc);
etc).
attractive
{woman,
times; He kto -^j none other than...
HHOCTpaHJeu
-dz}
-ua,
[inAstranîtj, -ueB foreigner.
[ inAstrannty] a foreign {language, etc). HHcneKTOp [inspêktar] m -a, pi -a, -OB inspector.
MHocTpaHHbiH
HHxepecloBaTbcsi (in^tîrîSAvattja] imperf -yiocb, -yeuibCH, p -OBaJiCH, -OBajiacb, imp. -yflcH, -yflxecb be interested {in), care {for).
HHxepHax [intî^rnat,
-a,
-d]
HHCTHHKT
-a,
'[ins^tînkt, -OB instinct.

fin^s^'t^'itut,
-gd]
-OB boarding-school. HHxepHauHOHaji [internatjtAnal] -a 1. {pi -u, -ob)
MHCTHxyT-
-d]
International
tion);
2.
-OB 1.' college {of higher learning); institute {educational or scientific); 2. institution {established law, custom, practice, etc). HHCxpyKTOp [instruktar] -OB (-6b) in-a, pi -bi (-a), structor {mainly in sports). HHCxpyKUH^si [instruktjiya] / -H, -H instructions, directions, orders.
-a,
{the organiza(H.) the Internatio-
nale. HHxepHau,HOHajibH|biii [internatsiAnal^'niy] a sh f hh-
xepHauHOHaJieH,
international.
-a,
-o,
-bi
[in^f'imnty] HHXHMH|biH a sh f HHXHMeH, -a, -o, -u intimate, familiar.
HHxpHrla
[intrîga]
~
-H
-h,
intrigue.
HH(l)eKUM|fl
HH^JJiflUHifl
HHCTpyMCHT
-d]
-a,
-OB
tool {also fig); iiHTejijiHreHTH|uH [in'^t^'iPi-
instrum^cnt instrument, implement(s).

[
[infêktjiya] infection {a disease).

[infl'âtstyaj
-H econ inflation.
157
Hmeuib,
ncK
[infArmaHH(t)0pMauHl5! tsiya] / -H, -H 1. information, news; 2. data, information.
Hmy,
p
,
-aji,
imp
for;
HiuH look for, search seek {employment etc).

HCKjiK)H|aTb
HH4)opMMp|oBaTb [infArmîravat^] perf
[isklûch^'at^]
&
imperf
-yio,
in-yeiiib, p -oBaJi, imp -yft form {acquaint with a fact). HHUHACHT [intjidênt, -d] m -a, -OB incident, happen-
imperf -aio, -aeiub, hckjik)HJMTb [isklûchît^] perf -y,

-HJI, imp -H 1. exrule out, preclude; 2. expel {from school, etc). HCKjiioHeHHle [iskPuchênîya] n -h, -h 1. exclusion,
-Hiub,
clude,
ing. H.o.
[i-6]
abbrev
(=
HcnoJi-
HHiomHH o6H3aHHOcTH) acting elimination; {for another); h.o. AHpeKTopa {from school,
acting director.
2.
etc);
3.
expulsion excep-
HnnonpOM [ipAdrom]
-a,
tion {to a rule). HCKjiioHHTejibHQ [isklûchî1 adv exceptionally; part exclusively, only. HCKJIK)4MTejIbH|bIH [iskPuch'îtîl^'niy] a sh f hckjik)HHTeJieH, -a, -o, -bi exception-
-OB hippodrome, racecourse, the turf. a [irakskîy] HpaKCKJHH -an, -oe, -He Iraqi.
tîl^na]
II
HpaHJeu
-Ubi,
[iranîtj,
-dz]
-ueB Iranean. [iranskîy] HpaHCK|HH a -an, -oe, -ne Iranian. HpJiaHAleu [irlan^dîts, -dz] -na, -ues Irishman. HpjiaHflCKJHH [irlanskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Irish. [irAuîchîHpoHHHecKlHH skîy] a -an, -oe, -He ironical. -h [ironîya] / Hp6HH|fl irony.
Hc... see H3...
al;
~oe
npaBo
exclusive
HCKJlKDHaXb.
right.
HCKJIIOHHTb see
I
ucKonaeMbiH [iskApayamly]
a
fossil;
-
II
M
I
as a noun h c k o n a e bi e pi -bix minerals.
HCKOpeHHTb see HCKOpeUHTb. HCKOpeHJaTb [iskar^'i'^nât'']

imperf -hk), -neuib, HCKopeH|HTb [iskarî^nît**] perf -k>,
-Hiub,
-HJI,
imp
-H
eradi-bi,
HCK [isk. izg] m -a, -ob law action, lawsuit. HCKaMJaTb [iskAzhat^] imperf -aK), -aeuLib, ucKaslHTb
cate.
HCKpja
[iskra]
p
n
[iskAzît^] perf HCKascy, -Hiiib, -HJi, imp -H distort, misrepresent.
spark; fig also gleam; <> y Hero ~bi h3 rjias nocbinajiHCb he saw stars.
HCKpeHH|HH [iskr^m^nîy] a sh f HCKpeHeH, -a, -e (-o),

-H (-bi) sincere,
HCKaweHHle
-H,
distortion, resentation.
-H
[iskAzhenîya] misrep-
frank,
can-
did;
unaffected. HCKpHBjieHH|e
[iskrîvlê-h
I. bend, curvature;
HCKasMTb HCKiaxb
see HCKajKaxb.
[iskat'']
n^'iya]
n
2.
-h,
imperf
curve;
med
HCR
155
HcnaHKaib see naqKaib. HcneHb see neMb I 1.

McnoBeflloBaTb
[ispAv'êda-
3.
fig distortion {of apolitical
line, etc).
HCKyniaxb HCKvn axb

[iskupît^] RHLUb, p -HJi,
for,
see
II
Kynaxb.
[iskupat'']
vat^]
-yeiub,
perf
&
imperf
-yio,
1.
imper'f -aio, -aeiiib,
HCKynlMib perf -Jiib, HCKy-
-OBaji,
imp
-yfl
imp
2.
-H
1.
expi-
confess {hear a confession); 2. {no perf) profess {beliefs,

etc).
ate, atone for;
make
up
Kynaibcn. HCKynHTb see HCKynaib II.

HCKycH|biH [iskusniy] as/i / HCKyceH, -a, -o, -bi skilful,
clever, expert.
compensate. HCKynaTbCH see
McnoATHiiiKa [ispat^tîshka]
adv col stealthily, in an underhand way; CMenxbCH --' laugh in one's sleeve. HcnojiKOM [ispAlkom] m -a, -OB ( HCnOJIHHTeJIbHblft KOMH-
HCKyccTBeHH|biH [iskus^t^v^mniy] a sh f HCKyccxBen,

-a,
-0,
-bi
Tei)
artificial.
-a,
art {1} painting, sculpture, etc; 2) of medicine, war,

1.
HCKyccTB|o [iskustva] n
executive comrriittee/ board. HcnojiHeHH|e [ispAlnênîya] n -h 1. fulfilment, execution; 2. performance {of a play, etc); b ~h.., per-
etc);
H3o6pa3HTe.ibHbie
~a
-dz]
formed
by...;
played
by...;
sung
fine arts; 2. skill, art, crafts-
manship.
HCJiaHfljeu, [islan^dhtj,
-ua, -ueB Icelander. HCJiaHACKJHH [islanskîy] a

-oe,
-He Iceland(ic). HcnaHJei; [ispanîtj, -dz] -ua, -ues Spaniard. McnaHCK|HH [ispanskîy] a cyêSHbiH -~b bailiff. -an, -oe, -He Spanish. HcnojiHHTejibH|biH [ispAlHcnapeHHJe [ispArênîya] n -H, pi -H, -H 1. evapora- nîtîl^'nty] a sh f hchojihhtion; 2. pi fume(s), vapour; TCJieH, -a, -o, -bi 1. executive {committee, power, etc); 2. BpeAHbie H miasma. ucnapHTbcn see HcnapHTbCH. industrious, painstaking; Hcnap|HTbCfl [ispAr^dttja] <> ~biii jiHCT writ of execu-an,
<> npHBOAHTb B ~e carry out, execute, put into effect. Hcno.iHHTeji|b[ispAlnît*'il^] -H, pi -H, -eft 1. executor {a person who does smth); 2. theat performer; pi cast; kto ~b rJiasHOH poJiH? who plays the leading part?;
Imperf -^locb, -HeiiibCH, Hcnap|HTbc$i

[ispArîttja] perf -HJICH, -K)Cb, -HUIbCa, p -H.iaCb, imp -HCb, -HTeCb 1.
tion.
{become vapour); fig col disappear, vanish, evaporate.

2.
evaporate
McnojiHHTb see HcnoJiHHib. HcnojiHUTbCfl see HcnoJiH^TbCH. [ispAlnât^'l McnojiHlTb
imperf uluTb
-hk),
-Heuib,
Hcnoji-
[ispoln^'it^J
perf
-w.
perform.
159
Hcnyr [ispuk,
-g]
HCT
-Huib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. carry out, fulfil, execute; 2. theat
-a (-y)
fright, scare.
Hcnyraxb
HcnojiHJHTbCfl
see nyraxb.
HcnojiH|flTLCJi [ispAlnâttja]
imperf -HeTCH,
[ispolnîttja]
HcnyraxbCfl see nyraxbCH. HcnbixaHMJe [ispitanîys] ,i^
-htch 1. n -H, -H test, trial; 2. be fulfilled; come true {of examination {for students)', dreams, etc); 2. impers {of 3. test, trial, ordeal. age, time): saBxpa MHe HcnojiHcnuxaxb see Hcnbixbmaxb. HHTCH ABaAuaxb jiex I'll be HcnbixbiBJaxb [ispltivat^] twenty tomorrow. Imperf -aio, -aeuib, Hcnbixjaxb [ispol^za- [ispitat**] Hcn6jib3|oBaTb -aio, -aemb perf V9t''] & impsrf -yio, 1. test, put to the test, try; perf
perf
-yeiiib,
utilize,
of;
-OBaJi, imp -yft use, make use of; make
2.
experience,
feel
{fear,
pleasure, etc).
the most of; take advantage exploit, turn to (one's) account. HcnopTHTb see nopxHTb.
HcnopTHTbca see nopTHTbCH. Hcn6pHeHH|bm [isporch^mniy] a [pa]

-a,
-o,
-bi
HccjicAOBaHHle [is^s^lêdavanîya] n -h, -h 1. investigation, research; exploration {of a country); analysis {of blood, etc); 2. paper, essay,
dissertation.
HCCJieflOBaxejilb
davatîl'']
sh
1.
f Hcnopqen, spoilt; rotten,

2.
[is^s^Pe-eft
bad,
decayed;
vicious,
spoilt {child, etc).
HcnpaBHTb
JIHTbCn.
see HcnpaeJiHTb.
investigator, explorer. [is^s^lêdaHccjicAJOBaxb vat^] imperf -yio, perf &

-h,
HcnpaBHTbcsi
Hcnpaejij^Tb
see
Hcnpas-
-yeuib,
-OBavX,
investigate,
[isprAvlât^]
HCC5iK|axb [is^sî^kat^] imAqt, HccnKH|yxb [is^-Hiub, p -HJI, imp -b 1. re- perf pair, mend; 2. correct {a s^'aknut^] perf -ex, p hcchk, mistake, etc); ~HTb nojio>Ke- HCCHKJia be exhausted {of HHe improve the situation; supplies, patience, etc). HcxcKiaxb [is^f'i^kat^] im3. reform, correct {smb). HcnpaBJi|nTbcn [isprAvlâ- perf -aio, -aeuib, HCx|eHb[is^ttsa] imperf -^locb, -neuibCH, têch^] perf -exy, -CMeuib, p HcnpaB HTbcsi [isprav'itts9] -eK,, -CKJia, imp -ckh 1. elapse, perf -Jiiocb, -HUJbCH, p -hjich, expire; BpeMH ~-ji6 the time -HJiacb, imp -bCH, -bxecb im- is up; 2.: axb KpoBbK) bleed prove, change for the better, profusely. reform {of a child, criminal, HcxHHJa [is^tîna] / -u, truth, verity. etc).
I
imperf -hio, -neuib, HcnpaB|HTb [ispravît^] perf -jifo,
study of; examine; analyse
imp -yft 1. make a thorough explore; 2. med

{blood, etc).
HCT
HCTHHH|biH
sh f HCTHHCH,
itable, true.
-a,
160
[is^tînnty] a -o, -bi Ver-
[istorîk, -g] -OB historian, student of history. HCTopHMecK|HH [istArîchîsliîy] a -an, -oe, -He 1. historical {science, epoch, etc); 2. HCHepn|axb [ishchêrpat''] historic {figure, speech, etc). perf -aio, -aeuib exhaust, use Bonpoc HCTopHJJi [istorîya] / -h, up; Hcqepnan the -H 1. history {of a nation, question is settled. etc); 2. story (1) a happening; HCHepnbiBaK)iu,|HM [ishchêrpiv9yush^:iy] a [pa\ -an, -ee, 2) a narrative, tale). HCTOHHHK [istoch^'nîk, -g] -He exhaustive, comprehen-a, -OB spring {of water); sive. HxaK [itak, -g] cy denoting source {also fig). HCTomjaTb [istAsh^:at^] im- conclusion, summing up thus, perf -aio, -aeiiib, HCTOiu,iHTb so.
-a,
HCTOpHK
HCHesjaxb [ishchî^zat^] -aeiub, imperf -aio, hchcsHJyxb [ishchêznuf^] perf -y, -einb, p HCHea, Hcnesjia, imp -H disappear, vanish. HCHepnaxb see HCMepnbiBaxb. HCHepnbiBJaxb [ishchêrpiV9t^] imperf -aio, -aeiub,
[istAsh'îit^]
-HJi,
perf -y, -Hiiib, p

1.
imp
2.
-H
exhaust,
use
up;
out.
exhaust, tire out, wear

see xpaxHTb.
HCTpaxHTb
HCTpeSHTejijb tîP] -efl -H,
[istrî^bî-
av
fighter.
[itApyanîts, -ueB Italian. [ItAPyanHxajibnHCKJHH skîy] a -an, -oe, -He Italian. H X. A. [i-te-de, itAgdaPiya] abbrev (=h xaK Aajiee) and so on, and so forth; etc (et
HxajibflHlei;
-dz]
-ua,
HCTpe6HTb
see
HCTpe6jiHTb.
[istrî^blât^]
cetera).
HCTpeSjilflTb
imperf -hhd, -aemb, Hcxpe6lMxb [istrî^bît^] perf -Jiib,

-Huib,
Hxor [itok, -g] sum, total; result
-a,
-ob
fig);
{also
-HJI,
imp
-H destroy,
<> B -~e as a result; in the end. H X. n. [i-te-pe, itAmCipA-
annihilate; exterminate. Hcxfl3|axb [is^fî^zaf"] perf -aio, -aeiub torture.

Hcxofl [iskhot,
dobnaya]
imout-
abbrev
(=h xomv
-d]m-a
come, result; <> 6bixb Ha ~e be coming to an end, be nearing the end.

HcxloflHxb [iskhAd'ît^] imperf -o>Ky,
-oAHiiib,
noAofinoe) and the like; and so on, and so forth. Hx [ikh, igh] I gen & ace of ohh; see oh; corresp to ohh II pron poss
their; theirs.
HiuH
[ish^'.i]
see HCKaxb.
-oAHJi,
Hmy
[ish^:ish,
[ish'îu],
Hmeuib
imp -OAH
{from);
issue {from), come originate {from); 2.

1.
-zh] see HCKaxb.
KK)Ji\b [iyul^]
proceed
{from)
{an
assump-
HK)Hib fiyun'']
iiOA [yot,
-d]
tion, etc).
m -H July. m -h June. m -a iodine.
^. 161
KSLH
K
g], KO [ko; in the k a; pretonic position in the second pretonic posika] prep with dat detion noting 1. an action or movement directed to, towards smb,
[k,
first
;iio66Bb K...
for .
.
love
of...;
love
AOBepHe k KOMy-ji. confidence in smb, trust in smb; 7. appeal, call: k h6BbiM ycnexaM! may we [you]
.
to.
. ;
smth: noAOHTH k aockc go up to the black-board; come up the black-board; hath to K cTOJiy go to the table, go towards the table; npH6jiH3HTbCH K qeMy-Ji. [kkomy-ji.] approach smth [smb]; noSTH K Bpa'iy go to the doctor, go and see the doctor; o6paTHTbCH K KOMy-ji. address smb; turn to smb {for smth); o6paTHTbCH K Bpauy consult a doctor; take medical advice;
score further successes! Ka6aH|6K [kabACh^'ok, -g] -Ka, -KoB vegetable marrow.
KaSejijb [kabîP]
-h, -eft
cable. KaSiiHla [kAbîna] /
-bi,
^
~a
booth, box; bathing-hut;
rpysoBHKa [Kpana u m. n.] box / cab of a lorry [crane, etc]; ~a JiemnKa cockpit. Ka6HHeT [kabînêt, -dj m
private office; -a, -OB 1. study (a room); 2. med consulting room, surgery; 3. pot
KO MHe npHiuJiH ApysbH my cabinet. friends have come [came] to KaSjiyK [kAbluk, -g] -a, see me / to my place; saftxH -OB heel {of the shoe); K KOMy-Ji. call on smb; 2. con- <> 6biTb noA ~6m y Koro-ji. tiguity: npHCJiOHHTbCH K CTCHC col be under smb's thumb. [kavAlêrîya] lean against the wall; 3. adKaBajiepH|ji joining, belonging, / -H cavalry. dition, etc: K OAHOMy npH6aBHTb xpn KaeuHlKH [kAvkh^kî] pi add three to one; npHMKHyTb -CK {sing KaebiHKla / -h) inK KaKOH-Ji. rpynne join a verted commas, quotationgroup, side with a group; -marks; b ~Kax in inverted np^coeAHHHTbCH K HbeMy-Ji. commas [also see <>]; MHeHHK) subscribe to smb's <> B ~Kax so-called. opinion; npHHaAJieJKarb k Ka-a, -ob shot, KaAp [kadr] Koii-Ji. napTHH be a member sequence {in motion pictures); of a party; A. time limit: k still {a photograph). TpeM MacaM by three o'clock; -ob 1. Kaflplbi [kadri] pi 5. purpose: roTOBHTbCH k ne- personnel {skilled specialists for smth, and workers in a certain field); My-Ji. get ready prepare for smth; nepeoAexbCH noAroTOBKa --ob training of K o6eAy change for dinner; specialists /personnel; 2. mil treatment of: cadre. 6. attitude to,
Kax
162
Kazakh woman;
Kazakh
KaKAJWH [kazhdty] I pron every, each; ~bie nHTb ahch every five days; II as a noun KaA|biH m -oro, -bix everyone; ot - oro
no cnoc66HOCTHM,
-CK
girl.
~0My
no
KaseHHbiM [kAzônniy] a 1. public {property, money, etc); 2. fig bureaucratic, formal;

3.
commonplace,
trite.
ero Tpy^y from each according to his ability, to each
-H execute, put to death. Ka3H|b [kaz^n''] / -h, -eft execution, capital punishment; npHFOBOpHTb K CMCpTHOH ~H sentence to death. KaK [kak, -g] I adv inter, perf Ka<ycb, KajKeuibcn, p -aJicH, -aJiacb, nolKasaxbcji ret & def how; ~ mhc npoHTH seem, Ha KpacHyio njiomaflb? how [pakAzattja] perf 1. appear, look; -^-aibCH cxpan- do J get to the Red Square?, HUM [cMemHbiM u m. n.] seem can you tell me the way to strange [ridiculous, etc]; 2. the Red Square?; ^ Baiue it impers: Ka>KeTCH, mto... SAopoBbe? how are you?; seems that...; eiviy Ka>KeTCH, Bac 30ByT? what is your iTo... it seems to him that...; name? ~ sto HasbiBaexcH? II as parenth Ka>KeTCH it what do you call it?; naseems (that); KasaJiocb it 3biBaeTCH 3T0T ^^HjibM? what
according to his work. KaiKycb [kAzhus^, -z^], naKeuibCJ! [kazhashsâ] see KasaxbCH. KasaK [kAzak, -g] m -a, pi -11 (-H), -OB (-ob) Cossack. KasjaTbCH [kAzattja] 1 im-
Ka3HaHe|H [kaznAchêy] m -Ji, -CB treasurer; paymaster. KasHJHTb [kAz^nît^] perf & imperf -ib, -Huib,- p -hji,
imp
seemed
(that);
Ka>KeTC5i,
hh-
is
the title of
the film?;
KTo He ono3AaJi it looks like Bbi CKasaJiH? what did you everybody was in time; ~a- say?; ~ Bbi oTHocHxecb k JlOCb, MTO HHKTO HC SHaCT TOMy, MT66bI nOHTH B KHHO? o6 3T0M it seemed (that) no- what do you think of going body knew about it; Bce, to the cinema?; 51 3a6biji, ~
'-aJiocb,
ujjio
xopoiiio
all
seemed to be going well. Kasax [kAzakh, -gh] m -08 Kazakh.

KasaxcKJHH
9T0 ACJiaeiCH do it; BOT ~

BOBaJiH
elled;
jiaTb
it;
-a,
forget how to Mbi nyTemecTthat's how we travI
[kAzakhsk^'iy]
-an,
-oe,
-He
Kazakh.
a
BOX HaAO 9T0 CAethat's the way to do xoJioAHo! how cold it
[kAzatjkîy] Ka3au,KiHH -an, -oe, -He Cossack.

-en Cossack
girl.
-~ BaM He ctuaho! you ought to be ashamed of youris!;
Ka3aM]Ka [kAzach^ka] / -kh, woman; Cossack
self!;
II
>Kajib!
what
1,
a pity!;
part denoting
surprise,
indignation:
npHuieji?
~, oh eme He
Ke
hasn't
KaaauilKa [kAzashka] / -kh,
what,
163
yet?; 2. a sudden and vigorous character of an action expressed by perf: ona -~
KaK
difficult
it
come
however must be
is,
it
done;
--
oh
hh
saKpHMHT! all of a sudden yelled; she screamed III cj 1. denoting comparison like; as; oh roBopHT, ~ pycCKHfl he speaks like a Russian; roBoppo Te6e -' Apyr I'm telling you this as a friend; 6yAbTe ~ AOMa make yourself at home; CHfleib ~ Ha HFOJiKax be on pins and needles; 2. denoting manner. OH nocTynHJi, ~ eiviy cKaaaJiH he did as he was told; h cê/
Ao6p,... kind as he is...; 6bi as if, as though; <> -- 6bi He Tan! co/ not likely!, nothing of the kind!; 6w TO HH 6biJio be that as it
rnay;
~
1)
KorAa
it
depends;
~
fit
pas
Ko
just, exactly; 2) TOJib{of clothes, etc); as soon as.
KaKao [kAkao] n indecl

coa.
co-
KaK-jiH6o [kakPiba] adv =a KaK-HH6yAb 1. [kaknîbut'', KaK-HH6yAb jiaK) TaK, ~ H 3T0 cfleJiaJi b -d^] adv 1, somehow, in some npoiiiJibiH pa3 I'll do it the way; 2. col anyhow, in a way I did it last time; 3. slipshod manner; 3. col some
introducing
clauses
npHeAy B Omck, (xaK) saHAy K HCMy when as soon

/
of
time'.
time, some day.
KaKOB [kAkof,
ic
-v]
-a,
-6,
-bi
1.
inter
pron predwhat;
as
call
arrive
in
-~
Omsk,
I'll
saKOH^Hiiib, no3BOHH MHe give me a ring when you're through; npouiJio TpH roâ, -ivibi paccxaJiHCL three years have passed since we parted; 4. used with the
on him;
HOBOCTH? what is the -^bi ~ oh co66h? what news?; does he look like?; 2. def: BOT ~bi AeJia this is how matters stand; 3. rel: hhtcpecHo, ~bi ero njianbi I wonder what his plans are (like);
<>
-^l col
pronoun
kto and a negation
how do you
[kAkoy]
pron
rel
like
in the sense of 'but', 'besides': KTO T0 CACJiaCT, He TbI?
Him! KaKJOH
-6e,
-aH,
who'll do it but you?, who'll do it besides you?, there's nobody to do it besides you; 5. introducing object clauses: H BHêJi, ~ OH Boiiieji I saw him come in; h cJibimaji, -^ OH neji I heard him singing; 6: OH HH cTapajicH, oh ne Aocraji KHHrH however hard he tried / try as he would, he failed to get the book; HH ipyAHo, 9T0 HaAO cAeJiaxb
-He
1.
inter
&
what;
~yK) raaeTy AaTb eaivi? what newspaper shall I give you?; ~6e ceroAHH ihcjio? what is
the date (today)?;
3a6biJi,
qncjio I forget what is the date (today); 2. def {in exclamatory sentences)
6e ceroAHH
how;
what;
ropOAl
city!;
~6h
a
KpacHBbiH
what
~6ii
ropoA!
how
beautiful sto KpacHBbiH beautiful the city
KaK
is!;
~6h
Bbi
164
-dz]
yMHbift!
3.
rel\
how
(laas...;
yatj,
-Hua, -HueB
Cam-
clever you. are!;

koh)...,
bodian.
dzhtysk^'iy]
-~6h... such...
hh...
-O
6bi
~6h
whatever. ..;~6h TO HM 6biJi(o) any what-
KaMSoAJKMHCKJHH a -an,
[kambA-oe, -ne
Cambodian.
1.
soever. [kAkoyl'îba] KaKiOH-jiHSo pron indef -a9i-Jiii6o, -6e-jm6o,
KaMeHH|biH [kam^mnty] a stone (attr); 2. fig hard,
stony, relentless;
He-;iH6o=KaK6H-HH6yAb 1. <> ~oe cepAUe a heart of KaK|6H-HH6yAb [kAkoynî- stone; ~biH yrojib coal. KaMeHiu,HK [kam^m^sh^:ik, but^, -d^] pron indef -an-HH6yAb, -6e-HH6yAb, -He-HH6yAb -g] m -a, -ob mason, brickany, layer. 1. some, some kind of; KaMJeHb [kamîn^] m -hh, any kind of {in inter or neg
sentences); 2. (with numerals)
col (only)
pi -HH, -Heft
TomiJibHbift
2.
1.
stone,
rock;
-HH6yAb some twenty roubles. KaK|6H-T0 [kAkoyta]

indef
-aa-xo,
-6e-T0,
about, some; ~Hepy6jieH flBaAUaTb
eHb whetstone;
stones;
pi
med
<>
CHb npeTKHoeeHHfl stum-
pron
-ne-TO
some, a; 2. a kind of; 1. something like. KaK-TO [kakta] I adv 1. 1. cell, chamber; ~a xpaneindef somehow, in someway; HHH (pyHHoro) 6ara>Ka cloak2. of time once, one day; 3. -room {at a railway station); inter & rel how; ~- ero npH- TiopeMHan ~a cell, ward; 2. MyT? I wonder how they will inner tube {of an automobile take him, I wonder what tyre); bladder {of a ball); 3. photo camera. welcome he will get; KaMnaHH|5i [kAmpanîya] / II as a particle {before enu-H, -H campaign, drive; h3meration) col that is. ~-h election KajieKJa [kAPeka] m Sc f SHpaxejibHaH -H, ~ cripple, maimed per- campaign.
.
bling-block; KpaeyrojibHbiH --CHb corner-stone; np66HbiHi ~eHb touchstone. KaMcpja [kamîra] / -bi, -'
son. KajieHAapjb [kalî^ndar^] -H, -efl calendar; HacTOJibHuft ~b loose-leaf calendar; oipuBHOH ~b tear-off calendar. KajiMTJKa [kApitka] / -kh, -OK wicket {in a gate or
KaM4)ap|a
[kamfAra]
-bi
camphor.
KaMbiui [kAmish, -zh] -a, pi -H, -eft can, rush, reed.
KaHaBJa [kAnava]
/ -bi,
fence).
KajibcoHlbi [kAPsoni]
pi
drawers, underpants.
ditch; cTOMHaa ~a gutter. Kanaji [kAnal] -a, -ob 1. canai; channel {also fig); opocHTejibHbiH irrigation can3l; 2. bore {of the gun
KaM6oAHieu
[kambAdzhf-
barrel).

tsiya]
165
Kap
[k^ngPizaKaHajiH3au,H|$i / -H sewerage, sewer-
age system,
Kanax
-OB rope,
[kAnat,
cable.
-d]
-a^
2. master, captain {of a ship); 3. sport captain (of a team). KanHxyjiHpioeaxb [kapîtulîravat^] perf & imperf -yio,
ficer);
KaHAHAar [kan^dîdat,
-d]
-yeuib,
-Obaji,
imp
-yft
ca-
-a,
-OB
1.
MJieHbi
Knee
candidate; -^ b probation mem-
pitulate, surrender.
KanHxyjiflu,H|$i
[kapîtuPa-
ber of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; 2.: HayK Candidate of Science degree); xh(a scientific
tsiya] / -H capitulation, sur-
render.
Kan|jifl
-JIH,
-ejib
1.
[kapPa] / drop {of

a
bit,
-jih, pi liquid);
MHqeCKHX
u m.
n.]
HayK Candidate
[4)HJI0JI0rHêCKHX of
2.
fig
col
little;
Chemistry [Philology, etc]. KaHAHAarypla [k8n^dîdAcandidature; / -bi, ~ candidacy. KaHHKyjibi [kAnîkuli] pi KaHHKyJi vacation, holidays. KaHHTeji|b [kanîtêl^] / -h col tedious and long business; waste of time. KanyH [kAnun] m -a eve; B -- on the eve {of).
tura]
HH ~JIH to be a
He HcnyraxbCH
bit frightened; 3.
not
med
VS
pi drops; <> nocjieAHjiH jiji the last straw; noxo^H KaK abc jih BOAbi as like as two peas; ^jiH B poT He 6paxb never
touch wine.
-OB
Kanpiis [kAprîs, whim, caprice.
-z]
-a,
[kantsi^lâKaHiêjiflpH|5i rîya] / -h, -h seal and cor-
respondence office. Kanjaxb [kapat^]

-acT
drip,
KanpH3H|biH [kAprîznty] a sh f KanpHsen, -a, -o, -bi capricious {also fig). KanpoH [kApron] m -a kapron {a kind of synthetic material)
.
imperf
fall
dribble,
in
drops. KanHxaji [kap^'ital] m -a, -OB econ capital. KanHxajiHSM [kspîtAlîzm] m -a capitalism.
[kApusta] / -bi cabbage(s); KHCJiafl/KBameHaH ~a sauerkraut; uBexHan --a cauliflower. KapaKyji|b [kArakuP] -h astrakhan.
Kanycx|a
KanHxajiHcxHHecKlHH
[ka-
KapaHAaiu [karAndash, -zh]
pîtaPis^tîchîskîy] a -an, -oe, -He capitalist(ic). KanHxajibHbiH [kapîtaPniy] a capital {repairs, construction, etc); TpyA funda-
mental work. KanHxaH [kapîtan]

-OB
1.
-a,
captain (a military
of-
pencil {for writing); coloured pencil; XHMHqecKHH -^ ink pencil; npocxoft lead pencil. -h, Kapac|b [kAras^, -z^] -efi crucian (carp). imperf Kapajxb [kArat^] [pakA-K), -euib, nojKapaxb
-a, -efl
UBexHOH
Kap
166
KapTHHlKa
[kArtînka]
/
rat^] perf punish, inflict penalty on. Kapayji [karAul] I -a, -ob
-KH, -OK (small)
peBOAHbie
~KH
picture; netransfers.
guard, watch; II as an int help! KapayjilHTb [karAuPit^] imperf

1.
-K),
-HUJb,
guard, keep
col
-HJi, imp -h watch over;
2.
watch
for,
lie in
wait
KapTOH [kArton] m -a pasteboard, cardboard. KapT64)eji|b [kArtofîP] m -H potatoes; potato plant. KapT04|Ka [kartach^ks] / -KH, -CK card (a piece of paper
or
for.
-bi, [kArêts] Kap6T|a / ~ coach (a kind of carriage)', <> --a cKopoH noMOiAH ambulance (car). KapHKarypla [karîkAtura]
thin pasteboard);
(|)o-
Torpa4)HqecKaH ~Ka photograph. KaprouiKla [kArtoshks] /

-H co/=KapT64Dejib.
Kapbep|a
career {1) in
sion).
-bi,
caricature, cartoon.
-g]
KapjiHK [karlîk,
-OB dwarf,
m
-a,
[kAr^yers] / -bi life; 2) a profes-
-a,
pigmy. KapMaH [kArman]
KacaJTbcfl [kAsattja] imperf
-ob
-K)Cb,
-euibCH,
-jicH,
-jiacb,
pocket (m a suit, etc); <> 3T0 eMy He no ~y col it afford. is more than he can KapHaBaji [karnAval] m -a,
-08 carnival. Kapn [karp, -b] carp {an edible
fish).
KOCH}yTbCSl [kAsnuttja] perf -ycb, -embCH,

-HCH, -HTCCb,
imp
-yjiCH,
1.
-yjiacb,
-lixecb
touch
etc); 3.
to;
imp -HCb, {with a fin{upon
ger, etc); 2. fig touch
-a,
-ob
a matter,
affect,
freshwater
apply
it
fig concern, sto ero ne
KapTJa [karts] / -u, ~ 1. geog map; MopcKan ~a sea

chart;
ji6;i,a
2.
(playing-)card; ko-
pack of cards; craBHTb Ha ~y stake <> {one's all, etc); pacKpbiTb cboh ed. Kacc|a [kasss] / -bi, I. ~bi show one's hand; ero cash-box, till; pay-desk, a 6MTa his game is up. KapraeiHTb [kArtavît^] im- cashier's desk; SHJieiHaH -a xeaTpajibHan perf -jiK), -HUJb, p -Hji, imp booking-office;
-~
does not concern Koro sto --excH him; xe, those concerned; HTO ~eTCfl as to, as concerns; HTO ~eTCJi MCHfl as to me, as far as I'm concern-
~eTCH
-h burr.
[kArtîna] / -bi, '- 1. picture, painting, canvas; 2. fig picture; laKOBa is the picture; '-a such 3. theat scene (a part of an
act).
KapTMHla
-~a box-office; ticket-agency; cash, receipts; 3.: c6eperaTCJibHaH -a savings-bank;

2.
~a
B3aHMon6Mou;H
[kAs^'sîr]
mutual
benefit fund.
KaccMp
cashier.
-a,
-ob

KacTpK).Fi|fl
-H,
167
Kan
[kAstrûPa]
/
-a,
pan, stew-pan. Karajior [katAlok, -g] m -OB catalogue.

-b pot^
-Hxecb, noJKaxHxbCJi [pakAtîttsa] perf a concrete movement in a definite direction

[cf KaxaxbCH ball, etc).
1]
roll
{of
[katAstrofa] / -bi, catastrophe, disaster; ejie3Ho;i,op6HCHaH --a railway accident. [kAtat^] imperf KaxjaTb -aio, -aeuib [cf KaxKib] 1. roll (smth along); wheel (a barrow, etc); 2. take for a drive /
KaTacTp6(j)|a
KaxjOK [kAtok, -g] -Ka, -KOB 1. skating-rink; 2. technol steam-roller. KaxyiuJKa [kAtushka] / -kh, -CK 1. reel, bobbin, spool; 2. electr coil, bobbin; HH;^yK^HOHHan ~Ka induction coil.
ride.
KaynyK
-a
[kauchûk,
-g]
KaxlaTbCJi [k A tattja 1 /m per/

-aiocb,
1.
-aeiiibCH
[cf
KaxHTbCH]
2. roll
(India)rubber; cHHxexHqeCKHH synthetic rubber.
roll {of
a ball,
etc);
{over and over); 3.: - axbCH MaiiiHHe have a ride (in axbCH na jio^Ke a car); boat, go boating; âxbCH Ha
Ka4)e [kAfe] n indecl cafe, coffee-house, ' -KOH^HxepCKaH
Ha
tea-room.
Ka(|)eflpla
1.
[kafîdra]
/
2.
-bi,
rostrum, pulpit;
at
de-
KOHbKax go skating; -âxbCH BepxoM ride on horseback;

Ha BeJiocHneê bicyride on a bicycle; <> KaK cbip B Macjie -axbcsi col live in clover. KaxeropHHecKJHH [katîgAr^'ichîskîy] a -an, -oe, -He categorical, absolute; --hh oxKaa flat refusal. KaxeropHJH [katî^gdrîya]
'-axbCH
cle,
{of law, philology, etc); a university, chair {at a university, etc). Kanjaxb [kAchât^] imperf -aio, -aemb, KaHH|yxb [kAch'*nut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -H 1. rock, swing, sway; 2. impers: JiojxKy aex the boat is rolling (and pitching); ero ajio h3 cxopoHbi e cxoetc,
partment
/ -H,
-ft
category.
Kdxep [k^t''ir] -a, pi -a, -OB launch, motor boat. Kax|iixb [kAtît^J imperf Kaiy, K^XHUJb, p -Hji, imp -h,
reeling; 3. {no perf) pump {water, etc)\ <^ ~axb rojioBOH shake one's
pOHy he was
head.
KaHJdxbCH [kAch^'attja] im-aeiiibCH, -aiocb, perf [kAch^nuttja] H|yxbcsi
Kan-
noJKaxHxb [pakAtît^] perf perf a concrete action, movement -ycb, -embCH, p -yjicH, -yjiacb, in a definite direction [cf Ka- imp -Hxecb 1. rock, -HCb, xaxb 1] roll {smth along); swing; 2. reel, stagger. wheel (a barrow, etc). KanejilH [kAchêlî] pi -en KaxjiixbCfl [kAtîttja] im- swing {a hanging seat). Ka^ycb, KaxHuibCH, [kachîstva] n perf KaHecxBJo p
-HJiCH,
-HJiacb,
imp
-HCb,
-a,
quality
U)
philos;
Ka4
2) high,
168
2.
low, etc); nepexojii KOJiHîecTBa B -~-o philos tran-
sition from quantity to quality;
ified, skilled, expert; skilled labour. KBapraji [kvArtal]
xpyA
-ob
-a,
<> B
~e
in the capacity {of).
block {in a city); ter {of a year).

1.
quar-
KEHHyTb see KaâTb 1,2. KaMHyxbcn see KaâxbCH. Kany [kAchû] see KaiHib. Kanycb [kAchûs^, -z^] see
KaTHTbCH
[kasha] / -h, Kauj|a (cooked) cereal, porridge, gruel; MaHHan -~a semolina; obCHHan a oatmeal; <>- caM aaeapHJi ~y, caM h pacxjie6biBaH col you made the broth, now sup it. Kauijejib [kashal^] m -jih cough. KaiujiMHyTb see KamjiHib. KauiJijnTb [kashPat^] imperf -HK), -Heuib, KauiJiJiH|yTb [kashp9nut^] perf -y, -eiiib, p -yji, imp -H cough; have a cough; perf also give a cough. KauiHe [kAshne] n indecl muffler, scarf.
KBapTHp|a [kvArtîra] / ^bi, flat, apartment. KBac [kvas, -z] m -a kvass {a kind of brewed soft drink). KBepxy [kv^'erkhu] adv up,
upward(s).
/ -H,
KBHTaHi;H|fl [kvîtantsiya] -H receipt {a document);
6ara}KHaH ~H luggage /baggage ticket. KCAp [kêdr] m -a, -ob cedar.
KeM [kêm] instr of kto. KenJKa [kêpka] / -kh, -ok

cap {vi sored). KepocMH [kîrASîn]
kerosene. KCTJa [kêta] /
-bi
-a
Siberian
-a kefir
salmon.
Ke(J)Hp [kî^fîr]
tion).
{made from milk by fermentaKHBJArb

-aio,
-aeiiJb,
KaiuraH [kAshtan] m -a, -OB chestnut; chestnut-tree. KaK)T|a [kAyuta] -bi, / /^ naut cabin; state-room. Keaflpar [kvAdrat, -d] m -a, -OB 1. square (a figure); math the second power; 2. B03BecTH B ~ raise to the second power. KBaAparHbiH [kvAdratniy] a square {in shape). KBajiM{j)HKauHJJi [kvaPifîkatsiy.9]
/ -H,
[kîvat^]
imperf
[kîv,
KHBHJyTb
nut^] perf -y, -euib,

-H
2.
1.
imp nod {in agreement etc); motion {with the head in

-yji,
some direction). KKA|aTb [k^'idat^] imperf -aio, -êiiib, KHHlyxb [kînut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -b
throw, cast, fling; <> -âxb )Kpe6HH cast
lots.
-H
qualifica-
tion, skill;
npoHSBOACTBeHHaH
[kîd^ttja] imKHAJ^Tbcti -aiocb, -aeuibCH, khperf H|yTbCJi [kînuttja] perf -ycb,
~fi professional skill. -eiubcfi, p -yjicH, -yjiacb, imp KBajIH4}HUHpOBaHHbIH [kV9- -bCH, -bxecb 1. {no perf): lîfîtj+ravannty] a [pa\ qual-, ---aTfaCJi HCM-Ji. throw /fling/
169
KHUI
smb); imp -H, BciKHnflTtiTb [fskîoneself {at pMn^ft^J perf boil {water, neck, etc); etc). KHHJlTlHTbCH -~aTbCH H3 CTOpOHbl B CTOpO[kîp'i^t^lHy rush from side to side; ttsa] imperf KHnaqycb, -Huib--aTbCH B peKy plunge into CH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb, imp -HCb, the river; KHHyTbCH 6eH<aTb -HTecb 1. boil {of water, etc); rush off; KHHyTbCH KOMy-Ji. 2. fig col get excited. KHnflT|6K [kîpî^tok, -g] Ha noMomb rush to smb's aid. -Ka boiling water. KHJiorp^MM [kîlAgram] KHprH3 [kîrgîs, -z] -a, -a, -03 kilogram(me). -OB Kirghiz. KHJioMCTp [kîlAmêtr] KHprHscKJHJi [kîrgîsskîy] -a, -OB kilometre. KHJibK|a [kîPka] / -h, pi a -an, -oe, -He Kirghiz. KHpnH4 [k^'irpîch'', -j^] KHJieK sprat; pi spiced -H, -a, -eft brick {used in buildsprats {tinned). KHHO [kîno] n Indecl 1. ing, etc). KHcejijb [kîsêP] -h cinema, picture palace; 2. cinema, motion pictures; 3By- kissel, thin jelly. KHCjiopofl [kîsUrot, -d} KOBoe - sound-films. element of -a oxygen. KHHO... first KHCJioTJa [kîsUta] / -w, compounds pertaining to 'cinema Vmotion pictures', 'films': KHCJioT 1. sourness, acidity; KHHO(})ecTHBaJib [kînaPis^t^l- 2. chem acid. KHCji|biH [kîsliy] a sh f vaP] film festival; KHHOceaHC [k^lnas'îâns, -z] (cine- KHceji, -a, -o, -bi acid, sour
shy smth {stones,
etc, at
2.
throw /fling smb, on smb's
m m m
ma) show.
KHHyTb
see
{also fig).
KHHyTbCfi
KHâTb. see KHAaTbCH
KHCT|b[kîs^t^, -z^d^] f
2.
-H,
pi
-H,
-eft
1.
hand
{of
the
KHOCK [kîosk, -zg] -a, -03 stall, stand, booth, kiosk;

raseTHbiH
KHn|eTb
-nib,
[kîpêt^]
news-stand. imperf
-eji,
arm); 2. bot cluster, bunch grapes, etc); 3. brush {of {used in painting); 4. tassel. KHT [kît, -d] -a, -6b
-Hiub,
imp
-h
whale.
KHTilei; [k^'itaygts, -dz] -Hua, -HueB Chinese. KHTaHCK|HH [kîtayskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Chinese. KHTaflHlKa [kîtAyanka] / -OK Chinese woman; -KH,
seethe, boil {also fig); khnexb 3ji66oH boil with hatred;
pa66Ta
full
^ht
work
is
in
swing.
[kîprîdt, -d] -OB Cypriot. KHnpcKJHH [kîprskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Cyprian. [kîpî^t'it^] KHnflTJHTb
-a,
KHnpHOT
Chinese girl. KHUieHHHK [k^'ishech^nîk, bo.vels, -g] m -a, -ob anat

intestines.
imperf KHnnqy,
-Huib,
-h;i,
KHIU
170
"
-OK
2.
KHuilKa [kîshka] / -kh, intestine; 1. anat gut hose {for water).

KjiaA^Hiuje
[kladbîsli^'.a]
base
-a, -n yard.
cemetery,
grave-
[kladAvaya] / pantry; store-room, lumber-room.

KJiaAOB[afl
-bix
oneself on smth; ~CTb flHua lay eggs. KjieBajTb [kPi^vat**] imperf KJIIOK), KJHOeUIb, p -Jl, imp KJiioH, KJiK)H|yTb [klûnuf*] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -h 1. peak; 2. bite {of
fish);
-OH,
larder,
KJiaHJHTbCfl [klanâttjg] im-
perf -HKDCb, -HeuibCJi, noKJio-HJHTbcsi [pakUnîttja] perf -K)Cb, nOKJTOHHUIbCH, p -HJICH, -Hxecb 1. -HJiacb, imp -HCb, bow {in respect, recognition, one's respects / etc); 2. send
<> ~Tb HocoM col nod, be drowsy; y Hero flener nypw He KJiK)K)T col he is rolling
in
-a,
money,
OT
compliments; ^-HHTecb hm MCHH remember me to them. p -JI, imp KJiesemH, HaiKJieKJianaH [klapan] m -a, -ob Bexaxb [naklîvî^tat^] perf slander, calumniate, 1. 'technol, anat valve; 2. flap [kPi^yonka] KjieeHJKa {of a pocket). f
Kjiacc
1.
KJiCBcp [klêvîr] -a, pi -6b clover. KJieBeTJa [kPivî^ta] / -m slander, calumny, libel, KJieBexalxb [kPiv'î^tat^J imperf KjieBemy, KjieBemeiiib,
[klas,
-z]
-a,
-ob
-KH,
-K),
class
etc;
{1)
sion,
2.
a group, divi2) a social group);
K.iielHXb
-Hiiib,
-OK oilcloth. [kl^'eif]
imperf
-ft
-HJi,
imp
glue;
(-ra)
class-room.
paste.
KJielfl
[klAsîchîKjiaccHHecK|Hfl skîy] a -an, -oe, -He classic(al).
[kPey]
{for
-a
glue; paste gether).
sticking to-
[klass9viy] a KJiaccoBbiH class {consciousness, struggle, differences, etc), [klas^'t^] imperf KJialcTb
-fly,
[kl'i^ymît*'] KJieHMJHxb imperf -Jiib, -HUJb, p -hji, imp
-fleujb,
-ji,
Kjiajia,
imp
-hji,
[zaklî^yperf 1. stamp, mark, brand; 2. fig brand, stigma-H,

m^'it'']
sa'.KJieHMHXb
-flH,
nojioKlMTb
-y,
[palAzhtt**]
tize.
perf
nojioHcnmb,
1.
kjichmIo
pi
imp
place; ~cTb Ha MecTO put in place;

-H
put,
lay,
KjieftMa,
[kl*'i^ym6] n -a, '-, KJieHMaM
stamp,
mark,
--CTb HTO-ji. ce6e Ha xapejiKy help oneself to smth {at taCTb Hory Ha Hory cross ble); one's legs; 2. lay {bricks, the foundation, etc); ~CTb HTO-Jl. B OCHOSy <>
pHMHoe
Kjien
brand; 4)a6trade mark.
[kPon]
-a,
-ob
maple(-treeV
KJiexJKa [Kl^'etka] / -kh, -ok cage {for birds and animals); 2 check {on cloth);
1.

square
cell.
171
KjiibKB|a
KHO
{on
paper);
3.
biol
[kPukva]
-u
cranberry.
KJiioHyTb see KjiesaTb.
KJiioH
-a, 2.
-eft
I
KJi6m|H [klêsh^:i] pi -eft technol pincers, nippers, tongs. KJiHeHT [kPient, -d] -a, -OB client, customer.
[klûch^,
-j^]
1.
key
{to
3.
a lock);
technol
-j^]
KJiu3M|a
[klîzma]
clyster.
-u,
fig key, clue; span;ier, wrench.

KJiK)H
-a,
-'?ft
enema,
II
[kPuch^,
KJiHMax [klîmat, -d] m -a climate. KjiHH [kPin] m -a, pi -lh, -beB wedge; ~0M BblUlHdaiOT <> like cures like. KJiHHHK|a [klînîka] / -h, '- clinic, hospital.
spring {of water); <> fiiTb OM spout, jet.

KJiKJK)
[kPuyu],
-zh]
Kjiioeiiib
[kPuy6sh,
see KJieBaib.
KJion [klop,
-b]
-a,
-6b
(bed-)bug.
KJioyH
[kl6un]
-a,
-ob
KJiKc|a [kPaksa] / -bi, blot (of ink). KjiH|cTbCH [kPastjg] imperf -Hycb, -HeuibCH, p -ncn, -jiacb, imp -HHCb, -HHiecb, noiKJiflCTbcsi [pAkl^^st9] perf swear, vow; cibCH b sep-
clown.
kjio4|6k -Ka, -KOB
etc);
2.
1.
HOCTH
[klAchôk, -g] scrap {of paper,
vow
fidelity.
KJiflTB|a
[kPatva]
oath;
-bi,
vow,
KHHrja
jiomaasi
/
~a
KJiyS
-bi,
a literary, scientific, etc, work; 2) a part of such; {of dust). KJiy6 II [klup, -b] m -a, 3) for keeping accounts, redyxrajiTepcKaH pi -bi, -OB club {1) an organ- cords, etc); ization; 2) the premises of -a ledger.
{1)
{of land). [klup, -b] -a, pi -OB puff {of smoke); cloud
I
patch
perjury.
[knîga]
-h,
book
such).
KJiy6HHK|a [klubnîka] / -h garden strawberry. Kjiy6|6K [klubok, -g] -Ka, -KOB 1. ball {of thread or yarn); 2. fig tangle; ceepHyTbca ~k6m roll <> oneself up into a ball. KJiyM6|a [klumba] / -bi, -- (flower)bed.
-CK
KHHKJKa [knîshka] / book {1) a literary,

etc,
-kh,
sci-
entific,
notes,
for records, etc; 3) of bus,
work;
2)
etc, tickets);
sanHCHan --Ka HjieHCKan notebook, diary; Ka membership card. KUHMHuPi [knîzhniy] a 1.

book
stract.
{attr);
2.
book-cover;
nepenJiex bookish, ab-
KJibiK [kllk, -g]
-a,
-6b
t.
canine (tooth); 2. fang; tusk. KJiiOB [kPuf, -v] m -a, -ob beak, bill.
Kjiioft
[kPuy]
see
KJiesaTb.
KHM3y [knîzu] adv down, downward(s). KHdn'iKa [kn6pka]/-KH, -ok 1. drawing-pin; US thumb
KHy
press-stud; -tack; 2. snap-fastener; 3. electr
ton;
US
172
KOFAa-TO
once,
at
butcol
<> HajKaxb (he) Bce pull the wires. KHyr [knut, -d]
kh
-a,
-6b
whip, lash. KTO. Ko see K, KorjOTb [kogat^, -d^] m -th, KoSypja [kabura] / -u, kopi -TH, -reft claw, talon; 6yp holster. KOB^pHjbifi [kAvarnty] ash <> noKasbiBaTb cboh ~th f KOBapeH, -a, -o, -bi insidi- show one's teeth. KOAeKc [kodeks, -gz] m -a, ous, perfidious, crafty. KOBa|Tb [kAvat^] imperf -OB code {!) of laws; 2) of
^
[kAgdata] adv one time, formerly; 2. in the future; -^ OH eme npHAex! but when will he come!, it'll be a long time before he comes! Koro [kAvo] ace & gen of
1.
KyK), Kyeiiib,
-Ji,
imp
Kyft,
rules,
principles, etc).
noAiKOBaTb
1.
2.:
[patkAvat^] perf {no perf) forge {also fig); -~Tb jiomaAb shoe a horse;
Koe-rAe [koyagdê] adv here
<0> Kyft ejie30, noKa ropHHO prov strike while the iron is
and there. Koe-KaK [koyakak, -g] adv 1. carelessly, anyhow; 2. with

difficulty.
hot.
[kAvôr] m KOBlep -poB carpet, rug. KOBiu [kofsh, -vzh]

-eft 1. dipper, ladle; nol scoop, bucket.
-pa,
Koe-KaKloH pron indef -an,
[koyakAkoy]
-6e,
-rie
1.
some,
-a,
certain; 2. some, little; pi also a few.
2.
tech-
Koe-KJTO
indef
-oro,
adv 1. inoh npHwhen will he come?; flCT? H He 3HK), OH npHACT I don't know when he will come; 2.: b "cySfiory, ~ B BOCKpeceHbe sometimes on Saturday, sometimes on Sunter
KorAa [kAgda] & rel when;
Koe somebody. Koe-KyAa [koyakuda] adv somewhere, to some place.

koc-hIto
indef -ero,
[koyakto] pron -OMy, -oro, -cm, KOM some people;
[koyashto]
-eiviy, -to,
-eM,
pron Koe
day;
o qe.M something; a little. K6|a [kozha] / -h, -1. skin {of the body, fruit,
etc);
when; as; while; whenever; ~ 6bi Bbi HH no3BOHHJiH... whenever you rang me up...; ecTb ~! col no time for it! Korfla-jiH6o [kAgdaPiba],
II cj
of time 6bi HH
2.
leather;
--a na KOCTH col a bag of bones; hs ~h boh jiesxb lay oneself out. col KowaHbiH [kozhaniy] a
leather.
KOFAa-HHSyflb [kAgdanîbut'', -d''] adv some time, some day; ever {in inter sentences).
Kosja [kAza] / -b'l, pi kosh,. KosaM goat {an animal}i

,
she-goat.
173
KOJl
I
KOJl
-Jia, -jiob Kosjeji [kAz^6l] he-goat; <C> ~eji oxnymeHHJi co/ scapegoat. KoflKJa [koylo] / -h, kock berth; 2. bed 1. cot, bunk,
1.
rut;
en [kaPi'^ya] / -en, -eft 2. (railway) track;

settle
<>
BOHTH B ~eK)
H3
down;
BbiSHTb
tain)
.
~eH
{make smb insecure
unsettle or uncer-
{in hospital).
KOKJiibui
-a
[kAkPush,
-zh]
-a
KOJiHHecTB|o [kAPicH'istva] n -a quantity, amount; (the)
(w)hooping-cough. KOKC [koks, -gz] m
number.
coke.
KOJijierHajibH|biH
[kalîgî-
K0Ji6ac|a [k^lbAs5] / -m, pi K0Ji6acbi, K0Ji6ac, K0Ji6acaM
arniy] a sH
a,
-o,
-bi
f KOJiJierndJieH, collegiate, joint;
sausage; BapeHan [KonêHaH] ~a boiled [smoked] sausage; JiHeepnaH ~a pluck sausage. K0Jie6aHH|e [kalî^banîya]
oe pyKOBOACTBO
leadership.
KOJiJierH|fl -H,
-ft
collective
/
[kAlêg^'iya]
-H,
-H
1.
oscillation,
vi-
^n
board {of a ministry); aABOKaxoB College of
bration; ê MaHTHHKa swing of the pendulum; 2. fluctuation {of temperature, prices, etc)', 3. hesitation, wavering; 6e3 ~H unhesitatingly, without hesitation. [kaPi^battja] KOJieSjaTbCJi
Barristers. KOJiJicKTHB [kalî^ktîf, -v] -OB collective, body; -a, group {of performers); CTyAOH-
qecKHH
student body.
KOJiJiCKTHBRbift [kalî^ktîvniy] a collective, joint; -'
imperf
jieuibCH,
1.
KOJie6,niocb
K0Jie6-ajiacb
-ajiCH,
AoroBOp collective agreement. KOJiJieKUH|ji [kAp^ktjtya] |

-H,
-ft
oscillate, vibrate, vacillate;
collection {of paintings,
2.
fluctuate {of
temperature,
etc).
prices, etc); 3. hesitate, wawithout ver; He K0Jie6jiHCb hesitation, unhesitatingly. KOJieH|o [kAl^^na] n -a, pi
-H, -eft 1.
kneel;
2.
knee; cTaib na '-h no ~o knee-deep;
pl\ MaTb c pe6eHK0M Ha ~5ix mother with a child in her lap; 3. {pi -bH, -bee) Jechnol elbow;
<)v
M6pe no --G
col
KOJioAleu [kAlodîts, dz] draw-well; -ueB well, maxTHbift - eii. pit, shaft. KOJiOKOJi [kolakal] -a, pi -^, -OB bell {of a church, etc). [kalAk61^KOJiOK6jib4HK -a, -ob 1. handchîk, -g] bell, bell; 2. bot bluebell. KOJioHHin [kAlon^lya] / -h, 2. settlement, -ft i. colony;
-ua,
devil-
community.
K0Ji6HH|a [kAlona] /
1.
-bi,
-may-care attitude,
Kojiec|6 [kalî^so] n -a, pi KOJieca, KOJiec, KOJiecaM wheel {of a cart, etc); MaxoBoe
-^
archit
{of
column,
pillar; 2
etc).
column
demonstrators,
^6
KOJioc [kolas, -z]
-a,
pi
fly-wheel.
Kajiocbfl, KOJiocbeB bot ear.
KOJI
174
KOM
II
KOjijoTb
'K>,
1.
[kAlot*']
imperf
KOJieiub,
p
stab;
-oji,
imp
-h
KOManjlla
prick,
2.
impers:
~
3.
4.
[kom] pr of kto. [kAmands] / -bi,

order; 2. m//
1.
command,
y Hero KOJiex b 6oKy he has a stitching pain in the side; kojict prov -<^ npaBAa rjiasa home truths are hard to swallow. koji)6Tb II [kAlot^] imperf Kojieiiib, p -OJI, imp -h, -ib,
party,
detachment,
crew,
crew;
(ship's)
company;
sport team. KOMaHflHp [kamAn^dîr] m -a, -OB 1. commander; 2. mil
commander, commanding
ficer;
of-
captain;
/
leader.
[rasKAlot''] pacjKojiOTb perf crack chop (wood); break,

(nuts).
KOMaHflMpoelKa [kaman^dîrofka]
-KH,
-OK
mission,
business trip.
KOJiyMSHJeu [kalumbîyatj, m -Hua, -HueB Colui;nbian. KOjiyMSHHCKlHH [kslumbîyskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Co-4z]
KOMaHAloeaTb
vat'']
imperf
-yK),
-yfl
[kAmanda-yeuib, p
give or-
-OBaJi,
imp
1.
ders,
in
command, order; 2. be command {of); 3. fig col
lumbian.
KOJixos [kAlkhos, -08 collective farm.
-z]
order about, boss.
-a,
KOM^p [kAmar]
gnat, mosquito.
-OB
-a,
-6b
-a,
KOJix63HHK
-g]
[kAlkhoz^nîk,
collective farmof
-a, -oe
K0M6aHH [kAmbayn] m combine {in farming
or
er (a
member
a collective
mining).
-a,
farm).
KOJixosHbiH [kAJkhozniy] a collective farm (attr). K0jibi;|6 [kAPtjo] n -a, pi KOJibua, Kojieu, KOJibuaM 1.
KOMSaMHep [kAmbaynîr] m -OB combine operator {in

[kambînat,
-d]
farming).
KOMSHHar
ring (a circle); o6pyqaJibHoe --6 engagement ring, wedding-ring; 2. fig ring {of encirclement, etc). [kAlûchîy] a kojik)h|hh -aH, -ee, -ne, sh f ^, -a, -e, aH -H 1. prickly, thorny; npOBOJioKa barbed wire; 2. fig biting. KOJiac|Ka [kAlîska] / -kh, -OK 1. carriage {a horse-drawn vehicle); 2. perambulator, baby carriage. KOM I [kom] -a, pi -bH, bee lump, clod {of earth).
6bigroup TOBoro o6cjiy>KHBaHHH combined service shop, every-day service centre; 2. training centre. [kamb^'inaK0M6HHau,Hlji
-a,
works, -OB 1, of enterprises;
plant;
combinatsiya] / -H, -H 1. tion; 2. (underwear) slip; combinations.

-H,
[kAmêdîya] K0M6jiHlfl -H comedy {also fig);
<> pasbirpweaTb fool.
~k) play the
KOMeHAaHT
-d]
[kamî^ndant,
1.
-a,
-OB
commandant;
175
5H
1.
2.
superintendent, official in
quarters.
-H,
company
ciiarge of
ple;
(attr);
2)
companionship);
2.
KOMHccHOHHbiH [k^mîsîon- AHTb

niy]
I
K)
(1) of peoboc KeM-Ji. col asso-
comrnission
'
MarasHH commission
sfiop
ciate with smb; firm.

/ -H, -H
company,
(selling second-hand goods on commission); II as a noun komhcchohH|bie pi -bix commission

{a
KOMnapTH|n [kompartîya] KOMMyHHCTHqeCKaH (
payment made
KOMMccHJfl
to
smb
for
napTHH) Communist Party. K6Mnac [k6mpas, -z] m -a, -OB compass {for showing direction).
selling goods, etc).
[kAmîsîya]
KOMneHcai^HJH [kampî^nsatsiya] tion.

/
-H,
commission, committee, board; 2.: 6paTb na K) take on commission.

-H,
-H
1.
-H
compensa[kamim-
KOMneKCHploeaTb
pî^n^sîravat^] perf perf -yio, -yeuib, p
komht6t [kamîf'et, -d] m -a, -OB committee, board. KOMM^pHccK uPi [kAmêrchîskîy] a -an, -oe, -He comI
&
-oBaji,
imp
mercial.
KOMMyHJa [kAmuna] commune.
-bi,
KOMMyHajibHJbiH [kamun^l^n*yl a municipal; communal;

--bie
compensate, make up for; indemnify for. KOMnjiCKT [kAmplêkt, -gd] m -a, -OB complete set. KOMnjiHMeHT [kampPimênt, -d] m -a, -OB compliment.
-yfl
KOMnosHTop
npeAnpHHTHH municipal
services;
utilities.
-a
bie
-a,
[ka'mpAzîtar] -OB composer.

-d]
ycjiyrH public
KOMnoT [kAmpot,
-OB stewed fruit.
m
-z]
-a,
KOMMyHH3M [kamunîzmj m communism. KOMMyHHCT [kamunîst, -zd]

communist. KOMMyHHCTHHecKJHH [kamu-a,
KOMnpecc [kAmprês,
-a,
-OB compress.
KOMnpoMeTMp|oBaTb
pramî'-'t^'iravat']
-OB
[kamimperf -yio,
nîs^'t^'ichîskîy]
a -an, -oe, -He communist; --an napTHH

Party,
-yemb, p -oBaji, imp -yfl, c'lKOMnpoMeTHpoeaTb [skampram^'i^tîravat'] perf promise (a person).
com-
Communist
-a,
KOMMyraTop [kamutatar]
-OB
electr
m
-bi,
switchboard;
/
commutator, KOMHarla [komnata]
room {in a house, BaHHan ~a bath-room.

KOMOA [kAmot,
chest of drawers.
-d]
etc);
-a, -ob
[kamprAmîs, compromise; ~ compromise, Ha HATH make a compromise. KOMcoMOJi [kamsAmol] m -a JleRHHCKHii (=BceCOl63HbIH K0MMyHHCTH4eCKHft C0K)3 Mo-z]
KOMnpoMHcc
-a,
-OB
jioAejKH)
Komsomol,
Young
KOMnaHHJfl [kAmpan^'iya] / Commurtist League.
KOM
KOMCoMOJileu
lîts, -d^]
m
-bua, -buee
176
ber of the ber of the
o AByx uax a two-edged mem- weapon. KOHeHHO [kAnêshna] parKomsomol, memYoung Communist enth & part of course, cer-
[k8msAm6-
League, YCL'er. K0MCOM6jibCK|HH mol^skîy] a -an,
[kamsA-oe,
-He
tainly, sure(ly); jâl of course!, you betl; Hex! certainly not!, no fear!
Komsomol
{attr).
KOMy [kAmu] dat
of kto.
tî]
koh6hhoct1h [kAnêch^'nas^pi -eft {sing KOH^HHocTlb

anat extremities. KOH^MHlbifl [kAnêch^niy] a
KGHBefiep [kAnv^y9il
-a,
-h)
OB
tion
technol conveyor, produc-
sh f KOH^qen, -a, -o, -bi 1. filine. KOHBepr [kAn^v^'ert, -d] m nal, last; ~aH cxanuHH terminal, terminus; 2. ultimate, -a, -OB envelope {for letters),
KOHrojiesleu, [kengAlêzîtj,
-d?]
eventual;
-ua,
-ueB
Congo-
lese,
KOHrojie3CK)HH
lesct
[ksngAlês-
skîy] a -an, -oe, He Congo-
--0M HTore in the end. KOHKp^THJbiii [kAnkrêtniy] a sh f KOHKpereH, -a, -o, -bi concrete, specific. KOHKypeHUHiH [kankur^'en<> B
KOHrpecc [kAngrês,
-a,
-z]
-OB congress,
tjiya] / -H competition {business rivalry).
[kAn^d''!KOHflMTepCK|HH I a -aH, -oe, -He: --HH Mara3HH=K0HAHTepcKaH; II as a noun KOHAHTepck| aH / -OH, -HX confectioner's, pastry-cook's^ KOHflyKTop [kAnduktsrj m
KOHKypHploBaxb [kankurîravat'']
-OBaji,
tîrskîy]
imperf
-yio,
-yeuib,
imp
trade, etc);
ity).
compete {in vie {in some qual-yft
KOHKypc [kdnkurs,
-OB competition
tion, prize, etc).
-z]
-a,
{for
a posi-
{on -a, pi -a, -OB conductor a tram, train, etc). KOHlen [kAnêtj, -dz] m -ua, -iioB 1. end {of a rope, book,
2. distance^ way {from one place to another)] B 66a ~ua there and back; both ways; 3. fig death, end; 6e3 ~u,a endless, without end; ao -~ni to the end; B ~ue ~u6b in the end; CBOAMTb ~UbI C -~U,aMH COl make both ends meet; Ha xyflofl ~eu. col if the worst comes to the worst; najiKa
winter, etc);
KOHHbiH [konnty] a 1. horse equestrian; 2. mounted {army, police); 3. horse-drawn; <> ~ saBOfl stud farm. KOHonjilH [kanApl^'a] / -i5
{attr),
bot
hemp.
KOHcepBaropMlfl [kansîrvAconservator^'iya] / -h, -h

toire.
KOHcepBlfai tinned -OB
[kAn^sêrvi]
/
'pi
oBomubie
tal) k.s.
-~bi
canned canned
food;
vege-

m
sis,
177
KOH
KOHcncKT [kAnsp^'ekt, -gd] -a, -OB summary, synopabstract; notes {of a lec[lonstîtu-
rîVAlûtslya] counter-revolution.
ture).
KOHCTHTyu,H|fl
K0HTpa6aHfl{a [kantrAban-bi 1. smuggling; 2. smuggled goods.

da] /
tsiya] / -H, -H constitution (i) pol; 2) physical make-up).
KOHTpaKT
m
-a,
-a,
-OB
[kAntrakt, -gd] contract, agree-
KOHCTpyKUHJin
[kAnstruk-
ment.
[kantrAlôr] -OB controller, comptroller; ticket-collector. K0HTp6ji|b [kAntrol^] -h control supervision; {1) 2) power, authority; 3) means of suoh); 3T0 He noflAaerca --K) it is impossible to ver-
tsiya] / -H, -H 1. design {the relation of parts of a machine); 2. construction, structure. -a, -ob KOHcyji [konsul]
KOHTpojiep
consul.
KOHcyjibCTBlo [konsuPstva] -a, ~ consulate.
KOHcy.ibTau,H|ji [kansuPtatsiya] / -H, -H 1. consultation, advice; 2. consultation
ify
HceHCKan ty centre.
office;
it; TexHHqecKoro OTAeji checking department. K0HTy3H|ji [kAntuzîya] /
materni-
-H, -H confusion, shell-shock, concussion.
KOHcyjibTHploeaTbCH [kansul^tîravattja] imperf -yiocb, -yeiubCH, p -oeajiCH, -OBajiacb,
K0H4)epeHUH)H [kanfî^rênconference -H t*y9] / -H, {a formal meeting).
imp
-yftcH, -yflxecb,
npOiKOH-
cyjibTHpoeaTbCfl [prakansul^tîravattsa] consult perf {smb)\ consult together. KOHxaKT [kAntakt, -gd] m -a, -03 contact {also fig).
K0H4)eT|a [kAnf'eta] / -bi, sweet, sweetmeat; US can-
dy.
vat^]
KOH4)HCK|oBaTb [kanfîskAimperf -yio, perf &
-yeiiib,
-OBaji,
imp
-yfl
con-
KOHTHHCHT
-d]
KOH^jiHKT [kAnfPikt, -gd] m -a, m -a, -OB conflict. mainland. KOHTHHCHTdjibHbiH [kan^tîK0H(j)y3lHTbCfl [kAnfuzîttsa] nî^ntaPniy] a continental. imperf K0H4)y}Kycb, -HUibCH, KOHTOpja [kAntora] / -bi, -~ p -HjiCH, -HJiacb, imp -bCH, office, bureau; ~a cbhsh -bxecb, ciKOH4)y3HTbCfl [skAnfuzîttja] perf be embarrasspost-office. KOHTp... first element of ed, be shy; become embarcompounds denoting opposi- rassed, become shy. tion to what is expressed by KOHiêHTpHploBaTb [kanthe second element: KOHTpMe- tsi^ntr^fravat^] imperf -yio, pbi [kontrmêri] counter-meas- -yeuib, p -OBa;i, imp -yfi, ures; KOHTppeBOjiKDUHH [kontr- ciKOHiêHTpHpoeaTb [skan-
[kstt^tînênt, -OB continent,
fiscate, seize.
KOH
tst^ntr^'iravat^l
trate;
-a,
178
perf concenmil also mass.

1.
~H
-aK),
consumers* co-operative
[kApat^] imperf 1. dig (a hole, dig out {potatoes, etc).
/
-h,
societies.
KOHuepT
-OB
[kAntsert, -d] concert; 2. concerto.
KonjaTb
etc);
-aeuib
2.
KoHHJaTb
perf
-aio,
[kAn^chât^]
-aeiub,
itn-
K6HH|HTb [kon^ch^'it^] perf -y, -huib, p
KoneMK)a [kAp'êyka] KoneeK copeck {the
hun-
-HJi 1. end, finish; 2. graduate from {an educational es-
tablishment); finish (school). KOHH|aTbCfl [kAn^ch^dt1^9] -aeicji, kohhIhtbcsi imperf [kon^chîttja] perf -htch, p
dredth part of the rouble). KonHjilKa [kApîlka] / -kh, -OK money-box. KonHp|oBaTb [kApîravat^]
imperf
-yio,
imp
-yft,
-yemb, p ciKonHpoBaTb
-osaji,
[skA-
end, finish, come to an end, terminate; imperf also be drawing to a

-HJiCH,
-HJiacb
p'^fravat^] 'perf copy, imitate {also fig).
close.
KOHHHTb see KOHâTb. KOHHHTbCH See KOHMaXbCJI.

-eft,
KOH|b [kon^] m -H, pi kohh, -HM 1. horse [an animal);

chess
[kApît^] imperf KonHiub, p -Hji, imp -ft, HaJKonHTb [nakApît^] perf accumulate, amass, hoard; HaKOUHTb onbiT gain experi-jiK),
Kon|HTb
2.
knight; 3. sport vaulting horse; <> flapCHOMy ~H) B 3y6bi He cMOTpax prov never look a gift horse in the mouth. KOHbK|H [kAn^kî] pi -6b -bKa) skates. {sing KOHJeK
ence. KonHJJi [kopîya] / -h, -ft replica, 1. copy, duplicate;

2.
/ -b'l, pi KOneH, KonHbi, -aM shock, stook; --a cena (hay)cock. Konoilb [kopat^, -d^] / -h
col image. KonHJa [kApna]
KOHbKoSeJKleu
zh9t, -4?1 f^ -na
er.
[kan^kAbê-ueB skat-g]
KOHbK [kAn^yak,
(-y)
-a
cognac, brandy. kohk)iii|hh [kAn*ushn*'a]
lampblack. KonT|HTb [kAptît^] imperf Konny, -ftmb, p -hji, imp -ft smoke, cure in smoke; 1. smoke {of an oil lamp, 2.
soot,
etc).
-HH, -eH stable,
mews.
[kAApîrAtîf,
KOonepaTHB
-v]
KonHeHUH [kApchônly] a smoked, smoke-dried, cured,

kippered. Kop|a [kAra^ / -bi {of a tree); 2. crust
earth, etc); rojiOBHoro <>
1,
-a, -OB 1. co-operative society, co-operative; 2. col co-operative store. [kAAp^'i^raKoonepauH|
bark
the
{of
tstya] / -H, -ft 1. co-operation, collaboration; 2. co-operation, association; co-opera-
â
Mosra anat
cortex. Kopa6jilb
-eft
tive system; noTpeCHTejibCKan
[kArabl''] ship, vessel;
-h,

<> cwHraTb CBOH one's boats. KOpajiji [kAral]
coral. Kope|ei;
179
KOp
~H
burn
-ob
perft
perf
noiKopMHrb [pakArmMt^] 1, feed {a baby, a horse,
-a,
[kAr^'eyats, -dz]
3Aecb xopomo KopMHT the fare /food is good here; 2. {no perf) fig keep, support,
etc);
-Hua, -HueB Korean.
provide
<>
for;
KOpeHCK|HH [kArêyskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Korean. KopcHHloH [karî^nnoy] a

native, aboriginal, indigenous; 2. radical, fundamental; -^bie HHTepecbi vital in1.
o6eii;aHHflMH feed with promises.
~HTb
col
Kop66|Ka [kAropka] / -kh, 1. box {of or for matches, etc); 2.: Ka sa^hhh frame
OK
(of a building)!
terests;
<>
~Ka
CKOpocT^H
technol
<> ~6fi 3y6 molar.
gear-box; Hepennaa
KopleHb [kor^m^]
-hh, pi
-HH, -Heft, -HHM root (1) of a plant, etc\ 2) of some matter, trouble, etc\ 3) math & ling); <;> B He radically; basical* ly; yHHHTOJKHTb B ~He eradicate, uproot; Jiec na ~hk) standing timber; CMOTpexb b 'eHb get at the root. K0p3HH|a [kArzîna] / -u, basket.
anat cranium. KopoBJa [kAr6va] / -bi^ -^ cow; AOHHan a milch cow

{also fig).
na
Kop6ji|b [kArol^] king.
m
'
-h,
-eS
KopHA6p
(ksr^'idor]
-a,
Koponla [kArona] f -hi, ^ crown {of a monarch). KopoHlKa [kAronka] / >-kh, -OK crown {for a tooth). [kArotkîy] a KopoTKJHH -an, -oe, -ne, sh f KopoToK
(KOpOTOK), -a, -0 (KOpOTKO, -6),~-H (KopoTKH, -h) 1. short {!) street, hair, etc; 2) legs, etc; 3) life, etc; 4) story, etc);
2.
-OB corridor, passage. KOpiiHHeBbiil [kArîch^n^'i-
viy] a brown. KOpJKa [korka] / -kh, ôk 1. crust {of the bread, etc)\ 2. rind, peel {of fruit, etc)\ ~KH AO ~KH col C> OT from cover to cover. KopM [korm] m -a (^y), pi
prompt and resolute^ sum-
-a,
-OB
1.
forage,
feed,
Ha noAHOJKHOM der; feeding {of grass; 2,

mals).
~y
electr saMbiKaHHe na oh be on Hore c KCM-ji. col terms with smb; fod- friendly try and at pyKH KopoTKH! col
mary;
<>
~oe
short circuit; Sbixb
^ ^
ani-
get
it!
KopoHC [kArochî] comp of KopMld [kArma] / -bi stern KOpOTKHH & corresp adv. Kopnyc [korpus, -z] m -a, {of a boat or ship), KopMJHTb [kArm^'it^] imperf pi -a, -OB 1. {pi -bi, -oB)body KopMHiub, p -Hji, imp {of a man or animal); 2. hull -jiK), -H, HaJKOpMHTb [nakArmît**] {of a ship or tank); 3. build-
KOp
ing; 4.
180
mil corps; 5. technol frame, case. KoppecnoHfleHT [karîspAn^dênt, -d] m -a, -ob correspondent (o/ a newspaper,
etc).
[lorîsKoppecnoHAeHi;Hlji pAn^d^'entstya] / -h, -h 1. mail, correspondence; saKaaHaH ~H registered mail; 2. report (in the pressy K6p4|HTbCJi [korchîttj9] imperf -ycb, -HiubcH, p -hjich, clkopHHTbcji -HJiacb, [sk6rch^'ittsa] perf writhe, squirm. KopuiyH [korshun] m -a, -ob (black) kite (a bird). KOpbiCTH|biH [kArtsnly] a Sh f KOpblCTCH, -a, -O, -bl
CiKocHTb [skAs'ît^] perf squint; imperf also be cross-eyed. K0CMH4ecK|HH [kAs^mîchîskîy] a -an, -oe, -He cosmic, space (attr); Hft kopaSjib spaceship; ~oe npocTpancTBO (cosmic) space,
KOCMOflpoM [kasmAdrom]
-a, -OB
cosmodrome. KocMOHaeT [kasmAnaft, -vd] m -a, -OB sjâceman, cosmonaut.
mercenary,
selfish.
KopbiTlo [kArfta] trough, wash-tub;

<>
-a,
k6cmoc [kosmss, -z] -a space, cosmos. KocHyxbCJi see KacaibCH. KocTjep [kAs^tôr] -pa, -poB fire, bonfire, camp-fire. KOCTOHlKa [kostach^ka] / -KH, -eK 1. dim of KOCTb; 2. stone {in fruit); US pit;
0 nepeMbiBarb
--kh
col
OKaadTbcn y pasdiiTGro ~a^be no better off than
pick to pieces.
KOCTbIJl|b
-eft
[kAsttl'']
-H,
at the start. KOp|b [kor^] / -H measles. Koc|a I [kAsa] / -bi, ace Kocy, pi K6cbi, ~, KocaM plait, tress, braid. KOc|a II [kAsa] / -bi, ace Kocy (-y), pi Kocbi, ^.KocaM scythe; Haiujia --a ua KaMeHb <>
crutch
{used
by
lame
people).
KocTJb [kos^t^, -z^d^] / -H, pi -H, -eft, -HM 1, anat bone; 2. pi dice {in gambling); 3.: cjiOHOBan ^b ivory; <> AG ~eft to the bone / marrow; $i3biK 6e3 --eft col loose tongue.
prov diamond cut diamond. KOCBeHHJbiH [kos^v^mnty] a

indirect {1}
result, tax,
etc;
KGCTioM
clothes).
[kAs^tûm]
-a,
-OB costume, dress;
suit
{of
2) ling); ^bie yjiHKH circumstantial evidence. Koc|HTb I [kAsît**] imperf
KGCUHJKa [kAsfnka]
(triangular) -OK scarf {worn about etc); neckerchief.
/ -kh, kerchief; the head,

-a,
Komy,
KocHiiib,
cut;
2.
-HJi,
imp
perf
-h,
1.
:iK0CHTb
[sk.Asît^]
KOT
<> to
'-'
[kot,
-d]
m
col
-oe
mow,
fig
mow
down.
imperf
-h,
tom-cat;
Hanjiaxaji
KOc|HTb
II
[kAS^'it*']
Kom>^, -Huib,
-HJI,
imp
nothing;
KyniiTb
next --a b
181
~
Party
of
-a,
Kpa
the
-ob
MeuiKe poke.
KOT|eji
1.
buy
pig
in
(Communist
Soviet Union).
[kAtôl]
-jia, -jioB
copper, cauldron;
2.
tech-
Kpa6 [krap, -b] zool crab.
nol boiler.
KOTeH|oK [kAtônak,^ -gl m -Ka, -pi KOTHTa, KOTHT kitten.
KOTJiexja
'-:
[kAtPeta]
-u,
0T6HBHaH
on the <> Ha ~K) r"u6ejiu brink of ruin; h3 ~ji b ii from one end to another; B HauiHX flx in our parts; xBaxHTb qepes ft col K6(J)e [k6f'9] m indecl cof- overdo, lay it too thick. KpaHHc [kr^ynî] adv exfee. HyjKAaxbCH ko(|)6hhhk [kAf'eynîk, -g] tremely; ~ B qeM-ji. need smth badly. m -a, -OB coffee-pot. K6(|)T[a [kofta] / -bi, -- womKpdfiH|HH [kraynîy] a 1. an's jacket, blouse. extreme {!) north, right, etc; K04erap [ksch^'i^gar] m -a, 2) views, measures, etc); ~hh -OB stoker, fireman. AOM cjiesa the last house to KOHeHjerb [kach'i^nêt^] the left; ~hh cpoK dead-line, imperf -e}o, -eQuih, oiKOHeHeTb time limit; the last date; ?.
py6jieHaH KOTOplbiH [kAt6riy] pron 1. inter which; -hh âc? what's b ~-om Macy? the time?; when?, at what time?; 2. rel introducing attributive clauses who; which; KHHra, that; '-'yio OH noiepHji the book (that) he lost.
a cutlet, a rissole.
chop;
KpacBOH [krayi^voy] a regional [cf KpaH 3]. KpiKJa [krazha] / -h, -^ theft, larceny. KpaJH [kray] m -h (-io), pi -H, -en, -HM edge, brim, 1. brink; ~h Tpoxyapa curb; 2. land, country; 3. territory, region {an administrative division);
numb
[Akachî^nêt^] perf (with cold).

KouiejijeK
become
-g]
dire {need, poverty, etc); utter,
uttermost {surprise,
<> B
in
etc);
[kashi^lôk,
~eM
cjiynae at a pinch,
m -bKa, -bKOB purse rying money).

K6m|Ka [koshka]
1.
{for car-
cjiynafi
/ -kh, -en cat (an an/ma/); pussy-cat; 2. technol grapnel, drag.
to at least.
an emergency; na ~hh if the worst comes the worst; no eft Mepe

[kraynas^'t^,
-eft
1.
KpaHH0CT|b
-z^d^] / -H, excessive {an
Kouiy CHTb I. KOuiy CHTb II.
[kAshu]
[kAshu]
see
koko-
extreme
II
see
Knee
[ka-pe-es-es]
abbrev
Aaxb B b {an extreme extremity 2. necessity, danger, etc).
degree); snarun to extremes;
(/)(=KoMMyHHCTH4ecKaH napKpaH I [kran] m -a, -ob THH CoyeTCKoro CoK)3a) CPSU^ tap, cock; US faucet; no>Kap-
Kpa
HbiH
182
sh f
for
~
II
fire-cock;
BOAOpas-a,
66pHbiH
hydrant.
[kran]
KpacHJbiH [krasniy] a KpaceH, -a, -o, -u. red;

<>
KpaH
-ob
/
~biH
yrojioK
room
crane {a machine). KpanHB|a [krApîvaJ

(stinging) nettle. ( KpacaBJeu [krAsavîtj,
-u
-d^]
m
-bi,
-ua, -ueB
handsome man.
/
KpacaBHUja [krAsavîtja]
reading and recreation; --asi cTpoKa new paragraph; ~oe A6peB0 mahogany. KpacoT|a [krasAta] / -h\,pl KpacoTbi, KpacoT, KpacoTaM beauty {of a face, voice, nature, etc).
beauty, beautiful
wom-
an; beautiful girl. KpacHB|bifi [krAsîviy] ash beautiful, -a, -o, -bi f ,
Kpa|cTb
[kras^t^]
imperf
handsome;
ObiecjioBa fine words; fair words. Kpac|HTb [krasît^] imperf

Kpaiiiy,
-ay, -fleiub, p -ji, -jia, imp -AH, yiKpacTb [ukras^t^j perf steal, practice theft. Kpa|cTbC5i [krastsa] imperf
-Aycb, -AeiiibCH, p -JicH, -jiacb, imp -AHCb, -AHxecb steal,

slink,
-HUib,
-Hji,
imp
-b,
sneak.
BbilKpacHTb [vfkrasît^] perf, ojKpacHTb [Akrasît^] perf, noJKpacHTb [pAkrasît^] perf dye; 2. {no perf) 1. paint, adorn, make beautiful. Kpac|HTbcji [krasîttja] imKpamycb, -HiiibCH, perf p
-HJicH,
-Hjiacb,
KpdTKJHH [kratkîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f KpaxoK, -^, -o,

-H
short,
brief,
concise.
KpaxKO [kratka] adv briefly. Kpax [krakh, -gh] m -a 1. crash, bankruptcy; 2. fig
break-up, collapse; <> noxepnexb go bankrupt;
{of plans, etc). KpaxMaji [krAkhmal] starch {powder).
fail
imp
-bCH,
-bxecb, HaJKpacHTbCH [nAkrasîttsa] per/ make oneself up,
-a
use cosmetics. KpacJKa [kraska] / -kh, pi -KH, -OK 1. paint, dye; 2. {mostly pi) colour {also fig); <> crymaxb --kh exaggerate; BOFHaTb B ~Kyco/make smb blush. KpacHldib [krAs^nêt^] imperf -eio, -eeiiib, noiKpacHeTb [pakrAs^nêt^] perf 1. redden, grow red; flush, blush; 2. (no perf) blush {for), be
KpaxMaji( HXb [ krAkhmalît^] imperf -lo, -Huib, p -hji, imp [nakrAkh-b, HaiKpaxMajiHXb malîtî perf starch.
[krî^dît, -d] -OB fin credit. Kpeficep [krêysîr] -a, -OB cruiser {a warship). KpeM [krêm] -a, -oe cream {1} a sweet food', 2) a cosmetic). KpewaxopHJH [krîmAtor^'iy] -H, -eB crematorium. -n, -eft KpeMjilb [kr'êm!^] 1. kremlin {in old Russia,
-a,
KpcAMx
ashamed
{for).
KpacHopeHHB|biH [krasnar^'i^chîviy] a sh f ^, -a, -o, -w eloquent, expressive.
183
~
word in fashion. KpMKHyTb see KpHHaXb.
KpO
MOAbico/ the
the citadel of a city); 2.
(K.)
<>nocjieflHHH
last
the
-H,
Kremlin
pi
-H,
{of
Moscow).
KpeHflejijb
roll.
-eft
[krên^dîP] m knot-shaped
-03,
KpenK|HH [krêpkîy] a -an, -He, sh f KpenoK, -a, -o,
oe firm; SAOpoBbe sound health; oro cjiojKeHHH of sturdy build; ^HH Mopoa hard frost.
-H strong, sturdy,
KpennyTb KpenocT|b
-z^'d^] / -H
see
I
oKpennyTb.
[krêpas^t^,
KpHcxajiJi [krîstal] -a, -OB crystal {a form of substance) KpHTHK [krîtîk, -g] -a, -^ -OB critic; xeaTpajibKbifl art critic. KpHTMKJa [krîtîka] / -h 1. criticism; ne BbiAepJKHBaib ~H be beneath criticism, hold no water; 2. critique.
.
strength (o/ dru^s,

II
KpHTHK|oBaTb
[krît'^lkA-
liquors, etc).
KpenocT|b
-z'^d^]
/
[krêpas^t^, -H, p/ -H, -eft strong-
vat^] imperf -yio, -yemb, -OBaji, imp -VH criticize.
KpHTMHecKJMH
ch^'iskîy]
[krîtî-
hold; mil fortress. Kpenne [krêpchî] comp of KpenKHH Sccorresp adv. Kpecjjio [krêsla] n -Jia, -eji arm-chair, easy chair.
a -an, -He -oe, critical {mind, approach, essay, etc).
KpHTHHeCKiHH
II
[kr^lt^l-
KpecT [krêst, -zd] -OB cross {also fig);
-a,
hcm-ji. [hr <> nocTaoHTb give up smth KOM-ji.] col [smb] as hopeless.
~Ha
KpecTbaH|HH
nîn]
ant.
'^, -a,
-una, pi
[krî^s^t^ya-e, -- peas-
KpHejoH [krîvoy] \ a sh f KpHBO, KpHBbi 1. crook- -eft bedstead, bed. Kp68H|biH [krovniy] a 1. ed, curved, wry; 2. one-eyed; II as a noun k p h b a h / blood {attr) {relatives, etc); -OH, -b'lx math curve, curved 2. fig vital {interests^ etc); line; <> aH MecTb blood feud; ~aji yjibiSKa crooked ~biH Bpar deadly enemy. <>
|
-ne chîskîy] a -an, -oe, critical, crucial. KpHH|aTb [krîchât^] imperf -y, -Hmb, p -aji, imp KpHKH|yTb -H, [krîknut^] psff'-y, -eiub, p -yji, imp -h cry, shout, scream, yell; 1. 2. shout {at smb); 3. call out {to smb). KpoeaTJb [krAvat^] / -h,
smile.
KpOBO...
[krîz^'is,
-z]
first
element
of
KpHSHc
-a,
-OB crisis. KpHK [krîk, -g] -a (-y), -OB 1. cry, shout, yell, scream;
pertaining compounds to 'blood': KpoBOo6pameHHe[kr9VAAbrAsh^'.enîya] circulation

of the blood.
2.
fig-
AyuJH a
cry
from
KpoBOTeHeHH|e
[kravatî-
the heart;
chênîya] n -a med haemor-
KpO
rhage; extravasation;
ing.
bleed-
184
KpOBJb [krof**, -v^] / -H blood {in the body); <> 3T0 y Hero [y nee a tn. d] H it runs in his [her, B etc] blood; - b c mojiokom the very picture of health. KpoJHTb [kvAii^] imperf -k),
-HUJb,
-HJI,
imp
'H, C'iKpOHTb
Kpyr [kruk, -g] -a (-y), pi -H, -OB 1. math circle; 2. fig sphere, range, domain; T0 He BXOAHT B MOHX o6fl3aHHOcTeH this is outside the range of my duties; 3. fig circle {of people); rojioBd HflT --0M col I'm all in a whirl. Kpyrji|bifl [kruglty] a sh f
[skrAit^]
peri
cut
(out)
(a
-a,
-o,
-bi
1.
round
{in
garment). KpoKOAMJi [krakAdîl]

-OB crocodile. KpojiHK [krol^'ik, -g] -OB rabbit.
m m
-a,
shape); 2. whole {year, etc); 3. col perfect, utter, complete.

circular
-a,
KpyroBloH [krugAvoy] {movement, etc);
KpoMe [kromî] prep with <> -aa nopyKa 1) mutual regen used 1. in the 'sense of sponsibility/guarantee; 2) mu*not including', 'apart from'i tual shielding/ saving {from Bce ^ Hero everybody except punishment, etc). Kpyro36p [krugAzdr] m -a he, everybody but he; 2. in the sense of 'in addition to'i mental outlook; hcjiobck c KTO TSM 6biJi -~ Te6H? who uiHpoKHM ÔM broadminded person. was there besides you?; -' Toro besides, in addi<0> KpyroM [krugom] I adv 1. tion, furthermore; ^ uiyTOK round {of turning, etc); 2. around, all round; 3. col joking apart.
KponoTJiHB|biH [krapAtlîviy] a sh f ^, -a, -o, -bi 1. laborious, toilsome; 2. painstaking, laborious. Kpocc [kros, -z] -a, -ob sport cross-country race. Kp6TK|Hft [krotk^'iy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f KpoTOK, -a, -o, -H gentle, meek. KpoiulHTb [kr Ashtt^] /mper/ -y, KpOLUHuib, p -HJI, imp -h, HalKpoiuHTb [nakrAshit^] perf
entirely, wholly; b AOJirax heavily in debt; II prep col with gen denoting movement in a circle about smth round. KpyeBJo [kruzhava] n -a,
-a, -aM^lace, point-lace. Kpy)K|MTbcji [kruzhlttjaj/mperf -ycb, Kpyn^HuibCH (-Hmb,
pi
ch),
-hjich,
-HJiacb,
imp
crumble, crumb.
Kp6u]|Ka [kroshks] / -KH,-eK
1.
&
-^
crumb [of bread, etc); 2. / col little one; darling;'

HH
~KH
not a bit.
-HTecb 1. whirl, spin, go round; 2. circle {of birds, airplanes, etc); <> rojioea Kpy)KHTcsi I feel giddy. Kpy^lKa [krushka] / -kh, -eK mug, tankard,
-HCb,
185
m
hook
KTO
-Ka, KpyjKiOK [kruzhok, -g] -KOB circle, society; hobby group. Kpynja [krupa] / -bi, pi Kpynbi, - groats. KpynHJbifi [krupnty] a sh f
-H
1.
KpK)K [krûk, -g] -a, pi (KpiOHbH), -OB (KpIOMbeB)

{for
hanging heavy
KpyneH,
big;
-a,
-o,
-bi
1.
large,
things on); 2. col detour. KpionloK [krûch^6k, -g] -Ka, -KOB small hook; pbi6ojioBHbiH ~6k fish-hook; bhaajibHbiH
large-scale;
2.
great,
OK
crochet;
sa-
3. prominent, cxernyTb -^6k do up a hook; important; outstanding, major; 4. big, sacxerHyTb Ha ok hook (a dress, etc). tall, well-grown; KcraTH [kstatî] I adv 1. to <> biH pasroBop col high the point, opportunely; oîeHfa words. KpyT|HTb [kfutît^] imperf most welcome; 2. at the Kpyqy, KpyiHiub, p -hji, imp same time, while one is -H turn (a handle, wheel, etc). about it; KpyrjOH [krutoy] ashf ^, 11 parent h by the way, by KpyTo, Kpyibi 1. steep the by. -a, KTO [kto] pron Koro, KOMy, (descent, bank, etc); 2. sudden, abrupt; ôft nepeJioM Koro, KCM, (o) KOM 1. inter drastic change; 3. strict, who; 3TO HAeT? who is it coming?; kopo tm BHAeji? stern, severe; <^ -ÔH KHnsiTOK boiling wa- whom did you see?; KOMy bm ter (just off the fire); ~6e AajiH raaery? whom did you hard-boiled egg; fliiuo ~asi give the newspaper?; 2. rel who; he who; h He 3HaK), Kama thick gruel. Kpyne [kruchî] comp of 3T0 6mji I don't know who KpyTOH & corresp adv. it was; xo^ct hohth na KpymcHHle [krushenîya] n SKCKypCHK), AOJIJKCH BHeCTH -H, -H 1. wreck (of a ship); ABaAuaib KonecK he who crash [of an aircraft); ~e wants to go on an excursion noesfla railway accident; 2. must give twenty copecks;
fig ruin {of one's hopes,

KpbiJi|o
etc).
3.
[krtlo]
-a,
pi
-a,
KpbiJibH, KpbijibeB
wing. KpHjibujo [krtl^tjoj n
pi Kpbijibua, Kpujieu, -a.M porch. Kpbicla [kriS9] / -bi, rat {a rodent). Kpbimla [krisha] / -h, -r roof (of a house, etc). Kpbiui|Ka [krtshka] / -kh, -CK lid, cover.
some sang, some were silent; He noftêT JIH CO MHOH B TeaTp? will someone go to the theatre
neji,
indef col
some
{of people);
MOJiMaji
with me?;
differ;
mto jik)6ht tastes
HH
HH whoever; 6bi whoever comes...; ~ 6bi to hh 6biJi whoever it may be; ~ Koro? who will win?; a oh
<>
6bi
npHiueji...
kT6
jtoJixeH 3T0
3HaTb he should
it,
if
186sh f
-a,
-0,
-bi
curly,
know
anybody
does.
curly-headed.
-a,
kt6-jih6o [ktolîba] pron= KT6-HH6yflb. KT6-HH6yAb [ktonîbut^, -d^] pron indef Kor6-HH6yAb
KysHci; [kuz^nêtj, -dz] -OB (black)smith, ham-g]
mersmith. KysHCHMK [kuz^nêchîk,
somebody, someone; anybody, anyone {in inter sentences). kt6-to [ktota] pron indef Koro-To somebody. Ky6 I [kup, -b] m -a, pi -bi, -OB math cube. Ky6 II [kup, -b] m -a, pi
-bi,
-OB grasshopper, KysoB [kuzaf, -v] -a, pi -a, -OB body {of a car or carriage).
-a,
Kyft
[kuy] see Kosaxb.
KyK|jia
doll
{also
[kukb]
fig);
-jibi,
-oji
-OB
boiler
{for
boiling,
distilling, etc).
KySHHjeu [kubÎnîts, -dz] -ua, -ueB Cuban. KySHHCKJHH [kubînskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Cuban. KySjoK [kubak, -g] m -Ka,
xeaxp ~oji puppet theatre; puppet-i.how. KyKypyaja [kukuruza] / -bi maize; US corn. KyKym|Ka [kukushka] / 'kh, -eK cuckoo.
KyjiaK [kulak,
1.
-g]
-a,
-6b
fist
{a
clenched
hand);
cup. 1. goblet; 2. sport KyeiuiiH [kufshtn] -a, pi -bi, --OB jug, pitcher.
-KOB
2.
Kyjia [kuda]
adv
1.
inter
indef where, which way; OH noexaji? where did he go?;
&
technol cam; col laugh <> CMeHTbcji B in one's sleeve, KyjiHHapH(ji [kuPinarîyaj
-H cookery.
HAex 3T0T aBT66yc? what's
the route of the bus?; roOH yexaji the town pOA, where he has gone; 2.: (6bi) HH wherever {denoting
KyjiHcja [kul^'isa] / -bi, pi ~- {mostly pi) theat wing, side-scene; behind the 3a '-aiMH <>
-bi,
scenes
1.
{of).
KyjibT [kul^t, -d]

cult, worship;
2.
noHAex wherever he goes; 6bi oh HH nomeji wherever he may

direction);
~-
oh hh
-a, -ob fig cult
{of
beauty,
etc);
go;
<> xoTb better!
col
couldn't
be
minister <> cjiy^KHrejib of religious worship. element of KyjibT... first
compounds pertaining
ture':
to 'cul[kiil^'t-
KyAa-JiH6o [kud^lîba], Kyfla-HH6yAb [kudanîbut^, -d^], KyAa-TO [kudata] adv somewhere, to some place. -efl pi KyAp|H [kudrî] curls, curly hair.. [kwdrâvi^] a KyApflBJbiH
KyjibXXOBapbi
for
tAvari] articles needs.
cultural
[kul^tî-
KyjibTHBHp|oBaTb
vîravat''] imperf -yio, -yeiub,
-OBaji,
imp
-yft
cultivate
{also fig).

--
187
Kyc
-d]
KyjibTyp]a [kuPturs] / -bi," 1. culture (1) of a man; 2) of a given people in a given period, etc); 2. agric crop; xexHHqecKHe culture, --bi industrial crops; KOpMOBbie ~bi forage crops. KyjibTypH|biH [kul^turniy] a sh f KyjibxypeH, -a, -o, -bi standard, 1. cultural {level, revolution, etc); 2. cultured {person); agric cultured 3.
{plants).
Kypopx [kurort, -OB health-resort.

Kypc
-bi,
m
-a,
-a,
[kurs,
1.
-z]
pi
{1) of a ship, etc; 2) of lectures; 3) at a university, etc); 2. pi (in-
-OB
course
struction) courses; 3. fin rate

of
exchange;
6bixb B e ;iejia be well-informed (on the matter).
KypcHB
italics,
[kursîf,
-v]
-a
italic type.
Kypc6B(Ka [kursofka] / -kh, kursovka {a sanatorium bathing {cap, suit, etc). voucher entitling to board Kyn|aTb [kupat^] imperf and medical treatment withKynajibHbiH
[kupal^nty]
-OK
-aeuib, BbiKynjarb [vlkupat^] perf -aK), -aeiub, HC;KynaTb [iskupat^] perf bathe, give a bath to. KynjarbCfl [kupattja] imperf
-aio,
-aiocb,
-aeiubCH, BbiKynjaibCfl [vtkupattsa] -aiocb, perf -aeinbCH, HciKynaTbcsi [iskupattja] per/ bathe, go bathing; take a bath. Kyne [kupe] n indecl (sleeping) compartment {on a train)^ Kyn|eu [kupêts, -dz]
-ua, -uoB
out lodging). -kh, KypxJKa [kurtk9] / -OK jacket {a short coat). -a, -ob Kypbep [kur^yer] messenger, courier. imperf Kycajxb [kusat^l -K), -euib bite {of a dog, flea,
etc).
-K)Cb,
KycdlxbC5i [kusattsa] imperf -euibCH bite {with the

-g]
teeth).
KycloK [kusok, -KOB piece, bit;

bread);
-Ka,
tradesman; trader,
lump
{of {of sugar); cake,
slice
merchant. KynHTb see nOKynaxb.

Kynoji [kupal] -a, pi -a, -OB cupola, dome. Kyp|HTb [kurît^] imperf
-K),
bar {of soap);

<> jiaKOMbiM ~6k titbit. -a, -6b Kycx [kust, -zd]
bush, shrub;
<>
cnpHxaxbCM
KypHUJb,
-HJi,
imp
/
-bi,
-H
show the white
b --bi col feather.
^
-g]
smoke
{cigarettes, etc).
KycxapHHK [kustarnîk,
pi
KypH^|a [kurîtja]
m
1.:
-a,
-OB bushes, shrubbery,
Kypbi, Kyp, KypaM hen, chick en;
undergrowth..
KycxapH'ibiH [kustarniy] a bie H3AejiHH handicraft npoMbiceji dobift wares;
KypaM Ha cmcx col enough to make a cat laugh.

<>
KypHocjbiH [kurndsiy] a sh i --, -a, -0, -u snub-nosed.
mestic craft;
amateurish
2. fig primitive, {methods, etc).
'
Kyx
188
KymaJTb [kushat^]
-eiiib
KyxaplKa [kukharka] / -kh, -OK cook. -hh, KyxJHsi [kukhnâ] / -OHb, -HHM 1. kitchen; 2. cooking, cuisine.
Kynja [kuchma] / -h, 1. heap, pile; 2. fig col heap {of), heaps {of). [kushan^ya] n KyuiaH|be -bH, -HH, -bHM food, dish.
-K),
eat
{food);
imperf have,
take {food); -~Tb noAano dinner [supper, etc] is served;
~HTe DHpor have some

please.
pie,
KymeTJKa [kushetka] / -kh, -OK coucn {furniture). Kyib [kuyu], Kyeuib [kuyosh,
-zh] see
KOBaib.
JI
[bbarAtdjiadopaTopHiJi rîya] / -h, -h laboratory. jiaBMHJa [lAVîna] / -bi,
jiajKy,
-Huib,
1]
-HJi
[of
jiesTb
jiafl
climb, clamber.
avalanche
{also fig).
[lafka] -kh, jiaBJKa I / -OK bench {a seat). jiaB|Ka [lafka] / -kh, II -OK (small) shop; US store. jiaep [lavr] -a, -ob bot laurel, bay(-tree); noKHHaib ~bi reap lau-
JiaH bark(ing). [lay] jiaK [lak, -g] -a (-y), pi -H, -OB lacquer, varnish.
jiaKelfi
[Ukêy]
-h, -cb 1. 2.
footman, man-servant;
lackey, flunkey. jiaKHpoBaHHlbifl vanniy] a [pa]
leather. jiaMnja
1.
fig
[bkîrovarnished, lacquered; -an Koma patent
rels;
noHHTb Ha
~ax
rest
-h,
on
pi
one's laurels.
jiarepjb [lagîr^]
-H (-H),
fig);
[lampa]
-bi,
m
~h
lamp;
(electric)
bulb;
-en
(-efl)
camp
c
{also
pacnojiaraxbcH
~eM
break
camp; CHHMaibCH camp.

jiaflHo
[ladna] part col denotconsent, affirmation all right, (very) well, agreed;
ing
US O.K.
;iafl6H|b
[Udon^]
hand). [Ud^'ya]
/ -h,
-h,
-eft
palm
'ii,
{of the
jiaflb|
JiaAefl,
-HM
chess
pi rook,
castle.
jia)Ky [lazhu] see jiasHTb.
AasJHTb
[lazît^]
imperf
valve, tube {in radio, etc); ~a flHeBHoro CBera fluorescent lamp. ji^MnoHJKa [lampach^ka] / -KH, -CK dim of jiaMna 1. ji^HAbiui [landfsh, -zh] -a, -eft lily of the valley. [lAosskîy] jiaoccKJHH a -an, -oe, -ne Laotian. jianja [laps] /. -bi, 1. paw {1) of a bear, wolf, etc; 2) col a human hand); 2. tcchnol claw, dovetail; <> nonacTb b --w k KOMy-ji. col fall into smb's clutches.
2.
<C>

jianiu|a
dles.
189
jiryH [Igun]
jier
[Upsha]
[Urôk,
-ri
noo-
-a,
jieSe^lb
-g]
[Pebît^,
-eft
-6b liar. -d^]

{a
jiapjcK
-H,
pi
-H,
swan
wa-
-bKa, -bKOB stall {for selling things). jidcKJa [laska] / -h 1. caress,
ter-bird).
jieB
jibBbi,
[Pef, -v]
jibBa, pi
endearment;
2.
kind-
jibBOB lion. jieBuijd [Pi*^fsha]

-eft
m &
[lAskat^] imperf 1. caress, fondle; 2. fig caress {of a voice, music, etc).
ness. jiacK|dTb -aio, -êuib
-H,
left-handed person. jieB|biH [P6v*y] a 1. left,
left-hand;
left,
âa
ciopona
left-
-hand side [also

left-wing;
<0>
see <>]; 2. pol
jiacKOBlbiH
[laskaviy] a sh
aa
{of
cTOpoHa the wrong
affection, -a, -o, -bi 1. f ate, tender; 2. fig caressing
{wind, sun, jiacTOH|Ka
etc).
[lastach^ka]
-KH, -eK swallow {a bird); the first <> nepeasi --Ka sign(s). jiaTBHflcK|Hfi [Utvîyskîy] a -aH, -oe, -He Latvian. jiaTyH|b [lAtun^] / -H brass {an alloy). -a, jiaTbim [Utish, -zh] -eft Lett. jiaTUiuicK|HH [Utlshskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Lettish. jiaypeax [laurîât, -d] -a, -OB laureate {of a poet,
a material, clothe BbiBepHyxb Ha yio ctopOHy turn inside out. jier [Pok, -g], jierjia [Pi^gla] p of jie^b; see jio^HTbcn* jierajibHJbiH [lî^gal^niy] a sh f jierajieH, -a, -o, -bi legal {party, methods, etc). jierdHA|a [Pi^g^6nda] / -bi, -- legend. jierKJHe [Pokhkîya] pi -hx {sing jierK|oe n -oro) anat lungs; BocnaJieHHe hx pneuside
etc);
monia.
jiePKlHft
[Pokhkîy] a -an,
jieroK,
(-h)
1.
m
/
-He, sh f jierKH jierKo,

-oe,
JierKa,
artist,
etc);
JleHHHCKOH
light {not heavy); 2. easy {not dif-
npeMHH Lenin prize laureate

winner.
jiaHJTb
jiaer,
ficult);
ân pa66Ta
light,
easy/
slight;
light work; 3.
[layst^]
-ji,
imperf
~Hft
cjiyqaft
4.
mild
light,
case
{of
wanton; bark, bay. companionable, sweet5. Ji6a [Iba], ji6ob [Ibof, -v] -tempered, friendly; rift xasee Jio6. paKxep sweet temper; jiraJTb [Igat^] imperf jiry, <> ~afl axjicTHKa track and jijKeuib, JiryT, p -ji, -jia, Jirafield athletics; y nero aa jio, jirajiH, imp jifh, coji- pyKa col he brings .luck; jier|aTb [sAlgat^] perf -y, coji- roK Ha noMHHe! col talk of Hceiub, -yT, p -aji, -ajia, -ajio, the devil / angel (and he is
-jia,
imp
Jiaft
illness);
'^m, imp
-h lie,
tell lies.
sure
to
appear)!
jier
190
axb
a
B ocHOBe underlie principle, etc); axb cyKHOM be shelved;
jierKOMbicjieHH|biH [lîkhkAa sh f jierKO-0, -bi lightMbicjieH, -a, -minded, fri/olous.

mis''l''inniy]
jierne
II
0
{of noji
[Pekhchî]
comp
flyuia / cepAue ne a distaste, have

{for
~hx
no
feel
liking
of jierKHH
&
corresp adv;
smth
or smb).
{of
etc).
impers predlc it is easier; -~ cKaaaTb, mcm CACJiaxb easier said than done; <> Mac 6t Hacy He ~ col (things are going) from bad to worse; eiviy or axoro He
jie3BH|e
-H
blade
[lêz^vîya] n -h, a knife, for
shaving,
-eiiib,
jiealjb [lês^t^]
imperf -y,
~,
-jia,
imp
-b
he's
jiefl
none
the
-d]
better
Jibfla
concrete movement in a definite direction 1 {cf jiasHXb]
for it.
[IM,
pi
climb {a window, etc);

1.
tree,
through a
interfere,
2.
fig col thrust
(jibAy),
Jibflbi,
JibAOB ice
-g]
oneself
{upon);
{frozen water).
jieflHHK
-a,
[Ped^nîk,
m
m
-OB ice-house; ice-box. jie^HMK [I'î^d^nîk, -g] -a, -OB glacier.
meddle; --xb He b CBoe Aejio poke one's nose into other people's affairs; 3. get {into some place, for burglary, etc)',
4.
fall
out {Of hair);

B jiyuiy col into smb's
[PidAkol] m -OB ice-breaker (a ship).

jie;ioK6ji
1.
-a,
<>
xb KOMy-ji. worm oneself

jiefi
a [l^'idî'^noy] .neflMHJOH icy, glacigl; an cocyjibicicle;

2.
2.
confidence.
[lêy] see jiHXb. jieHK|a [l^'eyka] / -h, jieeK
Ka
ing;
ice-cold, chillicy
fig
{welcome,
watering-pot.
jieftxenaHx
-d]
stare, etc).
jiecK [l^'eyak, -g] see jieftKa.
-a,
[lîytî^nant, -OB lieutenant

officer).
jiejK|aTb
-y,
1.
[lî^zhat^l
imperf {a military
-Hiub,
lie
-aji,
imp
-h
a horisontal posisome place, said of things); --arb b hoct^jih in bed; keep the bed; lie ~aTb B jiHXopaAKe be laid up with fever; âxb b 6ojibHHue be in hospital; 2. lie, be situated {of a town, road,
{in
tion);
be
{in
jieKapcxBlo [lî^karstv9] n -a, m.edicine {a drug). jiCKxop [l^'ektar] -a, -os lecturer {a person who gives
lectures).
jieKUH|fl
[lêktstya]
-h,
-H
lecture.
.len
[lôn]
jibua flax;
-AOJiryneu flax-fibre.
f
lake, etc);
3.
tig
rest
{with
smb, of responsibility, etc); be the duty {of smb); 4. fig weigh heavily {on one's conscimae, etc);
jieHHBJbiH [l^'i^nîviy] a sh -a, -o, -bi lazy.
jieHHHHSM
-a
Leninism
[Pmîn'îzm] {the teaching of
Lmn),
^
jieHHHCKJHH
191
JieT
[Penînskîy]
-asi,
-oe,
-He
Lenin
(attr),
Leninist. jicHlHTbCH [lî^nîttsa] imperf -K)Cb, jieHHUibCH, p -hjiCH, -lijiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb
one pulls one way and the other pulls the other way.
prov
jiec|a [Pi^sa] pi -6b
fold(ing)
tion, etc).
-a,
{used
in
scafconstruc-
be lazy.
jieHTJa
1.
[l'ent9]
-bi,
etc;
ribbon (1) for trimming, 2) a symbol of honour); BHTbCH (hat) band; 2. fig: --0H wind its way {of a river,
etc);
jiecHHK [Pi^s^n'îk, -g] -OB forest-guard, forester. jiecHJOH [Pi^snoy] a forest;
timber;
6e
xoshhctbo
for-
estry; --bie Haca>KAeHHH afforested areas.
road,
3.
technol
tape,
jiecTHHuja
-bi,
[Pes^nîtja]
band {of steel, paper, etc); ryceHH^Han a caterpillar

track; 4.
stairs, staircase;
/ lad-
der {for gQing
up and down;
film {of celluloid, used in cinema). jieHTH|H [Pi^n^tây] m -h, eB col idler, lazy-bones. jieHJb [Pen^] I / -h laziindolence; predic col be {to do smth); euy
II
ness,
(too)
nomeBeJiHTb
he
is
lazy pyKoft too lazy

col
to lift a finger; <> see KOMy He one who feels like
~b
any-
also fig); cKJiaflnan step-ladder;. noHcapnaH ~a fire-escape; napa^Han ~a main staircase; Mepnan ~a backstairs. jiecTHJbiH [Pesnly] a sh f jiecxeH, -a, -o, -bi complimentary {words, etc); flattering {to one's vanity). jiecxjb [Pes^t^, -z^d*'] / -h flattery.
jiexa
1.:
â
it.
jienJHTb
[Pi^pît^l
imperf
[Pi^ta] pi Jiex, CKOJibKO eMy jiex?
-m
how
-jiib, JienHUib, p -HJi, imp -h, BbiJienJHTb [vtlîpît^l perf -jiKD, -Hiub, p -HJI, imp -H, [s^lî^pît^] CiJienHTb perf sculp1. (BbiJienHTb) mode!, wax, etc); ture {in clay, (cjienHTb) make, build 2. {birds' nests, honeycombs). jiec [Pes, -z] -a (-y), pi -a, -OB 1. woodland, wood(s),
old
is
is he?; eMy nnxb jiex he five (years old); c agxckhx
from cpeAHHX
Jiex
2.
childhood; middle-aged; years {time); npomjio mho/
since
Jiex
ro Jiex many years passed; Ha cxa<> B --x elderly; pocxH Jiex in one's old age. jiexjaxb [Pi'^tat^j imperf
-aio,
-aeuib
[cf jiexexb air).
1]
fly
forest'j
CMemaHHbiH
2.
-^
mixed
{through the
jieqy,
forest;
<>
-~
prov omelette without breaking eggs; KTO B '^, KTO no Apoea
pyGsiT
timber, lumber; luenKH jiexflx you cannot make an
jiex|exb [Pi^têt''] imperf -Hiub, p -eji, imp -A a concrete movement in a dedirection 1 finite jie[cf
xaxb]
1.
fly {through the air);
Jier
(0/
192
2.
fig fly
jiereTb
time);
3.
tear
like
along at breakneck speed;

<>
CTpejiofl
'false': ji>KeHayKa [IzhenAuka] pseudo-science; ji>KecBHAe-
fly
Tejib [Izhes^vîdêtîl''] false
an arrow from the bow.

jieTKHH [l^'et^nîy]
witness, perjurer.
jiMteuib
a sum-
[Izhosh,
-zh]
set
mer
{attr).
JiraTb.
ji}KH
[lôtnty] a flying etc); weather, ~biH cocT^B air crew; US flight personnel; ~oe flejio aeronautics. jieT|o [Peta] n -a summer; <> CK6jIbK0 ~, CKOJIbKO 3HM it's ages since we met; I haven't seen you for ages. jiexoM [l^'etam] adv in
jieTH|bifi
{field,
[Izhi] see .no>Kb.
jDKHBibiH [Izhtviy] u sh f ^, -a, -o, -bi lying, untruthful; false, deceitful.

jiH
[I'î],
Jib
[1^1
part
used
6biji
1.
in general
questions:
jih
JIH
OH B xe^xpe? was he
He Aauib
at the theatre?;
xbi
MHe
you
with
cxaKan boaw? will kindly give me a glass

in
summer.
jiexHHK [Pot^ch'îk, -g] -a, -OB flyer, pilot, aviator.
of water?; 2.
combination
jieH66HHu|a
tj9] /
-bi,
nî^ch^êbn^'i-
hospital, nurs-
ing home.
jieneSHbifi
1.
medical
2.
[lî^chêbniy] a {establishment,
aid, etc);
etc).
medicinal {herb,
imperf
to express doubt, uncertainty, etc: spHA JIH hardly, scarcely; e^Ba jih hardly, it's doubtful wheth^y^h jih He almost, er...; nearly; II cj 1. introducing an indiwhether; h rect question if, He 3Haio, xaM jih oh I don't
some words
jieH|HTb [Pi^chîf]
-y,
know
2.:
if
whether he
JIH...
is
there;
jieHHUib,
-ifji,
imp
-u
JIH,..,
whether...
treat {medically).
jiCHJIiTbCJi
or...
[lî^chîttja]
imperf -H^cn,
-ycb, jie^HiiibCH, p -HJiacb, -iicb, imp -rixecb undergo a cure, take a treatment, receive treat-
jiHSepaji [lîbî^ral] -OB liberal.

jiHSepajibHJbifi
-a,
[l^'ibî^ral^-a,
niy]
-o,
a sh f jiH6ep^JieH,
pol liberal.
-bi
ment
TeTb.
{for).
I
jiCH^
jieny
[Pi*ch''u] [lî^chû]
see
Jie-
II
see
Jie-
denoting cj [lîba] alternative, sometimes coupled with addition, connexion or with warning, threat
jih6o
1.
an
qHTb.
JICHb see J10>KHTbCfl.
-a, jiem [I'êsh^:, -zh'^:] -efl bream {a freshwater fish).
jiiKc...
or;
...,
^... either... or...
pounds
first element of comdenoting 'pseudo-',
forming indefipronouns or adverbs when added to kxo, qxo, etc: kxo--' FAe- somebody, someone; somewhere, in some place.
-jih6o part nite

jiHeaHJei;
193 -^
[lîvanîts,
-dz]
n -ua, -ueB Lebanese.

-aji,
CKan a slide rule; 2.: 6yMara b y lined paper;

nHOHepcKafl a Young <> Pioneer parade {line-up).
jiHHHJfl [lînîya] / -h, -ft line (/) straight, carved, etc, 2) of a railway, etc; 3) telegraph, telephone; 4) of conduct, etc); npoBOAHTb -~io draw a line [also see <>];
jiHBaHCKJHH [lîvanskîy] a -oe, -He Lebanese.

jiHBJeHb
[lîvîn^]
-hh,
-Heft
heavy rain,
downpour.
jiHBHJei; [Pivîyats, -d^] -Hua, -Hues Libyan. [lîvîyskîy] jiHBHHCKJMH a -an, -oe, -He Libyan.
jiHrja [lîga] / -h,
league
(a society).
[Pizht] see jiH3aTb. jiHjKeuib [Pizhu], [Pizhash, -zh] see JiHsaxb. jiH3|aTb [Pizat^] imperf jiH^y, jiHJKeuib, p -aji, imp [Piznut^] jiH3H|yTb JIH}KH, -yji, imp psrf -y, -eiub, p -H lick {of a cat, dog, etc).
jiH)Ky
jmmvi
jiHKBHAMploBaxb
dîravat^]
-yio,
-yft
[lîkvî-
perf
&
imperf
-yeiiib,
-oBaji,
imp
liquidate, eliminate, do away with. jiHKcp [lîkôr] -a, -ob liqueur. jiHK|oBaTb [lîkAvat^l im-yeujb, p -OBaji, perf -yK) imp -yft rejoice, exult. jiHJi [lîl], JiHJia [Pila] see
JIHTb.
jiHjiHlfl
[lîlîya]
lily;
BOAHHan
-h,
-h
<> npoBojiHTb ~K) pursue a policy; hath no ~h HaHMCHbuiero conpoTHBJieHHa follow the line of least resistance. jiHHa|Tb [lînât^] imperf -ex, noljiHHHTb [palînât^j perf 1. ifade, lose colour {of materials); run {of colours); 2. {no perf) shed hair, cast the coat {said of animals); moult, shed feathers {said of birds); slough {of snakes). jiHn|a [Pipa] / -hi, lime(-tree), linden. jiHnK[HH [lîpkîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f jihrok, -a, -o, -H sticky, adhesive; ~Hft njiacTbipb sticking-plaster. .iHnHJyTb [lîpnut^] imperf -CT, p jiHH (-yji) stick {remain fastened by adhesion). jiHc|a [lîsa] / -bi, pi jihcm, , jiHcaM, jiHCHu,|a [l^lsîtsa]
water-
-bi,
-lily.
jiHCT
jiHjioBbiH [lîlovly]
a violet.
-b'l
fox {also fig). -zdj -a, pi (-bH), -OB (-bes) 1. {pi -bH)
[lîst,
jiHjicH [Pils*'a], jiHJiacb [lî-
leaf
2.
las^,
-z^] see jiHibcn.
{of a {pi -hi)
plant,
leaf
tree,
etc);
{in
a book);
etc);
jiHMOH [I'îmon]
-a,
-ob
sheet
lemon; lemon-tree. jiHHeHKJa [IMnêyka]

jiHHeeK straight length,
1.
/ -h,
onpocHbiH questionnaire; noAnHCHoft sub3. {pi -bi):
{of
paper,
metal,
ruler {for drawing

lines,
scription
at sight.
list;
measuring <>
HPpaTb c
~a mus
play
etc);
JiorapH(J)MHHe-
JIHC
194
jiHCTBeHHbiH [lîs^t^v^mniy] a leaf-bearing; Jiec foliage forest.
jiHxopaAOHH|biH [lîkhAraa sh f jiHxopa;;oHen, -a, -o, -bi feverish {also
dach^niy]
.jiHCTOBiKa [lîstofka] / -kh,
fig)-
-OK leaflet {printed matter). jiHTeHHbiH a [lîtêyniy]
foundry
(attr);
aaBOA found/
ry (a works). jiHTCparypla [lîtîrAturs]
-u literature;
xyAomecTseH{novels, etc).
Han --a
fiction
jiHTepaTypH|biH [PitîrAturniy] a sh f jiHiepaxypeH, -a, -bi -o, literary (language,

style, etc).
jiHueMepHJbiH [Pitst'^mêrniy] a sh f JiHueMepen, -a, -o, -bi hypocritical. jiHi^jo pi [lîtjo] n -a, jiHua, -~, jiHuaM 1. face {of a person); 2. fig individuality, individual character; noKa3aTb CBoe ~6 show one's real worth; 3. person {any
individual); âcTHoe 6 private person; AOJDKHocxHoe -^6 official, functionary; 4. the right side {of a material, of
jiHTOBleu [lîtovîts, -dz]
-ua, -ueB Lithuanian. jiHTOBCKJHH [lîtofskîy] -aH, -oe, -He Lithuanian. jiMTp [Pitr] -a, -ob litre. jiHTb [lît^] imperf jibio,
an
article
of
clothing);
5.
ling person;
<> B oflHO
~e
~6
in the person {of); na as like as two peas;
JIbeillb,
jiHJiH,
p imp
JIHJl,
JIHJia,
JIHJIO,
Jieu 1.
pour
{a liq-
uid or of a liquid); jihji cHJibHbiH AO>KAb it was pouring;

technol cast, mould {molten metal, etc); cjiesbi shed tears; <> BOfly Ha MbK)-ji. MejibHHU.y draw water to smb's mill; play into smb's hands. jiMTbca [l''ittj8] imperf JlbeiCH, p JIHJICH, JlHJiaCb,
2.
HeBSHpaji Ha jiHu,a without respect of persons; b ~6 to smb's face; anarb b ^6 know by sight; axo eiwy ne k '-y this doesn't become him {also
fig);
noKaaarb roBap
to
~6m
col
show smth
yâpHTb
not
advantage; ne
B rpfl3i> col
6m
JIHJlCCb,
JIHJlHCb
1.
flow,
disgrace oneself; be up to standard|the mark. jiHHHo [I'îch^na] adv personally, in person. [Pich^'nas^t^, jiMHHOCTlb
-z^'d^]
stream, pour {of water, tears, etc); 2. fig stream {of light, etc); pour {of words, a song,
etc).
jiudj^T
/ -H,
-eft
1.
person
individual); HciopHqecKan ~b historical figure; HenpHKocHOBeHHocTb per-
{any
~H
[lîft,
-vd]
-a,
-ob
-a,
Hfi,
elevator.
[I'îfch^'ik, -g]
jiH^HHK
-ob brassiere, bra. jiMxopafllKa [l^'ikhAratka] / -KM fever {also fig).
sonal immunity; 2. personality, individuality. jiUHHbiH [Pich^nty] a personal {affair, hygiene, etc)-, private {life, property, etc); cocidB mil personnel. <>
195
JlOfl
jiHiujaTb
-aio,
[Pishat^l
jiMui|HTb
-Hiiib,
imperf
[lî-hji,
-aenib,
shlt^]
perf -y,
-H
after a short rest; TOjibKo as soon as; 6bi <> if only;
2.:
^
6bi
~
I
of {rights, property, etc); deny {pleasure,

etc);
imp
deprive
yexaxb ceroAHH
leave today.
jio6
Ji6bi,
if
only
could
pi
the
--aTb CBo66Abi imprison;

re-
[lop,
-b]
Ji6a,
~aTb BOHHCKoro SBaHHH
ji6oB
.
forehead
[lAv'ît'^]
{of
duce to the ranks; <> jiHuiHTb ce6fl )KH3HH Commit suicide.

jiHui|aTbCJi [Pisliattja] /mperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, jiHuiJHTbcfl [Pishfttsa] perf -ycb, -Hiiib-
face)
-jiK),
jiOB|HTb
imperf
p -HJI, imp -H, noHMJaTb [pAjmat^] perf -aro,

jioBHiub,
1. catch {a ball, mice, capture {a thief, butterflies, etc); pick up {signals); 2. fig seize {an opportunily)\ 3, fig catch {snib's eye);
-aeuib
etc);
imp -HJiacb, CH, p -HJiCH, -HCb, -HTecb lose, be deprived

{of),
forfeit;
jiHUiHTbCH
jih-
3peHHH
lose one's sight;
<>
HTb
Ha
at
cjioee
col
jihiiiH^CH HyscTB faint; lUHTbCH pe^H be deprived of speech, lose one's tongue.
take
in
smb
his
word;
b
fish
MyTHOH BOAC pbi6y ~HTb

troubled waters.
jiOBKJHH
-He,
[lîshen'îya] n jiHuicHHle -H, pi -H, -H 1. deprivation

{the act of);
~e
rpajKAancKHx
npaB
disfranchisement; 2. {mostly pi) privation, hardship. jiHuiHTb see JiHiuaTb. JIHIUHTbCSI see JIHUJaTbCH. jihuihIhh [lîshnîy] a 1. spare, extra; 2. superfluous,
[lofk'îy] a -an, sh f jiobok, -a, -o, -H 1. deft, dexterous, adroit; 2. ingenious, dodgy, tricky; ~HH xoA clever stroke. jiOBjiiM [16vp9] / -H huntfishing; birding, catching; -catching. jioBym|Ka [Uvushka] / -kh, -CK trap {for animals, etc;
-oe,
unnecessary; oh sjxecb he is not wanted here;
~hh
also fig). jiorHKla [locjîka] / -h logic.

[lAgîch^'i-
jiorHHecK|HH more than; <> c ~HM col TpH KHJioMeTpa c -~HM more skîy] a -an,
-oe
-ne
logi-
than three kilometres, kilometres odd.

jiHiub
[lîsh,
three
I
cal
{approach, result, etc). jiorHHHlbiH [lAg^'ich^niy] a

-o,
-bi
-zh]
part
sh f jiorHMen, -a,
jiOAJKa
[lotka]
logi-
denoting
11
restriction,
limita-
cal {argument, action, etc).
tion only, but;

c/
1.
ditional
introducing an adthought: Mbi noHACM
boat
rine.
idler,
{a
small
open
-ok / -kh, vessel);
noABOAHan
~Ka
subma-
TyAa,
-~
HCMHoro otaoxhcm
we'll go there, only first we'll rest a little; we'll go there
jiOAbipjb [lodir^] loafer.
-a,
-en
'
nom
jiojKJa
196
[lozha] / -h, -- theat
2.
box.
[lAzhitts9] im-ycb, -Hiubcji, p -hjich, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hiecb,
jiojK|HTbCJi
(nojiOMaTbCH) col grimace; put on airs. jiOM6apfl [lAmbart, -d]
perf
-a,
pawnshop. jioM|6Tb [Umot^,

-OB
-d^]
slice
/
-bi,
m
{of
jiewb [lêch''] perf jinry, jihjKCLUb, jiHryT, p jier, Jierjia,
-TH,
pi
-TH,
-Ten
imp
Jinr
1.
lie
down; '-HTbCH
2.
bread). jionaTJa
[lApata]
cnaTb go to bed;
snow);
fall
cover
in
{of
spade
(o/
folds
dress, etc).
jioiKlKa
spoon spoonful
1.
<0>
(for
(of);
[16shk9] / -kh, -ck eating, etc); 2.
shovel. ji6n|aTbCfl [lopattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, ji6nH|yTb [lopnut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, Imp -H 1. break, burst {of a rope, string, etc); crack
{for digging);
~Ka
Acrxji
a fly in the
ji6h1wh
jio/KeH,
-a,
SoHKC Meâ ointment. [lozhniy] a sh f

B
-0,
-bi
(of col
a glass, bottle,
etc); 2.
go bankrupt
{of
fig a busi-
ness, policy, etc):
false (i)
theory,
rumour,
etc).
etc; "2)
pride,
ero repncHHe JionHyjio <> his patience was exhausted,
shame,
jio}Kb
he
lost all
[losh, -zh] / ji>KH lie,
jiococHH|a
patience. [lasASîna] /
-bi
falsehood. jioaynr [lozunk, -g] -OB slogan, catchword. ji6K|oTb [lokat^, -d^]
pi
-TH,
-Teft
salmon
m m
-a,
{the flesh of). ji6coc|b [16s8s^, -z**]
-h,
-eft
salmon
-eft
-th,
jioc|b
elbow
{of
the
of
-bi,
-H,
arm);
<> HyBCTBO fellowship.
jioM
I
H, pi elk {a kind of deer). jiOTepe|ji [btî^rêya] / -h,

lottery.
(a fish). [los'
-^TJi
feeling
-a,
-ft
jioxMaxbiJI
[lAkhmatiy]
[lorn]
pi
-OB crow-bar. JIOM II [lorn]
shaggy; tousled, dishevelled. jioxMOTblM [lAkhmot'ya] pi

-eB rags
{old,
-a
scrap
worn
clothes),
metal.
jioMJaTb
-aio,
[Umat'']
ciJioMdTb
imperf
[sIa-
jiouwaH [lotsman] naut pilot.

pi -h, animal).
jiyr
-eft,
-a,
-ob
-aeiiib,
ji6iiiaA|b [loshat^, -d^] / -h,
mat^] perf break {1) a chair, arm, etc; 2) traditions, etc); <> axb rojioBy Han hcm-ji. puzzle over smth. col
-HM
-g]
horse
-a,
{an
[luk,
pi -a,
-OB
meadow.
jioM|aTbC5i [lAmattja] imperf -aKx:b, -aeuibCH, noijioMaxbcsi [paUmattja] perf, cijiOMaTbcji [slAmaltja] perf I, break, crack, smash, burst;
jiy)K|a [luzha] / -h, dle {of water); cecTb B ~y col into a mess; disgrace
pudget
one-
self.
197
jibBHu|a [Pvîtja] /
jibrorla
[l^gota] /
-bi,
JIK)6
jiyxaHKJa
[luzhayka] /
-h,
-bi,
^
--
jiyjKaeK lawn, grass-plot. jiyK [luk, -g] -a (-y) onion(s). jiyK^BlbiH [lukaviy] a sh f
lioness.
privilege (a favour not joyed by others).

jibroTHJbiH
ena:
'-, -a, -0, -bi 1.
cunning
-bi,
[per-
[Pgotniy]
son); 2. sly, arch.
jiyHJa [luna] /
'-,
pi jiyHbi,
jiynaM
moon
{a satellite).
jiyHHbiH [lunniy] a lunar; {night). jiyn|a [lupa] / -u, magnifying glass. jiyn [luch^, -j^] -a, -eft
moonlit
preferential -~bix ycjiOBHHX duties; Ha on favourable terms; no ~oft ueH^ at a reduced price. [l^'da], jibAOB [l^'dof, jibfla
n6iiiJiHHbi
bie
-v] see
JIQ.JX.
jibAHHJa
[l^dîna] /
ice-floe.
-bi,
block of
ice,
beam {from a lamp,

{of light, etc).
etc);
ray
jibercii [l^yottsa] see jiHXbCH.
[lutshi^] I comp of xopoiKHH & corresp adv; II impers predic it is better; BMy -- he feels better; eMy yHTH it would be better for him to go away; he had better go away; 0> TCM so much the better.
jiyHUiC
jibHa [l^na] see jich. jibHHHl6ft'[l^n'i^n6y] a flaxen; -~6e nojioTHo linen; -^66 M^cjio Unseed oil. [Ps^'tîviy] jibCTHBlbifi a sh f ~, -a, -0, -bi smooth-tongued; obsequious, fawn-
ing.
jiynuilHH
-ee,
[lutshiy]
-an,
-He comp & super I of XOpOIIIHH; II as a noun ji y q e e n -ero (the) best; (the) better; 3a HeHM^HHCM --ero for want of smth better.
jibcrlHTb [l^s^tît^] imperfi jibmy, -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H, nojibcrlHTb [pAl^s^tît^] perf
nojibuiy, -HUib, p -HJI, imp -H flatter {!) praise; 2) gratify the vanity of). jibw [l^'yu], Jibeiiib [Pyosh, -zh] see jiHTb. jiK)5e3H|biH [lûbêzniy] a sh f jiK)6e3eH, -a, -o, -bi kind,
jibiiK|a
jibi3KH-[lizhi] pi JibiJK {sing / -H) skis.
jibiiKHHK
-a,
[Hzhnîk,
-g]
m
ski
'^
-OB skier.
jibijKHbiH
{attr)\
[Hzhniy] a cnopT skiing.

[Hsîna] /
-bi,
obliging, considerate; <> Syflbxe ~bi please, you be so kind.

jiroSHMJei;
would
-dz]
[Pubîmhts,
favourite.
jibicHH|a
m
I
bald spot.
jibiclbiH
-a, -o,
-bi
-ua, -ues jiK)5HMbiH
[Pubîmiy] [pa]
[Hsiy] a sh f , bald, bald-headed.

JibBOB
[l^vof,
see jiH. jibBa [Pva],

Jib
a favourite; dear, dearly-loved, beloved; II as a noun ji lo 6 h m bi h

|
-oro,
-bix
darling,
dear,
-v] see jiee.
dearest.
jiio6
198
jiK)6HTejilb
-H,
-eft
1.
[lûbîtîP]
2.
m
fan,
TejieH,
-a,
-o,
-u inquisitive
I
amateun
{eager to learn).
jik)56h
lover {of music, etc). jiK)6|HTb [lûbît^] imperf -jiK), jiK)6Hmb, p -HJi, imp -h 1. love (a c/i//rf, e^c); 2. like, be fond of{ love {music, etc)\ sth require; 3. fig need, UBexbi jik)6ht Bo^y these flowrequire much water; ers
KapT6(|)ejib
[lûboy]
any
jiioSht
necManyK)
thrive
in
potatoes noHBy sandy ground;

<> JiK)6Hiiib
KaraTbcsi,
aftcaHOHKH BOSHTb prov er dinner comes the reckon-
{no matter which); 1 1 as a noun Ji lo 6 6 ft -oro, -bix anyone; either {of two). jiK)6onbiTHlbiH [PubApttniy] a sh f jiio6oribiTeH, -a, -0, -bi 1. inquisitive, curious; 2, curious, unusual, odd. jiio6onbiTCTB{o pûbApttjtV9] n -a curiosity, inquisitiveness. jik)a1h [lûdî] pi -eft, -hm, -bMH, (o) -Hx people, men; <> BbiHTH B make one's
|
~H
ing.
way
[PubAvattja]
-yeuibCH,
-yKx:b,
in
life.
jiio5|oBaTbcsi
jiiOAHJbiH
jiiOAeH,
-a,
[lûdniy]
-o,
-bi
imperf
1.
a sh f densely
{street,
-OBajiCH, -OBajiacb, imp -yftcH, -yfiiecb, noiJiH)6oBaTbcsi [paPubAvattja] perf admire, feast
populated; 2. crowded meeting, etc).

jiK)K
1.
one's eyes {on)\ ce6a! nojiK)6yHTecb Ha <> col just look at yourself! jik)66bhhk [lûbovnîk, -g]
[Puk, -g] m -a, -ob manhole; 2. naut hatchway, hatch; 3. theat trap.
jiiocTpla [Pustra] / -bi, -' chandelier {hanging from the
ceiling).
ji5ir [Pak, -g] see JI0>KHTbCH.
-a,
-08 lover,
paramour.
jiioSoBHHula [lûbovn'îtja] mistress, paramour. / -bi,
imp
of Jienb;
jiK)6|6Bb [Pubof^ -v^] / -BH, instr -oBbKD love; H3 ~bh K... out of love of... / for... jiK)6o3HaTejibH|biH [lûbA-
jiflry [Pagu], jiReiub [l^'azhash. -zh] 1st & 2nd persons of AeHb; see jiomvnbCfi.
jijiryui|Ka
[lî'^gushka]
znatîl^nty] a sh f jiKD6o3Ha-
-KH, -eK frog {an animal).
M
-fl,
[m9vzApey] m store; npOMTOBapHbifl < dry goods shop; 2. technol supply mausoleum. MarasHH [magAzîn] m -a, chamber {in a rifle, etc). -OB 1. shop, store; yHHsepMarHcxpajilb [mag^'istral^] cajibHbiH ~ department shop / / -H, -eft highway {the 1.
MaBsojielfi
-eB
199
MajicHbKlHH
-an,
-oe,
2.
Maji
main route); >jceJie3Ho;];op6}KHan ^h rly main line, trunk

line;
etc).
2,
[mapin^kîy]
1.
main
{for water, gas,
little;
little,
young; 3. slight; ordinary {man).
-He small,
small,
MarHHT [mAgnît, -d] -OB magnet {also fig).
-a,
MarHHT0(j)6H [magnîtAfon] -a, -OB tape-recorder.
Ma.iiHH|a [mApina] / -bi raspberry. Majio [mala] I adv little; II as a nam few {books, etc);
little
{tea,
etc);
MaeK [mayak,
-g] see see
MaHKa.
Mimy
3aTb.
[mazhu],
Maceiiib
<>
Toro moreover;
jih
[mazhash, -zh] Mawb [mash,
Masaib. -zh] see ui-
4To! col what of it! Majio... first element of com-
MasaJTb [mazat^] Ma>Ky, Ma>Kemb, p

MajKb
1. oil,
imperf
-ji,
imp
pounds denoting insufficiency^ a small degree of, etc: MajiojiexHHH [malAêt^nîy] young
{boy, etc);
grease, lubricate;
juvenile; Majiorpa-
cover / soil with smth greasy / dirty; 3. col miss the mark. Masjb [mas^, -z^] / -h, -eft ointment, liniment; can6>KHaji ^b shoe polish.
butter;
2.
MOTHbiH [makgramatniy] almost illiterate, uneducated;

MaJioonbiTHbiH [mabopttnty] of little experience, inexperienced. [malAdushMajiOAyuiHlbiH niy] a sh f MaJioAymen, -a, -0, -bi cowardly, faint-hearted.
Man [may] m Man May. MaHK[a [mayka] / -h, MaeK

undervest, singlet, T-shirt; sports shirt, jersey. Maflop [mAyor] -a, -ob major {a military officer). MaftcKlHH [mayskîy] a -an, -oe, -He May {attr).
MajioKpoBH e [malAkrovîya] n -H med anaemia.

1
Majio-noMajiy
[mabpAmalu]
little,
adv
ally.
little
by
gradu-
MSLK -OB 1.
[mak,
-g] poppy {the
-a
(-y),
s^Pmniy] a
-a,
MajiOHHCJieHHlbiH [malAchîs/i/Majio'^HCjien,
-o, -bi small in number. Maji|biH [maliy] a sh f -,
-6,
-bi 1.
plant and
pi
flower); 2.
poppy
seed.
MaKapoHbi
[mskAroni]
-a,
small
{in
size,
MaKapoH macaroni.
maPniy] a
-a, -o,
-bi
MaKCHMajibH|bifi [msksîsh /MaKCHMajien,
maximum
{attr).
quantity); 2. {only sh f) too small, tight; najibxo '-6 the coat is too small, Majibraui [mAl^gash, -zh]
-a, -eft Malagasy. MajibramcKJHH [mApgashskîy] a -an, -oe, -ne Mala-
Majiajei; [mAlayats,
-dz]
m m
-Hua, -HueB Malay, Malayan.
[mAlayskîy] MajiaHCKlHH a -an, -oe, -ne Malayan. gasy. MajibMHK [mal^chîk, MajieHiulHH [mAPeyshty] a
-an
-ee,
-g]
-He least,
slightest.
-a,
-OB boy.
Maji
200
of
MajiMp [mAlâr] (house-)painter,

MajinpM|fl
-H malaria.
-a,
-6b
/
HHBMa the classics

-Leninism.
Marxism-zd]
[maPi^rîya]
/
MapKCMCT
[mArksîst,
/
m
-u,
MaM|a mother
[mama]
{a
female
parent);
-OB Marxist, [marina] Mapji| cheese-cloth, gauze.

-a,
-h
mummy,
-a,
ma. MaHAapHH [mandAr^'m]

-OB tangerine.
Maneep [mAnôvr] m -a, -OB mil manoeuvre {also fig). can. Manepja [mAnêra] / -bi, /?/ MapT {customary March. -bi, -~ 1. manner
behaviour); 2. style {in litermanners ature, etc); 3. pi {good, bad, etc).
-efl
MapOKKaH|eu [marAkanîts, m -ua, -ueB Moroccan. MapOKKaHCKJHH [marAkanskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Moroc-dz]
[mart,
-d]
m m
-a
-a,
Mapiu [marsh,
-zh]
march
{1)
movement;
2)
-a,
music).
-OB
MaHweTJa
-ti,
[mAnzheta]
cuff {of a sleeve). MaHH(|)ecT [manîf'est, -zd] -a, -GB manifesto.
Mapmaji [marshal] m marshal {a military

.
of-
ficer)
Maprnpyr [mArshrut,
-a,
-d]
MaHy4)aKTyp|a [manufAktura] /
-bi
1.
{pi
-bi,
~)
econ
-OB route, itinerary. Mac|Ka [maska] / -kh,

{also fig).
-ok
textilG(s), manufactory; 2. drapery. MaprapHH [margArîn] m -a margarine. MapHHoeaHHbifi [marînovanniy] a {pa\ preserved in
mask
-a,
MacKapaA [maskArat, -d] tn -OB masquerade, fancyMacKHploeaTb

[maskîrA-yeiub,
-ball.
vat^] imperf -yra,

-oBaji,
pickle, piclded.
I (marka] / -kh, -ok (postage) stamp; 2. mark, brand, label; trade mark; <> noA KOH under the guise
MapJKa
1.
saiMacKHpoeaib [zamaskîrAvat^] perf mask {also fig); 2. mil 1. camouflage. MacjieHJKa [mAs^lônka] /
-yft,
imp
{of).
Map'|Ka II -OK mark (a

-a
[marka] / -kh, monetary unit).
MapKCHSM [mArks'îzm] Marxism.
-KH, -OK 1. butter-dish; 2. technol lubricator, oil cup. [masla] n -a 1. Mac;i|o {vegetable and oil butter; mineral); 2. oil colour/ paint;
MapKCH3M-jieHHHM3M [mArk- <> HACT KaK no ~y col m MapK- it goes like clock-work. MarxismCH3Ma-JieHHHH3Ma Maccja [massa] / -bi, pi -bi, -Leninism {the teaching of ~ 1. phys mass; 2. paste (/) Marx, Engels and Lenin); a substance; 2) a food-stuff); KJiaCCHKH MapKCH3Ma-JieHH- pulp {of wood, etc); 3. a
sîzml'în^'inîzm]
201
Mam
ôe
nojio-
large amount / quantity (of), a lot (of), a great deal {of);

4.
ues, etc; 2) philos);
col
mass, the
{of
pi
masses
MaccoBbiH
financial ênne position; bulk {of); 5. ~aH noMomb pecuniary aid. MarepHK [matî^r'îk, -g] m populathe
tion).
mass {attr), Macrep [mas^tîr]

-a,
[massaviy] popular.
a
pi
-OB mainland, continent. MaTepMHCTB|o [matî^rînstva] n -a maternity, mother-a,
m
{in
3.
-a,
hood.
-OB
1.
foreman
2.
fac-
MarepHsi
-H,
tory, etc);
expert;
sport
-H
1.
master; <> OH Ha Ece pyKH he's a
matter;
dull,
2.
2.
philos cloth,
[mAtêrîya] / substance,
fabric.
MaTOBbiH
[mataviy]
1.
Jack of
trades. [mas^tî^rMaaepcKlan skaya] / -oh, -hx workshop,

all
artist).
lustreless;
mat
-z]
{skin)',
opaque, frosted
{glass).
Marpac [mAtras,
-OB mattress.
-a,
studio {of an
MacTepcTBJo [mas'^tî^rstvo]
-a 1. handicraft,
trade;
2.
skill,
mastership,
workman-b]
ship.
MacuiTaS [mAshtap,
-a,
Marpoc [mAtros, -z] m -a, seaman, sailor. MaTH [mach^:] m -a, -eS sport match. MaTJb [mat^, -d^] / -epH,
-OB
instr
-epbK),
-OB scale {of a
mother {a female parent). scale. wax [makh] m -a: oahhm Mar [mat, -d] m -a chess OM col at one stroke. checkmate, mate. Max|aTb [niAkhat^] imperf MaiewaTHK [matî*^matîk, Mamy, Mameiub, p -aji, imp -g] m -a, -ob mathematician. MaiiiH, MaxH|yTb [mAkhnut^l MarcMaTHKla [mstî^matî- perf -y, -eiub, p -yji, imp -h ka] / -H mathematics. wave {one's hand, handkerB wajieHbKOM
~e
map, etc); on a small
pi
-epn, -epefl
Maxnyrb KyAa-ji. col go somewhere; waxnyxb pyism; AHajieKTH4ecKHH -~ di- KOH col give up as hopeless, alectical materialism; hcto- give up as a bad job. pHêcKHH historical mateManexja [machîkha] / -h,
<0>
MarepHaji [matî^r^yal] m -OB material. [mstîrîAMarepHajiHSM l^'izm] m -a philos material-a,
chief,
etc);
wag
{the
tail)',
flap
off
{wings);
rialism.
MaTepHajlHCTHHeCKJHH [m9t^'irîAîs^'tîchîskîy] a -an, -oe, -He p/i//os materialist(ic).
MaTepHajibHJbiM [matî*^r'^yaPniy] a sh f MaiepHaJieH,-a,-o, -bi material {1) val-
stepmother. MaHTJa [mach^ta] / -h, -' mast {on a boat). MauuH [mAsht] see Maxarb. MamiiH|a [mAshfna] / -u, ~ 1. machine, mechanism;
engine;
2.
motor-car;
lorry;
Mam US
truck;
let's
take
a
car;
202
[m^'i^dal^]
/
-h,
AaeaH noeAeM na
let's
[mêtpunkt, -gd] dispensary;

aid post. MeAajijb
-efl
drive {in a car); <> rocyAapcTBCHHafl ~a machinery of state. MauiHHHCT [mashinîst,-zd] -OB machinist, -a, 1. machine-operator; 2. engine-driver, locomotive-driver. MaiuHHHCT|Ka [mashinîstke] / -KH, -OK (girl) typist.
<>
al.
medal; oSopOTHaSI
CTOpOHa
~H
-d*']
the reverse side of the med-
MeABCAJb [mî^d'^vêt^,
pi animal).
-H,
-H,
-eft
bear
{an
MeAHUHHJa
[m^'id^'itji'na] /
[mAshinka] / -bi medicine {a science). -KH, -OK 1. dim of MauiHHa; MeAHU.MHCK[MH [mîdîtjfn2,: nHiuyman Ka typewriter; skîy] a -an, -oe, -He medi---Ka CTpHJKKH BOJIOC cal. AJIH
clippers.
I
MamHH|Ka
MauiHHOCTpoeHH e[m9shina- a sh f strAyenîya] n -h engineer- -a, -0,

ing industry.
ney,
etc).
MeAJieHHJbiH [m^'ed^l^mniy] MeAJieH (MeAJieneH),

-bi
slow
{horse,
jour-
worker,
poison,
march,
Mauiy [mAshu], Mauieuib [mashash, -zh] see Maxaib.

MaslK [mAyak, -g] -OB lighthouse; beacon
-a,
{also
-g]
MaflTHHK [mayat^nîk,
-OB pendulum. MFJija [mgla] / -bi haze,

-a,
MeAH|biH [mêdniy] a cop' per {attr), coppery; <> biH BCK the Brazen Age. MCAJb [mêt^, -d^] / -H 1. copper {a metal); 2. col copper coins. Me... MeHiAy...
mist.
MrHoeeHHle [mgnAvênîya]
MejKAOMeTHJe [mîzhdAmêtîya] n -h, -h ling interjection.
-H,
-H
instant,
moment;
OKa col in the twinklMCjKAy [m'êzhdu] prep with ing of an eye. instr {sometimes gen) correMrHOBeHH|biH [mgnAVên- sponding to the English 'beniy] a sh f MrHOBeneH, -a, tween' and 'among'; -o, -bi instantaneous, im- <0 ~ TCM meanwhile, in the mediate. meantime; a -- tcm never~ TeM KaK while; [mêb^'il^] McSeJilb -h theless; / ~ npoHHM 1) in furniture {in a room, etc). whereas; MCA [môt, -d] m -a (-y) passing {say smth, etc) 2) by honey {made by bees). the way, by the by; ~ AeMCA... first element of com- jiOM at odd moments. pounds pertaining to 'mediMe/KAy... fifst element of cine: MCAcecipa [niêts'î^stra] compounds denoting position, (hospital) nurse, MCAnyHKT location between smth or rela<> B
~e
203
MCJioHlb
-efi
1.
Men
[mêlach^, -j^] / small / miscella2.
tri-
tions between, among smth, MejKAyBeAOMCTBeHHbiH smh: [mîzh duv^'eda ms^t^vîn niy] interdepartmental; Me}K6H6jiH0TeHHbiH [mêzhbîbPiA-
-H,
neous things / articles; small change {money); 3.

fle,
têch^'nty] inter-library(fl//r);
trivial thing-. MCJijb [mêl''] /
-H,
-eft
û aground MeÂynapOAHbiH [mîzhdu- [also see <>]; HAFodniy] a international. <0> Ha ~H in low water, on MeKCHKaH|eu [mîks^'ikd- the rocks. nîts, -dz] m -ua, -ueB MexiMejibKJaTb [mî^l^kat^] imcan.
Me>KAypHflbe d^ya] agric rows.
[mîzhdurâspace between
shoal, shallow;
sea);
bank
na
{in
the
cecxb aground, na
~b
run
perf
-aex,
flash;
2.
MCjibKHlyxb*
-ex,
MeKCHKaHCKlHft kanskîy] a -an, Mexican. MCji [mêl] m -a for {1} chem; 2) whitening.
MCJi [môl],
[mîksî-oe, -He
(-y)
[mî^Pknut^] perf
1.
-yji
instant,
chalk
ment;
Mbicjib
an appear for a mofig: y Hero nyjia

be
seen
for
writing);
an idea flashed across

[mêl^'kam]
his mind.
Mejia
[mî^la]
in
MCjibKOM
passing;
adv
see MecTH.
-ex,
Mejie|Tb [mî^lêt^] imperf o6:MejieTb [Abm^'i'^Pet^]
perf shallow, become shallow. MejiM [mî^Pi] see MOJioxb. MejiKJHH [mêlkîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f mcjiok, -a, -o, -H 1. small {in size, value, etc); ~HH necoK fine sand; 2. econ petty, small, small-scale;
cursorily; ysHcatch a glimpse; Aexb BsrjiHHyxb '- give a cursory look.
-a,
MCjibHHK [mêPn^'ik, -g] m -OB miller {a flour mill

f flour mill; 2. coffee-
operator or owner).
MCjibHHula [mêPnîtsa]
-bi,
1.
-mill.
c66cTBeHHHK MCJibHC [mêl^chî] comp o/ 3. minor, insig- MejiKHH & corresp adv. nificant; 4. //g- petty, narrowMCjieuib [mî^lû], MCjiK) -minded, mean; 5. shallow [mêPish, -zh] see MOJioxb. {river, pond, etc); MCHce [mênîya] adv used ân rapejiKa flat plate, dinner-plate; to form comp less; ~ KpacH<> lie flCHbrH small change BbiH less beautiful; {money). <> TCM He ~ nevertheless. mcjioahIji MCHbuie [mên^shi^] I comp [mî^lodîya] / -H, -H melody, tune. of MajibiH & MajieHbKHH;
--hh small owner;
MCJioiHlbiH [m'elach^niy] sh f MejioHCH, -a -o, -bi petty, small-minded, mean.
II
comp
<>
Bcero least of all. MeHbuiJHH [mên^shiy] -aa,
of Majio;
-ee, -He
II
1
204
-He,
1.
comp
of Majibift
&
-aH, -oe,
-a, -o,
MajieHbKHH;
superl o/MajibiH
-H
sh f MepaoK, vile, disgusting,

co/
&
MajieHb-
loathsome;
unpleasant).
perf -Hy,
2.
nasty (very
KHH -<0> no --eM Mepe at least; caMoe -~ee not less than. MCHbuiKHCTBlo [mîn^sliinstvo] n -a, pi MeHbiuHHCTBa,
Mep3|HyTb [môrznut''] im-Heuib, p , -;ia, imp -HH freeze, feel cold.
MepHAHan [mîrîdîan]
-a,
MeHblUHHCTB, MeHblllHHCTBaM minority; ^ HauHOHajibHoe --'O national minority. MCHK) [mî^nû] n indecl
bill of fare,
-OB gecg meridian. Mep|HTb [m^^r^'it^] imperf
-K),
menu.
gen
8c
-Huib, p -HJi, imp -b 1. measure, get / take measurement; 2. try on (a dress etc); <> ~HTb Ha CBOH apUIMH Col
,
MeHfl of H.
-HK),
[m'î^nâ]
ace
=
1.
measure others'
corn by
one's
own
bushel.
Mep|Ka [mêrk9] / -kh, -ok measure, measurement; CHHTb ~Ky c Koro-Ji. take mî^nât^] \l) clothes; 2) money); 2. ex- smb's measurements; 2. inchange {gifts, stamps, etc); strument for measuring (a alter measuring rod, yardstick, etc); (no perf) change, 3.
MeHlflTb [mî^nât^^] imperf
-Heiiib,
noiMeHHTb [pachange 1. perf
(one's opinion, etc).
3.
fig yardstick.
MeHlflTbCJi[mî^nâttj9] imperf -Hiocb, -neiiibCH, noiMeHHTbCH [p9m''i^nâttS9] perf {become 1. {no perf) change
different);
2.
exchange.
-bi,
Mepja [mêra] / measure {standard);
1.
û
MeponpHflTHle[mîr9prîyatîy9] n -H, -H measure, undertaking. MepTBlbiH [môrtvty] a sh (MepTBo), f ~, MepTBa, -o -bi (MepTBbi) 1. dead; 2. fig
dead; lifeless;
}\Jiu-
Hbi linear measures;
<> --a.a nexjifli av loop; ~aji sepxHocTH square measures; XBaxKa mortal grip; hh )khb measure, step; npHHHTb HH ~ col more dead than 2. cpoqHbie ~bi take prompt alive. action; npHHHTb HaAJieHâmHe Mepulaxb [m'i^rtjat^] im'-bi take proper measures; take adequate measures;
~bi no-
perf
-aer
twinkle,
flicker,
shimmer, glimmer. Bbicmasi ~a HaKasaHnn Mec|HTb [mî^sît^l imperf ceepx Memy, Mecnmb, p -hji, imp capital punishment; '-hi to excess; b - y within -h knead (dough, clay, etc). imoerf reasonable limits; no ~e roro iwecTH [m^'i^s'^tî] KaK as (while); no ~e chji MCTy, Mexeuib, p mcji, Me;ia imp MeiH 1. sweep (with a as far as possible. a broom)\ 2. impers snow hard. Mep3KiHM [m^'erskîyl
205
MCT
-OB
MecTKOM [m'î^stkom] m -a, possessive pronoun; yiosaKOMHXeT xeJibHoe ~e demonstrative (=MeCTHbIH npo4)co{b3HOH opraHHsauHH) pronoun; onpeAejiHxejibHoe
local trade-union
committee.
MecTHOCT|b
-z^d''] / -H,
-eft
[mêsnas^t^, 1. country
defining pronoun. MecxonojiomeHHJe [mêstapalAzhenîya] n -h position,

location, situation.
pr'îbtvan'îya]
neighbourhood; ;;a4HaH b country place. MecTHJbiH [m^'esnty] a loity, district,
Mecxonpe6biBaHH|e [mêstan -h, -h residence, dwelling-place {permanent or temporary); ~-e npa biH >KHTejib native; BHxejibCxea seat of governcal; '-oe caMoynpaBJieHHe local ment. government. MecxopoiKAeHHle [mîstarAMecT[o [mêsta] n -a, pi zhd'ên'îya] n -h, -h geol de-
{wooded, open, etc); 6o;i6thCTan ~b marshland; 2. local-
Mecxa,
-aM
1.
place, spot,
posit,
layer.
/
locality; ' o
HasHaneHHH des-
tination; birth-place;
iiiHH
p0H<AeHHH ctchhkh Ma2.
Mecx|b [mês^t^, -z^d^J -H vengeance, revenge.

Mecni; [mêsâtj, -dz]
-CB
1.
-a,
parking place;
seat
month;
2.
{in a theatre, at the table, etc); <> MeflOBbiw -~ MecflHHbiH [mêsâch^'nty] berth {on a train, ship); 3. space, room; 4. post, posi- a monthly. tion, office, situation; 6e3 Mexajiji [mî^tal] m-a, -ob '-a out of work; 5. place, metal. passage {in a book, magaMexajiJiHHecKlHH [mîtAPizine, etc); 6. standing, place chîskîy] a -an, -oe, -He {in society, history, sports, metal {attr); metallic. etc); 7. piece of luggage; MexajiJiyprMHecK|HH [mîta<> Ha BauiCM --e if I were lurgîchîskîy] a -an, -oe, you; K y pertinent, apt; -He metallurgical. He K --y out of place; He Mex|axb [m'î^tat^l imperf eat Meuy, Meqeuib, p -aji, imp HaxoAHTb ce6e â one's heart out; sacTaxb / sa- MeMH, MexHJyxb [mî^tnut^] CTHHb / noHMarb Ha ê npe- perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -h cxynjieHHa catch red-handed, 1. sport throw, fling, cast; catch in the act. mojiox] aXb AHCK [KOHbe, MecxoiKMxejibcxBlo [mêsta- throw the discus [javelin, zhitîPstva] n -a, (place hammer]; 2. {no perf): axb of) residence, domicile. HKpy spawn; MecxoHMeHH|e [mîstoimê- <> -âxb wpeSHH cast lots. n^'iya] n -h, -h ling pronoun; Mcxejilb [mî^t^'el*'] / -h, :303BpaxHoe ~e reflexive pro- -eft snow-storm. npHXHJKaxejibHoe - iioun; MexeopoJiorM4ecK|MH [mî-
moon; honeymoon.
Met
tîAralAgîch''isk''iy]
-oe,
206
[mîkhanî-
a -an -He meteorological. MeTeopoji6rH|H [mîtîAFAlogîya] f -h meteorology. MCTH [mî^tî] see MecTH. MeT|HTb I [mêtît^] im-Hiiib,
MexaHH3ai;Hl5i zatjiya] -h /
tion.
-a,
mechaniza-
MexaHHSM [mîkhAnîzm] m -OB mechanism (a/so //g^);
machinery, gear(ing);
{of
perf Mewy,
-b,
-hji,
imp
noiMeTHTb
[pAmêtît'']
perf
mark
{a page, linen, etc).

II
McrlHTb
perf Meîy,
-b
1.
[mêtît^] im-
-Huib, p -hji,
[a
imp
blow,
aim
weapon,
a clock); MacoBofl clock-^ -work; nepeAaxoMHbift transmission gear. McxaHHK [m^'i^khanîk, -g] -a, -OB mechanical engineer, mechanic.
works
etc);
MexaHHKJa [mî^khanîka] 2. fig aspire {to a post). McrlKa [mêtka]/ -kh, -ok / -H mechanics; npHKJiaAnan a applied mechanics. mark, sign. MexaHMHecKJHH [mîkhAnîmctkIhh [mêtkîy] a -an,
-oe, -He, sh f
-H
1.
mctok, -a, -o, well-aimed (blow, etc);

(fire);
a -an, -oe, -ne 1. mechanical, power-driven;

chîsk^'iy]
accurate
~hh
cxpeJioK
~oe c6opyAOBaHHe machinery; 2. fig
good marksman; ~Hn rjias keen eye; 2. fig neat, pointed, apt {remark, etc). MCTJila [mî^tla] /
MCTJibi, Mexeji, MexjiaM
-b'l,
mechanical,
mafur
chinelike.
McxoBOM [mîkhAvoy] a
pi
{attr).
broom.
1.
MCHH [mî^chî]
see
Mexaxb.
MCTHyTb
see
Mexaxb
-a, Meioji [m^'etat, -d] -OB method. -a, MCTp [mêtr] -OB metre; KBaApaTHbift -^ Ky6HtiecKHH square metre; --cubic metre. MeTpHKJa [mêtrîka] / -h,
MCHxja [mî^ch^ta] / -bi dream; day-dream, fancy. MeHx|axb [mî^ch^tat^] /mperf -aK), -aeuib dream, day-dream.
Meny
XHXb
I.
[mêchû]
[mêchû]
see Me-
Meny
XHXb
II.
II
see Me-
"^
birth-certificate.
iwexpo [mî^tro] n indecl the underground, metro; go by the exaxb Ha / B underground; travel by the
underground.
Mcry
[m^'i^tu],
Mereuib
-a
(-y),
[mî^tôsh, -zh] see MecxH.
MCHy [mî^chû], Meneuib [mêchîsh, -zh] see Mexaxb. Meiujaxb I [m^'i^shat^] imperj -aio, -aeuib, nolMeiuarb [pamî^shat*"] perf prevent, hamper; obstruct, hinder,
bar; ecjiH
if
Mcx [mêkh, -gh]m

pi -a,
furs
etc);
-OB 1. fur; 2. furriery; {garments, neck-pieces,
nnqxo He noMemaex nothing interferes; <> He ajio 6bi it would be
3.
wineskin; water-skin.
advisable.
207
Mem|aTb
imperf uiaxb
-aio,
MHM
II
[mî^shat^]
noiivie-
-aeuib,
MHKpo6HOJi6rHH [m^'ikrab^'iAlogîya] microbiology.
MMKp66 [mîkrop, -b] m -a, [p9mî*^shat^] perf, ciMemaxb [s^mî^shat^] perf -OB microbe. [mîlîtAstir MHJiHxapH3M \. (noMemaxb) [coffee,
etc,
maib)
spoon); 2. (cMe(up), mingle, blend; 3. (cMeuiaxb) col confound, mistake {one for an-
with
rîzm]
n'êr] [cf
-a
-a,
militarism.
[mîl^'itjiA-
mix
MHJiHUHOKep
-ob
militiaman
mhjihuhh].
other).
MeiujoK -Ka, -KOB
[m^'i^shok,
1.
-gl
-H
MHJiHUH'ifl [mîl^'itslya] / -h, militia {a governmental
bag; sack; Be-
meBOH ~6k rucksack, knapsack; 2. sack(ful) (o/po/ato<?s,

etc);
responsible body in the for maintaining public order). [mîlîart, -d] MHJiJiHapfl
USSR
nam
card
billion.
-a,
-ob milliard-
MHJiJiHMexp [mîlîmêtr] -OB millimetre. [mîlîon] nam MHJiJiHOH card -a, ob million. [mî^sh^:anMem,aHCK|HH MHjiocxlb [m'Îlas'^t^, -z^'d^] -He 1. / -H, -CH 1. -an, -oe, favour, grace; sk^'iy] a petty bourgeois {attr)\ 2. fig 2. mercy, clemency; charity; narrow- H3 ~-H out of charity; (attr), Philistine welcome!; -minded, vulgar. npocHM! <> ~H MHr [m'îk, -g] tn -a mo- cKaHiHxe Ha b col you don't be so ment, instant; say; cAeJiafixe -b in a flash, in kind. <> B OAHH [mîUy] I a sh f a jiffy. MHJi|biH MHrjaxb [mîgat^] imperf ^, -a, -0, -bi (-bi) 1. nice, -aio, -aeuib, MHrH|yTb [mîgsweet, 2, dear, darling; nut^] perf -y, -eujb, p -yji, 1 1 as a noun m h ji bi h imp -H 1. blink; -yxb ko- -oro, -bix sweetheart, darling, My-Ji. wink at smb; 2. twinlover.
-a,
sleep ing-bag; KM noji rjiasaMH bags under the eyes. see ueMcuiy [mî^shu] CHTb.
<0>
cnajibHbiH
~6k
's
kle,
flicker.
col in
-dz]
MMjija
[m'îlâ]
-h,
-b
MwroM [mîgam] adv
mile.
a flash, in a jiffy. MM3MH|ei; [m^'izînîtj,
-ua, -uee little finger; little toe.
MHMO [m^'ima] adv & prep with gen past, by; nonacxb miss (one's aim); ~ uejiH beside the mark, wide of the
compounds
element of denoting smallness, minuteness: MHKpoa.Mnep

first
MHKpo...
[mîkraAmpêr]microampere;
mark; nponycxHXb ~ yuieri pay no attention to, take no heed of, give no ear to.
<0>-
208
MHMOXOAOM [m'îmAkhodam] adv 1. in passing (by); by the way; 2. in passing {say smth,
etc).
MMMJa
[mîna] /
-bi,
mil, naut mine.
MHHla II [mîna] / -bi, ~ countenance, expression; cêjiaTb KHCjiyK)
leave behind {a place, town, imperf also be in the act of passing / going through (a place, town, etc); 2. {with neg) escape {danger, death, etc); be over, be past; 3. 3HMa oBajia winter is over; <> yji noAp66HOCTH omitetc);
~y
col pull a
wry
face;
<> Aejiaxb xopomyK) ~y npH njioxoH Hrpe put a good face on the matter.
ting details. MMHOMCT [m^'inAm^'ot, -d] -a, -OB (trench) mortar.
MHHOHOcleu
-dz]
[m^'inAnos^'itj,
-ua,
-ucB naut torpe-
MMHAajilb [mîndaP] almond; almond-tree.
m
m
-h
MMHCpaji [mîn'î^ral] -a, -OB mineral {an inorganic subsiance).
do-boat; scKaApeuHbiH ~eu destroyer. MHHyc [mînus, -z] m -a, electr -OB 1. math, minus; 2. drawback, shortcoming.
MHHepajibHbiH [mînî^ral^nty] a mineral {attr). [m^lnîMHHHMajibH|biH mal^niy] a sh f MHHHMajieH,

-a, -o,
-bi
MMHyTJa [m^'inuta]
minute;
/ -bi, -^
minimum
{attr).
MHHHCTepcTBlo [m^'inîs^têrstva] n -a, ^^ ministry, MHp I [mîr] (-y), board {a branch of govern- pi -hi, -OB world, universe;
ment);
<> B ojiHy ~y in no time, in an instant; c ~bi Ha y every minute; '-as ~y to a minute.
US department; Mh- globe, earth; bo bccm ~eall HHCiepCTBO HHOCTpaHHblX A^JI over the world; -~ ^kubothux Ministry of Foreign Affairs; animal world; ~ pacxeHHH MHHHCTepCTBO 4)HHaHC0B Min- vegetable kingdom; istry of Finance; MHHHCTep- <> He OT '-a cero col unCTBO BHyipeHHHx AeJi Ministry of Internal Affairs; MhHHcrepcTBO couHajibHoro o6ecneieHHH Ministry of Social
worldly.
MHp II [m^'ir] -a peace {!) freedom from war or civil disorder; 2) a treaty to end
war);
ohjiot
--a
Maintenance.
stronghold
MHHHCTp
[m'înîstr]
-a,
of peace; aaKjiioMHTb
make
-OB Minister {head of some department of state); <> -- 6e3 nopTêjifl Minister without portfolio. MHH|oBaTb [m'înAvat*'] perf -yio, -ycmb, p -OBaji, imp -yti 1. go past, pass,
peace.
MHplHTb
-lb,
[m^'irît^]
imperf
-H,
-HUJb,
-Hji,
imp
noJMHpHTb
[pamîr^'it'']
[m^'ir'îttso]
per^
reconcile, restore peace.
MHplHTbcji
im-
perf -ibCb, -HUIbCH,
-HJlCa,

-lijiacb,
209
MJianuiiHH
-ee,
MHO
imp
noJMHpHTbCfl
-Hiecb, -HCb, [p9mîr*'itts9]
perf, npH';MHpHTbC5i [prîmî-
make it up r^'ittsa] perf 1. be reconciled {with, smb), (with smb); 2. (npHMMpHTbcn) reconcile oneself {to smth); put up {with smth); ~HTbCH c cosAaBiUHMCH nojio:eHHeM accept the situation; c 9Thm HejibSH --HTbCH it cannot be tolerated. MHpHJbiH [mîrnty] a sh f
MHpeH,
{attr),
-a,
-o,
-bi
1.
[mlatshiy] a 1. younger; the youngest; 2. junior {of lower position, rank, or stand-an,
-He
ing).
MHC [mn^'e] dat & pr of h, MHeHH|e [mn'ênîya] n -h,

-ft opinion, judgement, estimation; o6iuecTBeHHoe ~e public opinion; 6biTb o cede BbicoKoro H think highly / too much of oneself; no moeMy ~K) in my opinion. MHH [mnî] see MHXb. MHMTejibH|biH [mnîtîl^niy] a sh f MHHiejieH, -a, -o, -bi overanxious about one's
peace
ypery-
peaceful;
~oe
jiHpOBaHHe peaceful settlecocymecTBOBament; -^-oe HHe peaceful coexistence; 2. peaceful, peaceable; tranquil,
placid.
health.
pi
zrênîya] n -h, outlook; ideology opinions, way of
MHpoB033peHHle [m^'irsvA-h world

{doctrines,
MH6r|He [mnogîya] I a many; bo ~hx oxHOuieHHHx in many respects; II as a noun m h 6 r h e pi

|
-Hx
many
(people).
MapKCHCTCKO-JieHHHCKOe ~e the Marxist-Leninist outlook. MHpoBOH [mîrAVoy] a world {attr).

MHpojiK)6HBlbiH bîvty] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi peaceable, peace-loving. MHc|Ka [mîska] / -kh, -ok basin {a kind of bowl); (soup) tureen. mhcch|si [mîsîya] / -h,
-H 1. mission {a special task, work); 2. dipt mission, legation.
MHoro [mnoga] I adv 1. much, a lot, a great deal; 2. (with comp) much; II as a num many, plenty of, a lot of; much; [mîralû- <> HH ~ HH Majio no less
thinking);
than.
MHoro66pb e [mnagAbor^'ya] n -H sport combined compeI
tition.
MHoro3HaHHTejibH|biH [mnagaznAchîtîl^niy] a sh f MHorosHaHHTejieH, -a, -o, -u significant {look, etc); meaningful.
MMTHHr
-a,
[mît^'ink,
-g]
MHorojieTHHH [mnagAlêt^nîy]
-oB (mass) meeting, rally. MHUjeH|b [mîshen''] / -h, -eft target {also fig). [mlAdên^'itj, MjiaflCHleu -dz] -ua, -ueB baby, infant.
1.
of
many
years;
TpyA many years' work;

bot perennial.
2,
[mnagaMHoroceMeHH|b!H sî^mêyniy] a ^h f MHoroce-
MHO
MeeH,
-a,
-o,
-bi
having
a
210
-ee,
-an,
-H
-He, sh f
-,
-a,
-e,
large family.
powerful, mighty.
MHorocTOp6HH|iiH
stAFon'Tiîy]
sh
-e,
[mnagaMnoro1.
Moryiii,ccTB|o [mAgush^^.istva] n -a power, might.
CTopoHeH, polygonal,
-H,
-H
math
2.
3.
multilateral;
{treaty, etc);
MOflja [moda] / -bi,~ fashion, vogue,
multilateral
many-sided, versatile. MHoroMHCJieHH|biH [mn9gAch'*is^l''mnty] a sh f mhoroMHCJieH, -a -o, -bi numerous.
[mAdel^] / -h, -eft {of a ship, etc); 2. pattern, model; 3. style, model. Moe [mAyo] pron n Moero,
MOfleji|b
1.
model
MoeM-y,
~, MOHM
(o)
-M
see
MH6)KecTB|o
[mnozhastva]
{of),
(o/);
MOH.
-a
great
{of),
---o
number
lots
deal
{of).
great 68Cko-
HeHHoe
infinite
number
im-
MH6)K[HTb
perf
-b,
[mnozhtt^]
p -hji, imp noJMHo^HTb [pAmnozhU'']

-y,
-Hiub,
Moero [mayi^vo] gen & ace MOe; MOH, gen of see MOH. dat, Moeft [mAyey] gen instr & pr of moji; see moh. MoeiM [mAyom] pr of moh. MoeMy [mayi^mu] dai of
of
perf, yJMHOJKHTb [umnozhit*']

2. perf 1. math multiply; increase, (yMH6>KHTb) mul-
MOH & Moe; see moh. MoeK) [mAyeyu] instr
of
tiply,
augment.
MHOH [mnoy], mhok) [mnoyu] instr of h. MHy [mnu], MHeujb[mnôsh,

-zh] see unih.
moh; see moh. [mozhna] impers MOJKHO predic one can; it is possible; one may; sto cjêjiaTb one can do it, it can be done; sAecb ~ KypHib
MHycb [mnus**
cji
-z''],
MHeuib-
[mnôshs'â] see MHibcn. M06HJiH3auH|fl [mab'îl'îz^tjtya] / -H mobilization

{also fig).
one may smoke here; smoking is allowed here, ecjiH ^ (it is) possible; KaK -' if
66jihiuQ as much as possible; as many as possible; KaK -' CKopee as soon as possible;
~-
Mo6HjiH3loBdTb
ZAVat^] perf
-yeiub,
[m9b'*il''i-yio,
-yfl
& imperf
imp
BOHTH?
may
col
[we]
it's
come
-OBaji,
in?;
mobilize {forces, means, etc). Mor [mok, -g], Morjia [niAgla] see Moqb.
^
<>
KaK
~!
out of
-a (-y),
the question!
MorMJi|a [mAgîb] / grave, tomb.
-bi,
M03r [mosk,
pi
-H,
-zg]
Mory
[mAgu],
M6)Kemb
a
[mozhas'i, -zh] see MOMb.
-OB brain; kocthmh marrow {of the bones); KocTeM col to the <0> AG bone; uieBCJiHTb awH col
~a
MoryH|HH
[mAguch^'iy]
use one's brains.
211
MOJl
-H
M036jl|b [mAzol^] / -H. pi corn, callus, callos-eft
(<)/
ning-cable; 3. special issue a newspaper); 4. zipper,
ity.
MOH [mAi] pron

'-'
pi -x,
-m,
(-x),
-MH, (o) -X see

Instr of
I
moh.
slide fastener. MOJioAe)K|b [malAdôsh, -zh] / -H youth, young people.
MOMM [mAim]
moh
&
Moe; see moh.

Moii
I
[moy]
corresp to ^
m Moero,
MOHM,
n,
pron poss MoeMy,

(o)
(MOero),
/,
MOeM,
MOJioA|eTb [malAdêt^] imnoJMOjiGperf -eK), -eeiub, flexb [pamaUdêt''] perf look younger, feel rejuvenated / younger; grow young again.
Moa
Moe
mom pi my;
mine;
II as a noun moh pi -x my ce6H ~u,6m behave magnifip&o^\% Xrelatives). moh II [moy] see mmtb. cently; ~eu! col well done!, MOHCfl [moysâ], MOHxecb good for you [him, etc]\ [moytîs^, -1^] see Mbixbcq. mojioaIoh [mslAdoy] a sh f MOKHlyxb [moknuf'J im- MojiOA, -a, mojioao, mojioau
MOJiOAlei; [maUdêtj, -4z] -ua, -uoB brick, fine fellow/lad; girl; fine BecTH
perf -y, -euib,

MOKJia,
p mok
(-yji),
1.
young
{of
age);
2.
new
age;
in
soak noA
rain.
-H become wet; {remain in liquid); -^-yxb AO>KAeM be out in the
imp
{potatoes, wine, etc).
MOJiOAOcxlb
[mobdas^t^,
-z^d^] / -H youth, <> He nepBOH
young
not
~h
MOKpoTJa [mAkrota] phlegm {mucus).

MOKplbiH
'
,
-bi
[mokrty]
-bi
-a,
-o,
a sh f wet, soggy;
to
one's first youth. Mojiome [mAlozhi^] of MOJIOAOH.

Mo.riOK|6
comp
n
-a
-a,
[maUko]
-d]
<>
bIM
flO
HMTKH wet
nee
col
the
skin; y --0M Mecxe
rjiasa
Ha
is
milk. MOJiox
-OB
[molat,
(/)
she
close
cry-baby;
tears.
MO.JI
she
is
a to
a machine for beating, breaking, etc; 2) ^port); napOBOH steam-
hammer
[mol] m -a, -ob pier, breakwater. MOjiBJa [mAlva] / -bi 1. rumour, general talk; HAet a
it is
-hammer.
MOJioxHJiJKa [malAtîlka] f -OK threshing-machine. MOJIOX Hxb [malAtît^] imperf MOJioîy, MOJioxHuib, p -HJi, imp -H thresh. mgjiox|6k [m3lAt6k, -g} m. -Ka, -KOB hammer {for driving^ in nails, etc); mallet;
-KH,
I
rumoured
that;
2.
fame
{reputation).
MOJiAaeaHlHH
nîn] -Hna, Moldavian. MOjiflaBCKJHH [mAldafskîy]
[maldAva-
a -an,
-H
I.
-oe, -He Moldavian. m6jihh|s! [molnîya] / -h,
gavel.
lightning; 2. col light-
[mAlot^] MOJiolxb imperf MeAK), MCJieuib, p -A, imp
MOJI
cjMOjioTb
212
MejiH,
[smAlot^]
perf grind, mill;

<> ~Tb B3A0p col talk nonsense. Moji6HH|biH [mAl6ch''nfy] a 1. milk {attr), dairy; 2. milch {cow). M0jiHajiH3|biH [malch^'i^l*'!viy] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -u 1. taciturn, reticent; 2. tacit, unspoken, silent. MOJiHaHH|e [mAlch^'an^'iya] n -H silence {not talking,
etc);
<> npHHRTb HTO-JI. 3a HHcxyio ~y take smth at its face value; (0T)n,jiaTHTb toh
iKC
~0H pay smb

coin.
in
his
own
f -H,
-a.
MOHonojiHifl [manApol^'iya]
-ft monopoly. MOHTa>K [mAntash, -zh]
pi
-H,
-eft
1.
technol
assembly, mounting, installing;

2. montage. MOHxep [mAn''t''6r]
1.
-a,
-OB
fitter
etc,
xpaHHTb
keep
si-
installs,
person who machinery); 2.

(a
lence;
Ô'
060HTH '-CM pass over
in
silence.
MOJiM|aTb [mAlch^'at^] imperf -y, -Huib, p -aji, imp

-H keep silent. MOJI b
I
silent
silence,
/
-H,
be
-eft
[moP]
(clothes-)moth;
Hs-beAeHHbm
~bK) moth-eaten. MOMCHT [mAm^'ent, -d] m -a, -OB 1. moment, instant;

2.
electrician. MOpaji|b [mAral^j / -h, -eft morality; 1. morals, ethics; 2. moral, moral lesson; <> HHTaib ~b KDMy-ji. lecture smb. MOpajibHlbiH [mAral^niy] a -bi sh f MOpajieH, -a, -o, 1. moral, ethical; 2. spiritmental; ~bifl Ayx moual,
rale.
-aKD,
feature, peculiarity; point (m a report, etc); sto HHiepecHbiH that is an interesting point; <* xeKymHH the present situation.
Mopr|aTb [mArgat^j imperf -aemb, MOprH|yTb [mArgperf

-y,
nut*']
-eiub,
p
(at);
-yji,
imp
-H blink,
wink
MOMeHrajibHO
mam^rn-
<> He ~HyB rjiaaoM co/ without batting an eyelid. M6p;i|a [morda] / -bi, -' 1. muzzle, snout; 2. col mug,
t^l^na] adv instantly, on the spot, immediately.
MOHapxHJfl [mAnar^kh^'iya]
/ -H,
monarchy. [mAngol] -OB Mongolian.

-fl
MOHFOJi
-a,
ugly face. MOple [mor^'a] n -h, pi -h, Ha Mope at sea; y -eft sea; H by the sea; by the seaMopcM overseas, 3a side;
beyond the
<> Kanjin
sea;
M0Hr6;ibCK|HH skîy] a -an, -oe,

golian.,
[mAngol**-He Mon/
-bi,
~e
-HJi,
drop
in
the bucket.
MOp|HTb
-K),
[mAr^'it'']
imperf
-H
1.
MOHeT|a [mAHêta]
coin;
-Huib,
imp
exterminate
{vermin,
pest.

etc);
2.
213
MOpMK [mArâk,
-g]
MOM
exhaust, bore, tire; rojiOAOM starve, cause to starve.
-a,
-j**]
~HTb
-OB sailor, seaman.
M0CKBH4 [mAskvîch^,
MOpKOBJb
-H carrot(s).
[mArkof^, -v^] /
-a,
-efl
Muscovite, inhab-
itant of
Mop6iKeH|oe [mArozhanaya]
Moscow. mock6bck|hh [mAskofskîy]

-oe, -He
n -oro ice-cream. Mopos [mAros,

(-y),
a -an
-z]
Moscow
-zd]
(a//r).
-a
MOOT [most,
pi
-bi,
-OB frost {extreme cold); no KOHce noAHpaex col flesh makes one's it creep. MopoclMTb [marASît**] imperf -HT drizzle; (AO>KAb) HT it's drizzling; it drizzles.
<>
m-a(-a), -OB bridge {across a

etc);
stream,
noATjeMBbiH
-^
drawbridge. M0CT0B|iji [mastAvaya] -OH, -bix roadway.
/
-a,
MOTHB [mAf'if,
-OB
2.
1.
-v]
m
-a,
motive, cause, ground;

tune.
MopcK|6H [mArskoy] a
-6e,
-an,
mus
-He sea {attr), marine, nautical, naval; annexoTa marines; -ân CBHHKa zool guinea pig; -ân aeesAa 200/ starfish; <> OH BOjiK old salt; aa 6ojie3Hb seasickness. Mopui,MH|a [mArsh^'iina] / -bi, wrinkle (m the skin). MopmJHTb [m6rsh^:it^] im-
MOTop [mAtor]
motor, engine.
-ob
-a,
motoi;hkji [matAtslkl] -OB motor-cycle. Mox [mokh, -gh]

(-a),
pi MXH,
m Mxa MXOB bot moss.

[mAkhnatty] a
-bi
1.
MoxHarlbiH
sh f --, -a, -0,
hairy;
perf -y, -Huib, p
-hji,
imp-h,
[nAmorsh^-.it^j per/.feiMopmHTb [smorsh'^.it^]
HaJMopmHTb
1.
perf
(HaMopmHTb):
HXb
no6
one's brow; 2. (cMopiUHTb) wrinkle, pucker,

knit
contract.
shaggy; 2.: ~oe nojioienue Turkish towel. MOHJa [mAch^'a] / -h urine. MOHaji|Ka [mAchâlka] /-kh, -OK wisp of bast {used in taking a bath). MOH|HTb [mAchît''] imperf -y, MOHHiub, p -HJi, imp -h wet, make wet; 2. soak, 1.
saturate. MOHb [moch''] imperf Mory,
M6>Keiiib,
Jia,
MopmlHTbCJi [m6rsh^:ittja] imperf -ycb, -HiiibCH. p -hjich,

HaJMOpIMHTbCfl [nAmorshîittja] perf, ciMOpij^HTbcn [sm6rsh^:itt^sa] perf (HaMopmHTbCH) knit one's 1.
-HJiaCb,
MoryT, p Mor, MorciMOMb [smoch^] perf be
able; oh cAeJiaex Bce, mtomoJKCT he'll do all he can; oh
brow;
face;
up one's
(cMopmHTbcn) screw M6H<eT noHTH c BaMH? can he face, make a wry go with you?; may he go shrivel; oh CMopmHJiCH with you?;
2.
OT 66jih his face was distorted with pain.
<>
MOJKCT
6biTb
perhaps,
maybe; Momei 6wTbH...; mo-
MOID
214
JKCT 6bITb OH H B ropOAC,
HO
H He ysepeH he might be in town, but I'm not sure; hc MOHcex 6wTb! it's impossit)le!; you don't say!
', -a, -o, -bi wise, sagacious, judicious. MyjK [mush, -zh] -a, pi
-bH, -eft
husband. MyiKecTBeHH|wH
[muzhast-
v^mniy] a sh f MymecTBCH, -a, -o, -bi manly, courageous. -g] m -a, -ob swindler. [mosh^-.nas^t^, MyjKecTBJo [muzhastva] n MoiUHocTlfa
moui6hhhk
[mAshen^nîk,
-z^d**] / -H, -eft technol output, capacity; power, horse-
power;
HOMHHaJlbHaH
~b
rated capacity.
M6iu,H|b!H
[mosh^miy]
-a, -o, -bi
sh f Momen,
ful.
a power[momoh;
MOK) [moyu],
Moeuib
of
courage, valour, fortitude. MyjKCKioH [mushskoy] a -5h, -He 1. male; man's, -6e, men's; gentlemen's; 2. ling masculine. [mush^n'na] MyiKHiiaja m -bi, man, male. MyaeJH [muzêy] m -h, -cb
-a
yosh, -zh] see Mbiib. MOK) [mAyu] dat

see
museum.
My3biK|a [muzika]
/ -h
muthe
MOH. MOiocb [moyus^, -z^], m6euibcfl [moyashsâ] see MbiTbCH. MOfl
sic (/) sweet sounds; 2) art of producing such).
[mAya]
proti
f Moefl,
My3biKajibH|biH [muztkal^n*y] a sh f MysbiKajien, -a, -o, -bi music (attr), musical;
paniment; HMCTb ~bift cjiyx have an ear for music. My3biKaHT [muzikant, -d] m -a, -OB musician. HocTH it is shrouded in MyKJa [mtjks] / -h, -^ tormystery. ment, torture; --h cobccth ^-h MpaMop [mramar] m -a mar- pangs of conscience; ble. TBopqecTBa throes of creation. MpaHH|biH [mrach^niy] a MyK|a [muka] / -h meal, sh f MpaMCH, -a, -o, -bi 1. flour; KapT6(j)ejibHaH ~a podark, gloomy, sombre; 2. tato-starch. gloomy, dismal. MyHAHp [mun^dîr] m -a, MCTHJib [ms^tît^] imperf -OB full dress coat.
MLuy,
-uib,
MOeH, MOK), Moeft (Moeio), (o) Moeft see moh. MpaK [mrak, -g] m -a gloom, darkness, blackness; --CM HCHseecT<C> noKpbiTO
~oe conpoBOÂCHHe accom-
-ji,
imp
~,
OTOMCTlHTb [AtAmS^tît^] per/ OTOMmy, -Huib, p -HJi, imp revenge oneself {upon), -H avenge; ~Tb Bpary take veng3ance on one's enemy. IviyAPlb'H [mudrly] a sh f
-hi, Mypaelefi [murAV^'ey] -bCB ant. -a, -ob MycKyji [muskul]
muscle.
/n -a 1. derubbish, refuse; (75 garbage; 2. sweepings^ rubbish:
Mycop [musar]
bris,
~
KopsHHa
fl,Jisi
215
MbIT
place now; oh 6hiJi c naMH he was with us; hto oh roMycoponpoBOA ImusarsprA- BOpHJi Te6e o nac? what did -ob refuse he tell you about us?; 2. in vot, -d] m -a, combination with the prep c chute; US garbage chute. MyTHlbiH [mutniy] a sh f and another pron pers or noun MyieH, -a, -o, -u 1. turbid, denoting 'smb else and I': mm muddy; 2. fig dull, lacklus- c 6paT0M my brother and I; tre. y Hac c HUM ecTb 6HJieTbi he
--a
waste-pa-
per-basket.
Myxja [mukha] /
{an
insect);
-h,
fly
<> ACJiaTb H3
make
mountain
CJIOHa out of a
tickets. [mil], Mbijia see MbiTb. MbijilHTb [mllît^]

I
and
have
Mbiji
[mfla]
imperf
-b,
nolehill.
-K),
-Huib,
-HJI,
imp
Hai-
[muchênîya] n MbijiHTb [nAmflît^] perf soap; HaMbijiHTb rojioey KOMy-ji. -^n, -H torture, torment. give smb a good ratMyHJHTb [muchît^l imperf col
MyneHHle
-y (-aio), -Hiub (-aeiub),
-hji,
ing.
Mbijijo
-b (-aft), saiMyHHTb [zamuchît^] perf, HBJMyHHTb [izmuchît^j perf 1. torture, torment; ero -ht noAarpa he is martyr to gout; 2. harass, worry, tease. Mxa [mkha], mxob [mkhof, -v] see Mox. MHaJTbcji [mchâttsa] imperf IvmyCb, MMHIUbCH, p -JICH, -Jiacb, imp MHHCb, ivwHTecb -tlch rush / speed along; cjioMH rojioBy rush headlong; BpeMH M^HTCH time flies. n Miii,eHH|e [msh^:enîy8] -H vengeance, revenge. Mmy [msh^m] see MCTHXb. Mbi [mi] pron pers pi 1st person nac, HaM, uac, HaMH, (o) Hac 1. we; 6e3 Hac without He dbiJio we us; Hac TaM weren't there; sry KHHry AaJi HaM OH it was he who gave us the book; Tbi rhacji nac?
imp
[mlla]
-a,
pi
-a,
~, -aM soap.
MbiJicn
[milsâ],
Mbijiacb
[mHas^,
-hi,
-z^] see Mbixbcn.
[mtPnîtja] / soap-box, soap-tray. MbijibHbiH [mtPniy] a soap {attr), soapy; <> -- nysbipb soap-bubble. Mbic [mis, -z] m -a, pi -u,
MbijibHHu,|a
promontory. [mis^P] / -H, -eft thought, idea; nppBOAHTb ~b adhere to an idea; no h ^BTOpa according to the author; eMy npHmJia b rojiosy ~b a thought occurred to him; <> 66pa3 -CH way of think-OB cape, Mbicjilb
(one's) views. MbiTb [mit^] imperf mok), Moeuib, p MhiJi, Mbijia, imp MOH, BbiMbiJTb [vlmit^] per/
ing;
did you see us?; Bhktop ceftâc y Hac Victor is at our
BblMOeUIb, p -Jl, -Jia, imp BblMOH, nG|MbITb [pAmit^j perf wash {clean with water).
BblMOK),
MbIT
216
MHcjo [mâsa]
MbiTbcsi [m+ttsa] imperf m6lOCb, MOeillbCH,

i/iacb,
-a
flesh;
imp
p MblJlCH, MblMOHCH, MOHxecb,

[vim*ttS9]
pe/f
-bIJICH,
meat
{food);
BblMlblTbCH
-OKDCb,
-biJiacb,
-OeUJbCJI,
-OHTecb, noiMbiTbCfl [pAmittsa] per] wash, wash oneself; b BanHe have / take a bath. MbiMJaTb [michât^] imperf
imp -OHCH,
<> nyiueHHoe cannon-fodder. MjiTejK [m^'i^têsh, -zh] -a, -eft mutiny, revolt.
~o
MHeujb,
MHTb [mât^] imperf MHy, p MHJi, MHjia, imp
-y,
-Hiiib,
-aji,
imp
2.
-h
1.
low, moo, bellow;

MbiiiijieHH|e
fig col
mumble, hem and haw.

[mtshPenîya]
-bi,
n -H thinking, thought.
Mbiuiuja [m+shtja] / anat muscle. Mbiui|b [mish, -zh] -efl mouse;
MHH, HSMHJTb [\z^m^ki^\ per H30MHy, H30MHemb, p -Ji, imp H30MHH, noMH|Tb [pAmâf*] perf noMHy, noMHemb, p -r^ imp noMHH, pasMnJTb [rAz**mât^] perf pasoMHy, pasoMHeiub, p -JI, imp pasoMHH, CMJi|Tb [s^'m^'at^j perf coMHy,
coMHeiiib,
-ji,
imp comhh
1.
/ -H,
<> jiexyMaji
~b
zool bat.
M^rK|HH [mâkhk^'iy] a-an, -oe, -He, sh f mhfok, -a, -o,

-H soft;
gentle, sweet, mild; -~aH Me6ejib upholstered fur-
(pasMHTb) knead; 2. (HSMJiTb, noMHTb, CMHTb) crumple, rumple, muss. MHTbcsi [mâttja] imperf MHyCb, MHeiUbCH, p MHJICH, MHJiacb, H3MH{Tbcii [iz^m^'attsa]per/ H30MHeTC5I, p -JICH, -.nacb, noJMHTbCH [pAm'âttja] perf, cMfl|TbC5i[s*'mâttja]per/ coMHeicH, p -;icH, -jiacb 1. get
niture;
~HH
x;ie6 fresh bread;
~HH
see
xapaKTep sweet temper.
MMji [mâl], Mfljia
[mâb]
MHJiacb
MHTb.
[mâlsâ],
Mnjicfl
[mâlas^, -z^] see MHTbCH. mhch|6h [m^'i^snoy] a meat

{attr)\
crumpled, become rumpled; (noMHTbCH) fig col hesitate, waver, display indeci2.
sion.
~aH
nnma
animal
/
MH4
-eft
[m^'ach'',
-j^]
-a,
food; ~faie KOHcepBbi tinned
canned meat.
ball {of rubber or leather)', play ball. Hrpaxb B
H
Ha
tonic
I
[na;
in
the in position nA; second and other pretonic pona; in a stressed positions
st tiori
the first
p re-
na]
prep
i^'ith
pr
denoting 1. position, location on the surface of: Ha cxojie on the table; Ha 6yMare on paper; na noxojiKe on the BHcexb Ha noxojiKe ceiling

hang from the
sition,
217
Ha
ceiling; 2. polocation in some area, etc, at the scene of some action,

etc:
on the third day; na pOHCAecTBo at Christmas; nasnaMHTb mo-Ji. Ha cpeAy [Aecnxoe
Ha ypajie in the Urals; um.n.] fix smth for WednesHa yjiHUe in the street; out- day [the tenth, etc]; nojiodoors; Ha ceeepe in the north; menue na nepBoe Mapxa situon the north; Ha co6paHHH at ation as on the first of March;
a meeting; Ha in a factory,
3.
npeAnpHHTHH
at a
factory;
means of communication, instrument of performing an action: exaib na noesAe go by train; exaib na MauiHHe drive / ride in a car; KaxaTbCH Ha KOHbKax skate; Hrpaxb na CKpHHKe play the violin; Ha rOBOpHTb (})paHUy3CK0M H3biKe speak French; 4. the time of an action: na jiecArou roAy CBoeft h3hh in one's tenth year; na npoiujiOH neneJie last week; na toh hcACJie last week; na stoh hcAeJie this week; na 6y;^yIêH Heêjie next week; 5. the fact that smth is made with smth, that smth is used as a fuel, etc: BapeHbe na caxape jam made with sugar; ABHrarejib pa66TaeT na 6eH3HHe the engine works on petrol; II with ace denoting 1. movement directed to, towards smth: nOJIOJKHTb MTO-Jl. Ha CTOJI put smth on the table; noeecHib q,To-Ji. Ha BepesKy hang smth on a line; noHTH na paSoiy go to work; noexaxb na roctok go (to the) east; go eastwards; noes;! na JleHHHPpaA a train to / for Leningrad; 2. a period of time, the time of an action: njian na roA a plan
for a
purpose, aim, etc: pacxoAbi Ha BoeHHbie nyjKAbi war expenditure; npaBO Ha TpyA [Ha o6pa30BaHHe u m. n.] right to work [education, etc]; na ^ô to Te6e nyjKHO?
3.
col
what do you need

quantity,
it
for?;
4
etc:
measure,
limit,
KynHib khmf na nnxb buy five roubles' worth of books; pa3AejiHTb Ha HecKOJibKo qacTeft divide into several parts; o6eA na
py6jieH
HHTepbix dinner for five; h3BecTHocTb Ha Becb MHp world renown; no abc khhfh Ha KajKAoro two books for each; npoAasaTb ^to-.t. na sec [na MCTp u m. n.\ sell smth by weight [by the metre, etc]; 5. quantative difference Sc ratio: Ha RHTb HejioBCK 66jibme[MeHbmejfive people more [less]; na MecHU paHbuie [n63Hce] one month earlier [later]; onosAaTb na AecHib MHHyi be ten minutes late; naceJienHe bo3pocjio [yMeHbuiHjiocb] na oahh MHJiJiHOH the population increased [decreased] by a million; OAHH Ha TbiCHMy one in a thousand; 6. mode of action: roBopHTb Ha naMHTb speak by heart; BepHXb KOMy-Ji. na cjioBO take smb's word [for smth);
7. multiplier, factor, sor by;
or divi-
year; aa
TpeiHH
;teHfa
Ha
218
collect {a certain quantity of); recruit {workers, etc); ~aTb HOMep Tejieôna. <> dial a telephone number; HaCpaib BOflbi B pox col
<> Ha MOHX rjiasax before my eyes; in my presence. Ha II fna] part imperative col here, here you are, take it. Ha... pref of verbs denoting 1. direction of an action onto
or to smth: Ha6p6cHTb [nAbrosît^] throw {on, over)\ HaKJieHTb [nAkl^'eit^] stick on, paste on; HaAasPiTb [nadAvît^] press, exert pressure or on; 2. a full, intensive, excessive character of an acHaKHâTb [nakîdat^] tion: throw about; litter a place {with smth); 3. a small degree
2.
keep
mum.
see
smth
Ha6HXb
HadHsaxb.
HaSjiioflaxejibHlbiH
[nabPu-
a sh f m6j\\o]\i' xejieH, -a, -o, -u 1. observant, keenly watchful; 2. observation {attr); ~biH nyHKx observation post. [nablûdat^] Ha6jiK)Alaxb imperf -aio, -aeuib 1. observe, watch; 2. take care (o/), look of an action'. naneBaxb [na- {after), keep an eye {on); 3. pî^vat^] hum, croon; sing supervise, control, watch. softly; 4. {with -ch) an action [nablûdêHa6jiK)fleHHie resulting in complete satis- nîya] n -h, -ft 1. observa[nAyestja] tion, watching; 2. superinfaction: HaecTbCH eat one's fill; 5. the perfec- tendence, supervision, conaspect: nanoHib [na- trol; 6bixb noA ~eM be under tive pAit^] perf of noHTb. observation; be under conHaSejio [nabîb] adv: nepe- trol. Ha66p [nAbor] m -a, -oe 1. nHcaxb make a clean copy. [nabîrîzh- admission, enrolling, enrolHaSepe^HJan naya] / -oh, -bix embankment; recruitment, taking on ment, quay. {of workers, employees); 2. enadmitted candiHa^HBlaTfa [nabîvat^] im- rolment, perf -aio, -aciub, HaSJHjb [nA- dates; 3. complete set, colHHCxpyNienxoB tool bît^] perf -bib, -beiiib, p -hji, lection;
datîl^nty]
0 col
pyKy na hcm-ji. <> ~ cjioB jumble of words. Ha6pacbiB|axbCH [nAbrastknack of doing smth; HaSHTb ocKOMHHy set vattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, [nAbrosîttja] one's teeth on edge {also fig); Ha6p6|cHXbCJi arb Heny drive up the perf -iiiycb, -CHuibCH, p -chjiCH, -CHJiacb, imp -Cbcn, -cbprice. HagHplaib [nabîrat^] im- xecb fall (upon), pounce (on);
imp
-eft
stuff with,
fill
with;
kit,
HaSHTb
get
the
-aeiiib, Ha6plaTb perf -aio, [nAbrat^] perf Ha6epy, na-
attack, assault.
6epemb, p -an, -ajia, -ajio, -aJiH, imp Ha6epH 1. gather,
HaSpaib see Ha6Hpaxb. Ha6p6cHXbCH see Ha6pacbi'

BaXbCH.

HaeeflaTbCfl
see
219
imp -ah
(a
Has
-Aeiub, p Hadirect, head;
HaBCAbi-
s^tî] perf -Ay,

BeJi, -Jia,
BaTbCH.
HaBeflbiBJaxbCJi [nAVêdivaimparf -aiocb, -aeiiibCH, [nAVêdattsa] HaeejljaTbCJi perf -aiocb, -aeiubCH co/ visit,
tts9]
aim
cjieA
gun, etc); ~0AHXb Ha put on the track; --'OAHXb
pay a call. HaeepHO [nAVêrna] parenth probably, most likely; oh, --, 3a6oJieji probably he has fallen ill, he must have fallen
ill.
Ha Mbicjib suggest the idea; make [smb) think {that...); <> --OAHxb nopÂOK introduce proper order; put to rights; ~OAHTb cxpax inspire fear; 'OAHxb KpHXHKy criticize;
OAHTb
quiries.
cnpaBKH
make
in-
HaeepCTaTb
eaxb.
see
HaBepcTbi-
HaBOAHeHH|e
nîya] n dation.
-h,
[navAdnêflood,
-h
inun-
HaeepCTbiBlaxb [nAVôrstivat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, HaBepcTJaTb [navî^rstat^] perf

-aro,
-aeiub
make
up
for,
catch up on; HaeepcxaTb noTepHHHoe speMji make up for lost; HaeepcraTb the time ynymeHHoe make up for the opportunities missed. Haeepx [uAVêrkh, -gh] adv 1. up, upward(s); 2. upstairs, up the stairs. Haeepxy [navî^rkhu] adv 1. above; 2. upstairs (on an
Haeos [nAvos, -z] -a manure, dung, muck. HaBOJioM|Ka [navalach^ka] / -KH, -eK pillow-case. HaBcerAa [nafsî^gda] adv forever. [nAfstrêchû] HaecxpeHy be adv: ABHraxbCH KOMy-Ji.
moving
nomeji
to
efi
meet
a car
her;
he exajia
meet
smb;
oh went to MauiHHa
the
was coming
from
opposite direction;
upper floor). Haeec [uAvês, penthouse, -OB roof; awning.

col a bit
-z]
-a,
HATH <> smb half-way.

HaBbiK
-OB
smth.).
KOMy-ji.
-g] {in
meet
sloping
[navtk,
skill see
-a,
habit,
doing
Haeecejie [nav'isî^lê] adv
drunk. HaeecTH see HaBOAHXb.

see
HaBHsaxb
HaBHSbmaxb.
HaeecxHxb Haeemlaxb
imperf cx|Hxb
-aio,
HaBemaxb.
Haeeperf
[navî^shîat^]
-aeiiib,
[navî'^s^t^'it^]
[nAVâsh'".iHaBflSHHBJbiH viy] a sh f ^, -a, -o, -u 1. obtrusive, importunate; 2. - an hach fixed idea, fig: idee fixe.
Hasemy, -Hiiib, p -iiJi, imp -h HaBHSMBJaxb [nAVâztvat^] visit, pay a call. imperf -aio, -aeiub, HaBsi|3aTb HaB|oAHXb [navAdît^] im- [navî^zat**] perf -JKy, naBHperf -omy, -oflHUIb, p -OAHJI, xêuib, p -3aji, imp -jkh imimp -OAH, HaeeicTH [navî^ pose (one's ideas, etc, on smb).
'',
Har
220
Harpeib pyKH
col
perf
-yji,
HarH6|aTb [nagîbat^] im-aeuib, -aio, HarnlyTb
<>
line
[nAgnuf] perf -y, -euib, p imp -H bend (a tree, one's
head, etc). [nagîbattsa] HarH6|aTbCJi imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, na[nAgnuttsa] rHJyTbCJi perf
-ycb, -eiubCH, p -yjicH, -yjiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb stoop, bow,
one's coat. Harpy>K|aTb [nagruzhat''] imperf -aio, -aeuib, Harpy|3HTb [nagruzît^] perf -my,
HarpysHuib
(-SHiijb),
-3hji,
imp
etc);
-3H
2.
1.
load (a ship, horse, burden, load {with
work,
etc).
bend.
Harjiocxlb [naglas^t'', -z^d^] impudence, insolence, -H f effrontery, brazenness. HarjijbiH [nagliy] a sh f --', -a, -0, -bi impudent, insolent,
brazen; ~ayi jio>Kb blatant lie. HarjiflAH|biH [nAglâdniy] a sh f HarJiHAeH, -a, -o, -bi 1. poAOM over the town; HaMH visual {methods of teaching, above us; naAO mhoh above dominaaids, etc); 2. graphic, obvious; me; 2. superiority, AOKaaaTCjibCTBO visual tion, prevalence over; 3. the ---oe evidence; graphic demonstra- fact that an action is directed MeM-Ji. tion. at smth; pa66TaTb HarnyTb see HarH6aTb. work at / on smth; saAyMbiHarHyrbCfl see HarH6aTbC5i. BaxbCH '^ qeM-ji. meditate HaroTOBe [nagAtov**!] adv on smth; ponder over smth. readiness, all HaAO... pref I of in and set HaA..., ready. verbs denoting 1. addition: Harpa;i|a [nAgrada] / -bi, HaAcrpoHTb [uAtstroit''] raise -^ reward; award {for smth). {a building); build a superHarpaAMTb see HarpaÂaTb. structure; 2. partial character Harpa>KA|aTb [nagrAzhdat''] of an action: HaAopeaTb [naimperf -aio, -aeuib, Harpa- dArvat^] tear slightly; naAjtJMTb [nagrAd^'it^j perf na- KycHTb [natkus^'it''] give a rpa>Ky, -Huib, p -hji, imp -h bite, nibble {at smth); and adjectives 1. reward, give a reward {to)\ II of nouns award {a decoration, prize, denoting position, location etc); 2. fig endow with {tal- above, over smth: HaAseMHbifi ent, etc). [uAdz^'emnty] overground; HarpcBJaTb [nagr**i^vat^] HaACTpoHKa [UAtstroyka] suimperf -k\o, -aeiub, Harpe|Tb perstructure. [uAgr^'et*'] -k>, -eiiib HaAeeiaxb [nad'î^vat^] imperf warm, heat; perf -aK), -aeuib, HaAeJTb [nA-
[nat; in the first pretonic position UAt, -d; in the second and other pretonic nat, positions -d], HaAO [nada; in the first pretonic position nadA] prep with instr denoting 1. position, location, or movement above or over smth over; above; -~ ro-
HaA
221
6bijio
Hae
dêt'*]
perf -ny, -Heiub,

{clothes,
-ji,
Sunday and he need not come;

Te6e He
sqepa npHneedn't have '^ hope; noTepHTb BCHKyio come yesterday; you shouldn't y Ha... lose all hope of...; have come yesterday; ~ 6biJio HH MajieftuieH --bi not the BHAeTb, KaK OHo6paAOBaJiCH! you should have seen how slightest hope. [nAdôzhniy] glad he was!; hto saM --? HaACiKHlbiH a sh f HaAe>KeH, -a, -o, -bi what do you want / need?; <> raK eMy h ~I col serves 1. reliable, safe; dependable; him right! 2. reliable, trustworthy. HaAO II see naAHaflCTb see HaAeBaib.
etc).
imp -Hb put on
HaAejKflla [nAdêzhds] /
-bi,
xoAHTb
you
Hafle|5iTbC5i
[nAdêyattja]
-euibCH, p-HjicH, imp -HCH, -fixecb 1. -HJiacb, hope; 2. rely (on), trust. -a 1. suHaA36p [nAdzor] control; surveilpervision, '2.: caHHTapHbiH lance; sanitary inspection; npoKy-
imperf
-locb,
HaAo... see HaA... [nadayi^dat''] HaAoeAJaTb
imperf -aK), -aeuib, HaAolecTb [nadAyes^t^] perf -eM, -euib, -ecT, -eAHM, -eAHxe, -eAHT, p
popcKHH the procurator's

'
supervision; the procurator's

office.
imp -eiiib 1. pester, bother; plague, annoy; bore {smb)\ 2. impers: euy naAoejio... he is sick and tired of... HaAOJiro [nAdolga] adv for
-eJi,
a long
-eft
HaAMeHH|biH [nAdmênniy] a sh f HaAMeHeH, -a, -o, -u haughty, arrogant, supercilious.
time {arrive, leave, etc). HaAnMcjb [natpîs**, -z^]t/-H,
superscripinscription; tion {on a letter, etc).
HaAyB|aTb [naduvat^] im[nada] impers predic perf -slk), -aeuib, HaAyJTb [nAit is necessary; npoHHxaTb dut^] perf -K), -eujb 1. insiy CTaxbK) it is necessary to flate, blow up, puff out; 2. read this article; this article col dupe, swindle; must / has to be read; CMy <> HaAyxb rySbi col pout one's
HaAO
[eft u m. d.] -^ npoHHTaib 3Ty CTaTbK) it is necessary
lips.
for this
read 6biTb octop6>KHbiM one should be careful, one ought to be careful;

[her, article;
etc]
him
to
~
I
HaAyTbCfl see AyTbcn. HaAyuiHTbCJi see jxymmbcn.
HaeAHHC
in private, -a-tete.
[nayid^'in^'e]
adv
tete-
privately,
MHe
to
HATH
MHe TyAa I had should have

go;
~
to
muot
6biJio
have hohth
I
go
there,
roAHH He
gone there; ceBocKpeceHbe, h CMy npHXOAHTb today is
[nayi^zhîat^] Haesmjarb imperf -aio, -aeujb, Hae|xaTb [nAyekhaf*] perf -Ay, -Aeuib, p -xaJi run {into, against), collide {with) {while driving or riding); Ha Hero naexajj^
Hae
222
HasoHJiHBlbiH
[nAzoyl^'iviy]
MaiUHHa he was run over by

a car.
HaeM [nAyom]
HafiMa
1.
hire, hiring {of workers, etc); paSoxaTb no naftMy work for hire; 2.
etc).
renting
{of
room,
Haexaib
a name to; ee HaasajiH AhHa^jaxb HOH she was named Anna; [nAzhat^] perf -My, -Meiiib, p 2 name, mention, give the -an, imp -mh 1. press (a but- name of, call by name; oh ton, the door, etc); 2. fig col Haaeaji ceSn he gave his name. HaH... pref forming superl put pressure {on), bring pressure to bear {on); pull wires. and denoting the highest posHasaji [nAzat, -d] adv 1. sible degree of smth: HaHjiyqback, backward(s); 2.: xoMy uiHH [nailutshty] the best; ~ ago {past); xpH roâ TOMy HaHMenee KpacnsbiH the least
see HaesHcaxb. HajKaxb see HajKHMaxb. HaMiHMJaTb [nazhimat^] im-aio,
a sh f ~-^, -a, -0, -bi importunate {person, thought, etc), Ha3UB|aTb [nazivat^] im-aio, -aemb, Ha3B|aTb perf [nAzvaf*] perf Haaosy, Haaoeeiiib, p -aji, -ajia, -ajio, -ajiH, imp HaaoBH 1. call {smb by some name, etc); name, give
perf
-aeuib,
three years ago; put the <> nepeeecxM nacbi watch back; ! stand back!
[nAzvanîya] n -H, -H name {of a town, etc); title {of a film, etc); reorpa~H geographical (|)H4ecKHe denominations. HasBaxb see Hasbieaxb. nasjio [nazb] & nasjio [nAzlo] adv out of / from spite;
HasBaHHJe
beautiful. HaHSojiee [naibol^'iya] adv used to form superl: ynp6HbiH the most convenient; -^ npocxoH the simplest. HaHBHJbiH [nAivnty] a sh HaHseH, -a, -o, -bi naive.
inside
side;
HaHSHaHKy [naiznanku] adv out, en the wrong

sbiBopaqHsaxb
--
turn
inside out.
to spite {smb); as ill luck <> KaK
HaHsycTb [naizus^t^, -z^d''] would adv by heart, by rote; mhxaxb

-^
have it. HasHaHJatb
recite
(from
memadv
[naznAchât^]
ory).
imperf -ara, -aeuib, iiasHaHJHTb [nAznachît^] perf -y,

-Huib, p -HJi, imp -b 1. fix, term, etc); apset (a price, point time, place, etc); {a ~axb neHCHKD fix a pension;
HaHMCHee
[naim^'en^'iya]
used to form superl least. HauMeHOsaHHte [naim^'mAvan^'iya] n -a, -h name, denomination, designation.
grant a pension;
2.
appoint,
nominate
3.
{for
an
office, etc);
prescribe
{medicine, treat-
ment).
HaHCKocb [naiskas**, -z^) adv obliquely. HaHwa [nayma] see HaeM. HaH MM [nAym""!] imp of naniik; see HauuMai^.
223
HaKjioHl^xbcsi
Haji
HaJiMy [nAymu], naHMeuib [nAym''6sh, -zh] 1st & 2nd persons of HaHHXb; see naHHMaxb.
[naklAn^'a-
ttja]
imperf -Hiocb, -HeiiibCH, HaKjioH|Mxbcji [nakUnîttsa]

HaKJlOHHUIbCH,
perf -KDCb,
-HJICH,
HaHTH
see
naxoAHTb.
-HJiaCb,
imp
-HCb,
HaifTHCb see naxoAHTbCH 1. HaKaaaHHJe [nakAzanîya] n -51, -H punishment, punishing; penalty {for a crime, etc); noHecTH e be punished; <> HTO 3a -ê! col what a
-Hxecb stoop, bend; -nxbCH K KOMy-ji. bend forward to
smb. HaKOHeu [nakAnêtj, -dz] I adv 1. at last; 2. finally; I! parenth after all; at last;
<>
nuisance!
xo! at last!
HaKasbiBarb. HaKa3biB|aTb [nAkazivat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, HaKajsaxb [nakAzat^] perf ->Ky, nasee
HaKasarb
HaKonHXb see Konnxb. HaKOpMHXb see KOpMHXb 1. HaKpaCHXbCH see KpaCHTbCH. uaKpaxMajiHXb see KpaxMaJIHXb.
KaHceiiib,
-saji,
imp
->kh
punish,
inflict
penalty on.
HaKpoiuuxb
see
KpoiuHXb.
I HaKanyHe [nskAnun'îl HaKpbielaxb [nakrtvat^] imadv the day before; perf -aio, -aeiub, HaKp|bixb II prep with gen on the eve [nAkrt't^] perf -oio, -oemb, p of. -b'lji, imp -OH 1. cover {with
HaKjiaAbiB|aTb [nAkladtvat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, Hajio}K|MTb [nalAzhit^] perf -y, Haji6:Hmb, p -hji, imp -h 1.
2.
a blanket, cloth, with a covering;

in the
etc);
2. co/
act
{of);
overlay catch catch smb

lay
put {on, over), superimpose; put {a certain quantity of into smth or on smth); 3. impose {a tax, fine, etc); <> najiomuTb Ha ce6fl pyKH
col
red-handed; '-axb Ha <C>

table.
cxoji
the
imHajiarjaxb [nalAgat^] perf -aio, -aeiub, HajiojKlHxb Hajio[nalAzhtt^] perf -y,

jKHUib, p -11 Ji, imp -H impose {a fine, tax, responsibility)',
commit
suicide.
HaKjieBcxaTb see KJieBexaTb. HaKJIOHHTb see HaKJIOHHXb.

HaKjioHHTbCfl
see
axb
HaKJio-
HHTbCH. HaKjioHHOCxIb
sanpex prohibit, ban. najiaAHxb see Hajia>KHBaxb. Hajia}KH8|axb [nAlazhivat^]
[nAklonnas^t^, -z^d^] / -h, -efl inclination, leaning, propensity.

HaKjioHlflxb [naklAnât^] imperf -hk), -neiub, naKjioH|HXb [naklAnît^] perf -ib,
imperf -aio, -aeuib, Hajia|AHXb [nAladît^l perf ->Ky, -AHuib, p -AHJi, imp -Ab put
right,
adjust;
flejia
repair,
fix;
HaKJioHHUib,
tilt,
-HJI,
imp
-h
bend.
put things right; set things going. Haîeeo [nAlêva] adv left, to the left; on the left.
axb
Haji
224
HaiviepeH
-o,
-bi:
Hajierne [nalî^kh^kê] adv without luggage; 2. lightly clothed / clad.

1.
-a,
[nAmêr^m] predic qxo sbi ~bi ê-
jiaTb?
HajiCT [nApot, -d] -a, -OB 1. raid, attack; 2. thin coating; b ropjie patch {in the throat); 3. fig touch
do?;
what are you going to OHa a ocMOxpeib ropoA
she intends to do the town's

sights.
HaMepeHHle [nAmêr^m^'ya]
n
A66pbie
intention, purpose; good intentions, good resolutions; TsepAoe fixed/ steady purpose; firm resolve; c sapaaee o6AyMaHHbiM ~eM deliberately.
-H,
(of sentimentality, etc).
-H
HajiHsjaTb Inalîvat*'] im-aemb, HajiJHTb perf -aio, [nAlî't^] perf -bib, -beiiib, p
HajiHJi
(-HJI),
-HJia,
HajiHJio
(-HJio), HajiHJiH
pour
(-HJiH),/mp -eft {with a {liquids); fill
HaMCTHTb
HaMeHJarb
imperf
see naivieqaTb.
liquid).
[namî^chât^j
HajiMHHJe [nAlîchîya] n -H availability; npH ~h jieHer if money is available.
-aio, -aeuib,
HaMeJTHTb
HajiMHH|bm [nAl'îch^'niy] I ~bie AeHbrH ready money; 3a biH pacqer for cash (payment); 1 1 as a noun HaJiHHHJbie pi -bix ready money.
a:
[nAmêt^'it^] perf -My, -THuib, p -THji, imp -Tb 1. plan, project; map out {concrete measures,
certain
a {for nominate, name, suggest (for an office).

etc);
schedule
day
etc); 2.
HaMH [nam'î]
HaMOpflHHK
-g] the
instr
of Mbi.
Hajior [nAlok. -g] m -a -ob tax {on income, property, etc); noAoxoAHbiii income-tax; ' c oSopora turnover tax;
-a,
-ob
[nAmordnîk, muzzle {over
mouth of an animal). HaMopiuHTb see MopmHib 1. HaMopiuHTbCfl see MopmHTb1.
o6jio>KHTb -^-OM tax,

a tax.
impose
CH
HaMblJIHTb see MblJIHXb.

see
HajioKHTb
HaKjiaAbmaib
of Mbi.
-g]
&
HajiaraTb.
HaM [nam] dat

HaivieK
[nAmôk,
-a,
-ob hint, allusion.
HaHecxH see HanocHXb. HaHHMJaxb [nanîmat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, HaH^xb [nAn'ât''] perf HaHMy, naftMeuib, P HaHHJI, HaHHJia, HaHHJIO,
HaHHjiH,
[namî^kat^] HaMeKJaxb imperf -aio, -aeu.ib, HaMCKH|yTb [nam^'i^knut^] perf -y, -emb, p -yji, imp -h hint,
allude.
imp HaHMH
2.
1.
engage;
etc).
rent {a
hire, house,
perf
HaMepeBJaTbcsi [namîrî^vattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH intend, plan, be going {to do smth).
HaHoc|Hxb [nanAsît''] imHaHomy, HaHocHUib, p imp -H, HaHec|xH [na-HJi, j^bjegb^bj-j pg^^ .y^ -euib, p HaHec, -Jia, imp -h 1. bring
{a certain quantity of); 2. plot
225
(on a map)\ 3. inflict {pain, wounds, etc)\ ^mh ocKop6jieHHe insult; ~HTb ypoH cause damage; HaHecxH yâp deal
a -Ka,
Han
-KOB drink, beverage; npoxjiaAHxejibHbie -~kh soft drinks. HanHXbcsi see uanHBaxbCH.
HanjibiB [nApHf,
-v]
etc).
blow
{also fig); 4.
Hanecjio
cnery
much
impers: snowcalls,
-a
influx (of visitors,
adv for show. pay visits. HanojiHHXb see HanojiHHXb. HaHHTb see HaHHMaTb. -d] HanojiHlnxb HaoSopOT [nAAbAFot, [napAln^'at^] I adv 1. the wrong side out; imperf -hk), -neiub, uanojiback to front; 2. the other H|HXb [nApolnît^] perf -k>, way round; the wrong way -Huib, p -Hji, imp -H 1. fill,
round; U parent h on the contrary; <> KaK pas ^ quite the reverse.
has drifted; <0' -~HTb BusMTbi
make
HanoMxb see noHXb. HanoKaB [napAkas, -z]
make
full;
2.
fig
fill
(with
joy, etc).
HanojioBHHy [napalAV^fnu] adv half (done, etc). HanoMHH|axb [napamînat**] HanaAlaTb [napAdat^] im-aeuib, HanjacTb imperf -aw, -aeuib, HanoMperf -aio, [nApas^'t^] perf -aAy, -aAeuib, H|HXb [nApomnît^] perf -k) p -aji, imp -aAH 1. attack, -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. reassault; 2. come over {of mind (cause to remember); 2. 3. fear, etc); come (across). remind (smb of one's father, HanaACHHle [napAdên^'iya] etc); imperf also resemble. HanpaBHXb see HanpaBJiHXb. n -H, -H 1. attack, assault; HanpasHXbcn see HanpaB2. sport forwards. JlflXbCH. HanacTb see HanaAaxb. HanpaBjieHH|e HanepCKOp [napxAvlê[napîrî^kor] prep with dat in defiance of. nîya] n -h, -h 1. direction development, HanepCTJOK [nApôrstak, (of movement, ~e -g] m -Ka, -kob thimble (for etc); 2. trend, tendency;
sewing).
neâxaTb. HanHB|axbcji [napîvattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, nan|HxbCJi [nAp^'ittja] perf

see
HanenaxaTb
nojiHXHKH orientation of poljiHxepaxypHoe e literary school; 3. order, permit (a document); ~e Ha pa66xy

icy;
assignment to a job.
HanpaBji|nxb [napxAvlât^] imperf -hk), -neiub, nanpaBJHXb [nAprav^'it^] perf -jik),
^development, etc); 2. send, direct (a person somewhere); 3, dispatch, send,
,
-bibCb,
-beUIbCH,
-HJICH,
-HJiacb,
imp
-eficH,
-efixecb
1. have (some quench one's
tea,
thirst;
milk, etc); 2. get

1,
drunk.
-Huib, p -HJI, (a movement
imp
-b 1. direct
HanHcaxb see nncaxb HanHxloK [nApîtak,
3.
-gj
Han
forward
etc);
4.
(a
letter,
226
HanpH>KeHH|e n -h,
[naprî^zheeffort,
telegram,
fig&im, direct (one's

[naprAv-
nîya]
actions, etc). HanpaBji|flTbCH
strain; 2. p/zi/s tension; strain, stress.
lâttsa] imperf -hkdcb, -neiub[nApraCH, HanpaBJHTbCH
HanpsiMeHH|biH [naprî^zhonntyj a [pa] sh f HanpnJKCH, tense;

-a,
-o,
-bi
vîttsa] perf -Jiiocb, -HUibCH, -bcn, -HjicH, -HJiacb, imp
strenuous
strained, {work); in-
-bTecb
direct
make
one's
one's way {to), steps {to)\ be
bound {for). [nAprava] Hanpaeo

right, to the
right;
adv
the
on
I
right.
HanpacHO [nAprasiia]
1.
adv
nothing; 2. wrongfully, unjustly; bh -^ TaK flyMaeie you are mistaken; II impers predic it is useless. HanpdcH|biH [nApr^snty] a sh f HanpaceH, -a, -o, -bi 1. vain, futile; useless {effort, etc); 2. wrongful, unjust. HanpHMep [naprîmêr] parenth for example, for inin vain, for
tense {struggle, etc). HanpflMHK [naprî^mîk,-g] adv col 1. straight (without a detour); 2, fig frankly, bluntly. HanpsiHb see HanpHraib. Hanyraib see nyraxb. Hanyrarbcfl see nyraxbCH. HanyflpHTbCfl see ny^pHTbCJi.
HapaBHe [narAvn^'e] adv on a level {with); on an equal fooVmg {with), equally {with). HapBlaxb I [nArvat^j perf
-y.
-eiiib.
-aji,
-ajia,
-ajio,
-ajin
imp
certain apples, etc).
pluck, pick {a quantity of flowers^

-h
II
I
stance.
HapBaib HapeHHJe
-H,
see HapbiBaxb. [nArêchîya] n
HanpoKax adv for / on

hire {a car, out.
[naprAkat, -d] hire; B3HTb
-H (local) dialect.
-H,
HapeHHJe
etc);
A^Tb
hire
-H
II [nArêchîya] ling adverb.
HapHCOBaTb
see
pHcoBaxb.
HanpoTHB [nAprof'if, -v] I adv 1. opposite; across the road; 2. on the contrary;
prep with gen opposite. [naprî^gat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, HanpjMHb [nAprâch^] -5iry, perf
II
-a (-y), Hapofl [nArot, -d] -OB 1. people, nation; 2. people {considered indefinitely);
Hanpr|aTb
xaM 6bi;io mhofo ~y there were many people there. HapoAHOcxIb [nArodnas^t'',
-H, -eft 1. nationalpeople; 2. national character {of poems, etc). HapoîHJwH [nArodniy] a sh -bi peo-a, -o, f HapoAeH, ple's, popular, folk; bift no3x national poet.
-z^d''] /
ity,
-HryT, p -ar, -nrjia, imp -HFH 1. strain, exert, tax to the utmost; axb see CHJibi strain every nerve; 2. fig strain {one's voice, mem-HH<euib,
ory, etc).
227
Hac
sh
HapoHHo [oAroshna] adv on purpose, deliberately;

for
1.
HapHAeH,
-a,
-o,
-bi
2.
fun.
1
Hapy}KHOCT b [n Ar uzhnas^t' -H 1. appearance, -z'^d''] /

look(s);
outside. 2. exterior, HapyjKHbiH [nAruzhniy] I a os1. external, outward; 2. tensible, affected {calm, etc); Hapy}KH|oe of Mbl. II as a noun Haca}KfleHHle [nasAzhdên -oro "not to be taken" nîya] n -h, -h 1. planting; {on a bottle of medicine). Hapyui|aTb [narushat^] im- 2. plantation {of trees). HaceKOMloe [nasî^komaya] perf -aK), -aeiiib, Hapyiii|HTb [nArushit^] perf -y, -Huib, p n -oro, -bix insect. HacejieHHJe [nasî^lênîya] -HJi, imp -h 1. break, disturb {peace, silence, etc); 2. violate n -H population; inhabitants. HacejieHHbiM [nasî^l^'onnty] [a treaty, law, etc); infringe on {smb's rights, etc); Hapy- a [pa] sh f HacejieH, nacejielUHTb KJiHTBy break one's Ha, HacejieHo, HacejieHu populated; inhabited. oath. HapyuieHH|e [narushenîya] HacH^nHJe [nAs'îlîya] n -h, n -51, -ii breach {of law, obli- -H violence, brute force; coergation, etc); violation {of a cion, constraint. KacKBosb [nAskvos^, -z^\ e o6ineCTBeH'treaty, etc); Horo nopHAKa breach of the adv 1. through (and through); npoMOKHyTb peace. get wet through; 2. fig throughout; HapyiuHTb see HapymaTb. Hapb'iB [nArff, -v] m -a, -ob nporHHBUJHH rotten throughout. abscess, boil. HacKojibKO [nAskol^ka] adv HapbiBJaTb [narivat^] imperf -aeT, HapBJarb [nArvat^] 1. as far as, so far as; 2. perf -ex, p -aji, -ajia, -ajio, {in exclamatory sentences with -ajiy gather (to a head) {of comp) how much; 3Aecb abscess); an najieu. aer jiyMUje! how much better it there is a boil on my [his, is here! etc] finger. HacKopo [naskara] adv col HapflA 1 [nArât, -d] hastily; AeJiaTb hto-ji. -- do -a, -OB dress, attire. things hastily, HapflA II [nArât, -d] m -a, HacjiaflMTbCfl see Hacjianc-
smart, well dressed. Hapji^y [nar'î^du] ac?o: c on a level with, equally with; at the same time with; side by side with; c sthm side by side with it; at the same time. Hac [nas, -z] gen, ace & pr
-OB
1.
warrant
{for
2.
the
re-
ceipt of goods); fatigue; detail.
mil
duty;
HapaAHJbiH
[nArâdnty]
AaxbCJi. Hacjia>Kfl|aTbCfl [nasUzhda-aeiubCH, ttsa] imperf -aiocb, [naslAdîttsa] HacjiaAlMTbCfl
Hac
perf
228
Hacjia>Kycb,
-HJiacb,
-riuibCH,
-HJiCH,
imp
-hcb,
(in),
so,
pleasure take -HTecb delight {in), enjoy.

n^'iya]
HacTOJibKO [nAstol^ka] adv thus much. HacTOflTejibH|biH [nastAyatîPniy] a sh f HacTOHxejieH,
HacjiawAeHHle [nasUzhdên -a, delight, -h enjoyment. HacjiCAHHK [nAS^'Ped^nîk,
a.
-o,
-bi
1.
insistent
{de-
-a, -ob heir (also fig). KacjieACTBJo [nAs^'lêtstva] n -a inheritance, heritage, legacy {also fig).
-g]
mands); 2. urgent, pressing, imperative. HacTOMTb see HacxaHBaTb. HacTOflm'HH [nastAyash^.iy]

a -an, -ee, -He {moment, etc); b
at
1.
present
true,
~ee speMH
real,
present;
2,
HacMepTb [nas'Tn^'irt*', -d''] adu 1. mortally, to death;

2.
fig to the the last ditch.

/ -KH, -CK
last
man,
to
genuine; 3. (the) given {article, paragraph, etc). HacTpaHB|aTb [nAstraivat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, HacxpoHTb
[nAstroit^]
perf
-lo,
HacMeui|Ka [nAs^mêshka] mockery, derision;
-HUJb,
sneer, gibe.
HacMopK
-a
[nasmark,
head;
child's
-g]
p -Hji, imp -ft 1. tune, tune up {musical instruments); tune in; 2. dispose {a person to a
cold in the 6eHKa the runs.
y pe- certain
nose
mood
or
attitude);
HaCOpHTb see COpHTb. Hacoc [nAsos, -z] m -a, -ob
pump
etc).
{for
raising
liquids,
Hacnex [nas^p^'ikh, -gh] adv in a hurry, hastily; anyhow, carelessly. HacnjieTHHHaTb see cnjieiHHMaTb. HacTaHBJaTb [nAstaivat'']
imperf
-aio, -aeiub,
-~aTb Koro-Ji. npoTHB kofo-ji. set smb against smb; axb npoTHB ce6H antagonize, incur the dislike of. HacTpoeHH|e [nastrAyen'îya] n -h, -h mood, humour, frame of mind; feeling, sentiments {of the public, etc). HacrpoHTb see HacTpaHsaTb. Hacxynlarb I [nastupat^] -aeiiib, imperf -aio, Hacryri|HTb [nastupît''] perf
-jiib,
-vi
HacTo|jiTb
HacTynHuib, p
-hji,
imp
1.
[nastAyat*']
-5iji
perf -k), -Huib, insist; persist (m);
Ha CBoeM insist having one's own way.

'-axb
on
HacTOHHHBlbiH [nAstoychîvty] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi

1.
tread {on); step {on); ~HTb KOMy-ji. Ha Hory tread on smb's foot; 2. {no perf) mil advance, be on the offensive. HacTynlarb II [nastupat^]
insistent {person);
persist-
ent {man, efforts, etc); 2, urgent, pressing, insistent {de-
imperf -aer, HacTynlMTb [nastupît*'] perf HacryoHT, p -hji come {of morning, etc); set in period, etc); fall (o/ {of a
silence, night).
mands,
etc).
HacrynHTb
I
I
229
Hax
HaxoMHxb
see xo^HXb.
see
II
HacTynaxb
see
1.
HaxomaK
Hacxy-
[natAsh^:ak,
-g]
HacxynMTb HHXb II.

n^'iya]
adv on an empty stomach. HaxpeHHpoBaxb see xpeHHpoeaxb.
HacxynjieHH|e
[nsstuplê-
coming, approach; c -~eM AHH at daybreak; c ~eM Ho^H at nightn

-h,
-h
HaxpeHHpOBaxbca see xpeHHpoeaxbCH. HaxarHB|axb [nAtâgîvat^]

imperf
-aio, -aeuib,
fall.
[nastupl^'enîyg] n -h, -\Cmil offensive, attack; nepefixH b assume the offensive. Hacyiij,H|biH [nAsush^:niy] a s/i/nacymeH, -a, -o, -u vital, urgent. HacHex [nAsh^:6t, -d] prep with gen concerning, as regards, about.
HacxynjieHHle
II
[nat^'i^nut^]
perf
-yji,
Hax5iH|yTb Haxa-y,
-h
1.
Hemb,
stretch
{a
p
(a
imp
etc);
rope,
2.
bow,
etc);
{stockings, etc);
draw col pull on c xpyôM na-
xHHyxb Ha ce6H struggle into

{tight clothes, etc).
col at
[naugat, -d] adv random, by guess-work. HayK|a [nAuka] / -h,-' sciHayrafl
[nAsh^:ittHacHUXbiBJaxb vat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub number,
ence.
amount
to.
Hacb'maxb see Hacunaxb. Hacbin|axb [nastpat''] imperf

-aio,
-aeiiib, Hacb'injaxb
-Jiio,
[nAsl-
pat^] perf
imp
etc);
-b
2.
1.
p -aji, pour {sand, grain, fill up {with sand,

-jieiiib,
HayMJHxb [nauchît^] perf HayMHiub, p -hji, imp -h teach {smb a language, to do smth, etc); --HXb kofo-ji. FpaMOxe teach smb to read and write.
-y,
grain, etc). Hacbin|b [nastp^, -b^] / -h, -eft embankment {of a road,
etc).
[nauchîttsa] HayHJHxbCJi -ycb, HayqHuibCJi, perf p -Hjiacb, -HJicH, imp -HCb, -Hxecb learn {a language, to
see naxHpaxb. HaxHp|axb[natîrat^] imperf -aeiiib, Hax|epexb [na-aio,
Haxepexb
do smth, etc). HayHH|biH [nAuch^nty] a sh f HayqcH, -a, -o, -w scientific.
HayuiHHK|H
[nAushnîkî]
tî^rêt^] perf -py, -peuib, p -ep, -epjia, imp -pH 1. rub

2.
{smth with ointment, etc); rub sore; 6oxhhok naxep MHe Hory the boot has given me a blister; 3. polish {brighten by rubbing).
HaxHCK
[nat^'isk,
-zg]
-a
-a) pi -OB {sing HayiuHHK 1. ear-flaps {to protect against cold); 2. headphones. Haxaji [nAkhal] -a, -ob impudent fellow. HaxajibcxBlo [nAkhaPstva] n -a impudence, insolence, effrontery.
onslaught, charge.
HaxMypHxb
see
XMypHXb.
nax
HaxMypHTbCJi see
CH.
230
Hau,H0HajiH3Hp|oBaTb
tîanalîzîrovat^]
XMypHXb-
[nd-
perf
&
beginning, comcaMoro a c from the very beginning; -HJiacb, imp from the very outset, right CH, p -HJIC5I, -HCb, -Hxecb, HaH|THCb [nAy- fiôm the start; b e qexBepxoro soon aiter three; 2. pi f'ls*'] perf -AercH, p HamejiCH, Haiujiacb 1. be found, turn principle, basis; Ha KOjijieKup; HauiJiHCb >KeJiaK)mHe some xHBHbix -'ax on a collective people volunteered (to do it); principle; na Ao6poB6jibHbix paSoxa HaflAexcH ajih ecex ~ax voluntarily, on a vowe will find work for every- luntary basis; body; there will be work for <> nOJlOKHXb Ô HCMy-JI. everybody; He HaftAexcn jih start smth, initiate smth; y Bac? do you happen to mark the beginning of smth; can you spare..?; nOJIO^KHXb Ô HOBOH dpbl have..?; usher in a new era; 2. {no perf) be, be situated; noA ~-0M under the command of. 3. {no perf) be {in a certain HanajibHHK [nAch^'aPnîk, ^mood, state, etc); HXbCJi noA BneâxjieHHeM be under the -g] m -a, -ob head, chief, superior; cxanuHH stationimpression {of, that). HaxoAlna [nAkhotka] / -kh, -master; ~ uexa shop super'-' luxaSa -OK 1. find; godsend, wind- intendent; mil 2. fall; fig boon, treasure. chief of staff. [nAchâl'nty] HaHajibHlbiii HaxoAHHBJbiM [nAkhot^chîviy] a sh f -, -a, -o, -bi a 1. initial, first, opening; elementary, primary resourceful. 2. HauHCHajiHsauHlii [ndtjiana- {school, etc).
-a,
HaxoflJHTb [n9khAd''it^] imperf Haxo>Ky, HaxoflHiiib, p -HJi, imp -H, HaH|TH [nAytî] -fleiiib, perf -Ay p Haiiieji, Hamjia, imp -m 1. find {1} smth lost; 2) smb in a certain condition); 2. find, discover etc); ~HTb {new deposits, npHMeHCHHe find application b ce6e chjim (be (for); HaHTPi sufficient able to) muster courage; 3. consider, find, believe; H HaxojKy, HTOOHnpaB I believe him to be right.
,
imperf
-yio,
-yeuib,
-osaji,
imp
-yft
nationalize
{indus-
tries, etc).
HauHOHa;ibHocx|b
nal^nas^t'',
[natjiA/ -H.^-efi
-zM^]
nationality. HauHOHajibH|biH [natjtAnal^niy] a sh f HauHOHajien, -o, -a, national; -bi bift OKpyr autonomous region. HaMHlsi [natjiya] / -h, -h nation, people. HaHajijo [nAchâla] n -a, pi
-1.
HaxoAlHTbca [nDkhAd'îttja] imperf HaxoM<ycb, HaxoAHUib-
mencement;
lîzatsiya] /
tion.
-h
nationaliza-
HaHajibCTB|o [nAchâl^'stva] authorities, higher -a 1.
231
He He
in the first prenî^; in the
quarters; the chief, boss.
heads;
2.
col
[n^'e;
tonic
position
other second and pretonic HanaTb see Ha^HHaTb. nî] part neg 1. HaneKy [nachî^ku] adv on positions denoting complete negation: the alert, on one's guard. adv He ceroAHH, a saBipa not HanepHO [nachîrna] roughly; HanHcaxb ~ write today but tomorrow; sasTpa, out roughly, make a rough a He ceroAHH tomorrow and not today; ne xoah xyâ copy {of). don't go there; h ne xo>Ky HanepTHTb see nepTHTb. HaHHHJaTb [nach^'inat^] im- xyAa I don't go there; h He -aeuib, Hanjarb 6y]\y xoAHXb xyAa I won't -aio, perf [nAchât*"] perf -ny, -Heuib, go there; ne noHHManaxoro... p Haqaji, -ajia, naqajio, Ha- not understanding this...; oh naJiH, imp -hh begin, start, ymeji. He npocxHsmHCb he left commence; HaMaxb see c ua- without saying good-bye; h Majia begin all over again; He HHcaxejib I'm not a writstart anew; er; I'm no writer; aasxpa He 6yAex there <> HanaTb c loro, hto ... co6paHHH to begin with, I... will be no meeting tomorHam [nash, -zh] I pron row; KHHT xaM He 6biJio the poss corresp to mh m -ero, books were not there; xaM ne -eMy, <^ (-ero), -hm, (o) -cm, 6biAo KHHr there werenobooks Hauia /, Hauie n, HauiH pi there; y Menn ne 6biJio Bpeour; ours; MCHH I had no time; eMy ot h a m h pi -x sxoro He Jierne he is none II as a noun
our people {relatives). Haul a [nasha] pron

I
the better for
it;
He... h He...
-eft,
-y,
-eft
(-eio),
f -efi, (o) -eft
see
Ham.
Haii]|e [nasha] pron n -ero, -CMy, -e (-ero), -hm, (o) -cm
see
Ham.
yanaxb one would not recognize him; 3. in conjunction Haujejicsi [nAsholsâ], na- with HCJibSH, HeBOSMOHiHO or uijiacb [nAshlas^, -z^] p of the neg form tf MOMb, denotHaftiHCb; see HaxoAHXbCJi. ing affirmation: nejibsg ne uaujH [nashi] pron pi -x, jiio6HXb nymKHHa one can't -M, - (-x), -MH, (o) -Hx see but like Pushkin; h ne Mor
XOAHTb.
[nAshdl], uauijia [nAshla] p of naflTH; see naHauieji
neither... nor...; oh ne ycxaji H He 66jieH he is neither tired nor ill; 2. in conjunction with an infinitive, denoting inability, etc: CMy 3X0X0 He CACJiaxb he won't be able to do this; ero He
Ham.
adv in reality, when one is awake.
HaJiey
[nayi^vu]
He yjibi6HyxbCH I couldn't help smiling; 4. in conjunction with the prep 6e3, denot'
He
ing
6e3
partial
232
affirmation: He not without a certain in-
He6ojibiiil6H
[nîbAPshoy]
HHTepeca interest; with
terest.
of in
forming part HeKOro, Henero conjunction with a prep: euy 6biJio He Ha mo jkhtl he had nothing to live on;
II
[n*'e]
He
the
pron
a -an, -6e -He small, not big, not great; ~6e paccTOHHHe short distance; --an BbicoTa low altitude; <> c ~HM odd, a little over.
He6peiKHlbifi
[n^'i^brêzh-
HecKeM noroBopHTb
nobody
to
(there's)
niy] a sh f He6pe)KeH, -a, -o, -bi careless, 1. negligent; 2. casual {smile, handshake,
etc).
speak to; He na Koro nojio^HTbCH (there's) nobody to rely upon; He k êMy there's no need; He 3a MTo! don't mention it!, it's
all right!
He... pref of nouns adjectives denoting 1.
He6biBa,nbiH [nîbtvaliy] a unprecedented, unheard-of. HeeaKHO [n*'i^vazhn9] 1 adv
and
the
poorly, indifferently; so-so; II impers predic 1. it is unimportant; 2. it's all right,
never mind.
opposite of what is expressed HeBe%A|a [n''i^vêzhd9] by the stem: nenopHflOK [nî- & f -bi, - ignoramus. HeBe}KecTB|o [n**i^vêzh9pAr^'adgk, -g] disorder; nesece.TbiH [n*'iv**i^s*'6Uy] sad; stv'9] n -a ignorance {lack 2. a moderate degree of the of knowledge, education). [n**i^v''ezhopposite of what is expressed HeBejhJiHBJbiH by the stem: nerjiynbift [n^'i^- lîviy] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -u glupjy] having common impolite, rude, uncivil. sense, sensible; Henjioxoft HeBepHJbifl [n^'i^v^'ernty] a [nîplAkhoy] rather good; 3. sh f HesepeH, -a, -o, -bi (-bi) lack of what is expressed by 1. unfaithful, disloyal, false; the stem: neceMeftHbiH [nîs^'i^- 2. incorrect, wrong. mêynty] having no family, HeBecTJa [nî^v''est9l / -u, -- bride; fiancee. single; necneuHajiHCT [n**!spîtjtAlîst, layman -zd] (a non-professional man).
He6|o [n^'eba] n -a, pi -eca, -ecaM sky, heaven; O nofl OTKpbiTbiM ~0M in the open; 6biTb Ha ceflbMOM ~e col be in the seventh heaven; npeB03H0CHTb Ao --ec praise to the skies; c --a ceajiHTbCH col fall from the moon. He6|o [nMba] n -a anat
-ec,
HeBecTJKa [n^'i^vêstkg] / -KH, daughter-in-law -OK {son's sister-in-law wife); {brother's wife).
HeBHHH|biH [nî^vînniy] a
sh f HesHHeH, -a, -o, -u 1. innocent, guiltless; 2. ingen-
naive; 3. harmless, uous, inoffensive; 4. virgin {attr), virginal.

vm''iShat''il''stv9]
palate.
HeBMemdTejibCTBlo n
[n'T-a
non-

-interference, tion.
233
Heji
he has a short way to go; Ao ropoAa '-' the town is HeBHHMaTejibHJbiH [n^'ivnî- not far away. HeAapoM [n^'i^daram] adv mat**il'*niy] a sh f HeBHHMaTejieH, -a, -o, -bi 1. inatten- 1. not for nothing, not withcareless, thoughtless; out reason; 2. not without tive; 2. uncivil, unobliging; incon- purpose; not in vain. HeAeHCTBHTejibH|wH [nîsiderate. HeB03M6ll|bIH [n^'lVAZ- dMS'sn'^vîfil^niy] a sh f mozhniy] a sh f HCBoaMOHceH, HeAeflcTBHTe/ieH, -a, -o, -bi
non-interven-a,
-o,
-bi
impossible.
HeBpeAMM|biH [nîvrî^d**!miy] a sh f ^, -a, -o, -bi
invalid, void, null. HeAeJil [n''i^d''el**a] / -H, -b
unharmed, safe; safe and sound.
ueji
week; na sxoii Ha npouiJiOH
this
week;
men]
last
[na cjieAyio[next] week;
HeBbIHOCHM|blH [n^'ivinAs^'imty] a sh f -^, -a, -o, -bi intolerable, unbearable.
Ha TOH
~e
col
next week.
adv (there (there is) no place {to sit, put, etc); B3HTb there is nowhere I can /could get it. Hero [nî^vo] gen & ace of OH & oho; see oh. HeroAOBaHH|e [n^'igadAvan**iy9] n -h indignation. HeroA^|fi [nîgAdây] -h, -es scoundrel, villain. -oe Herp [n^'egr] -a,
Herjie [nêgd''!]
is)
no room,
HeAO... pref denoting the partial character of an action, lack of completeness: hcaoAaxb [nîdAdat^] give less;
not hcaoapejibiH [nîdAzr^'eliy] unripe, HCAOoueHKa [nîdAgreen; Atsenka] underestimation.

[n'îdAbrat*']
HeAo6paTb
get the
full
amount;
HeAOBepHJe [n^'idAv^'erîya] n -H distrust, mistrust.

HeAOEOJlbCTBlo
stva]
[n^'idAvol''-
-a
dissatisfaction,
Negro. HcrpaMOTHlbiH [nî^gramatniy] a sh f HerpaMOTen, -a,

-o,
-bi
discontent, displeasure. [n'î^dolga] HeAOJiro not long {of time).
adv
HeAOMoraHHie
nîya] n
h, {a slight illness).
[nîdamAga-
illiterate.
-h indisposition
HerpHTflHJKa
ka] / -KH, -OK
[nîgr^'itân-
Negro woman;
Negro
sk^'iy]
girl.
HerpHTflHCK|HH [n**igr**itâna -an, -oe, -He Negro. HeAaBHO [nî^davna] adv not long ago, recently. HCAajieKo [n^'idal^'i^ko] I adv not far, near, close; II impers predic: eMy hath
HCAonycTHMlbiM [nîdapus^tîmiy] a sh f --, -a, -o, -u inadmissible, intolerable.

m'ên'îya]
HeAopaayMeHHJe [n^'idarazun -h, -fi misunder-
standing.
-a
HeAOCMOTp [nîdAsmotr] m o^'ersight; no --y through

/
oversight
negligence.
HCfl
234
HenocTalBaTb[nîd9stAvat^] He>KeH, -a, -o, -bi (-bi) 1. tenimperf -ei impers 1. be miss- der, loving, fond, affectioing, lack, be wanting in; eMy nate; 2. sweet, gentle; tenex AeHer he is short of der {skin, etc); 3. delicate money; eMy ct onbixa he {creature, etc); lacks the experience; 2. miss <>~biH noji the fair sex. He3a6yA|Ka [nîzAbutka] / {smb who is absent); col -KH, -OK forget-me-not. Bajio! <> 3Toro eme He3aBHCHM0Cx|b [nÎZAVîthat would be the limit! [nîdAstatak, sîmas't^, -z^d^] / -h indeHeAOCTaTtoK pendence; sovereignty. -g] m -Ka, -kob 1. lack {of), shortage {of), deficiency (m); He3aBHCHM|bIH [nÎZAV^l3a -~K0M BpeMeKH for want sîmty] a sh f ~-, -a, -o, -bi of time; HcnbiTbieaTb ok be independent. short {of); 2. shortcoming, HesaypHAHJbiH [nîzaurâddefect; âamecKm ~ok de- nty] a sh f HesaypnAen, -a, formity. -o, -bi outstanding {talent,
[nîdAstoyHeflocTOHHlbiH niy] a sh f neAocTOHH, -a, -o,
-bi
personality,
common/
col there
etc); out of the ordinary.
adv no need {to do {action, etc). smth); there is no point {in HeAOCxynHlbiH [nîdAstiip- doing smth). nty] a sh f HeAocxyneH, -a, nesAOpOBHlxbCfl [nîzdAro1.
unworthy
{of love, etc);
He3aHeM
[n^'ezachîm]
2.
worthless, unworthy;
mean
is
-o,
-bi
1.
inaccessible;
2. d'lf-
vîttja]
imperf -xch, p -jiocb
iiculi {for understanding); be-
yond comprehension;
of reach of
3;
out
smb's purse. HefloyMeB|axb [nîdaumî^vatî imperf -aio, -aeiub be puzzled, be perplexed. [nîdaumêHefloyMCHHle n*'iya] n -h, -h bewilderment,
perplexity.
impers: Mne [hm a m. d.\ ~xch [they, etc] don't feel well. I He3Aop6B|biH [nîzdAroviy] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi un-
healthy
sickly.
{look,
climate, etc);
HesnaKOMleu,
[nîznAko-
HCAOHex
[nîdAchôt,
-d]
-a,
-05 defect, shortcom-
-ua, -neB stranmîtj, -dz] an acquaintance). {not ger tie3HaHMxejibH|biM [nîznAchîtîl^'niy] a sh f He3Ha'ii5xejien, -a, -o,
-bi inconsiderable; negligible; small, slight. [nî^ztbl'îHe3bi6jieM|biH mty] a sh / ~, -a, -o, -bi firm, stable, unshakable {ba-
ing.
He;tpa [nêdra] pi HCAp: seMJiH bowels of the earth;
6oraxcxBa neAp (aeiviJiH) mineral wealth. Hee [nî^yo] gen & ace of OH a; see oh. HejKH|biH [nêzhnty] a sh f
sis,
etc).
HeH36e)KHlbiH [nîizbêzhnty] a sh f HeH36e}KeH,-a,
-o,
-bi
235
1,
H&n
inevitable, unavoid-
HeKOTOplbifi [nêkaârty]
able.
pron indef
some,
certain;
[nîizmên- c ^bix nop for some time; HeiMeHHlbiH niy] a s/z/HeHSMCHeH, -a, -o, B / Ao '-OH cieneHH to a cerinvariable; 2. unfail- tain degree, to some extent-; -bi 1. \\ as a noun bie ing {friend, etc). HeHcnpaBHlbiH [n*'iisprav- pi -bix some, some people. HeKpojior [nîkr-Alok, niy] a sh f HCHcnpaBeH, -a, -g] -a, -OB obituary (notice). -o, -H 1. defective, in disre-
HCKOTop
m
1.
pair; 2. careless, unpunctual. Heii [nêy] dat, instr & pr of OHa; see oh,
HeKcxaxH [nî^kstatî] adv inopportunely, malapro-
HeHTpajiHTCT
têt, -d]
[nîytral^'i-
pos; 2. irrelevantly, Bit of place; point; not to the
-a neutrality. HefiTpajibHlbiH [nî^ytral^niy] a sh f HeftTpajieH, -a, -0, -bi neutral {country, etc).
HCKeM
HeKoro.
[nêkîm]
instr
of
npHftxH ~' be unwelcome. HCKxc [n^^kta] pron indef indecl someone; llexpoB a certain Petrov. HeyAa [nêkuda] adv no-
HeKJHfi [n^'ekîy] pron indef -an, -oe, -He some, a certain. HCKorfla I [n'ekggda] impers predic there is no time;
where {to 0.0, etc); CMy ~ noHXH he has nowhere no

/
place to go;
exaxb I col <> flajibuie that's the limit! HCJienlbiH [nî^lêpiy] a sh

,
-bi absurd, MHe I have no time. -a, -0, f - H^KorAa II [nêkagda] adv diculous, incongruous.
ri-
in former times, in
the
old
II
HCJioBKO
days.
awkwardly,
impers
[nî^ldfka] I adv ill at ease;

predi-c
it
HeKoro [nêkava] pron neg {no nom), dat HCKOMy, instr HCKeM, pr He o kom there is nobody one can...; -- nocjiaxb sa.BpaHOM there's Hobody we can send for the doctor; we have nobody to send for the doctor; HCKOMy HrpaTb c HHM there is nobody to play with him; He k KOMy o6paTHTbCH I [we, etc] have nobody to apply to; mhc He c KCM Hrpaxb I have nobody to play with; CMy ne o kom 3a6dTHTbCH he has nobody
gen
to take care of.
feels
do smth). Hejibsa [nî^Pzâ] in^pers predic 1. it is impossible {to do smth); one cannot; hx
{to
awkward
ocxauoBHXb it is impossible jih ua^ to stop them; noHXH xyaa cefliac? can we go there now?; jih noMOMb CMy? is it possible to help
it 2. is not allowed, prohibited; one [you, etc] niustn't [shouldn't, etc] {do smth); sxoro AeJiaxb it is not allowed to do it,
him?;
it
is
one mustn't do
i*t,
na
nero
HeM
-- jiyHuie in the best - He CKaaarb
236
<>
^
-<>
nojiO)KHTbCH he cannot be
trussed;
KaK
way
possible;
~afl Kapxa skeleton map; '-OH (J)HJibM silent film. newy [nî^mu] dat of oh & OHo; see oh.
one cannot help saying. HCM [nôm] p'r of oh & oho;

see OH.
HenaBM
,neTb [n^'mAv'idîtÎ
imperf -my, -AHiiib, hate; abhor, detest.
-êJi
HCMijio [nî^mala] adv not much; not a few, little, nopa66Taji he many; oh has worked a great deal; CTaieft na siy leMy ecTb there are many articles on the topic. HCMefljieHHO [n^'i^mêdl^'ma] adv immediately, at once,
a
HeHaBHCT|b
-z^d^l
/
-H
[nênav^'is^t^, hate, hatred;
abhorrence. HeHacTHJbiH [n^'i^nasniy] a sh f HenacTeH, -a, -o, -bi rainy, inclement, foul {weather, etc).
Heo6xoflHMO
[n'lApkhAdî-
right away. HeMJeu [nêmîtj,

-ua, -ucB
ma] impers predic it is necessary; npo4HTaTb aiy ciaTbib

it
-dz]
is
necessary to
German. article; this HeMCUKlHM [n''i^m''etsk''iy] has to be u m. d.] -' a -aH, -oe, -He German.
HeMHorJHH [n^'i^mnogîy]
-oe,
1
read this article must / read; eMy [eft
npoHHiaTb sxy
necessary for to read this a few article; ~ Bce cêJiaxb k sein B Hx words; 2.: ~hm {used with nepy it is necessary that comp) a little {larger, older, everything should be done by the evening; mhc etc); hath as a noun HeMHorJHe I must / have to go; MHe -^ 1 1 6biJio noftiH xyAa I had to pi -Hx few people. HeMHoro [nî^mnoga] adv go there. a few; 1. a little, some; HeoexoAHMJbiH [nîApkhA2. somewhat, d^'imiy] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -u Few; little; slightly; y Hero ~ 6oMt necessary, indispensable. rojiOBa he has a slight headHe06WKH0BeHH|bIH[nÎAbikache. nAv^^nniyl a sh f Heo6biKHoHCMHOXKO [nî^mnoshka] BeHeH, -a, -o, -bi extraordiadv co/=HeMH6ro. nary, remarkable. HeorpaHHHeHH|biH [nîAgrAhcmIoh [n^'i^moy] \ a sh f ---, -a, HeMo, HCMbi 1. dumb n^'ieh^mniy] a sh f neorpa{unable to speak); 2. mute HHqen, -a, -o, -bi unlimited,
it is
cxaibK)
a -an,
-He cjiOBax
1.
pi
few;
him
[her,
etc]
{appeal, reproach, etc); 11 as a HQun h e m 6

|
ft
m
-OH,
unrestricted; âH absolute power.
BJiacxb
[tt^'lAdttA-
-ODO,
-b'lx,
HCM an
I
HCOAHOKpdXHO
-ux dumb person;
kratna] adv repeatedly,
more

than
237
dâsh^:iy]
sh f
once, over and over again. HeojKHiiaHHO [n'lAzhtdana] adv unexpectedly; suddenly. HeonpeAejieHH|biH [nîAprîdî^lônnjy] a sh f Heonpe-
-an,
-ee,
-hc,
~,
-a, -e, -H
unsuitable,
inappropriate.
Hen6jiH|biH [n^'i^polniy] a -a, -o (-6), f HenojioH, -bi (-bi) incomplete; short {weight, etc); hh paSoMHH ACHb short hours; no AaHHbiM according to preliminary data.
sh
flejiCHeH,
-a, -o, -bi 1. indefinite, indeterminate; 2. vague,
um
uncertain;
<> aji
finitive.
$6pMa
rjiarojia
in-
HenocpeACTBeHHibiH HeonpoBepmHMlbiH [nîApra- pAsrêtjt^vînnf^T] a sh

nocpeACTBCH,
-a,
-bi
[nî-
f neI.
a sh f ~, -a, irrefutable, undeniable, incontrovertit)le. [nÎAStAHeOCTOp6H|bIH rozhniy] a sh f neocTopo>KeH, -a, -0, -bi careless, incautious; imprudent, rash. [nîAtlozhHeoTJi6}KH|biH niy] a sh f HeoTjioHêH, -a, -0, -bi pressing, urgent; --aH
vî^rzhlmiy]
-o,
-o, -bi
immediate, direct;
2.
spon-
taneous, ingenuous. HnOCTOflHH|b!H [nîp3StAyanniy] a sh f nenoCTOHHeH, -a, -o, -bi inconstant, changeable, variable. [nî^praHenpasHJibHO vîPna] ac?u wrongly, erroneously; in the wrong way;--^ misunderstand; npoHSHocrixb mispronoun5,e. [nî^praHenpaBHJibHJbiH vîl^'nty] a sh f HenpaeHjien,
(MeAHUHHCKaH)
aid.
noMomb
first
noHHTb
HeoTi>eMJieM|biH [nîAtyem-
Pimiy] a sh
inalienable;
tegral part.
Henajijei;
~,
-a,
-o,
-bi
--an
qacxb
in-
-a,
-a,
-bi
1.
2.
erroneous,
anomalous; wrong, incorirregular
[nî^paPitj, -dzj -bua, -buee Nepalese.
rect;
<>
~biH
rjiaroji
HenajibCK|HH [n'i^paPskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Nepalese.
verb.
HenpeMCHHO [nîpr'i^mênna] adv without fail; cerOH onosAaex he tainly; will certainly be late; he is sure to be late. [nîprîHe,npepbiBH|bifi rfvnty] a sh f HenpepbiBeH,
HenoSeflHMlbiH [nîpab^'i^dîmiy] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi invincible, unconquerable. Henor6;i|a [nîpAgoda] / -bi foul weather. HenOABH3KH|blH [nîpAd^v'izhnty] a sh f HenoflBH>KeH,
-a,
-0,
-bi
immovable, mo-
tionless, still; fixed, stationary.
HenoAxoflflmJHH [n^'ipatkhA-
-a, -o, -bi continuous, unbroken, uninterrupted. HenpHFOAHlbiH [n'lprîgddniy] a sh f HenpHroAen, -a, -o, -bi unfit, ifseless; unsuitable, ineligible.
Hen
238
HenpHKOCHOBeHHOCTJb
[n**!-" chât**]
prîkasnAvênnas^t^, -z^d^] / -H inviolability; AHnjiOMaiHqecKan --b diplomatic immunity. nenpHHymjieHHlbiM [n'îprînuzhdônniy] a sh f HenpnHy>KAeH, -a, -o, -bi natural, -^bm paarofree and easy; talk; Bop free and easy small talk.
imperf -aio, -aeuib be/ nervous. HepBHlbiH [n^'ervnty] a sh -a, -o, -bi nervf HepseH, ous; --bift yseji nerve-knot.
feel
HenpHCTynHJbiH
[nîprî-
stupn^y] a sh f HenpHcxyneH, -a, -0, -u 1. inaccessible, impregnable; 2. unapproachable, haughty.

t*'il^]
HepeiiiHTejibH|biH [nîrîshlf'il^niy] a HepernHxejieH, -a, -0, -bi irresolute, indecisive; ~biM xoHOM in a hesitating manner. Hepflxja [nî^râkha] & col sloven. / -H, HecKOJibK|o I [nêskal^'ka] num -Hx several; some, a few; <> B ~MX cjioBax in a few
HenpHflxeji'ib -H mil
[n^'iprîya-
enemy.
[n''ipr''iyat/
words. HecKOJibKO
II
[nêskal^ka]
a bit.
HenpHflTHOCT|b
nss*'t*',
-z'^d'']
adv somewhat,
Hecjib'ixaHHbift
-H, -eft trou-
[n^'i^sH-
ble,
annoyance,
KaKaH
ing!
~bl
how
nuisance; annoy-
[nîpr^'iyatHenpH^TUJbiH a sh f HenpHHTen, -a, -o, -bi unpleasant, disagree-
niy]
unprecedented. HecMoxpfl [nîsmAtr^'a] prep with ace: na in spite of, despite, notwithstanding;
khannty] a unheard-of,
<>
HH Ha HXG
in
spite of
able, objectionable.
everything,
[nîpra
/
despite
every[n'l-
HenpOMOKaeM|biH raAkayamiy] a sh
-0,
-bi
thing.
~,
-a,
HeeoBepmeHHOJierHHH
waterproof. He[>aBeHCTB|G [nî^rav'mstva] n -a inequality (/) in rights, circumstances, etc; 2) math). Hepa366p*tHB{Mft [nîrAZborchîviy] ashf '^, -a, -o, -bi 1. illegible {handwriting, etc); 2. not fastidious; 3. unscrupulous.
savîrshanAlêt^'nîy] I a under age; 11 as a noun Hecosep-
lueHHOJiexHJHH m
-HX minor {below 18).
-ero,
HecoBMecxHM|biH
mî^s^'tîmiy]
[nîsav-
a s/i / , -a, -o, -bi incompatible. HecoMHeHHo [nîsAmnênna]
parenth
undoubtedly,
[n'îsa-
Heps
[n^'erf,
-v]
-a,
-ob
beyond
all question.
anat nerve; <> AeiicTBOBaTb
KOMy-ji.
na stAyafrPnty]
Hecocxo^xejibH|biH a sh
-0, '-W get on smb's nerves, -bi cxo^xejiCH, -a, [n^crvH^'i- founded, HepBHHHJaTb groundless,
necounun-
239
bih aqboji, sound; vincing argument.
Hey
-HH misfortune,
dis-
uncon- n -bH,
aster;
HecfiM
-y, -H,
-euib,
[nî^s^tî]
imperf
<> K
bK)
unfortunately.
-d] I impers y mchh -^ BpeivieHH no time; khhf xaM I have the books are not there; xaM ^ KHHr there are no books there; b 6H6jiHoxeKe '^ they don't carry {on one's person, in 3XHX KHur one's hands); 2. (nonecxH) im- have these books at the lipers col: ox OKHa ~e.T xo^to- brary; Koro ceroAHH ~? who AOM there is a cold draught is absent today?; from the window; ot Hero I a word of negation or disHêuib reeks of agreement no; Th -eT Ta6aK6M he tobacco; 3. (noHecxH) bear, c HaMH? Hex. "Are you suffer, sustain {loss, punish- coming with us?" "No, I'm ment, etc); 4. {no perf) per- not"; Bbi He BH/iejiH axox form {duties, etc); ^xh ê- 4)HjibM? Hex, BHAeji. "Have ^ypcxBO be on duty; 5. {no you seen the film?" "Yes,
p Hec,
-Jia,
imp
Her
[nêt,
[panî^s^tî] nolHecTH cjHecTH [s^nî^s^tî] perf, perf a concrete action, move1 ment in a definite direction (nOHeCTH) 1. 1] [Cf HOCMTb
predic:
carry bring, cause, perf) {death, sorrow, etc); 6. (cHecxh) lay {eggs, of hens, etc); non<0> ~TM BSAOp col talk sense. He.c|THCb [nî^s^tîs^] imperf -ycb, -eiubCH p HeccR, -Hxecb, imp -HCb, -jiacb,
[panî^s^tîs**] noiecTHCb perf, cjHecTHCb [s^n'î^s^tîs^j perf a concrete movement in a definite direction I [cf HOCHXbCH 1] 1. (nOHeCXHCb)
~? xbi HAeiUb hjih I have"; coming or not?; are you H Aocxaji KHHPy, a oh -' I got the book and he didn't; BOBce not at all; -- eu;e not yet; KEK no trace of...; <>
nought, to nothing Ha ~ h etc); if there cyAa -^ prov isn't any, we must do with-~'
Hd
to
{of
reducing,
out.
move
low
time,
at great speed;
in
2.
{no
{of
perf) pass very quickly, fol-
HeTpyAocnoc66H|biH [nîtrudaspAsobniy] a sh f hc-o, xpyAOcnoc66eH, -a, -m

disabled, invalid. HeyAanja [n^tudachâ] f -failure; misfortune, -H, y fail bad luck; noxepnexb {in smth.); suffer misfortune.
quick succession
3. events, etc); cxHCb) lay eggs {of
(cnehens,
etc).
HecHacTH|biH [nî^sh^:asniy] a sh f Hecqacxeu, -a, -o, -bi unhappy, unfortunate, miserable.

Hec4acTlbe[n''i^sh'':asH^y9]
HeyAaHHJbiH [n'îudach^'niyl a sh f HeyAaqen, -a, -o, -u -wh npHM^p unsuccessful;
unhappy example.
Hey
240
sh
read; eMy ~ MHTaib he has to read; HeqeMy HeyA66eH, -a, -o, -bi nothing uncomfortable, awkward; in- yAHBJiHTbCH (there is) nothing convenient (time, etc); 2. fig to be surprised at; neqcM embarrassing {situation); 3. HHcaxb (there is) nothing to write with; He c qeM hath fig improper. HeyjKCjiH [nîuzlielî] part K HeMy we have nothing to inter denoting surprise, dis- take to him; He o qeM roBOis) nothing to belief, etc really?, is it pos- pHTb (there sible?; '- 3T0 npaBAa? can talk about; we have nothing oh 3a6ojieji? to talk about; it be true?; <> ~ cKasarb! well!, well can he have fallen ill?
Heyfl66HlbiH [n**iud6bnty] a
f
HeyKjijbw'iHH [nîukl'ûzhiy]
declare!
Henero II [n^'ech^'iva] pred-a, -e, a -aH, -ee, -He, s/i/ it's no use {doing -H clumsy, lumbering, awk- ic col snith), it's no good {doing ward. HeyMecTHJbiH [nîumêsnly] smth); there's no need {to do o6 stom paaroBaa sh f HeyMecieH, -a, -o, -bi smth); inappropriate, pHBaxb it's no use talking irrelevant, about this; eMy bojihoout of place. HeypoKaJH [nîurAzhay] m BaxbCH there's no need for crop him to worry; he needn't -eB bad harvest -H, worry. failure.
,
He4)TenpoB6A
vot, -d]
Het|)Tlb
[n^'ift^'iprA-
HeHeM
neqero
Heqero
I.
[nêch'îm]
instr of
-a,
-ob
pipeline,
/
oil-conduit.
HencMy [nêchîmu] dat of

I.
[nêfM^ -vM^]
-H (mineral) oil.
HeneTHbifi [nî^chôtnty] a
Hexopouio [nîkharAsho] I adv badly {opposite of well);
U
it
inipers
is
predic
it
it
it
wrong;
is
is bad, wicked; is
odd {of numbers). HCHTG [nêch^'ta] pron indef something; ~ BpoAe SToro something like this.
-to
TaK AejiaTb
wrong
do things like that.
[n*'ekhat''9] adv HexoTfl unwillingly, reluctantly.
HenanHHo
adv
[n^'i^ch^'ayana]
inadvertently, accidentally; unintencionally.
HH I [n^'i] I part intens {used with a noun in the sing, often in con fund ion with omH or eAHKbiii) not a (single); Ha yjiHue hh jxymn there is not a soul in the street;
y MCHH Hef
HCHero I [n''ech''iV9l pron neg gen {no nom), dat HeneMy, instr He4M, pr He o mcm there is nothing to...; ~ qwTaib (there is) nothing to
HH OAHOH (|)paHuyacKOH KHHTH I have not a single French book;
cf:
HH....
HH...
neither...
hh h, hh oh hc nomeji xyAa neither he nor I

nor...;
241
HH3MeHH0CT|b
HHK
went there; hh tot

roH neither.
hh Apy-
prices, etc); 2. bad, low, poor,

inferior; 3. base, mean', low.
[nîz^'mîii-eft lowland, depression. hh30ct|i. [nîzas^t^, -z^d^] / -H, -eft baseness, meanness; 3T0 - b it is despicable. hh3ui1hh [nîsh:iy] I superl
[nî] forming part pronouns HHKaKOH, hhêv^, hhkto, hhhto in conjunction with a prep: h hc bhAejiCR HH c KeM I didn't see anybody; BCe sto hh k iêMy it is all no good; it is all xn vain; sto hh Ha mto He roAHTCH it is good for nothing; OH HH 3a MTO He peiiiHT sry saâMy he will never solve the problem. HHFAe [n'igdê] adv noII
HH
of the
nas^'t*',
-z^d^] / -h,
of
II
HH3KHH;
a -an, -ee, -ne elementary,
where; ee HeT she [it] is not to be found anywhere. HHrepH|eLi [nîgî^rîyatj, -dz] m -fiua, -Hues Nigerian. HHrepHHCK'iHH [nîg^'i^rîyskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Nigerian.
primary {education, etc). hhrek [nîkak, -g] adv: ^ He in no way, by no means; HejibSH it is quite impossible.
HHKaKJoft [nîkAkoy] pron neg -aH, -oe, -ne no {with a noun following); none; hx BOspaHêHHH no objections (whatsoever); EcTb B03pa>KeHHH? HHKaKHx! "Any
objections?" ever)!"
HHwe
II
[n'izhi^]
1.
cotnp of
"None
(what-
HH3KHH & corresp adv;

adv
2.:
HHKCM [nîkêm] instr of below {in a text); no TeqeHHK) farther HHKTO. down the stream; HHKorfld [nîkAgda] adv III prep with gen below; never {not ever). HHTb FpaAycoB ~ HyjiH five HHKoro [nîkAVo] gen & degrees below zero; ace of HHKTO. HHKOMy [nîkAmu] dat of <> ~ HberO-Jl. AOCTOHHCTBa beneath smb's dignity. HHKTO. HHKTO [nîkto] pron neg hhm(h|hji [nîzhn^'iy] a lower {in position, elevation, HHKOrO, HHKOMy, HHKOro, HHrank, etc); hh STajK ground KCM, HH o KOM nobody, no floor; eeTeqeHHe peKH lower one; ero He BCTpeTHji noreaches of the river. body met him; HHKoro He HH3 [nîs, -z] m -a (-y) 6bijio AOMa no one was at bottom, lower part {of a col- home; oh ne j\aji khhfh HHumn, etc). KOMy H3 HHX he gave the hhskIhh [nîsk'iy] a -aa, book to none of them; oh a -oe, -He, sh f hh30k, -a, -o, HH o KOM He 3a66THJiacb she -H (-H) 1. low {1) wall, ceil- didn't take care of anying, temperature. body. etc; 2)
HHK
242
HHKyAa [nîkuda] adv no- have anything; 3to ^cm ne where (to no place); KOHMHjiocb it came to noth<> ~ He roAHTCfl it won't ing; H He CnopHJI C HHM HH do; -^ He rOAHUH worthless, MCM I didn't argue about useless. anythin^j with him; HHM [nîm] I instr of oh II as fl noun m indecl nought,
oho; see oh; dat of ohh; see oh. HHMH [nîm^l] instr of ohh; see oh. HHCKOJibKO [nîskol^lo] adv not at all, not in the least. HHT|Ka [nîtka] / -kh, -ok thread {used in sewing); Bi;eBaxb -~Ky B HFOJiKy thread a needle;
II
&
nothing. HHHTOWHlbifi [nîch^tozhniy] a sh f HHHioHieH, -a, -o,

-bi
insignificant; paltry.
HHHyxb
[n^'ichût^]
adv
col
not a bit, not at all; <> -^ He SbiBajio col not at all. HHHb|q [nîch^ya] / -eft, -Hx sport a draw, drawn
game.
O Ha
-eft
wHByK) ~Ky col hastily. HHTJb [n^t^, -d^l / -h,

1. see HHTxa; 2, elect r, filament; ~b paccKasa thread of a
HHmeTJa
[nîsh'':i^ta]
-b'l
hot
destitution, poverty. hmii;|hh [nîshîiy] I a -an, -^, -a, -ee, -He, sh f -e, -h
story.
HHx [nîkh,-gh] gen & pr

of ohh; see oh. HHwero I [nîch'i'^vo] col adv so-so, not bad;
II
\
beggarly, poverty-stricken; II as a noun h h m.|HH m -ero, -HX beggar, mendicant. HO [no] cj denoting contrast,
predic
all
it
doesn't
matter,
xoth y>Ke HO H xony noryjiHTb though it is late, I want to

restriction, etc but;
nosflHO,
it's
HHHero
of
right, never mind. II [n^'ichî^vo] gen
go
for a
walk.
[nAvatar]
HOBarop
-a,
hhmto. HHH|eH [nîchêy] pron poss neg -bH, -be, -bH nobooiy's,
-OB innovator. HOBUH|Ka [nAv^'inka] / -kh, -OK novelty.
no one's.
hobhhIok
instr of
[navîchôk, -g]
col
HHHCM [nîchêm]
HHMTO.
-Ka, -KOB
novice,
be-
HHHMy
of hhit6.
[n^'ichî^mu]
dat
ginner, tiro. H0B03ejiaHA|ei;

lan^dîtj,
-4z]
[navazî^-u,a, -uee
pron New Zealander. hhh|t6 [n'îshto] I HOBoaejiaHACKlHH [navaz^'i^neg -ero, -eMy, -to, -cm, hh o MCM nothing; anything {in lansk^'iy] a -an, -oe, -He New neg sentences); ~t6 He mofjio Zealand {attr). HOBopo>KAeHH|bifi [navarAzhyteiuHTb ee nothing could console her; y nero ero Hex dMnnty] I a new-born; as a noun HOBopohe has nothing, he doesn't II

AeHH|biH
243
K HyjiK)
HOC
bring to
-oro,
-bix
new-
<> cBecTH
-born child. HOBOceji|be [navAsêPya] n -bH, -HH house-warming party. H0B0CTp6|HKa [navAstroy-eK 1. newly ka] / -HKH, erected building [works, etc]; 2. new construction site. HOBOcrlb [novas^t^, -z^d''] pi -H, -eft 1. news, / -H, tidings; 2, novelty; latest
nought.
Howep [nomîr]
-a,
-a,
pi
1. number {of -OB a telephone, ticket, etc); 2. number, issue {of a period-
ical);
etc); etc);
3.
4.
5.
room {at a hotel, size {in clothes, shoes,

turn,
item,
number
achievement. HOBuiecTBlo [nofshastva] n -a, -^ innovation, novelty.

HOBlbiH
concert, program, etc); 6. fig col trick; BbiKHHyxb do / play a trick; He npOHflex col <> 3T0T that trick won't work here.
{of
[noviy]
sh f
HOpja [nAra]/
Hopbi, -
-dz]
,
-bi,
^,
el,
II
-a, -o, -bi (-bi)
new, nov-
HopaM burrow,
ace -y, pi hole.
modern; noun h 6 b|o e n -oro: HTO -^-oro? what's the news?; <>H6BbiH rofl New-Year's day.
as a
[nArvêzhatj, -ues Norwegian. HOpBeiKCK|HH [nArvêshskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Nor-
HopBe}K|eu
-ua,
Horjd [nAga] / -h, ace Hory, pi HorH, -~, -aM leg {of a man, animal); foot {of the leg); b Hory <> HjlTH / mararb keep step /pace {with); Bcxaxb c jieBOH ~H col get out of bed on the wrong side. HorjOTb [nogat^, -d^] -TH, pi -TH, -Teft nail, finger-nail; toe-nail. HO)K [nosh, -zh] -a, -efl
wegian.
H6pM|a [norma] norm, standard;
-bi,
-' 1.
npaBOBbie bi legal regulations; 2. rate, quota {in production, etc); <> BOHTH B y return to the
normal {routine, way

size,
etc).
of life,
knife; knife.
1.
nepomiHHbiH
pen-
HOiKlKa [noshka] / -kh, -ck dim of Hora; 2. leg (o/ furniture); 3. 60/ stalk. HoxcHHUbi [nozhnîtsi] pi
(pair scissors. of) H03flp|a [nAzdrM] f -h, pi H63;ipH, -eii nostril. HOH [noy] see HbiTb. Hoji|b [nol^] -H, -eft &
Hyjijb
HopMajibH|biH [nArmaPnty] a sh f HOpMaJien, -a, -o, -bi 1. normal, standard, regular, 2. sane. HOC [nos, -z] m -a (-y), pi -bi, -OB 1. nose {on the face or muzzle); 2. prow {of a ship, airplane, etc); 3. beak {of a bird);
<> OCTaTbCH C --0M col be duped; Bemaxb ^ col be discouraged; sa^Hpaxb ~ col put on airs; coBaxb cboh ^ col poke one's nose, pry.
Ho^HHU
[nuP]
m m -h
-eft
1.
math nought,
zero;
2.
nil;
hochjiIkh [nAsîlkî] pi -ok stretcher, litter.
HOC
m
-a,
244
HOCHîbmHK
-yl
[HAs'îi^sh'îik,
HOHHOH [nAch^'noy] a night

{attr).
-ob
porter
{at
station, etc). HOCJHTb [nAsît^]

HOiiiy,
HOH|b
[noch**,
-j^]
-H,
imperf
-efl
night {mostly
bck)
after mid-
HccHiub,
-HJi.
imp
night); ocxaibCH
ABa âca h at two a.m.; nk HOHb before going to etc; 2) a beard, etc); 3. bear bed; na noHb rjiflAfl col at this {traces, marks, etc); so late at <> ~MTb Koro-ji. Ha pyKax time of night, night. make much of smb. HOHbK) [noch^'yu] adv at / HOc|HTbcsi [nAs'îttsa] imperf HOIliyCb. HOCHlUbCH, p by night, in the nighttime.
2.
HecTH 1] 1. carry {on one's person, in one's hands);

-H \cf
overnight;
Jie?
Ha-HOMb stay b nanpothrough;

b
all
night
wear
(/)
clothes,
rings,
-HJICH.
-HJiaCb,
[cf
imp
-HCb.
Homja
[nosha]
-h,
HecTHCb 1] 1. move burden, load {carried by a along /about very quickly; person). Hoijuy [nAshu] see HOCKTb. move very quickly {along the Hoiiiycb [nAshus*', -z^] see street, etc; about the town, HOCHTbCH. etc); 2. col\ riibCH c kcm-ji. Hoto [noyu], Hoeuib [nomake much of smb; HXbCH c MbicjibKD cherish an idea. yash, -zh] see HbiTb. [nAyabr^] m -a [nAsk^'i] pi HOflSplb hockIm -6b {sing HOC OK m -Ka) socks November,
-HTecb
I
{short stockings).
HpaB
-bi,
[nraf,
1.
HocoK
hoc|6k
see
II
hockh. [nAsok,
-OB
2.
-g]
per;
-v] -a, pi disposition, tem{mostly pi) morals
-Ka, -KOB toe {of the foot, shoe, etc); Ha Kax on tip-toe. Horla I [nota] / -bi, pi -u, 1. mas note; 2. pi music
and manners, customs. HpaB|HTbcn [nrav^'ittsa] /mperf -JlHDCb, -HUJbCH, p -HJlCH,

-HJiacb.
v^'ittsa] perf:
{musical score);
KaK no aiM HOTJa
like
clock-
HTCH
I
no:HpaBHTbcji (pAnramhc [hm u m. d.]

[they, etc] like [they etc] are. delighted by it.
I
3T0
-work.
dipt
II [nota] / -u, ~ note. HOTau,H|fl [nAtatjiya] / -h, -H lecture, scolding.
it;
am
/
charmed
v^'inniyj
-a,
-o,
HpaBCTBeHH|biH
a
sh
f
-bi
[nrafs^'t'*-
HpaBCTBCH,
{principles,
moral
HOHJeBaTb perf & imperf

-eBaji,
[nach'î^vat'^l
-yvd, -yeiiib,
action, etc).
imp
-yft
spend
the
night. HOHjier [nAch^Pek, -g] -a, -OB lodging for the night.
[nuzhda] / -b'l, pi want, indi1. ?. need, poverty; gence, want, requirement; 6e3 ~bi without necessity.
Hy)Kflla
HyH<Abi,
245
[nuzhdattsa] HyMCAaJTbCH imperf -locb, -embcn 1. live in poverty, be hard up; 2. need, want, require. [nuzhna] impers HyHCHO predic it is necessary; npoMHTaxb 3Ty ciaTbK) it is necessary to read this article; this article must / has to be read; eMy [efl a m. d.] ^ npoîHTaxb aiy cxaxbib it is necessary for him [her, etc]
to read this article; -^ Bce CAeJiaTb K Benepy it is necessary that everything should be done by the evening; 6biTb 0CT0p6)KHbiM one should be careful, one ought to be careful; Tbi npocTy^HjiCH? -^ 6biJio HaêTb najibTo have you
Hy>KeH, -a, -o, -bi (-bi) necessary; CMy [eft u m. d.] nyHieH 3X0X cjioBapb [--a sxa
KHHra] he [she, etc\ needs this dictionary [book]; mxq BaM -^0? what do you want / need?; eMy ô cxo pydjieft he wants / needs a hundred roubles; oh HyHieH 3Aecb he
is
wanted here.
Hyjlb
Hbiji
= H0JIb.
[nil],
HMjia [n4l9]
see
HblXb.
HblpHyXb
Hbip|flTb
-HK),
see HblpHXb.
[nirât^]
imperf
[nlr-
-Heuib,'
HMpHJyxb
nut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -H dive {into water).
HWTb
Hoeuib,
[nit^]
imperf hok),
HbiJia,
2,
HbiJi,
imp
col
caught cold? you should have put on your coat; MHe ~' must have to go; I HflTii MHe 6faiJio noHTH Tyâ to go there; I should I had have gone there; ceroAHH BocKpeceHbe, h eMy He ~ npHxoAHTb today- is Sunday and he need not come; Te6e He 6biJio Bêpa npHxoAHXb you needn't have come yesterday; you shouldn't have
/
HOH 1. ache, hurt; complain, belly-ache.

-aio,
Hibxjaxb [nûkhat^] imperf -aeuib, nOjHibxaxb [pAnûkhat^] perf smell [use the
sense of).
HnHHJHXb [n'an^ch^'it^l imperf -y, -Huib, p -HJi, imp^-H nurse, take care of (a baby). HHHH|HTbcsi [nân^'ch^lttsa]
imperf -ycb,
-HJiacb,
-HiiibCH,
-hjich,
1.
come
yesterday;
imp
-HCb,
-Hxecb
2.
6bijio
take care
fuss {over).
{of babies)-,
col
BHAexb, KaK OH o6paAOBajic5i! you should have seen how glad he was! HyxH|biji [nuzhniy] a sh f
HnHJJi [n^'anâ] / -h, -b 1. (dry-)nurse; 2. col nurse {in hospital).
O
o
I
[o;
position pretonic
a;
in
the first pretonic in the second
position
d],
o6
[op; the in pretonic first position hh\ in the second pretonic position ^h] in a

stressed position
246
op, 6b], 060 [oba; in the first pretonic position AbA] prep I with ace denoting contiguity, collision,
a mistake made: ocjibimaTbCH [AsHshattja] not hear aright, mishear; oroBopHTbCH [Agaa slip (in the imparting^ a quality, feature, etc: of ocjio>KHHTb [AslAzhn^'it^] complicate, render complex; 03ejieHHTb [AZîPi^nMt^] plant
VAr^'ittja]
make
5.
YAapHTbCH tojioboh o cieHy strike one's head against the wall; cnoTKHyxbCH o KaMeHb stumble over a stone; onepeTbCH o ctoji lean on the table; onepeTbCH o ABepb
etc:
speaking);
trees
street,
and shrubs
etc);
6.
{in
a town,
lean against the door; II with pr denoting the object, aim of a conversation, smb's solicitude, etc, or the subject, theme of a book, etc: ue^raTb o qeM-ji. dream of smth; 3a66THTbCH o KOM-Ji. take care of smb; co>KajieTb o hcm-ji. regret smth; KHrira kocmh-
the perfective
aspect:
orjioxHyxb [Aglokhnut^] perf of rjioxHyxb. 06 see o I,

06...
see 0...
MecKHX nyTemecTBHjix a book on /about space travels; jieKUHH 06 3JieKTpHqecTBe a lecture on electricity; ohh <> o6eHMH pyKaMH col readily, roBopHJiH 060 MHe they spoke eagerly; CMOTpexb/rJiJiAeTb b ~ col be on one's guard, about me.
o' II [o] int expressing a strong feeling or intensifying
66a [oba] nam collect m & n o66hx, o66hm, (o66hx), o66hmh, (06) o66hx, 66e f both; OHH ^ MOH ApysbH they are both my friends; oh o6eHX jik)6ht Aoêpeft he loves his two daughters;
keep one's eyes open. o6BHHeHH|e [Abv'înênîya]
smth oh!
o...,
o5...,
060...,
o6t>...
pref of verbs denoting 1. fact that the action applies to a number of or many people, things: o6eraTb [Abêgat**] call on, see {many people,
n -a, -H 1. charge, accusation; no K) B... on a charge of...; the 2. law the prosecution.
o6BHHMxeJilb [Abvîn^'itîl^] -H, -eft law prosecutor.
06BHHHXb
see
06BHHHXb.
oSBHHJflXb [Abvînât''] /mperf -HK), -Heillb, [Abvînît^] perf
everybody)', visit, drop in at {many or all the shops); 2. the fact of surpassing, getting the upper hand: 06-
06BHH|HXb
-ib,
1.
-Hiub,
-HJi,
imp
-it
accuse,
outgallop; o6birpaTb[Abtgrat*'] beat, win a victory over {at a game, etc); 3. damage caused: o6BecHTb [Abv^'es'ît*'] cheat (in weighing); 4. {with -ca)
cKaKaTb [ApskAkat^]
blame, put in the wrong; 2. law accuse, charge, indict; bring charges against. o6roHH [AbgAn''i] imp of o6orHaxb; see o6roHHXb. oSroHH) [AbgAn^'u], o6r6HHiiib [Abgonîsh, -zh] 1st Sc
247
o6e
o6eH [Abêy] imp of o6HTb; of o6orHaTb; see 06r0HHTb. see o6HBaTb. *o6epHyTb see o6epTbiBaTb. o6roH]HTb [AbgAnât^] imo6epHyTbCJi see o6opaqHperf -HK), -Heiiib, oSorHJaTb [AbAgnat^] perf o6roHK), 06- BaTbCH. o6epTbiB|aTb [Ab^6rtiv9t^l roHHiub, p -aji, -ajia, -ajio, -ajiH, imp o6roHH 1. outrun, imperf -aio, -aeiub, o6epH|yTb outspeed, outdistance, out- [Abî^^rnuf] perf -y, -eiiib, p strip; leave behind, pass; 2. -yji, imp -H 1. wrap up, do up in a wrapping; 2. fig fig outstrip. oSAyMaxb see o6AyMbiBaTb. turn {change the trend of); o6flyMbiB|aTb [Abdumivat^] o6epHyTb B CBOK) n6jib3y turn imperf -aio, -aeuib, o6flylMaTb to account / to one's own ad[Abdumat''] perf -aio, -aeuib vantage; Bonpyr consider, think over. <> oSepHyxb Koro-Ji. 66e [6b ^1] num f o6eHx, najibiâ col twist smb round o6eHM, (o6eHx), o6eHMH, one's little finger. oSecneHeHH e [ Ab^'i^spêchî(06) o6eHX see 66a. o6eA [Abêt, -d] m -a, -ob nîya] n -a. 1. providing dinner; SBanbiH ^ dinner- {with), supplying {with); 2. -party;NAo ~-a before dinner; guaranteeing, securing; ~e in the morning; n6cjie -~-a MHpa safeguarding of peace; after dinner; in the afternoon. 3. maintenance {by the state, o6eA|aTb [Abêdat^] imperf etc); 4. guarantee, security. -aio, -aeiiib, noioSeflaTb [pAo6ecneMeHHbiH [Abî^spêAbêdat''] perf have one's chînnly] a [pa] well-to-do. dinner, dine. o6ecneHHB|aTb [Abî^sp'êo0ec... o6e3..., pref of ch^'ivat*'] imperf -aio, -aeiub, verbs denoting deprivation of oêcnenlHTb [Abî^spêchîf] smth, freeing of smth: o6e366- perf -y, -Huib, p -hji, imp -b jiHTb [Ab^'i^zboiÎt^] anaesthe- 1. supply provide {with), tize; o6ecKp6BHTb [Abî^skro- {with); provide for {smb); 2. vît^] drain of blood, bleed secure, ensure, guarantee; white. o6ecneMHTb MHp bo bccm MHpe o6e3BpeflHTb see o6e3Bpe- ensure world peace. JKHSaib. [Abî^s^sMo6eccHJi|eTb
2nd persons
oSesBpemHBJaTb
vr'êzhtvat^}
[Abî^z-
lît^]
perf
-eio,
-eeiub
lose
-aio, imperf -aemb, o6e3Bpe;i|HTb [Ab'î^zvrêd^'it''] perf o6e3Bpe>Ky, -Huib, p -Hji, imp -b render harmless.
o6e3bflH|a
-ti,
[Ab^'i^z^'yana]
-'
monkey, ape.
strengh, grow weak. [Ab^'i^shîao6eu;aHHle nîya] n -h, -h promise {to e do smth); KJiHTBCHHoe oath; ASTb e promise, make a promise; cACpHcaTb / bunoJiHHTb ~e keep a promise.
o6e
248
[Ab**i^sh^:at^]
-aio,
o6em|aTb
perf
&
imperf
-aeuib
promise.
o6}Ka;iloBaTb
perf
-yK),
-yft
p -e;i, imp -b 1. offend, hurt smb's feelings; 2. col treat badly and unjustly.
o6H>K|aTbCJ!
fl|eTbCJi
[Abzhalavat'*]
[Ab^'izhattja]
imp
p -oeaji, lodge a complaint

-yeiiib,
imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, o6h[Ab^'idîttja]
perf
-ejlCH,
against.
see o6>KHraTb. o6)KHr|aTb [Abzhigat**] imperf -aio, -aeiub, o6>Ke4b [Abperf o6oHcry, 060zhech'']
06H>KyCb,
-ejiacb,
-HlUbCH,
odweHb
p o6>Ker, o6o>Krjia, imp o6o>KrH 1. burn, scorch, scald; 2. bake {bricks, pot>K>Keiiib,
imp -bCH, -biecb take offence, feel hurt; be offended, feel angry. o6HJibH|biH [Ab^fl^niy] a sh f o6HJieH, -a, -0, -bi abundant plentiful.
,
tery,
etc).
o6HTb see o6HBaTb. oSKpaAy [ApkrAdu], o6KpaAcuib
0636P [Abzor] m -a, -ob survey {of a subject)', review

{of events, etc).
& 2nd
[ApkrAd**6sh, -zh] 1st persons of o6oKpacTb;
see o6KpaAbiBaTb. o6KpaAbiB|aTb [Apkradivat^] o6HB|aTb [Ab^'ivaf] imperf 060-aio, -aeiub, imperf -aio, -aeiub, o6H|Tb [Abît''] [AbAkras^'t''] perf perf o6o6bK), o6o6beiiib, p -ji, Kp|acTb imp o6eH upholster {furni- o6KpaAy, o6Kpa;ieiiib, p -aji ~aTb jKejieaoM bind rob (a house, etc)', ero o6oture)', Kpa;iH he had all his things with iron. o6HBlKa [Ab^'ifka] / -kh, stolen. o6jiaB|a [Ablava] / -bi, -OK 1. upholstering {the proround-up {of suspected percess of)', 2. upholstery. o6MA|a [AbMda] / -bi, ~ sons, etc). injury; insult, offence, oSjiaAlarb [AbUdat^l im1. -aeuib possess, HanecTH --y komv-ji. offend perf -aio, smb, hurt smb's feelings; 2. have; 'âxb xopouiHM 3aoresentment, grudge; 6biTb b pBbeM enjoy good health. 66jiaK|o [oblaka] n -a, pi ~e Ha Koro-ji. bear smb a grudge; aaiaHib y nurse a -a, -OB cloud {in the sky); noKpbiBaTbCH --aMH be overgrudge; <> HC B y 6yflb CKasaHO cast; meant; He <> BHTaxb B ^dx be up in col no offence Aaxb ce6fl b ~y stand up the clouds. [AblAsnoy] a o6jiacTH6H for oneself.
o6HiieTb see o6H>KaTb.
odHACTbcn
o6H}K!aTb
perf
-aio,
(Ab''id'*it''J
see
o6H>KaTbca. im[Ab''izhat''J
oSiijileTb
-aeujb,
pe/-/o6H>Ky, -Huib,
regional, district {attr). 66jiacT|b [oblas^'t'', -z^d^] pi -H, -eft 1. region, / -H, district {part of a country); 2. field, province, sphere.

oCjiaHHJbift
f
249
ch'îvattja]
o6m
imperf
-aKx:b,
[obbch^niy] a -u 66jiaqeH, -o, -a, cloudy {day, etc). ofijierHlaTb [AbPi^khchât**]

sh
imperf -aio, -aeiiib, oSjierKiHTb [Ablî^khchMt''] perf

-y,
-Huib,
p
{the
-HJi,
imp
-H
1.
-aeiUbCH, 06jl0K0T|MTbC51 [AbbkAtîttsa] perf o6jioKOHycb, 06jI0K6THUIbC5I (-HlUbCH), p -HJICH, imp -HCb, -HJiaCb, -Hiecb one's elbows lean {on); He aTbcn! no leaning!
etc); weight, 2. facilitate, make easier/ easy; 3. relieve {pain); alleviate {sufferings, etc).
lighten
oGjiomIck
{of
-Ka, pi -KH, -KOB

bris,
[Ablomak, -g] m 1. fragment

2.
o6jiefleH
exb [ Ablîd^'i^nêt*']
-eeuib
perf
-eio,
become cov-
smth broken); wreckage. o6MaH [Abman]
pi de-a,
-ob
im-aeiub, o6jiiHTb perf -aio. [AbPit**] perf o6ojihV), o6ojibeiub,
ered with ice. o6jiHB|aTb [Ablîvat^]
p
-efl
66jiiiji
(-HJi),
-HJia,
66J1HJI0 (-HJI0), 66JIHJIH (-HJIH),
deception; deceit; speHHJi optical illusion. <> c6MaHyTb see o6MaHbiBaTb. o6MaH4HBlbiH [Abman^ch^'ivty] a sh f ^, -a, -o, -bi deceptive, deceitful, deceiv-
fraud
imp
pour {water,
etc)
over
ing.
oSMaHbiBlaxb [Abmaniv9t'] imperf -aio, -aeuib, oSMaHlyxb [AbmAnut^j perf -y, o6MaHeiiib, p -yji, imp -h deceive; cheat, o6MaHyTb swindle; npespeHHCM col treat with Hbe-Ji. AOBepne betray smb's scorn. trust; oSManyTb HbH-ji. nao6jiHrau,H|ji [Abl^îgatjiya] AeÂw smb's disappoint -H, -H bond {of a state hopes. / loan, etc). oSMejiexb see Mejiexb. 66jihk [oblîk, o6MeH [Abm^'en] m -a, -ob m -a -g] 1. appearance, look; j2. cast exchange commodities, {of of mind; MOpajibHbiH ^ mor- greetings, etc);
{smb, smth); o6;iHTb ctoji MepHHJiaMH spill ink on the table; <> -axb rpnsbK) kofo-ji. col sling mud at- smb; o6jiMTb
al
make-up.
O ~
eemecxB metabolism.
odjiHTb see odjiHsarb. o6jiHq|aTb [Abl''ich''at^] imperf -aio, -aemb, oSjiHHlHTb [AblîchMt^] perf -y, -riuib,
o6MeHHB|axbCfl [Abm'en**ivattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, [Abmîô(5MeHlflxbc n'âttsa] perf -Hiocb, -HeiubcH
p -HJI, imp -H expose and exchange {opinions, greetings, condemn, denounce. etc); o6MeHHTbCH Bneqaxjieo6ji6}K|Ka [Abloshka] / -kh, -CK cover, wrapper; folder, dust-cover. o6jiOKaHHB|aTbCfl [AbUka-
HHHMH share one's

sions.
impres-g]
66MopoK [obmarak,
-a,
-OB faint, fainting-fit.
o6m
250
persons
of
see
oeMyHflHpoBaHHJe [Abmun^d^'irAvanîya] n -h, -h uniform. o6Harji|eTb [AbnAglêt^] perf -eio, -eeiub become insolent / brazen.
2nd
o6iiTb;
see
06HBaTb.
[AbagAsh^.at''] imperf -aio, -aeuib, o6oraTJHTb [AbagAtît^] perf o6o-
oScraTHTb o6oramiaTb
oSoramaxb.
o6Hap6flloBaTb
BaJi,
vat^] perf -yio, -yeiiib,
imp
-yft
[AbnArodap -opromulgate,
ramy,
1.
-Hiub,
-hji,
enrich {one's knowledge, etc);
imp -h experience,
concen-
2.
make
vat**]
public.
trate, dress {ore, etc).
o6apyiKHB|aTb [AbnAruzhi-aeiub, -aio, imperf o6HapyjK|HTb [AbnAruzhit^]

perf -y, -Hiiib, p -hji, imp -b 1. find, discover, detect; 2. display, reveal, show; aib CBOib- pajôcTb betray one's joy. o6HHM|aTb [Abnîmat^] im-aio, -aemb, o6H|flTb perf
[Abn^'at*'] perf
o6orHaTb oScFH^Tb o6ojpHTb

o6o;ip!flTb
see
see
o6roHHTb. orHCaxb.
see o6oflpHTb.
[AbAdr^^t^] im-
perf -5IO, -HeiUb, 060Ap|HTb [AbAdrît^] perf -k), -Hiub, p

-HJI,
imp
-H
encourage, reas-
sure.
-HMy, -HMeiiib,
perf -aio, ship.
o6olaTb [AbAzhat^] im-aemb adore, wor-
66hhji, -Jijia, 66HJ1JIO, 66imp -HMH embrace, HHJiH, clasp in the arms; put one's
oSoKPH [AbAzhg'']] imp of o6>KeMb; see o6}KHraTb.

o6o)Krjia
[AbAzhgla]
p of
arms round.
o6HHM|aTbC5i [Abnîmattja]
irj^perf
-aKx:b,
-aeiiibCH,
HJnTbCfl
-HMyCb,
(-HJICH),
[Abnâttja] -HMeUIbCH, p
-HJiaCb,
c6perf
-H-
o6>KeHb; see o6>KHr^Tb. o6o)Kry [AbAzhgu], o6o)K>Keuib [AbAzh:6sh, -zh] Jst & 2nd persons of o6êqb; see
ofijKHraTb.
-HJICH
-HJlOCb,
o6o3HaHiaTb [AbaznAch^'at^]
imperf -aio, -aeuib, o6o3HaHJHTb [j\bAznachît^] perf -y,
-Hiiib,
JlHCb,
er.
imp
-HMHCb,
embrace,
hug
-HMHTeCb one anoth-
-HJI,
imp
-b
1.
06HflTb see 06HHMaTb. 06HHTbCfl see 06HHMaTbCH. o6o see o I.

o6o...
see
o...
signate,
perf)
tîl'']
mark
(out);
2.
de{no
mean,
signify.
o6o3peBaTejilb
-H,
-eH
[Abazrî^vareviewer;
o6o6m|aTb
imperf
[AbApsh^.it'']
[AbApsh'':at'*]
observer
etc).
{of
newspaper,
-aio, -aeiub,
o6o6m|HTb
-y, -HUJb,
perf
-H
p -HJi, imp summarize.

c6o6bib
generalize,
o6o3peHHle [AbAzr^'en^'iya] review {literary, -H, -H 1.

etc);
2.
critical,
[AbAb^'yu], o6o6beujb [AbAb*'y6sh, -zh] 1st &
o66|h paper.
[Ab6i]
theat revue. pi -es wall-

o66hm [Aboim] dat o66hmh [Aboim^'i]
66a.
251
o6p
of 66a. instr of
o66hx [Aboikh, -gh] gen, ace & pr of 66a. 060HTH see o6xoAHTb. 060HTHCb see 06x0AHTbCH. o6oKpacTb see o6kp aAWBBTb. o6oji64|Ka [AbAloch^ka] / -KH, -eK 1. cover, jacket; technol jacket, casing; 2, 3.: cjiii3HCTaH ~Ka anat mucous membrane. o6ojibK) [AbAl^yu], o6ojibeuib [AbAPyosh, -zh] 1st & 2nd persons of o6jiHTb; see
06jIHBaTb..
Ha e P.T.O. (please, turn over); AeJIO npHH5IJI0 AypHOM the affair took a bad turn; BSJiTb B col put to task.
o6opyAOBaHH|e [AbArudavanîya] n -h, -h 1. equipping, equipment; 2. equipment, furnishings, machinery. o6ocHOBaHH|e [AbasnAvanîya] n -h, -h 1. substantiation {of a theory, etc); 2. reason, basis, ground.
o6oH^HH|e [AbAnânîya] n
-H sense of smell.
[AbasnAvat^] p -OBaji, imp -yft substantiate {a theory, argument, etc). o6ocTpeHH|e [AbAstrênîya] n -H, -H aggravation {of conperf
-yib,
oSocHloBaTb
-yeiiib,
tradictions, etc).
o0onpHCb [AbAprîs^, -z^], o6onpHTecb [AbAprîtîs^, -z*"] imp of onepeTbca; see ohhpaTbCH.
oSocTpHTb
CH.
see
060CTpHTbCSI
see
060CTpHTb. 060CTpHTb-
o6onpycb
o6onpeiiibC5i
1st
[AbAprus**,
-z^],
& 2nd
[AbApr'6shs^9] persons of onepexb-
ch;
see onHpaxbcn. oSopaHHBJaTbCM [AbArachî-
o6ocTplflTb [AbAstrât^] /mperf -HK), -Hemb, o6ocTplMTb [AbAstrît^] perf -kd, -Hiub, p -Hji, imp -H sharpen, bring to a head; aggravate {contradictions, etc);
HTb
OTHome-
V9ttja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiiibCH, o6epH|yTbC5i [Abî^rnu-
HHH strain the

o6ocTp|flTbCfl
ttsa]
relations.
-euibCH, p -yjiCH, -yjiacb, imp -HCb, -Hiecb turn (rouad), turn one's
ttja]
perf
-ycb,
imperf
[AbAstrâ060-hctch,
head.
[AbArona] / -u defence; 2. mil defensive position; defences. oSopoT [AbArot, -d] -a, -OB 1. revolution, turn; 2. econ turnover; 3. turn (of speech), phrase; 4.: Ha ~e pn the back {of a page); cm.
1.
o6opBaTb oSopoHJa
see o6pbiBaTb,
CTplHTbCfl [AbAstr'îttsa] perf ^HTCH, p -HJicH, -HJiacb 1. become more sensitive {of the organs of perception); 2. become aggravated, become acute. o6oK)AH|biH [AbAyudniy] a sh f o6oibAeH, -a, -o, -bi muno ~0My tual, reciprocal; corjiacHK) by mutual consent.
o6pa6aTbiBlaTb [AbrAbati-aio, imperf -aeuib, oSpaSoTlaxb [AbrAb6tat^] perf

vat^j
o6p
252
up
-aio, -amb 1. work (up), process (a material for use); treat {with a chemical agent, etc); 2. till, cultivate; 3. col work on, influence {a person, etc); perf also persuade, get (a person) to think [act] in a certain way. oSpaAOBaTb see pajiOBaTb.
(a committee, etc); 2. up, constitute. o6pa36BbiB|aTbC5i [AbrAZovivattja] imperf -aeica, o6pasloBaTbCM [AbrazAvattja] perf & imperf -yercji, p -oBajiCH, -Bajiacb form, appear; be generated {come into being).
set
make
o6paAOBaTbC5i seepaAoeaTbCH.
ttja]
-HJiCH, -HJiacb, imp -bCH, -b-z] m -a, -ob image {in the mind); 2. Tecb col come to see reason, ~ >kh3hh come to one's senses. mode, manner; way/ mode of life; 3.: KaKHM cSpasuoBWH [AbrAstjoviy] a ~0M? how?; HHKOHM ~0M by model {attr), exemplary. o6paTHTb see o6pamaTb. no means; HaAJieHcamHM ~om in o6paTMTbCfl see o6pamaTbthe proper way, prop-
o6pa3yMJHTbCsi [AbrAzumîperf -jiiocb, -HuibCH, p
66pa3 [6br9s,
1.
erly.
CH
[AbrAzêtj,
-dz]
1.
o6paTHO [Abratna] adv m -u,a, -uoB 1. sample, spe- back, backwards; xyAa h cimen; HOBeftmero ~ua of there and back; noesAKa xyAa the latest pattern; 2. stand- H ^ round trip. o6paTH|biH [Abratniy] 1. reard, model, pattern {to be
oGpaalei;
imitated).
verse
-h,
{motion,
etc);
return
o6pa30BaHH|e
n^'iya]
[AbrazAva-h formation
I
{the process of).
o6pa30BaHH|e II [AbrazAvan -h education {systematic instruction); HapoAHoe ~e public education.

n*'iy9]
nyxb return journey, way back; 2. opposite {direction, meaning, etc). [AbrAsh^.af] oGpamlaTb imperf -aio, -aeuib, o6paTlHTb
{ticket, etc); --bift
[AbrAt^'it^j
-riiiib,
perf
-H
etc,
odpamy,
1.
p -HA, imp
eyes,
turn
2.
o6pa36BaHH|MH
[AbrAZova-
{one's
on,
to);
niy] a [pa] sh f o6pa36BaH, -a, -0, -bi (well-)educated. o6pa30BaTb see oSpasoBbisaTb.
o6pa30BaTbC5i
BblSaTbCH.
see
o6pa36-
o6pa36BbiB|aTb [AbrAzovtimperf -aio, -aemb, o6paajoBaTb [AbrazAvaf*] perf & imperf -yio, -yeuib, p -OBaji, imp -yii 1. form, organize,
vat*"]
convert {to another belief, etc); 3. convert {into), turn {into); <> ~aTb B GercTBO put to flight; ~aTb Ha ceSa BHHMaHHc attract attention. oGpamjaTbCJi lAbrAsh'*:attja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, [AbrAt^'ittja] o6paT|HTbC5i perf oGpamycb, -HUibCH, p
-HJiCH,
-HJiacb,
i.
imp
{for
-Hxecb
apply
-HCb, help.
253
o6c
etc);
per})
{^b)\ 2. {no treat {a person or animal in a specified manner); c xopomo KCM-Ji, axbCH [njioxp] treat smb well [badly]; 3. {no perf) handle, operate; <> axbCJi B 6ercTBo take to one's heels, beat a hasty retreat. [AbrAsh^.eo6paiu,eHH|e
address
n^'iyg]
o6pbiB|axb [Abrtvat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, o6opB|axb [AbArvat^] perf -y, -eiiib, p
-aji,
-ajia,
1.
-ajio,
-ajiH,
imp
tear off {leaves, etc); pluck, pick; 2. break {a wire, etc); 3. fig col cut short; snub, rebuff. -a, o6pflfl [Abrât, -d]
-H
-08 rite,
ceremony.
-h,
-h
1.
address
{a speech);
ple,
etc);
appeal {to the peotreatment {of 2. people, animals); 3. handling
[Aps^'lêdaoScjieAloBaxb V8t^] perf & imperf -yio, -yeiub, p -oBa.T, imp -yft inspect, inquire into; examine {a patient).
appliances, etc); 4. circulation {of commodities, etc); 5. ling address.

{of tools,
o6cjiy>KHBaHH|e
van^'iya]
{in
-h,
-h
[Apsluzht1. service
o6pe3aTb see oSpeaaxb. oSpeslarb [Abrî^zat''] imperf

oSpes'iaTb [Abr^'ezat^] perf o6pe>Ky, o6pe>Kemb, p -aji> imp o6pe>Kb 1. cut off; clip, pare; 2. {no imperf) col snub, rebuff. oSpeKJaxb [Abr^'i^kat^] im-aio,
a restaurant, hotel, etc; medical, etc); 2. maintenance,
-aeuib,
servicing {of cars, etc). o6cjiyjKHB|axb [Apsluzht-aio, -aeiub, imperf vat^l o6cjiy>K|HTb [Apsluzh+t**] perf -y o6cjiy>KHmb, p -ilji, imp -H 1. serve, attend to; cater for; 2. (no perf) operate {ma-
perf
-aeuib, -aio, oSpelnb [Abr^'ech^] perf -Ky, -Meuib, p
chine-tools, etc).
-H
d^pcK,
destine;
-K;ia,
imp
~axb
kh doom, Ha .HeyAany
o6cxaH6BK|a [ApstAnofka] / 1. furniture {in a room,

2,
etc);
conditions, situatioii;
in
doom
to failure.
B ~-e ;ipy>K6bi
an atmos-
66pyH [obruch^, -j^] m -a, pi -H, -eft hoop (a circular

band). o6pyuiHBlaxbC5i [Abrushivattsa]
phere
of friendship.
oScxoflxejibcxBlo [ApstAya-
imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH,
n -a, 1. circumstance {an external condition); no ceMeHHbiM ~aM for famitîl^stva]

ly domestic reasons; hh npH KaKHX ax under no circum/
[AbrushUtja] o6pyuilHXbC5i perf -ycb, -Huibcji, p -hjich, -HJiacb, imp -bCH, -bxecb 1. collapse, fall in, cave in; 2. fig befall {of misfortunes); 3. fig col pounce {upon), attack.
stances,
in
no case;
adverb;
adverbial
2. ling modifier
{of place, time, etc);
odpuB
[Abrff, -v]
-a,
-ob
O CMOxpfl no ~aM it depends; npH xaKOM cxeHCHHM '-' in

.such a contingency.
precipice.
o6c
254
-H instruction, training;
oScTojflTb [ApstAyat^] imperf -ht: KaK --ht êJia? how do matters stand?; KaK ~t BauiH Aeîa? how are you getting on?; Bce ~ht 6jiaronojiyqHo all is well.
o6cTpeji [Apstrêl] m -a mil firing, fire; shelling. o6cTpejiHB|aTb [Apstr'êlîvat**]
Bce-
66mee o6H3aTejibHoe e universal compulsory education. oSyHHTb see o6yqaTb.

o6x6a [Apkhot, -d] m -a, 1. round {of a watchman, etc); roundabout way; 2. mil turning movement. 3. o6xoA|HTb [ApkhAd^'it'*] f/n^ perf o6xo>Ky, o6xoAHUjb, p -HJI, imp -H, O0OHJTM [AbAyfî] perf -Ay, -Aeuib, p o6omeji, o6oiijJia, imp -ah 1. go / pass round, round; mil turn (a flank); 2. give a wide berth
-OB
3. make one's round(s) a doctor, watchman, etc); 4. spread (all over) (0/ news, etc); 5. fig avoid, leave out; pass over (a question, ete); 6. col outspeed. o6xoA|MTbCH [ApkhAdîttsa] imperf o6xoHcycb, oSxoAHiiibCR^ p -HACH, -HJiaCb, imp -HCb,
imperf
-aK),
-aeiiib,
[Apstrî^lâf^] o6cTpejilTb perf -HK), -jieuib fire at; shell;
machine-gun.
o6cyfl,HTb see o6cyH<AaTb,
[Apsuzhdat^] o6cyA|HTb [Apsudît^] per/ o6cy>Ky, 06o6cy)KA|aTb
imperf
-aio, -aeuib,
to;
{of
cyAHiiib,
-HJi,
imp
-h discuss;
consider {the pros and cons);
debate {smth). oSyejb [obuf'',
-v^l
-h
foot-wear; shoes, boots. o6y3AaTb see o6y3flbiBaTb.
oSyaAbiBJaTb [Abuzdtvat^] imperf -aw, -aeiub, odyBAJaTb [Abuzdat^] perf -an), -aeuib curb, restrain, keep in check.
oSycjioBHTb see o6yc;i6BJiHBaib. o6ycji6BjiHB|aTb
Pivat'']
-JiK),
-Hxecb, o6oH|THCb [AbAyt'îs''] perf -Aycb, -AeuibCH, p 060me/iCH, o6oiiijiacb, imp -AHCb, -AHxecb 1. treat {smb in a
specified manner); 2. col cost, come {to); 3. manage {with), HTbCH 6e3 do do {with);
[Abuslov-aio,
-aeiiib,
imperf
qSycjiOBlHTb [Abusl6v''it'']jc7er/
-Huib,
without.
o6iLiHpHlbiH
s/i
-HJI,
imp
-b
1.
[Apshtrniy]
//g);
stipulate, make a reservation for; 2. condition, determine; bring cause, about, call forth; make for {some develop-
/o6uiHpeH,
-a, -0, -bi vast,
extensive (a/so
ances. 06 me...
~oe 3Ha-
KOMGTBO numerous acquaintfirst
ment, etc). o6y4|aTb [Abuch'ât*'] /mper/ -aeiub, o6yH|HTb [Abu-ara, ch^'it^l perf -y, o6yqHmb, p -HJi, imp -H teach, instruct,
train.
element
1.
of
compounds denoting
mon', 'single':
{attr);
'com*o6meropoACK6H
all-city
[6psh'':igarAtjk6y]
o6y4eHH|e [Abuch''en'*iy9] n
townspeople's; 2. 'concerning everybody', 'characteristic of everybody': o6me-

o6menpH3HaHHbiH
pr'iznaniy] cognized.
255
efforts;
2.
oC-b
o6H3aTejibHbift [6psh^:iAbî^zatîl^nty] compulsory for all;

[Apsh^'ii^re-
joint
etc);
total {sum,
<>
~ee MecTO commonplace;
universally
o6me)KHTH|e
tîya] n -h, -h students, etc);
life.
1.
[Apsh^:i^zhihostel {for
B -~eM on the whole; b ~eH cjioJKHOCTM in sum; He Hwexb HHHero --ero c... have nothing in common with...; have
2.
everyday
nothing to do with...; no resemblance to...
bear
[Apsh^.i06lU,eH3BeCTHlbIH izvêsniy] a sh f o6meH3BeCTCH, -a, -0, -bi well-known, generally known. oSmcHapoAHibiH [Apsh^.inArddniy] a sh f 06meHap6;ieH, public, national -bi -a, -0, {property, cause, etc). o6meHH|e [Apshîen^'iya] n -H (social) intercourse; nmHoe -e personal conl)act(s).
o6mMTejibHlbiH[Apsh^:itîP niy] a sh f o6inHTejieH, -a

-o, -bi
sociable, companiable
66mHocT|b
-z^d'^] / -H
o6t>...
[6psh^:n9s^t^
{of in
community
o...
teres ts, ownership, etc).

see
oSTjeAHHeHlMbiH nônnty] a [pa] sh

eflHHeHa,
[Abyidîf
^,
06110611-
ofi-bCAHHeHo,
eAHHeHbi united
{forces, ete);
etc);
o5mecTBeHHHK [Apsh^'.es^t^-
amalgamated
joint
{organizations);
v^m^k,
-g]
-a,
-ob pub-
{command,
combin-
lic-spirited
person;
public
worker. SmecTBeHHocT'ib [Apsh^:e-h s^t^vînas^t^, -z^d^] / eommunit^y, public; public organizations; public opinion. o6mecTBeHH|biH [Apsh^:es^t^vîniy] a 1. public, social; biH CTpOH social system; 2.
ed {efforts, etc). oS-besHHeHHle [Abyid^'inênîya] n -h, -h 1. unification

{the
process
of);
amalgama-
tion^ merger, joining up; 2. union, society.
o^-bCflHHHTb see oS-beAHHHTb. o6T>eAHHHTbC5i see oS-beAH-
HHTbCH.
oe-bejiHHlHTb [Abyidînât^] imperf -hk), -nemb, 06'beflHHJHTb [Abyidînît^j perf -10, -Hiiib, p -Hji, imp -H unite {people, etc); SLxm Igamate {companies, etc); pool {resources,
etc);
common
etc).
{animal
husbandry,
66mecTB|o
-a,
[6psb'':istv9]
society {l)a group of people; 2) a social system); 2. econ company. 66ii;|hh [6psh':iy] a -aa, -ee, -He, sh f ^, -a, -e, -h common {property, inter1.
-1.
combine
{efforts,
etc).
oSTjejiMHlflTbCfl
[Abyidî-
ests,
etc);
general
{princi-
ples, crisis, etc);
MbiH
mutual
~HMH
hh 3HaK6acquaintance; CHJiaMH [yCHJIHHMH] by
nâttsa] /mper/ -Hiocb, -nembCH, oS-bejiHHlHTbCJi [Abyidîn^'ittja] perf -ibcb. -HiiibCH, p -HJiCH, -Hjiacb, imp -HCb, -hxecb unite, join hands {with).
od-b
256
od-besAHTb see oe-beamaTb 1. [Abyi^zh^:at^] imperf -aio, -aemb, oSbeafllHTb [Abyez^dît^] per/ o6beajKy, -Hiub, /? -hji, o6'bex|aTb [Abyekbat^] oe-beay, perf
oS-besjKlaTb
oSbeAeiiib, (all) over;
account
etc).
for {smb's behaviour,
p
2.
o6bHTH|e [Abyatîya] n -h, embrace; 6p6cHTbCH koMy-Ji. B ~H throw oneself into smb's arms; 1. travel <> C pacnpOCTCpTblMH ~S1MH -aji (o6bexaTb) go With open arms.
-H
round, make
detour round.
oS-beKT [Abyekt, -gd] -a, -OB 1. object (i) philos; 2) of study, admiration, etc); 2. unit, enterprise; mil objective.
o6biBaTejiib [Abivatîl^] -eft Philistine (a smugly conventional person).

-H,
oSbirparb see
o&birpbiBlaTb
oSbirpHBaTb.
od-beKTHBHlbiH [Abyi^ktîvniy] a sh f o6beKTHBeH, -a, -u 1. philos objective; -o, 2. unbiased, objective. oe-bCM [Abyom] m -a, -ob 1. volume {1} math; 2) of output, etc); 2. fig extent. o^-bexaxb see o6be3>KaTb. 06b51BMTb see 06bHBJIHTb. [Abyi^vlêo6i>5iBjieHH|e n^'iya] n -h, -h 1. declaration (the process of);' announcement, announcing; 2. announcement, notice; advertisement.
[Abyi^vl'ât^l imperf -hk), -neiiib, oC-bsiBlHTb [Abyi*^vît^] perf -jiib, o6bHBHuib, p -TAJ], imp -H declare,
[Abtgfivat^ imperf -aio, -aemb, odbirpjarb [Abigrat^] perf -aio, -aemb victory over beat, win a [at a game, etc), o6biKHOBeHH|e [AbtknAvênîya] n -h: HMexb ~e be K) as in the habit {of); no usual; npoTHB -~h contrary to one's habit. o6biKHOBeHHibiH [AbiknAvênniy] a sh f o6biKHOBeHeH, -0, -bi usual, ordinary, -a,
common.
66bicK [obtsk, -zg] -OB (forcible) search.
-CB
-a,
oC-bMBjilHTb
announce; ~^Tb djiaroâpHocTb thank officially.

[Abyi^s^nêoG-bflCHCHHle nîya] n -h. -h explanation; <> ~e B jik)6bh confession of
love.
o6biHalH [Ablchây] m -si, custom, habit, usual practice. [Abtch^niy] a cSbWHlbiH sh f o6bneH, -a, -o, -bi usual, ordinary, customary. [Abâzao6n3aHHOCT|b nas^'t*', -z''d*'] / -h, -eft duty,
responsibility;
jie>KaTb
/
hb
re-
Koro-Ji.
be smb's duty
06l>SICHHTb see
o6-bflCH|flTb
06bHCHHTb.
oC-bJic-k>,
[Abyr^s'^nât'']
imperf
-Huib,
-hk),
-nemb,
HlHTb [Abyi^s^'nît^] perf
-HJI,
imp
-H explain;
sponsibility; BMCHHTb KOMy-JI. B ---b make it smb's duty HcnojiHHiomHft {to do smth); H ::cting {for another). [Ab^'azannty] o6fl3aH|HbiH a sh f -^, -a, -0, -bi obliged;
257
orH
OBHaplKa [Afchârka] / -kh, Bbl ~bl HBHTbCH K ACBHTH qacaM you must come here -OK sheep-dog; HeMeuKan Ka at 9 a. m.; 6biTb hum ko- Alsatian dog. orHSlaxb [Agîbat^] imperf My.-Ji. be indebted to smb; H MHorHM -- CBoeMy yqHTejiK) -aio, -aeuib, o6orH|yTb [AbAteacher; gnut''] perf -y, -eiub, p -yji, I owe much to my qyBCTBOBaib ce6H ^-hhm ko- imp -H go round, round; My-Ji. feel obliged / indebted skirt. orjiaB;ieHH|e [AgUvPeto smb. o6fl3aTejibHO [Abî^zatîl^- nîya] n -h, -h table of conn9] adv without fail; by all tents. orjiacHTb see orjiamaxb. means. orjiauijaTb [AglAshat*"] imo6fl3aTejibH|biH [Abî^za-aeuib, orjiac|HTb tîl^'niy] a sh f o6H3aTejieH, perf -aio,
.
-a,
-o,
-bi
1,
obligatory;
etc);
[AglAsît^]
-Huib,
perf
-HJi,
orjiauiy,
-M
compulsory {education,
imp
an-
binding;. 2. col conscientious {person).
n -a, obligation, engagement; commitment {to do smth); 6paTb (na ccSh) a undertake obligations; make
t*'il''stva]
o63aTejibCTB|o
[Ab'î^za-
nounce, read out. onfioxHyxb see rJioxHyxb. orjiymjaxb [Aglushat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, orjiymlHXb [Aglushtt'*] perf -y, -Huib, p -HJI, imp -H 1. deafen {smb); 2. stun {of or with a blow).
orjisiAexbCH
see
pledges.
orjiHAbi-
oRec
oats.
[av'os,
-z]
OBca
BaxbCH
ttsa]
2.
OBeu
[AV^'ets, -dz] see OBu,a.
OBjiaAeB|aTb
[Avladî^vat^]
-aio, -aeiub, oBjiaimperf AJexb [AvlAdêt^] perf -ew, -eemb 1. seize, take possession (o/); 2. master (ffl subject, machinery, etc); become an expert {in).
orjinAbiB|axbCfl [AgPadtvaimperf -aiocb, -aeuibcfl, [Aglî^dêttja] orjiMfllexbCJi -HiubCH, p perf orjiH>Kycb, -ejic5i,-4Jiacb,/mp-HCb, -Hxpcb, GrjiJiH|yxbCJi [Aglî^nuttsa] orjiHHeiiibCH, p perf -ycb,
-yjicq,
-yjiacb,
1.
imp
-licb,
OBomlH [6v9sh^:i] pi -eft {sing oBou; -a) vegetables. OBpar [Avrak, -g] -a, -OB ravine. OBca [Afsa] see obcc. OBuja [Aftja] / -bi, pi 6bUbi, OBeu, OBuaM sheep {an
(orjiHHyxbCH) turn back {to look at smth); 2. (oFJiHAexbCH) look round / about;
vHxecb
He <> KaK...
before he say Jack Robinson...

nty] a sh
-o,
-bi
ycneji
orjiJiHyxbCfl,
could
animal).
tstva]
orHeonacH|biH [Agn^'iApasf orneonaceH, -a,
OBUeBOACTBlo [Aftji^VOn -a sheep-breeding.
inflammable
{sub-
stance, etc).
orH
258
orHeTyiiiHTejilb[Agnîtushlfire-extintîP] -H, -eft guisher. orHfl [Agnâ], orHcfi [aqnêy] see oroHb.
orpaHMq|HTb
perf
-b
-y,
[AgrAnîch^'it^]
-Hiub,
-hji,
imp
limit, restrict; axb ce6a BO BceM stint oneself in
everything.
orpoMHlbiii
[AgAvarîV9t^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, oroBop|MTb [AgavAr'ît^'J perf -k),

-Huib,
oroBapHBjaTb
sh
[Agromniy] orpoMeH, -a ~-o,
a
-bi
enormfflus. huge.
p
2.
-HJi,
imp
a
-H
1.
stip-
ulate,
for;
ill
make
col
reservation slander, speak
of.
oroBoplKa [AgAvdrka]/ -kh,

-OK
reservation, stipulaslip of the tongue. oroHb [Agon^] m ofhh, pi OFHH, oFHeft I. fire {active burning); 2. light (a lamp, etc); 3. mil fire; 0* H3 OrHfl Ad B nOJlblMSI out of the frying-pan into h BOAy the fire; npoHTW go through thick and
1.
tion;
2.
^ =
orpbi3|oK [Agrizak, -g] m, -KOB col bit, end; ~0R KapaHAama pencil stump. orypjeu, [Agur^'etj, -dz] -ua, -uoB cucumber. OAajiKHBJaTb [Adalzhivat^] oaoji-aeuib, imperf -aw, jKJMTb [AdAlzhtt^] perf -y, lend -Huib, p -HJI, imp -H {money, etc). GAeBJaTb [Adî^vat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, ofle|Tb [Adêf*]
-Ka,
thin.
oropofl [AgArot, -d] -OB kitchen garden; <> KaMeiueK b hch-ji. a dig at smb.
-a,
--^
oropHlaTb [AgArchât^] imperf -aio, -aemb, oropM|HTb

[AgArch^'it^]
perf -Hy, -neuib, p -Ji, imp -Kb dress, clothe. [Ad^'i^vattja] ojieB{aTbCJi -aiocb, -aeuibCH, imperf [Adêttja] OAeiTbCJi perf -jich, -neuibCH, -nycb, p -HbCH, -HbTecb -jiacb, imp axbCH (oneself); 1. dress BO mo-ji. put smth on; 2, {no perf) dress {well, badly
imp oropMMTb orpaSHTb

-HJI,
per^ -y, -Huib, pain, grieve. see oropqarb. see rpa6HTb.

-H
-bi,
etc).
orpaflla
etc).
[Aflrada] /
[Adêzkda] / -bi garments; ^6p MCHHaH a uniform.
OAeiKflla clothes;
fence (round a house, garden,
crpaHMMeHH|b,iH [AgrAnîch'^mnty] a \pa] sh f orpaHHMeH, -a, -o, -bi 1. limited, scanty [funds, means, etc);
2.
ojiepiRaTb see 0Aep>KHBaTb [Ad**erzht o;iep}KHB|aTb -aeuib, imperf -aio, vat^] o;jep>KlaTb [Ad^'i^rzhat^] perf p -aji, imp -y, oAepJKHUib,
narrow-minded. orpaHHHHB|aTb
0Aep>KaTb Bepx [no6eAy -h: u m. n.] gain the upper hand [victory, etc].
[AgrAn^'i-
oAexb
see
ch^'ivat*'! imperf:
-aio,
-aeujb,
OA^TbCfl
see
oAesaxb. OAeBaibCH
1.

ofleflji|o
259
oahhm
cjiobom
OAH
in
HOMy, (oAHoro), oahhm, (06) OAHOM, oflHa /, oflHo n, OAHH pi 1. one {not many); o^Ha KHHra one book; o;^HH qacbi one watch, one clock; OAHH HOHCHHUbi one
pair
of tain, a
scissors;
2.
[Adî^yab] n -a, blanket [for covering in bed); cieraHoe -~o quilt. oflHH [Ad^'in] I num card & pron indef m oAHoro, oj\'-
the other;
one word; to sum it all up; no OAHOMy by in short; ones, one by one. OAHHaKOB|biH [Ad^lnakaviy] a sh f ^, -a, -0, -H identical; the same. OAHMHaAuaxbiH [Adînatsatiy]
d'']
num
num
-oe,
ord eleventh.
0AHHHaAUaT|b [Adînatjat^,
card
a cerone; one thing; ~MejiOBCK CKasaji mhc, mto... one / a man told me that...; oflHo BpeMH at one time, at some point; time was when. .;
.
oahh6k|hh
-an,
-H
1.
-h, -bio eleven. [Adînokîy] a
-He, sh f -^^ -a, -o, solitary, lonely; 2. unmarried, single.
3. one (0/ us, etc); h3 hhx one of them; li as an adjective 1. alone, by
-^
stva] ness;
OAHHOHecTBlo [Ad^lnochîn -a solitude, lonelioKaaaTbCH b ê find
oneself; h noHAy -~ I'll go alone; TbiMOJKeiiib cêjiaTbSTo
oneself in isolation. AH la [Adna] / -oh, -oh, see -y, -OH (-OK)), (06) -OH OAHH.
can you do it alone /by OAHaKAw [Adnazhdi] adv yxpoM can you do it on once, one day; your own?; 2. the same; mh c [seêpOM, HoqbK)] one mornHHM OAHoro MHeHHH he and I ing [evening, night]. are of the same opinion- ~ oAHaKo [AdnakaJ I cj deH TOT JKe the same; one and noting contrast, incongruity the same; 3. only; nothing with the previous statement but; OH HbeT oaho mojioko but; still; and yet; he drinks only milk /nothing II parenth however.
yourself?;
~?
but
milk;
KOMHaTe
6biJiH
OAHH [Ad^nî]
pi
(06)
-X,
-M,
there were only children in the room; III as a noun 1. oa h 6 n -oro: 3T0 OAHO h to H<e it is the same thing; 2.: oah^ 3Aecb, ApyrHe TaM some are here, others are there; private, <> -- Ha 1) in privately; 2) face to face [in fighting); (see) kuk unanimously; --' sa ApyrHM one after another; one after
|
OAHH AeTH
(-X),
-MH,
-HX
instr
see
OAHH.
OAHHM [Ad^'nîm]
OAHH & OAHo;
-6
(-oro),
ofj
see
oahh.
-6m
see
oahIo [Adno] n -oro, -OMy,

-HM,
first
(06)
OAHH.
OAHO...
element
ofj
compounds pertaining to the numeral 'one': oaho66khh [AdnAbokîy] one-sided; oaho[AdnakApeynty] KOJieiiHbifi
OflH
-- 260
{railway);
single track HOCJiojKHbiH
ofl-
[AdnAslozhniy]
monosyllabic; oAHonojiKxzHbift [AdnApoPusnty] unipolar. oflHoro [AdnAvo] gen & ace of OAHH & OAHo; see oahh. oflHOM [Adnom] pr of oahh & oAHo; see oahh. oAHOMy [AdnAmu] dat of OAHH & OAHo; see oahh.
niy]
OAHOo6pa3HiwH [AdttAAbraza sh f OAHoo6pa3eH, -a, -o, -bi monotonous {withoAHop6AH|biH [AdnArodniy] f OAHopoAen, -a, -o, -bi homogeneous, uniform; 2.
short breath / wind; cxpaAaxb OH be short-winded. 0}KHB|aTb [Azhivat''] im-aK), -aeuib, 0}KH|Tb perf [Azht't^] perf -By, -Bcuib, p omnJi, -Jia, 6>khjio, imp -bh come back to life, revive. 0}KHAaHH|e [Azhtdan'îya] n -H, pi -H, -H 1. waiting; 2. expectation, anticipation; 3. pi expectations; oCManyrb MbH-Ji. H disappoint smb.
OKHUJaTb
[Azhtdat**]
im-
out variety),
a sh
1.
similar.
oahoctop6hh|hh [AdnastAron^nîy] a sh f OAHocTopoHeH, -H, -e, -H one-sided

{also fig);
perf -aK), -aeuib I, wait for; 2. expect, anticipate; 3.: Hac -âei? what is in store for us? O^KHTb see 0>KHBaTb. OKor [Azhok, -g] -a, -ob burn {an injury).
mo
03a66MeHH|uH [AZAboch^msh f 03a66MeH, preoccupied {with one's thoughts); worried, anx-
unilateral. GAodpHTb see oAo6pHTb,,

itn-
niy]
-a,
[pa]
-o,
-bi
OAo6p|aTb [AdAbrât^]
perf -HK), -Heuib, OA66p|HTb [Adobrît^] perf -lo, -nmb, p -HA, imp -H approve, endorse;
ious.
approve
of.
osarjiaBHTb see oaarAaBJiHBaib. [AZAglavoaarjiaBjiHBlaTb

l^'ivat'']
[Adalî^vat^] OAOJieBlaxb imperf -aw, -aemb, OAOtiieTb

[AdAl^'et**]
li
imperf
-aio,
-aeuib,
perf
-eio,
-eeuib
overpower,
enemy);
overcome
2. col fig book, work,
[AZAglavît''] osarjiaBlHTb perf -AK), -Hmb, p -ha, imp -h entitle {a book, etc).
{one's
cope
etc);
with
3.
{a
fig
overcome
{ojf
fear, etc).
03aAaHHB|aTb [AZAdach^'iV9t^] imperf -ara, -aeuib, oaaAaMiHTb [AZAdach''it^] perf -y, -Huib, p -HA, imp -b puzzle,
perplex. osejieHHTb see oaeAeHHTb. [Azîlî^n^'at*'] 03ejieH|Tb imperf -hk3, -neuib, oseAC-
oAOJi>KeHH|e [AdAlzhenîya] -H, -H favour (a kind, obliging, or generous act). oAOjijKHTb see OAaA>KHBaTL. oAyeaHHHK [Aduvan^ch^'ik, -a, -ob dandelion. -g] OAbiUiK|a [Adishkd] / -h
H|HTb
-Huib,
[Azîl^'i^n^'it^] perf -k>,
trees
street,
p -HA, imp -H plant and shrubs {in a townt

etc).
261
OKO
63eplo [ozîra] n -a, pi osepa, oaep, oaepaM lake. oauMJbie [Azîmiya] pi -bix winter-crops.
o3Jio6jieHH|e [AzUblên'iya] n -a bitterness, ani-
ish, end; be through with; OKOHMHTb HHCXHXyX [yKHBCpcHiex] graduate from an
institute [a university].
oKaHMUBlaxbcn [Akan^ch'ivattsa] imperf -aexcH, okomHH;xbCJi [Akon^chîttsa] perf

-XCH,
ish;
mosity.
osHaMeHJOBaTb
HAvat^]
-OBaji,
[Aznamî-yeiiib,
perf
-yio,
p -JiCH, -.lacb end, terminate, be over.
fin-
imp
-yfi
mark
new
(a holi-
OKeaH [Ak^'iân]
ocean.
-a,
-ob
day, etc, with

etc).
successes,
OKKynHp|oBaxb
[Akup^fra-
osHawiaTb [AznAchât''] imperf -aex mean, signify, denote.
03h66
chill,
[Aznop, -b] m -a of shivering. 03fl6HyTb see 3H6HyTb. 0Ka3aTb see oKasbiBaxb. OKasdrbcsi see OKasbieaTbCH.
fit
vat^] perf & imperf -yio, -yeiub, p -oeaji, imp -yft occupy (a country, etc). -a, -ob OKJiafl[Aklat, -d] pay, (rate of) salary.
[AkPeivat^] oKjieHBJaTb imperf -aio, -aemb, oKjielHib

[Aklêit^] perf
-k),
-Huib paste
OKasbiBJarb -fAkaztvat*"] imperf -aio, -aeiub, 0Ka|3aTb [AkAzat^] perf -}Ky, OKancemb, p -3aji, imp ->kh; - axb coflCHCTBHe render assistance; OKasaxb ycjiyry do a service; oKasaxb npcAnoMxeHHe give preference to; axb conpoTHBJieHHe put up resistance; OKasaxb Hecxb do an honour.
0Ka3biB|aTbCJi [Akaztvattja] -aeiiibCH, oKa]saxbcii [AkAzattsa] perf -}Kycb, OKajKeiubCH^ p -sajicn,
over
{with);
-axb
KOMHaxy
o66hmh
paper
a room,
imperf -aiocb,
OKHJo [Akno] n -a, p/ oKHa, OKOH, oKHaM window. OKOJio [okala] I adv near, near by; gen denoting II prep with near, 1. proximity, nearness close to; ^ AOMa near the house, close to the house; oh 6hiJi - MeHH he wasnear me; he was beside me; 2. approximateness about; '
of
an
amount
cxa
KHJiOMexpoB
-sajiacb, imp -H<HCb, -Hxecb 1. find oneself {in some place or condition); 2. turn out,
prove
(to
be),
be
found
it
(that...);
aexcH,
qxo...
appears that... 0KaHHHB| axb [Akan^ch^'ivat**] -aio, -aeuib, imperf OKOHHiHTb [Akon^chît^] perf
-y,
about a hundred kilometres. OKOH [okan] see okho. [AkAn^châoKOHHaHHle nîya] n -h, -h 1. finishing, termination; no ~h yHHsepCHxexa on graduating from the university; 2. end {of a
book,
etcj;
3.
ling ending.
-Huib,
-H.n,
imp
-H fin-
[AkAnÔKOHHaTejIbH|UH ch^'atîl'niy] a sh f OKOHna-
OKO
262
OKpyjKHTb
see
TCJieH, -a, -o, -u final, conclusive. OKOHHHTb 566 OKaHMHBaTb.
oKpyjKaxb
1,
2.
1
OKaHHHOKOHHHTbCSI 566 BaXbCH. oKon [Akop, -b] m -a. -ob mil trench, entrenchment,
pi
OKpyjKHOCT b [ Akruzhnas^'t^ -z^d^l / -H, -eft circumference; Ha ;;Ba KHJiOMerpa b

H within kilometres.
radius of two
OKopoK [okarak, -g] m -a, -a, -OB ham, gammon. OKoneHeTb 566 KoneHeTb. OKpaHH|a [Akraina] / -bi,
outskirts {of a
city,
6ic);
outlying districts
try).
{of
a coun1.
0KTH6p|b [Aktâbr^l m -a October. 6KyH|b [okun'^l m -h, pt -H, -eft perch {a fish). OKyploK [Akurak, -g] m -Ka, -KOB (cigarette) end, (cigar-)
stub.
ojienlb [Apen^] -h, -eft deer. ojioBJo [olava] n -a tin {a metal).' OH [on] pron pers sing 3rd person ero, eiviy, ero, hm, (o) HCM {after a prep Hero, neMy. Hero, hhm), ohe /, oho n,
OKpaCHTb 566 KpaCHTb OKpaclKa [Akraska] /

-OK
6tc);
1.
-kh,
roof,
painting
(0/
coloration, colouring.
2.
colour,
0Kp6nH|yTb
perf
-y,
[Akrêpnut^]
p OKpen, okimp -h, KpenlHyxb penjia, [krêpnut^] /mper/ -ny, -He lub, p ~, -jia, imp -HH become
-euib,
OHM pi: 66jiph.
rAe BopHC? 0h "Where's Boris?" "He
strong {also
-z^d^] / vicinity.
-a,
fig).
OKpecTHOCT|b
-H,
[Akr^'esnas^t'',
is ill"; rfle CTyji? 0h b kopHA6pe. "Where's the chair?"
-eft
environs,
"It
is
in the corridor";
r;te
OKpyr [okruk,
-g]
-a,
pi
-OB region, district {a territorial divi5ion for administrative or other purposes). OKpyjaTb [Akruzhat**] imperf -aio, -aeuib, OKpym|MTb
-HJi,
Bhktop? Er6 hct ji6Ma. "Where's Victor?" "He isn't in"; rfle Be;ip6? Er6 B3a3HHa. "Where's the buck"Zina took it"; rê HsaH?, qxo c hhm? where's Ivan? what's the matter with him?; npHCMHHK He pa66TaeT; hto th cêJiaji c hhm? the radio doesn't work, what l;ave you done with it?; rAe
Jia
et?"
[Akruzhlt^] perf -y, -Hmb, p imp -H 1. surround, enclose; hedge in; mil 2. encircle; 3. {no surround, OHa 6ojibHa. perf)'. ero ~ajiH HHiepecHbie AHHa? he was among inter- "Where's Anna?" "She is ill"; jiioAH esting people. rAe KHHra? OHa na noJiOKpy}KeHH|e [Akruzhen^'iya] Ke. "Where's the book?" "It n -H 1. encirclement; 2. en- is on the shelf"; rjxe HHHa? vironment, surroundings. Ee HCT AOMa. "Where's Ni-
263
na?" "She isn't in"; rê khh- a prep nee, neu, nee, hch) ra?; ee HHrAe Hex where's the see OH. OHH [An^f] pron pi hx, hm, book? it is not to be found anywhere; rê Jlena?, mto HX, HMH, (o) HHX {after a c Heft? Where's Lena? what's prep HHX, HHM, HHX, HHMh) the matter with her?; pyMKa see OH. OHO [Ano] pron n ero. eMy, He nHuieT; mo tli CAejiaJi c HeS? the pen doesn't write, ero, HM, (o) HeM {after a prep what have you done with Herd, HeMy, nero, hhm) see oho na OH. it?; npHHecH Be;ip6, OOH [o-6n] abbrev (/) KyxHe fetch the bucket, it the kitchen; jxau euy (OppaHHaauHH OSTjeAHHenHbix is in CTanaH boaw give him a glass HauHft) UNO (United Nations of water; 3to Ay6, eMy cxo Organization). jiei this is an oak, it is one ona3AbiB|aTb [Apazdtvat^] hundred years old; sto QAe- imperf -aio, -aenib, ono3jiaHo HM it is done by him; AJaxb [ApAzdat^] perf -aio, 3T0T K;iy6 nocTpoen kojixos- -aemb be late; be overdue; HHKaMH, H OHH FOpAHTCH HM onosA^Tb Ha noesA [b uiKOJiy the club has been built by u m. n.] be late for the train the collective farmers, and [for school,, etc]. onac|atbCji [ApAsattsa] //nthey are proud of it; Bhktop He 66jieH, He CecnoKOHcn o perf -aiocb, -aenibCH flar, be HCM Victor is not ill don't apprehensive {of). worry about him; a^h efi onaceHH|e [ApASênîya] n cxaKaH BOAbi give her a glass -fl, -ft fear, misgiving; bmof water; sxo apcbhhh py- sbiBaxb ^-H excite apprehenKOHHCb, eft ABe xbiCHUH Jiex sion. [Apasnas^t^, onacHOCT|b this is an ancient manuscript, it is two thousand years old; -z^d^] / -H, -eft danger, per3X0 HanHcano eio it is writ- il; noABepraxb -~h expose ten by her; noesAKa 6biJia to danger; endanger, jeopardOMeHb HHXepeCHOH, H OH AO- ize. BOJien eio the trip was very onacHJbiH [Apasntyj.a sh f/ interesting and he is pleased onacen, -a, -o, -bi dangerous, with it; OHH b xoft KOMHaxe perilous. they are in that room; qxo onepja [opîra] / -u, c HHMH? what's the matter opera. with them?; hm CKaaajiH, onepaxHBHlbiH [ApîrAt^fvqxo... they were told that...; niy] a sh f onepaxiiBeH, -a, qxo xu 3Haemb o hhx? what 0, -bi 1. operative, effective, do you know about them? nied surgicalj efficient; 2. ona [Ana] pron / ee, eft, 3. mil strategical; opera-
ee,
eft
(eio),
(o)
neft
{after
tion(s) {attr).
one
264
list,
onepduH|ji [Ap^lratsty9] / operation {surgical, -ft military, financial, etc). onepejiHTb see onepe>KaTb. onepe)K|aTb [Apîrî^zHat^]
-H,
-eft
catalogue, schedule;
etc).
-bi
inventory
{of books, onjiaxja [Aplata] /
ment, remuneration;
paynoAen-
imperf
-aio,
-aeuib,
onepe-
fl|HTb [Apîrî^d*"!!**] perf onepe5Ky, -Huib, p -HJi, imp -h
ahead {of), pass / get 1. outstrip; 2. forestall, anticipate. onepexTla [Apî^r^6t9] / -bi,
musical comedy. onepexbcji see onHpajbCH.
â pay by the day; cAejibHan â payment by the piece. onjiaxHXb see onjiaqHBaxb, onjiaHHB|axb [Aplachîvat**] imperf -aio, -aeuib, onjiajxHxb [ApUtît''] perf -qy, onjiaxHuib, p -XHJi, /mp -xrf repay, services)', pay {for goods ~axb pacxoAbi meet the
HaH
costs:
onepHp|oBaTb
vat'']
-yeiiib,
[Apî^rîra-
perf
&
imperf
-yio,
operate {1} on a patient', 2) with
-OBaji,
imp
-yft
facts, etc).
oneHaxlKa
[Ap''i^ch*'5tka] /
onji6uiHocx|b [Aploshnas^t^, -z^'d''] / -h, -eft mistake, blunder {caused by oversight or negligence). onoBeii;|dxb [Apav^'i*sh'^'.at^]
-KH, -OK misprint. oniijilKH [Ap^'ilkî]
imperf
-aio,
-êuib,
pi
-OK
sawdust. [Apîrattsa] onHp|aTbCfl imperf -aiocb, -aeuibcn, one[Ap^'i^r^'ettsa] plexbCJi perf o6onpeuibCH, p o6onpycb, -Jiacb (onepjiacb), onepCH,
-jiocb (on&pjiocb), -jiHCb (on^pjiHCb),
onoBecx|Hxb [Apav'î^s^'tît*'] perf onosemy, -riuib, p -hji,
imp
n
-H notify,
ono3flaHH|e
inform. [ApAzdanîya]
-H, -ft being late; delay, retardation; 6e3 --h in time; c CM Ha nojiqac^ half an
hour
late.
imp oConpHCb, o6o-
rest lean {upon), {upon) {also fig). onHcaHH|e [Apîsanîya] n -H, -ft description {of a fact,
npHxecb
phenomenon, etc); account {of a trip, etc). senses. onHcaxb see onftcbiaaxb. onopja [Ap6ra]/ -m, ^ sup[Apîsivat''] port {a person or thing that onHCbiBJaxb imperf -aio, -aeuib, onMc|dxb supports); onftxoHKa '-bi fulcrum; Hafi[Ap'îs^f'l perf ooHUiy, meuib, p -aji, imp onHuiri 1. XII xowKy ~'bi gain a footdescribe, depict; 2. make an hold. inventory. onno3HuH|fl [ApAz^'itsiya]/ 6nuc|b [op^'is*', -z^] f -h, -H, -ft pol opposition."
onosfldxb see onasAbieaxb. on6MH|HXbC5i [Apomnîttsa] perf -KDCb, -Huibca, p -hjich, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb 1. come to one's senses; 2. think better of it; come to one's

onnoHeHT
[ApAnênt,
265
ony
-d]
-a,
-OB
etc).
opponent
{in
debate,
onnopryHHSM
nîzm]
[Apsrtu-
-a
{the policy of
opportunism adapting workto the inter-
ing class interests
ests of the bourgeoisie).
onpaBJa [Aprava] / -bi, mounting, casing; rim {of spectacles, etc). [AprAvdaonpaBAaHH|e justifica1. n^'iya] n -a, -h tion; 3T0 He --e tiiat is no excuse; 2. law acquittal. onpaB;iaTb see onpaeAbisetting,
{answer^ meaning, etc); 2. certain {unspecified). onpej;ejiHTb see onpeAe-nnxb. onpe;ieji|Tb [Aprîdî^lât^] -neiiib, -hk), impe-rf onpeAejilHTb [Aprîdî^Pit^j perf -K), -Hiiib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. define; determine; 2. determine, fix (precisely). onpoBepr|aTb [Apravî^rgat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, on-
perf -y,
(-y/i),
poBeprHJyTb [AprAvêrgnut^] -eiub, p onpoeepr
imp
-a refute, disprove
onpoBep}KeHH|e [Aprav^'i^r zhenîya] n -a, -h refutation

denial.
eaxb.
onpaBAaTbCH
saxbCH.
see
onpaB;;bi-
onpaBAUBJaTb
[Apravdt-
V9t^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, onpaBA|aTb [AprAvdat^] perf justify; war-aio, -aeuib 1. rant; axb ce6H 1) justify oneself; 2) prove its value
{of
[AprAk-1 OnpOKHAblBJaTb dWat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib onpoKHH|yTb [AprAk^'inut'' perf -y, -eiiib, p -yji, imp -i
overturn, upset, tip over fig upset, frustrate. [AprA onpOMeTMHBJbiJi -a m^'et^chîviy] a sh f -0, -bi rash, hasty.
1.
2.
a new
method,
2.
etc);
pay
(for itself);
law acquit,
[Apravdi-
onpaBAbiB|aTbC5i
vattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, ^npaBA|aTbcj! [ApfAvdattsa] perf -awcb, -aeiubCH iT justify oneself; ~aTbCH oneself nepcA KCM-ji. set right with smb; 2. come true, realize {of hopes, etc); prove to be correct. [Apr^'id^'ionpeflCJieHHle Penîya] n -h, -h 1. deter-
-a, -ob onpoc [Apros, -z] interrogatory, inquest, referendum; poll {to find out the opinion of the population). [Aprâtniy] a onpflTHJbiH sh f onpflxeii, -a, -o, -bi neat,
tidy.
onxoM [optam] adv wholesale.
onySjiHKOBaxb
Baxb.
see
ny6jiHK0-
onycKiaxb
perf
-aio,
tApuskat^]
im-
mination, determining; definition, defining, 2. ling attribute, modifier.
-aeiiib,
[Apus^f'it'']
onycx|MXb per/onymy, ony-
onpeAejieHHJbiH [Aprîd**!^lônniy] a {pd\ sh f onpeêjieneH, -a, -o, -u 1. definite
-HJI, imp -H I. lowput down; drop {one's eyes, a coin in the slot, etc); onycxHXb rojiosy hang one's
cxHUJb, p
er,
'
ony
266
-H,
head; 2.: onycTHTb nHCbMo post a letter; 3. omit, leave

out;
-H hothouse,
conserva-
tory.
onycTHTb <> heart.

onycK|aTbCfl
pyKH
lose
[Apuskattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeiiibCH, onycxlHTbCM [Apus^tîttse] perf onyCTHiiibCH, onymycb, p

-HJicH,
opaTop [Aratar] -a, -ob orator, speaker. opraH [organ] -a, -ob 1. organ {1} of perception, digestion, etc; 2) a newspaper^
magazine); 2. body, agency legislation, {of government,

cjieACTBeHUbie ~bi investigating authorities. opraHHsaxop [Arganîzatar] -a, -ob organizer. opraHHaauHifl [Arganîzatstya] / -H, -ft 1. organizing, organization; 2. organization (a public, political, or government body- or its structure); OpraHH3au,HH 06i>eAHHCHHbix HauHH (OOH) the
etc);
-HJiacb,
1.
imp
-HCb,
lower, sink, go down; 2. fig degenerate, deteriorate [morally).

-Hxecb
onycTHTb see onyeKaxb. onycTHTbCH see onycKaTbCH.

onycTouijaTb [ApustAshat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, onycTOiii|HTb [ApustAshtt^] perf -y,
-HiiJb,
-HJi,
tate,
ravage,
-aio,
onyxjaTb
perf
-H devaslay waste. [Apukhaf*] im-
imp
United Nations Organization
onyxH|yTb [Apukhnut^] perf -y, -eiiib, p onyx, onyxjia, imp -h swell {of a part of the body).
-aeuib,
(UNO). opraHH3M
-a,
[ArgAnîzm]
m
yio,
-OB organism.
opraHH3|oBaTb
vat**]
[Argan^'izA-
6nyxoji|b [opukhai^] / -efi swelling, tumour.
-h,
perjf
&
imperf
-yeuib,
-oBaJi,
imp -yS
(a
or-
onwT [opU,
-d]
-a,
-ob
ganize; arrange
etc).
meeting,
-a,
knowledge, experience, 1. mchtchckhh prpficiency;
6pj?eH [ord^'m]
pi -a,
oSmch --ôm -OB order {a decoration); sharing of knowledge [expe- 3HaK noMeTa the Badge of Honour. rience]'; nepcHHMaTb neft-ji. ^ [Ard^'mAnoopfleHOHGc|eu adopt smb's methods; 2. exsîts, -dz] m-ua,-u,eB person periment, test. with an 6nbiTH{biH [opttniy] a sh f decorated order
knowledge
of
life.;
onbiieH, -a, -o, -bi 1. experienced; 2. experimental.
[orders].
opeji
[Arôl]
opjia,
pi
-a,
onbsiHeTb see nbHHexb.

onflTb
[Ap*'at^,
-d*'l
opjibi, opjioB eagle.
adv
again, once more. opaHjKeBbiH [Aranzhaviy] a
opex [Ar^'ekh, -gh] -OB nut; nut-tree.

opHrHHajibH|biH
[Arîg**!-
orange {colour).
opaHiKepe|si [Ardnzhi^rêya]
nal^'niy] a sh f opHrHHajien, -a, -o, -hi 1. original, genu-

Oi
267
aKTHBHbie
fallout.
OCB
ine, authentic; 2. new, novel, original, unortiiodox.
~KH
Fadioactivtt
HeHTHp|OBaTbCSI
[Ar**i-
ocawAlaTb
perf
-aio,
yi^ntîravattja] perf & imperf -yKDGb, -yeiubCH, p -OBajicn, -OBajiacb, imp -yficH, -yHiecb osaTbCH Grient(ate) oneself; Ha MecTHocTH find one's Ha... bearings; oBaTbCH
[ASAzhdat^'l im-aeuib, ocaA HTb

-Huib,
-H
1.
[ASAdît*'] perf ocaJKy,
-HJI,
imp
lay
to, besiege; 2. fig col
siege beset,
beleaguer.
pattern by..., one's beJiaviour [policy] on...
be
guided
opKecTp [Arkêstr] -a, -OB orchestra {1) a group of

musicians; 2) instruments). opjia [Aria], opjioe [Arlof,
-v] see opeji.
ocaHK|a [Asanka] / -h carriage, bearing. ocBaHBJaTb [Asvaivat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, ocBOlUTb [Asvoit^] perf -k), -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. master (a subject,
machinery,
etc);
become
an expert in; ~aTb npoH3opocHTb see opomaxb. BOACTBo Hero-ji. organize proopouilaTi. [ArAshat^] imperf duction of smth; 2.: âxb [afa- uejiHHHbie 3eMJiH bring hew aio, -aeujb, opOGlHTb -i5mb, p lands under the plough. Bît^] perf opomy,
HJi,
imp
-H
water,
irrigate.
ocBaHB|aTbcsi [Asvaivattsa]
-aeuibCH, -aK)Cb, imperf ocBolHXbCH [Asvoittsa] perf
-K)Ct>,
opyAHJe [Arud^'iya] n -h, H 1. instrument, implement,

3.
2. fig instrument, tool; mil gun, piece of ordnance. opyiKH|e [Aruzhiya] n -h 1. arm, weapon; arms; weapons;
tool;
-Hjiacb
-h:)1CH, -HIHbCH, p imp -HCH, -Hxecb get
familiar with {one's work, surroundings, etc); oh y>Ke ocBOHjiCH he feels quite at
ease.
or-HecTpejibHoe ~e fire-arm(s); 2. fig weapon; -^ SpJiuaTb CM rattle the sabre. op(J)orpa(j)H|5i [ArfAgraf'iya] / -H orthography, spelling. oca [Asa] / ocbi, pi ocu,
oc,
{of
ocBeAOMHTbCfl see ocbcaomJIHXbCH. ocBeAOMJilflxbCfl

[as^v'*!-
dAmPattsa]
vêdamîttja]
imperf
-niocb,
-HeuibCH, ocBeflOM|HTbCfl [as^-juocb, perf -HUibCH, p -HJicH, -HJiacb inquire, make inquires (about).
ocaM wasp.
ocaAJa [Asada] / -u siege a fortress, etc). ocBexHTb see ocBeu;axb. ocaAHTb see oca^âxb. :at^] ocBeii^|a.Tb [as^ ocBe-aeuib, ocaAJOK [Asadak, -g] m -Ka, imperf -aio. pi -KH, -KOB 1. sediment, X|HXb [as** v'înît^] perf ocdeposit;
2.
fig feeling of
3.
re-
Bemy,
-HUib
-HJi,
imp
sentment;
pi precipitation light up, illuminate; {rainfall or snowfall); paAHo- [fig elucidate, throw light on
OCB
268
ocBeiu,eHHte [As^vî^sh^.enîya] n -h 1. light, lighting,
ocHH|a
[As^'ina]
-bi,
^
a
asp, aspen.
illCimination; 2. fig elu-
ocHHOBbiH
aspen; flpOKaXb <>
[Asîn9vty]
cidation, interpretation.
0CB060AMTejIbHbiH [AsvabAdîtîPniy] a liberation {movement, war, etc). ocBo6oAHTb see ocbo6ohcAaxb. [AsvabAzhocBo6ox(A|aTb
tremble like
ocKOJiloK
-Ka,
KaK ~ an aspen
[Askolak, splinter,
see
JIHCT
leaf.
-g]
-KOB
frag-
ment.
OCKOp^MTb
0CK0p6jIHTb.
imperf ocBo6oA|HTb
d^t^]
-aio,
-5eiiib,
0CK0p6jiiaTb
[AsVabAdît'î
-iîiib,
perf ocBodoJKy,
imp
-H 1. liberate; pate; set free; 2. free taxation, obligation,
imperf -hio, p -hji, 6|HTb [AskArbîf*] perf -jiib, emanci- -Huib, p -HJI, imp -H insult,
{from
etc);
[AskArblât*"] -êuib, ocKop-
outrage.
ocjia
[Aslal,
OCJIOB
[Aslof,
classes, etc); excuse {from exempt; 3.: axb kofo-ji. ot
-v] see oceji.
GCJia6eB[aTb
[Asbb^'i^vatÎ
-aeiub,
saHHMaeMOH
lieve
smb
aojijkhocth reof his post; ocbo-
imperf
djexb -eemb
-aio,
ocjia-^lo,
[AsUbêt*'] perf
1. weaken, grow weak/ 6oAHTb OT o6H3aHHocTeH release from duties; 4.: axb feeble; 2. slacken, relax {of noMemeHHe vacate the prem- attention, strain, etc).
ises;
ocjia66xb see ocJiadeBaxb

CJia6exb.
[npo({)coK)3HbiH
in.
&
--eHHbiH ccKperapb napid.]
opraHHsauHH
padoTHHK. u
full-time
secretary of a party organization [trade'union official,

etc].
ocjia6HXb see ocJia6jiHXb. ocjia6ji|xb [AslAblMt^] imperf -HK), -HeiUb, 0CJia6|HXb

[Aslab'ît*']
perf
-b
-jiio,
1.
-Hiiib,
p
2.
-HJI,
imp
weaken;
ocBOHTb
see ocBaHsaTb. OCBOHTbCSI SeeOCBaHBaTbCH. oceji [asôI] m ocjia, pi
relax
{one's
attention, ef-
forts, muscles, etc).

pît^'il^'nty]
ocjib'i,
ocjioB
donkey,
ass.
ocjienHxejibH|biH [As^'lîâ sh f ocjienn-
oceHHHH autumn.
[Asên*'n''iy]
xejiCH,
6ceH|b'[6s^m''] / -h
autumn;
adv
in
-a, -bi -o, blinding; dazzling {also fig). ocjienHTb see ocjienjiHXb.
US
fall.
ocjienji|xb
(As^l^'i^plât**]
oceHbK)
[6s^m'*yu]
autumn.
oceTp [Asôtr] m ocerpa, ocexpoB sturgeon {a fish). oceTpAHla [As''i^tr''ina] /
u sturgeon {the
[les'h of).
imperf -^lo, -neuib, ocjien|Mxb [AS^l^'i'^p^'it''] perf -jiib, -Huib, p -Yin, imp -H I. blind, make blind; 2. dazzle (also
fig)-
ocjienHyxb see cjiennyxb.
269
ocjiojKHeHHJe
n'îya]
OCT
[AslAzhnê1.
-h,
-h
complica-
tion (stnth that
makes things
difficult, etc); 2. complication, after-effect {of a disease).
more
lAsmatrîocMaTpHB|aTb -aio, -aeiub, imperf ocMOTpjexb [AsmAtrêt^] perf ocMOTpHiub, p -eJi, imp -K), view, survey; -H examine,
vaf*]
see {an exhibition, spect {a building,

etc);
etc);
in-
luggage,
do {a
city).
ochobh|6h [AsnAvnqy] a fundamental, basic, princikhhf the pal; an Macca bulk of the books; B ~6m on the whole in the main. [Asn6viv9t^] ocHOBbiBlaTb imperf -aio, -aeiiib, och|oBarb [AsnAvat^] perf -yib, -yeuib, found p -OBaji 1. {a city, etc); 2. base {research, etc, on smth); sto hh na mcm He ocHOBaHO it is unfounded. oc66eHHO [Asobînna] adv
0CMejiHB|aTbCfl [As^m'êlîV9ttj9] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, ocMejilHTbCM [As'^m^cl'î-HlUbCH, p ttjS] perf -K)Cb, imp -bCH, -HJiaCb, -HJIC5I, -bxecb dare {do smth); take the liberty {of saying, etc),
1.
especially, particularly;
2.
unusually, more than, usual; not very (much). <> He oc66eHHOCTib [Asob^mas'^t^,
venture {a remark, etc). ocMOTpeTb see ocMaxpHBaTb. ocHoela [Asnova] / -bi, pi

-bi,
'-'
-H, -eft peculiarity, feature; H especially, in par<> B ticular.

-z^d''] /
ocoCeHHJbiH
[Asob^'mnty] a
1.
base,
basis,
founas-
sh f {no m), -a, -o, -u particular, special; peculiar {manner, etc);
dation;
npHHHTb 3a
sume
as a basis; 3ajio:cHTb ~y lay (down) the foundations; 2. pi principles, fundamentals; 3. ling stem.
<>
HHHero
ore nothing
in
ocHOBaHH|e [AsnAvanîya] n -H 1. foundation {the process of); 2. foundation, base building, etc); {of a wall, a mountain); 3. foot {of
-H,
particular, nothing much. oc66[uH [Asobiy] a special, peculiar, particuspecific, lar; oe MHeHHe dissenting opinion. 6cn|a [ospa] / -u smallpox; BCTpHHan a chicken-pox.
grounds, reason; 6biTb jihlueHHbiM BCHKoro ~H be absoc nojilutely unfounded; HbiM --eM with good reason, [AsnAvaocHOBarejibHlbiH t^'il'^nty] a sh f ocHOBaiejieH, -a, -o, -bi 1. well-grounded; 2. solid, sound, thorough.
ocnapHB|aTb [AsparMvot^] -aeiijb, ocnoimperf -aio, pJHTb [Asporît''] perf -k),

-Hijjb,
-HJi,
imp
-b
1.
disetc);
pute {a matter,
rights,
call in question; 2.
{no perf)
ocHoeaTb
see
ocHosuBaTb.
contend, contest. [AstAvattga] ocTa|BaTbCfl imperf -ibcb, -eiubCH, p -BajiCH, -Bajiacb, into -BaHCH.-Bafl-
OCT
Tecb,
270
-jiK),
perf
[Astattsa] ocT|aTbCfl -aHeuibCH, -anycb, p imp -anbCH, -ajicH, -ajiacb, -aHbjecb 1. remain, stay; 2. be left {of a certain amount, etc); y nac ociaJiocb naib
perf
ocTaHoBHiiib, p
-hji,
MHHyT we have
to
five
minutes
He-
go;
H^TH
is
ocrdjiocb
MHoro there
only a little way to go; 3.: no6eAa ocxajiacb 3a HaMH the victory was ours; 3a hhm ocxajiocb AccHib py6jieH he owes me ten roubles; <> ocraTbCji HH c hcm suffer a fiasco; He ocTaeTCJi HMHero jipyroro, KaK... nothing else is left but... ccraEHTb see ociaBJiHib. ocTaBjilTb [AstAvlât''] im-
bring to a stop; -axb BsrjiHA Ha kom-ji. rest one's gaze on smb. OCXaHaBJIHB|aXbCfl [AStAnavlîvattja] imperf -aiocb, -aembCH, ocxaHOBlHxbcsi [AstaUAVîttja] perf -Jiibcb, ocxaHOBHUIbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb,
-H stop,
imp
imp come
-itcb,
-Hxecb
1.
to a stop; standstill; 2. put {at a hotel, etc)',
come
up,
3.
stop, to a
stay dwell
{on a subject, etc); <> KM nepcfl HCM He -axbCH stop at nothing.
ocxaHOBHXb
Baxb.
see
ocxanaBJiHsee
ocxaHOBHXbcsi
JIHBaXbCH.
ocxanaB-
perf
-HK),
-êiiib,
ocTaelHTb
-jiio,
ocxaHOBJKa
-KH,
2,
[Astavît^]
perf
-h \.
-Huib,
-HJi,
imp
or
2.
erately
ness)',
leave {delibthrough carelessreserve, keep {for

3.
-OK stop,
1.
stop, station;
[AstAnofka] f stoppage;
KOHe^HaH
~Ka terminal, terminus; <> ~Ka 3a... all that is wanted

is...
future sake;
use)',
abandon,
for-
ocxax|oK
-Ka,
rest,
le
[Astatak,
1.
-g]
B noKoe leave <> ~Tb alone; KaMHji na KaMHe ne no ocxaBHTb leave stone
-KOB
remainder, the remnant; ~kh CAbi

of
food;
2.
It -overs
math
unturned. ocxajibHloH [AstAl^'noy] I a the rest of; ~6e BpeMH the

rest of the time; ^-b'le the rest of the days;
remainder.
ocxaxbCJi see ocxaBaxbCH. ocxeperjaxbcsi [As^'tîrî'^gattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, ocxepe|HbCJi [As^f'i^rêch^sâ] perf -rycb, -JKeuibCH, -ryxcH,
ahh
II as a noun 1. o c t a Ji bHJbie pi -b'lx the others, the re?t; 2. ocTajibHJoe n -oro the rest; Bce ~-6e everything else; b ~6m in other
ocxepercH,
-rjiacb,
imp
respects.
lîvat'']
-FHxecb beware (o/j, -FHCb, be careful {of)\ be careful not to (catch cold, etc); be on one's guard {against).
ocxop6)KH|biH lAstArozhniy] a sh f ocxop6>KeH, -a, -o, -bi careful, cautious.
[AstAnavocTaHaBJiHB|aTb imperf -aio, -aeuib,

[AstanAvît'']
ocTaHOBJMTb

ocTplMTb
-K),
271
imp
fulfil,
OT
-H
[Astrît^]
imperf
-H,
-HJi,
carry out, real{a
-Huib,
-HJi,
imp
ize;
put into practice;

decision,
etc);
ciocTpMTb
[sAstr^'it^] perf joke,
implement
etc);
make
-a,
jokes.
exercise {control,
~HTb
ocxpoB [6str9f,,-v]
-OB
-a,
pi
island,
~'
isle;
Heo6H-bi,
TaeMbifl
-bi,
desert island.
pi
pe>KHM SKOHOMHH practise economy; ocymecTBHTb cBoe HaMepeHHe make good one's
intentions.
ocTpOTJa [Astrota] /
-aM witticism,
witty
ocbinarbcn
see
ocbmaxbcn.
remark. ocTpoyMHJbiH [AstrAumnty] a sh f ocTpoyMCH, -a, -o, -bi

1.
witty; 2, clever, ingenious. 6cTp|biH [ostriy] a sh f ^,

-o,
-bi
ocbin|aTbC5i [Asipattja] imperf -aexcH, ocbinlaTbcji [AStp9ttj9] perf -JiexcH, p -ajiCH, -aiacb 1. crumble {of plastering, etc); 2. fall {of flowers,
leaves).
-a,
ner, pain,
interest,
sharp {pin, corkeen (knife, acute {pain, etc);

1.
etc);
corner, etc); ~-oe cjiobuo witticism; oesaMcqaHHe point-
ed
remark;
~oe
nojionêHHe
OCb [os'', -Z^] / OCH, pi ocH, oceft 1. axis; 2. technol axle, pin. ocfi3aHn|e [Asî^zanîya] n -H sense of touch.
OT
ic
[ot; in
2.: ~oe situation; -~-biH 6jik)Ao savoury dish; coyc piquant sauce. ocTbiB|aTb [Asttvat^] im-aeuib, ocTbiJTb perf -aio, [Asttt^l perf -Hy, -neuib, p -ji, imp -Hb 1. get cold, cool; 2. fig cool, lose interest.
critical
see ocysÂaTb. ocyjKAlaTb [Asuzhdat^] im-aio, -aeuib, ocyAlMTb perf [Asud'ît^] perf ocy>Ky, ocyAHUib, p -HJI, imp -H 1. law convict, condemn; ero ocyAHJiH na TpH roAa he was sentenced to three years of prison; 2, condemn, censure,
ocyAHTb
At, Ad; in the position pretonic position second ad; in a stressed posiat, tion 6t, od], OTO fota; in the first pretonic position AtA] prep with gen denoting 1. the starting poirit of a movement from; ox OiMCKa ao
the first
preton-
ToMCKB from Omsk to Tomsk; nojiymirfa nncbMO ox Koro-Ji.

receive
2.
a letter from smb; Hanpaso ox AOMa to the right of the house; on

side:
denounce.
ocymecTBHTb
CTBJIHTb.
see
ocyme-
ocymecTBJiJHTb
stvlât^] imperf
[Asush^:i^-hk),
-êuih,
ocymecTBliiTb
[Asush^:i^-
the right of the house; cnpaBa ox Bac on your right; 3. cause or reason: 6AeAHbiH ox cxpaxa pale with fright; njiaKaxb ox paAocxH cry for joy; yMepexb ox roAOAa die of hunger; 4. a state, condition, etc, against which some precautions, etc, are taken: cexKa OT KOMapoB mosquito-
OT
272
imp
jieKapcTBo or rpHnna the flu; 5. for the fact that a thing forms part of smth or belongs to smth: KpbiiiiKa OT KacTpiojiH the lid of a saucepan; a saucepan lid; 6. date: npaBAa ot 4 anpejiH "Pravda" of Ap/il 4, "Pravda" dated April 4; <> OT pyKH by hand (of writ-net;
remedy
0T6epH 1. take (against a person's will); 2. choose, select.

-ajiH,
away
0T6HTb see oTdHsaTb. 0T6dp [Adb6r] m -a

lection,
1.
se-
selecting;
2.
biol
selection.
oxGopHlbiM
1.
[Adbornty]
2. col:
select, choice;
~bie
Bbipa>KeHHH
sions;
ing, etc). oT..., OTO..., ottj... pref of
refined expresvile abuse. OTCpacbiBJaTb [Adbrasfvat^]
~aH pyraHb
verbs denoting 1. movement imperf -aio, -aeiiib, OT6p6smth: otdejKaTb cJHTb [Adbros^'it^] perf ot[Adb^'i^zhat^] run off (a few 6p6iiiy, -Hiiib, p -HJI, imp -h steps, throw (to a side, back, etc); OT-bexaib [At- 1. yekhat^] drive off (a short etc); toss away; 2. mil hurl/ distance, etc); 2. detachment, throw back; 3. fig give up, reseparation: OTBHHTiiTb [At- ject, dismiss (ideas, theories, vîn''t'it^] unscrew; 3. com- etc); 4. fig: ~aTb TCHb throw
away from
OT6p6c|bi [Adbrosi] pi -ob garbage, refuse; waste matter. 0T6biB|aTb [Adbtvat''] im0T6epH [Adb^'i^rî] imp of perf -5k), -6euib, 0T6|biTb [Adbtt*"] perf -y^y, -yjieuib, OTo6paTb; see 0T6HpaTb. 0T6epy [Adbî^ru], OTê- p -b'lji, imp -yAb 1. depart, peiub [Adbî^r*6sh, -zh] Jst leave; 2.: '-aTb HaKaaaHHe & 2nd persons of OTo6piTb; serve one's sentence. see oT^HpaTb. OTBdrja [Atvaga] / -h couror6HB|aTb [Adbîvat^] image, valour. OTBa)KH|biH [Atvazhniy] a perf -aib, -aeuib, 0T6JMTb [Adb'lt^] perf oToCbK), oTo6beiiJb, sh f oTBanêH, -a, -o, -bi courp -HJi, imp -eft 1. break ageous, brave. off (with a hammer, etc); OTBesTH bee OTBoaiiTb. 2\ beat off, repulse (an atOTBeprjaTb [Atvî^rgat''] tack, etc); 3. col take away imperf -aio, -aeuib, OTedpr(the smell, taste); HJyTb [Atvêrgnut''] perf -y, <> 0T6HTb oxoTy col discour- -euib, p OTBepr (-yji), OTBeprage (from doing smth). jia imp -H reject, turn down. OTBepHyTbCJi see otbop^mh0T6HplaTb [Adbîraf*] imperf -aio, -aeujb, OTo6p|aTb BaTbCH. [AtAbrat**] perf oT6epy, otOTBepCTHJe [Atv^'ers^'t^'iyaJ Oepeiub, p -aji, -a;ia, -ajio, n -H, -H opening, hoi?; sjpt
pletion, cessation of an action: OTueecTii [Attsvî^s't'i] finish blossoming; OTêjKypHTb [Ad^d^'i^zhurîl*'] come off duty.
shadow.

(for coins, etc); inlet; BbixoflHoe
27a
-aiocb,
OTB
êiubCH,
BxoAHoe ^-e
outlet. OTBecHJb/H [Atv^'esniy] ash

-o,
~e
tts9] imperf oxBJie|HbCH perf -Kycb,
[Atvlêch^'sâ] -MeuibCH, p ox-
f oTBeceH, -a, steep, sheer.
-u plumb;
OTBCCTH see OTBOAHTb. OTBCT [Atv^'et, -d] m

answer, Ha... in reply
-OB
1.
-a,
reply; b to... [also see

call
imp -KHCb, be distracted / diverted; digress {in talking or writing); 2. abstract oneself
BJieKCH,
-KJiacb,
-KHxecb
1.
<>];
2,:
npHSBaxb k ~-y
to account; Ha... in response to... <> B
{from). OXEJieieHHiblH [Atvlî^chônnty] a {pa\ sh f oxBJieMCH, -a, -o, -bi abstract (tfifea,
etc).
OTBeTHTb see oTBeqaib 1, 2. OTBeTCTBeHHOCT|b [Atvêtsf'vînas^t^, -z^d^] / -h responsibility; 6paTb qro-Ji. na do smth on one's CBOK) own responsibility, take smth upon oneself; npHBjieKaxb k '-H call to account.
~b
oxBjieHb see oTBJieKaxb. oxB.ieqbCft seeoxB.JieKaxbCH. dXB0A|HXb [AtvAdît^] imperf OXBO^y, OXBOAHUJb, p
-HJi,
imp
-H,
OXBe|cXH
-ah
1.
[At-
oxBeji,
-j\a,
imp
lead,
OTBeTCTBeHH|blfi [Atv^Ctst''f OTBexcxBen, -a, -o, -bi 1. responsible; 2. important, crucial; ~-biH moMCHT crucial point.
v^mnty] a sh
take {to some place, in a certain direction); - HXb soficKa withdraw the troops; 2.:
~HXb
BOAy
drain;
oxBecxH
[Atvî^ch^'at^] OTBeH|aTb imperf -aio, -aemb, OTBexJHTb oxBeny, [Atvêtît**] perf
rjiasa look aside \also see OJ; 3. parry {a blow); 4. fig reject {a candidacy); 5. allot,
destine smth);
<>
{land,
premises
for
OTBecTH Ayuiy unburden one's heart; oxBecxH rjiasa Koiviy-Ji. deceive smb. oxBoalHXb [AtvAzît^] imTpe6oBaHHHM [HasHaêHHio perf OXBOJKy, OXBOSHIIIb, p -HJI, u m. n.] meet the require- imp -H, OTBcajxH [Atvî^ments [purpose, etc]; ~axb s^t^'i] perf -y, -euib, p oxHHxepecaM... accord with the Bes, -Jia, imp -h take away interests of... {in a vehicle).
an-HU!b, p -HJi, imp -b 1. swer, reply; 2. be responsible (for); --axb tojioboh 3a Mxo-Ji. stake one's life on axb smth; 3. {no perf):
~Hxb
pojib assign a part;
oxBJieK|axb
[Atvlî^kat^]
oxBOpaHHB|axbcsi
[AtvAra-
imperf
-aio,
-aeuib, oxBjie|Hb
[Atvl**ech^] perf -Ky, -weuib, oxBJieK, -KJia, imp -kh distract, divert {attention, etc). [Atvlî*^kaOTBJieKlaxbcsi
-aracb, chîvattsa] imperf -aeuibCH, 0TBepH|yxbCH [Atv''i^rnuttj9] perf -^Cb, -euibCH, p -yjiCH, -yjiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb I. avert one's face /
0TB
274
-rfuib,
eyes; look the other way; 2. fig break (with smb). [AtvrAOTBpaTHTeJlbH|blH tît^'il^nly] a sh /oTEpaTritedisgusting, -bi jieH, -a, -o,
-K),
-HJi,
imp
-H dis-
suade
talk out {of). OT;ia|BaTb [AddAvat**] perf -K), -euib, p -saji,

-Baft,
im-
imp
OTA|aTb
[Addat^l perf
loathsome.
OTBpameHHie [AtviAshîenîya] n -h aversion, disgust, repugnance; BHyiiiaxb ~e fill with disgust; nHTaxb -ê k...
loathe...
OTBbiKJaTb
perf -aio,
[Atvlkat^]
im-
-aeuib, OTBbiKH|yTb [Atviknut^] perf -y, -euib, p
-aM, -aujb, -acT, -aAHM, -aAHTe, -aAyT, p oTAaji, -a;ia, 6tAajio, OTâjiH, imp -avi 1. return, give back; 2. give up, hand over, relinquish; 3. fig give up, sacrifice, devote wholly; 4. send, put (a child to school, a kindergarten, etcy^
5.
col let
have
(in
selling)-,
OTBbiK, oTBWKJia, imp -H fall out of the habit of, lose the habit of. OTBJISaTb sec 0TBH3bIBaTb 0TBH3bIsee OTBSJSaTbCfl
6.:
BaTb npHKasaHHe
order,
an
give
an
issue order;
BaTbCH. 0TBfl3biB|aTb [Atv^'aztvat^l imperf -aio, -aeiiib, 0TBsi|3aTb [Atvî*^zat^] perf -my, otBflH<eiiib,
BaTb npeAnoMxeHHe show give prefpreference (to), (no erence (to); 7. perf) taste (of), savour (of); smell
(Of)',
<> -^Baib ;i6ji)KHoe [HeMy-ji.] do justice
KOMy-ji. to smb
-3aji,
imp
-jkh
untie,
unfasten
[separate
from). 0TBn3biB|aTbcsi [Atvâzivattj9] imperf -aioGb, -aeiubCH, 0TBfl|3aTbCfl fAtvî^zattja] perf ->Kycb, 0TBHH<embCH, p
-3ajicH,
[smthl; --BaTb noA cya prosecute. oTAajieHHibiH [AddAlônniy] a [pa] sh f oTflajieH, -a, -o, -bi remote, distant. OTjiaTb see oTâBaTb 1, 2,
3,
4,
5,
6.
-sajiacb,
imp
-M<HCb,
OTAeji [Ad^dêll
(office)
-a,
-ob
Ka;;-
->KHTecb 1. come untied, come loose, get undone; 2. fig col get rid (of); 3. fig cot leave alone, leave in peace; stop nagging.^ OTraitaxb see OTra;ibiBaTb.
department;
/
poB personnel
ment.
staff depart-
[Ad^dî^PeOTAejieHH|e nîys] n -h, -h 1. separation (the process of)', 2. compart-
OTraAbiB|aTb [Adgadtvat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, OTrafljaTb [AdgAdaf*] perf -aio, -aeuib guess (a riddle, etc). OTroBapHB|aTb [AdgAvarîV9t''l imperf -aio, -aeuib, otroBoplMTb [AdgavArît*'! perf
ment, section; MauiHHHoe ~e engine room / compartment;

--e
nHCbMCHHoro
CTOJia
pi-
geon-hole (in a desk); 3. department, (local) branch (of a bank, etc); e mhjihixhh
local militia station; 4 part
^ 275
(of
OTK
see ox-
tion;
a concert, etc); US squad.
5.
mil sec-
persons of oToasaxb;
3bIBaXb,
OTACJlHTb see 0TA6JlHTb. OTAejibH|biH [Ad^dêl^niy] a separate; ~biH bxoa private entrance; bie jiHua individuals. OTflejiiaxb [Ad^dî^l'at^]
OXSOByCb [AdzAvus^, -z^], OXSOBeUlbGH [AdzAV^6shs^8] 1st & 2nd persons of oxosBaxbch; see ox3biBaxbC5i. 6x3biB [odztf, -v]
-a, -ob
imperf
jiHuibi
-hk), -neuib, 0Tfleji|HTb

-ib,
tAd^dî^lît^] perf
otac3a-
-HJi,
imp
-H separate,
detach,
disjoin;
HTb
HaseCKOH [neperopoAKofi] curtain [partition] off. OTflOXHyTb see oT^bixaxb. OTAbix [oddjkii, -gh] -a rest, repose; relaxation {amusement)', rest and recreation.
opinion, reference; review {of a book, article, etc); aaxb xopoiiiHH /o KOM-ji. give a good reference to smb. ox3biB|axb [Adzivat^l imperf -aio, -aeuib, oxo33|axb [AtAzvat^l perf 0T30By, ofab-
fieujb,
-aji, -ajia, -ajio, -aJiH,

1.
imp
0X30BH
take
call
aside; 2. recall {an dor, etc).
ambassa-
OTAbix|aTb [Addikhat^] /mperf -mi, -aemb, 0TA0XH|yTb [AddAkhnut^] perf -y, -euib,
[Adztvattsa] oxswEJaxbCJi imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, oro3B|axbcji

[AtAZvattja]
perf
-3J\-
0X30ByCb, OXSOBCUIbCH, p
have a CH, -ajiacb, -ajiocb (-a.nocb), rest; -âxb y'MopH spend one's -ajiHCb (-ajiHCb), imp 0x3oholidays at the seaside. BHCb, oxsoBHxecb 1. answcr oxei; [Atêts. -dz] m oTua, {when one is called); 2. speak pi OTiibi, OTUOB father {of a (0/ smb, smth, in a specified
-yji,
imp
-H rest,
family). OTeHecTBeHH|bifl [At^'ech*'!s^t^vînniy] a home {attr) {industry, etc); Toeapbi ~or,o
way).
0X3bIBHHB|bIl! [Adz+fchîviy] a sh f ~, -a, -0, -bi responsive, sympathetic. oxKas [Atkas, -z] -a, -ob refusal, repudiation; He npHHHMaxb ~a not to take "no" for the answer; oxBexHXb om
npoHSBOACTBa
goods;
<0^
home-made
~aji BOHHa patriotic war. OTeHecTBlo [At'ech^'istva] n -a native land, fatherland.

[AdzAvî] imp of OTosBBTb; see oTSbiBaxb, OXSOBHCb [AdZAVîs^, -Z^],
0T3QBI1
deny (a request); 6e3 â <> pa66xaxb smoothly {of an engine,

flo
run
etc);
OXSGBHXeCb [AdzAv^'if'is^, -z^] imp of oxosBaxbCH; see ox3biBaXbCH.
tiety;
OX30By [AdzAVU], OXSOBeUIb [AdzAVôsh, -zh] 1st & 2nd
overflowing / saas far as it will go {of a screw, etc). oxKa3axb see oxKasbmaxb. oxKa3axbcsi see oxKa3bi1)
to
2)
BaXbCH.
OTK
278
OTKjiHK [6tkl''ik, -g] -a, pi -H, -OB 1. -response (a feeling); HaftTH lUHpoKHH meet with a warm response; 2. pi comments {on a political statement, etc). OTKJIHK axbcsi [AtkPikattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, otKJiHKHJyTbCfl [Atklîknutts9] perf -ych, -euibCH, p -yjiCH, -yjiacb, imp -HCb, -HTecb 1. an-
[Atkazlvat''] OTKdsbiBJaTb imperf -aio, -aeiub, OTKaajaTb [AtkAzat^] perf oTKa^Ky, otKa>Kemb, p -aji, imp oTKajKH
1. deny (a pleasure, etc)\ refuse (a request, etc); aib KOMy-ji. B qcM-Ji. deny smb smth; 2. 'col not work; nacoc OTKaaaji the pump wouldn't
work;
oneself
ce6e bo eceivi stint everything; eiviy HCJibsn oTKasaTb e Be^jiHBoCTH [ocTpoyMHH u m. n.]
in
ârb
fig
swer {when one is called); 2. respond {to an appeal,

OTKJlOHHTb
OTKJioHJflTb
See
etc).
there's no denying that he is polite [witty, etc]; He otKa^KHTC B jiK)6e3HOCTH be so kind {as to). 0TKa3bIB|aTbCJI [AtkaZfV9ttj9] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, 0TKa3|aTbc$i [AtkAzatts9] perf
OTKJIOHHTb.
imperf
-hk),
[AtklXn^ât^] -neiiib, otkjio-ib,
0TKa>KembCH, p imp oTKajKHCb, 0TKa>KHTecb 1. refuse,

OTKaJKycb,
-ajiCH,
-H deflect; 2. fig decline (a request, proposal, etc). otkoc [Atkos, -z] m.-a,-0B
1.
HJHTb [AtkUnît^] perf OTKJlOHHIUb, p -HJI, imp
-ajiacb,
slope {of a
<>
hill,
etc);
nycTHTb noA
derail.
decline, axbrepudiate; CH OT CBorix CJIOB eat one's words; go back on one's word; -aTbCH OT CBOefi nOAHHCH deny one's signature; OTKasaTbCJi Haoxpea refuse point-blank; 2. relinquish, give up;
~aTbCH OT npHTHSaHHH Ha... renounce one's claims to.,.; OTKaaaTbCH ot aojdkhocth resign one's post; âTbCJi ot 6opb6bi give up struggle. oTKjiaAbiBlaTb [Atkladivat''] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, oTJioKJHTb
[AtlAzhft''] otjio-y, perf jKHUib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. put / lay aside; 2. hoard, put by;
OTKpoBeHH|biJf [AtkrAv^^nnty] ashf oTKpoBeneH, -a, -o, -bi frank, outspoken, candid. 0TKpbiB|aTb [Atkrivaf*] //nOTKp|biTb perf -kK), -êiub, lAtkrtt^l perf ôio, -oeuib, p -biji, imp -6ft 1. open (a door window, etc); aTb HacTe>Kb open wide; 2. inaugurate {an
exhibition, monument, etc); open {a theatre, meeting, etc); 3. discover {a new land, deposit, etc); 4. let out, reveal {a secret); KOMy-ji. <> OTKpbiTb flyuiy open one's heart to smb. OTKpbiTH|e [Atkrttîys] n
1. opening (//le process inauguration- 2. discovery {scientific, geographical).
-fi,
-ft
put off, delay, oTJio>KHTb napTHK)

3.
postpone;
adjoum
of);
game
(of chess).
^277
OTKpMTlKa [Atkr+tks] /-kh, -OK postcard; picture postcard. OTKpbiT|biH [Atkrttty] a[pa]
sh f
^,
-a,
etc;
etc);
-o, -bi 1.
open
{1)
window,
3) car,
-hearted;
2) country, etc; 2. frank, open-
ôe <> ballot.
rojiocoBaHHe
open
OTKpblTb see OTKpblBaTb. OTKyna [Atkuda] adv \. inter where from; ^ bm npHexajiH? where do you come ^ sbi 3to SHaexe? from?; how do you (happen to) know diploma; it?; 2. rel from which; <> B ê <> ~ HH BosbMHcb col Sud- from...
-HJI, imp -H distinguish, tell {one from another). 0TJiH4|aTbC5i [AtlîchâttgaJ imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, otjiHH|HTbc$i [Atlîch**ittsa] perf -yCb, -HIUbCH, p -HJICH, -Hjiacb, imp -HCb, -Hiecb 1. {no perf) differ {from); 2. {no perf) be notable {for), be remarkable {for); 3. distinguish oneself {also ironically). OTJiMHHle [Atlîchîya] /I -H, -H 1. difkrence, distinction; 2. merit, distinguished services; AHnjioM c eM honours
ox...
as
distinct
denly.
OTKyncpHB|aTb [Atkuparî-
0XJIH4HXb see OXJIHMaXb. OXJlHHHXbC see OXJIHMaXb-
vat''] imperf -aro, -aeuib, ot- CH 3. oxjiHHH|biH [Atlîch^niy] a KynoplHTb [Atkuparît^] perf -K), -Huib, p -HJi, imp 'U unsh f oxjiMMeH, -a, -o, -bi 1.
cork.
oTKycbisaTb. OTKycbiB|aTb [Atkusivat^l imperf -aio, -aeiiib, axKycliiTb [Atkus^'it^] perf oTKymy, otKycHuib, p -vLJi, imp -h bite
see
off.
OTKycHTb
different {from); 2. excellent, perfect; ~oe Hacxpoenne high

spirits.
oxjiojKHXb see oxKjiaAUBaxb. oxMejijb [otmîP] / -H, -efi (sand-)bar, shallow, shoal.
OTJiefl
[AtPey] imp of
ot-
jiHTb; see oTjiHsaxb. OTJlHB [AtPif, -V]m -a, -OB ebb {also fig); ebb-tide. OTjiHRJaTb [Atlîvat^] im-aeujb, OTJi|HTb perf -aio, [AtPit^J perf oTojibK), oxojibeiub,
oxMeHHxb see oxMCHHXb. oxMeH|HXb [Atmî^nât^] imperf -hk), -Jieujb, oxMeHJl^xb

[jvtmî^nMt^] perf -ib, oxm^HHuib, p -HJI, /mp -H abolish, repeal, abrogate; cancel; reverse, disaffirm. oxMCXHXb see oxMenaxb. cxMexlK-a [Atmêtka] / -kh, -OK 1. mark, notch; 2. mark,
p
/
-HJI,
imp
2.
-efl
1.
pour
off
out (a certain quanr

found,
tity of cast in
some liquid); mould.
OTJiH4|aTb [Atl^'ich'aJ^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, OTJiHH|HTb (AtPichît^'J perl -y, -Hiub, p
grade {at school). [Atm^'i^chât^] oxMenlaxb imperf -aio, -aeiiib, oxMex|MXfa [Atm^'etît^] oxMe^y, perf -uiub, p -liJii imp -b 1. mark,
OTM
278
{by the wind, current); 3. attribute {to), ascribe {to); h He oxHomy sxy KHHry k mhcjiy
/
note; mark off {with a tick, marker, etc); 2. mention {favourably or unfavourably); it hto... cjieAveT OTMexHTb, should be noted that...; 3. mark, celebrate. [AtmAraOTMOpajKHBlaxb zhiv9t^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, [AtmArozît^j OTMoposiHTb perf 0TM0p6>Ky, -Hiiib, p -hji, imp -hi oTMoposHTb ce6eD;eKH [hoc u m. n.] get one's cheeks [nose, etc] frostbitten. OTHeCTH see OTHOCHTb. OTHeCTHCb see OXHOCHIbCH
1,
HHxepecHbix consider the
don't think
to
book
be
interesting. oxHoclHxbCfl
CH,
[AtnAsîttja]
imperf oxHomycb, oxHocHmb-
-HJicH, -HJiacb,
imp
-Hxecb,
oxHec|xMCb
-HCb, [Atnî^-
s^tîs^] perf -ycb,
-eiiibCH,
2.
oxHeccH, -jiacb, imp -HCb, -h{smb kindly, xecb 1. treat badly, etc); 2. regard {in a certain light); --HXbCH cepbe3Ho take seriously; KaK Bbi
OTHHMlaxb [Atnîmat^] im- oxHocHxecb K sxoMy? what do perf -aio, -aeiiib, OTHfl[|Tb [At- you think of it?; 3. {no perf) n^k\^\perf oTHHMy.orfiHMemb, concern, have to do {with); P OTHHJl, -Jia, OTHHJIO, OTHHJIH, 9X0 K jiejiy He oxhochxch it's imp OTHHMH 1. take (away) neither here nor there; sxo {smth from smb); 2. col sub- B OAHHaKOBOH MCpe OXHOCHXCH
tract; 3. col amputate; 4. take {time, energy, etc);
K...
4.
it applies equally to...; {no perf) date {from); axo
axb OT rpyAH wean {a <> baby); HCJibsn oTHMTb y Hero

[y Hce u m. d.\ ocTpoyMHH [cKpoMHOCTH u m. n.\ it can't be denied that he [she, etc]
is
OXHOCHXCH
KorAa...
witty [modest, etc]. OTHOCHTeinbHO [AtnASÎt^ll''-
K XOMy BpCMeHH, dates back to the time when... oxHoujeHH|e [AtnAshenîya] n -H, pi -H, -H 1. attitude {to smb, smth); 6e3AyuiHoe ~-e
it
na]
II
adv relatively; prep-with gen concerning,

I
callous attitude; 6=jiaro}KejiaxejibHoe ê good will; Jiio-
relative to, about. [AtnAS^lOTHOCHTeJIbHJblH tîl^'niy] a sh f oxHOCHxejieH -a, -0, -bi relative {position,
success, etc).
66BHoe ---e k A^Jiy enthusiasm about one's work; 2. pi relations; 6bIXb B XOpOUIHX ~HX be on good terms; 3. relation,
connexion;
<> B
4. (official) letter;
3X0M ~H i'n this respect; oxHoc|HXb [AtnASît^] im- no ~io K... in respect to... oxHHXb see oxHHMaxb. perf OXHOUiy, OXHOCHlUb, p -HJI, imp -H, oxHeclxH [Atri^'i^s^'tî] 0X0 see ox. oxo... see ox... P^^f -y, -euib, p oxHec, -jia, imp -H 1. take {smth someoxo6paxb see ox6Hpaxb. where on feat); 2. carry away oxo6bio [AtAb^'yul, oxo6beuib
279 --
OTn
leave a mark, imprint. [Atpîrat^] im-
[AtAb^yosh, -zh] 1st & 2nd persons of 0T6HTb; see ot6hBaxb. OTOBCibfly [AtAfsûdu] adv
~0K
oxnHp|axb
from everywhere, from every

quarter. OTOflBHrjaxb
[Atadvîgat^] imperf -ara, -aeuib, otoabhHJyTb [AtAdvînut^l perf -y,

-eiiib,
perf -aio, -aeiijb, oxnepjexb [Atpî^rêt^] oxonpy, perf oxonpeuib, p oxnep, -jia, 6xnepjio, oxnepJiH, imp oxonpH unlock; unbolt; open {a door,
etc).
-yji,
imp
2.
-b 1.
move/
push aside;
postpone,
fig col put off
oxnjiaxMxb see oxnjiaqHBaxb. [AtplachîoxnjiaHHBJaxb V9t^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, oxnjiaxlHxb [AtplAtît^] perf oxnjiaqy, oxnjiaxHuib, p -hji, imp -H pay back, repay. oxnop [Atpor] -a rebuff, repulse. "oxnpaBHxb see oxnpasjiHXb.
0T03BaTb
see
OTSbmaib.
OTosBaxbcsi see OTSbmaTb.cH.
OTOHTH see OTXOAHTb. OTOJlbK) [AtAl^yu], OTOJIbeiUb

[AtApyosh,
persons saTb.
-zh] 1st & 2nd of oTjiHTb; see otjihsee
oxnpaBHxbCii
JlHXbCH.
see
oxnpaB-
OTOMCTHTb
MCTHTb.
oxopaBjijaxb
OTonjieHHle [AtApPenîya] n -H heating {in a house, etc). OTonpH [AtAprî] imp of OTnepexb; see oinHpaxb. OTonpy lAtApru], OTonpeuib
imperf
-Hiiib,
-hhd,
[AtprAvlât^] -nemb, oxnpa-b
BJHXb [Atpravît^]
-HJI,
imp
perf -jik), send, dis-
patch.
oxnpaBji|flxbCfl
ttj9]
[AtAprMsh,
-zh]
1st
& 2nd
see
[AtprAvlâimperf -Hiocb, -HeiiibCH,
persons of oxnepeTb;
ot-
nHpaxb. OTOpBarb see OTpbieatb.

oTopBaxbCJi see oipbiBaxbCH. oxocjiaxb see oxcbijiaxb. oxnafllaxb [AtpAdat^] imperf -aex, oxnajcxb [Atpas^t^] perf -Aex, p '-ji 1. fall off / away; 2. become unnecessary, pass; Bonpoc ~aex the question no longer arises; Heo6xoAHMOcxb oxnajia there is no
[Atpravîttja] perf -jiiocb, -HiubCH, p -hjich, -Hciacb, imp -bCH, -bxecb set off / out, go {to a place); noHexcH b AecHXb the e3A train leaves at ten; - HXbCH noesAOM go by train.
oxnpaB|HxbCM
oxnpdsAHOBaxb
HOBaXb.
see
npasA-
need for it any longer. oxnepexb see oxnupaxb. oxneHax|oK [Atpî'^ch^'atak,

-g]
-a, oxnycK [otpusk, -zg] pi -a, -OB holiday, leave, leave of absence; no 6ojiesHH sick-leave; ACKpexHufi maternity leave. oxnycKJaxb [Atpuskat^] im-
-Ka, -kob imprint, impress {also fig); ~ok najibua finger-print; HaKJiaAbiBaxb
perf -aio, -aeuib, oxnycx|HXb oxnymy, [Atpus^tît^] perf oxnycxHuib, p -hjt, imp -h
OTp
1.
280
set
3.
let go, let off; release;
oxpeKlaxbCJi
[Atrî^kittsa]
free;
2.
slacken, loosen {one's

reins, etc);
grip,
a rope,
imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, ox[Atrêch^'sâ] pel Hbcn perf

-KyCb,
-MSlIIbCH,
grow
4.
{a beard, moustache, etc);
-KyxcH,
serve; issue {supplies from a warehouse); ~aTb cpe;iCTBa allocate funds {for construction, etc); <> --arb ccTpoTW col crack --aTb KOMnjiHMeHTbi jokes;
sell,
OTpeKCH, -KJifiCb, imp -KHCb, -KHTecb renounce {one's beliefs, a wicked son, etc); disown, repudiate; <> oxpeHbCfl ox npecxojia abdicate.
col
pay compliments.
oxpeMOHXHpoBaxb
see
pe-
[AtrAbati- MOHTHpOBaib. OTpaSaTbiBiaxb oxpeHbCfl see oxpeKaxbCH. vatî imperf -aio, -aeiiib, otoxpHuaHH|e [Atrîtsanîya] paôTJaTb [AtrAbotat''] perf -aio, -aemb 1. clear / repay by n -H 1. denial, negation; 2. working; work off {a debt); ling negation. 2. work {for a certain period); oxpHudxejibHlbiH [Atr'itjatîi^'niy] a sh f oxpHuaxejien, 3. {no imperf) col finish (one's work); 4. master {by practis- -a, -0, -bi 1. unfavourable {estimate^ opinion, etc); neging). orpaBHTb see oipaejiHTb. ative {answer, etc); 2. negaOTpasjilflTb [AtrAvlât^] im-
tive
3.
{character,
results, etc);
perf -HK), -nemb, [AtrAVît^] perf BHUJb, p -HJi, imp

{also fig).
oxpaelHTb
-jitb,
phys negative.
-H
orpapoison
oxpHujaxb [Atrîtjat^] im-aio, -aeuib deny, disclaim; âxb CBOK) BHHy 1) deny one's guilt; 2) law plead not guilty. oxpbiB|axb [Atrivaf] im-aw, -aemb, oxopB|axb perf [AtArvat**] perf -y, -euib, p
perf
oTpawlaxb [AtrAzhat^] imperf

-aio,
-aeiiib,
oxpaalHTb
[AtrAzît''] perf OTpa^^y, -Huib,
-HJi, imp -H 1. repulse, repel, parry; 2. reflect {1) light,
3)
heat, etc; 2) an image, etc; life, reality, etc). oxpacjijb [otras^l''] / -h, -eft
-aji,
-ajia, -^Jio,
-ajiH,
imp
-h
branch, field, sphere. oxpejtaKxMpoBaxb see peâKTHpOBaXb. oxpeaaxb see oxpeaaxb. oxpesl^xb [Atr^'i'^zat^] imperf -aio, -keuib, oxpeajaxb
[Atrêzat**]
tear off / away; 2. interrupt, disturb; oxopBaxb kofoji. ot smb from pa66xbi distract
1.
work,
[Atrivattsa] -aeuibCH, oxo[AtArvattja] pBlaxbCfl perf -ycb, -eujbCH, p -ajicH, -ajiacb, -ajiocb (-ajiocb), -ajiHCb (-a-Hxecb 1. JlHCb), imp -HCb, tear off, come off {of a butoxpbiB|axbcsi
imperf -aiocb,
perf orpewy,
-aji,
otcol
p6}Kemb, p
imp oxpe>Kb
off;
1. cut off, snip snub, cut short.
2.
ton,
etc);
take
off {of
281
[AtstrAnît^]
plane); 3. tear oneself away (from); lose touch {with); <> He aacb without stopping {work, etc).
HlHTb
-Huib,
per/
-ib,
aside; 2.
imp -H 1. push remove (from a post);

-HJi,
OTpbiB|oK
-Ka, 'KGB
[Atrtvsk,
-g]
fragment, extract,
suspend (from one's duties). OTCTynjaTb [Atstupat^j imperf -aio, -aeuib, 0TCTyn|HTb
[Atstup^'it^] perf
-jito,
passage, excerpt.
-a, OTpflA [Atr'at, -d] -OB detachment, unit. [Atsroch'iOTCpOMHBlaTb vat^l imperf -aw, -aeuib, ot-
HHuib,
-HJI,
imp
-H 1.
OTCTystep
cp6H|HTb[Atsr6ch*'it^] perf -y,

-Huib,
back, recoil; 2. mil retreat, fall back; 3. fig retreat; 4. deviate, depart (from the letter of the law, the truth
etc).
p -HJi, imp -b postpone, put off. OTCTalBaxb [AtstAvat^] im-K),
perf
-Baft,
-euib,
-eaji,
imp
OTCTalxb [Atstat^j
fall
-Hy, -Heuib, p -Ji, imp behind {also fig); be / lag (a certain distance) behind;
perf -Hb 1.
[Atstuplêmil retreat (also fig); oTpeaaTb ce6e nyxb burn one's boats; K - K) 2. departure (from the rules, etc); digression.
1.
oTCTynjieHHle nîya] n -h, -ft
He
Baxb
abreast
of
OT JKH3HH the times;
keep 2. be
OTcyTCTBHJe [Atsutst^v^'iya] -H absence; lack (of), want (of); 3a CM BpeMCHH for lack
{of a timepiece); 3. come / peel off {of wallpaper, paint, etc); 4. col leave / let alone.
slow
of time.
OTcyTCTBloBaTb
vat^]
-oBaji,
imperf
-yio,
oTCTaelKa [Atstafka] / -kh,

-OK resignation {from a post, B ~Ke retired {officer, etc); etc); yftiH b ~Ky resign
{one's post).
imp
-yfl
[Atsutstva-yeuib, p obe absent;
Baxb Ha co6paHHH [jickuhh u m. n.\ be absent from a
meeting [lecture,
etc].
OTCTaHB|aTb [Atstalvat^] imperf -aK), -aeiiib, 0TCT0|HT.b [AtstAyat^] perf -k>, -riiub, p -HJi defend, advocate, champion, uphold; aTbCBoe mhcHHC persist in one's opinion.
OTCbiJilaTb [Atstlat^] imperf -aK), -aeiiJb, 0T0CJi|aTb [AtAslat^l perf otouijik)/ oxOmjieuib, p -aji, imp oTouiJiH 1. send away / off; send back; 2. refer (a person to smb or smth for
aid, information, etc).
[Atstaliy] a backward, retarded; underdeveloped.

OTCT-ajibifi
OTcraTb
see
OTCTaBaib.
see
0TCH)jKSi[Aisûd9]adv\. from here; 2. hence (therefore). 0TTajiKHB|aTb [Attalkîvat*'] imperf -aip, -aemb, ottojik-
OTCTOflTb' see OTCXaHBaTb.
H|yTb
-euib,
[AttAlknut^l
perf
1.
-y,
OTcrpaHHTb
oTCTpaHlflTb
OTCxpaHHTb.
[AtstrAnât'l
-yji,
imp
-h
push
away;
nize.
2.
alienate,
antago-
imperf
-hio,
-neuib,
oicTpa-

-Ka, -KOB nuance,
fig)'
ZS2
to realize.
ottchIok [At^tênak, -g] m be aware of smth, realize shade (also smth; He OTAaBaxb ce6e â
fail
OTTenejijb [ot^t^'ipîl^] / -h,

eft
thaw, thawing. OTToro lAttAvo] adv that's
OTHeTJlHB|bIH [At^chôtlîviy] a sh f ^, -a, -o, -u distinct (articulation, etc).
why;
-- MTO because, since. orrajiKHsee oTTOjiKHyib
OTHHM
[ot'^ch'îm]
-a,
-ob
stepfather.
BaTb.
oTxoAJHTb [AtkhAd'ît^] imperf oTxo>Ky, oTxoAHUib, p -i5ji, imp -H, otoh|th [AtAytî] perf -fly, -Aeiub, p oTomeji,
OTouijia,
imp
away
train,
fall
off;
etc);
move -ah 1. leave, start {of a

depart (according
to schedule)', 2. mil
withdraw,
OTMHTarbCfl see oxMHTbiBaXbCH. oxHHxbiBlaxbcji [At^ch^'itivattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, OTMHx|axbcji [At^chîtattja] perf -aipcb, -aeiiibCH give an account (of), report (on). 0TmjiH4)0Baxb see iujih^k)Baxb.
OTi.... see ox....
-a, ox-besA [Atyest, -zd] -OB departure, going away. oxbicKaxb see oxb'iCKHBaxb.
back; 3. step aside; 4. fig deviate, digress [from a

subject, etc); 5.
off [of a fixture, fitting, etc); 6. col recover, come to oneself. 0Tx6A|bi [Atkhodi] pi -ob
[Attjof,
come
waste (material). oma [Attja], OTUOB

-v]
see oTeu.
OTHaHBJaTbcsi [At^châivaimperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, OTHa|flTbCJi [Af'châyattja]

ttja]
oxbicKHB|axb [Atlsk^'ivat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, oxbicK|axb [Atiskat^] perf oxbimy, oxbimeujb, p -2lj\, imp oxbimH find (discover by search); imperf also look for, search for.
c(|)Huep [Afîtser]
o4)Hi;HajibH|biA
-a,
-ob
(commissioned) officer.
[Afîtjtal^-
perf
-locb,
-eiiibCH,
-hjich,
-HJiacb despair (of); give
way
adv
niy]
-o,
to despair.
f o^wixaajieu, -a, -bi official; formal (call,
sh
oTHacTH
[At^châs^'t'î]
etc).
partly. OTHajiHH|e [At^châyanîya]
-a,
o(t)HUHaHX [Afîtjtant, -d] -OB waiter (at a restau'
-H despair (the state of). cTMajiTbcji see omaHBaxbCH.
rant, etc).
/ -KH,
OTHero
inter
[At*'ch''i^v6]
adv n
-a,
&
rel
why.
6THecTB|o [ot^ch^'istva] -a, ~ patronymic. OTMCT [At^ch^'ot, -d] m -OB account, report;
<^
o(j)HUHaHx|Ka [Afîtjtantka] -OK waitress. o(|)6pMHXb see o^ôpivijiHXb. [AfArmPat''] o4)opMJilHXb f'mper/ -HK), -HeiiJb, 0(J)6pM|HXb
[Aformît'']
perf
-H
-jik),
-Huib,
OTAaBaTb ce6e
-HJi,
imp
1.
put into
e hcm-ji.
shape, get up;
2. register of-
283
see
OMK
oHapoBdTb ficially, make official; o(|)6pMHTb Ha pa66Ty put on the Baxb.

staff.
oâpoBbi-
oxBaTHTb
see oXBaibiBaTb.
oxBaTbiBJaTb [Akhvativat^] imperf -aro, -aeiub, oxeaTlHTb [AkhvAt^'it^] oxBaqy, perf

oxBaTHiiib, p
-HJi,
0Hap6BbiB|axb [Achî^r6v4-aio, -aeiub, imperf 0Hap|0Baxb [AchîrAvat^l perf

vat^]
-yK),
-yft
-yeuib, p -oBaji, charm, fascinate.
imp
imp
-h
1.
envelop, embrace; 2. seize, grip {of feelings, etc); 3. include, embrace, cover. bi oxoTJa I [Akhota] / hunt, hunting, oxoTJa II [Akhota] I / -bi wish, inclination; I! impers predic col: ~a re-
[Achî^vîdîts, -ues .eyewitness. OMeBHjiHo [Achî^vîdna] pare/i/Zz obviously, apparently. oHCHb [och^m^] adv very; very much, greatly. OHepeAHloH [Achîrî^dnoy] a 1. next, next in turn; 2. usual, regular; oft njienyM
04eBM;ileu,
-dz]
-u,a,
6e THM aaHHMaxbCH? what regular plenary session. OHCpejlIb [ochîrît^, -d^j / makes you do it? oxoTHHK [Akhot^nîk, -g] -H, pi -H, -eft 1. turn {in m -a, -OB hunter, sportsman; doing smth. etc); --bsaBaMH it's your turn; 2. queue, line; trapper. oxoTHo [Akhotna] adv will- 6e3 ~K without queuing up; Ha H next (in turn); <> ingly. oxpaHJa [Akhrana] / -bi 1. B nepByio --b in the first guarding, protection; 2. guard place; no ~h in turn, one soldiers, norpa- after another. etc); (of oHepK [ochîrk, -g] m -a, KHMHaH a frontier guard.
oxpaHifltb [AkhrAnât''] imperf -HK), -Heiub guard, protect, safeguard.
-OB sketch, essay. OMepxaHH|e [Ach'î^rtanîya]
rt
-H, -H
oxpHnlHyxb
[Akhrîpnut*']
perf -Hy, -Heiiib, p imp -HH grow /get
-jia,
outline {of an object). OMHHMXb see qHHHXb I 2. OHMcxHxb see o^nmaxb.
hoarse.
OHHm axb
1
Achîsh^
perf
at*']
im-
oueHHB|aTb [Atjenîvat''] imperf -aio, -aeuib, oi;eH|MTb

[Atjt^nît^l perf
-ib,
perf
-Hiub, clear;
etc);
-aio,
-aeuib,
OHHcxiHXb
OHHiuy,
[Achîs^tMt*']
oueHHuib,
p
.2.
-Hji,
imp -h\. clean,
-HJi, imp -H 1. fix the price of; state the value of; estimate, evaluate; 2. appreciate, appraise. oueH|Ka [Atjenka] / -KH, -ok I. estimation, estimate; valuation; appraisal; 2. mark,
refine {alcohol, oil,
4.:
peel {an apple, etc); - axb TKeji-^jôK evacuate

3.
the stomach.
ohkIh [Ach^k^'i] pi -OB spectacles,
eye-glasses;
oHKJo
[Ach^ko]
goggles. -a, -6b
grade
{at school).
sport point;
OMH
<>
col
=
BTHparb
284
also
Û
KOMy-JI.
perf
make
mistake;
humbug smb.
[Ach^'nuttsa]
-euibCH, p -yjicH, imp -HCb, -Hxecb
be at
fault.
0MH|yTbcn
perf -ycb,
-yjiacb,
oiiiH6|Ka [Ashfpka] / -kh, -ok mistake, blunder; no Ke
by mistake.
ouiTpa(}}OBaTb Baxb.
see
come
to oneself, regain consciousness. OHyTJHTbCJl [Ach''utîtts9J
mTpa4)o-
ouiTyKaxypHTb
xypHXb.
see iiixyKa-
perf
OMyTHuibCH,
-hjich,
-HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hiecb find oneself (somewhere unexpectedly).
omyxHxb see omymaxb. omym|axb [Ash'':ush^:at^]

-aio, -aeiiib, imperf oiuyxlHXb [Ash'':utît^l pÂ-/ Oiny-
[Ashibattsa] imp'erf -aiocb, -aeuibcn, ouih6|HTbC5i [Ashibîttss] perf-ycb, -embCH, p oiuhSch, omH6jiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb
oiBH6|aTbcsi
my,
feel,
-Huib,
-HJi,
imp
-H
sense.
omymeHHle [Ash^:ush^:enîya] n -h, -h sensation {of

heat, joy, etc).
make mistakes, be mistaken;
n
naBHJibOH [pavîl^yon] m 2) of a fortress, etc); nacxb -OB pavilion (1) a light êpxBOH qero-ji. fall a victim building; 2) part of an ex- to smth. hibition or fair). nsLjiim [pAdêsh, -zh] m [pAvlîn] naBjiHH m -a, -a, -efi ling case. -OB peafowl, peacock. nafleHH|e [pAd'ênîya] n [padat^] imperf -H, -ft 1. falling, fall; 2. na^laxb -aemb, nacxb [pas^f^] drop (in prices, etc); 3.: mo-aio, perf naAy. naAemb, p naJi, pajibHoe ~e moral degradanajia, ynajcxb [upas^t''] perf tion; 4. downfall, fall (of a -AGiiib, '}xy, p -ji -jia, imp government, etc). naAeuib [pAdu], naAy -AH 1. fall (/) from a higher & 2nd 1st -zh] place; 2) from a standing [pAdôsh, position; 3) become lower or persons of nacxb; see naAaxb.
-a,
duty,
4) to come as one's lot, naAHCpHula [pat^'chîr^'itsa] share, etc); ynacxb / -bi, stepdaughter. naflKa, HaB3HHMb fall flat on one's nacK [pAyok, -g] back; 2. (no perf) fall (of pi naftKH, naftKOB ration (of snow, etc); 3. (nacxb) die,' food). perish (of cattle); 4. (no imna3 [pas, -z].m -a, pi -bi, -6b perf) (nacxb) fall (/; in battle; technol slot, groove.
less;

33
285
~eu thumb;
big
nam
toe;
naayxja Ipazukha] / -h, ~: --0H in one's bosom; aa

into one's
iiioH
~y
bosom.
6e3biMHHHbiH ~eu fourth finger; yKaaaxejibHbiH --eu

forefinger;
2.
nan, pi nan, portion to be contributed by smb)\ BCxynHlejibHUH initial shares. naHKa naHKoe [pAyka], [pAvkof. -v] see naeK. naKCT [pAkêt, -d] m -a, -OB 1. packet, parcel; 2. official letter {with the envenafi [pay]
technol
pin,
KJia-
nacB share
(a
cam,
finger;
<> eiviy
col
~bu,a e pox He
he is not to be trifled with; if you give him an inch he'll take an ell;
SHaxb
Hxo-Ji.
KaK CBOM nnxb

thor-
bu,eB
oughly,
HXO-JI.
col
know smth
have" smth at one's
lope);
<> HHAHBHAyajibHUH '^ -aid kit.

-dz]
first-
naKHCxaHleufpak^'istanîtj, m -ua, -ueB Pakistani. naKHCTaHCK'iHH [pak'istanskîy] a -an. -oe, -He Pakistani.
CMoxpexb wa CKBOsb -~bUbi wink at smth, connive at smth, turn a blind eye to smth; eu, o
finger-tips;
~eu
stir a
He
yjiapHXb
col
not
naKT Ipakt, -gd] -a, -ob pact; -~' o HeHanaAeHHH non-aggression pact; -- o BsanMonoMomH mutual assistance pact. naji [p^l], najia [pala] p o/ nacTb; see naâxb. najiarla [pAlata] / -bi, -{in a hospital); 1. ward 2. chamber, house {of a parlia-
finger {to do smth). najiJKa [palka] / -kh, -ok stick (/) a piece of wood; 2) for walking, etc); <> H3-nofl --KH col undex the lash(o/ dom^sm//i); BcxaBjiflxb KOMy-ji. KH B KOJieca col
put spokes
najiySja
in
smb's wheel.
/
-bi,
[paluba]
deck
a ship). najibM|a [p^l^'ma] / -h, -^

{of
palm(-tree);
<>
House of Commons; 3.: xoproBan ~a Chamber of Commerce.

ment,
etc);
~a 66mHH
nepBCHcxBa palm.
ycxyniixb Kowy-ji. yield smb
^y
the
najiaxJKa [pAlatka] / -kh, -OK 1. tent {a portable shelter); 2. stall, booth; npoAOBOjibcxBeHHan ~Ka food-stuffs stall.
najibxo [pAl^to] n indecl (over)coat. [pam''9t^nîk, naMîxHHK

-g]
-a,
-ob
monument; me-
morial {a stone, etc; both also fig); tombstone; nocxaBHXb
najidn [pAlach^,
-eft
-j*',]
-a,
set
up a monument;
cxa-h
2.
1. executioner, fig butcher.
hangman;
-dz]
pHHbi relics of the past. naM5ix|b [pamît^, -d^]

1.
n^jijei;
[palîtj,
memory
{the
-bua, -bueB 1 finger (o/ the hand); toe {of the foot); Cojih-
membering);
power of reMHe He ecJiH

if
nm^ni^T
memory
nan
doesn't fail
tion,
286 me;
1)
â
she
col she is not
2.
recollec-
oua eMy ne
his
is not good enough for him; 4. couple 2) by heart, by rote; no ~h of, one or two, a few; memory; from by heart; <> --a nycTHKOB col a mere Ha HbCH-ji. ~H within one's trifle, child's play; aea carecollection; no crapOH ~-h nora -a col they make by force of habit; 6e3 ~h a pair.
memory, remembrance;
equal;
<> Ha
~b
as a keepsake;
unconscious, in a faint; 6biTb 6e3 ~H OT Koro-Ji. col like smb immensely, be in raptures oversmb; be overhead and ears in love with smb. naHHKJa [panîka]/ -h panic, scare; b --e panic-stricks become en; BnaAaxb panic-stricken.
naparpa(j) [pAragraf, -v] -OB paragraph (a section of a book or the sign mark-a,
ing off such a section).
napaA
[pArat,
-d]
-a.
~y
ÔB parade (a procession); mil parade, review, march past; BOSAyiuHbifl fly-past; npH-
HHMaxb
[pansîon] m -a, 2. boarding-school; boarding-house; 3. board and lodging. nanja I [papa] m -bi, col dad(dy), papa. nanâ II [papa] m -bi, pope.
nancHOH
1.
-OB
take the salute. napajiH3|oBaTb [paraPizAvat''] perf & imperf -yip, -yeujb, paralyse p -OBaji
(also fig).
m ~ ^
napajiMH [parA.l^'ich^, -j^] -a paralysis; ero pasSHJi he is [was] paralysed. napajiJieji|b [parAPel^] /-h,
nanHpocja [papîrosa]
cigarette {with board mouthpiece).
/ -bi,
card-
nanJKa [papka] / -kh, -ok paper-case, attache case. nanopOTHHK [paparatnîk,

-g]
-bi,
-a,
I
nap
<>
-ob bot fern. -a (-y), [par]
-eii 1. math parallel; 2. geog parallel (of latitude). napajijiejibH|MH [parAlêl^nty] a sh f napajijiejien, -a, -o, -bi parallel. napauiiOTHCT [parashutîst, -zd] -a, -OB parachutist,
pi
full
parachute-jumper; paratrooper.
-OB steam (vapour); Ha Bcex ~ax col at
nap|eHb
[par^m^]
-hh,
speed.
-a, pi -bi, nap II [par] qepHbift fallow; ^gric -OB [qHCTbiH] -^ bare fallow. 1. pair nap|a [para] / -bi, (i )a set of two; 2) a thing of two parts); 2. pair, couple (husband and wife); cynpyyKe-
pi -HH, -Heft col fellow, lad, chap, guy.
AepHcaxb
[pArî] n indecl bet; bet, lay a bet. napMK [pArîk, -g] -a, -OB wig.
napH
napHKMaxep[parîkmakhîr]
m
ber,
-a,
-OB
hairdresser; bar-
CKafl
â
married couple;
3.;
287
napHKMaxepcKlasi makhîrskaya] /
[par'ik-oft,
napTHHHbiH
{attr);
nac
-hx
principles of the Party {said of literature, etc).
hair-dressing saloon, the hairdresser's; barber('s) shop. -a, -ob napK [park, -g]
park (a garden); paaSnTb ~ lay out a park; 2. fleet {of tractors, etc); stock {rolling, etc); 3. depot {for city trans1.
[pArtîyniy] a 6HJieT party (membership) card; c-besA party congress. napTH|fl [partîya] / -h, -ft 1. pol party; 2. group, detachment; 3. batch, lot,
party
port).
napJiaMCHT [pArlamînt, -d] m -a, -OB parliament; diet

{an assembly). napoBOs [parAVos, -z] -OB engine, locomotive -a, [on a railway). napoeloH [parAVoy] a steam; an MaiiiHHa steam-engine
consignment {of goods); 4. game, set 5. mus part; lo

;
HcnojiHêx Bhkxop CeMepHXHH at the piano (is) Victor Semerikhin.

poHjiH
napxopr
-a,
[pArtork,
-g]
-oB (=napxHftHbift opraHHsaxop) Party organizer.
napxopraHHsauHlfl
Arganîzatjiya]
/
[part-h,
-ft
{stationary);
ing.
oe OTonjieHHe
central heat-
steam heating;
nap6ji|b [pArol^]
m m
-h,
-eft
password,
tersign.
watchword
coun-a,
(=napxHftHa5i opraHHsai^Hsi) Party organization. napyc [parus, -z] m -a, pi -a, -OB sail {on a ship); no^-
HHXb
-ob
<>
hoist
sail
[also
napoM [pArom]
ferry(-boat).
see <>];
Ha Bcex
~ax
in full sail,
[parAkhot, -d] m with all sails set; noAHqxb a set sail. -a, -OB steamer, (steam)ship; nacMypH|biH (steam)boat. [pasmurniy] element of a sh f nacMypen, -a, -o, -m napT... first pertaining compounds to 1. dull, cloudy; overcast; 2. party' {mostly the Commu- fig sullen, gloomy.
napoxoA
Party of the S. U.): napx6HJieT [pardbîlêt, -d] party (membership) card. -a theat napxep [pArter]
nist
nacnopx
-a,
pi
-a,
[paspart, -d] -OB 1, passport
pit;
stalls.
napTHsan [partîzan]
-a,
-OB guerilla, partisan. [pArtîynapTHHHocTlb nas^t^, -z^d^] / -h 1. party party memberaffiliation, ship; 2. party spirit, party principle; fidelity to the
{an identity card); 2. certificate {of a machine, etc). nacca)KHp [pasAzhtr] -a, -OB passenger {of a train, etc). naccHBH|biH [pAs^sîvniy] a sh f naccHBen, -a, -o, -w passive {inactive). nacxSHmje [paz^bîsh^:a] n -a, ~ pasture, grazing land.
naclxH
[pAS^'tîJ
imperf
-y.
nac
-eiiib,
288
~,
-jia,
imp
-h
jia
shepherd, graze, pasture,
terfd.
off
nacJTMCb
[pAs^tîs*']
imperf
smell {1} of smth; 2) give an odour); --ex rapbio there is a smell of burning.
-eicH, p naccH, -Jiacb browse, graze, 'pasture. nacTyx [pAstukh-, -gh] US cow-a, -OB herdsman; -boy; shepherd.
nauHCHT
-a,
[patjient, -OB patient.
-d]
nanlKa
-CK bundle
cel.
[pach^ka]
{of
-kh,
etc),
letters,
packet, package, pack,
par-
nacTb nacT|b
-H, -eft
see
II
naâxb
{of
1, 3, 4.
Ipas'^t'*,
-z^d^] /
nanKJaTb
[pach^kat'*]
im-
mouth
an animal).
nacx|a [paskha] -h / Easter. nacbiH|oK [pasinak, -g] m -Ka, -KOB stepson.
nareHToeaHHlbiH [patî^ntovannty] a [pa] patent {pills, etc); ~oe cpeAcreo patent medicine.
naTe(j)6H
perf -aK), -aeiub, aajnaHKarb [zApach^kat^] perf, MClnanKaxb [ispach^'kat^] perf soil, dirty; stain {the cloih with wine, etc); <> --axb Hbio-Ji. penyxauHK) smear smb's reputation, stain
smb's good name.

see naxaxb. [pashn^'a] / -hh, -en arable land. nauixex [pAshtêt, -d] -a, -OB pate. nauiy [pAshu], naiueiiib [pashash, -zh] see naxaxb.
naujH [pAshf]
[patî^fon]
m
-d]
-a,
nam|Hn
-OB
-a,
gramophone. narpHOT [patr^'iot,

-OB patriot,
-a
naTpH0TH3M [patrîAtîzm]
m
1.
patriotism.
m -a, -ob nanxb imperf [pAyat^l mil cartridge; round {of na^K), nanemb solder {metal ammunition); 2. electr lamp- parts, etc). -socket, lamp-holder; 3. techneejeu [pî^vêts, -dz] m nol chuck. -ua, -uoB singer. naxpyjilb [pAtruP] m -h, neAaror [p''idAg6k, -g] m
narpoH [pAtron]
patrol {of soldiers, etc). nays] a [pauza] / -bi, pause, interval. nayK [pauk, -g] -a, -6b spider {an animal). nayTHHJa [paufîna] / -bi
-eft
-a, -OB teacher, educationist.
instructor;
[p^'ey] see nnxb. neH3a)K [pî^yzash, -zh] -a, -eft landscape, view,
nefi
neK
la]
[p^'ok, -g], neKjia [p^'i^k-
cobweb, web {also fig). nax|aTb [pAktiat^] imperf nauiy, fiamemb, p -aji, imp
nauiH, Bcinaxarb [fspAkhat**] perf plough, till. naxHjyTb [pakhnut**] imperf nax-y, -euib, p nax (-yji),
see
ê^b
I.
(p*'i^karn*'a] neKap|Hfl / -HH, -CH bakery, bakehouse.
ncKH ncKy
neji
[p'î^k^'i]
see
[p''i^kul see
[p^'el],
ne^h nenb I.
I.
nejia [p**ela] see
nexb.
289
nejieHJaxb [p^'iPi^nat''] itnperf -aio, -aeuib, cinejieHaxb
[s^pîPi*^nat^l (a baby).
nepBHHH|biH
1.
nep
[pî^rvîch**-o,
2. lo-
nty] a sh f nepBHên, -a,

-bi
perf swaddle
[p^'i^l^mên^'il
primary; initial;
nejibMeHJH
pi
-eft
cal {party or organization).
trade-union
(s/rtg"
nejibMen b
I
-h)
man); primeval. nepBOHaHajibH|ufi [p^'irvasuds; cHHMaTb ~y skim off nAchâl^niy] a initial, original; ~oe HaKonjieHHe Kann(the) scum; ofi y pra furiously, Tajia primary accumulation <0 c passionately, foaming at the of capital. nepBocTeneHHbiH mouth. [pîrvaneHH|e [p^'eriîya] n -h sing- stî^pênniy] a paramount {importance, etc). ing. nepBJbift [pêrviy] I num n^HJKa [p*6nka] / -kh, -ok ord & a 1. first; bift HOMep skin {on milk). hh axajK ncHCHOHep [p^m^sîAn**er] number one; m -a, -OB pensioner, old-age ground floor; US first floor; ~oe MHCJio the first of {May, pensioner. neHCHJfl [pên^sîys] / -h, etc); '-biH qac past twelve -H pension; ~h no HHsajiHA- (o'clock); B ~0M Macy after HOCTH disability pension; h twelve; oh ymeji -~-biM he no CTapocTH old-age pension; was the first to leave; ~aH Ha K) retire on a cTpaHHua raaexbi the front yfiiH page of a newspaper; 2. pension. ncHb [pên^] m hhh, pi prime {necessity, etc); first, RHH, nneft, hhhm stump, stub best; n as a noun 1. n ep bImh {of a tree); stand m -oro, -bix the former; the <> CTonxb KaK col n -oro, like a stone image. first; 2. nep B|oe nenjeji [p'êpîl] m *jia ash, -bix first course {of a meal); ashes {dust); 3.: nojioBHHa ~oro half past <> o6paTHTb B ~eji reduce to twelve; HeTBepTb oro quar-
pelmeni {meat dumplings). neH|a [p^'ena] / -bi foam, spume, froth, scum'; (soap-)
nepBo6biTHbiH [pîrvAbftniy] a primitive {society,
ashes.
ter
[pêp**il^n''i-
past
twelve;.
AsaAuaTb
neneJibHHu|a
tsa] /
~ ash-tray. -bi, past twelve; rpH MereepTH nepBeHCTB|o [pêrv*'mstva] oro a quarter to one; n -a spor^ championship; ~o <> 06 BpcMJi at first; RepcTpaHbi no (|)yT66jiy national Boe MaH May Day; aw nofootball championship; 3a- MOLUb first aid; He oii cbcBocBaib ~o win a champion- JKCCTH not quite fresh. ship, take first place. nepe... pref of verbs denoU
MHHyT ~oro twenty minutes
nep
ing
I.
290
-HJi,
an
action
to
directed
[p^'ir^'i^bît^J
from one place over from one side over

or across smth:
[p^'ir^'ibî^zhat^]
another, to another,
imp
-efl
perf -bK>,-heuih, 1, kill, slaugh-
{the
street,
etc),
nepe6e>KaTb run across nepececTb
ter {everybody or many); 2. break {everything or much);

3.
break,
fracture
{mostly
[pîr^'i^sêsMb]
change one's
another seat);
seat,
move
(to
into two, as a limb, stick, etc); 4. interrupt {smb, a speech)
exchange seat^; 2. repetition of an action anew or in a way: nepecipoHTb different

[pîrî^stroit'']
1)
iiepeSHplaxb [pîr^'ibîrat^] -aeuib, nepe|-an), imperf Spaxb [p^'irî^brat^] perf -6epy, -Sepeiub, p -6paji, -6pajia, 6pajio, -6pajiH, imp -6epH 1. sort out; look through / over; call to mind; 2. fig recall,
reconstruct; nepeAejiaTb
2)
rebuild; reorganize;
alter;
[pîrî^d'êlat^j
anew; change, 3. an action carried to or a negative result: [p'îr^'i^zrêt^] spexb overripe; nepexeajiHTb
do
excess
bring up,
touch
in one's
nepe[pî-
conversation);
axb
see
upon {in a e nawHXH
grow turn over
nepe6Hxb
-eB
1.
mind. nepe6HBaxb.
r^'fkhvAlît^] overpraise; 4, the fact that the doer of the action has got the upper hand,
nepe6o|H [p^'irî^boy]
-h,
has
outdone
5.
smb:
nepecnooutafter
irregularity {of supply); interruption, stoppage {in work); 2. med intermission,
pHTb
-argue;
at
[p**ir''i^sp6r''it'']
an action directed
objects,
many
one
perf
nepeSopjoxb [p^'irîbArot'*] -K), nepe66pemb, p -oji,
another:
chîtat*']
nepeqHTaxb
[p^'irî-
read {all the books); nepejioBHTb [pîrîlAV^'it''] catch {all the birds); a one-time action or an 6. action short duration: of
imp -H overcome (a feeling or state); oxb ce6H master oneself. nepe6pacbiBJaxb[p*'ir'*i^br5sivat**] imperf -aio, -aeuib, ne-
[p''ir'*ibr6s''it**] pe6p6|cHXb -CHUJb, nepeKypHTb [pîr^'ikurît^] perf -my, p -chji, have a smoke; nepeKycHib imp -cb 1. throw (over), fling [pîr^'ikus^'it''] have a bite; (over); 2. transfer, move. nepe6paxb see nepe6Hpaxb. 7. a reciprocal action: nepenepeSpocHxb see nepe6panHCbiBaTbCH [p^'ir^'i^pîsiva-
ttj8]
correspond {with write to each other;
smb); nepe-
CblBaXb.
nepeeapHBlaxb
r^'ivatî
[p'*ir*'i^va-
rjiHAbiBaTbCH [p^'ir^'i^Ql^'adlvattsa] exchange glances, look afone another.
nepe6HB|aTb [p'*ir''ib'*ivat^] imperf -aio, -SiQiiib, nepe6[HTb
imperf -aio, -aeuib, [p'îr^'iVAr'ît''] nepeeapliixb perf -K), nepeBapHuib, p -h;i, imp -H 1. cook anew again, boil anew /again; 2. overdo,
/
291
nep
-OB
spoil by overdoing; 3. digest (food); 4. fig col stand,
bear {in neg sentences). nepeeesTH see nepeBOSHib. nepeeepHyTb see nepesepTbisaTb.
nepeBepHyxbCfl
BepTblBaTbCH.
see
nepe-
vôrtivat^]
-aeiub,
[pîrî^nepeBepTbiBJaxb -aro, imperf
1. transference, transtranslation {into another language); interpretation (oral translation); 3. remittance {of money); postal order, money order. nepesojiJHTb [pîrîvAdît^] nepeBoimperf nepeBOJKy, aHiiJb, p -HJI, imp -H, nepeBe[cTH [pîr^'ivî^s^tî] perf
-a,
fer; 2.
nepeeepHJyTb
perf
-y,
[pîfî-eiub,
-Ay,
-Aeuib,
1.
v'î^rnut^l
imp -AH
p nepeseji, -Jia, take, lead {smb
imp -H 1. turn over across the street, etc); 2.: ~HTb -yji, {move so that the other side crpejiKy âcoB BnepeA [naup; cause to roll over); 3aA] put a watch [a clock] is over, forward [back]; HTbCipejiKy upset, turn col 2.
knock over; 3. fig col trans- rly switch, shunt; 3. move, {to transfer another post, form, change thoroughly.
vôrttvattsa]
nepeBepTbiBJaTbCH [pîrîîmperf -aiocb,
-aembC5i,nepeBepH|yTbCfl [pî-ycb, r'îvî^rnuttja] perf -yjiacb. -eiubCH, p -yjicH,
another school, a higher or lower grade, another town, etc); pass {a student to another
imp -HCb, -Hiecb turn over (change one's position by rolling over); --aTbCH c 66Ky Ha 6oK turn from side to side.
nepCBec [pîrî^vês, -z] m -a preponderance; MHCJieHHbiH ^ numerical superiority. nepcBecHTb see nepeBeuiHBaTb.
translate [into interpret {translate orally); 5. remit, remit by post {money, etc); 6. convert {measures, etc);
course);
4.
another language);
<>
nepeBccTH
Ayx/AwxaHHc
take breath; He without pausing
h AUxanHH
for
breath.
nepcBOAHHK
[p^'irî^vot^-
nepcBecTH
shivat'']
see
nepeBOAHTb.
[pîrî^vê-
chîk, -g] m -a, -ob translator; interpreter {one who translates orally).
nepeBemHB|aTb
imperf -aio. -aeuib, nepeBeclHTb [pîrî'^v^'esît*'] perf nepeBemy, -Hiub, p -hji,
nepcBOslHTb [pîrîVAZît^] nepCBOimperf nepeBO>Ky, 3Hmb, p -HJI, imp -H, nepeBcalxH [pîrîv'î'^s^tî] perf
1. hang somewhere -y^ -euib, p nepCBes, -Jia, move from one place imp -H 1. put, take {across and hang in another [some- a river, etc, in a boat, etc); where, etc]; 2. weigh anew/ 2. transport; carry, take {by
imp
-b
else;
3. outbalance, overbalance, outweigh {also fig). nepeeofl [pîrî^vot, -dj
again;
vehicle,
from
one
place
to
another).
nepeB63[Ka
[pîrî^voskaj /
nep
292
drive place to another; 2. outdistance, outstrip, outspeed, leave behind {also fig); outrun; outwalk; 3. technol, chem distil; sublimate.
etc)
-KH, -OK transportation, conveyance; MopcKHe ~KH sea shipping.
somewhere
else;
{cattle, etc)
from one
nepcBOpOT [pîrîVAFot,
al (a complete
-d]
m-a,-OB revolution, uplieavHbiH

ri]
change); bochmilitary coup d'etat.

[p^'ir^'i^viba-
nepeBM6op|u
neperopoAJKa
ka]
/
[p^'ir^'igArdt-
pi -OB (re-)election.
see
-KH,
-OK
partition {a
nepcBbinojiHHTb
BbinOJlHHTb.
nepe-
wall).
nepeBwnojiHlflTb
[p^'irîvi;-
pAlnât''] imperf -hk), -Heuib,

[p'îrî^vlnepeBbinojiHlHTb p9ln''it^] perf -lo, -Huib, p
-Hji,
neperpy>K|axb [pîr^'igruimperf -aio, -aeiiib, neperpysJHxb [pîr^'igruzît'^j neperpyperf neperpy>Ky,

zhat^]
3HUIb (-HUIb), p -HJI, imp -H 1. overload, surcharge; 2. fig
imp
-H
overfulfil,
ex-
ceed {the plan, etc). nepeBJi3aTb see nepesHabiBaTb.
overwork; overburden.
nepeA
denoting
of;
[pêr^'it,
-d],
nepcAO
instr
[p'êrîda]
1.
prep
with
nepeB3biB|aTb [p''ir*'i^v''aztvat''] imperf -aeuib, -aio,

[pîrîv^'i^zat^j nepeBJilaaxb -my, nepeBHjKeiiib, p perf
-3aji,
position in
front
imp
-JKH
1.
bandage,
dress (a wound); 2. tie (up), cord (up) (a parcel, etc).
neperH6|aTb [pîrîg^'ibat^] -aemb, nepe-aio, imperf FHlyxb [p^'irî^gnut''] perf-y, -euib, p -yji, imp -h 1. fold {paper, etc, in two); 2. bend (over), bend too much; <0> -âxb najiKy col go too far; run into extremes. nepepHarb see neperoHHXb nepernyxb see neperH6axb.
MaiiiHHa ocxanoBHJiacb -' car stopped before / in front of the house; npHMO n^pcAo MHOH peKa there's a river straight in front of me; 9thm cjiobom Hex 3aHHxoH there is no comma before this word; 2, precedence in time; qHxaxb chom read before going to bed; ^ xeM, KaK before; -- xeM, KaK noHXH B KHHo before going to the cinema; the rela3. tion of an action to a certain person or object; HSBHHHXbCH
AOMOM the
~
He
KCM-Ji.
apologize
neperoBopIbi [p'*ir**igAv6ri] pi -OB negotiations talks. neperoHJflXb [p*'ir''igAn''at*'] imperf -^k), -neuib, nepe[p''ir*'i^gnat''] THJaxb perf neperoHHUJb, p neperoHK),
-aj?,
oxcxynaxb
to smb; xpyAHocxH-
MH boldly
face
difficulties;
npeKJiGHHXbCH ~ KCM-Ji. WornpeKjioHCHHe ~' ship smb; KCM-ji. worship for smb.
-ajia,
-ajio,
1.
-ajiH,
imp
neperoHH
drive
{cattle.
nepeAaJBdxb [p''ir''idAvat'*l imperf -k), -eiiib, p -saji, imp -BaH, nepcAJaTb lp''ir''i^dat'*]
293
perf -m, -aiiib, -act, -bahm, nepeAa.i, -aAHxe, -aAyT, p nepeAajiH, -ajia, nepeAajio, imp -aid 1. pass (over), pass on, transmit {to smb), turn over {to smb), give {over to smb), hand {to smb); transfer, hand over {to smb); 2. tell, communicate; nepeAaftxe eMy
to
nep
another;
place
Hyxb cxpejiKy
nepeABHqacoB BnepeA
[HasaAl put a watcTi [a clock]
on / forward [back]; 2. col postpone. nepeABH^KCHHle [pîrîdvîzhenîya] n -h, -h movement, moving; cpeACXBa h means communication / conveyof
ance.
my
npHBCT remember me to him; love / best regards to him;
nepeABHHyxb
raxb.
see
nepcABH-
6jiaroAapHOCTb koMy-Ji. give one's thanks to smb; 3. reproduce {what was said, etc); 4.: Baxb no pabroadcast; transmit; AHp '-BaTb no xejieBHAeHHK) televise; show on TV; 5.: nepeAaxb ACJio B cyA bring the case before the law; nepeAaxb saKOHonpoeKX b komhc.
~BaTb
nepcAHlHii
[pî'^rêd^nîy]
front;
He
forefeet;
K0He4HocxH
forelegs,
~hh
njian
foreground;
<C>
~HH
Kpafl (oSopoHbi) mil
CHK) refer a bill
to
com-
resistance. [pî^rêd'^nîk, -a, -OB apron; pinafore. -g] nepcAHlflJi [pî^rêd'^'nâya] / -efl, -Hx ante-room, hall.
main line of nepcAHHK
mittee.
nepeAaxMHK
chîk, -g] transmitter.
[pîrî^dat''-a,
-ob (radio)
nepCAO see nepcA. [pîrîdAV^'ik, nepcAOBHK -g] m -a, -6b: ~h npoHSBOAcxBa shock-workers, front-rank workers; foremost people in industry; ~h cejibCKOro xosHHCXBa front-rank collective farmers, foremost people in agriculture. nepcAoeloH [pîrîdiwoy] a 1. foremost, forward, advanced, leading; -oh oxpHA mil
nepcAaxb see nepcAaBaxb. nepeAanja [pîrî^dach^9] /

1. transmission, passing (over); transfer, handing 2. broadcast over; (pro-
-H,
gramme); TV programme; bca y riexpoB your narrator was Petrov; nporpaMMa

radio
{for
etc);
schedule;
3.
parcel
advanced detachment;
vanced; progressive;
2.
a patient
4.
in
technol
hospital, gear, drive,
transmission.
gatî
nepeABHr|axb [pîrîdvî-aeiUb, imperf -aio, nepeABMH|yxb [p^'irî^dvinut''] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp enterprises; -b 1. move, shift; move <> ^ka cxaxbH somewhere, move from one ticle, editorial.
vanguard; bie jiioah progressive-minded people; foremost people; ~aH xexHHKa up-to-date machinery; bie npeAnpHHXHH foremost
~6h
adox-
pHA
leading
ar-
nep
294
nepeayiviaTb see nepeAyMbiBaTb. nepeflyMbiBJaTb fpîrî^du-
miv9t^]
imperf
-aio,
-aeiub,
nepejiyMJaTb [pîr'î^dumat^j perf -aio, -aemb change one's mind, think better of. nepeAbiiu|Ka [pîrî^dtshka] -CK breathing-space, / -KH, respite: He Aaeaji hh MHHyibi ' KH without a moment's respite. nepee3fl[pîr*'i^yest, -zd]
-a,
KanHTajiH3Ma b coanaHHH Jiiothe survivals / relics of capitalism in people's minds. nepejKHTb see nepejKHBaTb. nepesHMOBaxb see SHMOBaxb. nepeHsSHpjarb [pîrîizbîrat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, nepeH36|paTb [pîrîizbfat^] perf
Aeft
-epy,
-epri
-epeuib,
re-elect.
-paji,
imp
nepe-
nepeHMCHOBaTb
HMeHOBblBaXb.
see
-OB
1.
flat, etc);
of); 3.
removal {to a new 2. passage {the act

{the
nepeHMeHOBbiBJaxb [pîrîimperf -aio, -aeuib, nepeHMeH|oBaxb [pîimî^novtvat^]

rîim^'inAvat^l -yio, p^rf -yeuib, p -oBaJi, imp -yft rename, give a new name.
crossing
act
of);
(level)
crossing;
highway
[pîrîyi^-
crossing.
nepeesjKlajb zhât^] imperf
-aio,
-aeiub,
nepefixH see nepexoAHTb. nepcKjiaAbiBJaxb [pîrî^kladtvat**]
nepeexjarb
[pîr^'i^yekhat^]
imperf
-aio,
-aeiub,
perf nepee^y, nepeeAeiob, p -aji 1. cross {a bridge, river,

etc,
nepejiGJKJHxb [pîrîUzhft''] perf -y, nepejiojKHuib, p -hji,
by
vehicle);
{to
2.
move,
re-
imp
move
3.
a new flat, etc); run over {a person in the
street).
put / place sometake from one place and put / place in another; 2. interlay {with); 3. shift
-H
1.
where
else;
nepe)KHBaHH|e [pîrîzhivanîya] n -n, pi -h, -h {mosttroubles; ly pi) sufferings, emotional experifeelings, ences. nepeKHBJaxb [pîrîzhivat^] nepeimperf -aio, -aeuib,
}K|HTb[pîr''i^zhit^] per/-HBy, -Heeuib, p -HJi, imp -hbh
1.
(off)
{the responsibility, etc).

[pîr^'i^^krô-g]
nepeKpecxjoK
stak,
-Ka, -kob cross-
-road, crossing.
nepeKpbiBJaxb
[pîrîkrt-
vat^] imperf -ara, -aeiiib, nepcKplbixb Ipîr^'i^krft''] perf

-OK),
1.
-oeuib, re-cover;
-biji,
imp
-.oh
2.
col
experience,
feel
go
through;
suffer, endure;
MTO-ji.
fer
2.
TH>Keji6
~aTb
suf-
etc); 3. {a plan, shut off; block {a road),
exceed stop up,
dam
smth keenly;
{a river).
greatly because of smth; outlive, survive {smb,smth).
nepe>KHT|oK
-g]
[pîr^'i^zhltak,
nepejiex [pîr^'i^lôt, -d] -OB 1. flight {of aircraft, a long one or over smth); 2.
-a,
remnant, -Ka, -kob vestige; survival, relic; ~kh
(trans)migration {of birds); 3. shot over the target.
295
nepejiexjaTb [pîrîlî^tat^]
nep
imperf -aio, -aeiub, nepejiejTexb [pîrîlî^têt^] perf -^y,

-THiub,
shivat'']
nepeMeiiiHBlaTb[pîrî^mêimperf -aio, -aemb,
-TCJi,
imp -TH
2.
1.
fly
perf
nepeMeui|aTb [pîrîm'î^shat^j -aeuib -aio, intermix,
(over, acros'i);
fly
where
else;
fly
somefrom one
mix
(up),
intermingle.
place to another. nepejiHB|aTb [pîrîPivaf']
imperf
-aio, -aeiUb,
nepejilHXb
jpbjj-hjepj^bj
pQj.1 .j^j5^ -beiUb,
-HJi, -HJia,
1.
-Hjio, -HJiH,
imp
nepeMUpH|e [p^'irî^m^'irîya] n -h armistice, truce. nepenecTH see nepeHocHTb. nepeHOc|HTb [p^'ir'^mAsît^] imperf nepenouiy, nepenoCHiiib, p -HJI, imp -H, nepe-
pour somewhere else; Hec|TH [pîr^mî^s^tî] perf pour from one vessel into -y, -eiub, p nepenec, -Jia, another; 2.: -axb KpoBb med imp -H 1. carry somewhere
-eft
take somewhere else, from one place to carry see nepeKjia- another; transfer somewhere ;;biBaTb. else {change the seat of, etc), nepejioM [pîrî^lom] m -a, transfer from one place to ~-HTb oroHb mil -OB 1. break, fracture {of a another, bone, etc); 2. //^crisis {of an shift /lift fire; 2. put off, illness); turning-point; great postpone; adjourn {a meeting); change; AO^HTbCH KopcHHoro 3. endure, bear, stand; h hc '-a bring about a fundamen- nepeHomy SToro I can't stand/ tal change/ improvement, bear it. nepeMeHJa [pîrî^mênaj / nepCHOCHula [pîr^'i^nosîbridge of the -w, -- 1. changing, change; tsa] / -bi, 2. change, alteration; 3. innose. terval, break, recess {between nepeHOCHbiif [pîrî^nosnty] lessons). a 1. portable; 2. figurative nepeMeHHTb see nepeMCHHTb. {of meaning). [pîrînanepeMeH|HTbC5i [pîr^'imî^nepeH04|eBaTb n^'ittja] perf -ibcb, nepcMe- ch^'i^vat^l perf -yio, -yeuib, HHuibCH, p -HjicH, -HJiacb, imp p -cBaji, imp -yft spend / sleep -HCb, -HTecb change {become the night {somewhere). nepeofleB|iTb [pîrîAdîdifferent). nepeMeHJflTb [pîr'Tmî^- vat*'] imperf -aio, -aemb, nenât''] imperf -aio, -Heuib, peoAe|Tb [pîrîAdêt^] perf nepeMeHJHTb (pîrîmî^nît''] -Hy -Hemb, p -Ji, imp -Hb clothes; perf -K>, nepCMeHHiub, p -hji, 1. change (smb's) {smb); 3. col imp -H change {1) replace; 2. disguise change {one's coat, etc). 2) make different). nepeMeuiarb see nepeMeuiHnepeoACB axbCH [pîr'îAdî^paxb. vattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibtransfuse blood;
flow. nepejiOJKHTb
3. let
over-
else,
nep
CH, nepeofleJTbCfl
ttsa]
296
[pîrîAdê-
perf -Hycb, -HeuibCH, p -JlCH.-JiaCb, /mp -HbCH, -HbTeCb

1.
2.
change (one's clothes); dress up; disguise oneself.

nepeoACTb
see
nepeofleTbCJi
see
nepeoAeeaTb. nepeoAe-
BaibCH. nepeou,eHHB|aTb [pîrîAtsenîvat''] imperf -aio, -aeiub,
penjielcTH [pîrîplî^s^tî] perf -ly, -leujb, p nepenjieji, -jia, imp -TH 1. bind (a book, etc); have (a book, etc) bound; 2. interknit, interlace. nepenojiHHTb see nepenoJiHHTb. [pîrîpAlnepenojiHJMT.b
nât'*]
imperf
-hk),
-neiub,
nepeoueHJHTb
nît*']
[p''ir^;Atsi^-
nepenojiHlHTb nît^] perf -k),
[p^'irî^pol-Hiiib,
perf
-k),
nepeoueHHiub,
revalue, 1. over-estimate,
imp
2.
-H
1.
overfill;
(of
p -hji, overcrowd;
-HJi,
imp
2.
-H
fig
fill
a feeling).
[p'îrîpAlokh,
reappraise; overrate.
Baib.
nepenojiox
-gh]
-a
nepenHcaxb
see
nepenHCbi-
alarm;
alarm";
commotion, flurry, noAHHTb raise an

to
give rise
commo-
nepenHCbiBJaxb [pîrî^pî-aemb, sivaf^l imperf -aK), [pîrîpîsaf*] nepenH|caTb nepenHuieuib, p perf -my,
-caji,
tion.
praizvotjtva] duction.
nepenpoHSBOACTBJo [pîrîn -a over-pro-
-iiiH 1. rewrite; nepenyrarb see nepenyxbihave smth (re)typed; Baxb. âib HaqHCTo write out fair; nepenyxbiBlaib [p'^'irî^pumake a clean copy of; ttvat^] imperf -aio, -aeujb, [p^'irî^putat''] 2. copy {make a written copy nepenyxjaTb perf -aK), -aemb 1. entangle, of); 3. make a list of.
imp
(re)type;
nepenHCbiB|aTbC5i
[pîrî*-'-
pîsivattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeujbCH correspond (with smb)\ write to each other.
tangle (threads, etc); 2. mix (up), confuse, muddle up. nepepeaaxb see nepepeaaxb.
n6penHc|b
/ -H
[pêrîp^'is^,
-z'']
census.
nepenjiecTH see nepenJieTaxb, nepenjiex [pîr^'i^pPot, -d] m -a, -OB binding, (book-)
-ê bound book;x3TAaTb mto-ji. b -^ have
cover;
b
nepepe3|axb [pîrîr^'i^zat^J imperf -aio, -aeuib, nepepel[pîrî^r^'ezat^] 3axb perf -my, -H<emb, p -3a ji, imp -mb
(mostly into two); cut cut off, intercept. nepepbiB [pîrî^rlf, -v] interval, break, in-a, -OB termission; recess, adjourn1.
2.
KHHra
smth bound; <> nonacTb
col
get
into trouble /a scrape.

tat**l
[p''ir'*ipPi^nepenjierlaTb imperf -aw, -aeuib, ne-
ment; Ha HHXHaAUaxb mhHyx fifteen minutes' break. nepecaAJKa [p^'ir^'i^satka] / -KH, -OK transfer, change (of
train, etc); AeJiaxb
~Ky
trans-

fer,
297
nep
change
trains
[buses,
nepecjiixb see nepecbuiaxb,
[pîrînepecMaTpHBlaxb nepecaxHB|aTbcsi [pîrî- smatrîvat^] -aio, imperf lazhivattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeuib, nepecMOTplexb [pîrî-aeuibCH, nepece|CTb [pîr**!^- smAtrêt^] perf -lo, nepecMOTsês^t^] perf nepecH^y, ne- pHuib, p -eji, imp -H 1. look pecHAeuib, p -Ji, imp nepe- over, look through, go over; CHAb 1. change one's seat, 2, revise {review and amend)',
ttc].
move (to another seat); ex- reconsider. [pîrîstAchange seats; nepececTb 6mnepecralBaxb me [Aajibuie] take seats closer vat^] imperf -ib, -euib, p [farther] {in a theatre, etc); -saJi, imp -Baft, nepecxlaxb -any, transfer, change trains [pîrî^stat^] 2. perf [buses, etc\\ '-aTbCH Ha aSTo- -anemb, p -aJi, imp -anb: ne6yc change for a bus, pecxaxb AeJiaxb mxo-ji. stop / nepeceKJaTb [pîrîsî^kat^] cease doing smth; Ao^K^b neimperf -aio, -aeiiib, nepece|Hb pecxaji the rain (has) ceased; [phrî^sêch'*] -Ky, He ~BaH incessantly, conperf -Heiub, p nepeceK, -KJia, imp tinuously. -KH cross, intersect; cross, go nepecxaBHXb see nepecxasacross,
move
across.
JIHXb.
nepecejiHTb see nepecejiHTb. nepecejiHTbCfl see nepeceJIHTbCH.
nepeceji|HTb
[p^'irîsî-
nepecxaBJiJHxb [pîrîst/vPat^] imperf -hk), -Hemb, nepecxaBJHXb [pîrî^stavît^] perf -Jiio, -Hoib, p -HJI, imp
-b
1.
Pat^] imperf
-hio. -neuib, ne-
move somewhere
from
else,
one place to -K), -Hiub, p -HJi, imp -H another, shift, rearrange (//move {smb to a new flat, nit'ure, etc); 2. put on / foretc). ward [back] {a watch, etc); nepeceji|flTbCfl [pîrîsî^- <> ejie HorH --flxb be hardly Pattsa] imperf -Hiocb, -nemb- able to drag one's feet along. CH, nepeceji|HTbcji [p^'irîsî'^nepecxaxb see nepecxasaxb. lîttsa] perf -ibcb, -HuibCJi, p nepecxpaHBJaxbCsi [pîrî^-HJiCHj -HJiacb, imp -HCb, straivattsa] imperf -aiocb, -HTecb move, remove {to a -aembCH.nepecxpolHXbcji [pîpecejilHTb [pîrîsî^lît*'] perf
move
new
flat, etc).
see
nepececTb
BaibCH.
nepecascH-
rî^stroittsa] perf -locb, -HuibCfl, p -HJiCH, -HJiacb, imp
nepeceHb nepecKas
see
nepeceKaTb.
-z]
[pîr^'i'^skas,
change one's -Hxecb views; improve one's methods of work; reform {become bet-HCH,
ter).
m
2.
-a
1.
retelling, narration;
reproduction, exposition {of smth heard, etc).
nepecxpaxoBmHK
strAkhofsh'';ik, -g]
[p^'irî-
-a,
-ob
nep
298
overcautioul person, eol hedger. nepecTpdjilKa [p'ir'i*str*'elks] / -KH, -OK skirmish, fire
imp -ah 1. cross, get (over), go (across), go (over);

peiiijia,
tngagement, exchange of fire. nepecTpoHTbCH see nepeCTpaHBaTbCH. [pîrîstunepecxynlaxb pat''] imperf -aio, -aeuib, ne[pîrîstupît^] pecTyn|HTb
perf
-HJi,
-jiK),
pass on / over {to smth), 2. proceed {to smth); pass {from smth to smth, into smb's hands, etc); turn {to smth); go on / over {to smth, smb); 3. turn (into a new state); 4. assume, initiate, launch
nepecxynHuib,
-H
2.
1.
imp
step
(over),
PyKH change hands (many times).

nepexoflHbiH
[p'îrî^khod-
{an offensive, attack); <> HXb M3 pyK B
overstep;
(a
fig
transgress
bound, etc), exceed {one's niy] a 1. transition(al); 2. ling powers, a limit, etc); 3. {no transitive. nepjeu [p*'erîts, -dz] m -ua perf): -âxb c hofh Ha Hory shift from one foot to the pepper. other. nepeHJeHb [p^'erîch^m''] m
nepecbuilaxb [pîr^'isilat''] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, nepecji|axb
perf nepemJiio, nepemjieiub, p -aji, imp nepeiuJiH send, send over {smth);
[p'îr^'i^slat^]
-HH, -HCH ventory.

CJlHXb.
list,
register,
see
in-
nepeHMCjiHxb
nepeMHCjijnxb
lât^]
nepcHH-
[pîr^'ich^'is''-
forward {a
letter, etc);
remit
imperf
-hkd,
-nemb,
m m
{money). nepeyji ok [pîrîûlak, -g] -Ka, -KOB side-street, by-
nepeHMCjilHXb Pit**] perf -K),
[p'îr'î^ch^'is'*-
imp
over);
-H
1.
-Huib, p -HJi, enumerate (name
street.
nepexofl [pîrî^khot, -d] -a, -08 1. passage, crossing {the act of passing across on foot); mil (one day's) march; npH ~e Mepea yjiHuy [pyêli u m. n.] while crossing the street [brook, etc]; 2. crossing {the place of); .3. transition {from one state to another); B jipyryio Bepy conversion to another faith. [pîrîkhAnepexofl|MXb dît^] imperf nepexo>Ky, ne-
2. transfer {money). nepHjia [p^'i^rîb] pi nepHji rail, railing; banisters'(o/ a
staircase).
nepMOA
-OB 3a
1.
[pî^r'îat, -d]
-a,
period {of time); b ~, during, in the course of; 33 c... since..., aa kopoxKHH in a short space of time; 2. geol period, epoch,
age.
pexoAHUJb, nepeHJxM
-HJi,
imp
-h,
[p^'ir'î^ytî]
-Ay, -fleuib,
perf nepemeji, ne-
nepjo [p^'i^ro] n -a, pi nepbH, nepbCB 1. feather {of a bird); 2. pen {for writing). neppoH fp'î^ron] m -a, oe platform (of a railway, etc,
station).
299
etc);
nen
nepcoHEJi [pîrsAnal] m -a personnel, staff. nepyaHCK|HH [pîruanskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Peruvian.
3) of a kettle,
cock);
crow
BnoJirojioca {sing); 2. {no perf):
{of
[xenopoM u m.
[tenor, etc]; [tenor, etc\.
d.]
6acoM have a bass

the
hum
bass
nepySHJeu
[p^'iruan^'its, -dz]
sing
-ua, -ueB Peruvian.
nexoxja [pî^khota] / -u [pî^rchâtkî] nepMar KH pi -OK {sing nepMaTKJa / -h) infantry. neHajibHJbiH [p'î^châPniy] gloves. necJHji [pês^nâ] / -hh, pi a sh f neMajien, -a, -o, -bi -HH, -en, -HHM song {a poem 1. sad, sorrowful, mournful, set to music); HapoAHan ~h5i dismal; 2. regrettable, unfortunate, grievous. folk-song; nenaxjaxb [pî^châtat^J <> flojirasi Hsi col a long story; cxapaji hh col ah old imperf -aK), -aeuib, Ha;neHaxaxb [nap''i*^chât^t^] perf 1. story. -Ka print {1) impress on paper; necjoK [pî^sok, -g] (-Ky), -KOB sand; 3bi6yHHe 2) publish); type; ~-aTb na MauiHHKe type; 2. have {one's '-'KH quicksands; 0 caxapHbiH OK granulated article) published {in a magazine, etc); imperf also write sugar. necTpjbiH [p'ôstriy] a sh f {articles for a magazine, etc); -^, necTpa, -o (necipo), -bi 3. carry {of a newspaper, etc). motley, particol(necTpbi) neHax|b [pî^ch'ât^] / -h, gay, -en 1. seal, stamp {also fig); oured; multicoloured; 2. press {periodicals and the gay-coloured. nexjiHlua [pî^tPitja] f -u, people who work for them); -^ 1. buttonhole; 2. tab {on HMeXb XOpOUIHe 6x3bIBbI B -~H have a good press; .3. press, a uniform). neT|jifl [pêtl^g] / -jih, pi printing, print; Bb'iHXH h3 h -JIH, -JiHM 1. -ejib, loop, be published, appear. noose; 2. loop, buttonhole; nencHlb [p^'echîn^] / -h 3. stitch {in knitting); 4. av anat liver. neHeHb|e [pî^chên^ya] n loop. nexyx [pî^tukh, -gh] -a, -H pastry {small flat cakes); -OB cock {ihe male of a hen); biscuits {cakes). neH|Ka [pêch^ka] / -KH, -eK US rooster; aMH rise at co/=neMb II. <>BCTaBaTb c
cock-crow. neib [pêt^]

noeuib,
imperf
noib,
imp noH, [prApêt^] perf, cinexb [s^pêt^] perf 1. -sing {!) a song, etc; 2) of birds; p
neji, nejia,
npoinexb
ncHb I [pêch^] imperf ncKy, neneuib, p neK, ncKjia, imp neKH, HcincHb [ispêch^] per/ an oven); 2. {no 1. bake {in perf) scorch, be hot (o/ the sun, etc).
neq
300
neHJb II Ipêch'^, -j^] / -h. stove {for heating or cooking)', oven; technol furnace; AOMeHHan ~b blast-furnace; MapTCHOBCKaH ~b open-hearth furnace. neuiexoA [p^'isht^khot, -d] -a, -OB pedestrian. neui|Ka [p'êshka] f -kh,
-eft
nHp
[p^'ir]
-a,
pi
-bi,
-OB feast {a meal or banquet); Ha eecb mho <> sump-
tuous feast.
-OB pie,
-a, [pîrok, -c|] pasty; tart {food). nHpojKHloe [p'îrozhnayal n -oro, -bix (fancy) cake.
nnnor
oHpoKÔK
[p^'irAzhok,
-g]
-CK chess pawn {also fig). neiiiKOM [p'î^shkom] adv
on foot; HATH ~ walk, go on foot. nemep[a [pî^sh^:er8] / -bi,
-Ka -KOB patty, pie. nHcaTeji|b [p^'isatîl^] -H, -eft writer, author. nHc|aTb [pîsat^] imperf
HHiiiy,
nHmeiub, p
-aji,
imp
cave, cavern.
nHaHMHo
[p^'iAnîna]
in-
decl (upright)
piano; nrpaib Ha ~- play the piano. nHBH|aH [pîvnaya] / -oft, -bix pub, beerhouse; US barroom, saloon. nHBJo [pîva] n -a beer. HHAâK [pîdzhak, -g] -a, -OB coat, jacket.
nHuiH, HainHcaxb [napîsat^J perf 1. write; 2. {no perf) write {for a magazine, etc); 3. paint {1) a picture, etc; 2) in oil, etc). nHCTOjiex [pîstAlêt, -d] -a, -oB pistol, gun. [p^'is^m^mnHCbMeHHJbiH niy] a 1. written {work, re-
nH>KaM|a [pîzhama] / ^ pyjamas.

nHJi
see
-bi,
2.: bift ctoji quest, etc); desk, writing-table; bift npH-
[pîi],
HHJia
-b'l,
[pîla]
HHTb^
pi
nft-
nHJija [pîla] /
Jibi,
66p writing set. nHCbMlo [pîs^mo] n -a, pi HHCbMa, nftceM, nricbMaM 1. letter {a message); oTKpbiToe
ter;
~, HHJiaM saw
[pîlît^l
nftjiHuib,
(a tool).
nHji|MTb
-K),
1.
imperf
-HJi,
imp
-H
-a,
saw;
nHjioT
2.
fig col nag, pester.

[p^'ilot,
postcard; 2) open letaaKasHoe 6 registered letter; peKOMeHAaxejibHoe 6 letter of recommendation; 2.

1)
~-6
-d]
writing {the art

1.
of).
OB pilot
-b
{of
an aircraft).
[pîPulâ]
/ -H,
oMjiibjilji
nHxaHHle [p'îtan^'iya] n -h nutrition, nourishment,

-~-e
med
pill;
feeding, diet; ycftjieHHoe
<> no30JiOTHTb
pill.
K)
sugar the
nourishing diet, high-caloric

diet;
2.
technol
feeding;
HHOHep
[pîAnêr]
-a,
<>
oCmecTBeHHoe
public
-OB Young Pioneer, pioneer (a member of the voluntary
catering.
[pîtaf'il^nHTaTeJibHJbiH niy} a sh f nHTaieJieH, -a, -0, -bi nourishing, nutritious.
communist
children).
organization
of

HHTlaxb
âK),
301
njiaBJaxb
njia
-aeuib
fig);
[pîtat^] 1. feed,
2.
imperf
nourish
{also
fig
feel,
have
etc);
{sympathy, confidence, '-axb Hajxemj^y cherish hope; 3. iechnol feed.
the
nHT|aTbCH [pîtattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aembCH feed {on smth), live {on smth); xopomo
[njioxo] - axbCH have good [bad] food; aTbcn b ctojio-
[plavat^] imperf -aeiub [cf njibixb] swim {1) in water; 2) on the water); float, drift; sail {on board a ship). njiaBH|biH [plavnty] a sh f njiaBCH, -a, -o, -bi smooth {not jerky); flowing {speech).
-aio,
BOH have one's dining-room.
meals
imperf
at a
nHTb
[pît^]
uhio,
Hbeiub, p HHji, HHjia, nHJio, oHJiH, obinHTb nefl, imp Bbi[vfpît^] perf Bb'mbK), nbeiub, p BbmHJi, imp Bbmeft drink, take {tea, etc); gulp sip; {a liquid); h xoMy
[plAkat, -d] -a, bill, placard. njiaJKaxb [plakat^] imperf -^y, -qeiiib, p -Kaji, imp -Mb 1. cry weep; sob (m d/s/ress); ~Kaxb HaBspbiA sob; 2. weep {for), cry {for); mourn, grieve
-OB poster,
{for);
njiaKax
xoxb ~Hb! <> enough to make

njiaM|ji
col
it
is
you cryl [plam'â] n -eHH
I'm
qaio
tea;
thirsty; BbinHXb
cxaKaH
glass
of
have/ take
aa
3a
Koro-Ji.
Hbe-ji.
smb;
drink to sAopoBbe
drink smb's health.
nHuiH [pîshl] see nHcaxb. nHuiy [p^'ishu], niiiiiemb [pîsh9sh, -zh] see nHcaxb.
flame, blaze; BcnuxHyxb eHCM blaze out {of a fire). njiaH [plan] m -a, -ob 1. plan {for the future, etc); target [a quantity set for output); scheme, project; ccmhjiexHHH seven-year plan;
nepcneKXHBHbiH
plan;
long-term
nHm|a
[pîsh^:a] / -h
food
(a/50 fig); <> Aaeaxb
~y
noflOspcHHRM
JcjiyxaM u m. n.\ feed suspicions [rumours, etc]. nHmjaxb [pîsh^:at^] imperf -y, -Huib, p -aji, imp -H squeak; peep, chirp; whine
{of children),
[pîshîivA* rênîya] n -h digestion; paccxpoflcxBO ~H indigestion. nHmeeloH [pîsh^-.i^voy] a: '-bie opoflyKXbi food-stuffs;
nHii;eBapeHH|e
BbiriycKa npo^yîUHH output plan; cxpoHXb ~bi make plans; 2. plan, map^ CHHMaxb -~- qero-ji. make a plan of smth; 3.: saAHHH background; na nepe^HeM [na aaflHCM] ~e in the foreground [background]; na nepBOM -'e in the forefront. njianep [plAnôr] -a, -oe glider {an aircraft). njiaHejxa [pUnêts] / -bi, planet. [plansviy] a njiaHOB|biH planned, systematic; ' oe xo-
~a5i
npoMbmiJienHocxb
food
3HHCXB0
industry.
-^biH oxfleji
planned economy; planning section;
iiJia
802
njiailoK
oe
saflaHHe target (figure), (production) plan. njiaHOMepHtbiM [pbnAmêrniy] a sh f njianoMepeH, -a, planned, -o, -bi systematic, balanced, regular. njiacTHH|Ka [pUs^tînlo] / -KH, -OK 1. plate (2) o/me/a/; 2) in photography}; 2. (gram-
[pUtok,
-g]
-k5,
-KOB shawl; kerchief; HocoBoa ~6k handkerchief. njiaT4)6pM|a [plAtf6rm8] / -bi, 1. platform {1) on a railway; 2) pol); 2. (railway)
ophone) record; nocxaBHTb '-Ky put on a record.

,
truck; US flat-car. njiaTbje [plaf'ya] n -n, -ea 1. clothes, clothing; BepxHee e outdoor wear, outer clothes; 2. dress, frock,
njiacTMaccja [plAstmassa] /
gown.
--bi,
plastic. -h, njiacTbip|b [plastir^] -eft med (sticking-)plaster; apply plaster. npHJioHCHTb njiarja [plata] / -bi pay, payment; fee, charge; a 3a npoesA fare passage; sapa6oTHaH a wages; pay, salKBapTHpHan a rent ary;
-bi
~b
njiauKaprla [pUtskarta] / reserved seat (ticket) {for passage); berth {for sleepBSHTb ing); y book a reserved seat; book a ticket.
njian
[plach'',
-j^]
-a
{for
dwelling);
--a aa
weeping, crying. njianeBHlbiH [plAchêvniy] a sh f njianeBen, -a, -o, -bi lamentable; b bxoa deplorable,
entrance fee. njiaTHHJa [plaf'ina] / -u platinum. njiarlMTb [pUtît^] imperf njia^y, njiaxHiiib, p -hji, imp [zapUtît^] -H, sainjiaxHTb [upUtît^] yinjiaiMTb perf, perf 1. pay {give money, make a payment, etc); Hib HajiijqHbiMH pay in cash/ ready mo* Hib no cêTy settle an ey; account, pay a bill; Hib b Kaccy pay at the cash-box; ~HTb B .paccpo^Ky pay by
instalments; 2. (sanjiaTHTb)//^ ycjiyroft aa ycjiyry return a service/ a kindness, payback; ~HTb KOMy-ji. BsaliMHocTbK) return smb's love. njiaxHbiH [platniy] a 1. requiring payment; 2. paid
~0M nojioHceHHH in a sorry plight, in a deplorable posi~biH HcxoA HMexb ~biH BHA cut
tion;
failure;
3
sorry
figure.
-zh^:] [plash^:, raincoat, watermakintosh; 2. proof coat, cloak {an outer garment). [plî^vanjieearejibKHula tîPnîtsa] / -bi, -^ spittoon.
njiam
-efi
-a,
1.
njieBJaxb [pl^'i^vat^J imperf

n;iK)K),
njiioeuib,
-aji,
imp
njDoPi,
njiK)H|yTb
[plûnut^]
pay;~HTb
perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -b 1. spit {throw out saliva); 2. fig co/^spit {on), not care a fig / straw; eMy Ha Bce axb he doesn't care a fig /straw. njieMJii [plêm^'a] n -chh, -en, -enaM tribe pi -cHa,
{a
{.work, etc).
community).
ws
njieMflHHMK
n^'ik,
IIJIO
-g]
-a,
-ob
[pPi^mân^nephew.
shoulders; He no
~y
KOMy-ji.
njieMsiHHHula [pPi'^m'ân''niece. Bîtsa] / -bi, njicH [plên] -a captivity [also fig); BSHib b take
beyond smb's power; BbiHccxH Ha CBOHx ~ax (bcw xflacecTb

Mero-ji.) bear the brunt of smth; c -' aojioh that's done, thank goodness. njiHTJa [pPita] / -b'l, pi njiHTbi, ', njiHiaM 1. plate, slab, flag(stone); MorHJibHan ~a gravestone, tombstone;
prisoner. njieHJKa [plônka] / -kh, -OK film [used in photography,

etc);
sacHHTb Ha Ky photograph; npOHBHTb -~Ky de- 2. (kitchen-)range; rasoBan velop a film. a gas-cooker. njieHHbiii [plênnty] I a njioBJeu [plAVêts, -dz] m captive; -ua, -uoB swimmer.^ 1 1 as a noun n Ji e h h bi h m [plot, -d] m -a, -ob ojioji npHHocHXb -oro, -bix prisoner (of v/ar). fruit {also fig); njienyM [plenum] m -a, ~bi bear fruit {also fig); no-OB plenum, plenary session. jKHHaxb bi MyjKoro xpyâ njieceH|b [plês^m^] / -h reap where one has not sown;
{on leather, cheese, etc). -a njiecK [pPesk, -zgj splash, swash; lapping {of waves). njielcTH [plî^s^tî] imperf -Ty, -Teuib, p njieji, -Jia, imp -TH, cinjiecTM [splî^s^tî] perf 1. braid, plait; weave {bas-
mould
- HeAopasyMeuHJi misunderstanding.
result
of
niy] a sh
-o,
-bi
[pladArodnjioflop6;iH|biH -a, f njiojôpojieH,

fertile,
rich {soil, etc).
nji0A0XB6pH|biH [pbdAtvorniy] a sh f njioAoxBopen, -a,

-o,
-bi
fruitful {idea, etc).
kets,
etc);
etc);
twine
{a
wreath,
perf)
spin {a web, etc); 2. {no fig col: --cth epyHAV [B3A0p] talk nonsense. njielcTHCb [pPi^s^tîs^] /mperf -Tycb, -xembCJi, p njiejiCH, -jiacb, imp -THCb, -THxecb col drag oneself along, walk slowly; <> --CTHCb B xBocTe lag behind; trail along at the back. iijieH|6 [pPi^chô] n -a, pi njieqH, ~, -aM 1. shoulder {part of the body); 2. technol
nji6M6|a [plomba] / -bi, -stamp, lead {on the 1. seal, door, etc); 2. stopping, filling
{for
teeth);
cxaBHXb
fill/
stop a tooth.
n.iOM6Hp
[plAmbîr]
-a
(fancy) ice-cream. nji6cK|HH [ploskîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f njiocoK, -a, -o, -H 1. flat {ground, etc); 2. fig trivial, stupid, flat {joke,etc).
ya]
arm;
HMCTb rojioBy Ha '-ax have a good hfead on one's

<
njiocKor6p|be [pbskAgor^n -bH, -hh plateau, table-land. [ploskas^t^, nji6cKocx|b math plane -z^d*'] / -H, -eft {also /f^); HBKjiOHHaa --bin-
njio
S04
toh
jkc (also fig);
clined plane; b
~h
on the same plane
B onpeAejieHHOH --h from a certain angle; <> KaTHTbCfl no HaKJIOHHOH '--H (morally) go downhill.
njiOT [plot,
raft, -d]
-a,
-6b
float.
ground; CTpoHTejibHan ~Ka construction / building site; 2. landing {of a staircase). nji6maA|b [pl6sh^:9t^, -d^j / -H, -eft 1. square {in a populated area); 2. areai space; jKHjiaH ~b dwelling space; floorspace; dwelling, flat; 3.
njiOTMH|a [plAtîna] / -bi, dam. weir; dike, dyke. njioTHMK [plot^n'îk, -g] -a, -OB carpenter. njiOTHlbiH [plotnty] a sh f
--
math
area. njiyr [pluk,
-g]
-a,
pi
-H, -OB
plough {used in farm-
ing).
nJioTCH, -a, -o, -bi 1. compact, dense, close; 2. thickset {person); 3. col: bifi o6eA
njiyr [plut, -d] cheat, swindler, rogue, rascal.

-Beiiib,
-a,
-6b
knave;
-By,
njibiJTb [plit^] imperf
[saBTpaK u meal.
ly;
m.
n.]
I
square
-JI,
-jia,
njibijio,
njibiJiH,
imp
-BH a
concrete
direc-
njioxo [plokha]
-
adv badce6H MyBCTBOBaTb feel
movement
tion
{cf
in a definite
/ unwell; impers predic that's bad; MHe ^ I feel bad / unwell; en
bad
II
CTajio
felt
III
-she fainted; unwell; as a noun n indecl

{at school).
she
bad
HJiaBaTb] swim {1) in water; 2) on the water); float; dtift; sail {of a ship, etc); boat; -~Tb no TeMeHHK) go down stream [a/so see <>]; ^Tb np6THB TeqeHHJi go up stream [also see <>];
mark
<>'^Tb no TCHeHHio go
the stream/ tide;
njiox|6H [plAkhoy] I a -an, njioxo, -6e, -He, sh f ^, -a, njioxH bad {1) opposite of good; 2^ smell, etc; 3) clothes,
etc);
~Tb
against
with npothe
THB TeneHHA go
stream.
njiiOH [plûy]
see njieBaTt.
-z]
~6e HacTpoeHHe bad mood, low spirits; ^6e aô1.
njnoHyrb
njiioc
see njiCBaxb.
[plûs,
-a,
-ob
poBbe poor health; '-oe yiemeHHe poor consolation; noun n Ji o x 6 e n II as a -oro: HTo Tyx --oro? what's wrong about that?;
|
math, elect r plus; 2. advantage {smth to the good).

-a
njiiom ivy.
[pl^'ush^:,
-zh^:]
<> C
he he
is
is
njIOXH not to be trifled with;
HHM uiyrKH
i dangerous customer. n;ioiuaA|Ka [pUshîatka] /
njiioib njiioemb fpl'uyu], [plûy6sh, -zh] see njieBaxb. njiam [pl'âsh, -zh] -a, -eft beach.
njiJic|aTb [plî^sat'']
imperf
-OK 1. ground {for some purpose); playground; sports

-KH,
njiHuiy,
nJiHuieiub,
-aji,
imp
njiHUJH col dance, caper.
nHJi [pnâ]
see neHb.
305
no
nHefi
[pnêy]
[po; in the first pretonpA; in the secposition ond and other pretonic posipa; in a stressed positions
ic
no
one's own free will; no npa* BHJiaM in accordance with the rules; according to the rules;
/
prep I denoting \. a thing, place, whose suretc, along or on face an action, a movement,
etc,
tion p6]
no npHKaay by order; cyAHTb no BHeuiHocTH judge by from (smb's) appearances; h^htb no with dat cpeACTBaM live within one's
means; 5. cause, 6ojie3HH through
reason:
illness;
no
no
takes place: hath [exaTb] no yjiHue [Aopore u m. n.] go [walk, drive] along the street [road, etc]; hath no Tpaee walk on the grass; cnycKaTbCH no jiecTHHue go downstairs, come downstairs; no KpaHM along the edges; no KpaHM AopoFH pocjiH AepeBbH there were trees on both sides of the road; 2. a place, space within thing, which an action, movement, takes place: ryjiHTb no etc, caAy walk /stroll in the garden; xoAliTb no KOMHaTe walk to and fro in a room; nyTeiiiecTBOBaTb no cTpane tour a country, journey through a country; xoAHTb no MyseHM
pacceHHHocTH through absent-mindedness; no neoSxoAHMoCTH

ly;
of
necessity,
necessari-
no omnSKe by mistake; no qbeft-Ji. Bnne through smb's fault; no npHBb'mKe by force of habit; no o6biKHot!eHHio
as usual, usually; 6. a thing by means of which or with the help of which an action
is
performed:
roBopHTb
no
do museums, visit museums; xoAHTb no anaKOMbiM pay

to one's friends/ acquaintances; no BceMy cBeTy all over the world; 3. some
visits
Tejie4)6Hy speak over / on the telephone; no noMTC by post; no >Kejie3H0H Aopore by train; 7. a field, sphere of activity: HccjieAOBanHe no 4)H3HKe an essay in physics; jieKUHH no Bonpocy o... a lecture on the problem of...; saHHTHH no reorpa4)HH geography classes; cneunajiHcx no pyccKOH JiHTepaType a specialist in Russian litera-
direction
njibiTb
that
is
followed:
no TeqeHHK) go down stream; hath no cJieAaM...

follow
4.
(in)
the tracks
of...;
smth in accordance with which an action is performed: no coBCTy Bpaqa on the advice of the doctor; no c66cTBeHH0My meJiaauK) of
authority on Rusture, an sian literature; ^leMnHOH no njiaBaHHK) swimming champion; 8. a thing as a portion of smth that is equally divided in the course of an action: ohh BbmnJiH no CTaKany qîo they had a glass of tea each; sanjiaTi^Tb no py6jiK) pay a rouble apiece; 9. time, term, etc (with plural nouns): no BOCKpecenbHM
no
306
on Sundays; no yxpaM in the morning {as a rule); no hoqaM at night {as a rule); oh He HHcaji HaM no MecHuaM we received no letters from him for months; disII with ace denoting 1. tribution: no ABa in twos; two each; no ABoe in twos, two
rpyAfa b cnery up to one's chest in (the) snow; c 1958 no 1961 roA from 1958 no nnioe iviapxa to 1961; up to the fifth of March; no cen AGHb up to / till now; 3. place: no sry cTopoHy on this side {of); no xy cxopoHy on that side {of); III with pr denoting succession in time: no OKOHâHKH
nocMepxHbifl
[pAs^m'ertnly] posthumous; 2! position class to smth or along smth: node*
pe>Kbe [pab^'i^rêzhya] (sea) coast, seaboard; norpanHq* HbiH [pagrAn^'ich^niy] frontier {attr)^ border {attr); III of adverbs denoting 1.
by two; limit: no
2.
time
or
space
mode of action: no-HOBOMy [pAnovamu] in a new fashion; roBopHXb no-pyccKH speak

Russian; smb's or
ion,
etc: 2.
conformity
desire,
to
one's
opin-
no-MOCMy [pAmoya-
mu] l)to
my mind;
(that...); 2) as I would it; in accordance with
think have
my
suggestion / advice. no6er [pAbêk, -g]

flight, escape.
-a
noSeAJa [pAbêda] / -bi, yHHBepcHxexa on graduating victory; triumph {over smth). nc6eAHTeji|b[pabî^dîtîl^] from the university.
no..., no-...
pref
of verbs
-H,
-eft
winner; conqueror,
denoting 1. the beginning of an action: no6e>Kaxb [pabî^break zhat^] start running, into a run; norHaxb[pAgnat^]
start driving,
2,
eM hs... emerge victorious from... no6eAHTb see no6eJKAaxb.

victor;
sbiftxH
drive
{along);
the continuation of an action for some time: nopa66xaxb [parAbotat^] do some work, work for some time; the perfective aspect: no3. [pAbrît^] 6pHXb perf of
no6eAOH6cHibiH [pabîdAnosnty] a sh f no6eAOH6ceH, -a, -o, -bi victorious, triumphant. noSejKAlaib [pabî^zhdat''] -aeiiib, no6eimperf -aio,
AJHXb
\.
[pab^'i^dît'^l per/ -niiib
defeat,
etc);
conquer;
over;
2.
win
{in
6pHxb; 4. a quality
degree
jiexb
acquirement of or of a greater
no6e.
victory
win
fig fig
game,
triumph
over-
of
a quality: [pabî^Pet^]
(over), prevail; 3.
grow come, conquer.

no6ejiHTb see 6ejiHXb.
white;
II
noAemeBexb
[pad'T-
shi^vêt'']
of
become cheaper; noSepewlbe [pabî^rêzhya] adjectives & nouns de- n -bH, -HH (sea) coast, sea1.
noting
yiihat is expressed
occurrence after by the stem:
board.
ao6uTb
see
6aTb
1,
807
con-
noBesTH I see Beax^ I. no6jiH3ocTH [pAbl^'izas^t^'i] noBesTH II see sesTH II. noBepHTb see sepHTb, adv near by, near at hand; '-' OT qero-ji. near smth. noBepHyrb see noBOpaiHno66|H [pAboi] pi -es beat- Baib. noBepHyTbCfl see noBopaqHing, thrashing. noSpHTb see 6pHTb, BaXbCH. no6pHTbC5i see 6pHTbCH. noBepx [pAvêrkh, -gh] kono6yAMTb see no6y/KAaTb. prep with gen: njiam [p8buzhdat^] CTioMa a raincoat over one's noSyMfllaib Imperf -aio, -aeuib, no5y- suit; CMOTpexb - o^^kob look flJHTb [pabudît^] perf no6y- over the top of one's specin- tacles. 3Ky, -Hiiib, p -HJi impel, n OBepxHOCTH bi H [ p A vêrkhduce, prompt {smb to do smth). nasniy] a sh f noBepxHO[pabuzhdê- CTCH, -a, -0, -bi superficial no6y}KAeHHie nîya] n -h, -h motive, in- (also fig); surface (attr). centive, inducement; h3 canoBepxHOCT'ib [pAvêrkhMbix jiymuHx H from the n9s^t^, -z^d^] / -H, -efi surmost laudable motives. face. noBecHTb see Beuiaxb I. no6biBJaTb [pabivat^] perf noeecTH see bccth 1, 2, 3. -aK3, -aeiub visit, be (to some [pAvêstka] place, somewhere). noBecT'iKa / no61biTb [pAbtt^] per/-yAy, -KH, -OK 1. summons, writ; -yAeuib, p n66biji, -biJia, no- subpoena; mil call-up papers; 6biJio, n66biJiH, imp -yAb 2. (also ~Ka ahh) agenda, stay, remain (for some time). order of the day; cxojiTb na noeajiMTb I see eajiHTb I 1. ~Ke AHH be on the agenda. noBajiHTb II see saJiHTb II. noBecxIb [povîs^t^, -z^d^] noBajiHTbCfl see eajiHTbCH. / -H, -eft story, narrative. noeap [p6v9r] m -a, pi -a, no-BHii,HMOMy [pAvîdîma-OB cook. mu] parenth apparently, in no-Bauieiviy [pAvashamu] all probability; oh, --, saadv corresp to bh [cf no- 6oie;i in all probability he's -TBoeMy] 1. to your mind, in fallen ill, he must have fallthink en ill. you your opinion; [psvînAnoBHHJOBiTbcsi (that .); 2. as you would have it; in accordance with your vattja] imperf -yiocb, -yeuibsuggestion / advice; nycTb 6y- CH, p -oBajicH, -OBajiacb, imp Aex ~ let it be your way, -yftcH, -yftxecb obey, submit. noBJiHflxb see BJiHHXb. have it your own way.
noSjiaroflapHTb see 6jiaro;âpHTb. no6.eflMeTb see 6jieAHeTb.
nîya] n -h behaviour, duct, deportment.
uoBOA Lpovat,
-dj
-a,
noB
qero-Ji. in
80S
-OB occasion, reason, ground;
no -y
connexion with smtii, on tiie occasion of smth; 6e3 bchkopo ~a apropos of nothing; without
noBceAHeBHJbiH [pafsîd^nêvniy] a sh f noBce^HeBCH, -a, -o,

-bi daily, everyday; day-to-day (concern, etc). nOBCioAy [pAfs^'udu] adv everywhere. noBTopHTb see noBTopîb. noBTOp|flTb [jjaftArât*'] imperf -hkd, -neuib, noBTOp|HTb [paftArît^] perf -vd,
any reason;
give rise
ch'îvat'']
(to).
cJiy>KHTb
~om
-aeiiib,
noBOpaHHB|aTb
imperf
[p9VAra-aio,
noBCpHlyTb
[pav^'i^rnutî
perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -h turn (1) a handle, etc\ 2) one's head, etc; 3) to the right, sa yroji turn a etc); ~aTb corner; 2. fig change, turn; HejTb3H noBepHyib BcnHTb kojieco JiCTopHH one can't reverse the course of history. noBOpaHHBJaTbcsi [pavArachîvattja] -aiocb, imperf -aeiiibCH, noBepHiyxbcsi [p9vî^rnuttja] perf -ycb, -eiub-yjiCH, CH, p -yjiacb, imp -Hcb, -Hiecb turn (change one's position); turn round; swing (round); --axbCH chhHOH K turn one's back upon. noBOpOT [pavArot, -d] m -a, -OB 1. turn (a change in direction};- 2. turning, turn; bend, curve; 3. fig change, turn, turning-point. noBpcAHTb see noepe^KAaTb. noBpe}KA|aTb [pavrî^zhdat^] imperf -k\o, -aeuib, n-
-Hiiib,
-VLJi,
imp
2.
-H
1.
re-
peat;
reiterate;
review,
(one's
recapitulate,
lessons, etc).
revise
noBbicHTb
see
noBbimaxb,
noBbiCHTbCfl see noBbimaTbCH. noBbiiii|aTb [pavishat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, noBbic|HTb [pAWsît^] perf noBb'i-
my,
1.
-Huib,
-HJi,
imp
-b
increase, heighten; improve (well-being, skill, etc); enhance (responsibility, etc); prestige, 2. advance, promote (smb). noBbiuj|aTbCfl [pavtshattja] imperf -aeiCH, noBMc|HTbCsi [pAvtsîttja] perf -htch, p -HJicH, -Hjiacb rise, increase;
raise,
improve
etc).
(of
smb's
mood,
noBflslKa [pAvâska] / -kh, -OK bandage; Ha;ioHTb ~Ky bandage, dress (a wound).
BpeAJHTb
[pavrî*^dît^l perf noBpejKy, -Huib, p -liji, imp

-H damage; spoil injure, hurt.
(a car, etc);
noraAaxb noracMTb
see
raAaxb
1.
see racHTb.
noBpe}KAeHH|e [pavrî^zhdênîya] n -h, -h damage, injury; nojiyMHib ~e be damaged; get injured / hurt.
norH(5|aTb [pag^'ibat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, norH6H|yTb [pAgîbnut''] perf -y, -euib, p norH6, noFHfijia, imp -h perish (1) die; [cf THdHyxb] 2) be destroyed); be killed, life; lose one's be lost,

sink (of a ship); crash (of aircraft). norjiaAHTb see rjia^HTb.
st^
norpyiK|aTbCfl
nott
an
norjiOTHTb see norjiomaxb. norjioimaxb [p3glAsh^:at^] -aeuib, norjioimperf -aio, T|HTb [paglAtît^] perf no-
[pagruzhaimperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, norpy3(HTbCfl [pagruzîttja] perf norpy^ycb, norpySHIUbCH (-HIUbCH), p -HJICH,
ttja]
-HJiacb,
imp
-HCb,
-Hxecb
1.
up rine); sink (of a ship); 2. oh ~eH CBoeft pa- fig be absorbed (in), be lost 66toh he is absorbed in his (in), be buried (in), be plungwork; oh en co66h he is ed (in); norpysHXbCH b coh go to sleep, subside into wrapped up in himself. ô^JlJ^;êTb see rjiHêTb. sleep; ropoA norpysHJiCH e noroBopuTb see roBopHXb 3. XHiiiHHy quiet descended noroBoplKa [pagAvorka] / on the town. norpysHxb see norpyâxb -KH, -OK saying, saw; bohth & rpysHXb. B ~Ky 'become proverbial. norpysMxbCJi see [pAgoda] / -bi noroflja norpy(also fig);
imp
rjiomy, norjioTHuib, p absorb, -H take
-hji,
plunge (into), sink (into); submerge, dive (of a subma-
p -HJi, imp -H 1. dip (into), custody; nonacxb AO)KAb submerge (m/o); plung-e (into) be caught in the rain; no(also fig); load (goods, nacxb noA Mbe-ji. bjihrhhc be 2. etc); embark; entrain; em- under smb's influence; 3. an
plane. event
or
state
nofl [pot; in the first pretonic position ^hi, -d; in the second and other pretonic positions pat, in a -d; stressed position pod] noAo -a, -ob frontierfpoda; in the first pretonic nîk, -g] position -guard, border-guard. padA] prep I with norpaHHHH|biH [pagrAn^'ich^- ace denoting 1. direction of action niy] a frontier (attr), border an beneath smth: (attr); âH nojioca border, jiesxb -- cxoji get under a table; cecxb borderland. AepeBo sit n6rpe6 [pogrîp, -b] -a, under a tree; noA ropy downhill; 2. a state, position pi -a, -OB cellar. norpyHijaTb [pagruzhat^] into which smb or smth is imperf -aio, -aemb, norpy- placed, put: oxâxb cyA 3|MTb [pagruzît^] perf no- prosecute, bring to trial; oxcxpa}Ky give into rpyjKy, norpysHiub (-Hiiib), Aaxb
weather; HejiexHan -^-a non-flying weather; npornoa ~bi weather forecast; ~a paaryjiHJiacb the weather has cleared (up). noroHJfl [pAgonâ] / -h 1. pursuit, chase; 2. pursuers. norpaHHHHHK [pagrAUîch^-
HCaXbCH.
nory6HXb
see ry6HXb. noryjinxb see ryjiHXb.
very
near to
nos
flO
some time, the eve of smth: HoBbiH roA on New-Year's Eve; BCMep towards eve~ npasAHHK on the ning; eve of the holiday; eMy HHTbAecHT he is close upon accompaniment: -^ fifty; 4. anJioAHCMeHTbi to / amid applause; nexb MysbiKy sing
to music; dictation; imitation:
[padAbrat^] pick up, take up; 2. approaching: noA6ejKaxb [padbî^zhat^] run up {to smby, 3. a secret actioni noACJiyuiHBaxb [pAtslushlV3t^ ] eavesdrop; noArjiHAbiBaxb
AHKTOBKy from
[pAdglâdivat^] watch furspy {on smb); 4. addition: noAJiHBaxb [padlîvat''] pour some more, add {some
tively,
resemblance, liquid); BbiKpacHTb ^Bepb II of nouns and adjectives Ay6 paint the door in denoting 1. position beneath imitation of oak; my6a smth: noASCMejibe fpadzî'^KOTHK an imitation sealskin m'êl^ya] cave {beneath the coat; 6. purpose: 6yTbiJiKa ~ surface of the ground); noAMOJioKo a bottle for milk; Komwuk [pAtkozhniy] hypoII with instr denoting 1. podermic; 2. being in smb's sition beneath smth: cxo^xb charge, under smb's control, AepeBOM stand under a etc: noALue(bHbiH [pAtshefnty] tree, stand beneath a tree; aided, assisted; under the noAO JibAOM under the ice; 2. patronage {of); noAonbixHbiH [pAdopitniy] state, condition: paSoxaxb experimental; ^bHM-ji. pyKOBOAcxBOM work 3. a rank or title one degree under smb's guidance / lead- below what is expressed by ership; 6bixb noAnoJiKOBHHK HaAsopoM the stem: be under surveillance; 6bixb [patpAlkovnîk, -g] lieutenBonpocoM be undecided; ant colonel; noAMacxepbe ^ AOHCACM in the rain; 3. a [padmAs^'têr^ya] apprentice. place near which smth is noAaleaxb [padAvat^] imsituated or an action takes perf -K), -eiub, p -Baji, imp place: jkhxb ~- Mockboh live -Bafl, noAJaTb [pAdat^] perf in the suburbs of Moscow; -aM, -aiiib, -acx, -aAHM, -alive in the environs of Mos- AHxe, -aAyx, p noAaJi, -ajia, cow; 6HXBa ~- BepjiHHOM the noAaJio, noAaJiH, imp -afl 1. battle of Berlin; 6bixb ~ py- give, hand (over) {with the KOH be at hand; noA 6okom aim of helping or obliging col quite near. smb); - Baxb najibxo KOMy-Ji. [her] nOA..., noAo... pref I of help smb on with his verbs denoting 1. upward di- coat; noAaxb pyKy KOMy-ji. an action: noA- offer / hold out one's hand rection of 6p6cHib fpAdbrosît^] toss to smb; ohh noAa^H ApyP [pAtprlg- Apyry pvKH they shook hands; up; noAnpbiTHyxb put^J jump up; noAoCpaxb 2. serve {^dinner etc}; 3, drivs
5.
^
up
to
ftl
a car, saHBJieHHe application; an hand in ^Baxb >K5jio6y lodge / make Baxb e cy;; a complaint; go to law, bring an action {'against smb); saTb b otCTasKy resign, hand in one's resignation; 5.: noâxb coBex give advice; He Baxb npHsHaKOB ^H3HH show no sign Baxb BHAy make of life; He
the
door
{of
etc)',
4.:
^BaTb
6p|axb [p9dAbrat^] perf noA6epy, noA6epemb, p -aji, -ajia, -ajio, -ajiH, imp noAêpH 1. pick up, take up; 2. select, sort choose smth to out; match. noASop [pAdbor] m -a selection {of personnel, etc); <> (KaK) Ha -- choice {attr).
noA6op6A|oK
-g]
[p9dbAr6d9k,
-Ka, -kob chin.
noABaji [pAdval]
1.
-a, -ob
sign, remain imperturbable; <> noAaib 3HaK give a sign; a noAaxb col pyKofi
no
stone's throw {from,
to).
basement; 2. cellar. noABepr|axb [padvî^rgat^] imperf -aio, -aeinb, noABeprH|yxb [pAdvêrgnut^] perf -y, -euib, p noABepr (-yji), noABepFjia, imp -h sutjject {to torture, etc); expose {to danger, etc); axb comhckhk) call in question; ~axb HcnwxaHHKD put to the test. noABepr|axbC5i [padv^'i^rgattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aembCf[,
noAi^BHXb see noflaBjiHXb. noAaBlMXbcsi [padAVîttsa] perf -jiibcb, noAaBHuibCH,- p

'^jicn,
-HJiacb,
imp
-HCb,
-6xecb be choked; {with a bone, etc).

noflaBjieHHbiH
choke
[pAdavl^mdis-
ntyj a [pa]
pirited.
noflaejilflTb
depressed,
noABeprH|yxbCJi [pAdvêrperf
-ycb,
gnuttsa]
-euibCH,
imperf -hk), B|HXb [padAv'it^] perf

noAaBHiiib,
lion,
etc);
[psdAvPat^] -êiub, noAa-jik),
p noABeprcH (-yjicn), noABepFJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb be

subject
{to),
undergo;
~axbCH
-HJi,
imp
-h 1.
suppress, put
down
2.
{a rebel-
onacHOCXH be exposed to danger; run the danger {of

see
restrain,
down,
stifle;
choke smth). overwhelm, noABeprnyxb

raxb.
noABep-
crush; depress, dispirit.

noAaBjiflK)ii^|HH
[psdAvPa-
yush^:iy] a [pa] -an, -ee, -He
overwhelming, overpowering. noAapHXb see AapHTb. noAaploK [pAdarak, -g] m

-Ka, -KOB present, gift; b as a present.
ôk
noAaxb see noAaBaxb. noA6Hp|axb [padbîrdt^] imperl -4k), -aewb, noAo-
noABeprHyxbCfl see noABepraxbCH. noABecxH see noABOAi^xb. noABHr [podv'ik, -g] m -a, -OB heroic deed, exploit, featj coBepuiHXb perform a ha roic deed. [padvîgat^] noABHrjaxb imperf -aio, -aeuib, noABHH[yTb [pAdvînut^J perf -y,
fio
SI2p
-yji,
-euib,
imp
-b
move,
(to).
move
a
aside,
move up
noABH^KHJOH [padvîzhnoy] movable; an 1. mobile,
[padgAtovîttsa] perf -jirocb, -HUJbCH, p -HJICH, imp -bCH, -biecb prepare, get ready.
noAroTOBHTb
JIHBaXb.
see
noAroxaBsee
lUKajia sliding scale; 2, agile, lively, active; <> oft cocTaB r/i/ rolling-stock.
noAroxoBHXbcsi
XaBJlHBaXbCH.
noAro/
noArox6BK|a [padgAtofka]
-H
1.
noflBHJKHJMH [pAdvîzhniy] a sh f noABHHceH, -a, -o, -bi
preparation, preparing;
nOABHJKHOH
2.
training, sonnel,
see noABHraxb. [padvAdît^] noflBOA|HTb imperf nofleojKy, noABOAHuib,
noABHHyTb
p p
-HJi,
imp
-H,
noABelcTM
{of perschooling, grounding, background, preparation. noAAaHHlbift [poddanniy] -oro, -bix subject {a citizen).
etc);
education
2.
[padvî^s^tî] perf -Ay, -Aeiiib, noABeji, -Jia, imp -ah 1.
lead up
col let
{to), bring (to); 2. (smb) dov/n, do an ill turn; 3.: ~HTb HT6r(H) sum
noAAaHCXBJG [poddanstva] n -a citizenship, nationality; npHHHXb ~o become be

/
naturalized,
zen.
become
see
a citi-
up
<>
{also fig);
~HTb SpoBH
pencil one's
noAACJiaxb noAAejiJKa
noAAeJibisaxb.
/
[pAd^dêlka]
eyebrows. -KH, -OK imitation, forgery, noABOAHibiH [pAdvodniyj a falsification. [pAd^'d^'eltsubmarine; biH KaMeHb reef noAAeJibiB|axb -aio, -aeuib, {a rock); ~bie pacTeHHH subi vat^] imperf merged plants; ~oe leqeHHe noAAeJijaxb [pAd^dêlat^] perf -aio, -aeiijb counterfeit, falundercurrent, underset. noAroplaxb [padgArat^] im- sify; forge, fabricate. noAAepJKaxb see noAAepJKHperf -aei, noAropjeTb [padgArêt^]
perf
-ht,
/ /
a little burnt a little burnt
p -eji get scorched; be scorched {of

[padgA-
eaxb.
noAAepiKHB|axb [pAd^dêrzhfvat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, noAAep)K|axb [pad^dî^rzhat^j perf -y, noAAepJKHuib, p -aji, imp -H 1. support, hold up, bear; 2. support, back (up), second; encourage {support morally); 3. maintain, keep up {a correspondence, conver-.
food, etc).
noAroTaBJiHB|aTb
tavPivat''] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, noAroTOBlHTb [padgAtov^'it^j
perf -JiK), -Hiub, p -HJI, imp -h prepare, make ready; train {personnel, etc); -~aTb noMBy sat ion, etc). fig pave the way {for}-. [padnoAroTaejiMBlaTbCJi noAA6p>KK|a [pAd^'d^'ershka] gAtavl'îvattja] imperf -aiocb, / -H support, backing; supnoAroTOBlHTbca porting, seconding; encoyraîWbca,
S1^
fig
BÂ
win
I
ageroent (moral support); npn ê... with the support of... noACHCTBOBaTb see achct-
2.
(over),
greatly
touch (smb). noAJiejKam ee

sh^:iya]
ject.
BOBaib
2.
[padl^'i^zha-ero, -hx ling sub-
noflCJiHTb see jiemrh 1. noflejiMTbCJi see AeJiHTbCH 2. nofleujeBeTb see jXQUieBerh.
ÔAJle^
-a,
[pA.dPets,
-dz]
nojimeHb
tîl-^]
see
nojimiiraTeji\b
noA>KHraTb. [padzhtga-
-OB blackguard, drel, villain.
scoun-
noAJiHHHHK
-g]
-H,
-eft:
BoftHbi
-a,
-ob
original
[podPin^nîkr (of a
warmongers,
instigators
of
war. [padzhigat^] noAHCHrlaxb imperf -aio, -aeuib, noAiKeHb [pAdzhech^] perf noAOJKpy, noAO>K>Kemb, p noA>Ker, no;ôset fire jKFJia, imp noAOJKFH
to, set
book, etc). noAJiHHHbiH [podlînniy] a 1. authentic, genuine; original (text, etc); 2. true, real. noAJior [pAdlok, -g] -a, -OB forgery (an act of).
noAJiOKHTb
see
noAKJiaAU-
on
fire.
noA3eMH|bifi [pAdzêmniy] a underground, subterranean;

--biH xoA underground passage; ~aH >Ke;ie3HaH AOpora the underground, tube; VS subway; bift nepexoA subway (across the street). noAKjiaAlKa [pAtklatlo] / -KH, -OK lining (of a coat,
etc).
BaTb. noAJio^KHJbiH [pAdlozhniy] a sh f noAôHê-H, -a, -o, -bi false, counterfeit. [podliy] a sh f noAJijbiH ~, -a, -o, -bi mean, base. foul.
noAMeHHTb
see
noAMeHHXb.
noAMeHiflTb [padmî^nât^] imperf -hio, -Heiub, noAMeHiHTb [padmî^nît^] per/ -k>, noAMeHHiub, p -HJI, imp -h 1.
substitute secretly, substitute imperceptibly (sm//2 for smth); 2. substitute (for smb).
noAKjiaAbiBJaTb
[pAtkladt-
V9t^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, noAjio}K|HTb [padlAzhtt^] per/-y, noAJio^KHuib, p -HJi, imp -h lay (under); 1. put (under),
2.
noAKOBJa
add, put some more. [pAtkovs] /

(horse)shoe.
see
-h,
noAMCCTM see noAMeiaTb. noAMexlaTb [padmî^tat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, noAMe|cTH

p noAMeji,
[padmî^s^tî] perf -ly, -Teiiib, -Jia, imp -th sweep (the floor, etc); ~aTb b komnaxe sweep the room.
-bi,
noAKOBaxb
pPenîya] n
forcement(s).
KOBaib
2.
noAKpenjieHH|e
[patkrî-h mil rein-
noAMex|Ka [pAdmôtka] / -KH, -OK (half-size) sole (of a

shoe);
noAKynjdxb [patkupat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, noAKynJHTb [pstkupît^] perf -jiib, noAKynHiiib, p -HJI, imp -H 1. bribe;
col
<> B --KH HerOAHXCJI KOMy-Jl. is not fit to hold a candle to smb.
noa
noAMbiuilKa
[pAdmlshka]
814
5.
revolt;
begin, start; b sa-
cases KH, -CK (in oblique spelt separately) arm-pit; neCTH noA Mb'iLUKOH Carry under
roHe noAHHjicH uiyM the carriage became noisy;
the arm; }Kafl> noA MbiiuKaMH be rather tight in the arm-pits (of clothes).
cACJiaib
noAHHM|aTb
[padn^'imat^]
y Hero pyna He ^-êrcji 3T0 he can't bring himself to do it. noAHoc [pAdnos, -z] m -a, -OB tray (for carrying arti<>
.
imperf -aio, -aeuib, noAHJHTb [pAdnât^jper/ -HMy, -HMemb,
cles)
-Hjia, noAHHjio, noAHHJi, noAHHJiH, imp -HMH 1. pick up, take up; 2. raise, lift;
noAHflTb see noAHHMaxfa. noAHHTbCfl see noAHHMaTbca.
uplift (eyes, etc); hoist (a flag,

etc);
noAO see noA. noAO... see noA...

f
noAoSHlbiH [pAdobniy] a sH noA66eH, -a, -o, -u like, draw up the blinds; 3. wake similar; such a / an, such; up, rouse; 4. raise, increase; OH He BHACJi HHqero -~oro he enhance (prestige, etc); 5.: hasn't seen anything like it; '--axb KpHK myM 1) raise a B ~bix cjiynanx in such clamour, make a noise; 2) fig cases; in similar cases; nothing of col raise hue and cry; ~aTb <> HHHero ~oroI TpeBory give the alarm, raise the kind!; h Towy ~oe and an alarm; ~aTb 6yHT start a the like; and so on, and so mutiny; stir up rebellion; forth. noAoSpaxb see noA6HpaTb. 6.: ~aTb uejiHHy plough up noAo6py-no3AOp6By [padAvirgin soil; <0> brupdzdArovu] adv col before ~aTb Bcex Ha hofh alarm; noA- it's too late, while it's safe raise a general HHTb opyjKHe take up arms; for you. [padagrîHOAorpeBlaTb '-aib Ha 6opb6y stir to acHa CMex vat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, noAOtion; ~aTb Koro-Ji. make a laughing-stock of rpjexb [padAgr^'et''] perf -eio, smb; axb Hbe-ji. HacTpoe- -eeiiib warm up (food, etc). [padAzhdat^] noAOA|axb HHC cheer up smb. noAHHMJaTbc [padnîma- perf -y, -emb, p -aji, -ajia, -ajio, -ajiH, imp 1. wait ttja] imperf -aiocb, -aembcn, -i5 little smb, noAH|^Tbcn [pAdnâttja] per/ (a etc); for -HMyCb, -HMeUJbCH, p -HJICH 2. col wait a little (witk
one's
~aTb bopothhk collar; ~aTb
turn up
miopbi
-HMIiCb, get up, stand up; 2. rise, increase, go up; 3. climb, ascend; rise
(-HJICH),
-HJiaCb,
1.
imp
-HMHtecb
rise,
smth). [padazr**!*riOA03peBldxb v^f"] imperf -aio, -aeuib suspect (smb of smth, that smth
^/ a
hill, eicy, 4.
ri^
(u;t),
has happened,
etc).
noflospdHHJe
n**iy8l
lief)'.
815
1.
ox
sign {one'snams);
{for
2.
-h,
-ft
[padAzrêsuspicion
Tecb
etc).
sub-
scribe
newspaper^
-z^]
(1) mistrust;
2) a vague beHa --H under suspicion; no ^K) B... on suspicion of...
noAHHclb
-H,
-eft
[p6tp''is'*,
signature {on
a doo
[p9dAnOA03pHTejIbH|bIH zrîtîPniy] a sh f noAoapHsuspi1. Tejien, -a, -o, -li suspicious-looking; cious;
ument, etc); aa bio HBaHOBa signed by Ivanov. noAnojiKOBHHK [patpAlk6vnîk, -g] nant colonel.
-a,
-ob
lieute-
shady {person,
etc);
2.
sus-
picious, mistrustful.
noAOHTb see ji,OHTb. noAOHTH see uojxxomih. noAOKOHHHK [p9dAk6n^nîk,

-g]
noAnojibHUH [pAtpoPnly] a underground {organization,

etc).
-a,
-ob window-sill.
noApajKiaTb [padrAzhat**] imperf -ajo, -aeiiib imitate,

copy; cjieno axb KOMy-ji. slavishly imitate smb. noApaayMeBiaxb [padrazumî^vat^] imperf -aio, -aemfa imply, mean, implicate. noApaTbCfl see ApaTbCH 1. [pAdrobnoAp66HocTlb nas^t^, -z.^d^] / -h. pi -h, detail {of an account -efl adventure, etc); pi also particulars.
see noApbieaTb. noA6iiiB|a [pAdoshva] / -bi, '- 1. sole {of a shoe, foot,
etc)',
noAopBarb
2.
foot {of a mountain).

see
noAnHcaTb
saTb.
noAUHCbi-
noAnMcaTbCfl BaTbCR.
see
noAOHCbi-
[pAtpîska] / subscription {to written a newspaper, etc); 2. statement, promise, signed
noAnHclna
1.
-KH, -OK
noApoSHJbiH
[pAdrobniy] a
-o,
engagement.
noAni:HHK[pAtpîsh^: ik,-gl -OB subscriber {to a -a,
sh f noApc56eH, -a, detailed, minute.
-u
noAp6cT|oK [pAdrostak, -g] m m -Ka, -KOB teen-ager; juvenewspaper, etc). [pAtpî'st- nile; noAnHCbiB|aTb youth, young boy; -aio, -aeuib, young girl. vat^] imperf noApyrja [pAdruga] / -h, noAnHCJaxb [patpîsat^] perf noAnHiuy, noAnHuieuib, p -aji, ~- (female) friend; playmate imp noAnHUJH 1. sign {a let- {a girl); uiKOJibHan ~a school2. subscribe {smb -mate {a girl). ter, etc); noApy%|MTbcsi [padruzhffor a newspaper, etc).
noAnHCbiB|aTbC5i [pAtpîsivattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, noAnHc|aTbC5i [patpîsattsa] perf ttja]
perf
-HJicH,
-ycb, -HJiacb,
-Hiecb make smb). uieuibCH, p -ajiCH, -ajiacb, noApbiBldrb [padrivat^] /mimp BOAnHiuucb, no^QHuiii- perl -aio, -aeuib, QOAopB|aTii
-iimbCH, p -HCb, {with friends
imp
noAUHiuycb, noAUH-
nofl
perf
-y,
S16
noACTaB|Ka
[pAtstafka]
/
[p9dArvat^]
-eiub,
-ajiH,
blow up, blast, 1. explode, sap; 2. fig undermine, sap; noAopBaTb qbe-Ji. KOMy-ji. shake flOBepHe K
smb's faith
-d] adv running, in succession; on end. [pAts'^vêshnojlCBeHHHK nîk, -g] m -a, -ob candlestick, candleholder. noACKasarb see noACKasbiBaTb. [pAtskazinoflCKa3biB|aTb -aemb, -aio, V9t^] imperf noiicKalsaTb [patskAzat^] perf noACKajKeuib, p -aaji, ->Ky,
p -aji, /mp -H
-ajia,
-ajio,
in smb. noApA [pAdrât,
-KH, -ok support, prop, rest, pedestal. noACTeperjaTb [pats^tîrî^gat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, noACTepjeHb [pats^t'î^rêch^j -ery, -ememb, p -er, perf
-erjia,
imp
{for
(for seize.
smb), smb);
-erH lie in wait be on the watch
perf
also catch,
[patstrî^-aeiub,
-yji,
kat^]
noACTpCKlaTb imperf noACTpeKH|yTb

-y,
-aio,
[patstrî^k-
nut^] perf
-emb, p
imp
-H
1.
incite,
instigate,
set on; 2.
excite {smb's curi-
osity; etc).
imp
etc;
->KH
prompt
{whisper,
er
also fig); suggest (a propdecision, etc); ue -~aTb!
[patsudînoAcyAMMlbiH miy] m -oro, -bix defendant,

the accused; prisoner at the bar. noACHCT [pAtsh^:6t, -d] -OB calculation {to find -a, a result); fojiocob poll, counting of votes.
no prompting!
noAcjiyiuaTb see noACJiyuiHBaTb. noACJiymHB|aTb [pAtslushfvat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, noAcjiyiii|aTb [pAtslushat^] perf -aio, -aeiiib overhear; imperf also eavesdrop, listen (at the keyhole, etc).
noATBepAHTb
>KAaTb.
see
noATBep-
zhdat^]
noATBepJKAJaTb [patt^vî^rimperf -aio, -aeiub,

[patt^vî^r-
[pAtsmatimperf -aio, -aemb, noACMOTp|eTb [patsmAtiêt^j

rîvat'']
noAcMaTpHB|aTb
noATBcpAlHTb
dh't^] perf noATBep>Ky, -HUib, p -Hji, imp -H confirm, cor-
perf
-lb,
noACMOTpHmb, p
-eji,
roborate;
reaffirm;
~aTb
imp
etc).
-H spy {through keyholes,
nojiyHeHHe Mero-ji. acknowledge the receipt of smth.
noACHe}KHHK
nîk, -g] drop.
[pAts^nêzhhot snow-
noATBepjKAeHHje
[pat-
-a, -ob
noAc66HbiH [pAtsobnty] subsidiary, auxiliary.

noAcojiHeHHHK
ch'^nîk, -g]
f'vî^rzhdênîya] n -h, confirmation, corroboration; ~e noJiyqeHHH Mero-ji. acknowledgement of the receipt

of smth.
-a,
[pAtsolnî-ob sun-
noATflwlKH
[pAt^t^'ashkîJ
flower.
pi -eK braces, suspenders.
8ftHHHeni,
etc);
HM
noA'4[HHeH6, hoa^h{position,
noA^M|aTb [pAdumdi^] per -aw, -aeiufa 1. see AyMaTb 1; 2. think (a little), think (for a while); -<> '-axb / ~afi(Te) rdjiBKo! col just fancy!; well!; h hc aio! col I wouldn't think of doing such a thing! noflyxb see AYTb. noflyui|Ka [pAdushka] / -kh, -eK pillow (^0 s/eep 0/1); cushion.
HCHM subordinate
as a
noun
noA^HHCH-wx subordi-
HJbiH
nate.
-oro,-
nOAHHHHTb see nOA^HHHTb. noAHHHHTbCH sce noAHHHHTbCH.
noAHHH|HTb
[patchînât^]
noAXOA [pAtkh6t,
-d]
imperf -hk), -neuib, noAHHH|HTb [patchînMt'l perf -k>,

-Hiiib,
-a,
-HJi,
imp
-H
subor-
-OB 1. approach {the act or place of)\ mil approach march; method of approach, ap2. proach; point of view. [patkhAdMt^] noflxolflHTb
dinate.
imperf
-mR,
p noAOH|TH -HTecb submit oneself {to), [padAytî] perf -Ay, -Aeiub, p submit {to); obey {an order, noAomeji, noAomjia, imp -ah etc). go up {to), 1. come up {to), noA'besA [pAdyest, -zd] m
-w.y,
noAXOAHuib,
noAHHHlHTbCJi [patchînâimperf -Hiocb, -neuibCH, noAHHHJHTbCfl [patchînMttsa] perf -locb, -HiubCH, p -HJicH, -HJiacb, imp -HCb,
ttja]
imp
-AH,
approach; pull in, come in a train); 2. draw near(er) {of time, etc); 3. approach, consider, treat {from a certain point of view); 4. do
{of
{for);
etc;
-a,
-OB entrance, porch. [padyi^noA'besjKJaTb
suit {1)
the
occasion,
2) smb).
noAXOAHii])|HH [patkhAd^'ash^:iy] a [pa] -an, -ee, -He suitable, proper, appropriate; ~HH MOMCHT the right mo-
ment. noAHepKHBJaTb [pAtchMrkîvat'] imperf -aio, -aeuib, noAHepKHlyxb [patchî*^rknut^] perf

-y,
-euib,
imperf -aio, -aeiiib, noATjexlaxb [pAdyekhat^j perf noATêAy, noA'beAemb, p -aji drive up {to), ride up {to); approach, near {in a vehicle). noATieM [pAdyom] m -a, OB 1. lifting; hoisting {of a 2. ascent {of a flag, etc); mountain); 3. rise, slope upgrade; 4. upsurge, upheaval; progress, advance, rise;
zh'':at'']
raising {of
level); 5.
the
cultural, etc,
enthusiasm, anima-
-yji,
imp
underline, score under; 2. fig emphasize, lay stress on, underline. noAHHHeH|HbiH [patchînônniy] [pa] I a sh -, no;^-H
1.
tion; <> jieroK
Ha
col
light on
one's feet.
noA'bexaTb
tn -K3,
see noA'beajKaTb.
-g]
noeAHHJOK [payi^dMnak,
-Kop duel,
818
-a, ^6e3;^ [poyast, -zd] pi -a, -Of; rly train; KypbepCKHft '^ jxpress (train); toBapHbiH goods train; US freight train. noe3AlKa [pAyestka] / -kh, -OK trip, journey, tour. noexjaTb [pAyel<li3t^] perf
-H, -ft wish, desire; HaHjiymuHe ~h best wishes. nowejiarb see jKejiaxb. noHcepTBOBaTb see HcepTBO-
noeAy,
noe;ieiiib,
-aji,
imp
noesjKaft go (by vehicle in a certain direction, etc); come {by vehicle towards the speak{[or some start etc); er,
saxb. nojKHBlaTb [p9zhivatÎ imperf -aio, -aeiub: KaK bm ~aexe? how are you?, how are you getting on? no%H3HeHHbiH [pAzhfz^nîniy] a for life, life {attr). no(Hji]6H [pazhHoy] a elderly; B -~6m Bospacxe elderly.
place by vehicle); -~aTb co cjie^yiomHM aBiodycoM tal<e col the next bus; ~ajiH!
noMHMlaxb
imperf
-aji,
[pazhimat'*]
-aeuib,
-aio,
no|aTb
{for
come
along!, let's start! noxcajieTb see JKajiexb,
[pAzhat''] perf -My, -Meuib.p
imp
-MH
press
noKajioBaTbcsi see TKajioBaXbCH. nomajiyH [pAzhaluy] parenth very likely; I perhaps,

think...; better.
while); nojKaxb
pyKy
KOMy-ji.
shake smb's hand; <> âxb njienaMH shrug one's

shoulders. noBaSoTHXbcsi XHXbCH.
see
see see
would rather; had

[pAzhali^sts]
3a66-
nowajiyficTa
no3aBHAOBaTb
Baxb.
saBHôsaBxpa-
part used
in polite requests, etc please; 2. with a polite consent certainly; with pleasure; 3. in an answer to an
1.
no3aBTpaKaTb
Kaxb.
expression of gratitude
mention it; welcome; 4. in giving way smb you first;

-<>
don't not at all; you're

to
no3aBMepa [pazafchî^ra] adv the day before yesterday.
no3aAH
[pazAd^'i]
adv
8c
CKa}KH(Te)
I
col
just
prep with gen behind {at the back of).
fancy!,
fire,
say!
no3aHMCTBOBaxb
see saliM-
nojKap [pAzhar]
conflagration.
-a,
-ob
I
no%apH|biH [pAzharniy]
fire{attr);
âa KOMaHAa
noxcipH|biH
fire-brigade; II as a noun
-oro, -bix fireman. noJKaTb see no>KHMaTb.
CXBOBaXb. no3anp6uijibiH [pazAproshUy] a before last; roA th year before last. no3Bdxb see ssaxb 1, 2. [p9ZVAl^4n03B0JieHH|e nîya] n -h permission; c sd-
mero
sioa,
~h
with your permisleavo.
iioejiauu|e [pdzhi^lanîyal
by your

nosBOJiHTb see nosBOji^Tb
n03B0Jl|flTb
819
noft
1.
[p9ZVAlât'']
-Heiiib,
Imperf
flJHTb
-hio,
nosBo-
n63e [p6zh^:i] comp o/ nosAHHH & corresp adv. no3HaK6MHTb see SHaK6MHTb. no3HaK6MHTbCfl see 3HaK6< MHTbCH. nosop [pAz6r] m -a shame, disgrace, infamy. no36pH|biH [pAzorniy] a sh f nosopen, -a, -o, -bi shameful, disgraceful;
perf -lo, -Hiiib, p -Hji, imp -fc 1, allow, permit; 2.: bxe mhc allow me, let me {do smth); <> --flTb ce6e 1) permit oneself; venture (a remark, etc)] 2): OH He MOMceT no^^BOJiHTb ce6e KynHTb sto he can't afford to buy it; flxb ce6e cjiHiuKOM MHoro take liberties.
[pAzvolît^]
n03B0HHTb See 3B0HHTb. nosBOHOHHHK [pazvAnoch^n^'ik,
npHrBOSAMTb K ~OMy <> CT0Ji6y put in the pillory. noHCKlH [poiskî] pi -ob search (for smth). noH|Tb [pAit^] imperf noK>,
m -a. -ob anat -uib (noHuib), p -ji, imp ~, -g] backbone, spine. HajnoHTb [napAit^] perf give nosAHJHH [poz^nîy] a late to drink; water {animals); (1) autumn, dinner, etc; 2) HanoHTb HaeM treat to tea, guest, etc); ao -eft Ho^Htill give some tea.
late at night. nosAHO [pozna] I adv late (1) after the time expected; 2) at or up to an advanced hour); II impers predic it's late; it's too late.
noH [poy] see nexb. noHMaTb see jioBjixb. noHMH [pAymî] imp of noHHTb; see noHHMaxb. noHMy [pAymu], noHMeuib [pAymMsh, -zh] 1st & 2nd persons of noHHXb; see dohhMaxb.
nofllxM
nosAopOBaTbcsi BaTbCH*
see
SAOpo-
[pAytî]
perf -Ay,
nosApaBHTb
JIHTb.
see
nos^paB[pazdrAv-
-Aeaib,
no3ApaBji(,flTb
l^'at^] imperf no3ApaBlHTb
-hk),
-Heuib,
[pAzdravîtî
perf -jiio, -Huib, p -HJI, imp congratulate; greet {smb on the occasion of); ~HTb
-h
-AH 1. tain direction, etc); come {on foot towards the speaker, etc); start (for some place on foot); 2. start, leave (o/ a bus, etc); 3. enter {school,' etc); join {the army, etc); 4. be required
{for),
p nomeji, nomjia, imp go {on foot in a cer-
Koro-ji. c
HoBbiM roAOM wish
be
used
{in);
na ko
happy New Year; CXK)M nouiAO xpH Mcxpa Maxe '-aiO BaC C AHCM p0>KAeHHH pHH three metres of material [c npasAHHKOM] (I wish you) were used in making the suit many happy returns of the 5. begin {to rain, etc);
smb
day.
<> noiueji! col off with you!
noK
nouieji
820
boh! col clear out!, begone!; ecjiH y* Ha to nouiJio col for that matter, as
far as that goes; He noHAer! col that won't do!, that won't
work!
noKa [pAka] I adv so far; for the present, for the time beBce that's ing; for a while; all for the time being;
read (of a meter, etc); 5. law give evidence, testify; bear witness, swear; <>noKa3aTb ce6 1) prove oneself to be (a good worker, etc); 2) prove one's worth; (h) BHAy He noKasaib show no
sign.
while (as long as); He until; <> HTo co/ in the meantime, in the meanwhile; (ny) ~!
II
cj
1.
2.
till;
[pAkazlvaimperf -aiocb, -aembCH, noKa3laTbCJi [pakAzattja] perf noKa}Kycb, noKmembCH, p -ajicH, -ajiacb, imp noKaH<HCb,
noKasbiBJaTbCfl
ttja]
noKamHTecb
1.
show
2.
oneself;
col bye-bye!,
so long!
noKa3aHH|e
n -H, -ft mony; 2. etc); CHHMaTb
[pakAzanîya] evidence, testi1. reading {of a meter,
~h CMemHKa
[npH66pa] read an electricity [gas] meter [a gauge]. [pakAzanoKasarejibHlbiH tîPnty] a sh /noKaaarejieH,

-a.
appear, turn up; oh AaBHone ~aeTCH he hasn't come for a long time, we haven't seen him for a long time; 3.: âTbCH epaqy see a doctor.
in
come
sight;
-o,
-bi
1.
significant, sig-
nificative; 3T0 BecbMa this is very significant;
~o
2.
noKapaTb see Kaparb. noKaTHTb see KaiiiTb. noKaTHTbCM see KaTHTbCH. noKHAlaxb [pakîdat^] im-aeiiib, perf -aio, noKHHJyTb
[pAkînut^]
perf
-y,
-eujb,
exemplary; 3. demonstrative, demonstration
model
{attr),
p -yji, /mp -b leave {a place); abandon, forsake, desert.

[pAkladînoKjiajiHCT|biH stiy] a sh f '-, -a, -o, -u lenient, easy, forbearing, complaisant. noKjioH [pAklon] -a, -oe 1. bow {a greeting); oTsexHTb Ha qefl-Ji. return smb's bow; 2.: nepeitaib KOMy-ji. give smb one's love/ compliments / best regards. nOKJiOHHTbCSI SeeKJiaHHTbCH.
(attr); ~bifl cyjx show-trial.
noKasaTb
CH
noKasbiBaxb, noKasaTbcsi seenoKasbieaTbsee
& KaaaibCH
1,
2.
noKasHoA [pakAznoy] a
tentatious, for show.
os-
noKa3biB|aTb [pAkazivat^] imperf aio, -aeujb, noKalsarb [pskAzat^] perf ->Ky, noKaJKeiub, p -3aji, imp ->kh 1. show (/) bring before the sight; 2) point out, indicate; 3) exhibit, demonstrate); 2, point
(at,
to);
noKjioHHHK
-g]
[pAklon^nîk,
noKasaib pyKOH
to...;
na...
-ob admirer, noKji^CTbcn see KJiHCTbCH.

-a,
motion
8,display {cour-
noK6|H [pAkoy]
peace;
-h
rest,
age, etc);
4.
show, register,
321
noji
<> npHCMHbiH H reception- etc); roof; paint {with), coat -room {in a hospital); yfiiH {with); 2. cover (a certain distance); 3. pay off, meet. Ha H retire. noKpbiuilKa [pAkrtshka] / noKOHHHK [pAkoynîk, -g]
-a, -OB the deceased. noKOjieHHJe [pakAPenîya] n -H, -H generation {people); <> H3 ~ji B ~e from generation to generation. noKOHHlMTb [pAkon^chît^] perf -y, -Hiub, p -hji, imp -H finish {with), be through
-KH, -eK tyre {on a wheel). noKynaTeji|b [pakupatîl^] -en customer, client -H, {at a shop); buyer, purchaser. noKynjaTb [pakupat^] imperf -aio.-aemb, Kyn|HTb [kupît^] perf -JiK), KynHuib, p
{with), have done {with); do away {with), put an end {to);

HTfa <> suicide.
-HJI,
imp -H buy, purchase. noKyn|Ka [pAkupka] / -kh,
co66h
commit
noKopHTb see noKopHXb. nOKOpMHTb see KOpMHIb
1.
noKopHlbiH [pAkorniy] a sh f noKopcH, -a, -o, -bi obedi- n -H, -H 1. attempt {on smb's ent, submissive; resigned Ito life); 2. encroachment {upon), one's fati etc.) infringement {upon). noKOpjsiTb [pakArât^] imqoji I [pol] m -a (-y), pi noKO- -hi, -OB floor {of a room). -HK), -Hemb, perf p|HTb [pakArît^] perf -ib, noji II [pol] m -a, pi -u,
-Hiiib, p -HJI, imp -H 1. sub{also jugate, subdue fig); 2. fig win smb's heart, fascinate, charm, captivate.
buying, purchasing, -OK 1. purchase; 2. purchase (a thing kh do bought); AeJiaib shopping. noKyuieHH|e [pakushenîya]
-OB biol sex;

<> npeKpacHbiH sex; cjiaSbiH 'sex.
noji...,
~
the
the
fair
weaker
element
noKpacHTb see KpacHXb noKpacHCTb see KpacHexb

krAvîtîl^styvat^]
1.
noji-... first
1.
of
compounds denoting 'haW:
noKpoBHTejibCTB|oBaTb [paimperf -yeuib, p -osaji, -yio, imp

patronize, protect. noKpbiBaji|o [pakrivala] n -a, bed-spread, counterpanei' veil {to protect or hide);
-yft
shawl. noKpbiB|aTb [pakrivat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, noKp|biTb [pAkrlt^] perf -oio, -oemb, p -biJi, imp -OH 1. cover (/) with a blanket, etc; 2) of snow,
nojinaca [palchî^sa] half an hour; nojiAepeBHH [paldî^rêvnî] half the village; noJi-oSopoxa [polAbArota] half-turn; nojiBioporo [palftArova] half past one. nojiarjaTb [palAgat^] imperf -aK), -aeiub think, believe, suppose, consider; a -âK), MTO... I think / suppose
that...;
<> Haflo
axb
/
it
is
to
be
supposed
believed.
noji
322
-aeuib
[cf
nojiarjaTbCfl
[pslAgattsa]
-aio,
nojiairi
1]
imperf -aeicH: sAecb KypHTb He ~aeTC5i one is not supfiosed to smoke here; no smoknghere; KaK ~aeTCH 1) properly, in a proper manner; 2) as required {by)\ sa bxoa ~aeTCH njiaxa admission requires payment; eMy ~aeTCH DHTb py6jieH five roubles is due to him, he is to have
five roubles. nojiar|aTbCJi II [paUgattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, no;io}K|HTbC5i [p9lAzhlttj9] perf
crawl, creep.
noji3|TH
-y,
[pAls^tî]
imperf
-euib,
-jia,
imp
-h,
nojnojiSTH [papAls^tî] perf a concrete movement in a 1 [cf nojidefinite direction saTb] 1. crawl, creep; 2. fig col crawl along, creep along
etc); 3. {of a car, fig col spread {of rumours). nojiMBJarb [palîvat^] im-aeujb, -aio, nojijurb perf [pAlÎt^] perf -bK), -beuib, p
nojiHJi
(-HJio),
-eft
(-HJi),
-HJia,
n6jiH.ao
-ycb, nojiojKHiiibCH, p -hjich, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -HTecb rely {upon); pin one's hopes (wpon). nojiAeHb [pold^m^] nojiyAHH (noJiAHH) noon, midday; nocjie nojiyAHH in the
nojiHJiH
(-hjih),
imp
water {flowers, etc); pour {some water, etc) upon. nojiMHMTb see JiHHHib 1.
-H
nojiMTHK|a [pAl^'itîka] / policy {a course of action);
afternoon.
nojije [p61^9] n -h, pi {also fig); -eft 1. field
-h,
politics;
BHyxpeHHHH
~a
home
mn-
poKoe
AeHTeJibHocTH wide sphere of action; 2. {mostly pi) margin (of a book, etc);
3.
~e
HHH noiHTHHecKlHH
ch'îskîy]
internal policy; Bneiii~a foreign policy.

/
.
[palîtî-oe,
-an,
-He
political.
pi brim {of a hat);
4.
phys
field;
the voice of one man is the voice of no one. nojie3H|biH [pAlêzniy] a sh f nojieseH, -a, -o, -bi useful, helpful; healthy, wholesome; ~aH Harpy3Ka technol pay(ing) load. nojieHJo [pApena] n -a, pi -bH, -bee log, billet. nojier [pAl^'ot, -d] -a, -OB flight {also fig); c (BbicoTbi) nTMHbero ~a ()> from a bird's-eye view. a6ji3\siTb [polzat^l imperf
OAMH B
~e
He BOHH prov
nojiMTb see nojiHBaTb. nOJlMT3KOH6MH|fl [pAPltekAnomîya] / -h political
economy.
nojiK [polk,
w.il
-g]
-a,
-6b
regiment.
n6ji|Ka [polka] / -kh, -ok shelf (/or things); KHH>KHaa ~Ka bookshelf; 2. rly berth. nojiKOBHHK [pAlkovn^'ik, -a, -ob colonel. -g]
1.
[palnAmonojiHOMOHHie chîya] n -h, -h power, authority {to do smth); cpoK
~H
CBOH
\
term of
office;
nepCAaxb
resign
KOMy-ji. one's commission to
~H
smb.
323
nojiHOCTLK)
noji
odv completely,
full;
[p61n9s^t^yu] wholly, in
-<> oHa B H she is in family way; Ha ebicoxe
tha
entirely. n6jiH04|b [polnach^, -j^] / (nojiyHOMH) midnight; b -H --b at midnight; ji,<iJieK6 sa
i;ejiHK6M H
to the mark; Bbixo;i h3 ~5i a way out; no lo 1) according to the regulations; 2) in accordance with smb's
up
'-b in the small hours. nojiHlbiH [polniy] a sh

nojiOH, -a, -o (-6), etc); full {backet, ]
-bi
[one's] position. nojio}KHTejibH|biH [palAzhftîl^nly] a'sh f nojioH^HTejien,

-a,
-o,
-bi
(-h)
1.
favourable
{es-
packed (hall, etc); 2. complete, total; B OM cocxase in a body,

in
full
strength {of a
group
timate, reply, etc); affirmative {answer, etc); 2. positive {character, results, etc); 3. phys positive;
<> -âa creneHb cpaBHeHua ling positive degree. nojiojKHTb see KJiacib. nojioKHTbCfl see nojiaraxL-
of people); 3. absolute {rest, perfect {security, etc); etc);

full,
etc);
complete {independence,
4.
stout {person);
plump
{child, etc); 5.: na at full speed; b UBexe cHji in the
xoAy CJI II. nojioMaTbcsi see JioMaxbCH. -cm pacnojioc|a [paJAsa] / -b'l, ace prime of one's life; b -~oh Mepe fully, -y (nojiocy), pi nojiocu, no-aM in full measure; jioc, 1, stripe; strap, asi qauia band; 2. zone, region, belt; 0 y HHX flOM
they live in plenty., 3. period, spell. nojioBHH|a [palAvîna] nojiocaT|uH [palAsatiy] a / -bi half; ~a qeiBepToro half sh f ^, -a, strip-bi -o, past three. ed. noji6r|HH [pAlogîy] a -an, nojiocK|aTb [palAskat^] imgentle, gradual, perf nojiomy, nojiomeuib, p -oe, -He imp nojioinH 1. rinse; gently sloping. -aji, nojio}KeHH|e [palAzhenîya] 2. gargle. n -H, -H 1. position, location; nojioTeHliê [paUt'entsa] n reorpa(|)HqecKoe ~e geograph- -ua,-eu towel; nocyAHoe ue
ical situation; 2. attitude, position, posture; 3. condiposition, state; situation, tion; standing, status; 6j\-
~om
CTBeHHoe
~e distress;
KaKOBo
'-e AGJi? how do matters stand?; 4. point, thesis; tenet; clause, provision {of a treaty, etc); 5. regulations, statute
{of elections,
etc);
dish-cloth, nojiOTH|6 [palAtno] n -a, pi nojioTHa, nojioxeH, nojioxHaM 1. linen {cloth made of flax); 2. rly permanent way, railway bed; 3. canvas {painting).
m &
nojixopa [paltAra] nam card n nojiyxopa, nojixopbi [paltAriJ / nojiyxopa one and
noji
324
p -HJiCH, -lijiacb turn out, pHcyHOK hjich xopouiHM the drawing is good / nam card nojiyTopacxa one turned out to be good; H3 SToro HHqero He hundred and fifty. ~aeTcji element nojiy... first of nothing comes of it. compounds denoting 1. 'half: nojiyHHTb see nojiynaxb.
a
half;
a..:
one... and a half, a half. [paltArasta] nojiTOpacxa
and
CH, be;
nojiyKpyr [palukruk,
icircle;
-g]
sem-
nojiyofiopoT [poUi2. half-turn; AbArot, -d] 'partially', 'not completely': [palugranOviyrpaMOTHbiH matniy] semi-literate; no;iy-
nojiyHHTbCfl see nojiyqaiLCH. nojiy4|Ka [pAluch^ka] / -KH, -eK col 1. pay {salary,
wag^s);
salary);
cline
rejie>KaTb [palulî^zhat*'] (lean); 3. 'half-mixed with smth': noJiyiiiepCTb [p^lushers^t^, -z^d^] wool mix-
payment (of waget, pay-day; b -~Ky on pay-day; after pay-day.

2.
nojiyiuapHle
[palusharîya]
/
-bi
-H,
-H
hemisphere.
use
nojibsja [pol^'za]
(of
ture, not all wool.

-H,
doing smth); benefit (adof
nojiyroAHle [palugod^'iya] n -H half-year, six months. [paluostraf, nojiyocTpOB -6b penin-a, pi -a, -v]
vantage, good); ~y do good, be

of benefit; y in <> B
npHHocHTb use, be
(of),
favour
for;
it
in
sula.
behalf
(of),
axo He roBOdoes not do
nojiynpoBOflHHK [polupraVAd^nîk, -g] m -a, -6b phys semiconductor.

nojiyH|aTb [paluch^'at^] //n*. perf -aio, -aeiiib, nojiyH|MTb no.ny[paluch^'it''] perf -y,
MHiiib,
pHx B ero
~y
him
-HJi,
imp
-H
get,
receive (1) presents, orders, etc); etc; 2) an education, obtain; acquire (a s/e///); take
in (a
credit. n6jib3|oBaxbCJi [p6l^zavattsD] imperf -yiocb, -yembCH, imp p -oBajicH, -oBajiacb, -yHCH, -yiixecb, Bocinojibso[vAspol^'zavattsa] BaxbCJi perf 1. use, make use (of); profit (by); perf also take advantage (of), avail oneself
(of);
newspaper,
etc);
~HTb
oBaxbCH cjiyqaeM take

2.
BbiroBop [saMenaHHe] be reprimanded; -aTb yjioBOJibCTBHe derive pleasure; riib
an opportunity;
(no perf)
enjoy (rights, smb's
confidence
M3BecTH0CTb become
etc); 3. (no perf): oBaxbCH known; asxopHxexoM have authority become famous; ~HTb orjiac- (with); have prestige (with); Ky become known; be given oeaxbCH ycnexoM be a suc-
publicity. cess. nojiyHJaTbCH [paluch''atts9] n6^bK|a I [p6i^ka] / -h, pi imperf -aexcH, nojiyHJHTbCfl -H, nojieK, -aM Polish woman; [paluch'îttsaj perf nojiymii- Polish girl.
S25
-Huib,
noM
p
-hji,
nojibRJa II [pol^ka] / -h, pi -H, nojieK, -a.M polka (a dance). a [p61^skîy] nojibCKJHH -an, -oe, -He Polishi nOJIbCTHTb see JIbCTHTb. nojiK)6|MTb [pd\ûbîi^]perf -jiK), noJiib6Hiub, p -HJi,' imp grow fond of, come to -H love; fall in love with. nojiK)6oBaTbCfl see jik)6o-
noMemy,
-H
1.
imp
in-
place, put, locate;
vest [money)', 2. accommodate, put up, lodge; 3. carry
a newspaper etc). noMem|aTbC5i [pamî^sh^tdttja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiiibCH, noMecTJHTbCJi Ipamî^s^'tî{of

,
ttsa]
perf noMemycb, -HLUbCH,

1.
BaXbCH.
nojiioc
[polûs,
-z]
-a,
-HJiacb, imp -HCb, find room; go in {of things); 2. {no perf) be, be situated, be located.
-HJicH,
-HTecb
pi -bi, -OB pole (1) of earth; 2) phys\ 3) fig treme).

nojiflK
the ex-a,
[pAPak,
-g]
-oB Vo\q {a native of Poland). nojinH|a [pAlânaj / -u, glade, clearing; jiecHan ~a glade. nojiflpHHK [pAlârnîk, -g] -a, -OB Arctic worker. nojiflpHMH [pAlârniy] a polar, arctic; FIoJinpnaH sBe3Aa the North Star.
noMemeHH|e fp9mî^sh^:enîya] H, -H 1. placing, location {the act of); 2. premises, housing; apartment, room, lodging; jkhjioc -~e living accommodation, habitable premises. noMemHK [pAmêsh^:ik, -g] -a, -OB landlord, lord of the manor. noMHJiop [pamîdor] -a,
-OB tomato.
noMCHflTb see MeH^fb 1, 2. noMeHflTbcsi seeMeHHTbCJi 2. noMecTHTb see- noMemarb-.
noMecTHTbcq
CH
1.
see
noMemaibI.
noMHJi|oBaTb [pAmîlavat^] -yemb, p -oBaji, -yio, imp -yfi pardon, forgive. noMHMO [pAmîma] prep with gen denoting 1. 'in adperf
dition to'lABeKHHrH 3T0fi two books besides this one; ApyrHX coo6pa>KeHHH apart from other considerations; 2. 'excluding' or 'notwithstanding, in spite of: sto Menn this 6biJio CAeJiaHo
noMCTHTb
noMexja
pi
-H,
MexHTb [pAmêkha]
see
hindrance, obstacle; 6biTb ~oH stand in the way, hinder, be a hindrance; 2. pi interference {in
1.
/ -h,
radio).
was done without my knowlnoMciuaTb I see Memajb I. edge; nojiymiTb o6pa30BaHHe noMeuiaxb II see MeuiaTb ^ mKojiH receive an educa1.
II
noMeiul^Tb [pamîsh':at'] imperf -^ro, -aemb, noMeCT|HTb [pamî^s^tît^] perf
tion without attending school; ero bojih in spite of himself. nOMHpHTb see MHptiXb,
..
noM
S26
nOMbIXbC5I see MblXbCH.
nOMHpHTbCfl SeeMHpHTbCH 1. noMHJHTb [p6mnît^[ imperf -K), -HiiJb, p -Hji, imp -H remember, bear in mind. nOMHOWHTb see MHOn^HTb 1 noMorjaTb [pamAgat^] imperf -aro, -aeuib, noM|6Hb
noMaxb
see
MHXb
2.
noMxbC5i see MHXbca. noHaAo6|HXbC5i fpAnadab'I* tts9] perf -Jiiocb, -HiiibCH, p

-HjicH,
-HJiacb
col;
euy
[eft
[pAmoch^j perf -ory, -ojKeinb, -oryT, p -or, -orjia, imp -ofh

assist, aid; 2. 1. help, relieve (of a medicine); help (be of use); sto He noM6>KeT Aejiy this won't mend matters.
1.
u m. d.] 3X0 He -'HJiocb he [she, etc] did not need this; MHe [eMy u m. d.] He
--HJiocb
to
etc] didn't
go
HAXH xyAa I [he, need [didn't have] there; saêM xe6e
no-MoeMy IpAmoyamu] adv to my mind, in my opinI
think (that...); 2. as I it; in acco'rdance with my suggestion / advice. noM6|H [pAmoi] pi -eB slops (liquid garbage); ~JIMH Koro-Ji. <> 06jIHBaTb col throw / sling mud at smb noMOJiOjieTb see MOJioêxb.
ion;
Aejiaxb sxo? what did you do it for?, you shouldn't have done it; ecjiH HXCH if necessary.
Hjiocb
would have
noHCAejibHHK [panî^dêPnîk, -g]
-a,
-ob
Monday.
noHeMHory
adv
time);
1.
little,
2.
[pan^'i^mnogu] a little (at a
little by little. noHecxH see hccxh 1, 2, 3. noHecxHCb see necxHCb 1.
noMOHb see noMorarb. [pAmoshnîk, noMOiUHHK

-g]
er,
-a, -ob
help;
mate
AHpeKTopa tor; - KaoHTaHa naut mate.
assistant; help(a helper);-^ assistant direc-
noMOii^lb [pomash^:, -zh^:] assistance, aid; / -H help, relief (to the poor, etc); oKasbiBaib help, give help,
~b
render assistance; ~b na aoMy out relief, home visiting (medical) service; 6e3 nocxopoHHeft ^H unassisted; Ha
noHHJKJaxb [panîzhat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, noHMslHxb noHH>Ky, [pAnîzît^] perf -Huib, p -Hji, imp -b 1. lower (1) rents, etc; 2) one's' voice); reduce (prices, speed, etc); 2. col demote, degrade. noHHMlaxb [panîmat^] im-aemb, noHJnxi* -aK), perf [pAnât^j perf nOHMy, noftMeuib, p noHHJi, -HJia, nonoHHJiH, imp hohmh HHJio, understand, comprehend; 1. realize (one's mistakes, etc);
-b!
<>
help!;
/
noflaxb
npoTMHyxb
pyny
a helpr
~H
{of).
KOMy-ji. give
smb
/
c bio ing hand; npH ~h with the help (of), by means
nOMblTb see MblXb.
aio!, noHHji! I seel; h sac aio I understand you; noHHXb I can see your point; HaMCK take a hint; 2. (no MysbiKe s ~axb perf): [b HCKyccTse u m. n.\ be a
sic;
~axb MysbiKy understand mu-
327
good
etc].
judge
of
music
[art,
ner;
no-HOBOMy [pAnovamu] adv

in a
new
fashion.
-z]
fac nonajio anywhere (denoting position); KyAa nonajio anywhere (denoting direction); KOMy nonajio to
<>
noHoc [pAnos, diarrhea.
-a
med anybody;
nonacTb BnpocaK
in,
col
noHpaBHTbCfl
CH.
see
HpasHTb-
taken
be
trapped;
be put
noHibxaTb see HibxaTs.

noHflTHle [pAnâtîya] n -n, -H 1. philos conception; 2. idea, notion; pacxHHCHMoe ~e loose concept; hh MaJieftiuero H 6 MeM-Ji. not the slightest
it; one's foot in nonacTb najibucM B He6o col take/ have the wrong sow by the
ear.
nonaAlaTbcn imperf -aiocb,
[papAdattsa]
-aeuibCH, no-
najCTbCfl [pApastsa] perf idea/ notion of smth. -Aycb, -AeujbCH, p -jicH, -jiacb, noHHTHO [pAnâtna] impers imp -AHCb, -AHiecb 1. be predic it is clear; I see. caught, be taken; nonacTbCH noHflTb see noHMMaib 1. c nojiHMHbiM be caught rednooSeflaxb see o6e;iaTb. -handed; 66;ibiiie He ~aHCH nona^laTb [papAdat^] im- don't let me [him, etc] catch perf -aio, -aeuib, nonajcTb you again; 2. col: mhc no[pApas^t''] perf -j\,y, -Aeuib, p najiCH no Aopore JiHUJb oahh Ji, imp -AH 1. hit (the mark, êjioBCK on the way I met / etc); 2. get (somewhere); find ran into only one man; oneself (somewhere); nonacTb <> nonacTbcsi KOMy-ji. ua Ha noeoA [na asToSyc u m.n.] rjiasa catch smb's eye; nepcatch a train [bus, etc]; Kan BbiH nonaBiuHHCJi the first nonacTb na BOKsaji? what's person one comes across, anythe way to the station?, how body; HTO ~-eTCfl col anycan I get to the station?; thing. KyAa 3T0 H nonaji? col where nonacTb see nonaAaib. on earth am I?; nonacxb noA nonacTbcsi see nonaAaxbAOJKAb be caught in the rain; CH. nonacTb b njien be taken nonepcK [papî^rôk, -g] prisoner; nonacTb noA cyA be adv & prep with gen across brought to trial; 3. col be (from side to side); admitted (to); 4. impers col: <> (B)cxaxb KOMy-ji. ~ ropjia eMy [efi u m. d.] nonaAex! he col stick in smb's throat. [she, etc] will catch it!; eMy [pap'î^chênoneqeHH|e [eft u m. d.] nonajio he [she, nîya] n -h: Ha ~h in the etc] caught it; he [she, etc] charge HMexb kofo-ji. (of); has caught it; 5. (no imperf) Ha ~H have smb to take care col: KaK nonajio anyhow, of; ocxaBHXb Ha Hbe-Ji. ' carelessly, in a slipshod inan- leave in smb's care.
non
nono.aaM [papAlam] adv
328
1.
nonp66oBaTb
eaxb.
see
np66o-
into two in two, in half, parts; 2. mixed (with smt'h

fifty-fifty)-
nonpocHTb
CH.
see
npocHXb.
nonpoiu,aTbC5i see
npomajb-
nonojisTH see noJiaiH. nonpafiHTb see nonpasjisTb. nonpaBHTbcsi see nonpaeJlHTbCH.
nonyraJH
[papugay]
-a,
nonpaelKa [pAprafka]
-OK
1.
/ -kh,
correction
2.
{of
a mis{to
-en parrot. nonyjiflpHlbiH [papul^'arniy] a sh f nonyjiapcH, -a, -o, -u popular (poet, etc).
take, etc);
amendment
a resolution, etc); 3. col recovery {of health); êjio hact Ha ~Ky he [slie, etc] is on the way to recovery. nonpaB;i|flTb [paprAvlâf*] imperf -hio, -Heiub, nonpaB|HTb [pAprav'it''] perf -jiio,
-HLUb,
nonyTH|biH [pAputniy] a: ~biH Bexep fair wind; ~aH MauiHHa passing car; oe aaMenaHHe passing remark. nonyTHHK [pAput''ch'*ik, -g]
-a,
-OB fellow-traveller.
repair,
take'i,
iix, p -HJi, imp -b mend; 2. correct {mis-
a person,
etc);
put (smb)
right; 3. put straight, adjust, readjust; smooth {one's hair); 4. improve, better; restore (one's health); mend (finances, things in general). noHpaBji|flTbcsi [paprAVI'attsa] imperf -flKx:b, -HeiubnonpaB|HTbcsi CH, [pAprav'ittsa] perf -jiKXb, -HUJbCH, p -HJicH, -HJiacb, imp -bCH, -bxecb 1. correct oneself; 2. improve, become better; 3.
nonbiraTbCH see nbixaibCH. nonhiT|Ka [pApttka] / -kh, -OK attempt, endeavour. nonflTHTbcii '^see nHTHTbCH. nopja [pAral / -bi, ace nopy, pi gen ~ time, period; BenepHeH '--o'a of an eveI
ning;
II
impers predic it is time do smth); eaM ~a cêjiaxb 3T0 it is time you did it; <> c KaKHx ~? since when?; c rex since then; ao KaKMX ? till when?, till what time?; ao rex --, noKa un* til; as long as; jig chx ~- 1) up till / to now; hitherto; 2) get well, recover; perf also up to this point; up to here; be well again; 4. put on c xex , KaK ever since; weight, gain weight. c AaBHHx long, for a long no-npe)KHeMy nepobix ~ax at [pApr^'ezh- time; na n*'imu] adv as before; as first; AG ~bi, flo speivieHH
(to
usual.
until
[p6pr''ish'':8] field; rife,
a certain time;
for the
nonpHmie
of -a walk $TOM ~e in this walk of Ha HayMHOM - e in the
n Ha
time being.
nopawjaxb
perf
-HUJb,
-aio,
[parAzhat''] im-
life;
-aeujb,
nopa3|Hxb
nopaîy,
-H
1.
field
[parAZ^'it'']
perf
of science.
-HJI,
imp
mil
329
nop
h'li (the target, etc); 2. affect, strike (of an illness); 3. strike, stagger; impress startle; greatly; amaze.
nopoceH|oK [parAsônak, -gj -Ka, pi nopocHxa, nopoCHx sucking-pig, piglet.
nopox [porakh,
(-y)
-gh]
-a
nopa>KeHH|e [parAzhenîy?]
-H,
-H defeat (the act of de-
feating);
inflict a defeat
HaHecTH ~e defeat, upon.
[parAzînopasHxejibHlbiH tîl^niy] a sh f nopasHieJieH, -s, -o, -bi striking, startling;
(gun)powder. nopoHH|biH [pAroch^'niy] a sh f nopoqeH, -a, -o, -bi 1. depraved, vicious; wanton (woman); 2. faulty, fallacious. nopoui|6K [parAshok, -g] m
-Ka, -KoB
powder
(a fine sub-
stance); amazing; staggering. <> nopasHTb see nopajKaib. cxepexb Koro-ji. b --ôk nopearb see nopbiBaxb & grind smb to dust. pBaib I 1, 3. nopx [port, -d] m -a, pi nopejaaTb [pArêzat^] perf bi, -OB port, harbour. -Mcy, -JKeuib, nopxJHXb [portît''] imperf p -3aJi, imp nopqy, -HUib, p -hji, imp -b, -)Kb 1. cut [one's finger, etc); HcinopxHXb [isporf'it^] perf 2. cut (into pieces); slice.
HacxpoeHHe KOMy-ji. smb, put smb into a xecb cut oneself. bad mood; HcnopxHXb mejiynopHi;aHH|e [par^'itsanîya] AOK upset the stomach. n -H, -H blame, reproach, n6px|HXbcsi [portîttsa] imreprimand; censure, reproof; perf nopqycb, -HmbCH,^p -h;iBbiHecFH e reprimand; cen- CH, -Hjiacb, HcinopxHXbCfl [issure; AocTOHHbiH -H repre- port^'ittsa] perf 1. rot, go bad
^-HXb
CH,
nope|3aTbCJ! [pArêzattsa] perf -jKycb, -:HêiiibCH, p -aaji-aajiacb,
spoil; corrupt (a person, etc);
imp
-<bCH,
-mh- upset
hensible.
[poravnu] equally, in equal parts tions; into equal parts

tions.
nopOBHy
adv
/
(of food-stuffs); 2. spoil, get spoilt; 3.: noroAa ~Hxca the
porpor-a,
nopor
-OB
2.
1.
[pArok, threshold
-g]
changing for the Hero HcnopxHJiocb HacxpoeHHe he has lost his good spirits, he is in a bad
is
weather
worse;
{also
fig);
mood.
nopxHHxja
[pArtn^'ikha]
/
rapid(s). nopoflja [pAroda] / -w, 1. breed, species, race; 2. kind, sort, type; 3. geol rock.
H, -- dressmaker. nopxHJoJf [pArtn6y]

-bix
-ore,
tailor.
[pAftr^'et,
-d]
nopoK
-OB
2.
0"
1.
[pArok, -g] -a, vice (moral fault);

vice,
fault;
nopxpex
-a,
m
m
defect,
cepAUa med heart
dis-
-OB portrait, picture. nopxcHrap [parts^'igar] -a, -OB cigarette case.
ease.
nopryrajileu
[partugalî^f,
nop
-dz]
m
-bua,
330
aji,
-bucB
Portu[partu-He
[pArvat^] perf -y, -eiub, p
guese.
imp
-an,
-oe,
-H
break
(off)
{with).
nopTyrajibCK|HH
gaPskMy] a
Portuguese.
nopT(t)ejilb
-H,
-eft
I.
nopbiBHCT|biH [pAr J v^'istty] a sh f '^, -a, -0, -bi 1. gusty {wind); 2. jerky {movements);
3.
[pArtPel^]
impetuous {people).
nopflAJoK -KB, -KOB
[pAr^'adak,
t.
brief-case; papcr-case; 2. portfolio. no-pyccKH [pArusk'î] adv
-gj
order
{in a
[hhRussian; roBopHTb caib] -^ speak [write] Rusin
sian.
room, in public places, etc); npHBOAHTb B OK put in ornpHBoder, arrange, tidy; AHTb ce6H B -OK tidy oneself
nopyHJaTb imperf -aio,

H'lHTb
[paruch'*at^]
-aeuib,
-HJi,
up;
CJieAHTb sa
kom
nopyperf
-y,
[p9ruch''it*']
nopyMHiiib, p
ciiarge
imp
-h
with smth), entrust ( smb with smth); instruct (smb to do smth). [paruchênopyHeHHJe nîya] n -h, -ii commission, errand; mission; message; jxaeaxb -e charge (smb with smth), instruct {smb to do smthy, cliarge witii a mission; no kd authorized {by); af {smb'<i) request, on
-^
{smb
out of order; there is smth wrong with; 2. order, sequence; no Ky in succession, in turn, one after another / the other; B Ke onepejiH in turn; waiting until one's turn; 3. procedure {of voting, etc); OK padoTbi procedure, rou-
keep order; He b
~Ke
the instructions {of); on behalf {of).
nopywHTb see nopyqaxb. nopyHHTbCM see pyqaTbCH.

n6pUH|5i fportjiya] / -h, portion {of food, etc); helping {of food). nopMla [porchâ] / -h spoil-H
06H3aTeJlbH0M Ke tine; B fail; obligatorily; without opraHHSOBaHHbiM KOM in an organized manner; b AHCKycCHOHHOM Ke open to discussion {of an article); b Ke KyjibiypHoro o6MeHa by way of cultural exchange; b kc o6cyHCAeHHH as a matter for discussion; b ycTanoBJieHHOM Ke in accordance with established procedure; tem, regime, order;
<>
4.
sys-
ing,
damage.
npH3BaTb
Koro-Ji.
ny
~is
n6pu]|eHb [porshan^]
-HCH technol
m -hh, m
call
smb
is
to order;
ece b
pistpn; sucker. nopUB [pArIf, -v] -a, -OB 1. gust, rush; 2. fit, gust, burst; 6jiarop6AHbiH noble
KC all
all
well, everything
right.
impulse. nophiBlaTb-[parivat''] im-aeuib, nopBJaTb perf -aio,
nopnjiGHHibiH [pAr^'adach'*nty] a sh" f nopHAOMen, -a, honest, re-0, -bi 1. decent, considerable 2. spectable; {distance, etc).

noca^HTb
331
see cajKarh. nocaflJKa [pAsatke] / -kh, -OK 1. planting (of trees, boarding, entrainetc); 2. raent; embarkation {of passengers); BHHMaHHe! HaMHHaeTCH -^Ka! attention! passengers are invited to take their seats!; 3. av landing; BbiHyjKAeHHan Ka forced landing; coBepiuHTb ---Ky make a landing, land.
cejiJHxbCJi [pasî^Pittja] ;9er/ -K)Cb, -l5mbCH, p -HJICH, -H-jiacb,
tle,
imp -HCb, -Hxecb settake up one's residence {somewhere).

nocepeAHHC [pasîrî^dîI adv in the middle; prep with gen in the mid-
nîj
II
dle of. nocexHxejijb tîP] -H, caller; guest.
-eft
[pas'i^tîvisitor,
in
no-CBocMy [pAsvoyamu] adv one's own way / mannocBJiTHTb see nocBjimaTb.
nocexHXb see nocemaxb. nocem|axb [pasî^sh^:at^]

imperf -aio, -aeuib, nocexJHXb [pasî^tît^] perf noceiny, -Hiub, p -HJi, imp -h
1.
ner.
nocB5mi,|aTb fpas^vî^sh^:at^] imperf -aio, -aemb, nocBHT|HTb [pas^vî^tît^j
visit
{friends,
museums,
etc); call
on {go
to see); 2. at-
perf nocBHiAy, -Hiub,
-hji,
imp
-H
1.
initiate
{into),
2. devote, dedicate {oneself, one's life to smth); 3. dedicate {a book,
let {into);
tend {lectures, etc). nocejixb see cenxb. nocKOjib3H|yxbC5![ paskAPz-ycb, -euibCH, nuttâ] perf
-yjiCH,
-yjiacb,
etc).
-Hxecb
hold).
slip
{lose
imp -HCb, one's footcj
-OB
2.
noccB [pAsêf, -v] m -a, 1. sowing {of seeds); crops {products grown,
nocKOjibKy
[pAskol^ku]
sprouts).
noceBHOH [pasî^vnoy] a m sowing {campaign, area, etc). voy.

noceflCTb see ce^êxb. nocejiHTb see nocejiHTb. nocejiHTbcsi see nocejiHxbCH. nocejijoK IpAsôbk, -g] m -Ka, -KOB settlement, small town. [pasî^lât^] noccilflxb -aeuib, noceimperf -hk), jiJHxb [pasî^lît^j perf -ib,
so long as; since, as, fpAslan^nîk, nocjiaHHPiK -ob minister, en-a, -g]
nocjiaxb see nocbiJiaxb. nocjie [pos^Pi] I adv afterwards, later (on);

II
prep
with
gen
or
denoting
'next
in
'later in time'
order':
BepnyxbCH
after
five;
cocxoHXCH ~ saH^XHft the meeting will be held after -iiiub, p -HJi, imp -H settle classes; -^ co6paHMH 6yAex (people); lodge {people). KOHuepx the meeting will be noceji|^xbcn [pas^'i^l^'attsa] followed by a concert; oh imperf -^locb, -aembCH, no- ymeji ^ Bcex he was the
return
naxH coSpaHHe
noc
332
nocjiywHTb
nocjiyuiaTb
see c;iy:HTb.
h He BHAeJi last to leave; ero BQSBpameHHH I ero ~ haven't seen him since he returned; -^ ccero after all; when all is said and done.
see
cjiymarb
1,
3.
nocjiyuiaTbCJi see cjiymaTbCH.
element of 'later denoting than the period indicated by the second element': noc;ie[pas^'PivAyenniy] BoeHHbiH post-war; nocJieo6eAeHHbiH
nocjie...
first
compounds
nocjiyiuHihiH [pAslushniy] a sh f nocjiyiueH, -a, -o, -bi
obedient, dutiful. nocMexb see CMeib.
nocMOTpeTb
1,
see
CMorpeib
2,
3,
4,
5.
[pas^l^'iAbêd'^miy] after-dinner.
{page, day, etc); B ~HH pa3 for the last time; last time; ~ero ao BpeMCHH until recently; 2. new, the latest; 3, the latter {opposite of the former); 4. worst, lowest {grade, kind,
n''iy]
etc);
nocjieAHJHH a 1. last
[pAs^l^'ed''-
noc66H|e [pAsob^'iya] n -h, 1. grant, allowance; benefit, relief {for unemployed, etc); 2. textbook, manual, study guide; yqe6Hbie -~h
-H
teaching
pliances; ual aids,
aids;
training apHarJiHAHbie h vissee
nocoBeTOBaTb
BaTb.
coBeiocoBe-jia,
pyraxbCH
use
foul
~hmh
cjio-
nocoBeTOBaTbCM
TOBaibCH.
nocjoji
-JioB
see
BaMH
language;
so-
~ee Aejio col the worst lution.

nocjieAOBaTeji|b
davat^îl^l
er,
[pAsol]
[pAs^'lê-efi
-h,
follow-
adherent. noc;ieAOBaTejibH|biH
ambassador; qpesBbiMaHHblfl H nOJIHOMOMHblH ~6ji ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary.

nocojiHTb see cojiHxb. noc6jibCTB|o [pAsoPstva]
[pA-
s''i*'ed8vatîPniY] a sh f nocjieAOBaiejieH, -a, -o, -bi 1. successive, consecutive; 2. consistent {person). nocjieziOBaTb see cJieôBaxb
1,
-a, ~ embassy. nocneB|aTb I vai^] imperf -aex,
[p9s''p*'i^-
nocn|eTb
ripen,
[pAs^p*'et''l
perf -eer
ripe.
2,
3.
get ripe,
grow
nocjieACTBHJe [pAs''l''etjt*nocneBJarb II [pas*'p''i^vîya] n -h, -h consequence, vat**] imperf -aio, -aeuib. sequel; ~h 6o;ie3HH after-ef- nocnjCTb [pAs'^p^'et^] perf fects of an illness. -eio, -eemb col be in time nocjiesaBTpa nocnexb Ha [pas'^l'î^zaf- {for); noesA train; axb aa tra] adv the day after tomor- catch the
row.
nocji6BHij,|a
-bi.
KeM-ji.
[pAslov'îtja] /
keep up with smb. riocneTb I see nocneeaxb

see
I.
proverb, saying.
nocneTbll
nocneaaTb
II.
333
nocneuiH|biH [pAs^'p'eshniy] a sh f nocnemcH, -a, hasty, hurried, -o, -bi 1. prompt; 2. thoughtless, rash, hasty.
I
noc
nocTaHOBUTb
JlHTb.
/ -Kii,
see
nocTanoB-
nocnopHTb see cnopHTb. nocpe^H [pasrî^dî] adv way

in the middle;
in the
[pastAnôfka] -OK 1 theat production; staging; play, performance; 2,: Ka Bonpoca the
nocraHOBlKa
midst,
amidst;
II
prep with gen
in the
mid-
dle of.
nocpeAHHK
-g]
fpAsr^'ed^nîk,
a question is formulated; statement of a question; ~Ka AeJia the way of doing things; organization {of work, etc). nGCTaHOBjieHH|e [pastanAvlênîya] n -h, -m decision,
mediator, intermediary; negotiator, go-between. nocpeflCTBeHH|wH fpAsrêtjtv^mty] a sh f nocpeACTBeH, -a, -o, mediocre; -bi satisfactory {mark). [pAsrêtjtnocpeflCTBOM
-a,
-ob
resolution; decree. nocTaHOBJijiiTb [p^stanAvl^'at'^] imoerf -r\o, -aeiub, nocTaHOBJMTb [pastanAvît^] nocraHOBHiUb, p p_erf -jiK), -YiJi, imp -H decree, enact; de-
cide, resolve.
nocTapaTbcsi
CH.
see
CTapaib-
vam] prep with gen by means of; by the use of.

noccopHTbCfl see
CH.
nocTapexb
nocxejiMXb
-efl
see
ccopHTb-
cxapexb 1. co/=nocxjiaTb.
nocT
[post,
-zd]
-a,
-6b post (1) guard', 2) job,

fice);
mil station, position, of-
nocxejijb [pAs^'t^'el''] / -h, 1. bed, bed-elothes; 2. bed {with bedding); Bcxaxb c ~H get up, get out of bed.
CTOHTb Ha ~y be at one's post; be on point-duty.
nocxencHHo
little.
[pas^'t^'i^p^'enlittle
na] adv gradually,
by
nocT
Lent.
II
-6b fast,
[post, -zd] -a, fasting; BeJiHKHH
nocxecHflxbCfl see cxecHHXb-
CH
I
2.
nocraBHTb nocTaBHTb
JIHTb.
see
II
craBHTb. see nocraB-
nocTaB|KH [pAstafk**!] pi -ok: rocyAapCTBeHHbie -^kh state deliveries, deliveries to the state.
[pastAvPat^] imperf -hk), -Heuib, nocxaBfHTb [pAstavît^] perf -jiio, -Huib, p -wji, imp -b supply,
nocTaB.n|^Tb
deliver.
nocxjiaxb see cxjiaxb. nocxojibKy [pAstoPku] cj inasmuch as; in so far as, <> ^, nocKOJibKy so far as.
nocxopOHHlHH
nîy]
ple)',
I
[pastAron''-
2.
strange {peooutside {matters, as\.
irrelevant; sistance, etc); ~ee xejio foreign substance/
body;
II
as a H H
noun
-ero,
nocTop6H-hx
stranger;
noc
outsider;
334
nocTyHaxb see cxyâxb I. nccxyHaxbCH see cxyâxbCH.
hm bxoa BocnpemcH no admittance.

nocTo^HH;b!H [postAyanniy] a '^h f nocTOHHeH, -a, -o, -bi pe-'manent; constant; contintous; regular {visitor, army,
etJ)
nocy;i|a [pASuda] -bi / plates and dishes; MaHHan ~a tea-things; KyxoHHan a
-K),
nocTo|flTb [pastAyat^] perf -Huib, p -HJT, imp no1. stand (for a wiiile); stand up (for), upliold; nocT6H(Te)! wait a min-
CTOH
2.
3.:
ute!;
stop!
nocTpaAaxb see cxpaAaib 2. nocTpHHb see cxpH^b. nOCTpHHbCfl see CTpHWbCH nocTpoeHHle [pastrAyenîya] n -si building, construction (of
kitchen utensils; cxeKJiHHHan -â glassware; 4)ap4)6poBaH ~a china. nocHHxaxbcsi see CMHxaxbCH 1. nocbiJi|axb [pasilat^] im-aeuib, nocji|axb perf -aK), [pAslat^] perf nouijiib, nomjieuib, p -aji, imp noiujiH send (a letter, etc; smb or for smb); dispatch (send off).
nocbiJiJKa [pAstlka] / -kh, -OK 1. sending (of a letter, etc); 2. parcel (for the post).
communism, etc). nocbinaxb see nocwnaxb. nocTpoHTb <:ee cxpoHTb. nocbinjaxb [pasipat^J imnocTp6HK|a [pAstroylo] / -H, nocTpoeK 1. building, conperf -ara, -aeuib, nocbin|axb
[pASi'pat^]
structing, construction, erection;

2.
perf
-jik),
-jiemb,
building
(a
thing
-aj\,
imp
-b sprinkle,
strew,
-OB o6jih-
built).
nocxynlaTb [pastupat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, nocryn|HTb [pastupît^] perf -j{\b,

nocTynHUJb, p -hji, imp -h 1. act, behave; KaK HaM xenepb HTb? what shall we do now?; 2. treat (smb in some
enter (the universietc), join (the army, etc)', take on (a job);
juay);
3.
powd&r (smth with smth). nox [pot, -d] m-a(-y),

sweat,
perspiration;
Bancb --OM running /wet with sweat; <> ~-0M H KpoBbK) in blood and sweat; e ~ejiHi;a in the sweat of one's brow. no-xBoeMy [pAtvoyamu]
ty,
school,
adv corresp -BameMy] 1,

in
(that...);
2,
to xbi [cf noto your mind,
~aTb Ha pa66Ty go
get a
job;
4.
to work;
your opinion,
as
be
received,
in; '-aib b npoAa>Ky be on sale, be in the market; axb B npoH3B6;icxBO go into production. nocxynloK [pAstupak, -g] m -Ka, pi -KH, -KOB act, deed, action; also behaviour. pi
come
have it; in your suggestion advice; nycxb 6yflex ~ let it be your way, have it your own way. noxeM|KH fpAt*'6mk''i] pi
/
you think you would accordance with
-OK darkness, the dark.

perf
-JiK),
335
for,
for,
noTCMHeTb seereMHeTb 1, 2. noTepn|eTb [patî^^rpêt'']

noTepnHuib, p -eji, be patient, keep some one's patience {for time); 2. suffer {damages, a de-
cause, because,
as; as.
-'...,
mxo
imp
-H
1.
noxoHyxb see xoHyxb. noxonMxb see xonnxb III. noxoponHxb seexoponnxb 1.

noxoponHxbCJi xoposee DHXbCH. noxoHHlbiH [pAtoch^niy] a: ~a5i jiHHHH production jline; producline ~biH MexoA
feat,etc)\
3.
noiepnexb Kopa6.ne-
be sliipwrecked; neg sentences, mostly in fut) stand, tolerate; h He -JIK) SToro I won't stand / tion. noxpaxHXb tolerate it.
{in
KpymeHHe
norepiji
p/ -H,
-b
[pAtêrâ]
1.
-h,
loss {of
smth);
waste {of time); ~h Tpyôcnoc66HOCTH disability {the n'îya] n -h consumption, use. {mostly pi) state 2. noxpe6jilflxb [patrî^bPat^] of); losses; casualties; h b mu- imperf -hio, -neiub consume, BOH CHJie H xexHHKe losses use. noxpe6HOCx|b [pAtrêbin manpower and materiel. nas^t^, -z^d^j / -h necessity, norepflTb see Tepnib. noTepflxbCH see xepHTbcn. requirement, need; demand noTJCTb [pAtêt^] imperf {for raw materials, etc). noxpe6oBaxb -eio, -eeiiib, BcjnoTeTb [fspAsee xpeSotêt^] perf 1. sweat, perspire; 2. {no perf) fig col toil {at),
see xpaxHXb. noxpe6Hxeji|b [patr^'i^b'''tîP] m -H, -eft consumer. noxpe6jieHH|e [patrî^bPe-
Baxb.
grind (away)
{at).
noxpeSoBaxbcji BaXbCH.
see
see
xpe6o-
noTHxoHbKy [pat^'ikhon^'ku] adv col 1. slowly; gradually; 2. noiselessly, silently; on the sly, secretly, by stealth. noTOK [pAtok, -g] m -a,
-oB stream, torrent, current, flow {also fig). noTOji|6K [patAlok, -g] -Ka, -KOB ceiling. noTOJicxeTb see xojicxexb, noxoM [pAtom] adv then, afterw?[rds; later (on).
noxpeB6}KHxb
CHXb
2.
xpeBo-
noxpsicaK)m|HH [patrî^sa-an, -ee, yush^:iy] a [pa] -He tremendous, staggering;

startling.
noxyxHyxb
noxyiuHXb
3,
see
xyxnyxb
I.
see xyuiHXb.
see see
noxsiHyxbCJi
5.
XHHyxbCH
noywHHaxb
yjKHHaxb.
nox6McxB|o [pAtomstva]
-a posterity.
noxBa./i|a [pakhvAla] / -bi, noxBaji praise, commendation;

C
'-OH
0X03BaXbCH
noxoMy [patAmu]
cj that's
II
adv
&
why;
c/:
as
part of
qio be-
o KOM-Ji.^ praise smb, speak favourably of smb, noxBajiHxb see xBajiHxb.
nox
noxeaÛTbCfl
Cfl.
336
see xeajiHTb-
KOMy-ji.
~H
smb.
soil
wave
kiss to
noxBacTaibCfl
cxaTbCji.
see
xsa-
noxHiHTb see noxHiuaib. noxHimaxb [pakhîsh^'.at^] imperf -aw, -aeiiib, noxHT|HTb

[pAkhît^'it^]
-Hiub,
n6HB|a fpoch^va] / -u, ^ (i) the surface of the earth; 2) a particular kind
of earth); <> BbiSHXb --y H3-noA Hor y Koro-ji. col cut the ground
perf
noxHiuy,
-h
-HJi,
etc);
imp
steal
from under smb; aycKOJibsaex y hhx hs-hoa Hor col the ground is slipping from under them; naiuyobiBaxb / soHAHpOBaxb ~y explore the ground; na ~e Her6-.n. because of smth, owing to smth. noHeM fpAch^'om] adv col how much?, what's the 1.
price?;
is
(documents,
kidnap.
xjiononoxjionoTaxb see Taib 2, 3. noxoA [pAkhot, -d] m -a, -OB march (the act of marching); naut cruise, trip; lypHCTHHecKHH ~ hiking tour, skihike, tramp; jibiH^Hbift ing trip; BbiciynHTb b set out; take the field; b e on the march. noxoiilKa [pAkhotka] / -kh,
mchoko? how much

2.:
the milk?;
anaxb?
who can tell?, how should we know?; -- h sHaio? how

should
I
-OK gait, step.
know?
[pach^'i^mu]
rel
adv why; ~ bm hc npHUJJiH Bqepa? why didn't Ha Apyra they are very much you come yesterday?; h ne resembl- 3Haio, -- OH He npHUieji I don't Ha --hh alike; ing, looking like; like (gold, know why he didn't [hasn't] come; 6bi ne hohxh xyAa? etc); 6biTb ~HM Ha resemble, look like, be like; sto e na why not go there? noHeiviy-xo [pach^'i^mutaj Hero it's just like him, that's adv for some reason, for some him all over; <> e Ha TO, HTO... it looks reason or other. noHepK [poch^'irk, -g] m -a, as if...; Ha Koro tw ~I col
-an, -ce, -He, sh f ~, -a, -e, -H alike; ohh oneHb ^HApyr
nox6}K|HH
[pAkhozhty]
noHCMy
inter
&
just look at yourself!
pi -H, -OB hand(writing).
noxopoHHTb
see
xopoHHib.
CH
n6xopoH|bi [pokharant] pi noxopoH, -aM funeral, burial. noxy;ieTb see xyêxb. nouejioeaxb see uejiosaxb.
see nouejioBaxbCJi uejioBaXbCH. nouejiyiH [patjt^luy] m-H,
noHccaxb see Mecaxb 1. noHecaxbCH see qecaxb1.
-en kiss; nocjiaxb
BoaAyuiHbm
noHCT [pAchôt, -d] m -a honour (high respect); respect, esteem. noHexHlwH [pAch^'otnty] a sh f noHexen, -a, -o, -bi honourable; honorary; --wflrocxb

of honour; ~biH payji guard of honour.
337
age) stamp; post-office; postcard.
nod
guest
KaI
oe
~aH
0T;iejieHHe
oxKpbixKa
see
nOMHHHTb nOHHCTHTb
see
qHHHTb
1.
see HHCXHTb.
noHyBcxBOBaxb
qyBcx-
noHJKa I [poch^'ka] / -kh, -CK bot bud. noHlKH II [poch^'ka] /-kh, -eK anat kidney; BocnaJieHHe
BOBaXb. noHyjixb see Myaxb.

nouieji [pAshol], [pAshla] see noflxH.
nouiJia
~eK
noMTJa
nephritis. [poch^ta]
-bi
1.
post-office; 2. post, majl; no ~e by post; nocjiaxb -~oh post, send by post.
noiujiM [pAshl*"!] imp of noc/iaxb; see nocbiJiaxb. noiujiHHJa [poshl'îna] / -bi, duty, tax; customs duty;
noHxajibOH
[pach^tAl^yon]
letter-d]
m
m
n
-OB -carrier.
-a,
postman,
o6jiar^xb oh impose tax on, tax. nouijijuH [poshliy] a sh f , -a, -0, -bi vulgar, banal,
noHxaMT
-a,
[pAch^tamt,
commonplace.
nouijiK)
uijieuib
-OB post-office.
noHTeHHJe [pAch^tên^'iyaJ
-H respect, sideration.
no[pAshPu], [pAshPosh, -zh] 1st Sc

of
see
esteem,
con-
2nd persons
nocbiJiaxb.
nocjiaxb;
see
noHTdHHlbiH [pAch^tênniy] a sh f noMTCHeH, -a, -o, -u honourable, respectable; venerable {of age). noHTH [pAch^'tî] adv almost, nearly, practically; nearly, <> HTO almost,
practically. noHTHTejibHlbiii fpAch'^tîtîPnty] a sh f noHiHiejieH, -a, -0, -bi 1. respectful, deferential; 2. fig col respectful,
nouiyxHxb
myxHXb
1.
nomajlja [pAsh'^.ada] / -bi MOJiHXb o quarter; mercy,
~e
beg
for
mercy.
nom,a;iHXb see luaAHTb.
nomcKoxaxb see meKOxaxb. nomeHHHla [pAsh*':6ch*'ina]

a slap in the face / -bi, {also fig); a box on the ear; slap smb Aaxb KoMy-Ji. in the face; box smb's ears.
~y
nomynaxb
no33H|n
see
mynaxb.
f
considerable
{distance,
etc).
[poezîya]
-h
noHTiHTb [pAch^tît^] perf poetry. ~-y, -Hiub, p -HJi, imp -H honnoaivila [poema] / -bi, our {smh by, with stnth); poem {a narrative composipay homage {to smb); HXb tion in verse; a composition naMHXb BCxaBaHMeM stand up of great beauty). in honour of smb's memno3x [poet, -d| m -a, -ob
ory.
poet.
noHx6B|biM [pAch^'toviy] a postal, post {attr)\ ~biH Hm.HK

letter-box;
noaxHHecKMH
sk^'iyj
ic(al).
[poetîch''i-
a -an,
-oe.
-He
poet-
âa MapKa
(post-
no9
338
said);
it
noaxoMy
therefore,
so.
that's
[pAetamu] why;
adv and
what was
the truth;
xo
â
it
is
is
true; 2. jus-
noK)
[pAyu], noeiub [pA-
tice (rightness); I! as an adv really,

xbi
H, ~a. He ycxaji, ho... though I'm not tired,-still...; noflB|HxbCfl [payi^vîttja] IV as a cj though; HHorjta, perf -Jiibcb, noHBHiiibCH, p a peAKo sometimes, though -H.iCH, -gjiacb, imp -HCb, seldom; -Hxecb appear, make one's <> BceMH -âMH H HcnpaBappearance, show up; emerge AaMH by hook or by crook; {come into view). Hxo ~a, xo -â there's no none [poyas, -z] m -a, pi denying the truth; no ~e tell -a, -OB 1. belt, girdle; 2.: no roBOpfl / cKaaaxb... to '^ up to the waist, waist- the truth...; He a jin? isn't -deep, waist-high; geog it so? 3. zone, belt; npaBAHBJbiH [prAvdîviy] a
left;
yosh, -zh] see nexb. noK) II [pAyu] see noHXb. nOHBHXbCJl see nOHBJIHXbCH. nojiBjieHHle [payi^vPenîya] n -h appearance, emergence. nosiBJij^xbcn [payi'^vl^'attj9]
indeed; are you h really leaving?; sbohhji eMy, OH a 66jien I rang him up, he is really ill; III parenth true; though; oh, a, yê yexaji true, he has
~a
yxojiHiiib?
imperf
-nracb,
-nembCH,
<> cnacaxejibHbiH
lifebelt.
sh f
ful,
-a,
-0,
2.
-bi
1.
truth{story,
/
no5icHeHH|e [payi^s^n^'enîya] ti -h, -h explanation, elucidation. noflCHHxb see noHCHHXb.
upright;
true
etc);
~biH oxBex honest
up-
right answer.
npaBAcnofloSHlbiH [pravda-
noHCHHula
/
-bi,
[payi^s^'nîtja]
pAdobniy] a sh
npaBôno-
the small of
one's
back. no5icH|HXb imperf -hkd,
HJHXb
-K),
[payi^s^nât^] -nemb, noac[payi^s^nît^J perf
A66eH, -a, -o, -bi verisimilar; probable, likely. npaBHJi|o [pravîla] n -a,
1.
rule {of
office
grammar,
[factory,
etc);
2.:
â
BHyxpeHHero pacnoetc]
-HUib,
-HJi,
imp
-H
pH^Ka
explain, elucidate; exemplify,

illustrate
npa....
regulations;
~a
yjiHMHoro
by example.
/o 'great-'
ABH}KeHHH
3.
traffic regulations;
pre f corresp
principle,
words like: npa6a6ymKa [prAbabushka] great-grandmother; npaBHyK [pravnuk,

in
-g]
great-grandson.
is
I / -bi 1. told, etc, or of
npaB^la [pravda]
truth (that
ne BMeiiiHBaxby Hero ~o CH B qyjKHe AeJia it is a principle/maxim with him not to interfere in other people's -ax affairs; 3xo ne b mohx this is contrary to my prin-
rule,
maxim;
339
npa
ciples; BSHTb 3a --o make it a rule; bshtb ce6e aa make a point of (doing smth); as a rule, usualKaK
~o
ly.
npaBHJibHo [pravîl^na] I adv correctly; rightly; II impers predic that's right, right you are, exactly; it is
correct.
npaBonHcaHH|e [pravspîsanîya] n -n orthography. npaBOcyAH|e [pravAsud'îya] n -a justice (administration of law). npaB|biH I [praviy] a 1. right (handf side, etc); right-hand; 2. po/ -right-wing. npaB|biH II [praviy] a sh
/
~-, -a
-o,
-bi
1.;
Bbi
bi
npaBHjibHlbiH [pravîl^niy] a sh f npaBHJieH, -a, -o, -bi

1.
you are right; kto
~? who
correct,
2.
right;
proper
(1)
fea-
(correct);
tures, etc\
t^'il^'stvaj
regular 2) ling). npaBHTejibCTBJo
is right?; 2. righteous, just, right (cause, etc). npaBsmi,|HH [pravâshîiy] a [pa] -an, -ee, -He ruling
[prAvî-
(classes, etc).
-a,
govern-
npasAHHK
[praz^nîk,
-g]
ment
(the ministry);
US
ad-
ministration.
npaslHTb [prav^'it^] imperf -HEib, p -HJ7, imp -b 1. rule, govern; 2. drive, steer
-JiK),
-oB holiday, festival; feast, festive occasion; 3to doJibuioH ~- /iJiH Hac this is
-a,
a great
om! many
occasion
for
us;
happy
(a car, etc).
npaBjicHHJe
[prAvlênîya]
n
2.
-H,
-H
1.
rule,
government;
management, board.
of the day!, besi the season!; SyêT H Ha Haiiiefi yjiHU,e ~! our day will come.
returns wishes of
npaBJo [prava] n -a, pi -a, --, -aM 1. right (1) a just

ed);
claim; 2) a thing justly claim~o Ha xpyA the right to work; ~o rojioca the right to vote, suffrage; Bceofimee HsSHpaxejibHoe --o universal suffrage; nopasceHMe b ~ax disfranchisement; c nojiHbiM -OM rightfully; BocnojibsoeaxbCH CBOHM 'OM exercise one's right; 2. law (a sci-
npasAHJOBaTb [praznavat^] imperf -yio, -yeiiib, p -osaji, OTjnpasAHOBaTb -yft, imp

[AtpraznSvat^] perf celebrate
(a victory,
holiday,
etc).
f
2.
npa3AH|biH [praznty] a sh npasACH, -a, -o -bi 1. idle; fig useless, unnecessary,
idle.
npaKTHKla [praktîka]
1.
/ -h
practice (ij contrasted with theory; 2) at the piano, etc, ence); 3. pi: BOAHxejibCKHe 3) of a doctor, etc); na ~e 1) a driver's license; in practice {in action), 2) <> 6biTb B --e have the 'through practice; saHHMaibCH right (to do smth); na ~ax MeAHUHHCKOH OH practisc Koro-ji. as smb, as if I [he, medicine; bohth b y become etc] were smb. customary; 2. practice, meth-
npa
~ydo
(work).
340
npeBsoHTH
od; 3. practical (work), pracpractice; npoxoAHTb

tical
<>
caMoro
ceSa
surpass oneself.
npaKTHMecKlHii a -an, ch^'isk^'iy]

ing,
etc).
[prAkf'i-He -oe,
npCBOCXOAHlblH [pr^'lVASkhodniy] a sh f npeeocxoAeH, -a, -o, -bi splendid, magnificent,
practical (activity, man, train-
excellent, perfect, su-
perb;
<0>
nty] a sh
npaKTHHHlbiH [prAkt^'ich''f npaKTHHeH, -a, -o, -bi 1. practical {man, etc); 2. efficient [method, etc); wear-
aw
creneHb
ling super-
lative degree.
ing well {of a fabric, etc). npax [prakh, -qhj -a remains; ashes, 3Aecb noKoHTCH ~ repoH here lies a hero {of a grave). npaHeHHjaji [prachîshnaya] / -OH, -bix laundry {an establishment). npaHJKa [prach^'ka] / -kh, 'CK laundress, washerwoman. npe... pref I of verbs de-
npeBOcxoACTBlo [prîvAskholstva] n -a superiority; mhcjiCHHoe ~o numerical superiority.
npeBpaiMTb maib. npCBpaTHTbCJi maTbCH.
see see
npeepa-
npeepa[prîvrA-
npcBpamlaxb
shîat'']
noting
shat'']
tle;
an excessive action: npeyMeHbuiaTb [pr^'ium'î^n''underestimate,

belit-
imperf -aio, -aeiub, npeBpaTJMTb [pr'îvrAt^'it*'] perf npcBpamy, -Huib, p -hji, imp -H turn {to, into), convert (into); reduce (to, into), npeBpamlarbCJi [prîvrAsh'':atts8] imperf -aiocb, -aembCH, npeBpaT|HTbC5] [prîvrAf'ittsa] perf npeepamycb, -HUIbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb, imp -HCb, -Hiecb turn (into),
npeB03HccHTb [pr^'ivaznA-
adverbs denoting a high degree of the quality: [prî^npeA66pbiH dobriy] extremely kind. npe6biBaHH|e [pr^'ibtvan''iy9] n -h stay, sojourn.
sîf*] extol, exalt; II of adjectives and
change (into, become;

<>
to),
pass (into),
ripeBpaTHTbCJi b cjiyx beall
come
ears.
see
npeBwcHTb
npeBbimaTb.
Ipr^'ivishat'']
npeBsoHTH
see
npesocxo-
npeBbiuijaTb
AHTb. npcBOcxofllHTb [pr'îvaskhAd^'it''] imperf npeeocxojKy, npeeocxoAHmb, p -hji, npeB30HJTM lpr''ivzAyt*'i] perf -Aemb, -Ay, p npeesoiiieji, npeeaoiiiJia, imp -ah exceed, surpass, outdo, excel; hhc;ieHHo
imperf -aio, -aemb, npCBucJHTb [prî^vls^'it^'l perf npeBbiiuy, -Hmb, p -HJI, imp -b exceed (the target figures,
one's authority, etc).
nperpaAJa
-bi,
[pr^'i^grada]
see
barrier, obstacle.
nperpaAHTb
Aaib.
nperpax-
~HTb outnumber;

dat^]
341
npe
[prîgrAzhnpcA^Tb see npeAaBaib. nperpawfllaxb npeABapMTejibH|biH -aio, [prî-aeuib, imperf [pr^'igrAdît**] dvArît^rPntyl a preliminanperpafl'HTb perf nperpa}Ky, -Hiub, p -h.i, ry; no ~biM noACMeraM by imp -H bar, block (up), stop rough calculation; -~aH npoAajKa 6HjieT0B advance tick(stub's way, etc). npefl... pref I of verbs ets sale. npeAB3flT|biH [prî^dvzâdenoting 'before in time': [prî^dvîd^'it^] tiy] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi npcABHAexb biassed, preconceived. foresee; II of adjectives and nouns denpcACJi [prîMêl] m -a, noting 'before in place' or 'in -OB limit, bound; b ax... front of: npeAropbe [pr''i^d- within..., within the limits/ foot-hills; npcAno- bounds (of)\ BbiftxH sa ~bi gor^ya] cjieAHHH [prîtpAs**lêd^nîy] overstep the limits (of), exceed the bounds (of); ~ )Keast but one, next to last. [prîdAvat^] .naHHH summit of desires; npefla|BaTb imperf -ib, -euib, p -bslji, imp noJioHCHTb qeMy-ji. put an -Baft, npefljaxb [prî^dat^l end to smth. npcAejibHbift [prî^dêl^nty] perf -aM, -aiub, -aci, -aAHM, -aAHTe, -aAyT, p npeAaJi, -ajia, a maximum, utmost; ~ cpoK npeAajio, npeAajiH, imp -aft time-limit. [prîdîslo1. betray (to the enemy); 2.: npcAHCJioBHle
~BaTb orHK) commit to the eajb cyAy bring flames; eaTb rjiacHOCTH to trial; make known, give publicity
v^'iya]
-h,
-ft
preface, fore-
word.
[prîdlAgaf"] npcAJiojKJHTb [pr^'idlAzhtt^'l perf -y,
npCAJiarjaTb
-aio,
imperf
-aeuib,
to;
~BaTb
3a6BeHHio
bury
in oblivion.
npeAaHHOCT|b
nas^t*',
[pr'êda-
npeA-noacHiiib, p -hji, imp -h 1. offer (to help, etc); 2. pro-
-z^d^] / -h devotion,
loyalty.
npeAaHHJbiH [pr^'edaniy] a npeAaH, -a. -o, -bi (npeAaH, npeAana, npeAano, npeAaHbi, when used with an staunch; devoted, object) BaM yours faithfully, --bift yours truly (in a letter).
[pa\ sh f
suggest (doing axb plan, etc); BHHMaHHK) bring forward, call attention (to (smb's) smth); 3. order (command); eMy CACJiaib npeAÔHCHJiH 310 HeMeAJieMHo he was ordered to do it immediately.
pose, smth,
move;
a
npcAaxejilb
[pr^'i^daf'il'']
m
m
-H, -eft traitor, betrayer. npeAaTejibCTB|o [prî'^dat^'il^stva] n -a, ~ treachery, betrayal, perfidy.
npcAJior I [prî^dlok, -g] pretence, -a, -OB pretext, excuse, plea. npcAJior II [prî^dlok, -g] preposiling -a. -OB
tion.
npe
npejiJioweHHle
zhen'îya]
2.
I
342
[prîdU1.
eMy
npeôcTaBHJiH
caMOMy
-h,
-h
offer;
proposal, motion;
(1 )
sugges-
an act of; 2) an idea); bhccth e put forward a proposal, make a motion,

tion
peiiiHTb 3T0 the decision was left to him; <> ~Tb cjioBo Koiy-ji. give smb the floor, let smb have the floor.
move,
(of
4.
propose; 3. proposal marriage); cAejiaxb e
npefl0CTeper|aTb
3b|bjj.fajeg^^bj
[prîda[prîda-
itnperf -aio, -ajoe/-/
AeeymKe propose
econ supply.
II
to
a girl;
euib,
npeflocTepe|Hb
s^'tî^rêch^]
-ry, -H<euib,
npcfljioKeHHe zhenîya] n -h,

tence; clause.
[prîdUlin^ sennpeA.na-
-h
-FH caution {against).
npe/tocieper -rjia, {against),
imp warn
npeAJiojKMTb raib.
see
npeAOCTepeeHH|e
s^tîrî^zhenîya] warning, caution.
[pr'îda-
n
see
-h,
-h
[pr^'iMmênpeflMecTJbe s'^f'ya] n -bH, -hh suburb. npeAMCT [prîMm'êt, -d] m -a, -OB 1. object (a thing); article (a commodity); LUHpoKoro noipeSjieHHH consumer goods; 2. subject, topissue, ic, theme; cnopa pofnt at issue; 3. subject
(of instruction).
npeiiocTepeHb cieperaxb.
npcAO[prî-
npeAOCTOpojKHocTlb
-eft
dastArozhnas'^t^, -z^d^] / -h,
precaution;
h3
~h
out
of caution; Mepu h precauprecautionary meastions, ures.
npe;iOTBpaTHTb see npeAOTBpamaxb. npeAOTBpamiaTb [prîdatnpejlHaBHanlHTb [prîduAzna- vrAshât^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, ch^'it''] perf -y, -Hiub, p -hji, npeAOiBparlHTb [pr^'idalvrAimp -b intend {for), destine t'ît'^J npeAOTBpamy, perf {for), mean (for); set aside -Hiiib, p -HJI, imp -H avert, pre-' stave off, ward off, ifor), earmark (for).
npeAHasHanjaTb [prîdnaznAch^'at'^l imperf -aio, -aeiub,
npefljoK [prêdak, -g] -Ka, -KOB ancestor, forefather.
vent.
npeAoxpaHHTejijb
[pr^'ida-
npeflocTaBHTb
B.THTb.
see
npeAocia-
npeAOCTaBji|Tb [prîdaimperf -hk), -neujb, npe;iocTaB HTb [pr'îdAstav'ît''] perf -j\K), -HUJb, p -hji, imp -b 1. give, grant; place at smb's disposal; 2.: nib
stAvl^'at'']
khrAnîf'il^] m-H, -eft technol safety lock, safety (device); electr (safety) safety-bolt;
fuse.
npeAOxpaHHTb xpaHHTb.
n^'atî
n'ît'']
see
npeAo-
npeAoxpaH|flTb[prîdakhrA-neiub, -hkd, imperf

fpr'îdakhrA-Huib,
KOMy-Jl.
Bbl6op " B MCM-JI. leave smth to smb's choice;
npcAoxpaH HTb
perf -w,
-hji,
343
npe
imp
against),
protect (from, preserve (from). [prîtpalAnpe^nojiar |aTb

-H
-MH
etc);
undertake {a journey, launch {an attack, etc); --axb uiarH take steps.
-aeiiib, imperf -aio, gat^] [prîtpalAnpCAnojioaciHTb npeAnojiozhlt^] perf -y, jKHiiib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. suppose; believe, think (that...); surmise, conjecture; assume (that...); 2. {no perf) intend, contemplate, plan, propose
npeAnpH^THie [prîtprîyatîya] n -h, -ft 1. enterprise, factory, works; 2, undertaking, enterprise, business.
npeApaccyA|0K [prîdrAssu-Ka, -kob prejudak, -g] dice {religious, etc). npcAceAaxeji b [prîtsî^da-
going {to do); 3. {no perf) presuppose. [prîtpanpeAnojioeHH|e lAzhenîya] n -h, -h supposi{to do);
be
tîl^]
-H,
-eft
chairman;
npcACKa-
chairwoman.
npcACKasaxb
sbiBaxb.
see
tion,
speculation;
see
assump-
tion. npertitojioKHTb
jiaraxb 1. npe;inocjieAHlHM
npeACKa3biB|axb [prî^tskaimperf -aio; -aeuib, npe^no- npeACKajsaxb IprîtskAzat"^] perf -y^y, npeACKa}Kemb, p
zfvat^]
-saji,
s^Ped^nîy] a
next to last. npeiinoHecTb HHTaib.
last
see
[prîtpAbut one,
imp
-JKH
foretell,
pre-
dict,
forecast.
npe^no-
npeAcxaBHxeji|b [prîtstAvîtiP] -H, -eft representative {of a firm, class, etc);
[prîtpanpe^moHHTJaTb chîtat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, [prîtpAnpeAnoHJecTb chês^t^] perf -xy, -xemb, p -eji, -jia, imp -th prefer, like better; h aio hati^ neiuKoM I'd rather 1 prefer walking,
spokesman.
npeAcxaBHxejibH'ibiH fprîtstAvîtîPniy] a sh f npeAcxasHxejieH, -a. -o, -bi 1. {no sh f) pol representative; 2. impressive, dignified, imposing {appearance, etc).
walk. npeflnpHHMHHBJbiH prîimchîvty] a sh

-0,
-bi
npcACxaBHXb
[prîtf
see
5.
npeACxaesee
jiHXb
1,
2,
3,
6.
-a,
npeACxacHXbCH
cxaejiflXbCH.
lên^'iya]
npeA-
enterprising.
npeflnpHHHMaTeji|b [prîtprînîmatîP] m -eft -h, employer, proprietor.

[prîtprînMmat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, npe;inpHJHTb [prîtprînât^j npeAnpHMeuib, p perf -My,
npcACxaBJiCHHle [prîtstAvn -h, -ft 1. presen-
tation,
handing
etc);
2.
in
{of
docu-
npennpHHHMlatb
npeAnpHHHJi, -HJiJia, npCAnpHHJiJio, npeAnpHHHJjH, imp
theat performidea {of, notion, 3. about smth); hh Majieftmero not the slightest idea. npeACxaBjijflxb [prîtstAv-
ments, ance;
~H
Paf^l
imperf
-hk),
-neuib,
npe
344
~HT...
npcAcxaBHTb
perf
-R\o,
[pr^'i^tstav^'it^]
we
[you,
etc]
are
etc]
-Muib,
-HJi,
Imp
to {do smth),
we
[you,
-b produce {evidence, a 1. document); present, hand in (a document, etc); submit {for
consideration, etc); 2. present, offer {some difficulty, etc);
HTb
HHxepec [ueHHOcTb] be
of interest [value]; 3. introduce {smb to smb); 4. [no perf) represent {smb, smb's
interests,
etc);
are faced with {smth), we [you, etc] will have to {do smth). npeflySe^fleHHJe [prîdubî^zhdênîya] n -h, -h prejudice (aâ/Ms/), h'ms {against); OTHOCHTbCH K KOMy-JI. C ~eM be biassed against
smb.
npeAynpeAHTejibHJbiH [prîduprî^îtîl^niy] a sh f npeAynpeAHTCJieH, -a, -o, -bi {no sh f) precautionary, 1. preventive; 2. obliging, attentive; courteous. see npeflynpeflHTb npCAynpejKAaxb. [pr^'idunpeAynpe)KA|aTb prî^zhdat^] -aio, imperf
-aeuib, npe;iynpefl|HTb [prîdupr^'i^dît^] perf npcAynpe-Huib, >Ky, p -HJI, imp -H
5.:
npeAcra-
K Harpafle recommend smb for a decoraimagine, tion [reward]; 6. conceive, fancy, picture, realce6e Moe ize; npeACTaBb(Te)
Koro-Ji.
BHTb
BosMymeHHe
imagine
how
indignant I was; Tbi caM ~Hemb, MTo H3 3Toro nojiyMHTCH you yourself realize you can imagine what will come of it; h hio ce6e ero
/
eapocjibiM I imagine him as a grown-up man; 7. {no perf):
'-HTb co66h MTo-Ji. be smth; represent smth; mo oh co66h 'HeT? what is he like?, what kind of person is he?; 0^ npeflCTaBb(Te) (ce6e) just imagine.
npeflCTaBJi|TbCJi[prîtstAiîmperf -Hioch* -HeiubCH,npeACTaB|HTbca [prî^tsta-Huibvîttja] perf -Jiracb, CH. p -HJicH, -Hjiacb, imp -bxecb introduce 1. -bCH, present 2. itself, oneself; occur, arise, offer itself {of
l^'attja]
know (beforehand); notice, n6tify; warn {1) that..., about; 2) against); 2. prevent, avert {an accident, anticipate, forestall etc); 3. {smb, events, etc). npeAynpoKAeHHJe [prîduprî^zhdên^'iya] n -h, -h 1. warning; notice, notification;
1.
let
give
2.
prevention.
npCAycMaTpHBlaxb [pr^'idu-aio, smatrîvat^] imperf -aeiiib, npeAycMOTpjexb [pr^îdusmAtrêt**]
perf
-k>,
npe-h
for, make an opportunity, etc). npeACTOJ^Tb [prîtstAyat**] provision for; envisage, stipimperf -ht, p -hji be in pros- ulate. pect, be coming, will take npcAHyBCTBHle [pr''i^t''ch''upreHaM [eaw u m. d.\ s''t''v''iya] -H H, place;
AycMOTpHuib, p provide foresee;
-eji,
imp
sentiment,
giving.
345
npe
foreboding, mis[pr'î^t-
npeAuiecTBCHHHK shes^t^v^mîk, -g]
-a,
-ob
<> ^ Bcero first of all; first and foremost; above all; HCM before. npeiKH|HH [pr'êzhn^'iy] a
predecessor, fore-runner, precursor.
npe;mjecTB|oBaTb
[prî^t-
shestyvat^] imperf -yex, p forego, fore-oBaji precede,

-run.
previous, former; b ^-ee speMH in the old days, in former times. [prîzîdênt, npesHjieHT -d] m -a, -OB president {of a republic, academy of sciences).
npesMflHyM [prî'^z^'idîumj -a, -OB presidium. [pr^'izîrat^j npesHpjaTb preceding. npeATjABHTb see npeAi^HB- imperf -aio, -aemb 1. despise, scorn, disdain, hold in conJIHTb. [prîdyi^v- tempt; 2. defy, disdain. npCfl-bflBjilHTb -neiub, npe3peHH|e [prî^zrêPat^] imperf -hk), [prîdyi^vît^] nîy9] n -h I. contempt, npcfl-bJiBlHTb perf -jiK), npeA'tHBHuib, p -h;i, scorn, disdain; 2. defiance, imp -H 1. produce, show {docu- disdain. npe3pHTejibH|biH [prî^zrîments, proofs, etc); 2.: --HTb npexeHSHH put forward pre- tîl^nty] a sh f npeapHxetensions / claims; lay claim jiCH, -a, -o, -bi contemptuous, HTb npaBO Ha scornful, disdainful. {to smth); HTO-ji. lay claim to smth; [prîimunpeHMymecTBJQ [60JIbIlIHe] --HTb BblCOKHe sh^:istva] n -a, ~ advantage Tpe6oBaHKH K... make high {over), superiority {over); [great] demands on..., de- <> no ~y mostly, chiefly, mand much of...; ~-HTb o6- for the most part. BHueHHH KOMy-ji. charge smb npeKJiOHHbiH [prî^klonnty] {with smth). a: ~ Bospacx old age.
npejimecTByiomlHH [prî^tshestvuyush'^-.iy] a [pa] -an, former, previous, -He -ee,
npeAbiityiUJHH
sh^'iiy]
a -an,
-ee,
[prîdidu-He pre-
vious {letter, lesson, etc); Ha efl HCAeJie last week; B ~eM roAy [MecHue] last year [month]. npCMiie [prêzhdî] 1 adv before, formerly, in former
times;
npeKjioH|TbC5i [prîklAnâttja] imperf -Hiocb, -Heuib~HXbCH nepe;^ kcm-ji. ch: [nepeA êm-Ji.] worship, admire smb [smth.]. npeKpacHJbiH [pr^'i^krasnty] a sh f npeKpaceH, -a, -o, -u beautiful, fine; 2, excel1.
lent;
3TO
11
first
naAO npoHHxaTb you must read this; prep with gen before
<> B OAHH fine day; b
{smb);
one fine
~biH ACHb one oaho oe yrpo morning.
npe
see
see
346oerf -ery,
lect,
etc);
npcKpaTHTb
maTb.
npexpanpeKpa[pr^'ikrA-
-e)Keuib,
p npene-
6per, -erJia,
npeKpaxHTbCH maxbCH. npCKpamlaTb

sh^'-.at^]
1. negdisregard {one's duties, 2. ignore, scorn {smb's
imp
-erH
opinion, advice,
etc).
imperf
-aio,
-aeiub,
npeKpaT|HTb
[prîkrAt^'it'']
npeHeSpewHxejibHJbiH [pi'^'inîbrî^zhftîPniy] q sh f
npeHe6pe>KTiTejieH, -a, -o, scornful, slighting.
-bi
perf npeKpaiuy. -Hiub, p -hji, imp -H stop, cease, discontinue; put an end to; break off, sever; drop (an arguinquiry); npenpaTHTb noflany sjieKiposHeprHH -cut off the electricity. [prîkrAnpeKpamlaxbCH sh^:atts9] imperf -aeiCH, npeKpaT{HTbC5i [prîkrAtîtts^] -HJICH, -H-HTCH, perf p jiacb cease, end, come to an end. npejiecTHibiH [prî^lêsnty] a sh f npeJiecTCH, -a, -o, -bi charming, delightful, lovely. [prêlîs^t^, npejiecT|b -z^d''] / -H charm, fascina-
npeneSpeHb
raxb. npeHHJfl
see
npenedpe-
ment,
[prênîya] pi -i* debate, discussion. npeo6jia;i|axb [prîAblAdat^] imperf -aex prevail,
predominate
{over).
npeojiojieB axb [prîAdaPi^vat^] -aio, -aeuib, imperf
npeoAOJi|exb [prîAdApet^j perf -ho, -eeiiib overcome, get over {difficulties, etc); surmount, negotiate {obstacles); npeoAOJiexb oTCxaeaHHe
make good
lag.
tion;
KaKan ~b!
charming!,
npenoflaBaxeji|b [prîpadAvaf'il*'] m -51, -eft teacher;

instructor.
lovely!
npeMHpJGBaTb
vaf*]
-yeiub,
perf
&
/
[prîmîrAimperf -yio,
-osaji,
imp
-yft
give a bonus work, good

ieM-ji.
premium {for ~OBaTb etc);

smth
as
a
[prîpadAnpenoAaleaxb vat^] imperf -ib, -eiub,/? -Baji, imp -Ban teach {!) Russian, mathematics, etc; 2) at an institute, etc).
award
prize.
npenoflHecxH HOCHXb.
sît'']
see
npenoA-
npeMHJfl
-H
[prêm^'iyo] / -h,
npenoAHOcJHxb [prîpadnA-
imperf npenoAHomy, premium; npHcy^HTb lo npenoAHocHiub, p -hji, imp [prîpadaward a prize / bonus. npenoflHec'iXH -H, npewbepla [pr^'i^m^'yera] / j^bjegb^bj-j pg^^ .^^ -euib, p -H, ~ theat first night; new npenoAHec, -Jia, imp -h 1.
prize,
reward,
bonus;
production.
npcHeSperjaTb [prînîbr'' ^gat** ] /mper/ -aio, -aemb, npeHe6p|e4b [pr''inî^brêch''l

i
present, make a present of; 2, fig col: npenoAHCCXH ciopnpH3 KOMy-ji. give smb a honpenoAHecxH surprise;

BOCTb
KOMy-Ji.
347
npH imp -yft lay claim have a claim (on), pre-
bring
smb
-OBaji,
news (mostly bad). npennrcTBHle [prî^pâtst^vîya] n -h, -h obstacle, impediment,

oflojiexb
(to),
hindrance;
~e
npeovercome an ob-
<> 6biTb B 11 Ha Koro-ji. p ' -osaji, imp -yft hinder, have a grudge against smb, hamper, lay obstacles (to). bear smb a grudge. npepBaxb see npepbisaTb. [prîunpeyBejiHHHBJaTb
stacle (also fig); surmount / negotiate an obstacle. npenflTCTB|oBaTb [prî^pâtjtyvat^] imperf -yio, -yeiiib,
[prî^tên^z'iya] / -H, -ft claim, pretension; comp-laint, grievance; aaHBHTb -^-K) no noBOAy Meroji. make a complaint
tend (to). npeieHSHlfl
about smth;
npepbiBJarb [prîrivat''] imperf -aio, -aeuib, npepB|aTb [prî^rvat^] perf -y, -euib,
p -an,
-ajia,
-ajio,
-ajin,
imp
imperf -aio, npeyBejiHH|HTb [prîuvî^Pichît^] perf -y, -Hiiib, p -HJi exaggerate, magnify,
vî^lîchîvat^]
-aeuib,
-H interrupt, break (off); cut off (a telephone connexion).
overstate.
npH
[prî;
npecjieflloBaxb
[prî^s^Pe-yio,
1.
d8V9t^]
imperf
-yeiiib,
-osaji,
imp
-yfi
chase, be after; 2. 3. perse(of thoughts, etc); cute, victimize; 4. law prosecute; 5. pursue (one's ends, object, etc).
pursue, fig haunt
denoting 1. close vicinity: Aopore near / by the road; 6HTBa BopOAHHe battle of Borodino; npri CMepxH on the
noat one's last gasp, dying; 2. the state
position
prî]
in
a stressed prep with pr
verge of death, dying;
own cjie^HeM HSAbixaHHH

of
npecjiOByTbiH[pr'islAvutiy]
being
attached
to:
-^
a notorious.
npecH|biH [pr'esniy] a sh f npeceH, -a, -o, -u fresh, sweet (water)', unflavoured, insipid. npeccja [prêssa] / -w press
(periodicals and the people who work for them). [prîstupnpecTynjie^HJe lênîya] n -a, -fl crime, offence, felony; yrojiosHoe '-e criminal offence.
HHCTHTyxe (ecTb) o6me^HTHe

there is a hostel attached to the institute; oh hchbct cxaHUHH his house is attached to the station; 3. the fact that smth is taking place in a person's presence: AaBaftie cAe.JiaeM sto ' hhx let's do their presence; -- ;;eit in
T5IX in
npecxynHHK [prî^stupnîk,
-g]
-a, -ob fender, felon.
[nOCTOpOHHHX u m. n.\ front of / before children [strangers, etc]; 4. an epoch:
criminal, of-
vat'']
npereHAloBaTb [prît^mdAimperf -yio, -yeiub, p
~' HBane FposHOM under Ivan the Terrible; FlyiiiKHHe in Pushkin's time; -^ coBexcKOH BjiacxH under So-
npH
viet
Government;
9tot
after
348
bt^]
attach
the
{to),
fix
{to);
aom cxpo- npHiBHTb [pr'ishft^] sew {on, HJiH MHe this house was to); 5. addition: npHKyuHib lived Iprîkupît^] buy some more; built when I was
Revolution;
/
there;
5.
the
of
an action: HapH by the light

tern;
~-
circumstances 6. partial character ~ ceeie 4)o- action: npHOiKpb'iTb

of a lan-
of
an
[pr^'iAt-
noting position close to smth: npHMopbe [prîmor^ya] sea - ce6e? how much money country, littoral; npHropoAhave you got about you?; HbiH [prîgaradnty] subur~ êJiauHM given the de- ban. npH6aBHTb see npHdaBJiHXb. sire; ~ ero cnoc66HocTHx oh npHSaBjij^Tb [prîbAvlât^] Mor 6bi cAeJiaib 3to JiyMUie with his abilities he could imperf -hk), -neuib, npH6ahave done it better; ~ Bceft elHTb [prîbav^'it*'] perf -jiio, CBoeft CHJie OH He mop ot- -Hiiib, p -HJi, imp -h 1. add for all his {smth to smth); 2.: Kpb'iTb- ABepb ~HTb strength he could not open aapnjiaxy raise the wages; ~ noMomn ~HTb mary hasten one's 7.: the door; with the help {of); ~ coach- steps, increase one's pace; with one's ~HTb cKopocTb CTBHH Apyaefl increase speed. friends* assistance / help. npM... pref I of verbs denpH6er|aTb I [pr^'ib^'i^gat*'] -aemb, iipMnoting 1. completion of an imperf -aio, action at a certain point: 6em\aTb [pr^'ibî^zhat^] perf npHUJibiTb [pr^'ipHt*'] swim npH6ery, -Huib, p -aji, imp up, come swimming; npH- npH6erH come running / hastrnaxb [prîgnat^] drive home, ily. [prîbî^{cattle, npHSerjaxb II etc); bring home -aeuib, 2. achievement imperf -aio, of a certain gat^]
result: npHyqHTb[pr*'iuch*'it^l
CHjibHOM Bexpe when is blowing; a strong wind 6. possession, availability of smth: CKoJibKo y Te6H flener
krit^] open slightly, -open; set ajar;

11
halfde-
of
nouns & adjectives
npM6er|HyTb
[pr^'ibêgnut**]
train, school {to smth, to be smth); npHKOHMHTb [prîkon''chît**] finish off; 3. contiguity, contact, approaching,
perf -ny, -neuib, p -nyji (~), -jia, imp -HH resort {to), fall back {upon).
drawing
near:
set
npHCxasHTb
{against),
npH6emaTb see npHSeraxb I. npM6MB|aTb fpr'îb'îvat^J

imperf
-aio,
lpr''istav*'it*']
-aeujb,
-eft
1.
npMSlHTb
-beuib, nail, fas-
npHTp6HyTbC5! [prîtronuttja] touch {smth); 4. connecting, fastening toput {against);

gether:
[prîb^'it'^l
perf -bib,
-HJI,
imp
npHAejiaxb
(pr^'id^'e-
with nails; 2. {mostly ten impers) wash ashore, drive
349
ashore, shore.
npH
follower, support-
throw
on
to
the
adherent,
er.
npH6;iH%!aTbc$i [prîblîzhattjaj linperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, npH6jiH3|HTbC5i [pr^'ibl^'iz^'ittsa]
npuBecTH see npHSOAHTb. npHBCT [prîvêt, -d] m -a. -OB regard(s); nepeâBarb
KOMy-Ji. send / give smb one's (kind) regards; nepeiiaftxe Bameft cecxpe my (best) regards to your sister, my love to your sister, re-
perf
npH6jiH}Kycb,
-HlUbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb, imp -bCH, -bxecb approach, come / draw nearer, near. npH6;iH3HTejibHO [prîblîz^'itîl^na]
adv approximateidea of
member me
to
your
sister.
ly,
roughly; sHaxb mo-j\. secb-'
npHBeTjiHB|biH
[prîvêt^-
Ma
have a vague
smth.
npH6jiM3HTejibH|biH [prîbl*'izît'il''nty]as/i/ npH6;iHSHxejieH, -a, -o,
-bi
approxi-
mate, rough.
npH6jiH3HTbCfi
see npH6jiH-
lîviy] a sh f ~, -a, -o^ -u friendly, affable. npnBexcxB|oBaxb fprîvêtstyvat^] imperf -yio, -yeiub, p -OBaji, imp -yfi 1. greet; welcome, hail (also fig); 2. mil salute.
[prîb6y[ m -h surf; breakers (waves). npH66p [prîbor] -a, -ob instrument, apparatus; 1.
waibCH. npM66|H
npHBHB|aTb
imperf
-aio,
[prîv^'ivat'']
-aeuib,
npHBHib
-beiub,
[prîv^'it^]
perf
-bib,
-HJi,
1.
-HJia, -HJio, -HJiH,
imp
2.
set {dinner, tea, etc).
[pr^'ibtvat^] npM6biBlaTb imperf -aio, -aeiiib, npM6|biTb
bot (en)graft; 2. med with; inoculate vaccinate with; 3. fig inculcate, impart {a habit, love for, etc).
-eft
[prîbtt^J perf -yjiy, -yjiemb,
npH6biji,
2.
-bijia,
npH6bmo,
imp -y^b 1. arrive, increase, grow; rise; swell (of water). npH6bi;i|b [prîbil^] -h,
npridbiJiH,
npHBHB|Ka [prîv^'ifka] / -KH, -OK 1. bot inoculation, grafting; 2. med inoculation;

vaccination.
come;
-eft
profit{s).
npHBHXb see npHBHsaxb. npHBKyc [pr^'ifkus, -z] m -a smack, flavour (also fig).
npHBjieKaxejibHJUH [prîvPi^katîl^nty] a sh f npHBJieKaxejieH, -a, -o,
tive,
see npHfiHBaxb. npHBaji [pr^'ival] -a, -OB halt (during a march,
npH6uTb
hike).
winning;
-bi attracalluring, in-
npHsesTH
see
npHBOSHib.
viting.
npHBepeAJiHB|biH [prîvî^rêd^lîviy] a sh f ^, -a, -o,

-bi
fastidious, squeamish. npHBepKCHJei; [prîvêr-d^j
ghanîts,
-ua,
-uee
[prîvlînpHBjieK|axb -aeiiib, imperf -aio, npHBJie|Hb [prîvl^'ech''] perf -Ky, -qemb, -Kyx, p npHBJieK, draw, al1. -KJia, imp -KH
kat*"]
npH
tract;
2.
350
-h
draw
in,
enlist;
~aTb Ha
over
trial,
/
CBOK) CTopOHy
3.:
p npHBea, -Jia, imp win (by vehicle).
bring
round;
cyAy put on
trial,
~-aTb k bring to
take to court;
axb
OTBeiCTBeHHOCTH yrOJIOBHOH start /take criminal proceedings against; prosecute.
[prîvikat^] npHEbiKJaTb imperf -aio, -aetub, npHSbiKH|yTb [prîvfknut^] perf -y, 'euib, p npHBbiK, npHBbiKJia, imp -H get accustomed / used
(to);
get
into
the
way
(of
doing smth); be accustomed / used (to). npHBbiHlKa [prîvtch^ka] / p -HJi, imp -H, npHBelcTH habit -CK doing Iprîv^'i^s^tî] perf (of -Ay, -KH, npHBeji, -Jia, imp smth, etc); no (cxapoH) ~Ke -AeiiJb, p -AH 1. bring {smh somewhere, out of habit, by force of habmostly on foot); 2. lead {of it; HMCTb ~Ky AeJiaxb mo-Ji. footprints, etc, also fig); sxo be in the habit of doing npHBCJio K neqajibHbiM no- smth, be accustomed to doing cJieACTBHJiM it led to unfor- smth; 9T0 Bomjio y Hero s tunate results; 3. adduce, Ky it has become a habit cite; npHBecTH npHMep give with him. cite an example; npHsecTH npHB^3aHH0CT|b [prîvâ[prîvAdît^] npHBOfl|HTb imperf npHBOJKy, npHBOAHiub,
/
B npHMep cite smth as an example; 4.: htb b 6emeHCTB0 throw into a rage,
HTo-Ji.
drive
rify;
infuriate;
prise,
~HTb b npocib ~HTb b y>Kac hor~HTb b HsyMJieHHe surmad;

astonish;
^-htb b otto
zanas^t^, -z^d^] / -h, -eft attachment (to, for), affection (for, towards). npHBHSbinpMBflsaTb see Baxb. npHB^3biB|aTb [prîvâzi-aeuib, vat^] imperf -aio,
[pr^'ivî^zat^] npHBH3|aTb npHBHHcy, npHBHêuib, p -aji, imp npHBH>KH tie,
qaHHHe ^HTbbring
drive
Koro-Ji.
despair;
smb
to
b his
qyecTBO
senses;
perf
~HTb
b HeroAHOCTb
put
out
of commission,
make
useless;
bind, fasten (to smth). npnrjianpHFjiacMTb see
~HTb B COOTBCTCTBHe C WeM-JI. bring to conformity with smth; bring in correspondence with smth; 5. math: ~HTb K 66meMy anaMenaTCJiio reduce to a common denominator. npMB03|HTb [prîvAz'ît^] imperf npHBO>Ky, npHBosHuib,
P
-HJI,
maib. npHrjiamjaTb [prîglAshat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, npHrjiac|HTb [prîglAS^'it^] joer/ npHrjiamy, -Huib, p -hji, imp -h 1. invite, ask (to dinner, etc); 2. engage (for service); aib Ha pa66Ty offer work.
n^'iya]
2.
imp
-H,
(pr''iv''i^s''t''i]
IlpHBe3|TH perf -y, -euib,
npMrjiauieHHle [pr^'iglAshen -h, -ft 1. invitation;
engagement
(for
service).
351
pocTH
/
npH
Ayxy encourage,
3.
npHroBapMB|aTb [prîgAvaimperf -aio, -aeuib, npHroBOp|MTb [prîgavArît^] perf -K), -Hiiib, p -HJi, imp
rîvat^]
-H
ito).
put
heart {into smb); {a quality, state); My mapa u m.

into
a ball,
impart
shape
BaTb4)6pn.
4.:
sentence
{to),
condemn
etc
Baxb
sHaneHHe attach importance npHroBop [prîgAvor] m -a, {to). npHAaH|oe [prîdanaya] n -OB 1. law sentence, judgement; verdict; BbinecTH ~ -oro, -bix 1. dowry; trouspass (a) sentence (on); npH- seau; 2. layette. npHAaxb see npHâBaxb. secTH -- B HcnojiHCHHe execute a sentence;
2.
fig con-
demnation, verdict. npHroBopHTb see npHrosap'HBaxb.

tts9]
[prîgAdînpHroAJHTbcsi perf npHFOH^ycb, -iimbCH,

-HJiCH,
-HJiacb,
imp
-Hxecb
useful, useful, stead.
be
of
use,
in
come
-HCb, in
npHflHp|axbc Ipr^'idîraimperf -awcb, -aembCH, npHAplaxbCfl [pr^'idrattja] perf npHêpycb, npHêpeiiibCH, p -ajicH, -ajiacb, imp npHêpHCb, npHêpHTecb find fault {with), cavil {at), carp {at). npH^yMaxb see npH^yMbittjaj
come
stand
handy, prove
(smb) in good
Baxb. npHflyMbiBJaxb
vat^]
[prîdumi-aio,
-aeiiib,
imperf
npHropo;; [prîgarat, -d] m -a, -OB suburb. iipHroTaBjiHB|aTb [prîgAtavlîvat^] imperf -am, -aemb, npHroTOBlHTb [prîgAtovît^j perf -JiKD, -Huib, p -HJI, imp -b 1. prepare, make ready;
2.
npHflyM|axb [prîdi^mat^] perf -aio, -aeiub think up, think

of,
invent, devise.
cook (food); make,

npMroTOBji|flTb
fix {din-
[prîyest, -zd] arrival, coming {by vehicle); b npouiJibiH during one's previous/ last stay; c --om! welcome!, glad to see
-a,
npHesA
-OB
ner, etc).
you!
[prîgatAv-hk), -neuib
Pat^] imperf npHroTaBJiHBaTb.

npHflaJBaTb
npHe3)KiaTb [prîyi^zhîat^] -aio, -aenib, imperf npHexiaxb[prîyekhat^]per/npHarrive,

-a,
[prîdAvat^]
imperf
-i6,
-eiiib,
-Bafl, npH;i|aTb perf -aM, -auib, -acr, -a^.M, -a/niTe,-aAyT,p npHâJi, -ajia, npHnajio, npHâjiH, imp -afi ^jnil attach; 2.:. Baxb 1. ciLnbi give {smb) strength; Baib cMeJiocTH make {smb) bold, embolden; eaxb 66a-
e^y, npHeêiiib, p -aji imp come {by vehicle). npHCM [prîyom] m [pr^'idat^]
-Baji,
1.
-ob
reception (1) of food, signals, patients, etc; 2) warm, cold, etc; 3) a party); -^ jieKapcxBa 1) the taking of a medicine; 2) a dose of medicine; ycipoHXb "- give a reception; HaM oKaaajiH pa^ym-
npH
352
-' we were given a HbiH warm/cordial reception welcome; 2, enrollment, admission, admittance {to a trade union, etc); 3.: b oahh at one go, at a stretch; b Asa fipH u m. d.] ~a in two .etc] motions / stages; [three, 4. method, technique, device.
/
-HJicH,
-HJiacb,
imp
-HCb,
-HTecb av land, touch down.
npH3Ha|BaTb [pr'îznAvat''] imperf -ib, -emb, p -Baji, imp -Bafl, npH3H'aTb Iprîznaf'] perf -aio, -aemb 1. recognize (a state, smh's right, etc); 2. admit, acknowledge (one's
guilt, mistakes, etc);
^Baxb
npHeMjieMJbiH [pr'îyemlîmiy] a sh f -, -a, -o, -bi acceptable, admissible. npHeMHHK [prîyomnîk, -g] m -a, -OB radio/ wireless set;
(radio) receiver.
Ce6 BHHOBHbIM, Baxb CBOIO BHHy law plead guilty; 3. vote,
pronounce {smth. to he...); Baxb Heo6xoAHMbiM consider

(smth) necessary, consider it necessary; Baxb kofo-ji.
npHeMHJbiH [prîyomnty]
a
1.: ~biH fleHb reception bie Macbi reception/ day; calling hours; consultation hours; 2.' ~aH komhcchh ad-
BHHOBHbIM law find smb guilty; Baxb HeAeftcxBHieJibHbiM declare invalid, nullify. npH3Ha!BaxbC}i [pr^'iznAvattja]
mission
committee
/
(at
an
imperf -ibcb, -embCH, -BaJicH, -Bajiacb, imp -Baft-Baftxecb,
institute, etc);
admission
tions;
II
bie SKsaivieHbi entrance examina-
as a
-OH,
noun
-bix
npHCMHlaH
reception-room;
npH3H|aTbC{i -aiocb, perf -aeuibCH I confess, admit, own (up); make a clean breast of it; ~BaxbCH b qeM-Ji. conCH,
[pr*'iznatts8]
fess
Bi5
waiting-room;
<>
srnth;
saxbCH
a
jik)6-
~biH oxei; foster-father; ~ an Maxb foster-mother; wh

son, foster-son.
make
parenth
declaration
of
love;
1 1
CbiH adopted
npHsnaxbCH
m
npHexaxb see npHesMcaib. npH3 [pr^'is, -z] m -a, pi

-b'l,
(also
npHSHaiocb, ~ibcb)
-OB
prize
(to
a person
winning
flHTb
contest);
npHcy-
to tell (you) the truth. npHSHaK [pr^'iznak, -g] -a, -OB sign, indication;
npH3BaHH|e
n
a prize. [pr^'izvan^'iya] -H, -H vocation, calling.

see
award
symptom
Hapy>KHBaxb -~h
npHSBaTb
JlJ^TbCH.
npHSbiBaib.
see
npHseivfjiHTbcsi
npnaeM-
signs / cJiy>KHTb OM Merd-Ji. be a sign of smth; K;iaccH4)HUHpo-
(of a disease); o6Mero-Ji. show indications of smth;
[pr^'izî^mI'âttja] imperf -aiocb, -nembCH,npH3eMJi|HTbCJi [prîz^'i^ml^'ittsa]
npHseMjilnrbcsi
Baxb no ~y qero-Ji. classify on the basis of smth. npM3HaHH|e [pr''iznan'*iya] n -H, -H 1. acknowledgement,
L
perf
-ibcb,
-HiiibCH,
recognition;
nojiymixb
353
npH
win
recognition;
2,
admis-
npHKac|aTbCJi [prîkAsattja]
sion, confession, declaration; e BHHb'i avowal of guilt.
imperf -awcb, -aembCH, npH-
KOCHyTbCH
perf
-ycb,
[prîkAsnuttsa]
npH3HaTejibH0CT|b [prîznat''Il^n9sM^ -z^'d^l / -H gratitude, thankfulness.
-eujbCH, p -yjiCH, -yjiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb touch (slightly) (with the
npHsnaTb
see
npHSHarbCfl BaibCH.
see
npHSHasaTb. npHsna-g]
npH3paK
-a
[pr'îzrak,
-OB spectre, ghost, apparition, phantom; illusion (of
happiness, etc). npH3biB [prîzif, -v]

-OB
1.
-a,
hand, a stick, etc). npHKjiaAbiBlaxb [pr^'ikladivat^] -aw, imperf -aemb, npHJio>K|HTb [prîlAzhtt''] perf -y, npHJiojKHmb, p hji, imp -H put (close to smth); apply (a compress, etc); npHjiojKHTbpyKy K... l)take
call-up, call to military service; 2. call, ap-
mil
OTKJlHKHyTbCH Ha -^ peal; respond to a call, take up a call; 3. slogan [of a party). npHSMBlaxb [pT^\ziwai^]imper) -aio, -aemb, npH3B|aTb
[pr''izvat*'l
hand in...; 2) sign, add one's signature to... lHpHKjiK)HeHH|e [prîklûchênîy9] n -h, -h adventure (of a hunter, etc).
a
npHKOJiOTb
BaTb.
see
npHKa.iHsee
perf
1.
npnaoBy,
-ajio,
npHsoBeiiib, p
-ajiH,
-aji, -ajia,
npHKOCHyTbCfl caxbCH.
npHKa-
imp npHsoBH
call (for
npHKpenHTb
JIHTb.
see
npHKpen-
smth; upon smb to do smth; to smth); 2. mil call up. npHHTH see npHxo;tHTb.
npHKpenji|flTb
lât**]
[pr*'ikr*'i^p-
npHHTHCb
1.
see
npHXOAHTbCH
-z]
2,
?.
-nemb, npHKpen'iHTb [prîkr^'i^pît**] perf -JiK), -Hmb, p -hji, imp

-hk>,
imperf
npHKas [prîkas,
-OB order,
-a,
command.
see
npHKa3aTb
BaTb.
npHKasbi-
-H 1. fasten, fix, secure, attach; attach, assign (a 2. teacher, etc, to a class, etc). npHKpbiBJaTb [prîkrivat*"]
[pr^'ikaztnpHKa3biB|aTb -aio, -aeiiib, imperf npHKasjarb [pr^'ikAzat*'] perf npHKascy, npHKaxceuib, p -aji, imp npHKajKH order, comvat'']
imperf
-oemb, p
er,
-aio,
KpjbiTb [prîkrtt''l
-hiJi,
-aemb, npHperf -ofo. imp -oh 1. cov-
mand.
npHKajibiB |aTb [prîkalivat*']
imperf
jijoTb
-aio,
[prîkAlot^l
-aemb, npHKoperf -kd,

-oji,
protect, shelter, shield; conceal, screen; 3. 2. fig close/ shut softly, close / shut slightly; cover, screen; 4, col liquidate, shutdown (a factory,
etc).
npHKOJieiiib,
imp
-ojih
pin,
fasten with a pin.
npHJiaBJOK [prîlavak, -g] -Ka, -KOB counter (m a
npH
354
pa66THHK -^-Ka shop, etc); salesman, distributive worker. npHjiaraTejibHJoe [prîlAga-bix ling tîl^'naya] n -oro,
adjective. npHJiarjaxb
nîya] n -h application, use, employment; nojiy^HTb uihpoKoe ~e be [become] widely adopted.
npHMCHHTb
[prîUgat^]
see
npHMeHHTb.
imperf
HtjiiTb
-aeuib, npHjio-aio, [prîlAzhit^] perf -y,
npHMCHiflTb [prîmî^nât^] imperf -hk), -nemb, npHMeHJHTb [prîmî^nÎt''] perf

-K>,
npHJi6>KHmb, p -HJi, imp -h apply {one's knowledge, etc);

ycHJiHH make efforts; cTapaHHJi take pains, exert oneself; ~-aTb Bce chjih do everything in one's power, do one's best; make every
npHMeHHUJb, p
-HJi,
imp
~aTb
apply, use, employ; ~HTb Ha npaKTHKe put into prac-H

tice.
aib
npHMep
[prîmêr]
-a,
-OB example, instance; noâBaTb set an example; CTa-
effort.
npHJiejKHlbiH [prîl^'ezhniy] a sh f npJieMceH, -a, -o, -bi diligent, industrious; assiduous, studious. npHJiHB [pr^'iPit, -v] m -a, -OB 1. flow, flood (of tide), h otjihb flow high tide; and ebb, high and low tide; -^bi H OTJIHB bi tides; 2. fig h otjihb flux surge, flow; and reflux; 3. med rush {of
BHTb Koro-Ji. B -- hold smb up as an example; noKasaTb ~ give the lead; no ~y qero-Ji.
[Koro-Ji.]
after
the
in
example of smth [smb]; imitation of smth [smb];
<> He B -- KOMy-ji. col unlike smb; K ~-y col 1) by way of illustration; 2) parenth suppose, say. npHMepHTb see npHMepHTb.
blood).
a sh
[prîlîchîya] npHJiMMMJe -91, -H decency, decorum; propriety {correctness of man-
npHMepHJbiH [prîmêrniy] f npHMepeH,. -a,.-o, -u 1. exemplary, model; 2. approximate.

iipHMeplflTb [prîmî^r^'at'']
ners).
npHJiHHHJbiH [pr^'ilîch^nJy] npHJiHMen, -a, -o, -bi f 1. decent, proper, becoming; seemly; decorous; 2, col decent, rather good, tolerable. npHJio}KeHH|e [pr^'ilAzhenîya] n -h, -h 1. appendix, supplement; 2. ling apposi-
a sh
imperf -hk), -aeiub, npHMepJHTb [prîm^'erît^] perf -ra, -HLUb, p -HJi, imp -b try on
{a
dress,
etc);
fit
{a dress,
-z^]
etc).
npHMec|b
/
[prîmîs*',
admixture, infusion, foreign matter; dash {a slight admixture); tinge (of

-H,
-efi
1.
tion.
colour);
2.
fig
touch, tinge.
/
npH;io}KHTb see npHKJiaAbisaTb & npHJiaraTb. npHMeHeHHJe [prîmî^n^'e-
npHwerja [pr^'imêta] ~ sign, token, omen;

tinctive) mark;
-m,
(dis-
355
<> in
npH
HTO-Ji.
HMCTb Ha ~e know, have mind; have an eye to

/
^-axb
smth
Ce65l)
as
B luyxKy take joke; -~-aTb {na
upon.
npHMcnaHHle [prîmî^chânîya] n -h, -h note, comfoot-note; (a note).
pyKOBOACTBO [KOMaHAOBaHHe u m. n.] assume leadership
[command,
a
etc];
âib
ment;
annotation
rpaHCAancTBo be naturalized;
become
zen;
{Soviet, etc) citi-
[prîmîrê-h reconciliation, reconcilement; conciliation.
npHMHpeHHle n^'iya] n -a,
npHMHpHTbCSl 866 MHpHTbCH.

npHHaAJieJKJaTb
lî^zhat^'i
-aji,
[prînad-Huib,
{to)\
imp
imp6rf -y, -H belong
p
be
one {of); be a member {of). npHHaAJieHOCT|b [prînAdPezhn9sM^ -zM^] / -h, pi

-H,
-eft
1.
XpHCTHaHCTBO ~-aTb adopt Christianity; -rarb aa npaBHJio make it a rule; 3to laK npHHHTO it is the custom; 6. take {smb for smb); 7. assume {a certain charac--axb (|)6pMy ter, air, etc); yero-Ji. take the shape of smth. npHHHMlaTbcs! [prînîmattj9]
imperf
-aiocb,
-aeuib-
{mostly pi) tackle
{fishing, 6ic)\ accessories, articles

{ofy,
nHCbMeHHbie
[prînâttsa] perf npHMycb, npHMeiiibCH, p

-HJicH, -HJiacb,
CH, npHH|flTbcn
imp npHMHCb,
begin,
2.
writing-materials; 2. belong{to)\ affiliation {to a ing class, party, etc); membership {of a party).
npHMHxecb
1.
start
{doing smth);
set (to), get
down
3.
{smth); {to), begin take root; take {of an inoc-
npHHCCTH see npHHOCHXb. ulation). npHHHM|aTb [prînîmat^] [prînAsît^] npHHGclHTb imperf -aio, -aeiub, npHH|Tb imperf npHHomy, npHHOCHuib, [pr^'inât''] perf npHMy, npH- p -HJi, imp -i!, npHHec'iTH Meiiib, p npHHHJi, -HJia, npn[prînî^s^'tî] perf -y, -euib, HHJio, npHHHJiH, imp npHMH p npHHec, -Jia, imp -h 1. bring {to), accept {for); {smb a book, etc); fetch {a 1. admit '~aTb Ha paSoTy take on, chair, etc); 2. yield, bear
give employment {to smb); 2. receive {people); paAymno
{fruit, etc; also fig); 3. bring
(in) {an income, etc); 4.: ~HTb 6jiaroAapHOCTb express one's
~aTb
3.
welcome
,
accept (an offer approve; --aTb KaK AOJi^Hoe take as a matter of course, accept as one's due; 4. take medicine, a bath, etc; {1} 2) precautions, etc); 5.: axb
MbKD-Ji.
heartily; etc); pass,
gratitude.
dîtîl^niy]
npHHyAHxejibHlbiH [prînua sh f npHHyAH-bi
xejieH, -a, -o,
compulsory,
enforced; forced {labour).
npHHyAHTb see npHHyHCAaxb.

dat']
CTopoHy
the
smb, take
with part of smb;

side
npHHy>KA|aTb imperf
[pr^'inuzh-aio.
-aeiub,
npH
356
npHHyAiHTb[pr''inud*'it*'] perf
npHHy}Ky,. -Huib, p
pel,
-hji
com-
tions,
npHHUHn
-a, -OB
force, constrain, coerce. [pr^'intsjp, -b]
natural (resources, condigas, etc); 2. inborn, innate.

1.
m
-a
^
CH.
principle; H3 â on principle.
npHpocT growth,
[pr^'irost,
-zd] (of
m
the
increase
etc).
population,
npHHflTb see npHHHMaxb. npHH^TbCJi see npHHHMaxb-
npHo6pecTM
Taxb.
see
npHo6pe-
npHCBaHB|aTb [prîsvaivat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, npHCBoJHXb [pr^'isvoit*'] perf -K), -Huib, p -Hji, imp -H 1.
appropriate, take for oneself;
2.
[pr^'iabrî^npHo6peTlaTb -aeiub, -aio, imperf taf"] npHo6pelcTH [prîabr'î^s^t'î] perf -xy, -xeiiib, p npHo6peJi,
-jia,
give, confer,
award
(a
de-
gree,
rank,
(after).
etc);
~axb hmh
name
imp -XH 1. acquire, gain experience, knowledge etc); 2. buy, purchase.

npHopHTCT
npMCJiarb see npncbiJiaxb. npMCJioKHxbCfl see npHcjio-
HHXbCH.
npHCjioH|MTbC5i [prîsUnâ-
[prîarîtêt, -a priority {in discov-d] ering or inventing smth). npHnafljOK [pr^'ipadak, -g] -Ka, -KOB fit, attack; par-
oxysm. npHnee
-a,
[pr'*ip''ef,
-v]
-OB refrain.
see
imperf -Hiocb, -neujbCH, npHCJiOH|HTbC5i [pr'îsUn^'ittja] perf -wcb, -HiubCH (npHCJIOHHUIbCH), p -UJIC^, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb lean, .rest (against smth). npHCJiymaxbCfl see npHCJiyIlIHBaXbCH.
ttja]
npHnHcaxb
Baxb.
npHOHCbi-
IprîpîsinpHnHCbiBJaTb -aio, -aeiub, imperf npHnH|caTb [pr''ip''isat''j perf -my, npHnHiiieuib, p -caji, imp -uiH 1. add (to a letter,
V9t**]
etc);
2.
(to);
put
of).
attribute ascribe, down (assign the

[pr'îrods]
/
-bi
npHCjiymHB|aTbcsi [pr^'iimperf -aiocb, -aembCH, npMCJiyui|aTbc [pr^'islushattja] perf -aiocb, -aembCH 1. give ear (to), listen (to) (fixing one's mind); 2. fig give ear (to), lend an ear (to); consider (smb's opinslushivattja]
ion, advice).
cause
npMCoeflMHHXb
;iHHHXb.
see
npHcoesee
npHp6fl|a
1. nature (the external world; scenery); HBJieHHH natural bi natural phenomena;
npHCoeAHHHTbCfl COeAHHHXbCH.
n'ât'*]
npH-
2.
-<>
nature, character; OT ~bi by nature, natu-
npMCoeAHHJflTb [prîsayid^'iimperf -hk), -Heuib,

perf
1.
npHcoeAHHlMTb
nît^]
-ib,
rally.
fpr^'isayidî-Hiub, p -hji,
npHpOAHUH
Ipr''ir6dniyl a
imp
-H
join,
adA (one thing
357
to another)',
-bi
npH
annex;
2.
elect
connect, join. [prîs9npMcoeflHH|HTbCfl yidînâttsQ] imperf -Hiocb, npMCOeAHHiHTbCH -HeUIbCH, [prîsayidînîttsaj per} -ibcb,
-HiubC5i, p -HJicH, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hrecb 1. join {smb, a society, etc); 2. associate (oneself)
npHCTHJibHlbig [pr'istal^nty] a sh f npHcxajien, -a,

-o,
fixed,
intent
(look,
etc);
~biM BHHMaHHeM with
great attention, intently. npHCTaH|b [prîstan^] / -h, -eft pier, .landing-stage; US dock; wharf.
*{with), subscribe stub's opinion, etc).
npHcnoc66MTb
C06JIHTb.
see
npMCTaxb see npHCTaBaxb. npHCTpacTH|e [prîstras^tîya] n -h 1. liking (for), npncno- weakness (for); 2. bias, par(to
tiality, prejudice.
see
npHcnoc66MTbCJi
CnOCOSjIHTbCH.
npn-
npHCTpacTHJbiH
[prîstras-
SAblênîya] n -h,
npHcnoco6jieHH|e [pr^'ispa-h 1. adap-
tation, accommodation; 2. device, contrivance, appliance. [prîspanpMcnoco6ji|flTb SAbPat^] imperf -aio, -neiub,
niy] a sh / npHcrpacTen, -a, -o, -bi partial, biased, prejudiced, unfair. npiicTyn [prîstup, -bj -a, -OB fit, attack; touch, bout; paroxysm. npMCTyn|aTb [pr'istupat^]
npHcnoc66|HTb
bît**]
[prîspAso-uuih,
perf
-Jiio,
-hji,
imp -b adapt (to), fit accommodate (to), adjust

npMcnocoSjiJMTbCii spasAblâttja] imperf
(to),
(to).
[prî-Hiocb,
-HeiubCH, npHcnoc66|HTbCH [prîspAsobîttsa] perf -Jiiocb,

-HlUbCfl,
imperf -aio, -aeuib, npHcryn|HTb [pr'îstup^'it^] perf -jik), npHCTynHiub, p -hji, imp -h begin, start, set about (smth, doing smth); get down (to), set (to); proceed (to). npHcyflMTb see npHcyjKAaxb. npMcyjKfllaxb [prîsuzhd^t']
-HJICH^
-HJiaCb,
(to),
imp
-bCH, -bTecb adapt one(to).
self (to), adjust oneself
imperf -aio, -aeuib, npHcyAJHTb [prîsudît^] per/npHcyjKy, npHcyAHiiib,
accommodate oneself
-hji,
imp
npHCTaJBdrb [prîstAvaf*] -H 1. sentence, condemn; 2. imperf -ib, -eiub, p -Baji, award (a prize, etc); confer imp -Baft, npHcraJTb [prî- (a degree, etc). stat^] perf -ny, -Heuib, p -ji, npHcyTCTBHle [prîsutstîmp -Hb 1. stick (to), cling vîya] n -h presence (in a (to), adhere (to); 2. put in, place); b qbcM-ji. Hinsmb's pull in (to the shore, etc);3. presence, in front of smb; col worry, pester, smb's annoy; in hearing, before badger, importune. smb. npHCTaelKa [prîstafkaj / npHcyTCTBloBaTb[prîsutjt-KH, -OK ling prefix. yvat**] imperf -yio, -yeiub
npH
imp
-yfl
358
-oBaJi,
be present
[p-rîsHat*']
(at),
attend. npHCbiji|aTb
-aio,
-aemb, npHcji|aTb [prîslat^] perf npHmjub, npHuj/ieiJib, p -aji, imp npHLUjiH send (cawie to go or be carried, as viewed by
the receiver). npHcnr|a [pr^'isâga] / -h, oath [a solemn promise); mil oath of allegiance;
imperf
imperf -aio, -aeuib, npHyHJHTb [pr^'iuchît^] perf -y, npHyqHUJb, p -hji, imp -h train, school (to smth, to be
smth). npHxofl [pr^'ikhot, -d]
-OB 1. vent;
-a,
coming,
2.
arrival, adreceipts, income.
npHXOA|HTb fprîkhAd'ît^] imperf npHxojKy, npHXoAHujb, npM|HTH p -HJi, imp -H,

[prîyt^'i]
US
perf
-uiJia,
-^y,
-Aeuib,
-;;h
1.
oath
AliTb
of
in.
enlistment; npHBoKor6-Ji. K e swear
-me;i,
imp
smb
(reach, mostly on foot; also of a train, ship, letter,

etc);
come
npHTBOpHTbCfl see npHTsop^TbCH. npHTBOplnTbcji [prîtvArâttsa] imperf -Hiocb, -nembCH,
arrive (of a ship, train,
letter,-
etc); riib nepBwM [BTopbiM u m. d.] come in first [second, etc] (of a race);
npHTBOpJHTbcn
perf
-K)Cb,
-rijiacb,
[pr^'itvA-
2.
come
3.:
{to
an
b
agreement,
rîttja]
-HJIC5I,
-rimbCH, imp -HCb,
etc); etc);
arrive {at a conclusion,
~HTb
oxqaHHHe
^-Hxb
-~rfTb
-HTecb pretend {to be), sham, feign, simulate.
give way to despair; B y>Kac be horrified;
npHTecHeHH|e [prîtî^s^- B HeroAOBaHHe become indignênîya] n -h, -h oppression, nant; ~HTb B ynaAOK fall
unjust treatment.
npHTecHHTb
HHTb.
n^'at'']
see
npHiec-
npHTecH|Tb [prîtî^sîmperf -hkd, -neiiib, npHTecH|HTb [pr^'itî^s^nît''] perf -K), -Hiiib, p -h;i, imp -h gain consciousness; ^htb b oppress, keep down. HyBCTBO come to oneself, renpHTOK [prîtok, -g] m -a, gain consciousness. [prîkhAnpHxoA|HTbc -OB 1. tributary (of a river); 2. flow, influx; indraught. dîttjaj imperf npHxojKycb, -HJICH, npHTOM [pr'îtom] cj (and) npHXOAHUJbCH, npH|HTHCb [pr^'iy-HJiacb, besides^ (and) at that.
npHTOpH|biH [pr^'itarniy] a sh f npHTOpeH, -a, -o, -bi 1. sickly, saccharine, luscious; 2. fig sugary, luscious.
^bj'gbj
into decay; HTb B rojioBy occur to <> smb, come into smb's mind; ~HTb Ha yM occur to smb, come into smb's mind; htb B ceSn come to oneself, re-
p^jrf
-jy^zh,
1.
-fleiUbCH,
fit
p -meJiCH,
(of clothes, (of
-lujiacb
etc);
dates); 3.
(well) (on) impers have to

2.
fall
npHynjaTb
[pr'*iuch''at*'j
(do
smth);
eMy
npHUJjiocb
359
AaTb he had
to wait; 4. {no perf) be {one's relative). -a, npMuen [prîtsep, -b] -OB trailer {a vehicle).
chî*^satts9]
npH
perf npHMemycb,
-ajicn, p imp npHMeuiHCb, npHiiemHTecb do one's hair, comb
npHqemeuibCH,
-ajiacb,
npHwajiMBJaTb [prîchâPi-aeuib, imperf -aio, npHHaji|HTb [prîchâPit''] perf -K), -Hiub, p -Hji, imp -h
V9t^]
one's done.
-bi,
hair;
have one's
haii
npHHHHla
moor
{to).
npHHacTH|e tîy9] n -H,

ciple.
-H
[prîchâs^ling parti-
npHHCM [prîch'om] I cj\ Ha 3T0M npeAnpHHTHH Tbicnqa pa66qHX, nojioBHHa hs HHX- MceHmHHbi there are one thousand workers in this factory, half of them being womOH KHXcenep, -~- onbiTen; and Hbifi he is an engineer, an experienced one into the
bargain; 11 adv. -- TyT H? what on earth have I to do with it?, how on earth do I come in? npHHecaxb see npHMecbisaTb. npHHecaxbCji see npHMecwBaTbCH. npHHec|Ka [prîch\6sk9] /
-KH, -OK hair-cut; hair-do; CAejiaxb ~Ky have one's hair
cause {that produces an effect); reason {a cause; an explanation); yBajKHxejibHaH ~-a good reason, valid reason, good excuse; no toh HJiH HHOH ~e for some reason or other; no ~e because (o/), owing {to), on account {of), by reason {of).
[prîchîna]
npMHHHHTb see npHHHHHTb. npHHHH|nTb [prîch^'inât']

imperf -hio, -neuib, npHHHH|HTb [prîch'înît^] perf -K), -HUIb, p -HJI, imp -H
cause, occasion; ~-flTb dojib hurt, give pain; ~HTb 6ecnoKOHCTBo gi\e trouble, trouble;
put
to
npHuiHB|aTb imperf -aio,
inconvenience. [prîshivat^]
-aeuib,
npH-bib,
luJHTb [prîshft^] perf -beuib, p -HJI, imp -eft

{on, to).
sew
npHuêMUTb
JIHTb.
see
npHmeM-
done. npHHecbiBlaxb
npHmcMjilflTb [prîshîi^m[prîch^dstlât^]
imperf
-hk),
-neiub,
V9t^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, npnHec|aTb [pr'ichî^sat^] perf npHqemy, npHqemeiiib, p -aji, imp npHMeuiH do, dress {the hair); comb {the hair); brush {the hair); ~aTb kopo-ji. do/ dress smb's hair. npHHecbiB|aTbC5i [pr^'ich^dsivattsa] -aiocb, imperf
-aeiiibcfl,
npHmeM|HTb
[prîsh^:i^mît^]
perf -JiK), -HUIb, p -HJI, imp -H pinch, squeeze. npHm,ypHB|aTbcsi[pr''ish^:urîvattsa]

-aiocb, imperf -aembCH,npHm,yp|HTbcsi [prî-
npHHeclaxbCfl [prî-
sh^:urîtts9] perf -loch, -uuih-HJiacb, imp CH, p -HJicH, -bCJi, -bxecb screw up one's eyes.
tlpH
360
-a
5.
npHWT [prîyut, -d] shelter, refuge.
[prîyutît^] npHK)|THTb per} -^y, -xHiub, p -thji, imp to see); 6. the perfective as-TH shelter, give refuge. npHaxejilb [prîyatîl**] m pect: nponexb [prAp^'et''] perf -51, friend (an intimate of nexb. -eft npo... II pref of nouns & acquaintance). meaning 'acting npMflXHo [prîyatna] I adv adjectives in the interests of, 'being a pleasantry, agreeably; partisan of: npo(f)aiiiHcx [praII impers predic it's pleasant. npHflTH|biH [prîyatniyj a fAshlst] pro-fascist; npoaMe[prAAmîrîkansh /npHflieH, -a, -o, -bi pleas- pHKaHCKHH agreeable, skîy] pro-American. ant, pleasing, np66|a [proba] / -bi, welcome. 1. npo [pro; in the first pre- trial, test; try-out; 2. samprA; in the ple (a small portion); 3. standtonic position position ard {of gold, etc); hallmark; second pretonic 56-6h -bi 14-carat pra] prep with ace denoting aojioxo the direction of a conversa- gold. npoSerlaxb fprabî^gat^] tion or thinking: paccKasbitell about imperf -aeiub, mo-ji. -aio, BBTb npo6enero JKJaxb smth; tell of smth; [prabî^zhat^'l perf forgotten npo6ery, -Huib, npo6eryx, p 3a6biJiH they've -aji, imp npo6erH 1. pass a'bout him. npo... I pref of verbs de- (running), run by; run (past, noting 1 movement through or through, along, over); 2. run, between smth: npoTOJiKnyxb cover (a distance); 3. fig col [pratAlknut*'] push through look through, skim. nporepexb npo6eji fprAbêl] m -a, -ob {a cork, etc); [pratî^rêt*'] rub through a 1. blank, gap; 2. flaw, defisieve; 2. an action which re- ciency, gap; BOcnoJiHHXb sults in a hole, hollow, crack, make up for a deficiency; nporpbiaxb [prAgrls^t^J meet a lack; fill a want. etc: gnaw through; npocBepjiHXb npo6HB|axb[prab''ivat^] im-aeiub, npo6|Hxb [pras^vî^rlît^] bore, pierce; perf -aio, 3. movement past smb, smth: [prAbît^] perf -bib, -beiub, npoiuMbirHyxb [prashmtg- p -HJi, -HJia, -HJio, -HJiH, imp
yxpa sleep till ten an action with a harmful result: nporjiHAexb [pragl'î^dêt^] overlook (fail
MacoB
a.m.;
nut''] steal, slip {past, into); 4.
-efl
1.
going on action for a certain period: npopa66xaxb

ing;
an
pierce,
ticket,
make / punch a hole; go through; punch (a etc); breach; puncture

etc);
BCK)
HOMb
work
all
(a
tyre,
-HJI,
night, spend all night work-
&
-HJia,
npocnaxb
ô
agchxh
np66HJiH
&
2. (p np66HJi np66HJio & -hjio, -hjih) {no imperf)

have
clock);
361
npo
perf -locb, nposajiHuibCH,
-HJiacb,
struck,
strike
{of
ttja]
ce6e flopory 1) force -Hxecb 1. fall through, come one's way through; 2) fig ôwn, collapse; 2. fig col fail, miscarry; 3. fig col dismake one's way in life. npo6Hp|aTbC5i [prabîrattsa] appear, vanish; imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, npo- <> OH rOXOB 6bIJl CKBOSb [prAbrattja] 6p|aTbCfl perf seMJiK) npOBajiMXbCfl he wished npo6epycb, npo6epembCH, p the earth/ floor would open -ajiacb, -aJicH, imp npo6e- beneath his feet. npoBepHXb see npoBepnxb. pHCb, npoCepHxecb make one's way, thread one's way; elbow npoeeplKa [prAvêrka] / one's way; steal {through, -KH, -OK verification {the prointo, past); ~aTbCH omynbio cess of); checking, check-up, control; test, examination. feel/ grope one's way.
<>
axb
-HJiCH,
imp
-ricb,
npo6MTb see. npoSHBaxb & 6HTb 7. np66|Ka [propka] / -kh, -ok

1.
npoeepjaxb [pravî^rât^] imperf -hkd, -Heuib, npoBep|HXb [prAvêrît^] perf -k), -Huib, p -HJi, imp -b check (up), verify; test; -nxbqacbi.
set a
cork; stopper, plug;
2.
fig
(traffic)
fic
jam, blocking;
3.
traf-
congestion;
<>
OH
is
he
-bi,
KaK a blockhead / an
rjiyn
electr fuze; Ka col

ass.
^
/
v/atch [clock] to the correct time; Hxb xexpa^H correct {student^') notebooks.
npoSjiCMla
[prAbPema] problem {a matter
of
doubt or difficulty). np66|OBaTb [probavat^] imperf

-yfl,
-yK), -yeuib,
-oeaji,
imp
no:np66oBaTb [pAproba1.
vat^] perf
taste (/ood); feel
npoBccxH see npOBOAHXb I. npoBexpHB|axb [prAvêtrîvat^] -aeuib, imperf -aio, [prAvêtr^'it^] npoBexplHXb perf -K), -HUJb, p -HJI, imp -H air {a room, clothes, etc); ventilate {a room).
[pravînî-HuibCH, p -HJicH, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb be at fault; be guilty {of), commit an offence {in);
ttsa]
{examine by touching); test; 2. attempt, try {to do smth). npo66p [prAbor] m -a, -ob
parting {in the hair). npo6paTbCfl see npo6HpaxbCH. npceaji [prAval] m -a, -oe failure, fiasco; miscarriage
npoBHH|HXbCfl perf -ibcb,
-HXbCH nepeA kcm-ji. do smb wrong, wrong smb.

-a, npoBOfl [provat, -d] pi -a, -OB electr wire, lead, conductor. npoBOAlMXb I [pravAdît^]
{of plans, etc);
<> y Hero -^ nariJiTH his memory is a blank. npoBajiHB|aTbCH [prAvaPi- imperf npoBO^y, npoBOfiyiuih, vattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeuib- p -HJI, imp -H, npoBejcxH CH, npoBajiJHTbCfl [pravAlî- [pravî^s^tî] perf -Ay, -fleiub,
npo
p npoBeji,
362
~aTb
rjiaaaMH
follow
-Jia, imp -ah 1. {smb ikrough, take, lead pibt (ships)smth); into 2. run, pass (one's hand, etc, over smth); 3.: htb flopory lay out a road; HibêJies-
<>
with one's eyes. npOBOsrjiacMTb see npOBoarjiamaxb. npoB03rjiaiij|aTb [pravazglAshaf^J imperf -aFo, -aemb, npoB03rjiac|HTb [pravazglAsît^] npOBOBfJiaujy, perf
-HUJb, p 'liJi, imp -Id proclaim (a republic, etc); enunciate (a theory, etc); arb Ji63yHr advance / set forth a slogan;
Hyio Aopory build a railway; -^HTb Kanaji build a canal;
-^HTb sjieKxpHMecTBO
install
electrical equipment; install electricity; ~HTb BOAonpo-
BOA lay
~HTb
ply
),
water (supply); raa lay on gas (supon
aib
toast
to...
TOCT
to...
3a...
put in gas pipes; 4. draw (a line, etc); 5. hold (a meet' ing, etc); carry out (reforms,
tests,
etc);
etc);
drink to..., propose a toast

Iprava-
npoBOKauMpHHbiH
k9tji6nniy] a (act, statement,
/
~HTb
conduct (lessons, nojiHTHKy pursue
provocative
etc).
policy; ~HTb b follow a implement, realize, >KH3Hb put into practice; 6. spend, '-Hib BpeMH pass; BeceJio time, enjoy have a good (no imperf) col oneself; 7. cheat, dupe, trick, take in, Bbi MeuH He npOBefool; Aeie you can't fool me.
npoBOKauHJ[pr9VAkatjiy9]
-H,
'H
1.
citement;
2.
provocation, inprovocation (in

[pr6v9l9k9]
f
politics, etc).
np6B0ji0K|a
-H wire (a
metal thread). npoBopHlbiH [prAv6rniy] a sh f npoB6peH, -a, -o, -bi

adroit,
dexterous,
agile;
npOBOAHTb
Hâib.
II
see
npoBO-
prompt, quick, swift.

nporjiaTbiB|aTb
V9t'']
npoBOAHHK
-g]
-a,
2.
-6b
[pr9VAd''n''ik, 1. electr con-
imperf
-aio,
[prAglati-aemb,
ductor;
fig
II
bearer, chametc).
nporjiOT|MTb perf nporjioqy,
[pr9glAt''it^]
npor;i6THmb,
pion (of ideas,
-ttJi,
imp
-H
swallow (1)
insult, etc);
npoBOAHMK
-q]
tor.
[prsvAd'^n^'ik,
1.
food,
etc;
2) an
-a,
2.
-6b
guide, con-
gulp (down).
ductor;
rly guard, conduc-
npopHaxb see nporoHHib. npoFHoa |prAgn6s, -z]

-a,
[pr8VAzhat''] npOBOKJaTb imperf -aio, -aemb, npoBOAlMTb [pravAdîf'l perf npoBo^y, npoB6Aniiib, p -\\j\ imp -H see off; see (smb home, etc); accompany (a
-OB prognosis,
forecast,
nporojiOAlaTbcn [pr9g9lAdatls9] perf -anDCb, -aembCH get hungry; feel / be hungry.

nporoHJniTb
[pragAn'ât'']
imperf
-hio,
-jiemb,
woman,
etc)-.
rHJaib [prAgnat'']
npoperf npo-
363 -^
roHK),
-ajia,
npo
nporoHHiiib,
-ajio,
-aji,
dvînuttja] perf -ycb, -embCH,

-yjiCH,
-yjiacb,
-ajiH,
imp npo- p
imp
-bCH,
roHH drive away, send away;

dismiss, fire, sack.
advance {also fig), move forward on further; mil

-bxecb
/ /
[prAgramma] nporpaMMJa / -bi, ~ program! me); curriculum; syllabus {in a sub'

Jecty,
schedule {in radio, etc). npcrpecc [prAgr'ês. -z] m

progress
nporyji
{of
gain ground; axbCH enepeA advance, move forward / on / further. npoziBHHyxb see npoflBHalso
raxb.
-a
science, etc);
Ao6HTbCH
~a make
fprAgul]
progress.
npoiiBMHyxbcn raxbCH.
see
npOABH-
-a,
-ob
truancy {an act of). [prAgulka] nporyjiJKa

-KH, trip
[prAd'êlka] npOiiejilKa KH, -OK trick, piece of mischief;
prank.
see
-OK
{to
walk
the
{for pleasure);
npoflMKxoBaxb
ahkxo-
Baib. ride npoAJieBJaxb [pradPi^vat^] drive {in a -aemb, npoimperf -aio, {on a bicycle, etc). npoAa|BaTb [pradAvat^] im- flji|nxb [prAclPit*'] perf -ib, perf -K), -emb, p -eaji, imp .'Hmb, p -HJi, imp -H prolong, [prAdat^] extend (a ticket, term, etc), -Bafl, npoAlaxb npoAJiHXbcsi see A-^HXbcn. perf m, -amb, acT, -a^HM, npoAOBOjibcxBeHHbiH -aAHxe, -ajiy p npoAaJi, IpraMara-ajia, npojxajio, np6;iajiH imp dAvoPs^'t^v^'inniy] a: 3HH grocery and provision -afl sell' {goods, etc; also fig). npoflaejeu, [prsdAvêts, -dz] shop, food store; CKJiaa m -ua, -uoB shop-assistant, food storehouse. salesman; seller; vendor. [pradAnpofloBojibcxBHle n -h foodnpofla}K|a [prAdazha] / -h vol^s^t^vîya] sale, -â 6HJieT0B -stuffs, provisions, victuals. selling; booking {of tickets); a ~e npoAOJiroBaxIbiH [pradalgAon sale. vatty] a s/i / ~, -a, -o, -bi obnpojiaxb see upojxaBSiTh. long {greater in length than npoABHrjaxb [pradvigat^] in breadth). imperf -aio, -aemb, npoflDiinpoAOJiJKlaxb [pradAlzhat**] [prAdvînut^] H|yTb perf imperf -aro, âemb, npojioji-emb, -y, p -yji, imp -b jKJHXb [prAdolzhit''] perf'-y, 1. move on / forward / further, 'Huih, p -HJi, imp -H continpush on / forward / further; ue, go on keep on, proceed extend {to, as far as); 2. fig with. col promote, further, advance. npoAOji)K|axbCfl [pradAlnpOABHr|aTbCM [pradvî- zhattja] imperf -aexcH last, gattja] imperf -aiocb, -aemb- continue, go, be in progress. ca, npoABHHlyTbca (pfAnpOA0flweHH|e [pradAbhe'
country, car, etc)r
etc);
,
npo
n^'iya]
2.
364
n -h, -h 1. tion; sequel {that

lows);
continuafol-
which continued {at
the
beginning of the next portion of an article, etc); e cjieAyeT to be continued {at the end of a portion of an article,
etc);
pass through {to), go {to) {both by vehicle); pass {along), go {along) {both in a vehicle); cover {a distance, in a vehicle);
2.
miss
{a
stop, etc).
npocKT [prAekt, -gd]
-a,
to
be continued
--e b cjieAyiomeM HOMepe in the next
project, design; 2. -OB 1. draft {of a resolution, etc).
issue;
npoexaib see npoesjKaib. npOKCKTOp [prAzhektar] m

-a,
during, tlirougliout, <> B in the course of. npo;iojiH<HTejibH|biH [pradAlzh+tîl^nty]

AOJiJKHieJieH
,
-OB searchlight.
/
np63|a [proza]
{also fig).
-u prose
sh
npolong,
nposBHiule
[proz^vîsh'^.a]
-a,
-o,
-bi
prolonged. npo;t6jiMTb
jKaib.
see
npoflOJi-
nickname. nposBynaxb see sBynaTb. nposeeaTb see seBaTb 3. nposHMOBaxb see sHMOBaib.
-a,
npoiiyKT [prAdukt, -gd] m pi -bi, -OB 1. {mostly pi) food-stuffs, victuals, provisions; ~bi HHTaHHH food products, food-stuffs; 2. product (a thing produced, etc); bi ceJibCKoro xosflflcTBa agricultural produce. [prAduktjtya] npoAyKu,Hlfl / -H production, output; Bb'inycK npoMbiuiJieHHOH ~h industrial output. m npoesii [prAyest, -zd] -a, -OB passage, thoroughfare; -â Her no thoroughfare.
-a,
[prAzrach^npospaHHlbiM nty] a sh f npoapaêH, -a, -Q, -bi transparent {also fig).
npoHrpaxb
Baxb.
see
npoHrpw-
npoMrptielaxb [prAigrivaf*] -aio, -aemb, npoimperf Mrpjaxb [praigrat^J perZ-aio, -aeuib lose {a game, etc, or in a game, etc).
npoHrpbiiii fproigrtsh, -zh] -a, -efl loss {in a game, etc); sport defeat; 6bixb b ~e be the loser. npoH3Be;ieHHle [praiz^vî^-
npoesAOM [prAyezdam] adv dênîya]

col
passing passing, through; b on the way to. npoesjKJaTb [prayi^zhîat^]

in
work, n -h. production {of art, etc); opus, composition; 2. math product.
see
imperf
-aio, -aeuib,
npoex|aTb
npoe;;y, npoeêmb, p -a;i 1. go {past, by, through), {by, pass through) {both in a vehicle); drive {past, by, through);
fprAyekhat^]
perf
npoHseecxH AHXb 1, 3.
npoHSBO-
ride
{past,
by,
through)',
npoHSBOflHxejibHocxlb [praizvAdîf'il^nasH^, -zM'^JZ-H productivity {of labour, etc). [pranpoH3BOAMTejibHlbiH izvAdît^'il^ntyJ a sh f npo-
365
-a, -o, -bi proH3B0AHTejieH ductive, efficient; ~bie cHjibi econ productive forces. [praizvAnpoHSBOAJHTb
npo
npOHseojKy, dît^] imperf npoHSBOAHuib, p -HJi, imp -h, npOHSBejCTH [praiz^vî^s^tîj perf -Ay, -Aeuib, p npoHsseji,
-Jia,
npoH3Hoiuy, imperf npoHSHocHiub, p -iij], imp -u, npoH3Hec|TH [praiz'^nî^s^tî] perf -y, -eiub, p npoHSHec, -jia, imp -H 1. pronounce, articulate; 2. pronounce, utter, say; -Hxb pe^b make/ desît^]
liver a speech.
imp -AH
1.
make
out
{experetc);
{work, 2. {no perf) etc); 3.: manufacture; HTb BneqaxJieHHe make ^n impression; ^HXb uiyM make a noise; <> ~HTb Ha CBCT bring into the world, give birth to. carry
iments, execute, repairs, produce,
calculations,
[praiznAnp0H3H0iueHHle shenîya] n -h pronunciation {of words, etc).
npoH30HXH
1,
see
npoHCxoAHTb
[praiskhA-
2.
npoHcxoA|HTb
dît^] npoHcxojKy,
npoHcxo-H,
AHUib,
-HJI,
imp
npo-
[praizAytî] H30h1xh perf -Aex, p npoH3oiiie;i, npOHSouijia, imp -AH 1. happen, npoH3B6ACTBeHH|biH [pr9- occur, take place; mxo SAecb what's izvotjtv^mniy] a production npoHcxoAHx? up?; {attr); '-an npaKXHKa practi- what's going on here?; 2. be
cal (work), practical training; output pro-~oe 3aAaHHe gramme; output target; '-oe
o6yqeHHe industrial training. [praisnpoHCxo)KAeHH|e npoHSBOAcrBJo [praizvotjtV9] rt -a 1. production, man- khAzhdên'îya] n -h origin; cn6co6 â mode birth, descent, extraction. ufacture; npoHcujcTBH|e of production; cpeAcxea ~a fpraishemeans of production; opyAHH s^'t^vîya] n -h, -h incident, ~a implements of produc- event'; accident {an unfortution; H3Aep>KKH ~a cost of nate event). production; 2. factory, works; npoHXH see npoxoAHTb. industry; hohxh Ha ~o benpOKjiaAbiB|axb [prAkladi-
the result {of), take place as a result {of); 3. {no perf) come {from) {by origin); descend {from), come {of).
come
-y, npojioJKHmb, p -hji, imp OCraBHTb Ha '- -H 1. lay (a pipeline, etc); cyAbSbi leave to the mercy build (a tunnel, etc); --axb of fate. Aopory / nyxb build a road; npOHSHecTH see npoHsno- make [also see path a CHXb. <0>]; ~axb ce6e Aopory work npoH3Hoc[HTb [praiznA- one's way; elbow one's way
<!>
a factory worker. npOHSBOJi [praizvol] m -a arbitrary rule; arbitrariness;
-aeuib, vat^] imperf -aio, npojiO)K|HXb [pralAzhtt^] perf
6p6cHTb
npo
366
perf -ycb,
[also see 2. interlay <>]; (lay between); ~aTb ziopory / nyxb pave the way; ~aTb ce6e Aopory make one's way in life; axb
nuttsa]
-embCH,
-ftcb,
p
-h-
-yjiCH, -yjiacb,
imp
lecb
fig)n^'iya]
to hit,
miss (one's aim), fail miss the mark {also
HOBbie nyiH blaze new trails. npOKjiflTHJe [prAklâtîya]

I
npoMefljieHH|e [pramî^dl^6n -h delay, lingering.
-,
-ft
1.
damnation,
curse,
npoMeiKyT|oK
tak,
-g]
2.
[pramî^zhu-
imprecation;
cation;
II
2.
impre-
gap;
(also npOKJiHTbe)
see
-a,
-Ka, -kob 1. space, interval, period of
asanint
damn!, confoundl
npoKOHcyjibTHpoBaTbCJi KOHCyJIbTHpOBaTbCH.
time (between). npoMOKarejibHlbm [pramAkatîPniy] a: ~?yi 6yMara

blotting-paper.
npoKypop [prakuror]
-OB public prosecutor,
public
procurator.
npojierapHaT [praPitarîat,
-d]
-a
proletariat
(the
working
class).
npojierapHlfi [pralî^tarîy] -H, -eB proletarian; -~h
[pramAkat^] npOMOKJaTb imperf -aw, -aeuib, npoMOKH|yTb [prAmoknut^] perf -y, -euih, p npoMOK, npoMOKjia, imp -H 1. get wet /soaked/ npoMOKHyib jip drenched; Kocreft get wet / drenched to
the
skin;
2.
[no
perf)
let
Bcex crpaH, coeAHHHHxecb! workers of the world, unite! npojieTapcK|HH [pralî^tarsk^'iy] a -an, -oe, -He proletarian.
water through, not be waterproof.
npoMonlHTb
perf
-y,
imp
-H
[pramAchît^] npoMOMHUib, p -hji, get (smth) wet; drench,
npojiHB [prAlîf, -v] -a, -OB strait(s) (a water-way). [pral'îvat^j npojiHBJaTb imperf -aio, -aeiub, npojilHib [prAl'ît^] perf -bib, -beuib, p npoJiHji (-HJi), -Hjia, npoJIHJIO
soak.
npOMToeapIbi [pramtAvari]
pi -OB (=npoMbiiiiJieHHbie loeapbi) manufactured goods.
npOMbiLUJieHHOCT|b [prAml-
shPmnas^t^,
dustry
{1)
(-HJIO), npOJIHJIH (-HJIH),

-eft
1.
-z^d^] / -h inthe mining and
imp
2.
spill
[a liquid);
shed {blood, tears); ~aTb CBCT Ha HTO-JI. <> throw /shed light on smth. npojiojKHTb see npoKjiaAWeaTb.
manufacturing part of a national economy; 2) any branch

of this); Ao6biBaK)maH
tractive industry;
~b exo6pa6aTbi-
Baioman
~b
manufacturing
npowax
-a,
2.
-OB
1.
[promakh, -gh] m miss {in shooting);
fig blunder; slip (an error).
industry; KpynHan b large-scale industry. npOMbiuj.neHHb:ft [prAmtshPmnty] a industrial {enterprise,

etc).
npOMaxHlyTbcii
[pramAkh-
2567
npooHCbiBJaxb imperf
-aio,
npo
[prApîsi-
npoH3HTejibH|biM [pFAn'z'if'lPniy] a sh f npoHSHTejien, -0, -bi shrill, piercing, -a, sharp {voice, look, etc),
[pran^'ikat^] npOHUKJaTb imperf -ara, -aeuib, npoHHK-
vat^]
nponHc|axb
-aeuib, [prap^'isat^] perf
nponumy, nponuuieuib, p -aji, imp npoDHUiH 1. register {ai

the place of residence); 2. prescribe {a medicine). nponoBeAJb [pr6pav'it^,-d^] -eu sermon preach/ -H,
ing.
Hlyxb [prAnîknut^] perf

-eUIb,
jia,
-y,
p imp
npOHHK,
-H
npOHHK{into,
penetrate
also through]) go fig)* {through)^ pass {through). npoHuuaTejibH|biH [pranîtjatîl^'niy] a sh f npoHHuaxejieH, -a, Vo, -u
nponopuHOHajibHibiH [prapartstAnaPnty] a sh f nponopuHOHajieu, -a, -o, .-u proportional, proportionate. nponycK [propusk, -zg] m -a, pi -H (-a), -OB (-6b) 1. {pi -a, -6b) pass (a document); -H, -ob) blank, gap, 2. {pi interval; 3. {pi -h, -ob) absence, non-attendance. nponycK|axb [prapuskat^]
shrewd, pen-
perspicaetrating, acute, cious; piercing {look, etc).

/
-bi
nponaraHA|a [prapAganda] propaganda {dissemination and elucidation of theories and ideas). [pranponaraHflMpjOBaTb pagAn^d^'iravat^] imperf -yio, imperf -aK),~ -aeuib, npony-yeiub, p -OBaji, imp -yfi cx[Hxb [prapus^tît^] perf nponycxHuib, advocate, propagandize; pop- nponymy, p
ularize {science, achievements, etc). [prapAdat''] nponafllaxb
-HJi,
imp
-H
1.
let
pass,
let
imperf
-aio, -aeuib,
npona|cTb
perf -Ay, -Aeuib, p -Ji, imp -AH 1. be missing, be lost; 2. disappear, vanish; die, pass {of feelings); 3. perish,
lost;
etc);
[prApas^t^]
go (past), make way for; let in, admit; let {smb) out {of a room, etc); 2. {no perf) let pass (through) {water, 'etc); be transparent; be pervious to {water, etc); 3. miss {a lecture,
etc);
let
etc); 4.
slip {an op-
die,
4.
be done for, be be wasted {of iime,
portunity, out, skip.
omit, leave
FAe Bbi ajiH? where have you been?; ohuih nponajio

col
it
<
npopBaxb
see
npopbmaxb.
is
as
good as
nexb
see
lost.
1,
nponexb
Baxb.
see
iiponHcaxb
nponHCbi-
nponHc|Ka [prApîska] / -KH, -OK registration {at the place of residence).
/npopBaxbCfl see npopuBaXbCH. npopbiB [prArif, -v] -a, -OB 1. mil break-through; 2. fig hitch {in work, etc); lag, plan; lagging behind the catch up jiHKBHAHpoBaxb with the plan; make good (m one's work); BUBecxH npeji-
npo
npH^THe H3
terprise out
~a
{of
help an enserious pro-
duction difficulties); help an enterprise catch up with the plan. npopbiB[aTb [prarivat^]
V9t^] imperf -aK), -aeuib, npocjiyiu|aTb [prAslushat^] perf -aK), -aeiiib 1. hear, listen to; 2. hear, attend {lectures, etc)*, 3. (no imperf) miss, not catch {what has been said).
npocMaTpHB|aTb [prAsmatp rîvat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib^ -aji, -ajia, -ajio, -ajiH, imp -h npocMOTplexb [prasmAtrêf^] break (through) {also mil). perf -K), npocMOTpHUib, p -eji, npopbiB|aTbCj! [prarivattsa] imp -H 1. look through / over, imperf -aiocb, -aembcn, npo- run over 2. {no imperf) overimperf
-aio, -aeuib,
npopB|aTb
-eiiib,
[prArvat*']
perf
-y,
pelaTbcn
[prArvattsa]
perf
look,
etc);
miss;
3.
see
see
{a film,
etc).
-ycb, -euibCH, p ajick, -ajiacb, -ajiocb (-a;iocb), -ajiHCb (-ajiiiCh),imp -HCb, -Hiecb 1. tear, become torn, burst; 2. burst open; break {of an abscess, dyke, etc); 3. force one's way
preview {a film,
npocHyibCfl n^TbCH.
npocbi-
npocnaxb see npocbinaxb I. npocneKT [prAs^pêkt, -gd] -a, -OB avenue {a street).
npocnpjiraTb see cnpHraxb.
npocp6HHB)aTb [prAsrochî-aio, imperf -aeiiib, npocBemeHH|e [pras^vî^- npocp6H|HTb [prAsrochît^j sh^:enîy9] n -h education, perf -y, -mub, p -hji, imp national education; enlighten- -b exceed the time-limit; npocpOHHTb ynjiary fail to ment. njJoclHTb [prAsît^] imperf pay in time.
vat^]
(through) {also mil); 4. fig burst forth, burst out {of anger, etc).
(through),
break
npomy, npocHiub, p
-H,
-hji,
imp
noinpocHTb [paprAsît**] perf 1. ask, beg {smb to do smth, permission, etc); ask for, beg for; - Hxb mhjioctlihio beg, go begging; 2. plead, intercede {with smb for smb);
3.
invite, ask;
<>
npomy
Bac!
1)
please!; 2)
npocTepexbcsi see npocxHpaxbCH. npocxHp|axbcH [pras^tîrattsa] imperf -aexcH, npo[pras^f'i^rêttsa] cxepexbCH perf p npocxepcH, npocxepjiacb stretch {of a forest, etc); ~-axbCH ji,o qero-ji. reach smth, stretch to "smth.
help yourself, please!; npocflT He KypHTb! no smoking,

please!
npocxHXb
npocxo
see npouj.axb.
npocxHXbCfl see npomaxbCH.

[prosta]
it
I
adv
npocKjioHTi>
see
ckjio-
HHTb II. npocjiymaxb

lIIHBaTb.
see
npocjiy-
npocjiyuiMBJaib [prAslushi-
simply; II impers predic {to do smth); it do smth); III part intens
is
is
simple easy {to
&
r^str cqI;

'-
369 --
npo
oh -H, pi npOCTUHH, npOCTblHb, pa3o6paTb sto -HM (bed-)sheet. npocbihe simply cannot make it npocbinaxb see out; OH -~ HHqero ne snaex naTb II. he just knows nothing; npocbinlaxb I [prasipat^] <> ~ TaK for no particular imperf -aio, -aeiiib, npocn|aTb
yscac!
it's
just awful!;
He
MojKei
reason.
[prAspat^] perf
-a./i,
-Jiib,
-Hiub,
npocxloH I [prAstoy] a sh f ', -a, npocTO, npocTbi {-hi) 1. simple; easy {not diff-' cult);
2.
-ajia,
-ajio,
-ajiH,
imp
common, ordinary;
plain,
the
simple;
~biM rjiasoM <> naked eye.

standing wasted (standing
-eB
with
-H 1. oversleep (oneself); 2. {no imperf) sleep (//// or for a certain time); 3. col (oversleep and) miss {a train, etc). npocbm|aTb II [prastpat^] imperf -k\o, -aeuib, npocbi-
npocTolfl II [prAstoy]
idle;
idle),
-h,
n|aTb
-Huib,
[prAstpat^]
perf
-b
-jiio,
time
period
{de-
-aji,
imp
etc).
spill
{sugar, flour,
of idleness;
tention).
demurrage
npocTOKBauila
[prastAkva-
npocbm|aTbcsi [prasipattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiUbCH, npocHJyTbCH [prAsnuttja] perf

-ycb, -euibCH,
sha] / -H sour milk.
-yjicH, -yjiacb,
npocT6pH|biH [prAstorniy] a sh f npocTopen, -a, -o, -bi spacious, roomy; loose, wide
{clothes).
imp -HCb, awake.

1.
-Hxecb
wake
/
(up),
np6cb6|a [proz^ba]
-u,
stva] n
ited
npocTpaHCTBlo -a space
room',
[prAstran(1)
unlim-
request {1) the act of; 2) what is asked for); o6pau;axbCH c OH make a request;
room between y MeHH K BaM a may I ask smth); 6e3B03flymHoe ~o 1) you a favour?; ~a ne myphys vacuum; 2) outer space; Mexb silence, please!; a ne nycToe ~o void, space. KypHXb no smoking, please!;
2)
npocTyflHTbCJi see npocryHCaTbCH. npocTy}K|aTbC5i [prastuzhattj9] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH. npocTy;ilHTbCfl [prastudîttsa] npocTy}Kycb, npocryperf
JlHUIbCH,
2.:
~a o HOMHJioBaHHH appeal for mercy, appeal for a pardon. [pratî^kat^] npoxcKJaxb

imperf
-aex,
npoxelnb [prA-ner,
1.
têch^]
perf
-Kjia
-Kyx,
-HJICH,
-HJiaCb,
imp
cold.
-HCb,
-HTecb
catch
(a)
npocxynloK [prAstupak, -g] -Ka, -KOB misdemeanour, bad deed, bad conduct.
{mostly imperf) flow, run {of a stream); 2. be leaky, leak; 3. ooze, leak; 4. elapse, pass (of time); 5. fig proceed {of a process); ~axb HopMajibHO take its
npoxeK,
npocTbiHlfl
[prasttn^'a]
normal course.
tipd
370
npOTHBHO [prAtîvna]
disgusting
I adv manner; stink, have a bad/
[prAt'est, -zd] protest; BbipasHXb make a protest, remonstrate; a protest lodge noABTb
-a,
npoxecT
-OB
m ^
in a
naxHyib
(with some organization).

vat'']
npoTecTlosaTb [prat^'istAImperf *-yio, -yeuib, p
-oeaji,
imp -yn
protest, re-
monstrate {against). npOTCHb see nporeKaTb. npOTHB [protîf, -v] I prep with gen denoting 1. position him. [pratîvAgds, opposite smth: ~ Moero oKHa npoTHBorda pacTCT 6epe3a there is a birch -z] m -a, -OB gas-mask. opposite my window; CHêTb npoTHBOfl^ficTBHle [pratîn -Ji, -fi Apyr ^ APyra sit facing each vAd^'eys^'t^v^'iya] movement in the opposition, counteraction. 2. 'other; opposite direction: ^ leqeHHn npoTHBonoJi6HocTlb [praCBeia m. n.] tîvapAlozhnas^t^, -z^d'^] f [Beipa, u
against
the
disgusting smell; II impers predic it is disgusting/repulsive/repugnant; eMy ~ he is disgusted. npoTHBHlbiH [prAtîvniy] a sh f npoTHBen, -a, -o, -bi nasty, offensive, unpleasant; OH MHenpOTHBeH I can't stand
current
[wind,
-H,
-efl
1.
contrast,
opposi-
to light, etc]\ 3. opposition smb or smth; the fact that
tionj 2v philos opposite; 3. opposite, antipode, antithesis;
smth
is done in spite of smh's BbiCTynarb -^ opinion^ etc. oppose / come npeflJiojKeHHH out against a proposal; speak against a proposal; HMeib have smth against, qxc-Ji.
npHMan ~b exact opposite; nojinan '~b exact antithesis; <0> B ~b HeMy-ji. contrary to smth; B ~b KOMy-ji. unlike
smb.
npOTHBono.n6{HlbiH [praf'ia sh f npoiHBonojiOHên, -a, -o, -bi oppo-
mind;
~ ~
bojih against one's
vapAlozhniy]
4. the fact that of the action is to be done away with: jienapKamji5i medicine for ctbo
[smb's] will;
the object
site {side, direction,
opinion)-,
contrary, opposed.
coughing; fiopoibCH ~ âlUHSMa fight / struggle against

II
xo^y sto -HeiDb, npOTHBOnOCTaBlHTb OH I want to [pratîvapAstavît''! perf do it, and he is against it/ he -jiio, -HUJb, p -Hji, imp -b 1. objects to it; 5i coecewi He ~ contrast {smth with smth); I've nothing against it. 2. oppose {smth to smth). [praf'ivAnpOTMBHHK [prAtîvnîk, npoTHBopcHHle 1. opponent; rêch^'iya] n -n, -h contra-g] m -a, -ob adversary; 2. mil enemy. diction; npHXOAHTb B -ê c...
adv. h
CAeJiaTb,
a
fascism; as an
npOTHBonocTdBHTb see npoTHBOnOCiaBJlHTb. npoTHBonocTaBjilflTb [pratîvapastAvlât^] imperf -mo,
~
come
xoflHTbCH
371
npo
in conflict with...; nac... be at B
~H
variance
witli...
np0THB0pe4|HTb [pratîvArêchît^] imperf -y, -Hiub, p -HJi, imp -h 1. contradict

gainsay; 2. contradict run counter (to), be at variance {with). npoTKHyxb see npoibiKaxb. npoTOKOJi [pratAkol] m -a, -OB 1. minutes {of a meeting, etc); BecTH tal<e the minutes; 2. protocol {diplomatic).
{stub),
teach a (good) les-i5" col son. npo(|)eccHOHajibHbiH [prafîsîAuaPniy] a professional;
occupational {disease, etc); vocational {training, etc).

npocjjeccHJji
-H, -H
(smth),
[prAfêsîya] / profession, occupation,
nporyxHyxb
sê
TyxHyxb
II.
npOTbiK|aTb [pratikat''] imperf -aK), -aeujb, npOTKH|yTb [prAtknut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -H pierce (through); transfix. npOTHrHB|aTb [prAtâgîV9t^] imperf -aio, -aeinb, npoTJiH|yTb [protî^nut^] perf
trade. npo(j)eccop [prAfêsar] -a, pi -a, -OB professor (a teacher). np64)Hji|b [profîl^] -h, -efl 1. profile; 2. speciality (o/ an educational institution); school); type cneuna{of JiHCx uiHpoKoro -~5i specialist of broad specialization.
npO(})coK)3
[prafsAyus,
-z]
npoTHHeuib, p -yji, imp stretch {along or as far as smth); 2. stretch out, reach out, extend; offer, proffer; 3. {no imperf) col last, lin-y,
-H
1.
(=npo4)eccHOHajibHbiH coK)3) trade union. npo$coK)3HbiH fprafsAyuzniy] a trade-union {attr). npoxjiaAH|b!H [prAkhladniy] a sh f npoxjiaflCH, -a, -o, -bi
-a,
-OB
fresh;
-a,
cool {also fig).
npoxoA
[prAkhot,
-d]
-OB passage {1) the act of;
ger,
<0>
live;
npOTjiHyTb HOPH col die, turn up one's toes. npoTfl)KeHH!e [pratî^zhenîya] n -h extent, stretch; Ha ~H ACCHTH KHJIOMexpOB for a distance of ten kilometres; Ha BceM ~H all (the
2) a corridor); passage-way, ' saKpbix no pass; aisle; passage; --a Hex no passage; anat anus; 3a;iHHH <> zool vent; ne aaeaxb -~-a (~y) KOMy-ji. pursue smb pestering and badgering him.
way)
(of);
along,
the full length

for
^poxo;^)Hxb [prakhAdît^] imperf npoxoxcy, npoxoAHuib, imp -H, npOH|xH p -HJI,

[prAytî] perf -Ay, -j\euib, p npomeji, npoiujia, imp -ah {move); go {on foot) 1. walk {both mostly in a certain direction or for a certain distance); go {along a certain
<>
Ha ~H...
npOTJiHyTb
(the
space
of) {several days, etc).
see
npoTHPH-
Baxb.
-y,
npoyH|Hxb [prauch^'it^] perf npoyHHuib, p -idJi, imp
npo
372
npouHTHpoBaxb
Baib.
see
route in a vehicle); fly (over, along); drive (along); sail (along); htb no Mocry cross
uHTHpo-
abridge; ~HTb flBaAUaxb khjiOMexpoB B AeHb cover twenty kilometres a day; npoftflHTe ciofla come over liere; npoHTH cjiaBHbiH nyib cover
glorious path; 2.: ~HTb by, pass (by) (both on foot or in a vehicle); 3. spread (of rumours, etc); a
npoHecTb see qHiaxb. np6H|HH [prochîy] I a

-He other I! as a noun -Hx: Bce ~He <> H ~ee et
-ee,
|
-an,
(different); n p 6 h He pi (all) the others; cetera, and so
on;
noMHMO
ecero
see
~ero
in
MHMO go
addition, besides.
npoHHiaTb
npOHHlbiH sh f npoHCH,
^HTaxb. fproch^nty]
-a,
a
(-h)
npomeji cjiyx,
mo...
it
it
was
o,
-bi
rumoured rumoured
pass (of a
elapse, go pire (of a (of time);
that...;
that...;
has been run, lie, road, etc); 5. pass, by (of time); exterm); slip away 6. go off, pass (of
4.
1. strong, solid; durable; 2. fig 'irm {stand, etc); lasting
(peace, edge).
etc);
sound
(knowl-
a performance, lesson, etc); noBCioAy npoxoAHT mhthhth rallies are held everywhere; 7. be over, pass (of a season, illness, etc); 8. col study (a subject at school, etc); perf also cover, complete (a subject),
adv npoHb [proch^, -j^] away, off; I go away!, away with youl; ~ oxcfbâl
get out of here!, clear out!; c AopoFH! get out of the
-ero,
npox6)KfHH [prAkhozhty] -Hx passer by.
way!, make way!; have nothing <> He 1) against (doing smth), have (doing to no objections smth); 2) be willing (to do smth), would like(ô do smth). a I npouijibiH [pr6shUy]
past
etc);
II
Ji joe n as a noun n p -oro the past. npomafi(xe) [prAsh^:ay(tî)]
npouBerjaTb [pratjvî^tat^] imperf -^k), -aeiub prosper, flourish; thrive (of economy).
(life,
etc);
last
(year,
6m
npoucHT [prAtjent,
-OB
rate;
1<
-d
m
m
-a,
per
cent;
percentage,
interest (on capital). npouecc [prAtjes, -z] -a, -OB 1. process (1) of growth,
2.
Int good-bye!
npoiu,ajibHbiH
[prAsh^:al^-
niy] a parting
farewell.
(words,
etc);
2) technol; 3) a course pasBHTHH deof events); velopment; 2. law trial; proceedings; legal action; lawsuit, suit; 3. med'. b jierKHX tuberculosis the (of lungs).
etc;
npomaHHle [prAsh^.anîya]
n
<>
-H,
-H
farewell;
parting,
leave-taking;
Ha
~e
-aK),
at parting.
npomlaxb
perf
[prAsh^'.at^]
im-
-aeujb,
npocxlHib
373
[prAs^'tît'']
ncn
-Huib,
-HJi,
imp
pardon; remit CTH(Te) mchh!

npoiu,|aTbCfl
~6k b Bbicoxy high jump; -OK B ;;jiHHy (long) jump; (a debt); npo- ~6k r mecxoM pole vault; excuse me! ~KH B BOAy diving; high
perf
npomy,
-H forgive,
[prAsh^:atts3]
diving.
imperf -arocb, -aeuibCH, npocrlMTbCH [prAs^'t^'ittsa] perf npomycb, -HuibCH, p -hjich,

-HJiacb,
npbim
-a,
-eft
[prish^:,
-zh^:[
-d'']
pimple, blotch.
/ -h,
npflfljb [prât^,
-eft
imp
-HCb, -Hiecb, noi-
[paprAshîattsa] npomarbcfl perf say good-bye {to), take (one's) leave {of).
lock {of hair). np)K|Ka [pr^'ashka] / -kh, -CK buckle, clasp.
npHMO
straight
2.:
npome
[pr6sh'':i]
comp
of
{in
adv 1. [prâma] a direct line);
npocTOH & corresp adv. nposKsaMeHOBaTb see 3K3aMeHOBaxb. npOHBHTb see npOHBJIHTb.
[prayi^vl^'at^] imperf -hkd, -neuib, npoHBlHTb
CHAexb
sit
upright
etc);
erect; 3. straight, directly {to,
from some place,

{to);
right
4.
fig
frankly, openly,
npoHBji(flTb
[prayi^vît^] perf -jik>, npoHBHiub, p -HJI, imp -H 1. display, show, manifest
{some feeling,
etc);
~HTb
ne-
[prî^moy] a sh npHMbi 1. straight {line, etc); 2. upright, erect; 3. direct {answer, elec{train, tions, etc); through
f
bluntly. ^jipnMJOH
-a,
npHMo,
peiuHxejibHocTb hesitate, be in doubt; 2. photo develop;

<> (a
' Tb ce6fl
2)
etc);
4.
frank,
sincere,
out-
worth;
1) prove one's prove oneself to be
spoken; straightforward; <> ~a5i KHuiKa anat rectum;
~6h
-a,
yroji
math
good teacher, npyA [prut, -d]
etc).
npaHHK
-6b
-bi,
right angle. [prânîk, -g[
-a,
pond. npy)KMH|a [pruzhtna] / spring {in a watch,
honey-OB treacle-cake; -cake; gingerbread. npMJxaxb [prâtat^] imperf

-My,
-'leuib,
etc;
-xaji,
imp
-Mb,
also fig). npyx [prut, -dj -a (-a), pi -bH, -beB 1. twig, switch; withe; 2. rod {of metal, etc). nphirjaxb [prtgat''] imperf -aio, -aeuib, npbirHJyxb [prtgnut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -H jump, spring, leap; bound {of a dog, etc); perf also take a leap / jump. npbiwIoK [prizhok,' -g] -Ka, -KOB jump, spring, leap;
[sprâtat^] perf hide, conceal {also fig). npfl|xaxbCJi [prâtattja] imperf -^ycb, -qeuibCH, p -xajicH, -xajiacb, imp -^bCH, -^bxecb, [sprâtattja] c:npflxaxbcfl perf hide, conceal oneself. [psîkhîncHXHHecKJHH ch^'isk'îy] a -an, -oe, -ne psychic(al), mental.
ncMXOJiorH'ifl
cinpHxaxb
[ps'îkhAlo-
gîya] / -h psychology.
nrn
374
nyabipjb
niHuja [ptîtsa] / -bi, '~bird; fowl; nepejieiHan a bird of passage (also fig).
[puzk^]
-h,
-eft
1.
bubble,
(on bladder;
bladder;
the skin);
2.
3.
col blister
[publîka] / -h anat nyejiMKJa MoqeBOH --b public; audience (at the the- urinary bladder. nyjieMex [pulî^m^'ot, -d] atre, etc); the spectators. [publîkA- m -a, -OB machine-gun; pyqnySjiHRJOBaTb vat^] imperf -yio, -yeiub, p HOH light machine-gun; -oeaji, imp -yfl, o;ny6jiHKo- cxaHKOBbiH medium ma6^5 heavy [ApublîkAvat^] EaTb perf chine-gun; mapublish; carry {of a newspa- chine-gun.
per, etc).
nyjibc
[pul^s,
-z]
m
-h,
-a
nySjiMHHbiH [publîch^niy] a public (library, lecture,

etc);
pulse (also fig); nyji|fl [pulâ]

bullet.
pulse rate.
/
-b
AOM brothel, <> prostitution.

nyr|dTb
-aio,
house of
[pucjj^*']
imperf
[ispugat^] perf, Ha nyraxb [napugat^j perf 1. frighten, scare; 2. threaten (smb). [pugattja] imnyrjaxbCM perf -aiocb, -aeiiibCH, Hc;nyraxbcn [ispugattj9[ per/, na;nyraxbCJi [napugattja] perf be frightened; take alarm. [pugPivty] a nyrjiHBlbiH easi-0, -bi sh f ~, -a, ly frightened / scared; fearful (look, etc); shy (animals). nyroBHu|a [pugavîtja] / -bi, button (a fastening or
-aeuib,
hc nyraib
[punkt, -gd] m -a, point (a place); onopmil strong point, HbiH -stronghold; 2. station (for recruiting, etc); neperoBoptrunk-call office; MeHbiH AHUHHCKHii dispensary; 3. item, point; 4.: KyjibMHHaUHOHHbiH culmination [the highest point); settleHacejieHHbiH <> ment (a town or a village); inhabited populated area;
nyHKx
1.
-OB
locality.
-aio,
nycKJaxb [puskat"^] imperf -aeuib, nycx|Hxb [pus^perf
tît'']
nymy,
nyciHiiib,
ornament).
-a, pi -u, nyA [put, -d] -OB pood (16.38 kg). nyAp|a [pudra] / -bi (face)
powder.
nyAp|HXbCfl [pudrîttja] imperf -KDCb, -HLUbCH, p -HJICH,
-HJiacb,
p -HJi, imp -H 1. let (smb go somewhere); allow (smb to go somewhere); 2. let (smb) in; start, put in action; set 3. working; set in motion; turn on (water, etc); 4. bot put
forth;
--axb KopHH take root
imp
-HCb,
-Hiecb,
(also fig); <> ~axb B

in
npoMSBOAcxBO put
HainyflpHx'bCH
powder perf use powder.
[nApudrîttsa] (one's face),
production;
Bce
cpcACXBa
leave
^
no
~axb
e xofl pull every
string,
stone
un-

turned:
375
nyx
--axb
cjiyx spread a
f
nyxemecxeeHHHK
shes^t^v^mîk,
-g]
[putî-
rumour. nycTJOH [pustoy] a sh

-a,
-a,
^,
nycTO,
nycru
1.
empty
traveller (one els); explorer.
-OB
who
trav-
uninhabited etc); {box, (house), deserted (town, etc); 2. fig idle (talk, etc)', shal-
gbj-bybjygj
nyxemecxBHle [putî^she^ .jj^ .g journey,

nyxeuiecxeloBaxb
[putî*^-
travel, trip; voyage.
low mere
(person)',
/
-^-bie
cjioBa
empty words; MecTO nonentity; -ôe
nepejiHBarb h3 ore b nomill the wind; p6)KHee col beat the air. nycTbiHH|biH [pusttnniy] a sh f nycTbiHeH, -a, -o, -bi
shestyvat^] imperf -ywi, -yeuib, p -OBaji, imp -yH travel, make a journey; voyage. -u, nyxjb [put^, -d^l way, track, path; -efi 1. traversed b npoHAeHHbiH path; 2. journey, trip; voy-
desert
(lands, etc);
deserted
(street, etc).
nycTbiH|fl [pustlnâ] / -h, -b desert, wilderness. 1 nycTb [pus^t^, -z^d''] part'. ' OH BOHAeTl let him
age; oxnpaBHTbCH / nycTHTbCH B ~b set out, start on a journey / trip; naxoAHTbCH H be en route, be on B 3. one's way; fig means, mhphhm -cm peaceway;
(come)
II
meMy have
nycTHK
-a,
6yAeT no-Bayour own way; cj though, even if.

in!;
it
-^
fully,
in
/
friendly
way;
hct
Apyroro
there are
hhofo
-^h
[pus^tâk,
-g]
-OB trifle (a thing of little value); <> ~m! col 1) it's nothing!; 2) nonsense!; 3) never mind!
nyxaHHula
-bi
[putan^'itsa]
confusion, mess, muddle. imperf nyTJaxb [putat^] -aK), -aemb 1. tangle (threads, confuse, mix (up); 2. etc); 3. confuse, muddle, bewilder. nyxeelKa [putôfka] / -kh, -OK accommodation ticket/
no two ways about way, path; no jieit; 4. fig HHHCKOMy --H aloug the path blazed by Lenin; hath no h follow the path of qero-Ji. smth; npOHTH -b ox pa66Mero Ao MHHHcxpa work one's way up from worker to minister;
voucher (to a rest-home, etc). nyxeeoAHxejilb [putîvAdîtîl**] m -H, -efi guide-book

card;
Ha ~b 4er6-ji. <> Bcxaxb embark on the path of smth, take the road of smth; no --H 1) on the way; 2): BaM no '-H CO MHOH? are you going my way?; npOBOaxb
(for
travellers).
nyxcM [putôm] prep with ên by means of. down
~b B nOCJieAHHH KOrO-JI. attend smb's funeral; cnacxjiHBoro ~h! happy journey!, bon voyage! nyx [pukh. -gh] m -a (-y)
(soft feathers);
nym
376
nycKaib
obiJibHlbiH
good <> HH ~-a HH nepa! luck!; B H npax utterly (defeat, rout); pasGHib b
<C>
b
-o,
rjiasa col
off.
cut a dash,
-a,
show
-bi
[piPniy] a shf
dusty
H npax rout (smb). nyiuHCT|biH [pushlstiy] a fluffy, sh f ^, -a, -o, -bi
ObiJieH,
(road, etc). nbiTJaxb

-aio,
downy.
nyiij|Ka [pushka] -eK gun, cannon.
/
-aeujb
[pitat^] imperf torture, torment
-kh,
nyiijHHH|a
-bi
[pushnîna]
furs.
(also fig). nbiTlaibCji [pitattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeujbCH, no:nbi< xaTbcn [papitattja] per/ try,
person nymy of nycTHTb; see nycKaxb.

[push^'iu] 1st nnejija
rmejibi,
sect).
[pchî^la] /
nweji
-bi,
pi
in-
bee
(an
attempt; endeavour. nbiTJKa [pftka] / -kh, -ok torture, torment (also fig); anguish; noABepraxb - Keput
to torture.
nbimH|biM [pfshniy] a sh f nuieHHUJa [psht^n'îtja] / nbimen, -a, -o, -bi 1. fluffy, -bi wheat; npoBan ~-a spring ~a winter luxuriant; 2. pompous (words, wheat; osHMan etc); splendid, magnificent. wheat. [pshi^no] n -a nbec|a [p^'yesa] / -bi, -nmeHJo
millet.
nbiji
[pil]
-a (-y) ardour,
BHTb
fervour; B y cnopa in the heat of an argument; b y cpaeHHsi in the thick of a fight; B y rHCBa in a fit of anger. [ptlat''] nbijijarb imperf -aeuib be ablaze; -aK), 1. flame, blaze; glow [of the face, etc); 2. fig burn (with); ~aTb FHCBOM be in a rage. nbijiecoc [ptl^'i^sos, -z] -a, -OB vacuum cleaner. nbiJiK|HH [ptlk'îy] a -an,
theat play; mus piece; crastage a play. nbK) nbeuib fp'^yu],
~y
[p^yosh, -zh] see nHXb. nb$iH|eTb [p^yi^nêt*'] imperf -eK), -eeiiJb, ojnbsiHeTb [Ap^yi^nêt^] per/ get drunk; get intoxicated (also fig). nbflHHu|a [p^yan'îtja] m &
f
-bi,
~ drunkard, toper. nbHH|biH [p^yaniy] I a sh ~, -a, -o, -bi drunk, tipsy;

(also
fig);
intoxicated
naft
HHTbCH biM get drunk; II as a noun n b h h bi -oro, -bix drunk man.

|
m
/
-He, sh f nujioK, -a, -o, ferardent, passionate, vent. nbiji|b [pil*'] / -H dust (a powdery matter); spray (small drops); CMexaib ~b c Mer6-;i.
-oe,
n5iTep|Ka
-KH, -OK
1.
[p'î'^t^'orka]
-H
(a figure); five, excellent (a mark 2. at school); col 3. fiver, five-rouble note.

five
HMxepio
collect
[pât^'ira]
num
(-0),
dust smth;
-ux.
-WM,
-bix
~
b'lMH, (o)
-bix five;
377
pa6
nac
6biJio
n^THHu|a
-bi,
[pât^nîtja]
there were five of us. nflTH66pb|e [pîtîbor^ya] n -H sport pentathlon. naTHitecsiTHJiCTHle [pîtîdîsîtîlêtîya] n -h, -ft 1. fifty years; 2. fiftieth anniversary; fiftieth birthday.
~o
Friday; <> y Hero ccMb -^ Ha Heêjie he is always changing col
mind. nHTHJo [pî^tno] n -a, pi HHTHa, nnxeH. nnxHaM spot, stain {aho fig); blotch, blot;
his
njiTHjiecaTibiH
s'âtiy]
[pît'îdî^fiftieth;
num.
ord
^bie roAW the
fifties.
birth-mark. <> poflHMoe nflT|biH [pâtiy] nam ord nojioBHHa -~-oro half fifth;
past four; eMy ~bift is in his fifth year.
nflTJb
[pât'',
-bK)
nflTHJieTJKa [pîtîlêtka] / -KH, -OK five-year plan. nHT|HTbCfl [pâtîttja] im-
roA
he
-d^]
num
perf HHHycb, -HiiibCH, p -hjich,

-HJiacb,
card
-d]
-H,
five.
imp
-bCH,
-bxecb,
njiTbflec^T
[pîd^dî^sât,
noinnxHTbcji [pAp^'at^'ittja] perf back, move back. nflT|Ka [pâtka] / -kh, -ok
heel {of the foot). nnxHaAuaTbiH [pî^tnattjatiy] num ord fifteenth. nTHaAU,aT|b [pî^tnattjat^,
-d^]
nufn card nHiHAecHTH, nHTbiOAecHTbK) fifty. nsiTbcoT [pî^tsot, -d] num
num card
-h, -bK) fifteen.
card njiTHCOT, nHTHcxaM, ~, HHTblOCTaMH, (o) HHTHCTaX five hundred. HHHycb [pâchûs^, -z^] see HHTHTbCH.
-a, -6b pa6 [rap, -b] slave {also fig). paÔTJa [rAbota] / -u, pi work {1) labour; 1. -bi, -^
work, job; CHHTb c bi dismiss, sack; 6biTb 6e3 ~bi be out of work; nojieBwe ~bi field work; npHHyAHTejibHbie
fenced labour. im[rAbotat^l perf -aio, -aeuib 1. work {1) do work; 2) be employed: 3) operate, be in action); aTb yMHTCJieM work as a teacher; KeM aexe? bm what do you do?, what's
bi
task, 2) something to do; duty; 3) something made or done; 4) phys); o6ii;ecTBeH-
paSoTJaxb
Han ~a social / public work; 6biTb Ha pyKOBOAHiueft e be one of the leadership; hold a responsible post/ posit'on; jioMaiiiHHH a home-work;
~a course /term paper; AHnJioMHan ~a graduation / diploma thesis; 2.

KypcoBan
your occupation?;
Koro-Ji.
-axb
Ha
work
for
smb;
at
axb
smthj
HaA
HCM-Ji.
work
pa6
CBepxypoqHo open 2. be
Haji
(of
378
-He 1. slave (attr); 2. fig
âTb
work
a
-06,
overtime;
servile, slavish.
library, etc);
^
m
~aTb
coGoH
im-
pa6cTB0 [rapstva] slavery, servitude.

paeeHCTBlo
-a
-a
prove
perfect one's profes/ sional skill [knowledge, etc]. paSoTHHK [rAbot^n'îk, -g]
-a,
[rav^mstva] n
[rAvnîna]
/ -u,
equality.
paBHHH|a
-OB
worker
etc,
(1)
excel-
^
n
lent,
skilled,
said of
plain, flat country. paBHOBecHJe [ravnAv^'esîya]

-51
mental and manual workers;

2) in the field of
balance,
equilibrium
HayMHbiH
er;
art, etc); scientific work-
research
worker;
schol-
HapoAHoro o6pa30BaHHH, -- npocBemeH.HH educaar;
(also fig); nojiHiHqecKoe ~e balance of power; AyiuesHoe ~-e mental equilibrium; buBecTH H3 the 1) upset
^n
tional HbiH
oxBeTCTBenworker; executive, official; --H 4)H3HHeCKOrO H yMCTBCHHoro xpyâ workers by hand
balance (of); 2) fig upset (smb), upset (smb's) equanimity.
and brain. paSoTHHula

/
-bi,
[rAbot^nîtja]
(woman- )worker.
pa6oTOcnoc66HocT|b [rAbotaspASobnas^t^, -z^'d'*] / -h (great) capacity for work, efficiency (of a worker). pa66H|iiH I [rAbochîy] -ero, -HX worker, workman, labourer; '-He h cjiyjKamHe
industrial and
ers.
paBHo;iyuiH|biH [rsvnAdushnty] a sh f paBHo;iyuieH, -a, -o, -bi indifferent, apathetic. paBHOMepH|biH [ravnAm^'erniyj a sh f paBHOMepen, -a, -bi even (distribution, -o,
developmeni
(motion,
v'iya] n rights).
etc);
uniform
acceleration, etc).
-Ji
paBHonpaBH|e
[ravnApraequality (of
paBHlwH
paneH,
-a,
office
work-
[rAbochîy] a workers', -ee, -He 1. -an, working, labour (attr)^ ~hh

II
pa66H|HH
amount, paccTOHHHe,
kilometre;
[ravnty] a sh f (in -bi equal size, value, etc);

-6,
''Oe
o^noMy
KHJioMCTpy a distance of one

A-nHna ~a AByM two the length is metres; oxHOCHXbCH k KOMy-Ji. KaK K -OMy treat smb as one's equal; b --oh cxenenH equally, to the same degree;
the working class; KJiacc ~ee flBH}KeHHe working-class
MexpaM
movement; labour movement; nocejiOK workmen's ~HH settlement; 2. working {time,

clothes, day, etc);
--He pyKH hands (labour'-aa cHjia manpower, ers); labour power. pa6cK|HH [rapskîy] a -an,
<-
npH npo^HX ~bix ycjioBHHX other things being equal; ~biM oSpasoM equally, <> likewise. [rAvnâttja] paBHlflTbCfl

imperf
-niocb,
379
paa
-êuibCJi,
[srAvnâttsa] cipaBHHTbCfl perf 1. {no perf) dress (corns into line); 2. {no perf) be equal {to), be equivalent (/o); amount (to); Asa njiioc abb ~HeTCH qeTbipcM two and two makes / is / is equal to four; 3. col vie (with), compete {with); 4. {no perf) fig:
stantsiya] radio -h, -fl / station; broadcasting station. paAHCT [rAdîst, -zd] -a, -OB wireless/ radio opera-
tor.
paAHyc fradîus,
-OB
-z]
-a,
math radius.
[radavat^]
-yeiub,
paAJoBaTb
perf
-yio,
im-
p -OBaji, imp -yH, o6:paAOBaTb [Abra HTbCH Ha Koro-Ji./no KOMy- davat^] perf make glad/ -jih6o follow suit/smb's exam- happy, cause joy, gladden; 3T0 H3BecTHe oSpaAOBaJio ple. -d] predic -a, MeHH I was happy to hear pafl [rat, -o, -bi: H [oh u m. d.] ^ I the news. [radavattsa] paAloeaTbcn am [he is, etc] glad; ona ~a STOMy she is glad about imperf -yioch, -yeuibCH, p
it.
-oBajicH,
-OBajiacb,
imp
-yft-
paAH [radî] prep with CH, -yftxecb, o6;paAOBaTbcsi gen for the sake of; myxKH [Abradavattja] perf rejoice, lor fun; qero ~? what be happy /glad {about smth. for?; for smb's sake). ^ 66ra for goodness' paAOCTH|biH [radasniy] a -^
sake.
[radîo] n indecl no radio, wireless; 1. over the radio; by radio; radio / wireless set. col 2. pa^HO... first element of compounds pertainin:; to 'ra'h
f
paAocreH,
-a,
-o,
paAHO
~oe joyous, joyful; CTHe happy / glad news.

paAOCT|b [radas^t^,
/
-H,
-efi
-u HSBe-
joy,
-z'd^] gladness; ot
dio', 'wireless':
pa^HOBemaHHe
[rad''iav'*i^sh'*:anîy9] broad^
casting; pa^HOjiaMna [radîalamp9] valve; US tube; pa-
AHonepeAaqa
[rad^'iap^'irî^-
for/ with joy. paAyrja [raduga] -h, rainbow. paAyiiiH|biH [rAdushniyJ a r/i paAymen, -a, -o, -u / cordial {welcome etc); --ufl X03HHH generous / engaging
if
^H
dachâ] broadcast, transmis-
host.
programme sion; broadcast)', a
{items
of
pas
-bi,
[ras,
-z]
-a
(-y),
pa^HOCBHSb pi
[radîas^vâs^, -z^] wireless communication. paAHonpHeMHHK [rad'ia-
^, -aM 1. time(i) an radio/ occasion-, 2) a repeated instance); Ha 3T0T / Ha cefl -^ this time, on this occasion; e
prîyomn'ik,
-gj
-a,
-ob
radio set; radio receiver. paAH0CTaHi;H|fl [rad^lA-
next time; cJieAyiomHH first time; nepBbiH '- the for the first time; -- b AeHfe
pas
[b HCAeJiKD
u,
380
m.
d.\
once a
BCHKHft --, whenever...; oahh KorAa... '- at one point, once; c nepBoro ~-a from the first; hh --'y not a single time; never; 2. indecl one (m counting); '^ HaecerAa once <> (h) several (and) for all; ne times, more than once; time Ha He npHand again; xoflMTCJi it's not always the be an same; e caMbifl clothes, excellent fit (0/
etc\\
day [week,
HHTHTb [razmAgnîtît^] demagnitize; an excessive 6. character or a' high degree an action: pacxeajiHTb of [raskhvAPit*'] chower praise
on; pacKpHTHKOBaTb [raskrîtîkAvat''] criticize severely; pasBOJiHOBaxbCH [razvalnAvattja]get excited / agitated. pasSaoHTb see pa36aBJiHTb. pa36aBJi|nTb [razbAvl^'at^]
imperf -hk), -fleiub, pasSaBJHTb [rAzbavît^] perf -Ji\o, -Huib, p -HJi, imp -h dilute
(a liquid).
ttja]
etc).
pas II [ras, -z] cj denoting consequence, condition, cause or reason: ~ oh 3aopoB, oh noHJier c naMH since he is well, he'll come with ~ OH CKasaJi, to sto us; fleftcTBHTejibHO TaK if he has
said it, then it's really so; - xaK... in that case... paso..., pasTj..., pas..., denotpac... pref of verbs up, diviing 1. breaking sion: pa3py6HTb [razrubît^] cut (into two, into pieces);
pasSerjaTbCH [razbî^gaimperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH,
pa36e3K|aTbC5i [razb^'i'^zhattja] perf pasSerycb, -HUJbCH, pa36eryTCH, p -ajiCH, -ajiacb, imp pa36erHCb, pas6erHTecb I. make one's run, run up {before jumping, etc);
2. scatter, run away in different directions; <> y Hero rjiasa ~aK)TCJi he
doesn't know what to choose {when there is a wide choice,
pacHHJiHTb [rasp^'ilît**] saw up, cut up; 2. distribution: pasjiHBaib BHHO no 6yTbiJiKaM bottle wine; 3. the spreading of an action in directions: paadifferent 6pbi3raTb [rAzbrtzgaf*] splash (a liquid); 4. achievement of a result; pas-bHCHHib [raz''yi^s*'nît^] explain, elucidate {smth to smb); pasSorareTb
(razbagAtêt'']
5.
abundance, etc). pa36HB|dTb [razbîvat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, pa36|HTb [rAzbît^] pa3o6bib, perf
pa3o6beuib, p -hji, imp break, smash; crash 1.
-efi
{an
aircraft, etc); 2. break up / divide into parts; 3. lay out,
mark
pitch,
4.
out
set
{a
garden
(a
tent,
etc);
up
etc);
hurt badly, head, etc); 5.
become
rich;
reversal of an action: pascease jiK)6HTb (raz^j^'ub^'it''] to love, stop loving; pasMar-
fracture {the defeat, rout, beat, smash {also fig); paa6HTb HaroJiOBy defeat utterly;
axb apryMCHTbi guments.
smash
ar-
' ttsa]
381
pas
[razbîvapa36HB|aTbCJi -aeiubimperf -aiocb, [rAzbîttsa] CH, paaSlMTbCJi perf pa3o6bK)Cb, paaoSbeiubCH,
get /gain
gain smth.
an insight into smth, an understanding of

see
pasSHTb
-HJiCH,
1.
-HJiacb,
imp
(0/
-eflcfl,
-CHxecb
break, get broken,
pasSHTbcsi CH.
see
pa36MBaTb. pasdnBaTb-
be broken; crash
craft, etc);
2.
an
hurt
oneself
badly, bruise oneself; 3. up, divide {into groupie, said

of people).
pasSoHKHK frAzboynîk, -g] -OB robber, highway-a, break man.

air-
vty] a
pasSHpjaxb [razbîrat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, pa3o6p|aTb pa36epy, [razAbrat^] perf
[rAzborchîsh f ~, -a, -o, -bi 1. legible {handwriting, etc); 2. fastidious, dainty, particdiscriminating, exactular;
ing.
pa366pHMBJbiH
pa36epemb, p -aji, -a.7ia, imp pasdepH 1. -ajiH,

to
pieces,
2.
-ajio,
take
dis-
disassemble,
mantle;
etc);
pull down (a wall, take {all the things
pa36pacbiBlaTb frAzbrasi-aio, -aeuib, imperf pa36poclaTb [razbrAsat^] perf -aio, -aeiiib throw about, scatvat^]
ter (about), strew.
one by one); buy up {all the goods, food-stuffs); 3. arrange

in order; sort out; 4. investigate, inquire into; considdiscuss; 5. make out er,, (smb's handwriting, speech, etc); imperf also try to make out; 6. col: ero -âer Aocaâ [3aBHCTb u m. n.] he is filled with vexation [envy, ~-aeT 3Ji66a he is etc]; ero
pasSyflHTb see 6yAHTb. pa3BajiHB|aTb [rAzvaPi-aio, -aemb, vat^] imperf pa3Baji|HTb [razvAlît^] perf
-K>,
-n
1.
pasBajiHUJb, p pull down,
-HJi,
imp
destroy;
mess up {man2. fig spoil, agement, work, etc).

pa3BajiHB|aTbC5i
[rAzvalîvattsa] imperf 'arccb.-aeuibpa3Baji|HTbCfli [razvAlîCH,
i\s^]
overcome with âer CMex he
anger;
is
ero
bursting
perf
-KDCb,
pa3BajiHmbCH,
with laughter. pasSHplaxbCH [razb^'irattja] imperf -aiocb, -aembCH, paso6plaTbC5i

[razAbrattjaJ perf pa36epeiiibCH, p -ajicH, -ajiacb,-aji6cb(-aJiocb), -ajiHCb (-ajiHCb), imp pas6epHCb, pa36epHTecb: ~-aTbCH B qeM-Ji. understand smth; know smth well; imperf also examine smth; try to understand smth; perf also
pasSepycb,
imp -HCb, Hiecb 1. crumble, dilapidate; fall to pieces {also fig); 2. col sprawl, lounge {on, in a chair) pa3BajiHH|a [rAzvalîna] / 1. pi ruins {of -bi, pi -bi, a town, etc); 2. col decrepit
p
-HJiCH,
-Hjiacb,
man.
paseajiHTb see pasBajiHsaxb. pasBajiMTbCfl see pasBajiHBaibCJI.
pas
882
work
is well under way; pasBepnyjiacb bothe struggle raged
pasBC [raz'^vî] part denoting surprise: 0h npHexaji. Pa3Be? "He's come". "Real-^ oh ly?" / "Is that so?"; npHexa;i? has he come?; ~ Bbi He sHaeie? don't you
the
6opb6a
Kpyr... around...;
know?
ttj9]
4. turn, swing around {of a car, etc). pa3BecTH see pasBOflHXb. paseecTHCb see paseoAHTb-
pa3BeB|aTbCfl [r9zvî^vaimperf -aercH flutter, fly {of flags, etc). paBBeflJKa [rAz^vêtka] / *KH, -OK 1. mil reconnaissance; intelligence; 2. intelligence service, secret service; 3. geol prospecting. pasBeflHHK [rAz^'vêt^ch^'ik,
CH.
perf
pa3BHBlaTb [razvîvat^] im-aK), -aeuib, pa3B|HTb

perf
-eft
[rAz^'vît'']
pasoBbib,
{the
pasoBbeuib, p
-HJiH,
-HJi, -HJia, -hjio,
imp
develop
-a, -ob 1. mil scout; -g] intelligence officer; 2. secret service man, secret agent. pasBepHyTb see paaeepTbiBaib.
body, mind, an idea, industry, etc); promote {cultural intercourse, etc). [razvîvapa3BHQ|aTbCH
ttjaj
imperf
-aiQCh,
-aeiiibCH,
pa3B|HTbc$i [rAz^vîttja] jDg/-/ pa30BbK)Cb, pasoBbeiUbCfl, p

-HJiCH,
-HJiacb,
imp
{of
-eflcH,
pa3BMTHle [rAzvîtîya]./i imperf -aio, -aeuib, -H development {mental, inpa3BepH|yTb [raz^v'î^rnut*'] dustrial, political, etc). a [razvîtoy] pa3BHT|6H perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp
ttvat'']
paseepHyTbCfl see paasepTWBaTbCH. [rAz^vôrpa3BepTbiB|aTb
develop industry, etc).

-eftrecb
a child,
-H
1.
unfold
(a
paper,
etc);
unfurl; 2. fig show, display {one's talent); 3. fig develop {socialcriticism, ist construction,
unroll,
etc).
unwrap;
sh f pa3BHT, -a, pasBHTO, pasBHTbi 1. developed {industripolitically, ally, mentally, etc); 2. intelligent {child, etc); {cultured, well-developed
etc).
[rAz*"pa3BepTUB|aTbCH -aracb, vôrttvattja] imperf -aembCH, pasBepHJyTbCH
pa3BMTb
see
pa3BHBaTb.
[raz^vî^rnuttja]
perf
-ycb,^
-euJbCH, p -yjiCH, -yjiacb, imp -HCb, -Hiecb 1, unfold {of smth
folded); become unwrapped; unroll, unfurl; 2. fig show oneself, display oneself;
3.
pa3BHTbCfl see pasBHBaibCH. pasBjieKJaib [razvl^'i^kaf'J imperf -aio, -aeuib, pa33jiel4b IrAzvl^'ech''] per/ -Ky, -qeuib, -Kyr, p pasBJieK, -KJia, imp -KH amuse, entertain. pa3B;ieK|aTbCfl [razvlM^kattja]
imperf
peri
-aiocb, -aeuib-
fig spread {of a campaign,
CH, pa3BjielHbCJi
etc)\
paCoTa
pa3BepHy.nacb t^9\
-Kycb,
[rAzvlêch**-seiubca,
383
pas
-KyTCH, p pa3BJieKCfi, -KJiacb, imp -KHCb, -KHiecb have a good time, amuse oneself.
pasBjieneHHle [razvPi^chên'îya]
-h,
-h
entertain-
pasBpaTHTbsee pasBpamaxb. pa3BpaTH|biH [rAzvratnty] a sh f pasBpaieH, -a, -o, -bi depraved, dissipated (life, etc); lewd, debauched {person,
etc).
ment, amusement; relaxation

(recreation).
pa3Bpaiu,|aTb
[razvrA-aio,
pasBjieHb see pasBJieKaTb. pasB/iepasBJieHbCM see
KaTbCH.
-a, [rAzvot, -d] -OB divorce; ;iaTb KOMy-ji. agree to divorce smb. [razvAd^'it^] pa3Bo;iiHTb
imperf pa3BpaT|HTb perf pasBpamy,

sh^'.at'']
-aeiub,
[razvrAtît'']
-Huib,
-hji,
pSLSBOji
imp
-i!
corrupt, deprave, de-
bauch.
pa3B5i3aTb see pasBHSbisaTb. pa3B3HlbiH [rAz^vâznty] a sh f pasBHseH, -a, -o, -bi
imperf pasBOH^y, pasBOAHUib, p -HJi, imp -H, pasBejCTH

[raz^'vî^s^t^'i]
unduly
free.
familiar,
pert,
too
perf
-jxy,
p pasBeji, -jia, imp take, conduct {each to his place); 2. pull / bring apart; ~HTb moct draw a bridge; raise a bridge; 3. dilute {a paint, etc); 4. breed, rear {animals, etc); cultivate {plants); 5.: -~HTb KOCTep
-Aeuib,
-m
1.
pa3Bfl3biB|aTb vat^] imperf
pa3BH3laTb
perf
pa3B5iH<y,
[rAz^vâzi-aemb, [raz^vî^zat^j
-aio,
pasBHHêmb,
imp pa3BH>KH untie, unbind; undo {a knot, etc); âxb BOHHy unleash <>
-aji,
war.
pa3ra;iaTb see pasra^bmaTb. pa3rajibiB|aTb [rAzgadivat''] imperf -aro, -aeiiib, pasraAJaib [razgAdat^] perf -aio, -aeuib guess {a riddle, smb's thoughts, etc); unriddle, unravel.
make
(camp)
fire;
^Hib
a
oroHb light a fire; <> -~HTb pyKaMH s? make

helpless
gesture,
lift
one's hands {in dismay or despair). pa3Bo;i HTbc Ji ] razv Adîttja ] imperf pasBOH^ycb, pasBoAHLLbCH, p -HJiCH, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -HieCb, pa3Be|CTHCb [rsz^vî^s^tîs''] perf -j[ycb,
I
-AeuibCH, p pasBejicH, -jiacb, -AHCb, -jiHiecb 1. divorce, get a divorce; 2, multiply, breed {of animals, etc). pa3BpaT frAzvrat, -d] -a depravity, lewdness; debauchery, dissipation; npeâ-
pa3rap [rAzgar] m -a: 6biTfa ~e be in full swing; be well under way; b ecnopa [6HTBbi u m. n.] at the height
imp
of the
argument
[battle, etc].
pasrjiacHTb see pasrjiamaTb.
pasrjiamjaTb
[razgUshat^]
pa3rjia-
imperf
pjiauiy,
-aio,
-aeuib,
c|HTb frazglAsît^] perf pas-Huib,
-liJi,
BaTbCH --y indulge ness / debauchery.
in
lewd-
divulge;
(a secret).
betray,
give
imp -ii away
pas
-aio,
384
rîvat'']
pa3roBapHB|aTb imperf
[razgAva-aeuib
speak; 2. col be on 1. talk, speaking terms {with smb). pasroBop [razQAvor] m -a, -OB conversation, talk; aaensbiBaib enter into (a) conversation; 3aBo;;HTb o
MCM-Ji. bring
cussion)',
{for dis'no;t;;ep^HBaTb
smth up
imperf -afo, -aemb, pasrpy3|HTb [razgruz'ît''] perf pasrpyjKy, pasrpysHuib (-rimb), p -HJi, imp -H I. unload, discharge {cargo; a ship, etc); 2. fig col relieve {smb of part of difficult or extra work). [razdAvat^] pasAaJBaTb imperf -ib, -eiiib, p -Baji, imp
-Baft, pa3fl|aTb [rAzdat**] perf -aM, -auib, -acT, -a;tHM, -aAHTe, -aAyi, p p63Aaji(-aji), -ajia, (-ajio), poapx33Aajio
keep up a conversation; <> 6e3 'Ob! co/ and no argument!; and no talking back!
rîttja]
pa3roBop|HTbC5i [rdzgavAperf -ibcb, -HiiibCH, p

-HJiacb,
AajiH (-ajiH),
imp
-aft
distri-
-HJicH,
imp
-HCb,
-HTecb get / enter into conversation, get talking. pasroBOpHHK [rszgAvornîk, -a, -ob phrase-book. -g] pa3roB6pHHB|biH [razgAvorchîviy] a sh f '^, -a, -o, 'h\ talkative. [rszgAnât^] pa3roHlTb
bute {to smb, among smb); give out, dispense.

[razdAvattja] -BajicH, -BaJiacb, pasAJaTbCfl [rAzdattja] perf -acTCH, -a^yTCH, p -ajicH, -ajiacb be heard, resound {of a cry, bell, etc); pasâjica CTyK there was a knock (at the door). pasflaib see pasâBaxb. pa3AaTbCJi see pasAaBarbCH.
pasjiaJBaTbCfl
imperf -ercH, p
imperf -hk), -neuib, pa30rHJarb [razAgnaf*] perf pasroHK), pasroHHuib, p -aji, -ajia, -ajio, -ajiH, imp pasroHH 1. disperse, scatter (a crowd, etc); dissolve, disband (a meeting, etc); 2. speedup,
race (a horse, etc). [razgArattja] pasroplaTbCJi imperf -aercH, pasropleibcji [razgAFêttja] perf -htch, p -eJiCH, -ejiacb flame up, flare up {also fig). pasropsiHHTbcsi see ropH-
[razdv**!paaABHrjajb -aeiub, imperf -2iK)', pa3ABHH|yTb [rAzdvînut^J perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp
gat^]
-b
move
apart;
draw apart.
pa3AeB|aTb [raz^d^'i^vat^J imperf -aio, -aeuib, pa3Ae|Tb

[rAz^d^'et^]
perf -ny, -Heuib,

strip
-Ji,
imp -Hb undress,
{smb). pasACBlaTbcii
ttja]
MHTbCH.
imperf -aiocb,
[raz^d^'i^va-aeuibCH,
pa3rp6M
[rAzgrom]
-a,
-OB 1. rout, utter defeat {of the enemy, etc); 2. havoc, destruction; complete disorder.
pa3rpy%|aTb [razgruzhat^]
pa3Ae|TbCfl [rAz'^d^'ettsa] perf -Hycb, -HeuibCH, p -jicH, -Jiacb, imp -HbCH, -Hbxecb undress, strip, take off one's clothes; take off one's coat and hat;
385
aibCH
the
strip.
pas
Ao
noHca
strip
to
pa3AyMlaTb
perf
-aK),
[rAzdumat^]
waist;
~aTbCH
jiorojia
-aeiub
change one's
of
take off all of one's clothes,

[rAz^dêl] -a, pasAeJi -OB 1. partition, division {of
mind; think better

smth). pa3AyMbiBlaTb
(doing
property, eic); 2. section {of a book, etc). pasACJiHTb see pasAejiflxb &
AejiHTb. pasAejiMTbCfl see AejiHXbCH 1 [raz^dî^lât^] pasAejijîTb
[rAzdumimeditate, ponder, muse, ruminate; deliberate, consider; He an without hesitation. pasAyxb see pasAyBaxb.
vat^]
imperf
-aK), -aeiub
imperf
-^k),
-nemb,
pasAC-yo,
jiJHTb [raz^dî^Pit''] perf
pasAejiHUib, p -HJi, imp -h 1. separate, keep apart; 2. share {smb's opinion, etc). pa3AeTfa see paaAeearb. pasACTbCfl see pasAeeaTbCH. pa3Apa}K|aTb [razdrAzhat^]
pa3iKeHb see pasjKHraxb, pa3iKHr[aTb [razh:igat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, pasênb [rAzh:ech^] pasbperf x^ry, pa3o>K}Keiiib, pasojKryx,
pasjKer,
pasojKrjia,
imp
imperf
>K|MTb
-aio,
-aeuib,
pasApa-
[razdrAzhft^] perf -y, irritate, an-Hiiib, p -HJI 1. noy, vex, exasperate; get on {smb's) nerves; 2. irritate (//le skin, etc). [razdrAzhepa3Apa2KeHH|e
n'îya]
pasojKFH 1. kindle {a fire); 2. fig rouse, kindle, stir up. pa3jiar|aTb [razlAgat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, pa3jioJKJHXb [razlAzhit^] perf -y, pa3Ji6}KHmb, p -HJI, imp -h demoralize.
pasjiHB [rAzPif, -v]
er).
-a,
-OB flood, overflow {of a riv-
-h
irritation.
pa3ApaH(HTejibH|biH [razdrAzhttîl^niy] a sh f pasApa>KHTejieH, -a, -o, -w irritable, short-tempered.
pa3Apa}KHTb
3KaTb.
see
pasApa-
pasApoSHTb see Apo6HTb. pa3AyBlaTb [razduvat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, pasAlyxb
[raz^lîvat^] pasjiHslaxb impe'-f -aio, -aemb, pa3Ji|HTb [rAz^lît^] perf pasojibib, pa30Jibemb, p -HJI, -HAa, -hao, -HJiH, imp -eS 1. spill (a liquid); 2. pour out {tea, etc); ladle out {soup, etc); BOAOH He pasojibeiub col (as) thick as thieves.
pa3JiHHJaxb
[raz^lîchât'']
imperf -aio, -aemb, pa3JiH[rAzdut^] -yeiub H|MXb [raz^lîch^'it^] pe/-/ -y, perf -yio, blow, fan {a fire, etc); 2. -Hmb, p -HA, imp -H 1. dis1. impers col', y Hero pasAyJio tinguish, tell {smth from meny [jihuo u m. n.] his smth); 2, make out, discern.
pa3jiH4H|e
[rAz^'lîch^'iya]
check [face, etc] is swollen; 3. fig col exaggerate {the news, etc); fan {war hysteria, eic).
-fl,
-H difference {between);
distinction {between);
--e sg
pas
harjiijiax difference
ion.
of
386
also proportions; b 6ojibmHX [b liiHpoKHX] ~ax on a large
scale.
opin-
pa3JiMMMTb see paajiHqarb. pa3iH4HibiH [rAz^'lîch^niy] a sh f pasjiHêH, -a, -o, -bi [not the same); 1. different 2. different, various. [rszlAziiepa3jio>KeHH|e
n'îya]
pasrviecTHTb see pasMcmaib.
pa3MecTHTbc maibcH.
see
pasMe-
pasMemaxb
Baib.
see
pasMeujH-
n -h
1.
decomposition,
disintegration, decay, rot; 2. decay, corruption; MopajibHoe moral '-e demoralization, degradation. pasjiOMtMTb see paCKJiaAUBaTb & pasjiaraib. -h [rAzlukal pasjiyKJa / 1. separation, being apart; mHTb B ~e c KeM Ji. live apart from smb; 2. parting (the action of). [raz^lûb'ît''] pa3JiK)6;HTb perf -jiib, pasjiibSHUJb, p -iiJi, imp -H stop loving; love no longer, fall out of love, stop liking; like no longer.
IrAzm'êshi-aemb, pa3Mem!aTb [razmî^shat''] perf -aio, -aemb stir (sugar,

vat^]
-ara,
pasMciuHBlaTb imperf
tea,
etc).
pa3Mem,laTb [razmîsh'':at''] imperf -aio, -aemb, pasMCcxlHTb [r9zm''i^s''tît*'] perf pa3Mem,y, -Hmb, p -hji,
imp
place,
billet;
-6
1.
accommodate,
locate,
?.
put; quarter, place, distribute
{orders, etc);
sh'îattja]
invest (capital).
pasMemjaxbca
imperf
[razmî-aiocb,
[raz-
aembCH, pa3MecT|HTbc
pasMax
-a
(-y),
-OB
[rAzmakh, -gh] m 1. swing, sweep;
yAapHTb
swing;
~y
strike v/ith
mî^s^tîiisd] perf paswemycb, limbCH, -HJicH, -HJiacb, p imp -ikb, HTecb find and take seats: find room; find
ocero ~y with all one's might; 2.: ~ Kpb'i3. fig scope, jibee wing-span;
co
range.
vat'']
lodgings
pa3MK0)K|aTbcji
IrazmnA-
pa3MaxHB|aTb [rAzmakhîimperf -aio. -aemb swing

etc);
zhatts3l imperf -aeiCH propagate, reproduce, breed; multiply.
pasMHOKeHHJe
nîyal
(razmuAzhereproduction,
{arms,
brandish.
pa3MeHM3!aTb [rAzm*'en''ival m per I -aio, -aemb, pa3MeH|nTb |r9zm''i^n''at''] perf -flKD, -Hcujb change (monI
ey).
pa3Mftp IrAzm'êr]
-bi,
a,
pi
propagation. pasMbimjieKHJe [razmishlên'îya) n â, -u reflection, meditation, musing, rumination; iiaBOAHTb Ha ~Ji make (smb) think / wonder.
pa3MbiiiJJiiTb
l^'at^]
(/)
dimensions; size of a room; etc'i 2) of shoes,

-OB
1.
[razmisli-
etc);
2.
degree,
extent,
pi
reflect,
imperf -hk), -aeurb meditate, ponder,
387
pas
severely (a
muse,
ruminate;
deliberate,
consider.
attack, criticize book, etc).

stAron^'n^'iy} a
pasMMTb see mhtb 1. pasHecTH see pasHocHXb.

pa3HHi;|a [raz^nîtsa] / -bi ~a b difference (between); OAHH Meip a difference of one metre; ~a b tom, hto... the difference is that...; <> KaKaji a? col it makes what's the no difference!; difference? pasHO... first element of
pasHocTOpOHHlHH [raznashf pasHocxo-H, -e, -H
poHeH,
many-sided,
(educa1.
versatile; tion, etc).
all-round
[razniy] a
pasHbiH
dif-
ferent (not the same), ferent, various.
2.
dif-
pa3o...
chât'']
see pas...
pasoSjiaHJaTb
[razablA-aio,
imperf
-aeiub,
compounds
ent',
denoting 'differpasHOueex'various':
multicoloured; pasHoroîocbiH [raznagAlosiy] discordant, dissopa3Ho66fl [raznAboy] nant; lack of co-ordination. pa3HOBH.iH0CT|b [raznAvîdnas^t^, -z^d^] / -h, -eft variety, species. pa3HorjiacM|e [raznAglaHbiH [raznAtjvêtniy] sîya] n -h, -h difference, discord, disagreement; ~e bo BSfJiHAax difference of opin
ion;
pa3o6jiaH|HTb [razablAchît^J perf -y, -HUJb, p -iijijmp -h expose, unmask. pa3o6paTb see p.a36Hpaxb. pasoSparbCfl see pa36HpaxbCH.
pasorHaxb see pasroHHXb. pa3orpeBiaxb [razagrîvat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, pasorpjeTb [razAgrêt^] perf -eemb warm up (food, -CK),
etc).
pa303jiHXb see sjiHXb. pa303JlHTbC51 see SJlHXbCH.
ycTpaHHTb
--h
settle
pa30HXHCb
CH,
see see
pacxo^HXb-
differences.
pa3Hoo6pa3H^biH [raznAAbrazniy] a sh f pa3Hoo6pasen, -a, -o, -u various, ferent, diverse.

dif-
pa30pBaxb
paapuBaxb.
see
pa3opBaxBCfl BaXbCH.
pa3pbi-
pa3Hop6AH|biH [raznArodniy] a sh f pasHopoêH, -a,

heterogeneous. [raznAsît^] pa3HoclHTb imfierf pasHouiYf pasHocHiub,
-o,
-bi
pasopHxb see paaopnxb. pa3opHxbCH see pasopnxbCH.

pa30py>K|axb [razaruzhat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, pa3opy-
MJHxb [razaruzhlt^] perf -y, -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H disarm

(soldiers, etc).
HJi,
imp
-Jia,
-H,
pa3Hec|TH
-y, -eiub,
1.
-li
[raz^'nî^s'^tîj
perf
pa3opyeHHle
n'îya]
[razaruzhc-
p pasHec,
er
imp
etc);
deliv3.
n
h
-h
disarmament,
(letters,
2.
fig col
col
Bce66m.ee
eral
nojiHoe
~e
gen-
spread
(news,
(to
etc);
and
complete
disarma-
smash
piecisy, 4,
//^co/
ment.
pas
see
388
storm,
pasopyiKHTb
pa3opy-
war,
etc); etc);
{into tears,
2 burst burst out
pasoplflTb [razArât^] imperf -HK), -Heiub, paaopJMTb [rdZArît^] perf -ib, -Hiub, p -HJi, imp -H 1. destroy (a village, etc); ravage, pillage; 2. ruin {make bankrupt). pa30p|TbCfl [razArâttsa]
{laughing, etc). pa3pe3 [rAzrês,

-OB
1.
-z]
-a,
cut, slit; 2.: nonepe4cross section; npoHbiH flojibHbiH - longitudinal section.
imperf -Hiocb, -neiubCH, pasop JHTbCji [razAr^'ittsa] perf -ibCb, -HLUbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiacb,
-aeujb, paspe3|axb [rAzrêzat^] perf pas-
paspesaxb paspesjaxb imperf -aio,
see
paspesaxb.
[razr^'i^zat^]
imp
-HCb,
-Hiecb
ruin
oneself, go
bankrupt.
see paccbiJiaxb. [razAtrî] imp of pacxepexb; see pacTHpaxK.
pasocjiaxb
paspeJKemb, p -aji, pa3pe>Kb cut {divide with a knife, etc); slit.

pejKy,
imp
pasoTpH
paspemjaxb imperf -aio,

uilMxb
-HUJb,
[razr^'i^shat^]
-aeuib,
paspe-
pasoTpy
Tpeuib
paao[razAtruJ, [razAtrôsh, -zh] 1st
[razr'î^shit^] perf -y, p -HJI, imp -H 1. al-
persons of pacxepexb; see pacxHpaxb.
& 2nd
low,
tion,
permit,
etc);
3.
let;
2.
problem,
settle {a
pasoHapoBdHHJe [razach^'an -h, -h disappointment (the state or act

FAvanîya]
of).
etc);
{no
solve (a quesimperf):
~H(xe) allow
I
me
[us]...,
may
[we]..?
pasoHapoeaHHlbiH
ch^'i^rovanniy] a [pa]
[raza-
sh
f
-bi
pasoMapoBaH,
-a,
-o,
disappointed, disillusioned. pasoHapoBaxbCfl see paaoqapoBbiBaxbCH. pa304ap6BbiB|axbCJi [razachM^rovivattjaj imperf -aiocb, pa30Hap|oBaxbcji -aeuibCH, [razachîrAvattja] perf -yiocb, -yembCH, p -OBajiCH, -0Ba;iacb,
-yficH, -yfixecb get disappointed; be disappointed. paspawjaxbcn [razrAzhattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiiibCH, pa3pasJHxbCfl [razrAzîttja] perf paspajKycb, -HiubCH, p -h;ich, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb 1. break out, burst out {of a
pa3pem|axbCfl [razr^'i^shaimperf -aexcH, paspeuijiixbCfl [razr^'i^shlttja] perf -HXCH, p -HJICH, -HJiacb 1. be solved {of a problem, etc); be settled {of a question,
ttja]
2. (no perf) be ed {of smoking, etc).
etc);
allow-
paspeiueHHle
nîya]
[razrî^she-
imp
permissolution {of a problem, etc); settlement (of a question, etc).

-h,
-h
2.
sion, permit;
paspeiuHxb
see
paspemSxb.
see
paspeuiMxbCfl luaxbCH 1.
paspe[rAzroz*'-
pasposHeHHbiH
n^'mnty] a [pa] unco-ordinated; umes).
1.
separate,
2.
odd {vol'

paspyxja (economic)
devastation.
389
study
pas-b...
pa3
(a role,
[rAzrukha] / -h disorganization;
[razrushat^]
-aeuib,
(a song, etc);
etc).
see pas...
paspymjaTb
imperf
ui|HTb
-Huib,
-aio,
paspy[FAzrushU^] perf -y,
pas-bCAHHHXb see HHXb.
paateAH-
-HJi,
imp
-b
1.
de-
[raz^yidîpaBTieflHHlHxb nât^] imperf -mo, -neiiib,
axb pasiieAHHlHxb [raz^yid**istroy, demolish, ruin; AO ocHOBaHHH raze to tlie nît''] perf -ib, -Huib, p -hji, ground; 2. fig destroy, frus- imp -H 1. disconnect, break;
trate, ruin.
paspbiBJaxb [rszrtvat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, pasopelaTb [razArvat^] perf -y, -euib, p
-aji,
-ajia,
-ajio,
-ajiH,
imp
-H
2.
1.
tear (up) (pull apart); fig break (with); paao-
psaTb AHnjioMaxHêcKHeoTHOlueHHH break off diplomatic

relations.
cut off (wires, etc); 2. sepapart (smb). pas-besA [rAz^yest, -zdj -a, -OB 1. departure (of gue^t&y 2.: 6bixb etc); hocxohkho b ax be always on the move, be always travelling about; 3. rly double-track station (on a single-track railway).
rate,
pas-besxlaxb
[raz^yi^-
paspbiBJaTbCJi [razrivattja] imperf -aexcn, paaopBlaxbCJi [razArvattsa] perf -excji, p

-ajicji,-ajiacb, -aji6cb(-ajiocb),
(-ajiHCb) 1. tear, betorn; break, burst (of a rope, etc); 2. burst, explode; <> y Hero fly ma / cepAiê ~aexcfl his heart is breaking. -a, paspflfl [rAzrât, -d] -OB 1. category, rank; kind, sort; 2. class, grade, rating. paayM [razum] -a 1. reato think); son (the power common sense; 2. reason, mind, intellect, intelligence.
-ajiiicb
come
zh^:at^] imperf -aio, -aeuib drive around / about, ride around /about; travel around / about. [raz^yi^pas'besKldxbCfl zh'^-.attsa] imperf -aeMCH, -aexecb, -aioxcH, pa3i>ex|axbcsi [rAz^yekhattâ] pasiiperf eêMCH, pasTsCAexecb, paa-b-
CAyTCH,
-ajiHCb
etc);
2.
1.
-ajiCH,
-ajiacb,
depart (of guests, pass one another (of
vehicles in a
3.
narrow
slide
street);
(of/
col
run
apart
skis, etc).
pa3i>flCHeHH|e
nên^'iya] n -h, -h tion, elucidation. paaiijicHHxb see
[raz^yi^s^-
p'aayMHlbiH
[rAzumnfy]
explana-
sh f paayMeH, -a, -o, -bi 1. clever, intelligent; 2. reasonable, rational, sane, wise. pa3yHHB|axb [rAzuchîvat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, pasynliixb [razuchît^] perf -y, pâyHHiiib, p -HJI, imp -H iearn
paatHC-
HHXb.
pas-bHCHlflxb nât^] imperf
pa33>flCH|iixb
I
-hk),
[raz^yi^s*-neuib,
-HJI,
[raz^yi^s*'n''it^]
perf
-K),
-HUib,
imp
pas
explain,
elucidate
390
-Ji
(smth
to smh).
pasbirpbipasbirpaib see BaTb. pasbirpbiBlaTb [rAzlgrtvat^]
imperf -aio, -aeiub, pasbirp|aTb [raztgrat^] perf aio, -aeiub draw {decide by 1.
chance)',
raffle;
2,
col
kid
{for amusement)', play a practical joke on.
1. shell (o/ invertebrates); sink {under a tap). paw a [rama] / -bi, frame {of a picture, etc). paM|Ka [ramka] / -kh, pi -KH, -OK 1. small frame, frame {of a picture, etc); 2. pi fig limits, bounds; BbixoAHTb 3a --KH exceed the limits Kax keep {of); jtepjKaibCH b within the limits / bounds
2.
pasbicKarb
Baib.
see
pasbiCKH[rAzls^kî-
{of);
~Kax saKOHa
within
the law.
pa3bicKHB|aTb
V9t^]
imperf
-aio,
-aeiiib,
paHCHbifi
pan la [rana] / -bi, wound. [ran^miy] a I
pa3biCK|aTb [raziskat^] perf pasbimy, pasbimeiiib, p -aji, imp pasbiLUH look for, search for; perf also find.
wounded, injured; n as a noun paHeH|biHm -oro, -bix wounded man, casualty.
pan paradise. paHKOM [rAykom] m -a, -OB ( paH6HHbIH KOMHTei)

pan [ray]
paHJHTb [ranît''] imperf -lo, -Hmb, p

-b
perf
-hji,
&
imp
district
committee,
of
committee
Party.
wound, injure. paHH|HH [ran^nîy] a early the Communist (/) morning, etc; 2) spring,
district
etc;
-ob paJfOH [rAyon] -a, 1. area, region; b '-e KîHHa in the vicinity of Klin, in the Klin area; 2. (administrative) district.
3) fruit, etc).
pano [rana] I adv early; II impers predic it is early; cnaTb eme it is too early
to go to bed;
<0>
HJiH
nosAHO sooner or
I
pafioHHbiH
[rAydnniy]
later.
district {attr)\ area {attr). paK I [rak, -g] -a, -ob
paHbUje [ran^sht^]
of pano;
II
comp
zool crayfish, crawfish.
adv
1,
paK
cancer.
II
[rak, -g]
m
/
-a
med ymeji
beiove {earlier); oh
nac
-
he
had
left
paKCTJa [rAkêta]
rocket;
-bi,
xnissWo^ {guided);
-~-a-
-HocHTCJib
nycTHTb
et.
~y
carrier-rocket; aalaunch a rock[rAk^'etka]

/ -kh,
-bi^
before us; BpeMCHH earlier than necessary; ahead of time; 2. formerly, in the past, previously. pac... see pas...
pdcja [rasa] /
-bi,
race
paxerlKa
{a distinct ethnical stock).

ttja]
-OK sport racket.
paKOBHHJa [rakav^'ina] /
pacKaHB|aTbcsi [rAskaivaimperf -awcb, -aeuibCH,
391
[rAskayattsa] pacKa|flTbCJi -K)Cfa, -euibCH, p -hjich, imp -HCH, -Hiecb -HJiacb, repent, feel remorse; regret, deplore.
disclose.
pac
(a
re-
perf
p -biJi, imp -OH 1. open window, book, etc); 2.

veal, discover,
pacoBbiH [rasaviy] a racial.

pacnafl|aTbC5i [raspAdattjaJ -aeicH, pacna|cTbcsi [rAspastsa] perf -aeicH, p -jicH, -Jiacb t. disintegrate; chem dissociate; 2, fig break up, come to an end.
pacKajieHHbiH [rsskAPon-pa: niy] I AOKpacHa

red-hot;
II
imperf
a scorching, burning hot. pacKaHpacKasiTbCfl see

[rAskladi-
BaXbCH. pacKJiaAbiBJaTb
[rAspakhîpacnaxMBJaxb -aeuib, imperf -aK), -aeiub, pacnaxH|yTb [raspAkhnut''] vat^] imperf -aio, pa3jioiK|HTb [razlAzhft^] perf perf -y, -emb, p -yji, imp fling open; -y, pasjio^Hiub, p -HJi, imp -H throw open, -H L put {things in a num- open wide. places); ber distribute pacneHaxaxb see pacneâof
vat^]
{things
places);
er
among a number of axb eemn no Mecin their prop2.
xbieaxb.
[raspî^pacneHaxbiBJaxb -aio, imperf [raspacneMaxjaxb -aeuib, pî^châtat^] perf -aio, -aeiub unseal; open {a letter, etc). [raspîsapacnHcaHH'ie nîya] n -h, -h time-table, schedule; no lo according
TaM put things

places;
châttvat^]
lay out, spread

3.
{paper,
{a fire).
etc);
make, build
pacKjiaHHBlaTbcn [rAsklanîv9ttj9] -aiocb, imperf -aeuibCH, pacKjiaH|TbCfl [rAsklanâttja] -Hiocb, perf

-HeuibCH exchange greetings {with smb); make one's bow; lift one's hat {to smb). pacKOjiOTb see KOJioib II. pacK6n{KH [rAskopk'î] pi -OK excavations {in archeology)-
to the time-table.
pacnMcaxbcsi see BaXbCH.

-OK
pacnHCbi/ -k-h,
pacnHCJKa [rAspîska]
{a document); receipt noji, CAaxb KOMy-Ji. ^xo-Ji.
pacKpacHTb
UIHSaTb.
see
pacKpa-
pacKpauiMB|aTb [rAskrashlimperf -aio, -aeiiib, pacKpac|MTb [rAskrasît^] perf pacKpamy, -Hiub, p -hji,
vat^]
imp
-b
colour, paint.
pacKpbiBJaTb [raskrivat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, pacKpjbiTb [rAskrtt^] perf -oio, -oeuib,
~Ky make / have smb sign for smth. pacnHCbiBlaxbCsi [rAsp^'istvattsa] imperf -arocb, -aemb[rasp^'ipacnHCJaxbCfl CH, sattsa] perf pacnHuiycb, pacnHiueiiibCH, p -ajiCH, -ajiacb, imp pacnwrnHCb, pacnHuiHxecb 1. sign (one's name); axbCH B noJiyqeHHH qero-Ji. sign for smth; 2. col register one's marriage.
pac
pacnjiaTJa
1.
[rAsplatg]
act
/
392
-bi
payment {the
of);
2.
fig atonement (for a wrong). pacnjiaxHTbCM see pacnjia-
^HBaTbCH. pacnjiaHMBlaxbCM ch^'ivattja] imperf
[rAspla-aiocb,
ment, disposition; 2. situqycb, pacnJiaTHLUbcH, p -hji- ation, location, position; 3. CH, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb favour, inclination; nojibsopay back; pay eaxbCH qbHM-Ji. -êM enjoy 1. pay off, settle accounts; smb's favour, be liked by the bill; '-aTbCH no cqexy pay (up) smb. pacnoji9}KHXb see pacnojiaaxbcn c ôJiraMH a bill; pay off one's debts; 2. fig raxb I. pacnojiOKHXbcn see pacnocol pay (smb) out; get even (with smb); be quits (with jiaraxbCH. pacnopjiflHxbcji see pacnosmb); 3. fig pay {for one's
pacnjiaT|HTbCJi -aeuibCH, [rasplAf'ittja] perf pacnjia-
pacnojio%|Hxbcsi [raspaperf -ycb, pacnoJl6>KHmbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb settle (down), make oneself comfortable {somewhere). pacnojioKeHHle [raspalAzhenîya] n -h, -h 1. arrangeC5I,
lAzhtttja]
fault, etc). pacnjibiBMax|biH
pH>KaxbCH
[rAspHf,
1,
3.
pacnopfl>KlaxbCfl
rî^'zhattsa]
[raspo-aiocb,
châtiy] a sh f {style, diffuse
^
I
-a,
-o,
-bi
imperf
etc);
dim,
-aembCH,
pJIHCyCb,
-HJiacb,
vague (idea,
gat**]
etc).
pacnopJiAlHXbCfl [raspar'î^dîttja] perf pacno-
pacnojiarjaxb
[raspaU-aeuib,
imperf pacnojiOKJMXb
perf
-y,
-aio,
[raspaUzhit^] pacnoji6>KHmb, p -hji,
imp -H 1. dispose, arrange, place, put; napK pacnoJi6>KeH B ueHXpe ropoAa the park is situated in the centre of the
city; 2.: pacnojiojKHXb kofo-ji.
-HUIbCH, p -HJICH, -HCb, -Hxecb 1. order, give orders (that smth be done); perf also have {smth done); 2. {no per/) give orders, give instructions, be in charge, boss; 3.:
imp
axbCH
{in
MCM-Ji.
use
of
smth
money,
some way, said
B CBOK> nojibsy win smb's favour; win smb over; ~axb
ce6e gain / win smb's favour. ^ pacnojiarjaxb [raspaUII

Koro-Ji.
gat^] -aeiub ~H imperf -aio, have smth at one's disposal, ~H have smth available, have smth to spare. pacno;iar|axbC5i [raspaUpacnpaBJa [rAsprava] / -bi gatâ] imper[ -aiocb, -aeuib- massacre, slaughter; use of
[rasparî^zhen'îya] n -h, -ft instruction, order; oxAaxb -e give instructions / orders; flo ocountil further notice; 6oro at smb's <> B HbCM-ji. disposal; Hiviexb b CBoeM 'H have at one's disposni.
property, etc). pacnopfl}KeHHle
393
violence
prisal(s).
pac
(against
see
smb);
re-
pacnpaBHTb
JIHTb.
pacnpaB[rasprAv-
prastrAnâttja] imperf -hctCH, pacnpocTpaHJiiTbCH [rasprastrAnîttja] -htch, perf
pacnpaBJi|flTb
Pat**] imperf -A\o, -fleuib, pacnpaB|HTb trAspravît^] perf -JiK), -Huib, p -HJi, imp -b straighten (out), smooth oiit;
<>
--flTb
Kpujibfl
see
spread
p -HJicH, -HJiacb 1. spread (of news, a disease, rumour, etc); 2.: ero ejiacxb He ^nexcH na 3T0 this is not within his authority / power / commission; saKOH He flexcH na 3TH cjiyâH the law does not
one's wings. pacnpeiiejiHTb

fleJiHTb.
apply to these cases; the law

pacnpedoes not
affect
these cases,
pacnpefleji|flTb [rssprîdî^lât^] imperf -hk), -Heiub, [rasprîdî^pacnpeflejiJHTb lît^J perf -K), -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H distribute, allot;
pacnycK|aTb [raspuskaf*] imperf -aro, -aeiiib, pacnyCT|HTb [raspus^tît^] perf pacnymy, pacnycTHuib, p -hji, imp -H 1. dismiss, break up (a meeting, etc); disband (an
organization, slacken the
etc);
2.
HTb CBoe one's time.

diffusion;
epeMH
'
regulate
col
of;
discipline
col
pacnpocTpaHeHHie [rssprastrAnên^'iya] n -h spreading,

propagation, semination.
dis-
spoil (a child); 3. afloat (a rumour).
set
pacnycK|aTbCfl
ttja]
[raspuska-
pacnpocTpaHeHHbiH [rosprastrAnônniy] a {pa\ spread, common.
imperf -aiocb, -aenibCH, pacnycT|HTbCJi [raspus^tîttja]
widepac-
perf pacnymycb, pacnyCTHUIbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb,
pacnpocTpauHTb
see
npocTpaHHTb. pacnpocTpaHHTbCfl >ee pacnpOCTpaHHTbCH. [rasprapacnpocTpaH|flTb strAnât^] imperf -hio, -neuib, pacnpocTpaH|HTb [rasprastrAnît^] perf -ib, -HUib, p -hji,
[news, influence, ruknowledge, mours, disease, etc); disseminate, propagate; popularize (advanced methods of work, etc); 2. give out (a smell, etc); 3. circulate (a document, etc); distribute (books, etc).
-H
1.
imp -HCb, -Hiecb 1. blossom out, open; come out, break into leaf; 2. col become undisciplined
/
unruly.
pacnycTHTb seepacnycKaxb. pacnycTHTbCH see pacnyCKaXbCH,
pacnyiaxb
see
pacnyxH-
imp
spread
eaxb. pacnyTHi;|a [rAsputîtsa] / -bi bad roads, impassabllity of roads (because of slush); the season of bad roads.
pacnyxbiBJaxb [rAsputivat''] imperf -aio, -aeuib, pacnyx|axb [rAsputat^[ perf -aio,

-aeiub
1.
pacnpocTpaH|flTbCfl
[ras-
untangle, disentan-
pac
394
untwine; 2. fig puzzle gle, out, untangle, unravel.

sh'':inty]
paccKalaaxb [raskAzat^] perf -jKy, paccKaêuib, p -aaji,
pacnyiueHH|biH a [pa]
-a, -o,
-bi
nymeH,
[rAspush f pac1. undis2.
imp -HCH tell, narrate, relate, give an account of;

<> col
ciplined; spoilt dissolute, loose,
{child);
immoral.
-d]
paccBCT
[rAs^'s^vêt,
KOMy-ji. (ApyroMy) it to the marines. paccjieAOBaHH|e [rAs^s^lêdavanîya] n -h, -h investi-
~aH
tell
dawn, daybreak. pacceHB|aTb [rAs^'sêivat^]

-a,
-OB
gation,
inquiry
{into);
na-
-aio, -aeuib, pacc^jsiTb [rAs^s^'eyat^J perf -yo, -euib, p -HJi, imp -H disperse, scatdissipate {also ter; dispel,
imperf
3HaqHTb --e order an investigation / inquiry {into).

[rAs^s^'PepaccjieAJOBaTb davat^] perf & imperf -yio,
-yeiiib,
-OBaji,
imp
-yft
fig)-
pacceHB|aTbc$i [rAs^sêivattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiub[rAs^sêyaCH, pacce|HTbcsi tts9] perf -locb, -eiubCH, p imp -HJiCH, -hch, -HJiacb, scatter; -Hiecfa 1. disperse, dissipate {also fig)\ 2. fig divert/ amuse oneself. paccepA|HTbC5i Iras^sî^rdiperf paccep>Kycb, pacCepAHIIIbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb, imp -HCb, -Hiecb get / become
ttja]
inquire into. paccMaTpHB|aTb [rAssmatrîvat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib,

investigate,
paccMOTplexb [rassmAtrêt''] paccMOTpHuib, p perf -K), -eji, imp -H 1. examine, scrutinize;

etc);
3.
2.
regard
discern, out.
consider (a matter, perf) consider, {as); 4. {no imperf)

{no see
clearly,
make
paccnpauiMBJaTb
shivaf*] imperf
[rAsspra-aeiub,
-aio,
angry. pacceflHH|biH niy] a [pa]
paccnpoc|MTb
[rAs^s'êya1.
[rassprAsît^]
perf
cHuib,
tion,
{here and there); (light, etc); 2. {sh f pacceHH,

-a,
-o,
-bi)
scattered diffused
paccnpomy, paccnpop -HJi, imp -H ques-
ask questions of; ask questions {about), make inquiries {about).
absent-minded;
BsrjiHA vacant glance. pacceflTb see pacceHBaxb. paccesiTbCfl see paccenBaxbCH. paccKas [rAskas, -z] -a, -OB 1. account, narrative; 2. story, narrative. paccKasarb see paccKasbiBaib. ["AskaztpaccKasbialaib -aeujb, imperf -aw, vat^J
biH
paccpoHJKa
/
[rAssroch^ka]
-KH,
-ck:
npcAocxaBHTb
Ha roA grant a year installments; installments; <> B ~Ky by on an installment plan. [rastAvapaccTa|BaTbC5i ttja] imperf -ibcb, -embCH, p
^-Ky
for
-BajicH,
-Bajiacb,
imp
-Baftca^
paccTJaTbCJi [tastattjaj perf -anycb, -aHeiUb-
-BaHTecb,
-- 395
CH, p -ajiCH, -ajiacb, imp -aHbCH, -aHbxecb 1. part {with leave (one's country, stub); etc); 2. fig give up (an idea,
etc).
pac
oAHHaKOBOM
H at the same distance; at regular intervals.
paccraBHTb
JIHTb.
see,
pacciaB-
paccxpaHBJaxb [rAstraivat**] imperf -am, -aeiiib, paccxp6|Hxb [rAstroit^] -lo, perf -Huib, p -HJI, imp -H 1. put
pnAii the ranks; 2. shatter (nerves, etc); disorder (one's health); paccxpoHXb McejiyôK cause indigestion; 3. upset,
into disorder, disturb, into confusion; axb
throw
paccxaBjilflTb
imperf paccTaBJHTb
lât^]
[rasstAv-neuib, -hk), [rAsstavît^]
break
perf
-h
1.
-JIK),
-Hiiib,
-HJi,
imp
arrange, place (in a nxb cexH certain manner)', place nets; 2. set / spread move apart (one's apart,
frustrate,
disturb
4.
(smb's
plans, etc); (smb).

vattja]
upset, put out
legs, etc).
paccTaxbcfl see paccxaeaxbCH.
paccxpaHBJaxbCH [rAstraiimperf -aiocb, -aeuib-
paccxerHB|axb [rAs**t^6gî-aeuib, imperf -aro, vat^l paccxerHJyxb [ras^'tî^gnut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -h
undo, unfasten (a ôat, etc); unbutton; unhook; unclasp; unbuckle; unzip. [rAs^tôpaccxerHBJaxbCJi -aiocb, imperf g^'ivattja] paccxerHlyxbCfl -aeiubCH, -ycb, [ras^f'i^gnuttja] perf
-euibCH, p -yjiCH, -yjiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb 1. get undone/ unfastened (of a coat, etc); get unbuttoned; get unhooked; get unclasped} get unbuckled;
2.
paccxpolHXbCJi [rAstroiperf -locb, -HUJbCH, p -hjiCH, -H,nacb, imp -hch, -flxecb fall to the ground, be up1. set (of plans, etc); 2. get up3. get out of set; be upset; tune (of an instrument).
CH,
ttja]
paccxpeji [rAstr^'elj
-a 1.
shooting (down) (of a demon2. execution stration, etc);

(by shooting).
paccxpejiMBJarb [rAstrêPivat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, paccxpeji'jHXb [rastr^'i^lât^]

-HK),
per^
-Heuib
1.
shoot
etc);
(down)
2.
(a
murderer,
use
(up) (cartridges).
see
ton
undo / unfasten / unbutpaccxpoHTb unhook one's coat [shirt, Hsaxb.

see
paccxpa-
etc],
paccxernyxb
paccxern-
saxb. paccierHyTbCfl see paccxePHBaXbCH. paccxoflHHle [rastAyanîya] (also fig)-H distance /I -H, room (between); Ha space,
paccxpOHxbCfl see paccxpaHSaXbCH. paccxpOHCTB o [ rAstroyst1
disorder, 1. confusion; npHBOAHXb b ~'0 put into disorder, throw into confusion; 2.: ô HcejiyAKa stomach disorder, indigestion;
va]
-a,
-^
pac
derangement,
396
3.
frustration plans, etc). paccyjTHTejibHlbiH [rassud^'itîPniy] a sh f paccyAHTe-0, -bi reasonable, jieH, -a, judicious, wise sober-minded.
(0/
paccbin|aTb [rasstpat*'] imperf -aio, -aeujb, paccbinjaTb [rAsslpat^] perf -jikd, -jieiiib, p -aji, imp -b 1. spill {sugar, flour, etc); 2. pour out, pour {sugar, flour, etc, into sacks,
etc).
paccyAJOK
[rAssLidal<,
-g]
reason {the power to think); 2. reason, common

-Ka
1.
pacTanjiHB|aTb
[rAstapPi-
sense;
mind,
-aio,
intellect.
paccyiK;ilaTb
imperf
-êuib
{think things {about), discuss;

{about).
[rassuzhdat^] reason reason out);
VBi^] imperf -aK), -aeuib, pacTonlHTb [rastApîf*] perf -JiK), pacTonHiiib, p -Hji, imp -H kindle, light {a stove).
lîvaL**]
argue
pacTaniHB|aTb imperf
II
-aio,
[rAstap-aeuib,
pacTon|MTb
-jiK),
[rastApît'']
perf
paccyiKAeHHle [rassuzhd^'enîya] n -h, -h reasonmg; 2. argument, discourse.
pacTonHujb, p -Hji, -H melt, render (down). paciajiTb see xaHTbl,
imp
3,
4. -a,
paccHHTarb BaTb 1, 2.
see
paccMHibi-
pacTBop [rAstvor] -OB chem solution.

pacTBOpHTbcii
I
paccHHTaTbCfl see paccqHXbiBaXbCH. [rAshîittpaccHMTbiB|aTb vot^] imperf -aro, -aeuib, pac[r8sh*':itat*'] CMHT|aTb perf
-aio,
-aeiiib 1.
see pacTBoII
pHTbCH I. paCTBOpMTbCH TBOpHTbCH II.

pacTBOplflTbCfl
râttja]
igg
pBC-
calculate, rate;
imperf
chji TBop|HTbCJi He paccHHTaxb cbohx overrate one's strength; 2. perf pacTBopHTCH, p -hjich, dismiss; 3. {no -HJiacb open {of a door, etc). discharge, pacTBOp|flTbcsi II [rastvAmean, intend; expect perf) (to do smth.); {no perf) râttja] imperf -HexcH, pac4. TBOp|HTbCJi count {on), reckon {on). [rastvAr^'ittja] pacc4HTbiB|aTbcji [rAsh^:i- perf -HTCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb tivattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeuib- chem dissolve. CH, paccMHTldTbcji pacTeHHJe [rAS^'t^'enîya] n [rosh^.itattj9[ perf -aiocb, -aeiubCH -fl, -H plant {a vegetable organism). settle accounts. pacxepeTb see pacTHpaxb. paccbiJi|aTb [rasstlat^] im[rAs''têr*'apacxepJiHHbiH perf -aio, -aeiiib, pa30CJi|aTb paaoiujiib, niy] a [pa] embarrassed, con[razAslat''] perf pa 30111 Jieiub, p -aji, imp pa- fused, perplexed; at a loss. [ras^t*'i^r*'apacTep|flTbCJi aouiJiH send, dispatch {letters, -neuibCH -aiocb, ttsaj etc, in different directions). perf become confused, pacchinaTb see paccbinaTb. become
,
[rastvAI -HercH, pac[rastvArîttjaJ
397
pacxporjaxb
-aK), -aeuib
pac
[rAstrogat^j
embarrassed, become perplexed, lose one's head; be taken aback. pac|Tii [rAs^tî] imperf -Ty,
perf
stir.
move, touch,
p poc, pocjia, imp -th 1. grow up {of children, etc); 2. grow, increase, mount. [ras^tîr^t"'] pacTHpjaTb imperf -aio, -aeiub, pacTepexb
-Teuib,
vat^]
pacxHTMBJaxb [rAs'tâgîimperf -aio, -aeiub, pac-
[ras^tî^rêt''] perf paaoTpy, paaoTpeiub, p pacrep, pacxepjia, imp pasoTpH 1. grind {to powder, etc); 2. massage, rub. paCTHTeJIbHOCT|b [rAS^'t^'ltîPnas^t^, -z^d^] / -h vegetation, verdure. pacTHTejibHbiH [rAs^tîtîl^niy] a vegetable {diet, oil, etc); MHp the vegetable
xflH|yxb [ras^'tî^nut''] perf -y, pacxHHeujb, p -yji, imp -h 1. stretch {rubber, leather, etc); 2. sprain, strain, pull; 3. drag out (a report, etc); prolong {pleasure, etc). [rAs^tâpat:xrHBlaxbCJi
g^'ivattsa]
tî'^nuttja]
imperf
perf
-aiocb,
[ras**-
-aembCH, pacxJiHlyxbCfl
HeujbCH,
-ycb, pacxH-yjiacb, -yjiCH,

1.
imp
ged
2.
-HCb,
-Hxecb
be drag-
out, draw in length; stretch oneself, sprawl.
kingdom.
pacTOjiOHb see TOJioMb. pacTonMTb I see pacTanjiH-
Baib I. pacToniiTb II see pacranjiHBaTb II. [rastArgat^] pacToprjaxb imperf -aio, -aeuib, pacxoprH|yxb [rAstorgnut^] perf -y, euib, p pacxopr {-yji), pacxopFJia,
cel,
pacxflHyxb see pacxHrHsaxb. pacxHHyxbCji see pacxarwBaXbCH. [rAskhazhtpacxa}KHB|axb vat*"] imperf -aw, -aeuib walk/ about; about; stroll strut pace {the floor).
annul, candissolve {a treaty, agreement^ etc).

-h
imp
pacxoA [rAskhot, -d] pi -bi, -OB {mostly pi) penses, expenditure; <> BBCCXH KOrO-Jl. B
-
-a,
ex-
put
abrogate,
smb
ttja]
to expense.
pacxop)KeHH|e [rastArzhenîya] n -a. annulment, cancellation, abrogation; dissolution (of a marriage, etc). pacxop6nH|biH [rsstArdpnfy] a sh f pacxoponen, -a, -o, -bi prompt, quick, efficient.
[raskhAdîpacxoAJMXbCJi imperf pacxoHtycb, pacXOAHUIbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb, paaofiixHCb [razAytîs^] perf -Aycb, -AeuibCH,
paaoiuejicji, paaouiJiacb, -AHCb, -AHxecb 1. go away, depart {of guests, etc); disperse, break up {of a crowd,
imp
pacxpaxja [rAstrata] / -bi, embezzlement, peculation. pacxporaHHbiH [rAstrdganiy] a [pa\ moved, touched.
etc);
fail to meet, miss 2. each other {said of two moving people, cars, etc); 3. part {cease associating); drift apart
|)ac
4.
398
get divorced; be diverge, branch off; 5. fig d'lUev {in opinion); y Hero cjiosa He pacxoi^HTCH c AeJioM his words and deeds are never at variance; 6. be sold out; be out of print; be
(of people);
divorced;
1. estimate, assess; 2. fig qualify, regard, consider; KaK Bbi -aexe axo saivieqaHHe? what do you think of this
-H
remark?
paciêHlKH [rAstsenk^'i] pi -OK {sing pacueHK|a / -h)
rates,
spent (of money, etc); 7. fig into rage / temper; fly a

let oneself
prices.
[rAsh*':6st-
pacHecaxb see pacqecbisaxb.

pacnecbiBlaxb
vat^j
-aeiub, imperf -aio, pacHejcaxb [rashî^sat^] perf -my, pacqemeuib, p -caji, imo
-uiH
1.
go.
[rAskhodapacxofljOBaxb -yeiiib, vat*'] imperf -yio, p -OBaji, imp -yft, HsipacxoAoBaxb [izrAskhodavat^] perf spend, expend; iise (co/isume); perf also use up, run out of. pacxowAeHHie [raskhAzhdênîya] n -ji, -h divergence,
opinion, etc); {of discrepancy. pacxoxo|TaTbcji [raskhakhAtattsa] pacxoperf -^ycb, xoMeuibCH, p -xajicfl, -xajiacb, -qHxecb imp -qHCb, burst into laughter, burst out laughdifference
ing.
comb
{the
hair);
2.
scratch raw {the skin). [rAsh^:6t, pacHex -d] -a, -OB calculation {also 1. technol); estimate {preliminary calculation); 2. settling(of accounts) {with); no 6e3najiHWHOMy - y by written order {of buying, etc); 3.: Aaib discharge, dismiss; B3HXb ~ quit, leave one's job; 4..: Hex a AeJiaxb axo col it's not worth the trouble / doing
pacusecxH see pacitBexaxb. this; pacuBex [rAstjv'êt, -d] m <> npHHHMaxb B take into bloom, blossoming, consideration / account; 6wxb -a 1. efflorescence; 2. fig heyday, B --e c KCM-Ji. be quits with flourishing, golden age; 6yp- smb; B ~e Ha hxg-ji. countHbifi rapid growth, astound: ing on smth. calculating on
ing
growth;
of
life.
~e
chji' in
the
prime
pacuBex|,axb [rastjvî^ta^'']
irnperf -aip, -aeiiib,
cxii [rastjvî^s^t^'i]
-xeiiib,
1.
paci;Be|-
~a at a rate {of). pac4exjiHB|biH [rAshîof*lîviy] a sh f ^, -a, -o, -bi econornical (perso/i); prudent,
smth; H3
circumspect.
perf -xy,
pacuiHpHXb see pacuiHpHXb. [rashiirât''] pacuiMplxb imperf -hio, -neuib, pacuiH2. fig flourish, prosper. [rAstjenî- p|HXb [rAsh:frît''] perf -k), pacueHHB|axb -aio, -aeiub, -Huib, p -HJi, imp -b widen, vat''] imperf expand, pacueHJHXb [rastst^nît''] perf broaden, enlarge, -h;i, imp extend. K), pacueHHiub, p
-XII
p pacuBeji, -Jia, imp blossom (out), bloom;
399
-jidcb
(-jiocb),
pe6
-JiHCb,
pacuiH^poeaTb see paciim4)p6BbIBaTb. paciuH(})p6BbiB|aTb [r8sh:ifroviv^t^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, pacuiH(|)p|oBaTb [rashiJfrAvat^] perf -yio, -yeuib, p -OBaji, imp -yfl decipher {also
fig).
-Jiacb,
(-JIHCb),
1.
imp pBHCb, pBHXeCb

2.
tear {become torn);
burst
{of shells, etc); 3. fig be dying, strain (/o do smth); ^xbcji
B 6oH
be
spoiling
for
fight.
pBeHHJe [rvênîya] n -h [rash^:i^p- zeal, fervour, ardour, enthupacmenjieHHle Penîya] n -a phys, chem siasm. pBex splitting; fission; [rvôt, breaking see -d] pBaxb II. up. pBH [rvî] see pBaxb I. pa(})HHaA [raPinat, -d] m pBMCb [rVîs^, 'Z^j, pBH-a lump sugar. [rvît^'is^, [rgtsia- xecb -z^] pauHOHajiHsauHJsi see nal^'izatsiya] / -h rationali- pBaxbCH. pBoxja [rvota] / -bi vomitzation; improvements {in ing, vomit. production, technique, etc). pBy [rvu], pBCuib [rvôsh, pauHOHajibH|biH [ratjtAnal^pauHonajieH, -a, rational {expedient). pea [rva], pBoe [rvof, -v] see poB. pBaH|bijf [rvaniy] a torn {coat, etc); lacerated {wound). pBaJTb I [rvat^] imperf psy, pBeiiib, p -ji, -jia, pBajio, pBajiH, imp pBH, nopEJaxb
-0,
-bi
niy] a sh f
-zh]
see
pBaxb
I.
pBycb [rvus^, -z^J, pBeiubcsi [rv'ôshs^'a] see pBaxbCH. pearMpjoBaxb [rîAg^'iravat^] imperf -yio, -yemb, p -oBaji, imp -yfl 1. biol,
chem pond
a
react;
{to).
2.
react {to), res-
peaKXHBHbiH [rîAktîvnty]
jet {attr) {engine,
etc).
IpArvat^J perf
-aji,
-y,
-euib,
1.
-ajia,
2.
imp
-h
tear,
rend;
ers,
etc);
{no perf) pick {flow3. fig break (off)
peaKUHOHHibiM [r^'iAktjtdnniy] a sh f peaKUHoneH, -a,

-bi reactionary. peaKUHlsi I [rîâktsiya] / -H, -H reaction {to). peaKHH|si II [rîâktsiya] / -H pol reaction. peajiHSM [rîAlîzm] m -a realism.
-o,
{with);
3y6bi extract teeth, teeth; '--xb h mcxaxb col be in a rage. pBaxb II [rvat^] imperf pBex, pBajio, BbipBJaxb p [virvat^] perf -ex, p -ajio impers vomit, throw up; ero
<> Tb pull out
peajibHJbiH sh f peajieH,
[r^'iâl^ntyj
-a, -o, -bi
psex he
its.
is
vomiting, he vom-
l.real {facts, etc); 2. practical, realistic; practicable, feasible.
pByCfa,
pBa|xbCfl [rvattj9] imperf pBeuibCH, -JICH, p
pe6eH|oK
[rî^b^'onak, -g] -Ka, pi pe6axa, pe6flx, pe-

6HTaM child,
kid;
400
baby,
-a,
in-
perHCTpaxypla
tura] /
-bi,
[r'lgîstrA-
fant {also fig).
registry
{an
peSpjo [r^'i^bro] n pe6pa, pe6ep, pe6paM

technol rib;
<0>
pi anat,
office).
perHCTpHploBaxb
[r^'igist-
rîravat^l /mper/ -yio, -yeinb,
cxaBHTb Bonpoc
~6m
put
pe-
a question point-blank. pe6flTa [rî^bâta] see
p -oeaji, imp cxpHpoBaxb

ravat^J ord.
-yft,
3a!perHrec-
[zarîgîstr^'i-
perf
register,
6eH0K. pee [rôf, -v] m -a 1. roar {of animals, the sea, wind)', 2. col howl, weeping. peBJexb [rî^vêt^] imperf
-y, -eiEb,
perHCxpHp|oBaxfaCji
[rîg^'i-
strîravattsa] itnperf -yiocb, -yembC5r,p -oeajiCH, -oeajiacb, imp -yftcH, -yiiTecb, saiperH-
-eji,
imp
-h
1.
roar
animals, the sea, wind)', 2. col howl, weep. peBH3H|H [rî^v^'izîya] / -H, -H I. inspection [an official examination, check-up)', 2.
{of
cxpHpoBaxbCfl [zarîgîstrî1. ravattsa] register perf

oneself, register one's name; 2. register one's marriage.
-.d]
revision {distorting changes).
m
sh
peBMaTH3M [r'îvniAtîzm] -a med rheumatism.

peBHHB|biH
f
[rî^vn^'iviy] a
-o,
-bi
perjiaMeHx [rî^glam^'mt, m -a time-limit {at a meeting)', regulations of procedure, standing order {at a meeting). peryjiMpjoBaxb [rîgulîravat^j
-oeaji,
'^,
-a,
jealous
imperf
-yK),
-yfl
-yeuib,
{wife, etc).
imp
regulate
[rîvnAvat^] peBH|oBaTb imperf -y\o, -yeiiib, p -oeaji,
imp
-yft
feel
{life, army). peAaKXHp|oBaxb [rîdAktî[rêvnas^'t^, ravat^] imperf -yio, -yeiiib, peBHOCTJb -z^d^] / -H jealousy {of a lov- p -oeaJi, imp -yft, oxjpeAaKMyKH ---H torments of xHpoBaxb [AtrîdAktîravat''] er);
lover)',
be
jealousy {of a jealous of {one's
{speed, prices, etc). peryjiflpHlbiH [r^'igulârnty] a sh f peryjiHpeH, -a, -o, -u
regular
wife, etc).
jjealousy.
perf edit.
peBOjiiouHOHep
tstAn'êr]
-a,
[rîvalû-ob revolu-
tionary.
peB0jiK)U,H6iiH|biH [r^'ivaPu-
pcAaKxcp [rî^daktar] -a, -OB editor; oTBexcxBeHHbiH -^ editor-in-chief.

pCAaKUHlfl [rî^daktjtya] / -H 1.: noA eft... edited by.s.; 2. wording {new, fresh, etc, of a text); 3. variant, reading {of a hook); 4. editorial board; editorial staff;
-H,
tjionnty] a sh f peBOJiiouHoHCH, -a, -o, -bi revolutionary
{movement,
/ -H, -H
etc).
peBOjiibuH|fl [r'îvAl^'utjiya]
revolution {1) 2) a complete change).
pol;
5.
editorial office,
401
peK
reserve(s) (1) mil;
etc).
pcuHcIna [rî^dîska] /-KH,

-OK radish.
-08
2) of
raw materials,
a
1.
sli
peAKlHH [rêtkîy]
peAOK,
-a,
pesHHla
[r^
-o,
sparse, rare; 2. currence, etc). peflKOCT b [ rêtkas^t^ -z^d^ ]

,
1
thin, rare {guest, oc-H
(india-)rubber. pe3HH|Ka [rî^zînka] / -kh, -OK eraser {of rubber); 1.

2.
elastic.
/ -H,
<0-
-eft
rarity;
~h A66pbiH [KpacMu m. n.] of rare kindness very / excepetc\\ [beauty, [beautiful, kind tionally
Ha
Bbiii
pesMHOBbiH [rî^z'înaviy] a rubber {ball', etc). pe3K|HH [rêskîy] a -aH,

-oe, -He, sh f pesoK, -a, -o, -h sharp {wind, words, change, etc); harsh {contrast, voice,
etc].
pence
[rêzhi^]
comp
of
person,
etc);
short
{temper,
peAKHH and corresp adv.

1.
manners,
hh-
etc);
hh
sanax
pejKHM [rî^zhlm] m regime (also pal)',
-a, -ob
strong smell.
/ -H,
diet; co6jiiOAaTb noCTejibHbiH ' tned keep one's
TaHHH
bed; 2. technol rate, conditions {of temperature, etc); aKOHOMHH economy, pol<^ icy of economizing. pewHCcep [rîzhisôr] producer {of a play, -a, -OB
etc).
pe)Ky
[r^'ezhash,
[r'êzhu],
-zh]
pcHceiub
see pesaxb.
pe)Kb [rêsh, -zh] see p3a TK. [rêzat^] pea] ax b imperf pecy, pesceuib, p -aji, imp pe>Kb, Baipeaaxb [zArêzat^] perf \. {no perf) cut {1) dismtfi sharp; 2) vide with cause pain, as of a string);
2.
[r^'izAputjiys] resolution 7^/ ci meeting, etc); BbinecxH ~k) a resolution; pass / adopt 2. decision,, conclusion, brief instructions {written on an application, report, etc); najiojKHTb -K) write brief instriictions, write one's decision / conclusion {on an application, report, etc). [rîzul't^t, -d] pe3yjibxix -OB result; Ao6HXbCH -a, x6p6mHX -ÔB achieve good results; make a good showing; make good progress; <> B ~e as a result {of).
pe30JiH)UH|ii
-ft
1.
trip''
pefic [rêys, -z] run; av flight.
m
,
-a,
-ob
kill,
slaughter (ca///e,
etc);
3.
{no perf): ~axb cjiyx jar on the ears; ---axb rjiaaa irritate the eyes. pe3B|biH [r^'ezviy] a sh f '-', -a, -o -bi 1. frisky, sportive; 2. fast {horse).
peK|d [rî^ka] / -h, ace -y (p^Ky), pi peKH, -aM(peKaM) river {also fig).
peKBM3Hp|0Baxb
[r^'ikvîzî-
pesepB
[r^'i^zêrf,
-v]
m -a, ^
ravat^] perf & imperf -yra, -yeuib, p rOBaJi, imp -yfi requisition {property). peKjiaMJa [r^'i^klama] / -bi,
I.
advertisement,
ad;
pCK
theat h\\\\ vertising.
2.
402
tîraval^]
publicity,
ad-
peKOMeHflauH|n [rîkam^'i^ndat^tya] / -h, -h recommendation (/) advice or praise; 2) a letter of recommendation).
imperf -yio, -yeuib, p -OBaji, imp -yft, oxipeMOHTHpOBaTb[AtrîmAn^tîr9V9t^]

perf repair, refit, overhaul. peHTa6ejibH|biH [rî^ntab^'il^niy] a sh f peHiaSejieH, -a, -o, -bi non-deficient, paying {concern, etc).
peKOMCHAloBaxb
[r'îkamîn-
dAvat^] perf & imperf -yK), -yeiub, p -oBaji, imp -yft recommend (/) speak in favour
of;
peHTieHOBCKlHH [rî^ntgênafskîy]
a
{attr);
-aa,
-oe,
-He
Jiyqii
2) advise).
/
X-ray
-h
ne
peKOHCTpyKi;H|n
struktjiya]
tion. pcKopjl
[rîkAnreconstruc-
-OB record
ance);
[rî^kort, -d] -a, {the best perform/
X-rays; ~hh chhmok radiograph. pen! a [rêpa] / -bi turnip.
penepxyap
-a
[rîpîrtuar]
theat
repertoire,
reper-
nociaBHTb
yciaHOBHTb
tory.
set a record.
pcnexHp!oBaxb
[rîpî^tî-
pejiHrHoaHJbiH [rîPigîoz- ravat''] imperf -yio, -yeuib, niy] a sh f pejiHrHoaen, -a, p -oeaji, imp -yft theat re-bi religious {1) beliefs, hearse. -o, penexHUH|ji [rîp^'i^tîtjiya] etc, 2) person, etc); -~biH o6pHA religious rite/ ceremony. / -H, -ft theat rehearsal. penopxajK [rîpArtash, -zh] [rî^l'îgîya] pejiHrHla / -a, -eft eyewitness account -H, -H religion {belief in and worship of God or gods). reporting {of a match, etc); -z] -a, {for the press or radio). pejibc [rêl''?,
-OB rail (for trains, etc). peM|eHb [rî^m'ên^] m-nn, -Heft strap (of leather, etc);
(waist-)belt.
-OB reporter,
/ -H,
-ft
penopxep [rîpArtôr] news-man.
-a,
penpeccHlfl [rî^pr^'esîya]
repression {.against)
peMecjieHHHK [rî^mês^Pinîk, -g] craftsman;
noAEepraxbCH --'HM be
cuted, sions.
-a,
2.
-ob
1.
(handi-)
be
subject
perseto repres-
fig
etc]
mediocre
worker
I'mniy]
[artist,
a:
penpoflyKxop [rîprAduktar]
peMecjieHi
m
~oe
yqnJiHme
-a,
-OB loud
speaker.
trades school. peMecjijo [rîmî^slo] n -^, peMeceji, peMecpi peMecjia jiaM trade, handicraft. -a peMOHT [rî^mont, -d]
penyxauHJfl [rîputatsiya] / -H reputation, repute; ;;opo}KHXb CBoeft êft value

one's
-bi,
reputation.
/
pecHMuja
[rî^s^n'îtsa]' eyelash.
repair(s); b
~e under repair. peMOHTHp|oBaTb [r^'imAn^-
pecny6jiHK|a
kaj / -H,
[r^'i^spubPirepublic.
403
pecny6jiHKaHCK|HH [rîspublîkanskîy] a -aH, -oe, -He republic's, 1. republican; 2. all-republic (attr).
pRH
pecTopaH [rîslAran] -OB restaurant. ped}6pM|a [rî^forma] / '-' reform; jieueyKHan
-a,
peujeHH|e [rî^shenîya] n 1. decision {of a committee, etc); resolution {of a meeting); judgement {of a court); verdict {of a jury); npHHHTb
-H, -H
~e
-bi,
1)
make up
one's
mind,
monetary / currency reform. peueHSHJn [rî^tsen^zîya]

/
-H,
theat
-H review, criticism; notice {in the precis).

[rî'^tsept, -bd]
to a decision; make a decision; 2) pass a resolution; BhinecTH --el) deliver judgement; return a verdict; 2) pass a resolution; 2. solution
{of
3.
come
peuenr
m-a,
ment
-OB recipe;
(attr);
med
prescription.
riverine;
pcHHOH [rî^ch^noy] a river

riverain;
problem, etc); settlea question, etc); conclusion {a judgement). peuieT|Ka [r*'i^sh6tk9] /

a
{of
TpsMBaH river bus.

peH|b frêch^, -j^] / -h, speech; npHBeTCTBeHHan '--b salutatory address, speech of welcome; o qeivi ~b? what are you talking about?; o6 9T0M H --H He 6hiJio there was no question of this; o6 3T0M He MOJKCT 6bITb H ~H this is out of the question. peui|aTb [rî^shat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, pem'|HTb [r^'i'^shft^] perf -y, -Huib, p -hji,
-eft
.
-KH, -OK grating, grate; fendfire-guard; <> sa 'KCH col in jail; nocaAHTbsa ^Ky col jail, put into prison.
er;
peuiHTejibHOcxlb [r^'i^shttîPnas^t^, -z^d^] / -h resoluteness, resolution.

peiiiHTejibH|biil
[rî^^shi-
tîPnty] a
-a,
-0, -bi
1.
sh f peiiiHTejieH, decisive {major
deciding); 2. determined, decided, resolute; 3. resolute, firm.
imp
(a
-H
make up
1. decide, resolve; one's mind; 2. solve
problem,
etc);
settle
{a
peuiMTb see pemarb. peuiHTbcsi see pemaTbCH. p)KaB|eTb [rzhavît^] imperf -eeT rust {of iron, etc). piKaBHHHJa [rzhafchîna] / -bi rust {on iron, etc). pjKaxb [rzhat^] imperf pjKex, p pjKaji neigh.
question, etc). peui|aTbC5i
[rî*^shatts9]
-aeuibCH, peui|HTbC5i [rî^shfttsa] perf -yCb, -HIlJbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb,
imperf -aiocb,
imp
-iicb,
one's mind, ture, dare.

sh^-.iy]
-HTecb make up determine; ven-
pwH
[rzhi]
see
po^b.
pHHr [rînk,
-g]
-a,
-ob
peuiaiomlHH a \pa]
[rî^shayu-
ring {for boxing, etc). pHH|yTbcJi [rînuttja]
perf
decisive
-an, -ee, -He {battle, step, etc);
deciding {vote, etc)^
-ycb, -euibCH, p -yjiCH, -yjiacb, imp -bCH, -bxecfe rush (headlong), dash.
pHC
404
II part 1. exactly, sharp, pHC [rîs, -z] m -a rice. pMCK [rîsk, -zg] m -a risk; 2.: ~ HHMero col absolutely nojtBepraTbCH y run risks; nothing, just nothing. p6BH|biH [rovnty] a sh f HATH na -' run the risk (o/); run risks; c om hjih >kh3- poBeH, -a, -o, -bi 1. flat, HH at the risk of one's life. even, level; 2. str.ight {line, etc); 3. even, equal; pHCKHyxb see pHCKoeaTb. blM CHeTOM pHCK|oBaTb HHMCrO fr^'iskAvat^] <> imperf -yio, -yeiijb, p -oBaji, col absolutely nothing, just imp -yfl, pHCKH|yTb [rîsk- nothing; jujin -ore CMera to nut^] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, make it even {of an amount,
1. risk; run the risk imperf also run risks; one's ' OBaxb rojiOBOH risk neck / life; 2. dare; perf also venture. pHcjOB^Tb [rîsAvat^] imperf -yK), -yeiiib, p -oBaji,
imp
-H
etc).
(o/);
-OB
2.
por [rok, 1. horn
-g] {of
m m
-a,
pi
-a,
a deer,
etc);
horn, bugle; Tpy6HTb b

pofl
[rot,
blow the horn.

-d]
-a,
-OB
1.
family,
kin;
imp
-yfi,
HaipHCOBaib [narî-
SAvat^] perf 1. draw, paint; 2. fig depict, paint; 3. fig picture, imagine. pHcyH|oK Trîsunak, -g] m -Ka, -KOB drawing, picture;
figure (a
numbered picture
[rîtm]
in
a book).
y this runs in their family; 2.: 6biTb --om H3... come from... {by origin); 3. kind, sort; bchkofo â all kind of, of all kinds; 4.: -' saHHTHH trade, profession; 5. ling gender; 6. biol genus; qejioBeHecKHH family
HHX B
pi -u, sto y
pMTM
-a,
-ob
[rîtmîchâ sh f pHTMHêH, -a, -0, -bi rhythmical. pH4)M|a [r^'ifma] / -bi, ' rhyme {in a verse). p66k|hh [ropkîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f p66oK, -a, -o, -H timid, shy.
rhythm. pHTMHHH|biH
nty]
predestined; b HeKoropOM -e to some degree; b CBoeM ~-e in his [their, etc] way; ht6-to B 3T0M ~e something of the kind; njiTb [uiecxb u m. d.]
man, human race; -- bchck mil (fighting) arm; h3 a b -^ from generation to generation; Ha ^y HanHcaHo be
of
pOB
pBbi,
[rof,
-v]
pBa,
pi
pBOB ditch (a trench). poeecHHK [rAvês^n^'ik, -g] '-HH AOM maternity house / m a, -OB coeval {of the same hospital; ~oe oxACJieHHe deage);
6t pOAy five [six, etc] years old. pOAHJibH|biH [rAdîPnty] a:

jier
mm ~h we
age.
I
are of the
livery
room
same
poBHo [rovna]
larly, evenly;
adv regu-
poAHHla homeland,
tive land.
{in hospital). [rodîna] /
-bi
motherland,
na-
405
po;iHTeji|H
-eft
pOM
po3KAeHH|e
-H, -H 1.
[rAdîtîPi]
pi
parents.
poA|HTb [rAd^'it*'] perf & imperf poHcy, -Hinb, p perf -HJia, -HJIO, -HJIH, -HJl, p imperf -hji, -HJia, -hjio, -hjih, Christmas.
[rAzhdên^'iya] birth {of a child); 2. birthday. [razhdî^stvo] po;iecTBl6 n -a Christmas; na -^6 at
imp -H 1. give birth to; 2. fig give rise to; 3 bear {of
soil,
etc).
[rAzhu] see poAHXb. pO)Kb [fosh, -Zh] / pJKH, instr -K) rye; osHMan win-
powy
&
pOA|HTbCJi [rAdîttja] perf -htch, imperf p perf

(-HJlOCb)
ter rye;
nposaH
spring rye.
p63|a [roza] /
-bi,
rose;
-HJICH (-HJ1CH), -HJiaCb (-HJiaCb),
-HaoCb
jiHCb),
-HJlHCb (-H-
p imperf
-hjich, -HJiacb,
-HJIOCb,
-HJIHCb,
imp
-HCb,
-Hiecb 1. be born; 2. fig into being.
come
pOAHHK
-a,
[rAd^n'îk, -g] -OB spring {of water).
m 0 m
poflHloH [rAdnoy] I a I. {uncle, etc); ~6h 6paT brother; an cecrpa sister; 2. native {town, etc); 3.:moh OH (my) dear, (my) darling {an address); II as a noun p o ^ h bi e pi -bix relatives, relations;
own
rose-bush. posAaji [rozdal] p of pa3AaTb; see pasAaBaxb. p630B[biH [rozaviy] a sh f ~', -a, -o, -bi pink, rose-coloured; rosy; BHAerb Bce b ~om cbcxe / uBCxe see through rose-coloured spectacles. posbirpbiui [rozigrish, -zh]
-a,
-eS
1.
drawing
lottery); 2.
sport:
{of
Ky6Ka
MOH
bie my
m
-a,
relatives;
my
cup tournament. pOH I [roy] m pon, pi poH, poeB swarm. pOH II [roy] see pbiTb. poHCsi [roysâ], pOMxecb
[royf'is^, -z^] see pbixbCH.
people.
poACTBCHHHK
nîk, -g]
relation.
[rotst^v^m^-ob
relative,
pOKOBOH
[rakAvoy] a
fatal
{hour, mistake, etc).

poji|b [roP] / -H, -efi role, part; <> 3X0 He Hrpaex --H it is of
poflCTBCHHlwH [rotst^v^mniy] a sh f poACTBen, -a, -o,

kindred, related. OB childpOAlbi [rodi] pi -birth, delivery. pojKlaTb [rAzhaf*] imperf -aio, -aenib col give birth to. po)Kfl|aTb [rAzhdat^] imperf
-bi
no importance. pOMaH [rAman]

1.
novel;
2.
col
-a, -ob love-affair,
romance.
poMaHc [rAmans,
-OB romance, song.
-z]
-a,
-aio,
-aeiiJb=poAHTb
-aiocb,
1, 2.
pOMaHXHHecKlHH
tîch^'iskîy]
poxcAiarbCfl
imperf
JlHTbCfl,
[rAzhdattja] -aeiiibCfl=po-
a -an,
[ramAn**-oe, -He
[
romantic. pOMauilKa
[FAmashkaJ
pOH
-KH, -CK ox-eye daisy;
[rAnât^l
406
camoimperf
mile. poHlflTb
-HK),
n'ît*']
-TAJi,
-neiiib,
ypoHlHTb
-k>,
perf
[ufaypoHHiiib, p
fall;
magnitude {of a problem facing smb, etc). pOT [rot, -d] m pxa, pi pxbi, pxoB 1. mouth {in the
head);
feed);
2.
fig
col
~-
mouth
{to
imp
-H 1. drop, let
2.:
~HTb
CBoe
aoctohhctbo
<>
He Gpaxb B
not touch
lose
one's dignity.
{wine., etc);
pasMuyB
col
ponoT [ropat, -d] m -a mur- agape, gaping. pox a [rota] / -u, mil mur, grumble. ponTJaTb [rAptat^] imperf company; troop {of mechanizponmy, ponmeiub, p -aji, imp ed cavalry). p6m|a [rosh^'-.a] / -h, ponmH murmur, grumble.
I
poc
[ros,
-z],
pocjia [rAsla]
/
-bi,
see pacTii.
~
1.
poc a [rAsa]
I
pi pocbi,
grove {a small wood). poH) [royu], poeiub [royash, -zh] see pwib.
poiocb
[royus**,
-z^j,
dew
f
(on grass).
p6-en
pocKoiuHlbiH
[rAskoshnly]
-a, -o,
-bi
euibcsi [royashs^'a] see pbixbCH.

poflji|b
a sh
pocKomeH,
[rAyaP]
-h,
luxurious, sumptuous; 2. col splendid, grand. p6cK0iu|b [roskash, -zh] / -H 1. luxury; 2. splendour, greatness.
pocjibifl
[rosHy] a
[rospusk,
tall
and
stalwart.
(grand) piano. PC<1>CP [er-es-ef-es-er] abbrev if) (=PoccHHCKaH CoBexcKan 4>eAepaxHBHayi CoUHaJiHCXHqecKan Pecny6jiHKa) RSFSR (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic).
pocnycK
-a
-zg]
pxa
[rta],
pxoB
[rtof,
-v]
dismissal {of
poccHHCKlHft
parliament
[rAs*'iysk**iy]
see pox.
etc).
a -an,
sia's.
-oe, -He
Russian, Rus-
pocT [rost, -zd] m -a (-y) growth {of a plant, etc); increase, rise, 2. growth, expansion; development, 3. height {of a person)', BbicoKoro [HHSKoro] ~a tall [short] {person); no y according to height; b ~ qe1.
pxyxjb [rtut'', -d''] / -h mercury, quicksilver. py6aui|Ka [rubashka] / -kh, -eK shirt; chemise; <> poAHXbcji B KC be born with a silver spoon in
one's mouth. py6e [rubêsh, -zh] -a, -eft \ boundary, border; 2. mil line, objective, position; <> 3a ~6m abroad.
py6|eu [rubêtj,
-dz]
m
2. -a,
-ua,
jioBCKa of man's height;

<> BO BCCb {of standing)',
{portrait)',
3)
1)
upright
all
its
-UOB 1. hem, seam; {on the skin).
scar
2)
full-length
py6HH
[rub^'in]
-oa
fig in
min ruby.

py6|iiTb
-jiK),
407
~a
pyK
66 pyKy hand in nero pyKH onycKahe is losing heart; 30j!oxbie pyKH be
[rubît^]
-HJi,
imperf
<>
py6Hmb, p
imp
-h,
hand; y
loxcsi
c!py6HTb [srubît^] perf hew, hack, cut; chop (up); mince; fell, chop down.
py6jilb rouble.
ing;
HMexb
master of
[rubP]
-h,
-efi
pyranjb [rugan^] f-H swear6e3 Hero-Ji. KaK 6e3 bad language, abuse. pyrjixb imperf helpless without smth; [rugat^]
-aenib, Bbipyrjaxb [vtru1.
one's craft; ;êpxaxb B ax control, have in hand; Bsnxb ceSa b pyKH pull oneself together; Swxb
feel
-aio,
nepBux [h3 Bxopbix]

first
h3
at
scold, abuse; reprimand; 2. criticize severely. pyrlaxbcfl [rugattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, Bbipyr|aTbCfl -aiocb, [vtruâttsa] perf -aeuibCH 1. swear, curse; imperf also call names; 2. {no
gat^] perf -Sim, -aeiiib
[second] hand; axo
eMy
Ha pyKy this serves his purpose; Ha pyKy hchhcx col light-fingered, pilferer; axo he coujjio eMy c ' co/ got away with it; noA ~6h at hand; no aM! col it's a
bargain!, settled!
abuse perf) quarrel bitterly; each other. pyflja [ruda] / -bi, pi pyAti, extract ore; AoCbiBaxb
pyKaB [rukaf,
-a,
-OB
1.
^y
ore.
~-a roll up branch, arm {of technol hose.
-a, pi -v] sleeve; sacyqHXb one's sleeves; 2.
a river);
3.
pyflHHK
-a,
[rud^n'îk,
-g]
-OB mine {to get ore). py3Kb|e [ruzhyo] n -h, pi py>Kb5i, pyêft, py^L^M gun, shot-gun; oxoxHHqbe -^-e fowling-piece; <> noji ~eM under arms. pyKJa [ruka] / -h, ace pyKy, pi pyKH, ~-, -aM hand {1} of the arm; 2) possession, control; 3) handwriting; 4) col side, direction); arm {the limb); AepHcaxb [hccth u m.n.] Ha -ax hold [carry, etc] in one's arms; /êpscaxb b ~ax hold in one's hands [also see
pyKOBOflHxejilb [rukavAdîtîP] -H, -eft leader, head; instructor {of a circle, etc); KjiaccHbiH b home teacher, class master. pyKOBOA^Hxb [rukavAdît^]
imperf
-HJI,
pyKOBOJKy,
-H
1.
-HUib,
imp
lead, guide,
be at the head supervise.
{of); 2.
direct,
pyKOBOACXBlo [rukAvotstva] n -a, -^ 1. leadership; 2. handbook, manual.

pyKOAejiH|e
[rukAdêlîya]
needlework, fancy-work. pyKonHcjb [rulopîs^, -z^\ O]; HAXH noA pyKy c KeM-Ji. f -H, -eft manuscript. walk arm-in-arm with smb; pyKOnoiKaxHle [rukapAzhaxporaxb ~aMH touch {put the tîya] n -h, -ft handshake, hand on smth); handclasp; o6MeHHBaxbCfl 'â-
-H
pyji
408
KCM-Ji.
m
-bH,
MH
shake
hands
a
with smb.
I pyjieBOH [rulî^voy] steering, rudder (attr); II as a noun p y ji e B^jo h
[ruchêy] pyHJefl -bCB brook, stream.
-dro,
-bix
1.
helmsman, man
at the wheel; steersman; 2. fig leader.
pyjijb
[rul^]
-h,
-en
[ruch^ka] / -kh, of pyKa; 2. han die; (of a door, etc) arm (of a chair); 3. penfhold er); aBxoMaTHqecKaji / caMO nHiiiymaH ---Ka fountain-pen py4H|6H [ruch^noy] a
-CK
1.
pyH|Ka
dim knob
rudder (of a boat, etc); steer- hand (attr), arm (attr); bie ing-wheel; handle-bars; helm Macbi wrist watch; 2. manua (labour, etc); 3. tame (ani (of a boat; also fig). pyiMbiH [rumin] m -a, mat, bird).
-^
Rumanian.
[rumlnsk'îy]
pyMii'iHCK|HH a -an, -oe, -He
pyui|HTbCJi [rushlttja] im perf -HTCH 1. fall in, col

lapse,
to the
Rumanian.
pyMH|ei; [rumânîtj, -dz] m -ua (high) colour; blush, glow, pyMflH|biH [rumâniy] a sh f ^, -a, -o, -bi rosy, rud-
cave in; 2. fig fal ground, be destroyed
pbiSja
yAHTb HH
y
a
fish
[riba] / -bi, angle, fish; HH Mflco col
fish
nci
dy (cheeks). pynop [rupar] 1. megaphone,

-trumpet;
2.
-a,
-ob
speaking-
fig mouthpiece.
pycjijo [rusb] n -a, -- river-bed; fig also channel.
nor flesh, neither one thing, nor the other KaK ~a B BOAe in one's element. pbi6aK [ribak, -g] m -a, -OB fisherman;
ther
pyccK|HH
-aH,
II
[ruskîy]
prov
-oe, -He Russian; as a noun pyccKlnft m -oro, -Hx Russian. pyxHlyTb [rukhnut^] perf
-y,
1.
BHAMT H3AajieKa birds of a feather flock together. [rlbniy] a fish pbiSHlbiH (attr); fishing (industry, etc); ~bfe KOHcepBbi tinned /can<>
â
-euib,
-yji,
imp
-h
ned
fish.
crash down, tumble down; 2. fig fail, be destroyed (of plans, etc). pyHJaTbCfl [ruchâttja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiUbCH, nopyHlHTbCJi [paruchîttsa] perf
collapse,
-ycb, nopyMHUjbCH,
-HJiacb,
-hjich,
imp
(for);
-HCb,
nrecb
(for);
[ribAlof, -v] pbiSojioB -a, -OB angler, fisher. [rtdat^] imperf pbiAJaTb -aK), aeuib sob. a -an, [rlzhiy] pbi>K|HH -e, -h -a, -ee, -He, sh f , red-haired, red. pbiji [ril], pb'ijia [rila] see
vouch
answer
pUTb.
pbijicfl
guarantee, promise.
warrant;
assure,
[rlls'â], pbijiacb [rt-
las^,
-z^\
see pbiibca.
409
pbiH|oK [rinsk, -g] -Ka, 2. -KOB 1. market(-place);
pioKsaK [rûgzak, -g]
-a,
market (opportunity of sell--OK c6biTa (commodi- wineglass. ing);

ty)
-OB rucksack, knapsack. pibM}Ka [rûmka] / -kh, -ok
market.
[rit^]
pji6HH|a
pwTb
poeiiib,
imperf
pbiJia,
etc).
poio,
Ir''i^b'in9]
/ -h,
-a (-y)
p
(fl
pbiJT,
imp
mountain ash. pHA [rât, -d]
pOH dig
hole^
pbiTbCfl
Jiacb,
[rtttja]
imperf p6-
K)Cb, poeuibCH,
imp
p pbiJicH, pbipoHCH, poHTecb
dig {in smth); rummage, ransack.

pbixjijbiH
(with Aea, TpH, qeibipe pHAa), pi -hi, -OB 1. row, line; 2. theat row; 3. number (of), handful (of), series (of); 4. mil file; line, row; 5.: b âx... in the ranks (of)...;
[rIkhUy]
-bi
^,
-a,
-o,
1.
a sh f friable;
loose (earth);
2.
flabby.
-h, -en fig chival-
pbmap|b
1.
[rftsar^]
2.
hist knight;
H3 --a BOH BbIXOAÎU,HJ{ <> extraordinary, unusual, outstanding. psiAOBOH [rîdAvoy] I a 1. rank and file; 2. ordinary,
mil private, man. lever, key factor. [râdam] adv 1. pflAOM pbm|aTb [richât^] imperf side by side, beside; CHACTb ~ c KCM-ji. sit next to smb; -lAuih, p -aji growl, snarl. pbnHJbiH [r^'yaniy] a sh f AaBaft CHACM ^ let's sit to^, -a, -o, -bi zealous; invet- gether; 2. next (to), near; erate (smoker, etc). near by.
2.
rous person. pbmar [richâk, -g] -OB 1, technol lever;
common;
-a,
II
as a noun
-bix
pHAOBJoft
fig
-oro,
[s,
z],
CO
[so;
in
sa; first pretonic position in the second pretonic position . S9] prep I with gen
the
a model, pattern, source,
etc:
denoting 1. movement from somewhere: myM c yjiHUbi a noise from the street; npHH-
TH c co6paHHH cornie from a meeting; c6p6cHTb/co cxojia throw off the table; yflrH c nocTa leave one'sf post; 2.
the fact that smthj is used as
HHcaib nopxpet c kofo-ji. paint smb's picture; nepeseCTH c pyccKoro translate from Russian; 6paTb npHMep c koro-Ji. follow smb's example; 3. smth (time, an object, etc) marking th? beginning of an action, measurement, etc: oh padoTaei c BOCbMH qacoB he's been working since eight o'clock; c AByx ao ccmh from

two to seven; oh 6yAeT paCoiaTb TaM c-Man he'll work there beginning with May; OH HaqHCT pa66TaTb c Mapia
[c noHejiejibHHKa, c hhth nacob] he'll begin to work in March [on Monday, at five Haqaib c nero-Ji. o'clock];
410
66TaTb c KCM-Ji. work with smb; paarooapHBaTb c KeM-Ji. talk to / with smb; MaTb c otUOM mother and father; mm c to66h you and me; 2. possession or presence of smth: COJIAai C BHHTOBKOH a soldicT with a rifle; xjie6 c MacjiOM bread and butter; KHHra c
flo
begin with smth; c rojiOBbi Hor from head to foot; MHHyibi na MHHyiy 4.: c every /any minute (0/ a possible action); co ahh na ;;eHb any day, any time (of a possible action); 5. cause or reaco son: c ropH for grief; 3Ji6cTH out of spite; ycrarb c ;iop6rH be tired after a journey; 6. permission or conqbero-Ji. c noseojiesent:
KapTHHKaMH picturc-book;
3.
means, manner, or an accompanying action: BepHyxbCH c nocjieAHHM aBx66ycoM return
by the
last
bus;
c yjibi6Kofi
with a smile, smiling; c hhxepecoM with interest; 4. aim, purpose: o6paxHXbC5i c
np6cb6oH make
request; 5.
HHH with smb's permission;

c
Mbero-Ji.
smb's approval,
with with smb's consent; 7. the fact that smth is employed as a unit in cal- going on
o;io6peHH5i
simultaneousness: Bcxafeaxb c BOCxoAOM cojiHua get up with the sunrise; 6. state, condition: ^ô c xo66h? what's the matter with you?; c pa66xoH Bce B nopHflKe the work is
all
culation,
that
smb must pay gratulations,
right; 7. congreetings: noa/i-
smth: oHTHaAuaxb ueHTHepoe c reKTapa fifteen metric centners per hectare; c sac nnxb py6jieH you must pay five roubles; 8.; esHTb c 66k) take by storm; 9. : c mchh aoBojibHO I've had enough; I'm fed up; II with ace denoting approximateness: c neAejiio (for)
paoHXb c qeM-ji. congratulate on smth, c Hobhm toaom! a happy New Yearl; 8.: 3x0 npoHAex c roâMH [c Boapacxom] this will pass with the
years [age].
c-b... CO..., c..., pref of verbs denoting 1. converging movement; connexion, joining c6eraxbCfi point: one at [z^bî^gattjs] come running, gather {running); cbeajKaxbCH
about a week; KHJiOMerp it kilometre from

c
Tyâ Cyaex is about a

here;
eejiH-
qHHOH
house;
c c
AOM the size of a eac pocTOM about
er,
[s^yi^zh*':atts3] come togethgather (by vehicle); CKpen-
your height;
III with instr denoting \. association or joint action: pa-
jiHXb [skrî^plât^j fasten (together); pin (together); crpe-
6axb[zgrî^bat^] rake together, rake up; 2. movement from
411
caM
caAOBHHK
[sAdovnîk,
-g]
above: cnphirnyxb [sprlgnut^]
jump off, jump down; 3. removal from a surface, pi ace

etc:
-a,
-OB gardener.
caAOBOACXBlo [sadAVotstva] c6pHTb [zbrît^j shave n -a horticulture, gardening. [skAs^'it^] mow off; CKOcHTb cajKla [sazh9] / -h soot, [sastrA- smoke-black, cocTporaxb smut; b down; ~-e pine off / away; 4. the sooty. gat**] cêJiaTb aspect: cajKJaTb [sAzhat^] imperf perfective -aio, -aeiub, nocaAlMXb [p9SA[z^dêbt''] perf of aejiaxb.
ca6|ji5i
[sabl^9] /
see
-jih,
-ejib
sabre.
dît^] AHUJb,
perf
nocaHcy,
noca1.
carHTHpOBaTb
arHTHpo-
Baxb 2. caA [sat, -d] m -a, pi -b'l, -OB garden (with trees and -' the flowers); ropoACKofi
gardens. caAJHTbCfl [sAdîttja] imperf caHcycb, -HoibCH, p -hjiCH, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb, cecTb [sês^t^] perf cAjxy, CHAeuib, p ceji, cejia, imp
seat, offer a seat; 2. embark, entrain; 3. set (to work, write, etc); ^kih Koro-Ji. sa KHHry make smb get down to his books; 4.: ~aTb b xiopbMy put into prison; ~axb noA
-HJi,
imp
-H
apecx
rest;
arrest,
put
under
ar-
nxHuy b KJiexKy cage a bird; ~axb co6aKy na uenb chain a dog; 5.: ~axb xjie6 B neqb put the bread
into the oven;
6.
axb
CHAb 1. sit down; sit up (from a reclining position); '^HXbCH 3a cxoji sit down to
a table; ~HXbC5i oSeâxb sit down to dinner; 2. take, board (a ship, plane, etc); get (in, into a car,
table;
sit
plant (flowsee
ers,
trees, etc).
down
at
caHcycb [sAzhus^, -z^] CaAHXhC5I.

cajiax
1.
[sAlat,
[sal9]
-d]
2.
-a,
-ob
bot lettuce;
caji|o
etc);
salad.
-a fat (of lard.
etc);
'-'HXbC5i
Ha
jiomaAb
hog,
grease,
3. get down books, work, etc); 4. alight (of birds, insects); '-HXbCJi Ha Hacecx go to 5. land (of a plane); roost; 6. set moon); (of the sun, 7. fall (of the fog, mist); set-
mount
a horse;
(to one's
cajiOH [sAlon] salon; saloon (in

etc).
m
a
-a,
-ob hotel,
[sAlfêtk9] caji4)eTlKa / -KH, -OK (table-)napkin, serviette. [sAlût, -d] cajiiOT -a,
tle
(of dust);
8.
settle,
9.
sink
(of
buildings);
contract,
-OB salute (of guns, etc); npoH3Becx^ '-' ABaAUaxbib apxHJi-
shrink {of cloth); ^ cecTb B Kajiouiy col get into a mess, disgrace oneself; cecTb KOMy-ji. Ha uieio col
jiepHHCKHMH aajinaMH fire salute of twenty salvoes.
caM [sam] prondefm
-oro,
sponge on smb.
-OMy, -oro, -HM, (o) -6m, caMa /, caMO n, caMH pi denot
caM
412
a
-o,
ing the fact that a person is the direct source or object of an action; also used emphatically: H
it
vol^niy]
jien,
-a,
sh
-bi
f caMOAOBoself-satisfied,
complacent, smug.
caMOKpMTHK|a [samAkrîmyself; Tbi -' BHJieji ee? tîka] / -H self-criticizm. caMOjiex [samAlôt, -d] m did you see tier yourself?; oh CAeJiaJi 3T0 he did it him- -a, -OB aircraft, plane; -om CAeJiaJia sto by air. OHa -^-a self, caM0JiK)6HBlbiH [samaPub'îshe did it herself; mbi h 3T0 we saw it our- viy] a s7i / ~, -a, -o -bi BHAeJiH selves; Bbl ~H MHiaJlH 3T0? proud, ambitious; touchy. did you read it yourself?; did caMOJiibSHie [samAlûb^'iya] you read it yourselves?; ohh n -H self-respect, pride; Ji6H Bce noHHJiH they under- Hoe e false pride; 6ojie3stood everything themselves; iieHHoe ~-e morbid pride; Mbe-Ji. ~-e H BHAGJi ero ~or6 I saw him maAHTb spare personally; oh ^ BHHOsaT smb's vanity. it's his own fault; caMOMHeHHJe [samAmn'ê~ He CBOH he is not n'îya] n -h (self-)conceit, 0> OH himself, ~6 coSofi pasyMeer- presumption; cxpaAaib ~eM csi it goes without saying. be conceited. caMOHaAeJiHH|biH [samanAcaMJa [sAma] pron f -oh, -oe -OH, -OH, (o) -oh d^'eyahiy] a sh f caMonaAe(-y), see caM. HH, -a, -o, -bi self-sufficient, caM|eu [sAmêtj, -dz] m presumptuous, presuming. -ua, -HOB male (of animals); caMoo6jiaAaHMleIsamAAblAcock (of birds); buck {of deer, dan^'iya] n -h self-control,
MHxaji 3TO
I
read
etc);
dog (of foxes, etc). csiM\u [sam^'i] pron pi -hx, -HM, -HX, -HMH, (O) -HX See
self-possession; composure.
caMoo6pa30BaHH|e
[samA-
caM.
caivilKa [samka] / -kh, -ok female (of animals); hen (of birds); cow (of elephants, etc); doe (of deer, etc). caM|6 [sAmo] pron n -oro, -OMy. -oro, -i5m, (o) -6m see
AbrazAvan'îya] n -h self-education.
Apsluzhtvan'îya]
-service;
caM0o6cjiy}KHBaHH|e [samAn -Ji self-
MarasHH
-h
-h
self-
-service shop.
Apr^'id'î^l'ên'îya]
caMOonpeAejieHHle n
[samApot
caM. caMOfleHTejibHocTib
self-determination.
[samA/
-h
caMOOTBepweHHlbiH
Atv^'erzhaniy]
d''ey9thl''n9s''t'', -z'^d'']
a
-o,
sh
[samAcaMO-
amateur talent activities, amateur performances; seqep ~H amateur concert. [S8m9dACaMOAOBOJIbHJblH
OTBep>KeH,
rificing,
-a,
-u self-sac-cj]
selfless.
caMOpOAJOK [samArodak,
-Ka, -KOB
1.
native/ virgin

metal;
413
can
~ok
2.
aojioxa
a
nugget
di-
(of gold);
fig a person of
natural
gifts,
rough
the same; tot hh yejicseK the very person, the same person; Ta an KHHra the very
amond.
caMOCTOflxejibHO [samastAyaf'iPna] adv independently;
without assistance; on one's own. caMOCTOHTejibH|biM [samastAyatîl^niy] a sh f caMOCTOHxejieH, -a, -o, -hi independent, self-dependent, self-sufficient; ~biH qejioBCK 1) independent person; 2) a man of independent views; oe Hccjie;tOBaHHe independent research; original research.
stva]
book; Ta me an KHHra, hto y Te6H the same book as you have; sto tot ~biH wejioeeK, KOTopbiH HaM HyjKeH he is the very man we want; sto >Ke ~-oe e / na the same; TOM }Ke OM MecTe in the same place; b to me oe
BpeMH, KOFAa... just when...;

2.
the
very
-~oM ueHTpe
{essence, in the
etc);
very
caMoy6HHCTBlo [samaubîyn -a, suicide; kohHHTb HCH3Hb OM Commit

[samacaMo-
naqajie at the very beginning; b ~6m npouecce pa66Tbi in the process of the work itself; c oro yTpa from / since early morning; jio 'OroBeêpa till late in the evening; until night; ao
centre; b
~om
suicide.
caMoyBepeHH|biH uvêr^miy] a sh
yeepeH,
-sure.
-a,
-o,
-bi
self-con-
fident, self-opinionated, cock-
~0H CTaHUHH right up to the station; okojio oroÔMa just next to the house; ao ~oro AOMa all the way home; 3.
caMoynpaBjieHH|e [samauprAvlênîya] n -h self-govMecTHoro ernment; opraHbi ~H institutions of local government. caMoyHHTejilb [samauchîtîl^]
tor,
used to form super I: ~biH KpacHBbiH the most beautiful; biH jiyquiHii the best; -^hh CTapbiH the oldest;
<> B
\
\
)
-'DM
flcjie
ACJie actually; matter of fact.

-H,
~0M
indeed; as
na
a
-H,
manual
-CH self-instrucof self-education.
s^t^vîya]
caMOHyBCTBH|e [samAchûn -h: KaK same - e? how do you feel?; y He-
canaTopHlH [sanAtor^'iy] m 'CB sanatorium; nyTCBKa sanatorium voucher. B ~M

'
caHJH [sanî] p/ sleigh; exaTb na

in a sledge.
hx
-eft
sledge,
drive
ro xopomee [njioxoe] e he feels well [bad]; ~e 6ojibHoro yjiymuHJiocb [yxyAuiHjiocb] the patient feels better [worse]. caM|biH [samty] pron def 1. (with 4em pron) the very,
caHHiap
[san^'itar]
-a,
-OB hospital attendant; mil stretchermedical orderly; -bearer.
caHHTapHbiH [sanîtarnty] a sanitary, medical; --< no-
can
e3A hospital-train;
jiei
ambulance plane.
414
^
2.
caMo-
run downstairs;
escape.
run away,
c6\iih\
cSefi-
sled;
cehIkh [sank^'i] pi -ok col KaxaTbCH na ^Kax go
c6eM [z^'bêy] imp of

see c6HBaTb.
cSeiicji
sledding.
[z^bêys^'a],
caHTHMCTp
[s9n'*t*'imêtr]
-a,
-OB
1.
centimetre;
-a,
2.
xecb [z^'bêyt^'is'', -z^J imp of c6HTbCH; see cSHBaibCH.

c6eperaTejibH|biM [z^'b^'irîgatîl^niy] a: an Kacca savings-bank; ~aH KHH>KKa savings-bank book. c6eper|aTb [z^b%î^gat'']
tape-measure.
canep [sApôr] m mil field engineer,

pioneer.
-ob sapper,
canor|M [s9pAg*i] p/ canor, -aM {sing canor m -a) (high) imperf -aio, -aeiub, ceepeJHb boots, Russian boots; [z^bî^rêch^'Jp^r/ -ry,->Kemb, imp -rjia, <> noA ~6m under the heel. -ryx, p c6eper, canowHHK [sApozhnîk, -g] -PH 1. save, preserve; 2. save m -a, -OB shoemaker, boot- (up), lay by, put by. c6epe(eHH|e [z^'b^'irî^zhemaker; cobbler. capaJH [sAray] m -h, -eB n^'iya] n -h, pi -ji, -ft 1. saving h up, preservation; economy {of shed, barn {also fig); strength, etc); 2. pi savings, AJiH ceHa hayloft. capaHnja [sarAn^'châ] / -h economies. c6HB|aTb [z^'b^'iyat^] imzool locust. [sarAfan] m -a, perf capa(|)aH -aio, -aeuib, c6HTb co6bK), co-OB sarafan {a woman's gar- [z^bît^] perf 6beiiib, p c6hji, imp c6eH 1. ment). capAHH|a [sArdîna] / -bi, bring down {with a blow, ~ sardine. shot); axb hop knock c
caTHH
teen.
ire;
[sAtîn]
-a
sa-
smb
down,
strike
to
the
catHpla [sAtîra] / lampoon. caxap [sakhar] m

{a
-bi
sat(-y)
ground; ~aTbH6.noKH CAepeBa shake off apples from the tree; c6HTb caMOjiex shoot
-a
down
a plane;
2.
confuse, get
sugar
substance); TpocTcane-sugar; CBeKHHKOBbiH jioBHqHbiH ~- beet-sugar; Kyclump sugar. KOBOH
smbc-onfused, put out; cCnxb ^ CO CMCxa get smb confused while he is counting; c6HXb ~ c xaKxa put out of time; 3. cSerlaxb [z^b^'i^gat^] im- knock together {a box, boards, perf -aio, -aeuib, c6e%laTb etc); 4. churn {butter); whip [z^'bî^zhat^] c6ery, {cream); perf -Hiiib, c6eryT, p -^ji, imp <> - axb u,6Hy beat down the c6erH 1. run down {from price; --axb c xojiKy confuse, above); âib c ropbi run down get smb confused; c6Hxb a hill; --aib c JiecTHHUbi cnecb c Kor6-;i. take smb
415
down a peg (or two); cShtb c nyTH lead astray. c6MB|aTbC5i [z^bîvattsa] -aiocb, -aeiubCH, imperf cSHTbCM [z^bîttsD] perf co6bibcb, co6beiiibCH, pc6hjic5I, c6HJiacb, imp c6eHCH, cSefiTecb 1 be / go awry, be all on one side; 2.: c6HTbCH c jyo.
cea
tea-picking;
--' CBeinformatakings,
-^
qaH
AeHHH gathering of
2. tion; receipts, collection; noJiHbift
theat
full house;
Aejiaxb
xopouiHe
~-bi theat get good box-office returns; 3. tax, duty, dues;
poFH / c nyxH lose one's way, go astray {also fig)\ 3. get confused, lose one's train of thought; 4.: c6HTbCH b Ky^y bunch, huddle together; <^ c6HTbC5i c Hor col be run
off
xaMOJKeHHbiH -' custom-house stampduty; rep6oBbiH -duty; 4. gathering, assembly, meeting; - b xpH qaca we meet at three; 5. pi preparations; <> Bce B --e all are here. c66pHHK [zbornîk, -g] -a, -OB collection {of stories,
articles, etc),
one's
legs;
cSiiTbCJi
HorH fall out of step. c6HTb see cdHBaxb. c6HTbCH see cSHeaxbCH.
c6jiH)K|aTb [zbPizhat''] imperf -aK), -aeiiib, c6jiH3|HTb [zbPizît^] c6jiHcy, perf
-Huib,
[zbrasivat^] c6pacbiB|axb imperf -aio, -aeuib, cSpoclHib

[zbrosît^]
-Hiiib,
perf
-HJI,
imp
-h 1.
c6p6my, throw
-HJi,
imp
-h
draw
bring together. cSjiHMJaTbCH [zbPizhattja]
down, Ihrow off, drop; 2. fig throw off {the yoke, etc); 3. col throw off {one's clothes, etc)\
kick off {one's boots, etc); axb CO cht6b leave out of one's reckoning.
imperf
-aiocb,
-aeuitCH, c6jih-
slHTbCfl [zbl^fzît'tsa] perf c6jlHHCyCb, -HUlbCH, p -HJICH,

-Hjiacb,
c6yflexcfl[zbudîttj9]
CH,
5d per-
draw
-biecb 1. -bCH together, come nearer,

,
imp
son of c6bixbCH; see c6biBaxbc6biB|axbCJi [zbtvattja] im[zb(perf -aexcH, c6M|TbC5i

ttja]
approach;
friends.
2.
become
good
c6jiH3HTb see cSjiHHcaxb.

c6.iH3MXbCJi CH.
see c6jiH)Kaxb-
per/ cSyêxcH,
p
-a
-jich,
-jiacb
come
true, be-^realized,
c6biT [zbit, -d]

sale,
econ
cSoKy [zboku] adv at the/ one side; on one side; from one side; bha ~ side-view; Bcxaxb ~ stand at the side; cxoHXb ~ stand (a little) to one side; 060HXH ~ pass round. c6op [zbor] m -a, pi -w,
-OB
of):
1.
market;
a ready
<>
HaxoAMTb
mand
ce6e commarket, sell
well. c6biTbC5i see cdwBaxbCH.
collection {the process
ypOHcaH
harvesting;
CBaAb6|a [svad^ba] / -bi, CBaAe6, -aM wedding; wedding party; cnpasjinxb -y celebrate a wedding;
CBa
<> AO
416 -^
~bl
SajKHBCT
col
CBefi [s^vêy] see BHTb.
imp
of CBHib;
-bi
never mind. CBajiHB|aTb
[svaPivat*']
imperf
mangel(-wurzel). cBeK|op [s^v^'okar] m -pa, bring pi -pu, -poB father-in-law fell; 2. fig: 6ojie3Hb CBajiHJia {husband's father). ero the illness confined him [s^vî^krof'', CBCKpoBlb to bed; 3. dump {unload); heap -v^] / -H, -efl mother-in-law up, pile up; 4. fig blame {husband's mother). {stub), lay the blame {on smb). CBeprjajb [s'^v'î^rgat''] imcBajiHB|aTbCJi [sval'îvattja] perf -aio, -aemb, cBeprHiyib imperf -aKDCb, -aembCH, cea- [s^vêrgnut^] perf -y, -emb, ji|HTbcsi [svAlîttja] perf p CBepr (-yji), cBeprJia, imp -K)Cb, CBaJlHmbCH, p -HJICH, -H overthrow {a government -lijiacb, imp -HCb, -HTecb 1. etc); cBeprHyxb c npecrojia dethrone. fall {from above); fall down, CBep)KeHH|e tumble down, collapse; 2. [s^'vî^rzhe{of fig col fall ill {and be laid n^'iya] n -h overthrow a government, etc). up); KaK CHer Ha CBepKJaTb [s'^v^'i'^rkat^] im<> CBajiHTbCM rojiOBy col come like a perf -aio, -aemb, cBepKHlyrb bolt from the blue. [s^v'î^rknut^] perf -y, -emb, 1. CBajiMTb see CBajiHBaxb & p -yji, imp -H sparkle, glitter; twinkle, 2. BaJlHTb I. flash ceajiHTbcsi see CBajiHsaTbCH. {of light, the eyes, etc); CBepKHyjia MOJiHHH there was a ceapHTb see oapHTb. flash of lightning. CBapKTbCfl see BapHTbCH.
-aemb, cBaji|HTb [svAl'ît^] perf -ib, ceajiHiiib,

-aio,
beet,
cBCKjija [s^vôkb] / beetroot; KopMOBan
~a
p -HJi, imp down / over;
-H
1.
knock down,
[s^'v^'ed'^mîys] CBefleHH'ie -H, p/-5i, -H 1. p/ information, intelligence; no ne-
CBepjiJHTb
imperf
-H
1.
-ib,
[s^vî^rlît''] -uuih, p -hji, imp

drill,
~hm
technol
bore;
2.
qaTH according to the press; no MOHM HM to my knowledge; 2.: npHHHMaib k ~io take into consideration / account.
[s^v^'ezhty] a -an, sh f ^, -a, -6, -h (-H) 1. fresh {1) products, etc; 2) face, voice, etc); co ~hmh CHJiaMH with renewed strength/ vigour; 2. \aiesi {information,
-ee,
prey haunt.
fig
on
one's
mind;
CBcpjilo [s^vî^rlo] rt -a, p/ cBepjia, cBepji, cBepjiaM auger, borer, drill, perforator.
CBewlHH
-He,
CBCpHyTb
CBepHyxbcji BaXbCH,
see
see
CBepxbiBaTb. CBepxbi-
CBepCTHHK
-g]
[s^'vêrs'^n^'ik,
-a,
-ob
etc).
same age); mm are of the same age.
coeval {of the c hhm '-h we

cBepTJOK [s^v'ortak,
-g]
417
CBC
-Ka, -KOB package, parcel.
cBepTMBlaTb [s^vôrtivat^]
-aeiiib. cBCpimperf -aio, H|yTb [s^'v^'i^rnut^] perf -y,
CBepxypoHHbiH [s^vîrkhuroch^niy] a I overtime {work); II as a noun CBepxypoqH bie pi -bix overtime monI
-euib,
-yji,
imp
a
-h
etc);
1.
roll
ey.
up
2.
{the
carpet,
roll
{to
axb
CBcpxi
ecxecTBeHHbifi
nanHpocy
fig
3.
cigarette;
curtail
{production,
the
right,
[s^vêrkhyi^s^tês^t'v^'mniy] a supernatural.
CBecTH see csoAHTb I. CBecTHCb see csoAHTbCH. CBCT I [s^vêt, -d] m -a off the road; leave a road; CBepHyxb uieK) KOMy-Ji. (-y) light (/; phys; 2) oppo<> col wring smb's neck; cBep- site of darkness; 3) a lamp, Hyxb rojiOBy col etc); npH ~e... by the light KOMy-ji. screw smb's head off. (0/)...;
etc);
turn
etc);
CBepHyib c AoporH turn
CBepTbiB|aTbC5i
vattja]
[s^vôrti-aeiiib-
imperf -aiocb,
<> B ~e... in the light {of)...; b bwnpeflCxaBjiflTb htg-ji.
CH,
ttsa]
CBepH|yTbC5i -ycb, perf

-yjiacb,
fs^vî^rnu-eiubCH,
-yjicH,
imp
rojiHOM ~e show smth to p advantage; nyxb ~ at dayHH sapfl very -HCb, break^ HH ~
early (in the morning).
-Hxecb 1. curl up, roll up, coil up; 2. curdle, turn {of milk, cream); coagulate {of
blood).
CBex
1.
II
[s^vêt, -d]
-a
cBepx [s^vêrkh, -gh] prep with gen 1. besides, in addition to; 2. denoting the exceeding of a rate, quota, limit, etc. paSoxaTb chji work beyond one's strength;.
'-' njiana in excess of the plan; nporpaMMbi in addition to the programme; 3.: -- ojKHAaHHH beyond expectation. CBepxy [s^'vêrkhu] adv 1.
world, universe; cxpaHbi ~a the cardinal points; 2. world, society; BceMy ~y h3eecTHO, qxo... it is common
knowledge
0-
that...;
Ha hcm cxohx swear like a bargee. from above; Biopan cxpoKa CBexlaxb [s^vî^tat'J imthe second line from the perf -aex impers dawn; ~aeT
raxbcfl
nosiBjinxbcn na be born; BbmycKaxb b ^^ publish, issue {books, etc); release xox the other {films); world; hhhxo na ~e no power on earth; hh sa hxo Ha e not for the world; py-
-~ BHH3 downwards; it is dawn2. day is breaking, from higher quarters; ing. to <> ^ AOHMsy from top CBexJHxb [s^vî^tît^] imCBexHUib, bottom; CMOTperb Ha Koro-ji. perf cseqy, p --^ BHH3 look down on smb. -HJi, imp -H 1. shine {of the
top;
CBC
sun, etc); burn 2. give etc);
flash a
light
(of a
some
(to
418
lamp,
light,
enable
person to see). [s^vî^tîttja] cBexiHTbcji imperf cBexHUibCH, p -hjich, -HJiacb shine {of stars, etc); B AOMax cseTHTCH orHH there are lights in the windows. ceexjio [s^vî^tlo] impers predic it is light; na ^Bope coBceM ~ it is broad daylight.
cBHflexejibcxB|o [s^vîdêtîPstva] n -a, 1. evidence, indication, proof; illustration; HpKoe ~o graphic proof; 2. certificate {of marriage, etc); ~o o pojKAeHHH birth-certificate.
CBMAexejibcxB|oBaxb [s^vîdêtîPstyvat^j imperf -yio,

-yeiiib,
-oBaji,
imp
-yft
testify {to);
yioiuHH
of smth.
witness {show); qcM-ji. indicative

[s'^vîn'êtj,
a cBCTJilbiH [s^vêtUyl 1. sh f CBexeji, -a -o, -bi light-collight {not dark); oured; ~bie KpacKH light colours; 2. fig bright, radiant;
3.
fig'-
CBHHJeu
-dz]
^-bm yM
~aH
rojio-
~aH JiHqBa bright mind; Hocxb pure soul; bright person;

0>
-ua lead {a metal). CBHHMHla [s^vînîna] / -bi pork. CBHHJOH [s^vînoy] a: ~6e MHco pork; ~6e cajio lard; an Koxjiexa pork chop; aH K6>Ka pigskin. cbhhcxb|o [s^vînstva] n
-a
OH
naMJixH
in fond
mem-
col
swinishness;
swinish
ory. [s^vîtAfor] CBexo{l)6p traffic-lights; signal -a, -OB

lights.
trick.
CBHHUOBlbiH [s^'v^'intjoviy] a lead; leaden {also fig); ~aH
Is^vî*^châ] / -h, cBeHJa -aM 1. pi cee^H, -eft {'^), candle; 2. electr candle(-powJiaMno^Ka b xpHAUaxb er); thirty candleeft bulb of -power; 3. med suppository. cBeuuaxb see Beiiiaxb II. [s^vîdanîya] CBHAaHH|e n -H, -H meeting, appointment, date; Hasnaqaxb --e make an appointment; good-bêi; ~fl! <> AG ao
npHMo^Ka Goulard water. CBHHb|q Is^vîn'^ya] / -h, pi CBHHbH, CBHHeft, CBHHbHM

pig, swine; hog; sow; ^-K) KOMy-JI. <> nOflJlOKHXb play a^ dirty trick on col smb, queer smb's pitch.
CBHpen|biH [s^vîrêpiyl a -bi fierce, sh f -^, -a, -o, ferocious. -a CBMCT [s^vîst, -zd] whistle; singing {of birds);
whine
{of bullets).
CKOporo ~h!
CBHCxjexb [s^vîs^f'et^J ceHflexcji[b [s'^v^'idêt'îl^] imperf CBHmy, -Hiub, p -eji, m -H, -eft witness, eyewit- imp -H, CBHCxHJyxb [s^'v^'isness; Bbicxynaxb cm be a Inut*'] perf -y, -euib, p -yji, witness. imp -H whistle, give a whissee
you
soon!
tie;
419
-H,
CBO
CBejCTH [s^vî^^^tî]
sing
(of
birds);
whine imp
(0/
bullets);
cBHcxeib b cbh-
CTOK blow a whistle. CBHCTJOK [s^vîstok, -gj m -Ka, -KOB whistle (an instrument).
perf -Ay, -Aemb, p cseji, -jia, imp -m 1- take, conduct (smb down a hill, downstairs, 2. etc); remove, take out
(a stain, etc); ^.
bring /throw
CBHTb
see BHTb.
[svAboda] / -u, freedom, liberty; âcjiosa freedom of speech; oxnyCTHTb Ha --y set free; npeAOCTaBJIHTb KOMy-JI. nOJIHyK) y give smb a free hand; '(^ jieMOKpaTHHecKHe -bi dem-
CBoSoflja
together; 4. reduce (Vo), bring (to); CBecTH K myxKe turn into a joke; cBecra pasroBop Ha qxo-ji. lead the conversation
to
smth; 5.: y nero CBejio Hory he has a cramp in the

leg;
ocratic liberties; Ha large, free; 2) at 1) at

sure.
1.
leiI
<> 'HTb Ha Hex bring to naught; ~HTb cqexbi c kcm-ji.
get
cbo66aho [svAbodna] freely, easily, with
adv
iyBCTB0BaTb
ease; oh
ce6H
ease; feel at
roBopHX
no-(})paH-
square with smb; rjias He -'Mxb c Koro-Ji. not to take one's eyes off smb; xu Mcna B MorHjiy CBCAeuib you'll be the death of me. cBOAlHxb II [svAdît^] imperf CBOJKy, CBOAHiUb, p -hji, imp -H take, takeout (to the
uyacKH he has a perfect command of the French language;

2. II
loose (of clothes); theatre, etc). impers predic: b aBT66yce cBOAHXbCJi [svAdîttsa] im6biJio there were few peo- perf CBOAHTCH, CBecxiicb jgbybjegb^bj'gbj ple in the bus. pe/-/ cBCAexCH,
'
cBo66AH[biH [svAbodnty] a sh f CBodoAeH, -a, -o, -u. 1.

free (people, trade, etc); 2. free (not busy); vacant (seat,
etc);
etc);
p cBejiCH, cBCJiacb come
(to)y
(^0);
amount
Aejio
(to),
boil
down
spare (tinie, money, B '-bie MHnyTbi at odd

3.
CBOAHXCH k cjieAyiouieMy the matter comes to the following. cBOAlKa [svotka] / -kh, -ok
moments; 4. loose, loose-fitting (of clothes); <> HejiOBCK --0H npo4}eccHH professional man; --wii yjiap sport indirect free kick. -a, -ob cBOfl [svot, -d] 1. code (of laws, etc); 2. arch, vault; 3.: He6ecHbm fir-
summary, compendium,
port;
re-
onepaxHBHan ~Ka mil war communique; --'ka noroAbi weather report. CBo|e [svAyo] pron n -ero,
-eMy,
-e
(-ero),
-hm, (o) -cm

[svayi^f CBoeBpe-
see CBOH.
CBoeBpeMeHH|biH
mament.
CBOA|HTb I [svAdît^] perf cBOHcy, CBOAHUib, p
-hji,
I
vrêm^mty] a sh
im- MeneH,
-a, -o,
-u
timely,
well-timed.
CBO
420
sion; CMOTpeTfa
[svayiAbcBoeo6pa3HlbiH razniy] a sh f cBoeo6pa3eH,

-a,
Ha Koro-ji.
tive;
original, distinc-bi peculiar {person, etc). CBOH [svAi] pron pi -x, -m,
-o,
^
m
(O)
(-X),
-MH,
(o)
-X
see
CBOH. cbo|h
-ero,
[svoy]
-eMy,
-ft
pron
(-ero),
Al,
poss
-hm,
-CM,
1.
CBOH
/,
CBOe
CBGH
referring to the doer action: jiiofiHTb ~k) jKeuib, p -aji, imp cbh>kh 1, bind; cecTpy love one's sister; oh tie/ fasten together, jik)6ht ~er6 6paTa he loves ~aTb B yseji make a bundle; - hx 2. connect, link; stot Bonpdc his brother; ohh jiib6HT poACTBeHHHKOB they love their xecHO cBHsan c j^pyrftM this is bound up with relatives; 2. one's own; y hhx problem H ManiHHa they have a car another; axo CBHsano c 6ojibhkhh- iiJHMH pacxoAaMH it will enof their own; y nero tail / involve great expense; ra he has his own book; -x 3. fig bind {by promise, etc); II as a noun cboh pi ~axb no pyKaM h HoraM one's people {relatives); *0* OH 3Aecb --H HejiGBCK he bind hand and foot. CBJi3|b [s^vâs'', -z^] / -H, is quite at home here; he is everybody's friend here; ero pi -H, -eft 1. tie, bond, connexion; npHqHHHaji b causal pojua. kind of, sort of; yMepexb îPi CMepTbK) die a relationship; 2. connexion, relation; xepnxb ---b c... lose natural death. [svoys^t^- touch with...; 3. pi connexcBOHCTBeHHlwfi vînniy] a sh f CBOHCTBen, ions; 4. liaison, love affair; -a, -o, -bi peculiar {to), char- 5. communication {by radio, etc); 6. technol tie, coupling; acteristic {of); <> MejioBCKy o 0UJH6aTbC5i 7. mil (inter)communication;
pi of
the
look down upon smb. cBflsaxb see cBHSbiBaxb & BHSaXb. CBfl3|Ka [s^vâsk8] / -kh, -OK 1. bunch {of keys); sheaf {of papers); 2. anat chord; rojiocoBbie ^-kh vocal chords. cBM3biB|aTb [s^v^'aztvat^] imperf -aK), -aeuib, CB5]3|aTb [s^Vî^zat^j per/ CBHHCy, CBH-
it
is
human
to err.
-a,
cbohctbIo [svoystva] n
signals; liaison; <> B ~H c 3XHM in this con-
characteristic, peculiarity;
nexion.
property {of a substance). 'cBo|fl [svAya] pron f -eft,

-eft,
cBJimeHHHK
n'îk,
[s^v^'i^sh^-.en''-a,
-g]
-ob priest,
-K),
-eft
(-eio),
(o)
-eft
see
CBOH.
a
CBbicoKa [svlsAka] adv in haughty / condescending
clergyman. cB5imeHH|biH [s*'vî^sh'':enniy] a sh f cbhuuch, -a, -o,

sacred {duty, etc). crM61axbCfl [zg^'ibattja] im-aeuibCH, co-aiocb, perf
-bi
manner; o6pamaTbCH c kcm-ji. '^ treat smb with condescen-
421
ae
6.:
rHlyxbCJi
[sAgnuttsa]
perf
/
an examination;
eft
;i,Ba
oh
c/na.^
-ycb, -eiiibCH,
-yjicn, -yjiacb,
imp -HCb, -Hxecb bend down; stoop, crouch. crHHTb see rHHXb.
V9tts9]
bow
py6jiH he gave her two roubles change. CAalBaxbCfl [zdAvattj9] imperf -KDCb, -eillbCJI, p -BajICH,
-eajiacb,
croBapHB|aTbCJi [zgAvarîimperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, [zg9VAr''ittj9] CrOBOpiHTbCJI

perf -ibcb,
-HJiacb,
-HiiibCH,
imp
-BaflcH, -Bafixecb,
cflajxbCJi
-IIIbCH,
[zdattsa] perf -mch, -CXCH, -AHMCH, -AH"
-hjich,
-Hiecb 1. arrange {to do smth); come to an arrangement / agreement;

-HCb,
2.: C
imp
HHM
JiePKO
CrOBOpHXbCH
easy to deal with. croBOpHHBlbiH {zgAvorchîviy] a sh f -a, -o, -bi compliant, tractable. crop|aTb [zgArat^] imoerf -aK), -aeiiib, crop|eTb [zgArêt^] perf -ib, -Huib, p -eji, imp -H 1. burn down /out; axb j\OTJ\k be burnt to ashes; 2. be consumed, be used up {of fuel); 3. fig burn {with
is
he
-AyxcH, p -jich, -jiacb, imp -HCH, -Hxecb surrender, yield, give in; ~BaxbCH Ha MHJiocTb no6eAHxejiH surrender at discretion. cjiaxb see câsaxb. cjiaxbcsi see cAaBaxbCH. CAaM|a [zdach^9] / -h 1.: ~a xjie6a rocyAapcxBy grain deliveries to the state; a BHaeM letting, hiring out; a B apeHAy lease; 2. mil surrender {of a town, village, etc); {money returned); 3. change
xecb,
-JiHCb,
<>
AaBaxb
~H
col
hit /kick
-g]
back.
shame, desire,
etc).
CABHr [z^d^vîk,
-a,
cropSHXbCfl see ropSHXbcn.
cropHHa
rashly;
[zgarî'^châ]
fit
adv
in a
of temper.
crymeHHlbiH [zgush^:6nniy] a [pa]\ ~oe mojioko condensed milk. CAa|Baxb [zdAvat^] imperf
-K),
displacement, shift -oB 1. {a change in position); 2. fig change (for the better), progimprovement; 3. geol ress,
displacement, fault. CAejiaxb see AeJiaxb.
CAejiaxbCfl see AeJiaxbCH.
-eiiib,
-Baji,
imp
-Baft,
c;ia|xb [zdat^] perf -m, -iiib, -cx,-AHM, -AHxe, -;^yx,p-Ji, -jia, c;tajio, câjiH, imp -ft 1. hand in {papers, documents, etc); return, turn in; Baxb ;tejia
turn over one's duties; 2.: - Baxb B apeHAy lease; 3. mil surrender {a town, village, etc); 4. deal {cards); 5.: eaxb sKsaMCH take an examination; c;;axb SKaaMen pass
cAejiJKa [z^dêlk9] / -kh, -OK transaction, deal, bargain;' 3 aKJiiOHHXb ~Ky make a bargain. [z^dêrzhaCAepjKaHHlbiH niy] a [pa] sh f cAepscan, -bi reserved, -a, -o, discreet; - biH oxBex restrained answer.
CAepjKaxb
Baxbcî.
CAepxcaxbCJi
see CAepjKHBaxb. see CAep^H-
CRQ
c;iep)KHB|aTb [z^d^'erzhtV9t^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, cflepJKJaTb [z^<^^'frzhki^\ per -y, CAepsiHuib, p -aji, /mp -h keep back, restrain, hold in check; aib CMex suppress laughter; <> cflepaTb cjioBO be as good as otie's word, keep one's
422
<> OHa xopouia coSoii she is pretty, she is good-looking;
ejviy
He no e he doesn't quite himself; npo â to oneself (not aloud). ceB fsêf, -v] -a (the period of) sowing.
feel
word. CAepJKHBlaTbCfl [z^dêrzhiV9ttj9] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, cAep>K|aTbCfi [z^dî^rzhatts9] -ycb, perf cêp-
H<HmbCH, p
-HCb,
-ajicH, -ajiacb,
imp
-HTecb control oneself, hold oneself in check.
cesep [sêvîr] -a north; K y ox... to the north of...; Ha ~e in the north; na ~ northward(s). ceBepH|b!H [sêvîrniy] a north, northern; caMbifl hh the northernmost; ~-oe cHHHHe northern lights. ceepibrla [sî^vrûgs] / -h,
~sevruga {a kind of sturceaHc [sîâns, -z] m -a, geon). -OB show, performance {at the cero [sî^vo] gen & ace of ~ oAHOBpeMeHHoii ceid, gen of cne; see ceft I. cinema); Hrpb'i simultaneous exhibition ceroAHfi [sî'^v6d''n''9] adv {in chess). today; ~' yxpoM this mornce6e [sî^bê] dat & pr of ing; BewepoM this evening;
ce6H.
tonight;
|
ceSecTOHMCCT b [sîb^ i^stoi-z^d^] -h econ / (prime) cost, cost price; npoAasaxb no h sell at par. ceSjfl [sî^bâ] pron reft gen & ace {no nam), dat -e, instr co66h (co66k)), pr {o) -e oneself {or another form in the corresp person); He yxspare oneself; pyjKflaxb OH He yxpy>KAaex 'h he spares himself; KaKyio aaâqy oHa ~e nocxasHJia? what task did she set herself?; h CKaaaji ~e, qxo... I told myself that...; B3HXb Ha oxmas^'t^,
<> He now; Ha
saBTpa any day

to date.
[sî^vod^cer6;iHsimHlHH nâshnîy] a today's; ~Hft AeHb today; na ~hh A^Hb at

present; to date.
ccAlexb
-eK),
[s'î^dêt^]
imperf
[p9-
-eeiiib,
nojcejieTb
/
sî^dêt^] perf go
{of hair).
ctj\.ti\6
turn grey
~H
[sî^dlo]
cejxjia,
ceêji,
n -a, pi ceAâM saddle.

f
ce^loH [s^'i^doy] a sh
-a,
-',
ceAo, -haired.
ceAbi
grey,
grey-
~h
BexcxeeHHOcxb assume responsibility; ona o6paxHJia na ~h BHHMaHHe she attracted our

[their, his, etc]
attention;
ccAbMloH [sî^d^moy] num ord seventh; eMy nomeji oh roA he is in his seventh year; eMy -'OH AecHXOK he is past sixty; s -om qacy after six.
423
ceM
cesoH
cefi
I
[sî^zon]
[sêy]
-a,
-ob
season (0/ the year).
pron dem
-OK co/=cejibAb, cejie3eH|Ka [sîPi^zônka] / -KH anat spleen. cejiHxp|a [sî^Pitra] / -u MCHH Up to now, till now; saltpetre, nitre. ceji|6 [sîÎo] n -a, pi ceAo CHX nop 1) up till /to now; hitherto; 2) up to this Jia, ceji (big) village; point; up to here. <> HH K ~y HH K ropofly col neither here nor there, out cefi II [sêy] gen of chh; of place. see ceft I. cefi III [s^'ey] see c^nxb. cejibAlb [sêPt^, -d^] / -h, cefiwac [sî^châs, -z] adv pi -H, -eft herring; KonqenaH now; this min- ~b red herring; kipper; 1. now, right ute; TOJibKO -' just now; <> KaK ~H B SoHKc ikc only now; 2. presently, soon; sardines, like herrin,qs in a OH npHACT he'll be here barrel. ce;ibCK!Hfi [sêl^skîy] soon. a -an, -oe, -He rural; ceKper [s^'i^krêt, -d] village (attr); âa MecxHccrfa coun-a, -OB secret; Aepscaxb wto-ji. B ~e keep smth secret; bu- try-side; betray a secret; ne <> ~oexo3flHCTBo agriculture. Aaxb CejIbCKOXOSflfi CTBCHHblH cocxaBJiHXb a be no secret, [s^'il^skakhAzâys^t^'v^mniy] be general knowledge; <> no ^y confidentially, se- a agricultural; farming (attr). cejibcoBer [sîl^sAvêt, -d] cretly; HH ;tjia Koro He -, -a, -oB (= cejibCKHft cobcx) HTO... it is no secret that..., it is common knowledge village Soviet (an organ of local government). that...
cero,
(cero), chm, ceMy, (0) ceM, CHM / ceft, CHe n cepi CHX this; Ha ro, CHH pa3 this time; ;tocer6Bpe-
ceji [sêl], cejia [sêla] p of cecxb; see ca^HXbCH. cejie^lKa [sî^l'ôtka] / -kh,
ceKpexapHar
-d]
[s'lkrîtar^'iat,
ceM [sôm] pr of
ceft
I.
-OB secretariat(e). ceKpexap|b [sîkrî^tar^] -H, -eft secretary. ceKpeTH|bifi [sî^-'kr^'etnty] a sh f ceKpexen, -a, -o, -bi secret, confidential. ceKT|a [sêkta] / -bi,
-a,
ceMa(|)6p [sîmAfor] -OB semaphore.
-a
ccMrja [sômga] / -h salmon.
sect.
ccKyHflja [s^'i^kunda] / -h, '- second {a time unity,
ceMeHH|ufi [sî*^mêyniy] 1. domestic, family (attr); -ôe nojioacenne family status; B ~-0H odcxaHOBKe in domestic surroundings; 2. fama
y wait a moment; <> (oflHy) CHK) just a moment.
~y
(man, etc). ceMe$cxB|o [s^'i^mêystvaj n -a, ~ family (also bioL).

ily (attr)
ceM
nam
ord
424
-oe,
skîy] a -an,
-He
Sene-
sâtiy]
seventieth; bie roAbi the seventies.
galese.
ceMHJierlKa [s^'im'îiêtka] / -KH, OK 1. seven-year school; 2. seven-year plan.
ccMHaAuaTufi [sî^mnattjatty]
ccHJo [sêna] n -a hay; CTor a hayrick, haystack; KOCHTfa ~o cut the grass for hay; CKJiaAbmaxb o e cTora cock hay.
nam
ord
-^
seventeenth;
yoj\
CMy nomeji
he
is
in
-a
ceHOKOc [s^mAkos, -z] m haymaking, haymowing.

ceHcau,H|5i
his seventeenth year.
[sî^nsatsiya]
ceMHafluaTJb
ttjat^, -dî
[sî^mna-
nam
card
-h,
-bio
seventeen.
[sî^mu] dat of cePi I. ccMlb [sêm^] num card -VL,

ceiviy
-bK) seven;
prov C6p6, [sêrp, -b] m -a, -os hanged for a Serb, Serbian. sheep as for a lamb; y ~h cep6cK|HH [s^'erpskîy] a HflHeK flHTfl 663 Fjiasy prov -an, -oe, -He Serbian. too many cooks spoil the cepeaHT [servant, -d] m -a, ~b pas oxMepb -OB sideboard. broth; cepBM3 [sî^rvîs, -z] m -a, look OflHH OTpeb prov before you leap. -ob: CTOJioBbiH ~ dinner-set;
<> ^bSefl as well
OAHH OTBCT
be
sensation {1) excitement; 2) smth sensational). c6HTa6pib [sî^n^f'abr^] m -H SeptemlDer. cepja [s^'era] / -bi 1. chem sulphur; 2. ear-wax.
-H,
-H
[sêm^'d^'isât, cdMbitecMT num card ceMH/tecHXH, ceMbioAecHTbK) seventy.

-d]
qaHHbiH
~-
tea-set.
ccMbcoT [s^'i^msot, -dj num card_ceMHc6T, ceMHCTaM, -, ceMbiocTaMH, (o) ceMHcxax seven hundred. ceMb|fl [sî^m^ya] / -h, pi ceMbH, ceMeft, ceMbHM family {mostly of people); <> B ê He 663 ypofla prov it is a small flock that has not a black sheep. ceM|fl [sêmâ] n -eHH, pi -em, -HH, -enaM bot seed {also
[sî^rdêch^cepfleHH|biH nty] a sh f cepAeên, -a, -o, -bi 1. heart {attr); anat cardiac; ^biH npnnaAOK heart atbiH tack; 2, cordial, sincere; qe.noBeK warm-hearted person; oKaaaTb ~biH npHeM accord a cordial welcome. cepflHT|biM [sî^rd^'itiy] a sh f -o, -bi -a, angry,
cross.
cepfliHTbCfl
[s^'i^rdîttja]
imperf cepjKycb, cepAHuibca, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb, imp -HCb,

-Hxecb be angry, be cross.
fig).
C6Heraji|eu
-4z] ese.
[s^mî^gai'ît^,
-bua, -bueB
Senegal-
ceHerajibCK|HA [s^'m^'i^gal^-
cepAJue [sêrtja] n -ua, pi -uaM heart (/) an -eu, organ; 2) fig soul); npHHcaTb K uy press to one's bosom;
-ua,
425
Bcero ~ua from the *0> OT bottom of one's heart; bccm ~u,eM with all one's heart; npHHHMarb hto-ji. 6jiH3ko k
CXCH
cecxpbi,
in; 2.
cecTp|a [sî^stra] / -h, pi cecxep, cecxpaM 1. sister; ABOibpoAHaH ~a coussick-nurse; trained nurse.
~uy
no
take to
pyKy Ha
CKpenfl
ue
--iê
nojioa quite candidly; ss reluctantly;

heart;
cecxb see ca^HibCJi. cex|Ka [sêtka] / -kh,

1.
-ok
net, netting,
one's
jiofi
cepjiuy) after heart; oxjierjio ox '^ u,a feel relieved; c rjias jio-
uy
(no
own
4.:
string-bag; 3. xapH4)Ha}i
mesh; 2. col grid (on a map);
~Ka
(tariff)
H3
.
scale.
~ua
BOH prov out
cexjb [sêt^, -d^] /

-H,
-eft
of sight, out of mind. cepe6p|6 [sîrî^bro]

silver coins)
(1)
1.
-h, pi net {also fig); pbi-
n -a a metal; 2) ware,
(sî^r'êbrâ-
6oji6BHaH
ccK)
fish-net; 2. netetc).
work {of railways,
cepe6p5iHlbiH
niy] a silver;
silverware; e
--bie
najiejiun
~oh
onpaee
silver-mounted. cepejiHHla [sîrîMîna] / -bi middle, midst. [sî^rzh^nt, -d] cepHcaHT -a, -OB mil sergeant.
[sêyu], ceeuib [sêyash, -zh] see cenxb. cefljiJKa [sêyalka] / -kh, -OK seeding-machine. ceji|xb [sêyat^] imperf
ceio,
ceeiiib,
-Ji,
imp
ceii,
cepH|5i
series;
[s^'erîya]
/ -h.
-h
KHHo4)H;ibM b n^CKOJibKHx 'HX serial film. cepn [sêrp, -b] -a, -6b reaping-hook; sickle, h MOJioT hammer and sickle;
[pAsêyat^] noicejixb perf sow {also fig). [zh:aPitta] cjKajiJHXbcsi perf -KDCb, -HIUbCH, P -HJICH, -HJiacb, imp -bCH, -bxecb take
pity, feel compassion. cxaxbifl [zh'.attyj a
[pa]
condensed, compressed. cwaxb I see cJKHMaxb.
<>
jiyHbi crescent.
c%axb
cjKer
II
see )Kaxb
II.
[sêrty] a sh f --, -a, -o, -bi 1. grey; 2. fig dull, monotonous; 3. fig col ignorant. cepbrja [sî^r^ga] / -h, pi -aM cepbFH, ceper, ear-
cepjbiH
[zh:ok,
see
-g]
of
CHcewb;
OKHxaxb.
-ring.
cepbesHlbiH
[sî^r^yozniy]
-a, -o,
-bi
a sh f cepbescH,
serious {interest, etc); grave (look, etc). ceccH|fl [sêsîya] / -h, -fi session, sitting; BbiesAHaH -h cy;ia assizes.
& cHcnraxb CHceHb see jKe^b 1. CHCHrjaxb [zh:igat^] imperf [zhiech^] -aK), -aeuib, cwenb coHCJKeuib, coHcry, perf p imp cojkfh coacrjia, cjKer, burn, burn down / out; âxb B KpeMaxopHH cremate.
imCHCHMJaxb [zhitmat**] -aeuib, -aK), CHcalxb perf coJKMy, co[zhiat''] perf
JKMeUIb,
-JI,
imp
COHCMll
426
squeeze; compress; axb 3y6bi âib- b clench one's teeth; oe-bHTHHx hug (smb). csaiiH [zzadî] 1 adv behind back, in the rear); (at the from behind; from the end;
II
one [sîye] pron nseec&k

I.
CMy
CHM
1.
[sîzhu]
see
cHAexb.
see cen
I.
[s^'ii]
pron pi
cMJiia
[s^'ib] f -hi, pi -bi, strength, force; Hafinpaib-
prep
with gen
denoting
position, location at the back

of smth behind. cHrapja [sîgara] / cigar.
-bi,
^
-bi,
cigarette. -a, -ob cHPHaji [sîgnal] signal (&j/ a gesture, mechaniB03Aymcal device, etc); HOH TpeBorH air-raid alarm. CHAeH'|be [s^'idên^ya] M-bH, -HH seat {a chair or of a
cHrapeTJa [s^'igArêta]
CH ~- gather strength; AeJiaxb qxo-ji. qepes ~y force oneself to do smth; ~a Ayxa [xapaxxcpa] fortitude; 2. technol, phys power, force; --a xhêcxH gravity; 3. law validity, strength; ocxaBaxbCH s
~e
force; 4.
remain valid; remain in pi mil force; strength;
chair). [sîdêt^] imperf CHiieTb CH:y, cHAHUib, p CHAeJi, imp CHAH 1. sit, be seated; ~- Ha b cxyjie sit on a chair;
KpecJie
sit
in ~-
an arm-chair;
the table;
Bbi^HTbCM H3 be ex<> hausted {said of people); H3o Bcex & BceiMH -âiviH with all one's might; b y because of, on account of, owing to; --y o6cxoHxejibcxB owing B to the force of circumstances; ox ~bi col at the utmost; He noA -y beyond one's power; outside one's competence; beyond endurance.
3a cTOJioM
sit at
cHJiofi [sîlay]
adv by
force.
noA^âB hofh ~ Ha Kopsit cross-legged; TOMKax squat; 2. be [experience a certain condition); be engaged (in); stay {somewhere for a long time); ~ 6e3 AeJia have nothing to do, be idle; 6e3 Aener be without mon3a KHHfOH read a book; ey; book; -^ AOMa sit over a stay at home; ^ b TiopbMe be in prison; HoqaMH sit
sit at table;
cHjioc [smiles, -z] silage.

cHjibH|bifl
CHJie.H (cHJien),
-a,
-a silo,
[sîPniy] a sh
-o, -bi
(-bi)
powerful; violent 1. strong, {storm, etc); 2. impressive, powerful {speech, play, etc); 3. good {at); well- versed {in). CHM [sîm] instr of ceft I.
CHMnaxHHHJbiH
[sîmpA-
up
nights; 3.
fit
{well,
etc,
tîch'^niy] a sh f cHMnaxHMen, at-a, -0, -bi nice, winning, tractive.
said of clothes).
CHA^HJHH
[sîd^'ach^'iy]
-aH, -ee, -He 1. sitting {posture, etc); He wecia seats;

2.
CHMnaxHlfl [sîmpaf'iya] f -H liking {for smb); sympathy {for smb); qyBCXBOBaxb

-H,
sedentary
{life,
etc).
~io K KOMy-ji. feel drawn to smb, have a liking for smb.

CHMyjiHp|oBaTb
perf
ravat^]
427
CKB
cKasycMJoe jskAzuyamaya] n -oro, -bix ling predicate. -yeuib, p -oBajT, cKaKJaTb [skAkat^] imperf CKaqy, cKaêmb, p -aji, imp ulate, sham, feign. cHM(|)OHHqecK|HH fs^'imfA- CKaqH I. skip, jump, hop; 2. nîcliîskîy] a -an, -oe, -He gallop (of a horse). cKaji|a symphonic; symphony (atir). [skAla] / -b'l, pi CHHHH [s^'inîy] a blue, CKajibi, ~- rock, cliff. darl< blue. CKaMeHK|a [skAm^'eyka] / CMHflK [sîn''al<, -g] m -a, -H, cKaMeeK CKaMbH.
&
[sîmuPiimperf -yio, /mp.-yH sim-
-OB
<>
bruise; black eye;
noA
rjiaaoM
~H
CHpeH
^0J^
|b
rjiaaaMH
eyes.
shad/ -h
li-
ows under the

lac;
[sîr^'en^]
lilac-bush.
[s'îrîyats, -dz]
CHpH|eu
-Hua, -Hues Syrian. cHpHHCK|HH [s^ irîysk^ iy] a -an, -oe, -He Syrian. cHpoTJa [sîrAta] m & f -hi, pi CHpoTbi, CHpoT orphan.
[skAm^'ya] / -h, pi -H (cKaMbH), cKaMefl, * -Am bench, seat; <> ~^fl nojicyflHMbix law the dock; CO uiKdjibHOH -^h since one's school-days. [skAndal] m -a, cKaHflaji -OB scandal, row; ycTpoHTb---raise a row; KaKoft --! what
a disgrace!
CKaMb|n
CHCTeM|a [sîs^têma] / -bi, system (of education, etc); BOHTH B y become the rule. cMCTeMaTHHecK|HH [s^'is^tî-
[skarlAtîna] scarlet fever. CKaxepTlb [skatîrt**, -d^] / -H, -eft table-cloth; good <> ~-bK) flopora col
/
-bi
cKapjiaTHH|a
med
riddance.
mAt''ich*'isk''iy]
a -an, -oe, -He systematic, methodical.
cHT|eu
[sît^'itj,
-dz]
cKaHKaMH [skAch^kamî] adv 1. by leaps and bounds; -ua 2. by fits and starts.
CKanlKH [skach^kî]
horse-race.
pi -eK
-g]
(-uy) cotton chintz.
print,
calico,
CHTyauH|H
-H,
-H
[sîtuatjiya] / situation (circum-gh]
CKaHJoK
-Ka, -KOB
[skAchôk,
jump, bound,
leap
stances). CHx [sîkh, chh; see cen I. CMfl [sîya]

ceft
I.
(also fig).
gen
f
of
see
pron
-eiub shine,
cHfl|Tb [sîyat^] imperf -lo, beam (also fig).
[skvazhina] / chink, slit; 6ypoBaH a bore hole, boring well; He4)THHaH -^-a oil-well; <> saMOMHasi a keyhole.
-bi,
cKBaxHH|a
cKBCp
[skv^'er]
-a,
-ob
cKaaaxb see roBopHXb 2. CKasiKa [skaska] / -kh, -ok tale, story; B0Jim66HaH --Ka
fairy-tale.
(small) public garden. CKBepHlwH [skvêrniy] a sh f CKBepCH, -\, -0, -u bad, nasty.
CKB
428
cKBOsHflK [skvAz^nâk, -g]

-OB draught {in a room, ~-e in a draught. etc); Ha CKB03b [skvos^, -z^] prep with ace denoting movement
-a,
down
one's
col
life;
CHiierb cjioidle.
a pyKH
ttsa]
be
CKJiaAbiBJaTbcsi
[skladiva-aeuibCJi,
imperf -aK)Cb,
cjio|HTbCfl [slAzhtttja] perf through smth through. -yCb, CJIO^HUIbCH, p -HJICH, -rijiacb, CKBOp|eu [skvArêtj, -dz] imp -HCb, -Hxecb 1. form, take shape; arise (of a -ua, -u6b starling (a bird). etc); CKCJier [skî^l^'et, -d] -a, situation, o6cTOHTejib-OB skeleton. CTBa cJiojKHJiHCb SjiaponpHHTCKHii|Ka [skîtka] / -kh, -ok Ho the circumstances are farebate, discount, abatement; vourable; y Hero cjiojKHJiocb Aejiaxb ~Ky 1) give a reduc- MHeHHe, MTo... he formed the tion; 2) fig make allowances; opinion that...; 2. col club, CO 'KOH at cut rates; co pool (money, etc). ~KOH B... at a discount of... -ob cKjioH [sklon] -a, -a, -d] slope (of a hill, etc); otjiophh CKjiaji I [sklat, -OB storehouse, warehouse; '-- gentle slope; mil dump, depot. <> Ha ---e jier in one's declin-a: ing years. cKJiafl II fsklat, -d] yMa mental make-up, cast CKJioHeHHJe [sklAnênîya] of mind. n -H, -H ling declension; CKjiaA|Ka [sklatka] / -kh, <> MarHHTHoe ~-e magnetic -OK 1. fold, crease, pleat; b declination. '-'Ky pleated; 2. wrinkle, furCKJIOHMTb see CKJIOHHTb I. row; 3. accident the CKji6HH0CT|b [sklonnas^t'*, (of ground). -z^d^] / -H, -eft inclination cKjiaiiHOH [skUdnoy] a fold- (to), disposition (to, for), ing, collapsible. bent (for); tendency (to); [sklat^chîna] K H3biKaM gift for languages; cKJiaAMHH|a feel / -bi: KynHTb [cêjiaTb] hto-ji. nHxarb --b m KOMy-ji. B ~y club together to buy kindly disposed towards smb. [doj smth. a CKji6HH|biH [sklonnty] [skladWat^] sh f CKJioHeH, -a, -o, -bi inCKjiaAbiBJaTb imperf -aK), -aeuib, cjiow:iHTb clined (to), disposed (to), li[slAzhit^] perf -y, CdHo^KHuib, able (to); OH CKJioHCH AyMaxb, p -HJi, imp -H 1. put togeth- qro... he is inclined to think er, heap, pile; --'aTb semn that... pack one's things; 2. math CKJioH|Tb I [sklAn''at'] imadd (up); 3. compose (songs, perf -HIO, -Heillb, CKJIOH|HTb poems, etc); 4. fold (up) (a [sklAnît^] perf -ib, -Hiiib, p
newspaper, etc); <> cjioK^Tb opymiit lay down arms; cjiojKHTb rojiosy lay
-H 1. incline, bend, fig persuade, try to win over (to one's side).
-HJI,
imp
2.
bow;
'
ckjiohIhtb
II
429
see
CKO
perf -arocb, -aeuibCH die/
[sklAHât^]
ttj9]
imperf -hk), -Jiemb, npoicKjio- pass away. CKonHpoeaTb HTb [praskUnât^] perf ling
decline.
Konnpo-b^]
/
BaTb.
coBceM êM corjiayHAy, mycb Ha 3to I'll sooner go away than agree to it; oh ~' imperf cKOJihmy, -Huib, p -hji, noxoHc Ha MaTb he's more imp -H, CK0jlb3H|yTb [skAl^z- like his mother; he rather nut^J perf -y, -euib, p -yji, resembles his mother; imp -H 1. slip, slide; glide <> -~ Bcero most likely. CKOpjiyn|a [skarlupa] / -bi, {on water, ice, etc); 2.: HXb BsrJiHAOM throw a cursory pi CKOpJiynbi, CKopjiyn, CKopJiynaM shell {of an egg, nut, glance; <> ~HTb no noBepxHOCTH be etc); oHHmaTb ot ^bi shell. CKopo [skors] I adv quicksuperficial. CKOJibSKJHH [skoPskîy] a ly, fast; -an, -oe, -He, sh f cKOJibSOK, II predic soon, shortly; -' -H 1, slippery (also BecHa spring will soon be -a, -o, fig); 2. fig: --an TeMa tick- here. CK6pocT|b [skoras^t^, -z^d^] lish matter. CKOJibSHyxb see cKOJib- / -H, -eft speed, rate; phys velocity; MaKCHMajibHan ^b 3HTb. cKOJibKJo [skol^ka] adv & top speed; ôsBOJieHHan --b pron inter & rel {pron: -hx) esAW speed-limit; naSHp^Tb how much; how many; b gain speed; nepefixH na 1. 2. as much as; as many as; ApyryK) --b change gear. '-' xoMeiub / yroAHO as much CKOpHHTbCH see KOp^HTbCH. [many, long, etc] as you cKdpjbiH [skoriy] a sh f
I
ck661kh [skopkî] pi -ok {sing CK66K|a / -h) brackets, KpyrJiwe -kh parentheses; round brackets, parentheses. cKOBopo;i|a [skavarAda] / CKOBOpOA, -bl, pi CKOBOpOAbI, -aM frying-pan. CKOBOpOA Ka [skavArotka] / -KH, -OK C0/=CKOBOpOAa. [skAPzît^] CKOJIb3|HTb
CK0p6|b [skorp^,
-h
sorrow, grief. CKopee [skArêya] I comp of CKopbiH & corresp adv; Kan
MOJKHO
ble; as
II
^ as soon as possiquickly as possible;

rather
sooner;
adv
like.
CKOMnpoMeTHpoeaTb
KOMRpOMeTHpOBaTb,
cKOH4)y3HTbCfl SHTbCH,
see
see
KOH(J)y-
speedy;
-bi 1. quick, fast, near, forthcoming; B, ~0M BpeMeHH before long, in a short time; aa noMomb 1) (emer-
~,
-a,
-o, 2.
CKOHueHTpHpoeaTb
UeHTpHpOBaXb.
CK0H4[aTbCfl
see koh-
gency)
first
aid;
2)
ambu-
[skAn^châ-
lance (car); na ~yio pyKy in haste; in an off-hand man-
CKO
ner; n,o
430
~oh
bctpchh! see you
1.
hide /conceal (oneself); oh
soon!
CKOCHTb 1 see kochth I. CKOCHTb II see KOCHTb II. CKOT [skot, -d] m -a cattle,
live-stock;
nJieMeHHOH
CKpbijiCH B xojine he was lost in the crowd; coJiHue CKpbijiocb 3a xyqaMH the sun was hidden behind the clouds;
pedigree cattle.
ckotoboactbIo [skatAvotstV9] n -a cattle-breeding, ani-
3Aecb qx6-xo ~aexcH there is smth behind that; 2. escape, steal away; CKpbixbCH nesa-
MexHO
slip
away.
mal husbandry. CKpHn [skr^'ip,
-b]
-a,
-OB squeak, creak; crunch {of the snow, etc). CKpHnan [skrîpach^, -j^] -a, -eft violinist
CKpHn|eTb [skrîp^'et^] imperf -jiK), -Huib, p -eji, imp -H squeak, creak; crunch {of the snow, etc); CKpHnexb ay6aMH grit one's teeth.
CKpbiTH|biH [skrftnty] a sh -a, -o, -bi ref CKpbixeH, served, reticent, secretive. CKpbiTb see cKpbiBaxb. cKpbiTbCJi see cKpbiBaxbCH. CKyAHlbiH [skudnty] a sh f -bi CKyACH, -a, -o, scanty, poor, meager; -~bie CBeAGHHH scant information. CKyK|a [skuka] / -h bore-
dom,
CKpHnJKa [skrîpka] / -kh, -OK violin, fiddle; Hrpaib na '-Ke play the violin. CKpOHTb see KpOHTb. CKpoMHibiH [skromniy] a s/z / CKpoMeH, -a, -o, -bi modest, unassuming; --bm o6e;t frugal dinner; no MoeMy -'OMy
MHeHHK) in
ion.
tedium; HaroHHXb --y Ha Koro-Ji. col bore smb; Ka-
Kan a! what
a bore!
m CKyjibnxop [skul^ptar] -a, -OB sculptor. CKyjibnxypla [skul^ptura] /

-bi,
--
sculpture.
my humble
[skrtvat'']
-aeiub,
opin-
CKpwBlaTb
perf
eiub,
-^K),
[skrtt^]
perf
-Ji,
imcKpbilrb cKpoio, CKpo-
imp CKpOH hide, conceal; hold back {informaaxb mo-Ji. ox tion, etc); Koro-Ji. keep smth from smb; He ^xb xoro, qxo... make no secret of the fact that... [skrivattsa] CKpbiBlaTbCfl -aeuibCH, -aiocb, imperf [skrtttsa] perf CKpbiJTbCfl CKp6l0Cb, CKpoeiUbCH, p -JICJI, -Jiacb, imp CKpoHCH, cKpoflxecb
p
a sh f stingy, niggardly, miserly; 2. fig chary {words, etc). CKyHJaxb [skuchât^] imperf -aio, -aeuib 1. be bored; 2.: ~axb o kom-ji. miss smb. CKyMHo [skushna] I adv boringly, tediously; it is dull/ 11 impers predic boring; eMy --- he is bored. CKyHHlbiH [skushnty] a sh 1. dull, f CKyqeH, -a, -o, -bi bored; 2. boring, tiresome; noqeMy xbi xaKofi ~biH? what makes you sad unhappy? cjia6|eTb [sUb^'et''] imperf-eio, -eeuib, 0:Cjia6eTb [asIa-
CKyn|6H
-a,
[skupoy]
1.
~,
-o,
-bi
431
cjie
bêt**]
perf
feeble.
weaken,
grow ce6H
weak
cjiadHTejibHJoe [sUbît^'iPn9y8] n -oro, -bix purgative, laxative. cjia6ocT|b [slabas^t^, -z^d^]

/
-H,
-eft
ness,
debility;
feel
Hyry h in a weak moment; 2. weak point / side {of a book, etc); 3. weakness {for).
cjiaSjbiH
~b
weakness, feebleqyBCTBosaTb poorly /weak; b mh1.
OTBeiCTBeHHOCTjj lay the responsibility. cjiaAKlHH [slatkîy] I a -aji, -oe, -He, sh f cjiaÔK, -a, -o, -H 1. sweet {also fig); cnaxb HM CHOM be fast asleep; 2. fig honeyed {praises, etc); as a noun cjiaAKJoe II n -oro dessert.
down
all
cjiaiu,e
fslash^:i]
comp
of
cjiaAKHH
cjieBa
&
corresp adv.
[slabiy]
-bi
1.
sh
~,
ble;
-a, 2.
-o,
weak,
f fee-
the
left;
left {of);
[s^Peva] adv from on / at the. left; to the HanpaBO from left
slack, loose; 3. weak, thin {tea, etc); 4. poor {speaker, student, etc); ~aH otroBopna lame excuse; <> -~oe MecTo weak point; HaxoflHTb ~oe MecTO find the joint in the armour. cjiaeja [slava] / -bi 1. glo-
to right.
cjierKa
1.
[s^Pi^khka]
in
adv
somewhat,
gently,
cjicfl
some
-dj
2.
lightly,
degree; slightly.
-a (-y),
[s^'Pet,
ry, fame;
fame;
tation;
2.
name;
--y fall
AocTHrnyTb ~bi win fame, name, repu~a good remains; A66paji npnoSpecTH AypHyio <> c6HBaxb
pi -bi, -OB 1. track, footprint; nanacTb na find the tracks; scent the trail; 2. sign, vestige; trace, ne ocxajiocb H a not a trace
-y,
dat
CO
cjieflJHxb [s^Pi^dît^] imperf cjie^y, -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. watch, keep under observation; BHHMaxeJIbHO ~HXb watch closely; ~HXb HcnoAm xHiiiKa 3a KeM-Ji. spy on smb, shadow smb; 2. follow {astorg, thread smb's the of thoughts, etc); ~ lixb sa hojihXHKOH keep up with politics; -aio, -aeuib, cjiojk Hxb [sIa- 3. look {after), take care {of); zhtt^] perf -y, cjioJKHiub, p keep an eye {on); ~HXb sa ^HJi, imp -h: --aib c ce6H xeM, qx66bi... seeto it that...; 06H3aHH0CTH / nojiHOMOMHH re- <> ~HXb sa coSoH look after sign (one's duties); axb c one's health; be very particI
into disrepute; BO ~y to the glory of; Ha y col excellently, very well indeed. cjiaBH uii [slavnty] a sh f cjiaBeH, -a, -o, -bi 1. glorious, famous; 2. col nice {child, person, etc). cjiasfiHHH [slavî^n^'in] -a, pi cjiaBHHe, cjiaBHH Slav. cjiaBflHCK|HH [slAvânskîy] a -aH, -oe, -He Slav. cjiar|aTb [slAgaf^] imperf
the tracks; put
put off off the scent;

one's
~a
saMcxaxb
tracks.
cover up
cjie
about
etc].
432
ular
[looks,
fîl*"]
one's
dress
cjie;ioBaTeji|b
[s^lêdava-
-H, -eft inspector, in-
I [s^Petjt^cjieflcxBHJe vîya] n -h, -h consequence, corollary; npHmina h e philos cause and effect.
vestigator. cjieflOBaxejibHO [s^l^'edavatîl^najc/ consequently, therefore.
cjieflCXBHie
II
[s^'lêtjt^-
vîya] n -h, -h law investigation, inquiry; inquest; npo-
H3B0AHTb
[s^Pedavat*']
-yeuib,
cjieAloBaxb
tigation;
imperf
-yio,
-oeaji,
noicjiejiQBaTb [pAs^Pedavat^] perf 1. follow, go after; - oeaTb aa kcm-ji.

-yft,
imp
hold an invesHaxoAHTbCH noA ~eM be under examination. [s^lêduyucjieAywmlHH
no nnxaM follow hard smb's heels; 2. follow
on
{in
succession); come next; Jiexo ~yeT 3a bcchoh summer follows spring; 3. follow {the
example comply
fashions, etc); {with rules, etc); OBarb npHHUHuaM adhere to principles; 4. {no perf) be bound {for a port, etc); 5. {no perf) ensue, follow {as a reyer sult, consequence); KaK H3 cKasaHHoro as it follows from the above; 6. {no perf) impers: euy yei hohth xyhe ought to go there; fla -'yex noMHHXb, hxo... it should be remembered that...; sxoro oeajio ox^HAaxb it was to be expected; o6paof,
a [pa] -an, -ee, -He next, following; ~-hm 66pa30M in the following way; hh! next, please! cjieaja [s^'Pi^za] / -bi, pi cjiesbi, cjiea, -aM tear {in the aajiHXbcn aMH burst eye); into tears; cMenxbCH ao cjie3 laugh until one cries; Aocjie3
sh^-.iy]
o6haho enough to make any-
body
cry;
MOHceuib
âMH
ropK) ne noof
what's the use

spilt
crying CKB03b
over
milk;
maxbCH KyAa ~yex apply
to
the proper quarter; 7. {no perf) impers: cKOJibKO c Hero -yex? how much must he
cjiesbi tearfully. imcjie3|axb [s^lî^zat^^J cjie3|xb -aeuib, -aio, perf [s^Pes^t*'] perf -y, -euib, p ~, -Jia, imp -b 1. come / get down, alight; ~axb c JiomaAH dismount; 2. col get off {a train, tram, etc); 3. col peel (off), come off {of paint, skin, etc). cjienHXb see JienHXb 2.
cjienHJyxb
P^f'f -y.
[s^'l^'epnut'']
im-
-euib,
cjien, caenjia,
pay?; --yex properly. c;ieflOM [s^'Pedam] adv. haXH -- 3a KeM-ji. follow smb
closely;
imp
-H,
<> KaK
nut^] blind.
oicjienHyxb [As^'Pepbecome /get perf
cjienloii
[s^Pi^poy]
-bi
xoAHXb -^ aa KeM-;i.dog smb's steps, follow smb

jl
around.
f '-', -a, -o, Ha fig); in one eye;
~6h
a sh {also oahh rjia3 blind

I
blind
433
as
of
CJIQ
II
a noun
-bix,
cjienjofi
m
-h,
gift
eloquence;
homhwords;
one's
-oro,
-bix
cjienjan
[s^'l^'esar^]
/ -oh,
HHTC Moe
blind person.
o mark my HapymHTb ~o break
cjiecapjb
pi -H (-H), -eft (-eft) metallock-worker, iron-worker; smith; ~b-MOHTa^HHK fitter.

cjiMBJa
[s^lîva]
/
-bi,
wdrd; 2, speech, address {at a meeting); saKJUo^HiejibHoe ô summation, concluding remarks; AaTb '-o give the floor; B3HTb -o take the
floor;
plum; plum-tree,
cjiHB|aTbcsi [s^Pivattj9]/mperf -aeTCH, cjiHlxbCfl [s^lîtts9] perf cojihCTCH, p -jich, -jiacb 1. come / flow together rivers, streams, etc); {of
2.
Ha Boro
<>
ax in words; c nepa at once, immedi-
ately; no (ero) ing to (him);
aM accord^ ner 1)
it
fig
merge,
amalgamate
establishments, organi(of zations, etc); 3. fig blend, merge {of colours, sounds); <> cjiHTbCfl BOCAHHO become one.
cjihbIkh
goes without saying; 2) words fail me; oh He naxoAMJi words failed him; o e ~o word for word; o sa cjiobo
little
by
little.
[s^Pifkî]
pi -ok
cream {also fig); c6HTbie -kh cjiojKHTb see cKJiaAHBaxb & whipped cream; CHHMaTb ~kh skim the milk [also see <>]; cjiaraxb. cjioKHTbCfi see cKJia^bi<> KH oSmecTsa cream of society; CHMMarb ~kh take BaxbCJi. cji6}KH|uJi [slozhniy] a sh f the cream off. -a, cjiH3|b [s^lîs-^, -z^] / -H cji6:eH, -o, -u 1. compound; -oe npeAJioHCCHHe mucus; slime.
cjiHTbCji see cJiHsaTbCfl.
cjioBOM [slovam] parenth in a word, in short. cjior [slok, -g] -a, pi -h, -OB ling syllable.
ling
compound
2.
sentence;
cjiMuiKOM [s^lîshkam] adv too {much, few, etc); oh He -- yMCH he's far from clever; <> 3T0 (yw) ~! it's a bit
thick!
-h, cjiOBaplb [slAvar^] -eft dictionary; glossary; 1. HCKaTb cjioBO B --6 consult a dictionary; 2. vocabulary. cjiOBecHbiH [slAVêsniy] a verbal, oral, wordy. cjioBJo [slova] n -a, pi -a, 1. word {J) a unit of speech; 2) a promise); Aap -â
complex sentence;
cated, intricate;
compli-
bift Bonpoc
knotty problem.
cjioIh [sloy] -CB 1. layer {also
-h, pi -h,
fig);
stra-
tum
{also
fig);
tohkhh ft
thin layer/ film; 2.:
mHpOKHe
HacejieHHfl broad sections
of the population. cjiOMarb see JioMaxb. cjioMaTbCfi see JioMaibca

cjioH
1.
1.
[slon]
2.
-a,
elephant;
chess
-6b bish-
op.
cjiy
[sluga]
tn
-ri,
434
keen ear; aScojiibTHHft '- perfect
c;iyr|a
cjiyrH,
tors.
pi
servant (also
fig);
pitch;
Hrpaib [neib] no
BepHbie cJiyrH faithful
servi-
[sing] by ear; 2. (pi -H, -OB) rumour, hearsay;
~y
play
cjiy>Kam|HH
[sluzli9sh^:iy]
xoAHT
H,
eecb
qjo...
it
is
ru-
[pa] -ero, -hx employee; office worker; rocyâpcTBeHHbiH ~HH civil servant. cjiym6\sL [sluzhba] / -bi,
moured
<>
that...;
OH
is
cSpaTMjicfl
^
-h,
he
all ears.
cjiynalfl
[sluchâyj
hath na -y -eB 1. case, instance; 2.: b go to (one's) work; no êJiaM OTAeJibHbix ~-HX sometimes; 'M on official business; AJiH AaHHoro ~5i for the present instance; b npoiHBHOM 2. (special) service; â nyxH track maintenance; â abh- ~e otherwise; b JiyqmeM e
1.
service, work;
meHHH
traffic
management;
at
.best;
xyAmeM
--e
at
COCJiyHTb KOMy-Jl. xopo- worst; b ~e KpaftHeft Heo6luyio -^-y 1) do smb a good xoAHMOCTH in an emergency, turn; 2) stand smb in good in case of emergency; 3. ocstead; nocTaeHTb mto-ji. Ha casion, chance, opportunity; y HCMy-ji. place smth at BocnoJibsoBaTbCH (yA66HbiM) the service of smth. ~eM seize an opportunity; cjiy)Ke6H|biH [sluzhebniy] a 4. event, incident, occur1. official (duties, etc); office rence; HecHacTHbiH '-H acci(attr) (hours, etc); 2. auxil- dent; c HHM npoH3ome;i ne--oe cjioBo ling form- câcTHbiH ~H he met with iary; -word, functional word. an accident; 5. chance; no cjiyx|HTb [sluzhlt^] imperf cqacTJiHBOMy - lo by a lucky
-y, cJiy>KHmb, p -hji, imp -h, noicjiywHTb [pasluzhit''] perf

1.
work
(a^),
serve
(as);
oh
cjiyjKHT SyxrajixepoM he works as an accountant; 2. serve, devote oneself to the service

of;
~HTb BepoH
npaBAOH
serve faithfully; Hib HCKycCTBy devote oneself to (the service of) art; 3. be, serve
(as an example, etc); be used (for a certain purpose or as smth);
chance; <> B -e Hcro-Ji. in case of smth; B ~e, ecjiH in case, if by chance; hm b kocm e on no account, by no means; no '-K) HCro-ji. on the occalo sion of smth; KyniiTb no buy by chance. I [sluchâyna] cjiynaiiHo adv by chance, accidentally; OH -' OKaaajiCH TaM he hap-
<^
can
1.
MCM Mory ~HTb? I do for you?
what
-a (-y)
cjiyx [slukh, -gh]

ear,
hearing;
tohkhh
pened to be there; parenth by any chance; II HesHêxe, rj\e oh? do Bbi, you by any chance know where he is?, do you happen to know where he is?
,
435
-rnub,
CMC p
-aji,
[sluchâycjiyMafiH0CT|b nas^t^, -z^d^] / -h, -efl 1. chance, fortuity, luck; CMaCTJiHBaH ^-b sheer luck; 2. philos chance.
cjiyHaHHfbifi
-y,
yicjibimaTb
[sluchâynty]
a sh
1.
cjiynaeH, -a, -o, -bi accidental, casual, chance

f
2.
{attr);
chance (attr),
inci-
dental; biH 3apa6oTOK odd jobs. [sluch^'attjg] cjiyHlaxbCfl cjiyH|HTbCH imperf -aexcH, -htch 1. [sluchîttsa] perf happen, occur, come to pass,
[usHshat^] per/ 1. hear (smth, smb); 2. (no perf) hear (well, etc); OH n/ioxo -~ht he is hard of hearing; 3. hear (of), get news, be told (of); 66jibme o HCM He -'ajiH he was no more heard of; h -aji, qio Bbi yeaâexe I hear you're leaving. cjiiOHJa [s^Puna] / -b'l saliva.
cjik)h|h [s*Punî] pi -eft col slobber; nycKaxb slobber; TCKyi his [her,
~h
come about; qT6-HH6yAb ~hjiocb?

is
etc]
mouth
is
watering.
anything the matcjiMKOTJb [s^'Pakat'', -d*'] / euy [une -H slush, mire. impers: ter?; 2. CMasaxb see cMasbmaxb, u m. d.] ajiocb BCTpeqaxb [smazivat^] CMasbiBJaxb ee he [I, etc] happened to meet her from time to time; imperf -aio, -aemb, CMaslaxb he [I, etc] used to meet her. [smazat^] perf cMa>Ky, cMacjiyuiaxejilb [slushatîP] m sceuib, p -aji, imp CMascb
-fl,
pi
-H,
-efl
1.
hearer,
2.
1.
grease,
oil,
lubricate;
io-
listener; pi audience;
stuetc);
axb
HOAOM paint with
dent {of some mil cadet.

-aK),
courses,
2. dine; fig col slur over (a question, etc).
cjiyiii|aTb [slushat^]
imperf
-aeiub, nolcjiyuiaTb [pAlisten to, slushat^] perf 1.
[smakAvat^] cMaKJOBaxb imperf -yK), -yemb, p -osaji,
hear;
2.
(no perf):
aib
jick-
u,HH attend lectures; 3. obey, listen to (advice, etc); 4. (no (a case); hear perf) law
imp -yfl col savour, relish (also fig). cMejiH [s^mî^lî] imp of CMOJioTb; see MOJioxb.
CMejiocx|b
[s^mêlas^'t'*,
<>
'-aio! hullo!
(in
answer-
-z^d^] / -H boldness, courage,
ing a telephone call); bu acTe? are you there? (used conversations). in telephone
cjiyiii|aTbCsi [slushattsa] f'm-
audacity;
<> B3flXb HE ce6H jiaxb Hxo-ji. take the
Cfle-
liberty
perf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, noicjiyuiaTbcn [pAslushattâ] perf obey; listen to, take, follow
^b ropoAa of doing smth; fortune fa6epex prov vours the brave. CMeji|bifl [s^m'êUy] a sh f '-, -a, -o, -bi bold, coura(advice, instruction, etc). cjibiiuiaTb [sHshaf'l imperf geous, daring, audacious.
CMC
cMCJiib
436
<> Ha BOjiocoK OT a hair's breadth
fleiiib
&
[s^m^'i^lû], cmc[s^m^'elîsh, 1st -zh] 2nd persons of cMOJioTb; see MOJioTb.
~H
of
vvithin
death;
6biTb
-efi
npH
CMepTH be dying.
CMeHJa [s^mêna] / -bi, 1. change, changing; replace-
ment
(in
act of); 2. shift factory, school, etc); 3. young / rising generation;

{the
cMec|b [s^mês^, -z^] / -h, mixture, compound; medley, jumble. CMerja [s^'m^'eta] / -bi, estimate {of expenditure and
income).
roTOBHTb ce6e
one's
prepare
successors; ~a 4.: 6ejibH change of linen [underwear, clothes]; KOMy-ji. to replace <> Ha
CMeraHla [s^mî^tana] / -bi smetana {thick sour cream). [s^mêf"] CMexb imperf
CMCK),
cMeeuib,
noxMeTb
[pA-
~y
smb. CMCHHTb see CMeH^Tb. CMeHJnTb [s^mî^nât^l /mperf -HK), -Hemb, cMeH|MTb
[s^mî^nît^] perf -ib, cmcHHUIb, p -HJl, imp -H 1. change, replace; 2. replace (smb for a time); take over for (smb); <0> CMCHHTb rnee na MHJiocTb let mercy season justice. CMCpKldrbCJi [s^mî^rkattsa] imperf -aeicH impers get dark. CMepT6jibH|biH [s^'mî^rtêPniy] a sh f cMepiejien, -a, -o, -bi' 1. mortal, deadly; fatal {wound, etc); 2. fig excessive, extreme {boredom,
s^mêt^] perf 1. dare; be bold enough; He CMefixe SToro APJiaxb! don't you dare do it!; 2.: He -- have no right (/o do smth).
CMCX [s^m^'ekh,
(-y)
-gh] laughter, laugh;
-a
<>
eMy He ao
for
he
is in
no
laughter; 6e3 y col jokes apart; -~a paAH col for the sake of fun, in jest; '-' H TOJibKo col it's fla enough to make a cat laugh. cMeuiaHHJbiH [s^'mêshaniy] a [pa] mixed, miscellaneous; joint {commission, etc). CMemarb see cMeiiiHBaTb &
mood
Memaxb
II
2,
3.
CMeiuarbCfl BaXbCH.
see
CMeuiH-
CMeujHB|aTb [s'^mêshfvat''] -aio, -aemb, CMecMepTH|biH [s^m^'ertniy] I imperf a sh f cMepTCH, -a, -o, -bi ui|aTb [s^'mî^shat^] perf -aio, -aemb- 1. mix (up), mingle, 1. mortal {of man); 2. death {attr); an KasHb capital blend; 2. lump together, punishment; bring in disorder; 3. confuse, W as a noun cMepTH|biH confound, mix (up). [s^m'êshim -oro, -bix mortal. CMeuiMBjaTbcsi cMepT|b [s^'m^'ert^, -d''] / vattja] imperf -awcb, -aembetc).
-H,
-eft
death;
HacHJibCTeen-
CH,
ttja]
cMeuj|aTbC5i
[s^'mî^sha-
Haa -^b violent death;
perf -aiocb, -aeujbCH get
437
CMy
mixed, mix, mingle, blend; cxeeHHOH caMo;;eHxejibHOcxH be mixed; cMeiuaxbCH c toji- festival of amateur arts. CMoxp|exb [smAtrêt^] imnoH mingle in the crowd. CMeuiHJOH [s^'m^'i^shnoy] a perf -K), CMOXpHUIb, p -eji, sh f CMemoH, -a, -6, -bi 1. imp -H, noicMOxpexb [p9ridiculous, ludicrous; 2. funny; B 3T0M Hex HHêro ~6ro
smAtrêt^] perf 1. look (at); cMoxpexb b okh6 look out of the window; CMoxp^xb BCJie;t it's no laughing matter; follow smb with <> AO ~6ro to the point of KOMy-ji.
absurdity. CMel^TbCJi
[s^'mî^yattsa] imperf -ibcb, -eiubCH, p -hjich, -HJiacb, imp CMeftcH, CMeflxecb

1.
laugh {when amused,
ete)\
cMoxpexb aa pa66xaMH superintend work; CMoxpexb 3 a nopHAKOM keep order; 3. look-through (mag(of);
one's eyes; take care
2.
look
(after),
nxbCH na^ KeM- azines, etc); -jih6o laugh at smb; mock at performance, TV program, smb. make fun of smb;
chuckle; 2.:
<> xopoiiio
--excfl
4.
see (a film,
etc);
etc);
watch (a 5. exam-
xox,
kto
he
excji
1.
nocjieAHHM
prov
laughs best
who
laughs last.
ine (a patient); 6. (no perf) fig follow smb's example, imitate; He --h Ha nero never
cMHpHo
[s^'mîrna]
adv
mind him; he
for
is
no exam-
quietly, still; 2.: attention!, 'shun! (a military
command).
CMHpH|biH
[s^mîrniy]
a
sh f cMHpeH (cMHpeH), -a, -o, -bi quiet, mild, tame, gentle.
follow; (no perf) face, look (into, on, over); aom CMOxpHX na yjiHuy the house faces the street; 8. (no perf): '~'H(xe)I look out!, take care!; h He... take care not to (fall,
to
7.
ple
you
cMOJibi,
<0> CMoxpetb B rjiasa onacHocxH look danger in the face; KaK Bbi Ha axo CMOxpncMopK|axbcsi [vtsmarkattja] xe? what do you think of per} -aiocb, -aeiubCH blow it?; ~H y MeH! you dare!; one's nose. ^H, KaK 6bi xye He 6wjio cM0p6AHH|a [smArodîna] / see smth worse doesn't hap-
/ -bi, pi pitch, tar. cMOJioxb see MOJioxb. cMOpK|axbcsi [sniArkattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, bm-
CMOJi|a
[smAla]
resin;
etc),
etc);
mind you don't
(lose
it,
-bi
currant(s); currant shrubs.
peo.
CMopu^HXb
C5I
see
Mopmnxb
2.
cMOHb
see
-o,
Moqb.
f;
CMOpU^HXbCfl
2.
see
MOpmHXb-a,
CMyrji|biH [smugliy] a sh
~,
-a,
-bi
dark,
dark-
CMOTp [smotr]
-OB
1.
pi
-bi,
-complexioned, swarthy.
(pi
-bi,
forces, etc);
2,;
-6b) review (of -' xyÔXie-
cMyxHxb
see
CMymaxb.
cMyuârbCJi,
CMyxHTbCfl see
CMy
-aio,
-aeiiib,
438
CMymjaib
perf
[smush^'iat^] im-
cwyr htb [smutît''] perf CMymy, -Hiiib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. confuse,

embarrass;
ble;
bation; npHBO/iHTb B ~e perturb; 2. confusion, disarray. CMJlTb see MHTb 2. CMflTbCM see MHTbCH 1.
~aTb
2. disturb, trouAyiueBHbiH noKoft
CHa [sna], see coH.

CHa6AHTb
chob
[snof,
-v]
disturb
tlie
peace
of
mind.
CMyiu,|aTbCfl
[smush^:atts9]
imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, cMyTjMTbCH [smutîttja] perf CMymycb, -HLUbCH, p -h;ich,

-HJiacb,
see CHa6>KaTb. cHa6>K|aTb [snAbzhat^] imperf -aK), -aeiiib, cHa6A|HTb CHa6>Ky, [snAbdît^] perf
-Hujb, p -HJi, imp -H supply {with), provide {with), furnish {with).
imp
-HCb,
-HTecb be
confused, be get confused,

rassed.
cMbicji
embarrassed;
get
embar-
-a (-y) [smisl] sense, meaning; ue HMeib a make no sense; Becb B TOM, HTO... the point is that...; B H3BecTH0M ~e in a sense; 2. sense, point (m, of doing smth)\ ue HMeei ~a (it) is of no use; common sense; <> sApaBbiH B no.iHGM in --e cjioea the true sense of the word; B -'C as regards, in relation to.
1.
CHa6}KeHH|e [snAbzhenîya] -H supply, provision. [snAruzhf] cHapy^H adv from the outside; on the
.
outside.
-a, CHapflfl [snArât, -d] -OB 1. mil projectile; (artillery) shell; ynpaBjineMbiH
guided missile;
2.
spor/
gym-
nastic apparatus.
nîya] n
fit.
[snarî^zhecHapfleHH|e -h equipment, out-
cHanajia
1.
[snAchâla]
at
first;
adv
{be-
firstly,
first
CMUHJOK [smkh^'ok,
-Ka,
-g]
-KOB
bow
{for
playing
the violin, etc). cMflrHJaTb [s^'m^'i^khchât'^]
imperf
-Huib,
-aemb, CMflrM|HTb [s'^mî^khchît''] -y, perf

-aio,
-HJI,
imp
-H
soften;
fore some other thing); from/ at the beginning; 2. all over again. -a (-y), CHer [s^'n^'ek, -g] pi -a, -OB snow; Ha rojioBy col <> KaK like a bolt from the blue.
=
m m
/
mollify; allay; tone down; mitigate; axb npHroBop commute a sentence; - axb cushion the blow; yAap axb HanpjjjKeHHe ease tension; ~aTb 6ojib soothe pain. cMflTeHHJe [s'^mî^tên^'iya] n -a 1. commotion, pertur-
CHerHplb
-H,
-eft
[s'^nî'^g^'ir'*]
bullfinch. CHeronaA [s^nîgApat, -d] -a, -OB snow-fall. cHejKHHKa [s^n'M^zhlnka] -KH, -OK snow-flake.
CHecTH
TH
6.
see
CHOCHXb
HecxHCb
&
Hec-
cHecTHCb
see
3.

cHHjKJaTb
perf
-aio,
439
CHH
[s^nîzhat^] im-aeuib,
-b 1.
cHHaJHTb
cline all responsibility; axb npeA.'ioHceHHe withdraw one's
-âxb ypoâfi motion; 3.: bring down, reap gather in the harvest; lower, make lower; 2. reduce 4.: ~aTb KonHK) make a copy {speed, one's expenditure, etc); {of a document, etc); ---aTb MepKy c Koro-Ji. take smb's lower, cut {prices, etcu [s^'nîzhattsa] measurements; 5. photograph, CHHJKiaTbCfl imperf -awcb, -aeuibcn, chh- take pictures; ~aTb (JjHJibM [s^nîzîttsa] 3|HTbC5i perf film) shoot a film; 6. rent, CHH>KyCb, -HmbCH, p -HJICH, take (on lease); axb c ywera strike off -HJiacb, imp -bCH, -bxecb 1. go <> down; come down {both to a the register; axb noKasalower place); 2. be reduced HHsi c Koro-ji. take smb's KaK pyKOH chsijio {of prices, etc); 3. sink {of evidence; it vanished as if by the water level, etc); fall {of col magic {of pain, etc). temperature, etc). cHMMJaxbCH [s^nîmattsa] cHH}KeHH|e [s^nîzhenîya] -aiocb, -aeiiibCH, n -H, -H lowering; drop, fall; imperf reduction {of prices, etc); ~e cHfl|xbCfl fs^nâttja] perf chhypoBHH npoHSBOACTBa drop in MyCb, CHHMeUIbCH, p -JICH, -JiaCb, imp CHHMHCb, CHHMHproduction. xecb 1.: KpbiuiKa JierKo '-aexCHHSHTb see CHHJKaib. CHMSHTbeJI see CHHJKaXbCH. CH the lid can be easily reCHHsy [s^nîzu] adv 1. from moved; - axbCH c HKopH weigh below; BxopaH cipoKa ~ the anchor; 2. have one's photosecond line from the bottom; graph taken; -~ BBepx upwards; 2. on the <> axbcfl c ynera be struck initiative of the masses; Kpn- off the register. CHHMH [s^'nîm'i] imp of THKa criticism from below; <> ~ AOBcpxy from top to CHHXb; see CHHMaxb. CHHMHCb [s^nîm'is^, -z^], bottom, CHHMJaTb [s^nîmat^] im- cHHMHxecb [s^nîmîtîs^, -z^j -aio, -aemb, CHfl|Tb imp of cHHXbCH; see perf chh[s^nât^] perf cHHMy, chh- MaXbCH.
[s^nîzît''] perf CHHJKy, -Huib,
-HJi,
imp
MeiUb,
jiH,
p -Jl, -Jia, CHHJIO, CHHimp CHHMH 1. take down
CHHMJOK [s^n^'imak, -g] -Ka, -KOB photograph, picture.

(s'^n'îmîsh,
from the wall, etc); take off {one's clothes, the cream, etc); remove {an item
{a picture
CHHMy [s'nîmu], CHHMeuib -zh] 1st & 2nd
agenda, etc); 2.: '-axb ocaAy raise the siege; -aTb aanpex lift a ban; axb ce6H OTBCTCTBeHHocTb dec
the
from
persons of CHHXb; see CHHMaxb. CHHMycb Is^nîmus*", -z^],
cHHMeuibCH
l^t
[s^nîm''ishs*'aj
persons of cHflxbca; see CHHMaxbca.
& 2nd
CHH
440
cHHCxo;iHTe;ibH|biH [s^nîskhAdîtîl^nty] a sh f chhcxoAHTejieH, -a, -o, -bi 1. condescending; 2. indulgent, lenient.
<> ~a Ha ccHe dog in the manger; ycxaji khk ~a col he is dog-tired; oh Ha sxom
CHHJTbCfl [s^nîttja] imperf

-TCH,
p
d.]
-JiCH,
-jiacb:
eMy
[eft
he knows it ~y cbcji col inside out; box rê a sapbixa col there's the rub, that's where the shoe pinches.
=
m
u m.
Jiocb,
[eft
qxo...
he
d.]
coSeceflHHK
n^'ik,
[sab^'i^sêd''-
dreamt ing sleep); eMy

[she, etc]
that... {dar-
urn.
etc]
-ob interlocutor; OH HHXepeCHblft [CKyHHblft]

-g]
-a,
^jiCH coH a dream.
he
[she,
had
CHOBa [snova] adv anew, again, over again; naqaxb - begin all over again. CHon [snop, -b] -a, -6b sheaf {of grain); 2. fig 1.
he is good [bad] company. co6Hp|axb [sab'îrat^] im-aio, -aeiiJb; co6p|axb perf

[sAbrat^]
peiiib,
perf
-aji,
1.
co6epy, co6egather (togeth--axb ypojKafl
-ajia, -ajio, -ajiH,
imp co6epH
er),
collect;
shaft,
beam
{of light).
CHOcjHTb [snAs'ît''] imperf CHomy, CHOCHiub, p -hji, imp -H, cHeclxH [s'^nî^s^'t^'i] perf
-y,
-11
reap / gather in the harvest; convene; 3. as2. convoke,

{a machine, etc); 4.: ~-axb Koro-Ji. B Aopory / b nyxb equip/ fit out smb for a jour-
semble
-euib,
1.
p CHec,
-Jia,
imp
{no imperf) take (a letter to the post-office, etc); 2. take {downstairs, etc); 3. blow off {a roof, etc, said of a storm, away etc); carry / sweep {a dam, etc, said of floods, etc); 4. tear / take/ pull down (o/d houses, etc); 5. fig endure, bear, put up with. cH6c|Ka [snoska] / -kh, -ok
foot-note.
ney; 5.
collect (/) faxes, etc;
2) stamps, etc); ~axb rojioca collect votes; canvass votes;
co6paxb KBopyM muster a quorum; 6. col: ~-axb na cxoji lay the table; 7.; coSpaxb Bce CBoe My>KecxBO muster up one's courage; co6paxb nocjieAHHe CHJibi gather one's last
strength. [sabîrattsa] co6Hp|axbCji imperf -awcb, -aeiiibCH, coSplaxbCJi [sAbrattja] perf co-
CH6cH|biH [snosniy] a sh f CHOceH, -a, -o, -bi tolerable, fairly good.

CHJITb see CHHMaTb.
6epycb, co6epembCH, p
(-ajiHCb),
-a;ica,
-ajiacb, -aji6cb(-ajiocb), -ajiftcb
CHHMaTbCH. CO see c. CO ,, see c... co6aK|a [sAbaka] / -h, dog {an animal); roHwaa a hound; -â-HmeftKa sleuth-hound;
CHflTbCfl see
imp co6epHCb, co6e-
gather, assemble, meet; 2. intend, be going {to do smth); be aboul {to do smth); perf also make up one's mind {to do smth); 3.: co6paxbCH c AyxoM screw up
pftxecb
1.
441
etc);
COB
enough
courage, pluck up one's courage/ spirits; co6paTbCH c cHJiaMH summon enough strength; ~aTfaCH c mbicjijimh collect one's thoughts. C06jia3HHTeJIbH|blfl[S9blAZ^nîtîl^niy] a sh f co6jia3HHTCJieH, -a, -o, -h\ 1. seductive, seducing; 2. tempting, alluring. co6jia3HHTb see coSjiasH^xb. co6jia3HiTb [sablAz^nât^] imperf -hk), -neuib, coSjiasH|MTb [sablAz^n^'it^] perf -kd, -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. entice, allure, tempt; 2. seduce.
co6jiK);i|aTb
~e
co^HHeHHA collected
vôrks; noJiHoe
~e
coHHHeHHfi
complete works. co6paTb see co6HpaTb. co6paTbCJi see co6HpaTbCH. c66cTBeHHOCT b [sobstvînas^t^, -z^d^] / -h 1. property (possessions collectively);
2. ownership. c66cTBeHH|biH [sobstv^miy]
a (one's) own; ~biMH pyxaMH with one's own hands; no
~0My
<)-
jKejiaHHK) of one's
own
free will;
HMH o-oe/mg" proper name;
[sabPudat^]
imperf -aio, -aeuib, coSjiiocth [sabPus^tî] perf co6jiioAy,

co6jiK)Aemb,
6jiiojia,
co6jik)ji,
co-
co6jiioah observe (the law, traditions, etc); keep (the order, etc); --axb AHCTy keep a diet.
imp
nepcoHOH in person; B --OM CMwcjie in the true sense. co6biTH|e [sAbftîya] n -h, -H event, development; nocJieAHHe H latest develop-
~0H
ments.
co6bib [sAb^yu], co6beuib [sAb^yosh, -zh] 1st & 2nd persons of c6inb; see c6HBaTb. co6bK)Cb [sAb^yus'', -z^], co6bembcfl [sAb^yoshsâ] 1st & 2nd persons of c6HTbCH; see c6HBaTbCH. COB a [sAva] / -bi, pi cobm,
I
co66h [sAboy] instr of ce6A. co6ojie3HOBaHH|e [sabAlêznavanîya] n -h, -if condolence; BbipasHTb one's condolences.
e
m
present
-h,
c66ojilb
-H
(-H),
[sobal^] -eH sable
pi
(animal
--
owl (a bird).
and
fur).
[sAbor] -a, -ob 1. cathedral; 2. hist council,
co66p
coBepui|aTb [sayî^rshat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, coBcp-
m|HTb
-HUib,
[savî^rshtt^]
perf -y,
synod. G06610
ce6H.
-HJI,
imp
-H
accom-
[sAboyu]
instr
of
plish,
perform
(a
commit
etc);
(a feat, etc); crime, mistake,
co6paHHle [sAbranîya] n -H, -H 1. meeting, gathering; 2. assembly (a state organ);

3aKOHO;HaTejibHoe ' e legislative assembly; yqpeAHTejibHoe e constituent assembly; 3. collection (of paintings,
nyxemecTBHe go on a trip / journey; go on a voyage. coBepui^HHO [savî^rshenna]

-âxb
--
adv absolutely,
fect
/
He3HaK6MbiH
quite, totally; qejiOBCK perutter stranger; 3to He-
COB
it's
442
bo3m6}kho
tion.
out of the ques[savîr-
coBepuieHHOjieTHHH
shanAlêt^'n^'iy] adult, of the full legal age. [savî^rcoBcpiuetiHlbiH I
coBex|oBaxb [sAvêtavat**] imperf -yio, -yemb, p -OBaji, imp -yft, nojcoBexoBaxb [pasAvêtavat^] perf advise; give
advice; counsel. coBex|oBaxbCfi
[sAvêtava-
shenniy] a sh
-a,
-o,
-bi
1.
excellent;
2.
coBepmeHeH, ttsa] imperf -yiocb, -yeuibCH, perfect, most p -OBajicH, -0Bajiacb,Wmp -yftabsolute, com- CH, -yflxecb, nojcoBexoBaxbcsi
f II
plete, Utter.
COBepIUeHHUH
shenniy]
[s9v'i^-
a ling: fective aspect.

1
bha
per-
[pasAV^'etavattja] perf 1. consult (smfe); seek advice/ counsel; 2. put together heads.
C0BexcK|HH [sAvêtskîy] a
-an, -oe,
n'îya]
coBepuieHCTB oBaxb [sav^ i^r-yio, shenstyvat^] imperf -oBaji, imp -yfl, -yeuib, p y icoBepiueHCTBOBaTb [usav^ i^rshenstyvat^] perf perfect, improve. coBepuiiiTb see coBepuiaTb. coBecTJb [sovîs^t*', -z^d**]/ b -H conscience; HeMHCTan guilty conscience; yrpbiaeHHH ~H pangs of conscience / remorse;
coBcmaHHle
-He Soviet (attr). [savî^sh^-.a-
n -h, -h conference, meeting^ (of official, etc, to discuss smthy, npoHSBOACxBenHoe ~-e production meeting. coBemaxejibHbiH[savî^sh^:atîl^'niy] a consultative, deliberative; -^ rojioc delibervote. [savî^sh':acoBemjaxbCji ttja] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibca confer (with), consult (with). coBMccxHxejibcxB|o [savm*'i^s''tît*'iPstva] n -a pluralism (the holding by one per-
ative
O*
flJIM
OMHCTKH
~H
Col for
conscience's sake; 6e3 saspeHHfi --H col shamelessly; no ^H roBopfl to be honest. coBex [sAvêt, -d] m -a, -ob 1. advice, counsel; no ero - on his advice; nocjiymaxbCH Mbero-ji.'-a take smb'sadvice; 2. council; CoBex BeaonacHOcxH Security Council; 3. Soviet {the, organ of state govern-
son of more than one office)-, pa66xaxb no -'y pluraiize. coBMecxHXb see coBMemaxb. coBMecxH|biH [sAvm^'esnty]
ment
of
in
the
USSR}',
Cobcx
a sh f coBMecxeH, -a, -o, -bi joint, combined; --an pa66xa team-work; -oe o6yMeHHe co-education.
flenyxaxoB
xpyAH^HXCH Soviet Working People's Deputies;
coBMem|axb
sh^:at^]
[savm^'i^-
BepxoBHbiH CoBex CCCP Supreme Soviet of the USSR; CoBex CoK)3a Soviet of the Union; Cobcx HauHonajibHocxeH Soviet of Nationalities.
imperf -ara, -aemb, coBMecx|Hxb [savmî^s^t^'it'']

perf coBMemy,
-HUJb,
imp
-H
1.
combine
p -hji, (work
with study, etc); 2. pluraiize (hold more than one office).
443
dtor
corjiacHTbc see corjiacoBHapxos [s9vnArkh6s, -z] -a, -OB (=coBeT HapoAHoro maTbCH corjiacHo prep [sAglasnaJ xo3HHCTBa) Council of Nationwith dat according to; under al Economy. [savAkup- {some law, etc). coBOKynHocT|b corjiacHbiH I [sAglasnIy] a nas^t^, -z^d**] / -h totality,
the
tal.
aggregate,
the
sum
to-
ling consonant.
corjiacH|biH
II
[sAglasnty]
coenaAiaTb [safpAdat^] im- a sh f corjiaceH, -a, -o, -bi [sa- 1. {only sh f) predic: h [tw -aex, coBna|cTb perf fpas^t^] perf -act, p -Ji coin- u m. d.] corjiacen Ha sto I [you, etc] agree to it; h [tm cide {with), concur {with). u m. d.] corjiacen CAeJiaTb coBpaxb see Bpaxb. coBpeMCHHHK [s9vr'i^mên^- 3T0 I am [you are, etc] ready nîk, -g] m -a, -ob contem- to do it; 2. {only sh f) predagree {with ic: 6biTb ~biM porary. C0BpeMeHH|biH [savrî^mên- smb, smthy, h corjiacen c hhm n*y] a sh f coBpeMeHCH, -a, I agree with him; 3. harmo-o, -bi 1. contemporary {liter- nious, concordant.
ature, etc); ~-oe noJioHceHHe present situation; 2. modern, up-to-date. coBceM [sAfsêm] adv quite, He to nothing entirely; of the kind; ' He to, mto h xoTeji not in the least what hct not at all; I wanted;
corjiacoBaxb see corJiacoBWBaTb. corjiacoBbiBlaxb [saglAsovivat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, corjiac|0BaTb [saglasAvat^] perf
-yio,
-yft
1.
-yemb,
-OBa.n,
imp
OH He noHHMaex sto he does not quite understand it; OH -- He noHHMaeT sToro he does not understand it at all; HOBbiH brand-new; yexaTb leave /go away for good. coBXos [sAfkhos, -z] m -a,
co-ordinate {one's actions, etc); 2. seek agreement {with smb about smth); coFJiacosaTb Bonpoc c kcm-ji.
come to- an agreement with smb on a matter.

corjiaiujaTbcfl [saglAshattsa] co-aiocb, :aembCH, rjiacJHTbCJi [saglASîttja] per/ corjiaiuycb, -HUibCH, p -hjich, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -HTecb 1.
imperf
-OB state farm.
COBbH) [SAV^yU], COBbeuib [sAv^ydsh, -zh] 1st &: 2nd persons of CBHTb; see BHTb.
corjiacH|e [sAglasîya] n -h consent,, assent; MOJiqaHHe 3HaK '-fl silence gives consent; c 66inero 'H by common consent; 2. accord, concord, harmony.
1.
{with), concur {with); concede {to smb); corjiacHTecb, HTO... you must admit
that...
agree agree
{to),
consent
{to);
2.
corjiauieHH|e nîya] n -h, -h
[saglAshe1.
agreement,
understanding;
npHxoAHTb k
cor
444
coAepjKHiUb, p -aji, keep, maintain, support, provide for; 2. contain (chemical substances, useful informMtion, etc); 3. keep (in order, etc); ~-axb B HcnpaBHOcxH keep in working order; 4.: ~axb a xiopbMe [noA cxpa>KeH] keep in prison [under arrest]. coeflHHeHHle [sayid^'in^'enîya] n -h, -ft 1. joining, junction; combination, joining together; mccxo h joint, junction; 2. chem combination; 3. mil forma-y,
- K) come to an agreement; come to terms; 2. agreement,
imperf
imp
-H
1.
covenant; saKjnomiTb -ê sign an agreement. corHyxb see rHyxb 1.

corHyrbCfl
see
corpeBjaTb imperf -aio,
crHfiaibCH. [s^grî^vat^J
-aeiiib,
corp|eTb
-eeuib
[sAgrêt^l perf warm, heat. corpeBlaxbCJi

ttj8]
-eio,
[sagr'î^va-aeiiibCH,
imperf
-aiccb,
corpjeTbcfl [sAgrêttja] perf -eiocb, -eeujbCH warm oneself, warm up, grow warm. corpexb see corpesaxb. corpexbcsi see corpesaxbCH. [soda] / -bi chem c6fl|a soda; nHXbeBan a baking soda. [sAdêys^t^cojieHCXBMle vîya] n -h assistance, good
offices.
tion.
see coeAHHHxb. coeAHHHxbcsi see coeAHHHXbCH. cocAHHinxb [sayidînât''] imperf -hk), -Heuib, coeAH-
coeAMHHXb
coAeHcxBloBaxb [sAdêystyvat^] perf & imperf -yio,

-yemb, p
sist,
HJiiXb [sayidîn^'it^] perf -k), -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H 1. unite, join (the ends of a wire, etc);
2. connect, link; bine.
-osaji,
imp
(/or);
-yft
as-
3.
c/zem
com-
help; promote, contrib-
ute (to),
make
ôsaxb
pasBHXHio facilitate development.
coAepwaHHJe
n'iya]
[sadî^rzha-
coeAHHJqxbCfl [sayid^'inâimperf -HWCb, -neiubCH, coeAHH|HXbC5i [sayidîn^'ittja] perf -K)Cb, -viuibC9i, p -hjich,
ttsa]
maintenance, no -k) upkeep; pacxoAti maintenance costs; 2. pay, oxnycK 6e3 salary, wages; coxpaHeHHH -~5i leave withn
1.
-Hxecb junction; 2. get through (by telephone); 3. unite. co)KajieHHie[sazhi^lênîya]

-HJiacb,
1.
join,
imp form
-HCb,
a
out
3. content, pay; substance; 4. contents {of a play, etc); subject-matter, 5. content (the amount contained); ~e aojioxa the gold content; <> 6bixb Ha y Koro-Ji. be
n -H, -H 1. regret; HcnbixbiBaxb e regret, feel regret; h3 h 2. pity, compassion;

out of pity; <> K ~K) unfortunately.
~H
kept
supported by smb.
[sad'î^rzhat'']
perf
co)Kaji|exb {sazhi^l^'et''] im-eK), -eeuib regret, de-
coAep|axb
plore; OH
~eex, 4X0
He npH-
445
paHbiue he wishes he had come earlier.
uieji
1.
COK
realize,
-eafi
be
of;
(fully)
aware
understand, / conscious
comrii [sAzhgî] imp of CHce^b; see c^Hraxb. [sAzhgla] p co}Krjia of cjKeHb; see Cia^Hraxb. co)Kry [sAzhgu], cojKJKeuib [sAzh:6sh, -zh] 1st & 2nd per-
2. recognize, acknowledge (one's mistakes, etc).
co3Ha|BaTbC{i [saznAvattja] imperf -ibcb, -euibCH, p -eajicH, -eajiacb, /mp-BaftcH,co3HlaTb[sAznattja] CH perf -aiocb,
-aeuibCH
-H
sons of
coiHdviH
cjKeqb;
see
c^Hraib.
confess,
own
--e
(up).
[sAzhmî]
imp
of
co3HaHH|e
[sAznanîyaJ
câxb; see OKHMaxb. cojKMy [sAzhmu], coJKMeuib

[sAzhm^'osh, -zh] 1st & 2nd persons of CHâxb; see c^HMaxb. C03KHH [sAzhn^'i] imp of CH<axb; see scaxb II. cojKHy [sAzhnu], cojKHeuib [sAzhnôsh, -zh] 1st & 2nd persons of caxb; see âxb II. co3BaTb see co3biBaxb. cosBesAH e [sAz^ vêz^d^ iya] n -H, -H constellation. coanaJBaTb [sazdAvat^] imperf -K), -eiiifa, p -eaji, imp -Baft, C03A|aTb [sAzdat^] perf -acx, -auib, -m, -ajmM, -aAHxe, -aAyx, p cosAaJi, -ajia,
I
consciousness; sense of duty;
Ac3Jira
'-e bhhm feeling of guilt; npHXOAHTb B e recover consciousness. co3HaTejibH|biH [sAznat^'iPnty] a sh f cosnaxejieH, -a, conscious (being, -0, -bi 1.
etc);
2.
conscientious,
~bift
conclass-
scious;
pa66qHH
-conscious worker; 3. deliberate (deception, etc). cosHaxbcji see cosHaBaxbCH. [sazrî^vat^] coBpeBlaxb
imperf
-aio,
-aeuib,
co3p|exb
[sAzrêt^] perf -ero, -eeiiib ripen, mature (also fig).
cospexb
see
cospesaxb
&
cosAa^no,
imo -aft cosAaJiH, (produce); set up, 1. create establish (a committee, etc);
OH cosAaH
cut out for
ajih
it.
2.:
is
axoro
he
spexb. co3biB|aTb [sazivat^] im-aeuib, co3B|aTb -aio, perf [sAzvat^] perf cososy, co3oBeiiib,
-ajiH,
co3AaHH|e
-H,
-ft
[sAzdanîya]
creation,
1.
p -aji, -ajia, -sljio, imp C030BH call (tomaking gether), summon; convene,
n
convoke; invite (guests).
(the process of); 2. creation, work; 3. col creature (poor, lovely, etc). cosâxb see cosAaeaxb. [sazîdacosHAaTejibHJbiH t''iPnly[ a sh f cosHAaxejien,
-a, -o,
-bi
COHXH see cxoAHXb I. COHXHCb see CXOAHXbCH.

COK [sok, -g] -OB juice (of fruit,
-a
(-y),
etc);
sap
creative, construc-
tive.
perl
cosHaJBaTb [saznAvat^l im-K), -euib, p -bslji, imp
(of a plant); in the prime <> B nojiHOM of life. -ob -a, coKOji [sokal]
~y
falcon.
COK
see
446
solid
lent;
coKpaxHTb
coKpamaxb.
reliable
5.
man;
coKpaiujaTb [s9krAsh^:at^] -aemb, coKpaimperf -afo, TJHTb [sakrAtît^] perf co-
col
4. corpuconsiderable,
Kpamy,
-Hiub,
-hji,
imp
-h
shorten [a speech, etc); 1. abridge [a book, etc); 2. re(down), curtail; cut duce, coKpaxHTb BABoe cut by half; axb uixaTbi cut down the
staff; 3.
sizable. cojiHcx [sAîst, -zd] -a, -OB soloist. coji|HXb [sApit^'l imperf -ib, cojiHuib (-Huib), p -HJI, imp -H,
iiojcojiMXb
1.
salt; 2. pickle; salt
fpasAPit^] perf (down).
col dismiss, lay off.
c6jiHeHH|biH [soln^'ich^niy] a sh /cojineqeH, -a, -o, -bi sun
coKpameHHJe
nîya] n
{of
-h,
[sskrAsh'^.e1.
-h
the
working
shortening day, etc);
sunny; solar; <> ~bie nacbi sun-dial; biii y;iap sunstroke; ~oe cnjiexe{attr);
c
2.
~HMH
3.
abridged {hook, etc); curtailment; reduction, abbreviation; 4. contrac-
HHe anat solar plexus.

c6jiHu|e [sontja] -a, n sun. cojiOB|eH [salAv^'ey] -bH, -bCB nightingale. cojioMja [sAloma] -bi / straw {for thatching, etc). cojioMeHHlbiH [sAlom^miy] a straw {attr); an Kpbima thatch; <> ~-asi BAOBa grass widow. COJlOH Ka [sAlonka] -OK salt-cellar.
tion {of muscles). coKpOBHmIe [sAkrov'îshâ] treasure {also fig); n -a, col not <> HH 3a KaKHe riches in the all the for
~a
world.
coKpyiiiHxejibH|biH
[sakru-
shftîPniy] a sh
xejieH,
coKpymH-
-o, -bi shattering, -a, crushing; HaHocHXb ^bift yâp deal a crushing blow. cojiraxb see Jiraxb.
cojijb
1.
[sol^]
-H,
-eii
[sAldat, -d] m -a, soldier {of an army); private, man. cojieHbiii [sAôniy] a sh f COJIOH, COJIOHa, COJIOHO, c6jioHbi salt {fish, water, etc); salty, salted; pickled. [sal'îdarcojiH;iapHocxib nas^t'', -z'^d''] / -h solidarcojiflax
salt {1) used for seasoning, etc; noBa^ 2) chem);
peHHan
2.
~b
common
salt;
fig point {the main of a story, joke, etc).
idea
ity.
sh
1.
a [sAl'îdnty] cojiHAH|biH -bi -o, cojiHAeH, -a, f solid, sturdy; 2. profound,
cojibexcfl [sAl'^yottsa] 3rd person of cjiHXbCH; see cjihBaXbCH. coMHeB|axbCJi [samn^'i^vattsa] imnerf -aiocb, -aeiubCH doubt, be uncertain; MOJKexe He axbcn col you need not worry {about), you may rely {upon).
coMHeHHie deep {knowledge, etc); 3. re[sAmn''en''iya] liable, sedate: ~biH qejioeeK n H, -H doubt; axo He noj\-

jiemm
--lo
it
447
view;
coo
is
beyond
/
doubt; <> 6e3 --fl without doubt, undoubtedly.
beyond
3d
coMHeTC
person of
CH.
[sAHinôttsa]
CMHXbCH; see MHXb-
make one's observay Hero cboh ~h he has reasons of his own. coo6pa3HxejibH|biH [sAAbrAzîtîPnty] a sh f coo6pa3HxejieH, -a, -o, -bi quickwitted,
tions;
sharp.
imp of [sAmnî] CMHTb; see mhth. [sAmnîcoMHHTejibH|biH tîPniy] a sh f coMHHiejieH, -a, -o, -bi 1. doubtful, questionable; 2. dubious {characcoMHH
ter,
cooSpasHXb specoo6paâxfa. coo6u],a [sAApsh^:a] adv

together, jointly. [sAApsh^:at^] coo6m|axb
imperf
u;|HTb
-aio,
-aeuib,
[sAApsh^'.it^j
coo6perf
etc);
shady
(reputation,
etc)i
-y, -Hiub, p -HJI, imp -H report, communicate, impart,
coMHy
[sAmnu],
-zh]
coMHeiub
[sAmn^'osh,
1st
& 2nd
inform {of); --axb noAp 66HocxH give the details {of);
persons of CMHXb; see MHXb. coH [son] m cna, pi chm, CHOB 1. sleep, slumber; bo CHe, cKB03b ^ in one's sleep; ero KJioHHT KO CHy he feels {during 2. dream sleepy; sleep); BHAexb qxo-Ji. bo cne dream about smth {during
sleep);
KaK ~aK)x
ed.
as
it
is
report-
coo6ui,eHH|e [sAApsh^'ienîya] n -r, -h 1. report, information, communication;
no -K) TACC according to TASS,''TASS reports {that...);

2.
communication {railway,
<>
fore
Ha ^ rpHAymHH going to bed.
telegraphic, etc); service {air,
be-
coHHUH [sonnty] a sleepy, drowsy. coo6pa3K|aTb [sAAbrAzhat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, coo6pa3lHTb[sAAbrAzît^] pert coo6pa>Ky, 'Huib, p -HJi, imp -h consider, ponder, deliber1. ate; 2. understand {know or grasp what is meant); xopouio ~axb grasp quickly; njioxo ~axb be slow to grasp.
railway, etc). cooSiJUHTb see coo6maxb. co66iu,HHK [sA6psh^:nîk, -g] m -a, -ob accomplice, partner.
coopyAHTb see coopyxcaxb. coopywjaxb [sAAruzhat^]

-aeuib, coopyimperf -aio, AJHTb [sAArudît*'] perf coo-
pycy, -Huib, build, erect.
-HJI,
imp
-h
coo6paxeHH|e [sAAbrAzhenîya] n -h, -fir 1. understanding, grasping; 2. consideration, reason; BbiCKaaaxb cboh -^fl express one's point of
[sAAruzhe1. building, erection {the process structure, of); 2. building, construction; pi also instal-
coopyHceHHJe n^\yd\n -h, pi
-h, -h
lations.
COOTBeTCTBeHHO
[SAAt-
coo
448
vêtst^vînna] I adv accordingly, correspondingly; II prep with dat in conformwith, ity in accordance with {an order, etc). COOTBeTCTBH|e [sAAtvêtjt^v'îya] n -h, -h accordance, conformity, correspondence; -0> B ~H c HCM-Ji. in accord-
-b
compare
{in
consi'dering
[sapr^'i1.
smth).
conpHKOCHOBeHH |e
kasuAv'ênîya] n -h, -ft tiguity; 2. mil contact.
dat'']
con-
ance with smth. COOTBeTCTB|QBaTb [SAAtvêtjtyvat^] -yio, imperf -yeuib, p -OBaji, imp -yft
with), conkeeping be in {with); --OBaTb jteftcTBHTeJibHOCTH correspond to the facts; oeaTb Ha3HaqeHHK) answer the purpose; ôsaTb o6cTa{to,
conpOBO}KA|aTb [sapravAzhimperf -aK), -aeiiib accompany {smb on his walk, one's explanations with gestures, etc); escort; convoy, conpOTHBjieHHje [sapratîvPenîya] n -h resistance; opposition, opposing.
conpOTHBJijflTbCfl [sapratîvlâttja]
correspond
form
{toy,
imperf
Cfl
resist,
HaxHCKy
-niocb, -Hemboppose; ~HTbCH Bpara stand up to
the enemy. cop [sor]
(-y)
litter,
HOBKe fit the situation. [SAAICOOTBeTCTByK)m[HH

vêtjtvuyush^:iy] a \pa\ -an, -ee, -He suitable, appropriate,
sweeping; <> BblHOCHTb
^
m
H3 H36bl Col
in
wash one's dirty linen

copaTHHK
-a,
public.
[sArat^nîk,
-g]
o6paTHTbCH b ~ee the yqpejKAeHHe apply to nociynaxb proper quarters;

proper;
~HM
ingly.
66pa30M
act
accord[SAAtê-
COOTCHeCTBeHHHK
chîs^t''vîn*'ik, -g]
-a, -ob
compatriot,
fellow-country-
man.
coOTHouieHH|e
nîya] n
-h,
[sAAtnAshecorrelation;
etc),
-h
7,
comrade-in-arms, companion-in-arms. copBaTb see cpbrnaxb. copBaTbCM see cpbiBaibCH. copeBHOBaHH|e [sarîvnAvan^'iya] n -h, -h 1, competition, emulation; 2. sport contest, competition; ot66poqHbie H elimination trials; ~Ji Ha Ky6oK cup cbqi-oB
ratio {of 2 to
petition;
so<> cou,HajiHCTHHecKoe cialist emulation. copeBH|oBaTbCfl [sar^'ivnAvattja] imperf -yiocb, -yeiub-
conepHHK [sApêrnîk, -g] m -a, -OB rival; He HMexb OB have no match. conocTaBHTb see conocTaeJlHTb.
~e
CH,
-OBajicH, -OBajiacb,
conocTaBji|flTb
[sapastAv-
-yHCH, -yftjecb compete,

late.
imp emu-
Pat^] imperf -hk), -neuib, conocraBlHTb [sapAstavît^]

perf -Jiw,
-Hiub,
coplHTb
-K),
[sAr^'it^'l
imperf
-h;i,
imp
-HUib,
-HJi,
imp
-H,

HaicopHTb
litter,
449
COCpCAOTOMlHTbCfl
[nasAFît^]
litter;
perf
-aeillbCJI,
make
<>
HTbfleHbraMH
copoK [sorak,
-g]
co/ squan-
der one's money.
num
/
card
-a
forty.
copOKia
[sAroka]
-h,
[sasrîdAtochîttjaJper/ -ycb, -HiubCH, p -HJicH, -HJiacb, imp -bCH, -bxecb 1. concentrate, mass (of troops); 2. concentrate (on a subject, etc).
cocxaB
[sAstaf,
-v]
-a,
magpie
{a bird).
copoKOBJoH [sarakAvoylnum bie roAw fortieth; ord

the
forties.
-OB 1. composition (o/ a sufeXHMHqecKHH stance, etc);
copoHJKa [sAroch^ka] / -kh, ~Ka shirt; -eK: MyjKCKan HêHCKan -~Ka chemise; hoh-
HaH
<>
night-dress; B ~Ke be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth.

po;iHTbCJi
~Ka
chemical composition; 2) chemical compound; bxoAHXb B ~ form (a) part (of); 2. staff, personnel; composition, membership; qHCJieHHbiH numerical strength; ko1)
'
MaHAHbm PHAOBOH
the
comn;iand;
CepH<aHXCKHH
copT
-a,
[sort,
1.
-OB
nepBoro
m -a, pi -d] grade; quality, [sToporo] -a first-
2. sort, -rate [second-rate]; kind; Ta6aKa brand of to-
enlisted men, other ranks; --' HcnoJiHHxeJieft theat cast; 3. train (on a railway). cocxaBHXb see cocxaejinxb. cocxaBJi|flXb [sastAvPat^]
bacco. coc|aTb [sAsat^] imperf -y, -euib, p -aji, imp -h suck. -a, pi coceA [sAsêt, -d] -H, -eft neighbour. coccAHHH [sAsêd^nîy] a neighbouring; next, adjacent. cocHc|Ka [sAsîska] / -kh, -OK sausauge; frankfurter.
imperf -hk), -aeuib, cocxaBJHXb [sAstavît^] perf -jik), -Hmb, p -HJI, imp -h 1. put
together (two
tables, etc); 2.
compile (a dictionary, etc); draw up (a letter, plan, etc); form (a sentence', a group, etc); make (a mathematical table, etc); 3. form
compose,
(an
opinion,
idea,
etc);
4.:
[sAskak^'i- 3X0 ~5iex TJiaBHyK) xpyAHOcxb cocKaKHB|aTb V9t^] imperf -aro, -aeuib, co- this is / presents the main cKOHJHTb FsaskAchît^] perf difficulty; 5. amount to, be cocKOMHiiib, p -HJi, imp equal to {a certain number); -y, Hxb B cpeAHCM average; axo -H 1. jump off, jump down;
2.
come
off,
fall off,
break
off.
-^-Hex
HJixbAecnx
pyfijiefl
it
cocjiaTb sec ccbiJiaxb.

cocjiaxbCfl see ccbiJiaxbCH.
makes
<>
fifty roubles;
cocH|a [sAsna] / -bi, pi cocHbi, coccH pine-tree. cocpeAOTOHHelaxbCfl [sasrîdAt6ch''iv9tt8] imperf -aiocb,
HHKJ.keep
1.
2.
cocxaBHXb KOMy-ji. KOMnasmb company. cocxaBH|6H [sastAvnoy] a component (part, etc); compound, composite.
coc
450
COCHHTaTb see CHHTaXb 1. COTBOpMTb see TBOpHTb. coTKarb see TKaxb. cotIha fs6t^n^9] / -HH, -en one hundred; 2. col a hunsotnia
of cie-
[sastAyanîya] condition; MOpa.JihHoe -ê morale; b HeBMeHHCMOM ~H 1) beside oneanswerable for self; 2) not
coCTORHH |e
-H,
-H
1.
state,
1.
2. fortune, one's actions; wealth, prosperity; H be in a posi<> 6biTb B tion, be able {to do smth.). [sastAyacocToTejibH|biH tîPniy] a sh f cocTOHreJien, -a, -o, -bi 1. well-to-do, well{argu-off; 2. well-grounded
dred roubles; 3. hist (a cossack squadron).
coTpM
pexb;
see
[sAtrî]
imp
I.
CTHpaxb
[sAtru],
-zh]
coTpy
[sAtrôsh,
coxpeuib
1st
& 2nd
see cth-
persons of paxb I.
cxepeib;
ment, claim, etc). cocTo|aTb [s9stAyat^] imperf -K), -Huib, p -flji 1. conmade (o/); be sist {of),
2.
coTpyAHHK
[sAtrud''n''ik,-g]
1.
m
2.
-a,
-OB
employee, worker;-
collaborator; no-
coJibCTBa
ch*'9t'']
1.
HTb
be
consist {in), lie {in); 3.: wjieHOM be a member; '-HTb Ha cJiyjK6e be in the
embassy official. coTpyAHHHlaTb [sAtrud^nîimperf

-aio,
-aeiub
-~HTb na HxcAHBeHHH 2. smb's dependant; -~HTb per, per, B 6paKe be married.

service;
collaborate, co-operate; contribute {to a newspaetc);

etc).
write {for a newspa[s9trî^sê-
[s9stAyattj9] cocTolflTbca perf -HTCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb take place {of a meeting,
coTpjiceHH|e
n''iy9]
-h, -h
shaking, con-
cussion.
coTJbi
[soti] pi -OB
performance,
jiacb the deal
n^'iya]
etc);
cAeJiKa
h-
honey-
went
through.
[sastrAda-
comb.
coTbiH
[sotiy]
-z]
cocxpajiaHHle
num ord
n -h compassion, pity; hundredth. coyc [sous, H3 qyBCTBa -^-h out of compassion.
-a (-y),
cocrpHTb see ocxpHTb, [sas^t^'i'^za- n -H complicity. cocTMBaHHle c6xH|yTb [sokhnut^] imperf nîya] n -h, -h contest, competition; match {a game); -y, -eiiib, p cox (-yji), coxjia,
jibiJKHbie
-OB sauce, dressing. coywacTHle [s9uchâs''tîy9]
-'H skiing competi-
imp
-H
1.
dry,
2.
get dry; get

col
tion.
-a, -ob cocyfl fsAsut, -d] vessel (/) a hottle,etc; 2) anat); KpoBeHocHbiH blood-vessel. [s9sucocymecTBOBaHMJe sh'':istvAvan''iy9l n -h co-
parched; {away).
fig
pine
coxpaHHTb see coxpaHHTb. coxpacoxpaHHTbCM see

HHTbCH. coxpaHJflTb
[sakhrAn^'at*']
-neiiib,
existence.
imperf
-^k),
coxpa-
451
COK)
HjHTb [s8khrAnît^] perf -k>, -HLUb, p -HJi, imp -H 1. keep, {order, maintain preserve; Ha naMHTL keep etc); HTb
as a souvenir; 2. keep, retain, preserve; htl xjiaAHOKpoBHe keep cool. [sakhrAnâcoxpaH|flTbCsi -HeuibCH, tts9] imperf -siiocb, coxpaHJHTbcsi [s9khrAnîttja]
coqjia [sAch^la] see CHHTaxb.
po/cqecxb;
perf -K)Cb,
-HJiacb,
-HIlIbCH,
-HJICH,
imp
-HCb,
remain {in one's memory, etc); y MeHH coxpaHHJiHCb xopouiHe BOCnOMHHaHHH o6 3T0M I havc good memories of this; 2. col; oh xopomo HJicji he is well- AHTb I. coiuejicji -preserved, he wears his age
well.
uijiacb
-Hiecb 1. possession,
c6MH|biH [soch^niy] a sh f -o, coMeH, -a, -u 1. juicy, sappy, succulent; 2, fig rich {colours, voice, etc). coHTM [sAch^tîJ imp of cqecTb; see CHHiaTb. COHTy [SACh^tu], COHTeUIb [sAchMôsh, -zh]' 1st & 2nd persons of cêcxb; see cmhxaTb. COHyBCTBH|e [sAchûs^t^vîy9] n -H sympathy {for those in distress, etc). couiJia coiue.i [sAshol], [sAshla] p of cohth; see cxo[sAsh61s^9] co[sAshlas^, -z^] p of COHTHCb; see CXOJlHTbCH.
,
couHajiHSM [satsfAlMzm]
-a socialism.
coiiijiH
[SAshl^'i]
imp
of
COUHaJlHCTHHeCKlHH [S9tsi9lîs^t^fchîskîy] a -an, -oe,

-He socialist; ~oe socialist society.
co[j[HajibH|bifi
cocjiaxb;
see ccbiJiaxb.
coiujiMCb
[sAshPis'',
-z^],
-z^]
ccbi-
66mecTBO coiujiHTecb [sAshPit^'is^, imp of cocjiaxbCH; see

jiaxbCH.
couiJiK)
a social
etc);
[s9tjlal^nly] {problems, science,
[sAshlû], coiujieuib
o6ecneHeHHe social [sAshPosh, -zh] 1st & 2nd maintenance. persons of cocJiaxb; see ccbicoucopeBHOBaHHle [sotssg- jiaxb. rîvnAvanîya] n coiujiibcb [sAshlûs^, -z^], -h, -h (=coi;HajiHCTHqecKoe copee- couijieuibcn [sAshl^dshs^9] HoeaHHe) socialist emula- 1st & 2nd persons of cotion.
oe
cjiaxbCH; see ccbiJiaxbCH.
coHeTaHHJe [S9chî^tanîy9] couibH) [sAshyu], couibeiub n -H, -fi combination {of [sAshyosh, -zh] 1st & 2nd words, etc). persons of ciiiHXb; see lUHxb. coMHHeHHie [s9chînêcomypHTb see mypnxb. nîy9] n -h, -h composi comypHTbCfl see mypHXbCH. lion, composing; 2. compocoH)3 [sAyus, -z] m -a, -ob
sition {literary, musical, etc); work, writing; H36paHHbie h selected works.
1. union, alliance; 2. alliance, agreement; 3. union {of states); CoBexcKHH Cok>3 the
COK)
452
sleeper;
Soviet Union; 4. organization, union, league; npo4)eccHOHajibHbiH trade union; 5. ling conjunction.
KpenKO
Tb
be
fast
asleep; <> ~Tb
H BHjueTb dream
of,
crave
coibsHHK
m
1.
-a,
[sAyuz^'n'ik, -OB ally.
-g]
TWH
for;
oh chmt KaK ySiihe is dead asleep.
coib3H|biji
[sAyuzniy]
cneKTaKji|b [s^p^'i^ktakP] -H, -eft play, performance.
{powers, 2. etc); Union {attr) (republics of the

allied
ravat^]
-oeaji,
cneKyjiHp|oBaTb [spîkul'iimperf -yio, -yeuib, p
USSR,
etc)-
imp
-yft 1.
cnajibHWH
[spaPniy]
a
-h,
profiteer,
gamble;
2.
speculate, fig iurn
sleeping {bag, car, etc). cnajibHlfl [spal^n^3] /
to account, profit (by);
play
cnajieH bedroom. cnacjaTb [spAsat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub, cnac|Tii [spAs^'tî]
perf -y, -euib, p -H save {smb's
^,
-Jia,
imp
smth
{a
life,
rescue from fire, etc)', drowning man, etc),
(on smb's feelings, etc). cncKyjiflHT [sp^'ikulânt, -d] -a, -OB speculator, profiteer. cnejienaTb see nejienaTb. cneji|biH [s^pêliy] a sh f -a, -0, -bi ripe {fruit, etc). cnepeflH [s''p*'er''id''i] 1 adv
in
II
front,
at
"the
front,
from
cnac|aTbC5i [spAsattsa] im-aeiubCH, cnaperf -aiocb, cJTHCb [spAs^tîs''] perf -ycb, -euibCH, p cnacca, -Jiacb, imp -licb, -HTecb save oneself, escape; oh [a u m^ d.] eAea cnaccH he [I, etc] made a narrow escape, it was a narrow escape. cnaceHH|e [spAs^'enîya] n -H \. rescuing, saving; 2. res-
the front;
sition, location
prep with gen denoting poat the front

front
of,
of smth in front of.
at
the
cnexb cnexb
see neib
1.
II
[s^'pêt^]
imperf
cneei ripen (of fruit, etc). [spîtjtAlîst, cneuHajiHCT

-zdj
-a,
-OB
specialist,
expert.
cue
etc);
(of
3.
drowning
man,
cneuHajibHOCT|b [sp^'itsiaPnas^t^, -z^d^] / -h, -eft profession, trade, speciality (of
fig salvation. cnacHdo int [spAsîbs] thank you, thanks. cnacHTeji|b [spAsîtîP] -H, -efl rescuer, saviour. cnacTH see cnacaxb.
m b
a scientist, etc); acquire a

learn a trade.
cneuHa,iibHlbift
npHo6pecTH
profession;
[spîtia]''-
cnacTHCb see cnacaxbCH. niy] a sh f cneuHajieH, -a, cnaJTb [spai^] imperf cnjiio, -o, -bi special (correspondent, cnHUJb, cnajio, etc). ji, -jia, p [s^pî^shtf*] imp chh sleep, be cnajiH, cneuilMTb asleep; yoiAWBaTb ^Tb put imperf -y, -Hiub, p -hji, imp make haste; to bed; qyiKo ^Tb be a light -H 1. hurry,
453 -^
cno
^HTb
Ha noesA be
train;
in a
to catch the
hurry ne -HTb
take one's time; 2. be fast, gain (of a timepiece); <> He --a leisurely. cneuiHlbiH [s^pêshniy] a -h 1. -a, -o, sh f cnemeH, urgent, pressing; b ~-om nopHAKe quickly; 2, special,
express {delivery,
etc).
-Hxecb, p -HjiCH, -Hjiacb, tmp-Hxecb unite, rally, cnjiecxH see njiecxH 1. cnjiexHHH|axb [splêt^nîch^'at^
imperf ] cnjiexHHHaxb
perf
-aio,
-aeuib,
fuAspPet^gossip, talk
/
n^'ichât']
scandal.
HH,
cnjiex|Hsi [spl^6t^n*'9] -en piece gossip,
see
of
CHH [s^pî] see cnaxb. cnHH|a [s^pîna] /
ace cnHHy, pi cnHHbi, ~(of the body); 3a qben-Ji. -~6ft
scandal cnjioxKxbca back eaxbCH.

-bi,
cnjia^H-
behind smb's back {also fig). cnHHJKa [s'^pînka] / -kh, -OK back {of a chair, etc).
-eft
cnjiOHeHJHbiH [splAch'ônniy] a {pa\ sh f , cnjioqena, cnjioîeHO, cnjioqeHbi serried, solid, united.
cnHpaji|b [s^pîral^] / -h, spiral; ~bK), no ~h in
a spiral.
cnMpT
cnHcaTb cnHcjOK
[s^p^'irt,
-d]
-a
(-y) alcohol,
spirit(s).
see
cnHCbmaxb.
-g] -Ka, -KOB list, roll; -ok y6HTbix H paneHbix casualty list.
[s^pîsak,
cnHCbiB|aTb fs^pîsivat^] imperf -aro, -aeiiib, cnHclaxb

meiiib,
perf cnHuiy, cnnimp chhuih 1. copy (from a book, etc); 2. crib, copy; 3. write off, de[s^p^'isat^j
[splAshnoy] a compact; all-round, complete; cxpana ~6h rpaMOXHOCXH a country of universal literacy; ~bie neflopaayMCHHH continuous trouble; 2. col: oft B3Aop sheer nonsense; -~6e yAOBOjibcxBHe sheer joy / pleasure. cnjiouib [splosh, -zh] adv completely, entirely; all over; <> H pHAOM & -- Aa pncnjioiuHloH
solid,
1.
-aji,
AOM quite
cnjiK)
often.
[spPu],
cnHUib
falcate.
-eK
cnHHJKa [s^pîch^ka] / -kh, match {for lighting a

col
fire);
<0 xyflOH KaK ~-Ka thin as a rake.

cnjiae [splaf, -OB alloy.
vattsa]
-v]
^
-a,
[s^pîsh, -zh] see cnaxb. cnofi [spoy] imp of cnexb; see nexb. [spAkoynty] cnoKOHHlbifi a sh f cnoKdeH, -a, -o, -bi 1. quiet, calm, tranquil; ~bift 66pa3 JKH3HH quiet life;
2. easy-tempered; composed {manner, etc); <> ~0H hohh! good night!;
cnjiaHHB|aTbcsi [splachîimperf -aexcH, -aeMCH, -aexecb, cnjiox|HXbCfl [splAtîttsa] perf -hxch, -hmch,
6yAbTe
CO
-~bi!
don't
OH
coeeCTbio
with
worry!; a
clear conscience.
cno
454
MysbiKajibHbie ~-h aptitude for music. cnoc66H|biH [spAsobniy] a sh f cnocooeH, -a, -o, -bi 1. capable {of)', oh cnoc66eH Ha Bce he is capable of anything; 2. able {person); gifted {for). cnoH) [spAyu], cnoeuib [spAyosh, -zh] 1st &. 2nd persons
ties;
cnop [spor] m -a (-y), -ob argument, controversy; debate, discussion; aaieBaxb ~start an argument; goes witliout it <> ~y HCT
saying.
cnopjHTb [sporît^]
-K),
imperf
-Hiiib,
-HJi,
imp
2.
-b,
noicnopHTb [pAsporît^] perf

1.
argue, dispute;
debate,
of cnexb; see nexb.
discuss; 3. col bet, wager.
cn6pH|biH [spornty] a sh f cnopeH, -a, -o, -bi disputable,

contentious; (point at) issue, question.
the
to
cnpaBa [sprava] adv from r;giit; on / at the right;

the right
{of);
left.
uh
najieBO
sonpoc outstanding
-d]
from right to
cnopT
sport(s);
[sport,
m
~om
-a
saHHMaTbCJi
sports;
go
--
cnpaBeA..iH3luH [spravî^d''f ^, -a, -o, -u just; 1. impartial, fair; 2. true, correct; justified {suspi-
Piviy] a sh
in
for
JibijKHbiH
cions, etc).
cnpaBHXbC5i see cnpaaJIHXbCH. rpe6H6H ~ rowing. cnopTMBHbiH [spArtîvniy] cnpaBJKa [sprafka] / -kh, a athletic {games, etc); sports -OK 1. information, reference; ~ o6pamaxbCH sa ~koh apply {society, car, etc); {attr) for information; 2. certificate 3aji gymnasium, gymhall. cnopTCMeH [spArtjmên] m (a document). cnpaBji|flxbCJi [sprAvlâ-a, -OB athlete, sportsman. cn6co6 [sp6s9p, -b] m -a, ttjaj imperf -niocb, -HeuibCH, method, cnpaBjHTbCfl mode; way, [spravîttâ] -OB means; ApyrHM om in a dif- perf -jiK)Cb, -HmbCH, p -hjiferent way; ynoxpedjieHHJi CR, -HJiacb, imp -bCH, -bxecb directions for use {an inscrip- 1. cope with {a task, etc); 2. manage, handle; perf also tion on a. medicine, etc).
skiing; eoAHbiH
aquatics;
cnoc66HOCT|b[spAs6bn9s''t^, / -H, pi -H, -eH 1. ability {to do smthy, capacity ab-iyprbing, {for containing, ~b xpancetc); nponycKHan nopxa transport carrying canoKynaxejibHan -b pacity; HacejieHHH purchasing capac2. of the population; ity {mostly pi) ability, aptitude; yMCTBeHHbie ^h mental facul-z'^d^]
get the better of {one's feelings, e/c); c HHMxpyAHO cnpaBHXbCH he is difficult to manage/handle; 3. ask {about), inquire {about). cnpaBOMHHK [sprav9ch^n''ik, -a, -ob reference book. -g] [spravach^.cnpaBOHH|biH niy] a\ ôe 6iop6 inquiry MaxepHa.i mabifl office; terial for reference only.

[sprAs^'it^] perf cnpoiuy,
455
p
-HJI,
cpa
cnpaiuMBJaTb [spr^shivat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, cnpoc|HTb

cHiub, p
-HJi,
cnycTHUib,
1.
imp
-h
let
get
down,
lower,
imp
-H
{smb his name, etc); {about, etc); 2. wish / want want / desire to see {smb);
to
cnpoask inquire
1.
down;
3.
speak {to smb); oh ---aji Te6H he wanted to see you; he wanted to speak to you; 3. col hold responsible {for smth); c eac 6y;iyT axb aa 3T0 you will be held responsible for that.
2. launch {a ship); unleash, unchain, let loose; --axb c uenH unchain {a dog); 4. drain {water); let off /out {steam, etc); 5. fig col squander, waste {money); ~axb KypOK pull the 0trigger; cnycxiixb nexjiio drop
stitch;
cnycx pynaea
in a
cnpoc
[spros,
-z]
-a
(-y)
econ demand; -- h npefljioMceHHe demand and supply; nojibsoBaibCH 6ojibmHM ~om
slipshod manner, anyhow. [spuskattja] cnycKlaxbCfl imperf -aracb, -aeuibCH, cnyct|HXbCJi [spus^tîttja] perf cnymycb, cnycxHuibCH, p
-HJicH,
-HJiacb,
1.
imp
.-ricb,
be much
in
demand;
without
per-
-Hiecb
go down,
descend;
<> 6e3 ~a col mission.
come down
{of people);
~axb-
cnpocMTb cnpHrjaTb
perf
-aK),
see
[sprî*^gat^]
cnpauiHBaTb. imnpojcnpsi-
CH no jiecTHHue go downstairs; come downstairs; 2. go downstream {along a river); 3. fig

fall
-aeuib,
raxb [prasprî^gat^] perf ling

conjugate.
cnycKaxb. cnycxHXbCfl see cnycKaxbCH.
cnycxHxb
cnycxfl
{of night). see
cnpAJK^HMJe
[spr^'i^zhe-
nîya] n -h, -ft ling conjugation. cnpflxaxb see npHxarb.
with ace
[spus^tâ] prep time: rojl after a year, a year later. cnyxHHK [sput^nîk, -g]
denoting
cnpRxaxbCM see npHxaxbcn. cnycK [spusk, -zg] m -a

-OB 1. lowering, letting/ getting down; descending, de(-y),
-a,
2.
-OB 1. companion, friend; fellow-traveller, compan-
ion;
3.
scent;
ship);
2.
3.
launching {of a descent {a way

otjiophh
lKpy-
2. astron satellite; sputnik, satellite. cpaeHcHMle [srAvnênîya]
-H,
-H
1.
comparing, comsimile,
c...
downward);
toh]
parison;
2.
idiomatic
cpaeHHBlaxbl [sravnîvat*] -aio, -aenib, cpaBH|MXb perf -aio, -aeiiib, cnycxJHXb [srAvnît^] perf -ib, -Huib, p [spus^f'it^] perf cnym.y, -HJI, imp -H compare {with, to).
cnycKJaxb
[spuskat^]
[steep] descent; gentle [steep] slope; --y <> He Aaeaxb KOMy-ji. col give smb no quarter.
gradual
comparison; <> no ~K) son with...
in
compari-
im-
imperf
cpa
II
.
456
cpaBHMB|aTb
vî^]
itnperf
[sravnî-
-aemb, cpaBH nrb [srAvnât^] perf -HK), -Hemb make equal {to, with); equalize, even.
-aio,
tion in the middle part of'. cpeflHeasHarcKHH [srêd^'nîAz'îat^k^'iy] Central Asian; 2. smth pertaining to the middle period of: cpe/tHeee-
cpaBHHBJaTb
vat'']
III
-aio,
[sravnî-
KOBbiH
[sr^'id^'nîv'î^koviy]
itnperf
cpoBHJHTb
-HKD,
el.
-aemb, [srAvnât^] perf

level,
lev-
-Heuib
make
medieval; cpeAHeaHrjiHKCKHH [srêd^nîAngPiyskîy] Middle English; 3. an average quantity, figure: cpeAneMeCHMHbiH [srêd*'nîm''es''9ch''niy] average monthly. cpeflHJHH [srêd^nîy] a I. middle; medium; ~hh pocT medium height; ~hh xexHHqecKHH nepcoHaji medium- level technical personnel; 2. average, mean; ~hh sapa6oTOK average earnings; ~flH BeJmqHHa mean quantity;
3.
na]
CpaBHHTCJIbHO [^^FAvnîtîPadv comparatively. cpaBHMTb "êe cpaBHHBaxb I. cpaBHflTb see cpaeHUBaxb II. cpaBH^TbCsi see paeHHTb3.
cpa)K|aTbCJi
[srAzhattsa]
-aeiiibCH,
imperf slHTbcn
)KyCb,
Jiacb,
-aiocb,
[srAz^'ittsa]
cpaperf cpa-H-
-HUIbCH,
-HJICH,
imp
an
-liCb,
-Hiecb fight
etc);
col
middling, so-so,
[with
enemy,
wage average;
<>
a battle.
~HH
[sFAzhen^'iya] n -, -H battle. cpasHTbCfi see cpa>KaTbCH. cpasy [srazu] adv 1. at once, at one stroke; 2. right away, straight away; straight
cpajKCHHle
He
poA neuter gender; Bena the Middle Ages;
~ji uiKOjia s_econdary school;
~ee o6pa30BaHHe secondary education; Bb'iuie ~ero above the average; hchto ~ee col
something
pi -a, KajibHoe
2,
in
between.
off.
cpeflCTB|o
cpefl|a I [sr^'i^da] / -b'l, ace 1. surround-y, pi cpe^bi, e HameH ings, environment;
1.
~o
n -a, remedy; pa^Hdrastic remedy;

[srêt^tva]
in
our
II
midst;
2.
biol,
phy^ medium.
cpeA|a
[sr^'i^daj
-b'l,
ace cpe;;y, pi cpeAU.
^,
-aM
Wednesday.
cpcflH (sr^'i^dî]
{mostly pi) means {of conveyance, etc); HcnojibSOBaib Bce ~a leave no stone unturned; 3. pi means {money); funds; jKHXb He no ~aM live beyond one's
prep with
2.
gen
among, amongst; the middle (of).

1.
in
means. cpe3aTb cpe3;aTb

-aio,
see cpeaaxb,
[sr'î^zat^]
imperf
cpeflHc...
first
element of
1.
compounds denoting
posi-
-aemb, cpe3|aTb [sr^'ezat**] perf cpe>Ky, cpe>Kemb, p -aji, imp cpejKb 1. cut off
(with
457
fall
era
{losing
fall
a
{at
knife);
2.
col
fail
2.
one's
hold);
smb
an examination). cpasHHcpoBHHTb see

[srok,
-g]
3.
fig col
through, mis-
carry; <> copBaxbCfl c sisMKa escape one's lips. quarccopla [ssora] / -bi, 6biTb rel, squabble; b
Baxb III.
cpOK
-OB
1.
-a (-y),
period, space of time;
term {of study, etc), 2. term be on bad terms {of payment, etc); paHbuie ~a c KeM-ji. before the appointed time; with smb; saTenib ~y start ahead of time; b MecjmHbiH a quarrel. within a month; no HCTecc6p|HTbCfl [ssdrîttja] imqeHHH â when the time perf -K)Cb, -HIIIbCH, p -HJICH, expires; om Ha hhtl Jiei -HJiacb, imp -bCH, -biecb, nojfor a period / term of five ccopHTbCJi [pAssorîttga] perf years; k ~y, s ~ in time; quarrel, squabble. B yKasaHHbiH -^ by a speciCCCP [es-es-es-er] abbrev fied date; {m) (=C0K)3 COBexCKHX CoHa ~' for a period / term; UHajiHCTHHecKHx Pecny6jiHK) flafi(Te) col have patience. USSR (the Union of Soviet cpoHHJbifl [sroch^nty] a sh Socialist Republics). ccyAJa [ssuda] / -bi, f cpoqeH, -a, -o, -bi urgent, pressing; an xejierpaMMa loan, advance-money; Aaib express telegram; mh aanaa y grant a loan. rush order. ccbuilaxb [ssilat^] imperf cpy6MTb see py6HTb. -aK), -aeiub, cocjijaTb [sAslat**] cpbiB|aTb [srtvat*'] imperf perf couiJiK), couijieuib, p -aji, -aio, -aeuib, copB|aTb [sArvat^] imp coiujiH exile, banish. [ssHattsa] imccbijijaTbCJi perf -y, -eiiib, p -aji, -ajia,
imp -h 1. tear tear off, tear down; pluck {a flow?r, etc); 2. fig frustrate, upset; wreck {talks, etc); foil {plans, etc); disrupt, hamper {work, etc); copBaib neperoBopbi wreck the talks; 3. fig col vent {one's anger, etc, upon smb). cpuB|aTbC5i [srivattja] im-aeuibCH, copperf -aiocb, B|aTbCfl [sArvattja] perf -ycb,
-ajio,
-ajiH,
perf
-aiocb,
-aeuibCH,
co-ajicH
away,
cjijaTbcsi
iiijiK)Cb
[sAslattsa]
perf co-
couijieiiibCH,
-ajiacb,
imp
coiujiHCb, couijih-
Tecb 1. refer {to), cite, quote; 2. plead, allege {a headache, etc, as an excuse).
ccbiJi|Ka
I
[ssllka]
[ssllka]
{to
-kh,
-OK exile, banishment.

ccbiji|Ka II
-OK reference
/ -kh, source).
-embCH,
-ajiocb
(-ajiHCb),
1.
-ajicH,
-ajiacb,
(-ajiocb),
-ajiHCb
imp
-HCb,
-Hiecb
break loose,
break
away;
era [sta] see cxo. cxaBJHXb [stayît^] imperf -jiK), -Huib, p -Hji, imp -b, nojcxaBHXb [pAstav^'it^] per^' 1. put, place, set; 2. mount,
era
install;
458
fig clash,
{of
htb
Te;ie(J)6H
3.
a telephone installed;
{a
have apply
2.
come
into
coletc);
lision
3.
interests,
compress,
stage, produce; question, etc);
npoc smb's
the at raise (a HTb bobring nepeA KeM-ji. attention to a question;

etc);
4.
5.
HTb Ha o6cyÂeHHe bring up for discussion; ~HTb ycjioBHH lay down terms; 6.: shicoKo ~HTb Koro-Ji. think highly of smb; 7. organize,
put
0>
right
(a business,
etc);
~HTi> rojioc KOMy-ji. train smb's voice. cTaB|Ka I [stafka] / -kh, -OK 1. stake {in gambling);
2.
fig run into, clash into; across {quite unexpectedly); aXbCH C Tpy^HOCTHMH meet with difficulties. CTaji|b [staPl -H steel / {iron with carbon); HepH<aBeroman --b stainless steel. cTaHflapTHJbiH [stAndartniy] a sh f cxaHAapieH, -a, -o, -bi 1. standard {dimensions, etc); ~biH prefabricated AOM house; 2. stereotyped fig
come
{idtas, etc).
ttja]
rate (of wages, etc);

AC'/iaTb
<>
Ky
CTaHOB|HTbCJi I JstsnAvîimperf -jiibcb, ciaHOBHUibCH, p -HJiCH, -HJiacb, imp

-HCb,
Ha
Koro-ji.
-HTecb,
cxaTb
[staf*]
(na HTo-ji.J [.mth].
stake
on
smb
cxaelKa
II
[stafks] / -kh,
-OK General Headquarters. -a, cxaflHOH [stad^'ion] -OB sport stadium. cTaAH|$i [stadîya] / -h, -h stage, phase. CTafljo [stada] n -a, pi -a, herd {of cattle); flock {of sheep). -a length cxaJK [stash, -zh] of service; napTuftHbiH length of party membership. cTanaH (stAkan] -a, -ob glass {for drinking); a <> 6ypa B --e boabi storm in a teacup. CTajiKHB|aTbCJi [stalkîvattS9] imperf -arocb, -aeuibCH, [stAlknuttj;^] cT0jiKH|yTbC5i perf -ycb, -eiiibCH, p -yjicn, -yjiacb, -ricb, imp -Hiecb 1. collide, come into collision; clash (o/ troops, etc);
perf cxaHy, cxanemb, p cxaji, cxajia, imp cxaub 1. stand, take one's stand; HibCH Ha Ubmo^KH stand on tiptoe; HTbCH B oêpeAb queue up; 2. {no imperf) stop {of a watch, etc); peKa cxajia the river is ice-bound;
<> cxao-bHaynex be registered; get registered; cxaxb na HKopb anchor; sa hcm acjio cxajio? what's the hitch?; bo Hxo 6u xo HH cxajio at all costs; by all means. [stanAcxaHOBJHXbCJi II
BHUJbCH, p
vîttja] imperf -jiibcb, cxano-vLJicsi, -HJiacb, imp
-HCb, -Hxecb, cxaxb [stat^J perf cxany, cxanemb, p cxaji,

cxajia,
get,
imp cxaHb become, grow {also impers); cxaHOBHXCH xeMHo it is gettmg
dark; oh cxaji nHcaxb he took up writing. -Ka, cxaHiOK [stAnok, -g]
459
-KOB
school);
2.
Cfe
senror,
~6k
mach'ne-tool; TKauKHH loom; neâTHbift ~6k
{at
II
head
|
{attr);
1. c x a p h h -hx chief, person in charge; kxo sêcb hh? who's in charge here?; 2 pi -hx elders. cxapjbiH [stariy] \ a sh f
printing-press; xoKapHbifl
iathe; (})pe3epHbiH
~6k
mill-
as a
noun
~6k
-ero,
ing machine. CTSLHuula [stantsiya] / -h, -H 1. station {of a railway, - h railway etc); ysjioBan junction; lOBapHan ~h goods-Station; 2.: Tejie4)6HHaH a
cxapm|He
telephone exchange; onbiTHan ~H agric experimental station.

-H,
CTapaHH|e [stAran'îya] n -H endeavour, effort; dil-
~', -a, -o (-6), -bi (-bi) 1. old {not new); 2. ancient, outdated; 1. II as a noun n -oro: npHHHMaxbCH sa ~oe lapse into one's old ways;
cxapjoe
igence; application {in work).
CTaplaxbCfl [stArattsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, noicrapaxbcfl [pastArattsa] perf endeavour, try, seek; axbCH H30 Bcex CHji do one's best;
KXO ~oe noMHHex, xoMy rjias BOH prov let bygones be 2. cxapjue pi bygones;
-bix
the old;
~-afl
<>
Aeea spinster. cxaxHcxHKJa [stAtîs^tîka]
axbCH
/ -H statistics.
Bbmrpaxb BpeMH play
time. cxapjexb [stArêt^] imperf -6k), -eeuib, nojcxapexb [pastArêt^j yicxapexb perf,
for
[ust'Arêt^] (nocxa1. perf pexb) grow / become old, age; 2. (ycxapexb) become obsolete {of words, machinery, etc); become old-fashioned {of views, styles, etc).
'
cxaxyjsi [statuya] / -h, -h statue. cxaxb I see cxaHOBHXbCH J. cxaxb II see cxanoBHXbCH II. cxaxbla [stAt^ya] / -h, cxaarticle {in a magaxeft 1. article, clause zine, etc); 2.
{of
an agreement,
etc).
-OB old
cxapHK [stArîk, -g] m -a, man. cxapHHH|MH [stArînniy] a

old;
[staya] / -h, -h flock {of birds); shoal {of fish); pack {of wolves). -a, -ob [stvol] cxBOji
cxa|fl
trunk {of a tree); 2. barrel {of a gun); shaft {of a

1.
ancient,
old-fashioned.
cxapocTJb
[staras^'t^, -z^'d^]
/ -H old age.
cxapyx|a
'- old
[stArukha]
-h,
woman.
pit, lift, etc). [s'têbîl^] cxe5|ejib -jiH, -jieH stem, stalk. cxeKjiio [s^tî^klo] n -a, pi cxeKjia, cxeKoji 1. glass {a sub-
cxapuilHH [starshiy] I a -aH, -ee, -He 1. elder; oldest; eldest; senior; '-He KJiaccbi senior clas;3es, upper grades
stance); OKOHHoe ~6 windovv-pane; 2. glassware; yBCjiHHHxejibHoe ~o magnifying glass.
cxe
CTCJiH
460
see cxjiaiL.
ttS9]
[s''t*'i^l'"i)
cTejiJMTb -K), perf

CTjiaxb.
Is^'t^'i^lît^]
im-
ciejieiiib
col=
imperf -Hrocb, -aembCH, noicxecHwxbCfl [pas^f'iVnâttâ] perf 1. (no perf) feel shy;
2.
be /feel
ashamed
{to
do
cTCJiK) [s^'f'i^Pu], cxejieuib
smth);
C>
[s^f'elîsh,
-zh]
see
see
cxjiaxb.
2.
cxcMHexb
xeMHexb
be
He -~flxbcfl B cpeflcxBax unscrupulous, not have
cxcHJa [s^t^'i^na] / -bi, ace cxeHy, pi cxeHbi, ~, -aM wall (of a house, etc);
<> col
npHwaxb
drive
Koro-Ji.
smb
k ~e into a cor-
ner; jieaxb Ha cxcHy col be beside oneself. cxeHra3ex|a [s^t^mgAz^'eta]

/
-bi,
~'
(=cxeHHaH
rasexa)
scruples. cxHJijb I [s^tîl^] -H, -eft style {in architecture, etc).' cxHJi|b II [s^f'iP] m-H, -eft: HOBbift -~-b new calendar {Gregorian calendar); cxapbift b old calendar {Julian calendar). cxHJiflrja [s'^tîlâgaJm-Hfo/
many
wall newspaper.
teddy boy.
cxHwyji [s^'t'imul] -OB stimulus, incentive.
cxeHorpdMMJa [s^'tînAgramma] / rbi, ~ shorthand report, cxeHorpa^HcxJKa [s^'tînagrAf'istlo] / -kh, -ok
-a,
cxMneHAHlfl
[s^'tîp^'en''-
steno-
grapher.
cxeneHJb
-eft 1.
[s'^t^'ep^m''] / -h,
extent; b eme an even greater degree; 2. degree (academic or honorary); npHcyflhxb yqcHyK) ~b confer a degree; 3. math power; 4. ling: cpaBHHxejibHan ~b comparative degree; B BUCLueA ^H exceedingly,
degree,
66jibiiieH
~H
to
dîya] / -h, -ft (student) allowance, grant, scholarship. cxHpjaxb I [s^tîrat^] im-aio, -aeuib, cxepjexb perf [s''tî^r''et^l perf coxpy, coimp xpeiiib, p cxep, cxepjia, coxpH 1. wipe off, clean; ~axb nujib erase, rub out; dust; 2. rub sore; cxepeTb h6ry get foot sores; cxepexb c jiHua scmjih <> wipe out, raze to the ground.
extremely.
cxeji|b [s^'têp*', -eft steppe.
-b**]
cxHplaxb
/ -h,
II
[s^f'irat'']
perf -aw, -aemb,

[vls''t''irat^] perf
imBbicxMp|axb
-aio,
-aeuib
cxepexb see cxHpaxb I. cxepe|Hb [s^t^'i^r'êch^] imperf -ry, ->Keiiib, -ryx, p cxepSr, -r;ia,
wash, launder.
cxHx
pi
-H,
[s^'f'ikh,
-OB
1.
-gh] verse;
m
2.
-a,
pi
imp
keep
{for).
watch
-fh over;
1.
guard,
verses,
poems; poetry.
2.
watch
cxepwIcHb
cxecHJHTbCfl
[s''t''erzhan^l
-HH, -Heft pin, pivot.

[s''tî^s''n*'a-
cxHXHHH|bift [s*'t''ikh''iyntyl a sh f cxHxfteH, -a, -o, -bi 1. elemental, natural; 2. sponmovement^ taneous {speech,
etc).

-fi
461
cxa
cthxhIsi [s^tîkhîya] / -h, elements (of nature); <> 6iiiTb B cBoeH ~H be in one's element. CTMxoTBopeHHle [s^tîkhatvArên'iya] n -h, -h poem (a short composition in verse). cTjiaJTb [slat^] imperf ciejiK),
CT0Ji6|eu [stAlbêtj, -dz]
-ua, -uoB column {oj figures, in a newspaper, etc).

-fl,
CTOJieTH|e [stAlêt'iya] n -ft 1. century; 2. centenary. cTOjiHu|a [stAPitsa] / -h, capital, metropolis. cTOjiKHOBeHHje [stalknAvê-
cTejieiUb,
-Ji,
imp
cie-
n'îya]
n
{also
-h,
-h
collision,
noiCTjiaTb [pAslat^] perf spread (a cover^ etc)\ Tb nocTejib make the bed {before going to sleep). CTO [sto] nam card era hundred. -a, pi -a, CTor [stok, -g] -OB stack, rick. [stoimas^t^, cTOHMOcTJb
JiH,
clash
fig);
Boopy}KeHcrajiKH-
Hoe
~e armed
conflict.
CTOJiKHyxbCJi
see
BaXbCH.
CTOJioBlan [stAlovaya] / -OH,
-wx 1. dining-room; 2. dining establishment; saBOACKaH -ân

canteen. CT6;ibK|o [stoPka] adv & pron {pron: -hx) so much; so
-z^d**] / -H,
-eft
1.
cost, price;
66mm
~bio B AecHTb
pyCjieft
many; eme
~o
(>Ke)
as
much
to a total value of ten roubles; 2. econ value; npH6a-
BoqHan ~b surplus value. CTOJHTb [stoit'] imperf -k), -Huib, p -HJi 1. cost {of an article)', be worth {a rouble, etc); 3T0 eMy ~-hjio 6ojibm6ro TpyAa it cost him much effort;
2.
impers
deserve, be worth; 3. be worth {reading,

-aH,
again; as many again; o cKOjibKo as much as; <> as many as; He ~o..., CKOJibKo... not so much... as... CTOjinp [stAlâr] -a, -6b joiner {a worker in wood). ctoh [ston] -a, -ob moan, groan. CTOH axb [stAnat^] imperf
-y,
1.
CT6Hemb, p
-aji,
imp
-h
seeing, etc).
moan, groan;
2.
fig suffer,
ctohkIhA [stoykîy] a
-oe,
1.
-He,
sh f cxoeK,
-a,
-o, -h
stable {gas, etc); 2. fig steadfast, steady, staunch. CTOJi [stol] -a, -6b 1. table (a piece of furniture); 2. board {meals); cooking, cuisine. CTOJ16 [stolp, -b] -a, -6b post, pole, pillar; 2. fig 1. column {of water, air, etc); nosBOHOHHbiH <> anat backbone, spine.
languish. -a, cTopoJK [storash, -zh] pi -a, -eft watchman, guard; forest warden; tk)jiecHOH
peMHbifi
warder. [starAzhft^] cTopO)K|HTb imperf -y, -iiuib, p -hji, imp -6 guard, keep watch over. CTOpOH|a [star Ana] / -m, CTOpOHU, ace CTOpOHV, pi side {left, CTopoH, -aM 1. wrong, etc); BnyTpeHHHH ~i inside; BHeuiHHa ~a outside;
~ ^
CTO
462
nepeA KeM-ji. face smb problems, etc); 6. fig

7.:
jiHuesaH 5 MaiepHH right side of material; c BHeuiHeH '-bi on the outside; Ha toh e across, on the other side; yKJiOHHTbc^ B CTOpoHy deviate; 2. land, place; poAnan -â native land; 3. party (in an
HTb
(of
etc);
stand (for), uphold (a cause,

2)
let
wait
CT6H{Te)! 1) stop!; a moment!; 3) col
me
see
(when trying
to
remember smth);
<> (XBepAO) flTb Ha CBOeM (firmly) hold one's own;
etc); law side; AorosapHBaiomHecH CTopoHbithe High Contracting
argument,
BbicoKHe
Parties;
4.
side,
aspect
{of
etc);
matter,
problem,
HNieXb CBOH XOpOUJHe CTOpOHbl have one's good points; ero 3HaiOT c xopouieft ~bi he enjoys a good reputation; "0 B cTopoHy aside, to one side; BcraTb he Hhw-n. ctopoHy take sides with smb; c qLCH-ji. bi on smb's part; CO cBoefi 51... for
~-Tb HaHbCM-ji. nyxH stand / be in smb's way; axb naa col Ayuiofl y Koro-ji. worry the life out of smb. cxonH|HH {stAyach'îy] a
-an,
etc).
-ee,
-He
2.
stand-up;
1. standing, stagnant (water,
cx65iiu,|hh
[st6yash^:iy]
-ee,
~w
[pa] AeJio
-an,
-He
col:
a axo
is
~ee
it's
worth while;
the
part I ,.; c oahoh c. ~bi on the one flpyroH hand..., on the other hand. cTopoHHHK [stAron^nîk, -g] -a, -OB supporter, adherent; partisan (of peace, etc). CTOMHiKa [stAyanka] f -kh, -OK stand, stop; parking (for or of cars); mooring (for or of ships); ~Ka TaKCH taxi-
m...,
my
3X0
~HH
4)HJibM
film
worth seeing. cxpa^laxb [strAdat^] imperf -aio -aemb, noicxpaâxb

[pastrAdat^j perf \. (no perf) suffer (from a disease, etc); 2. suffer (1) from drought, etc; 2) for a cause, etc). cxpa)K|a [strazha] -h /
-stand. CTOjflTb [stAyat^] imperf

-Hiub,
-k>,
stand (on the feet); 2. stand, be, be situated; 3.: ~ht luyM there is a noise; ht Mopoa there
-flji,
imp
-if
1.
guard, watch; <> 6bixb / cxoRXb Ha --e. be on guard; stand guard (over); 6paxb nofl -^-y take into custody.
is
a frost;
~ht xopoman
4. -stop,
no-
roiia
we
of
fine
having a spell weather, the weather

are
keeps
fine;
be
at
standstill;
paSoxa
~ht
the
work has stopped; qacbi ~ht the watch has stopped; 5.: queer, odd.
cxpaHJa [stxAna] / -bi, pi cxpaHbi, country (the 1. territory of a nation); land coun(of socialism, etc); 2. try, nation. cxpaHMuja [strAnîtsa] / page (in a book etc). -H, cxpaHHJbiH [strannty] a sh f cxpanen, -a, -o, -bi strange,
y 463 CTp
CTpaHCTBJoBaTb
yvat'']
[stranst-
imperf
-yio,
-yft
-yeiub,
-OBaji,
imp
wander,
travel.
{of rushing, etc). cxpeMHTejibHlbiH [str^'i^mîtîPniy] a sh f cxpeMHxejieH, -a, -o, -bi swift, impetuous.
adv headlong
CTpacTH|biH [strasnty] a sh f CTpacTeH, -a, -o, -bi passionate, ardent. 'd^]/ CTpacT|b [stras^t
-H,
-efl
cxpeMJiixbCfl [strî^mîttsa]
-Jiibcb, -HuibCH, p -hjiCH, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb seek, aspire {to), strive {for);
imperf
etc,
2)
passion (1) for music, strong love).
[strakh, -gh] -a -OB fear, fright; h3 â out of fear; (m pHCK) at Ha CBOH one's risk; on one's own responsibility; noA -~-0M CMepTM on pain of death.
(-y),
cTpax
long {for). cxpeMJieHM|e [strî^mPenîya] n -h, -h aspiration

{for),
striving {for).
-Hêuib,
cxpHJHb
-ry,
[strîch^] imperf -ryx, p -r, -rjia,
n^'iya]
CTpaxoBaHMJe -a n
[strakhAvainsurance
(against accidents, etc). CTpamH|uH [strashniy] a sh f cTpîueH, -a, -o, -bi (-b'l) terrible, frightful, dreadful,
nojcxpHHb [pA{hair); perf cut shear {sheep); ~qb narojio cut (hair) close to the skin; ~qb HorxH pare one's nails. cxpHJHbCJi [strîch^s^'a] imperf -rycb, -HcembCH, -ryxcH,
-FH,
str^'ich^]
imp
-rcH, -FHxecb,
-rjiacb,-
imp
cut
nojcxpMHbCH
perf
-rHCb, [pA-
ugly {face,
CTpeJibi,
etc^.
str'îch^sâ]
one's
CTpejija [strî^la] /
1.
pi arrow; shaft
-u,
hair;
-oe,
1.
have one's hair cut. cxp6r|HH [strogîy] a -an,

-He,
{aho
~6h fig); 2.: MqaxbCH run like a deer; 3. technol
derrick {of a crane). CTpeilKa [str^'elka] / -kh, -OK 1. pointer, indicator; arrow (a sign); hand {of a timepiece); 2. railway switch. CTpejijoK [strî^lok, -g] -Ka, -KOB shot, marksman; rifleman.
sh f -, -a, -o, -h {parents, etc); severe {look, etc); 2.: He qepXbi JiHua regular features. cxpoeHHJe [strAyenîya] n -H, -H 1. building, construction {anything built); 2. structure {of matter, etc). cxpoace [strozhi^] comp of cxporHH & corresp adv.
strict
cTpejioHHHK [str^'elach^nîk,
-g]
cxpoHxcjibcxelo
stva]
/x-
[strAitîlÎ.
-ob switchman. CTpejib6|a [strî'^l^ba] /

-a,
-u
shooting, firing; OTKpbiXb -
building, constructing, construction {also fig); pasBepnyxoe -~o

-a,
--
open
fire.
KOMMyHHSMa
construction
tion) project.
comprehensive
2.
cTpeji|flTb [strî^lât^] imperf -HK), -Heuib shoot, fire.
building of communism;
site;
(construc-
cxpeMrjiae [str^'i'^mgjaf, -v]
CTp
[stroit^]
-Hiub,
464
CTpolHTb
-K),
imperf
-HJi,
imp
-H,
no:cTpo;iTb [pAstroit*'] perf 1. build, construct {also fig);

2.
0>
mil form (up); MTb rjiasKH

(at).
-a, -OB student {of a higher educational establishment or a junior college) cxyK [stuk, -g] m -a, -ob knock, tap, rap; rumble {of
col
-h,
make
pi -h, state,
for-
wheels).
eyes
CTyKJaTb
-aio.
CTpolH [stroy] m -68 1. system (of

etc);
2.
-aeiub,
{pi -H,
-ee)
a m//
nut^l
perf
-H
imperf cxyKHJyxb [stuk-euib, p -yji, -y,
[stukat^]
imp
2.
mation;
<> BBOAHTb B '-fi put into service / operation. CTpoHKla [stroyka] / -h, CTpoeK 1. building, constructpa66TaTb ing, construction; Ha ~e work on a construcbuilding under tion job; 2. construction. cxpoHHlbiH [stroynty] a sh -bi 1. slenf crpoeH, -a, -o, etc); {youngster, wellder -proportioned; 2. harmonious {system, etc). cxpoKJa [strAka] / -h, ace -y (CTpOKy), pi CTpOKH, ~, -aM line {of a text). cTpoH'iKa [stroch^ka] f -kh,
-eK
1. knock, tap, rap; col hit, strike; 3. {no imHyjio nHXbperf) col: CMv
AecHT he
is
fifty.
cxyKJaxbCH [stukattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiUbCH, cxyKH|yxbcji [stuknuttja] perf
imp
-ycb, -eiubCH, p -yjicH, -yjiacb, -HCb, -Hxecb col knock {against), bump {against);
HyxbCH rojioBOH o ;iBepb strike one's head against the

door.
cxyKHyxb
cxyji
see
cxyKHyxbCji
-bCB
1.
see
cxyKaxb^ cxyKaxbCH.
[stul] pi -bH, -a, chair {a piece of fur2.
niture);
med
1.
stooI{s). /
-h,
= cTpoKa.
cxyneHJb [stup'ên^]
pi -H, -eft etc); der,
CTpyKTypja [struktura] / -bi, structure {of an organiza-
tion, etc).
CTpyHJa [struna] / -bi, pi string {in musical cTpyHbi, instruments).
a lad-eft) 2. {pi gen stage {in development): cxynjaxb [stuchât''] imperf -y, -Huib, p -kn, imp -h, nolstep
{in
cxynaxb
1.
[pastuchât**]
perf
see rpycHTb. CTpyJM [struya] / -h, pi cTpyHM 1. jet, -H, CTpyH, ~h ceexa 2. spurt; fig: stream / beam of light;
cxpycHTb
knock, tap, rap; KOM bang one's

table);
2.
axb
fist
Ky.ia{on the
{of
perf) chatter teeth); make a noise {of
{no
an engine,
etc).
^ BHecTH }KHByK) K) fuie a new spirit {into);

spirit {into).
cxyH|axbCJi
[stuch^'attja]
-HiiibCH,
in-
imperf -ycb,
-ajiacb,
-ajicH,
put
CTyACHT
[studênt,
-d]
-HCb, -Hxecb, no;cxyMaxbCR [pastuch^'attja] perf knock, tap.
imp

CTbifl [stit, -d]
465
cyiK
-a
shame
embarrassment); noxepHTb ~ be lost to all sense of shame.

(a
sense
of
CTWAlHTbCM
imperf
-HJiCH,
[stidîttja]
cTbi>Kycfa,
-HJiacb,
imp
-HiubCH, p -HCb,
{of).
-Hxecb be ashamed
CTMAHO
predic it shameful;
impers [stidna] is a shame; it is eMy '- he feels

[s^t'agîvat'']
ashamed.
cTflrHBlaxb
inal); an omH6Ka miscarriage of justice; ~biM nopH^KOM in legal form. cyfljinb [sudît^] imperf cy>Ky, cyAHuib, p -hji, imp -H 1. law try; 2. judge {smth); HaCKOJIbKO OH MOJKex ~HXb to the best of his judgement; 3. sport referee, umpire; <> cyA no BccMy to all appearances. cyfl|Hxbcji [sudîttsa] imperf cy>Kycb, cyAHUibCH, p
-HJICH,
imperf
-aio,
-aeiiib,
cxsiHlyxb
-HJiacb,
imp
-HCb,
[s^f'i^nut^] perf -y, CTHHeuib,
p
{a
-yji,
imp
etc);
-H
2.
1.
tighten
-Hxecb be at law {with). cyAHlo [sudna] n -a, pi cyAa,
knot,
etc);
draw up
{forces,
3.
{one's clothes); 4.
col pinch, steal.
off pull {no imperf)

/
-bi,
cy666x|a [subota]
Saturday. cyG-bfRX
-a,
~
m
cyAOB naut vessel, craft. cyAopor|a [sudaraga] / -h, ~ cramp, convulsion. cyAopojKHlbiH [sudarazhnty] a sh f cyAopoHcen, -a, -o, -u convulsive, spasmodic(al) {also fig).
[subyekt, -gd] -OB 1. philos subject; 2. col fellow, person. cyrpoS [sugrop, -b] -a, -OB snow-drift. -a, -6b 1. cy;t [sut, -d] la\y-court, court; 2. trial {of a criminal). -a, -6b cyâK [sudak, -g] pike perch, zander. cyflaHJeu [sudanît^, -dz] -u,a, -ueB Sudanese.
cyAox6AH|biH [sudAkhodniy] a sh f cyAox6AeH, -a, -O) -m navigable {river, etc); --biH uiAioa shipping lock. cyAb6|a [sud^ba] / -bi, pi
cyAb6bi, cyAe6, cyAb6aM fate, destiny; cyAb6H Hap6A0B the fortunes of nations; <> KaKHiviH ~aMH? col fancy
meeting you!
cyAb|fl
[sud^'ya]
-h,
pi
cyAaHCK|HH [sudanskîy] a cyAbH, cyAeft, cyAbHM 1. judge; H arbitrator; -He Sudanese; Su- xpexeficKHH -an, -oe, danic. 2. sport referee, umpire. [sudêbniy] a cyfleSHlbifi cyeeepHlbiH [suyi^vêrniy] judicial {proceedings, etc); fo- a sh f cyesepeH, -a, -o, -u
rensic
{medicine, etc); court cjicacxbhc investigation, examination; ~oe lawsuit; paaSHpaxeJibCXBo '-UH nponecctrial (o/a crim{attr);
~oe
superstitious. cyexja [suyi^ta] / bustle, hustie.

-H,
-br
fuss,
cyiKAeHH|e [suzhdênîya] -H judgement, opinion.
cyxc
-~ 466
/ -h,
cywy [suzhu] see cyjmih. cynpyr|a [supruga] cywycb [suzhus*', -z^] see spouse, wife.
CyAHTbCH. cyK [suk, -g] m -a, pi cyqbH (-h), cyMbCB (-6b) bough. cyKHJo isukno] n -a, pi cyKHB, cyKOH, cyKHaM cloth, broadcloth; <> nojioHTb HTO-ji. nofl 6 shelve smth. pigeon-hole smth. cyMaciL'e;iiu|HH [sumAshetshiy] I a -an, -ee, -He mad, crazy {also fig); II as a noun cyMacuieîhIhh m -ero, -hx madman; cy M a cui e jimja H / -eft,. -hx
-a
cypryq [surguch**, -j^] m sealing-wax. cypoBJbiH [surovty] a sh f

-a,
^,
-0,
-bi
severe,
stern;
~biH KJiHMai rigorous climate; ~bie roAbi BOHHbi grim years

of the war;
life.
~aH
>KH3Hb hard
-v]
cycraB
[sustaf,
-a,
-OB anat joint. cyT|KH [sutkî] pi -OK day {twenty-four hours); Kpyrjibie KH round the clock. cyTOJioK|a [sutalka] / -h
commotion, turmoil.
cyxyjijbiH
\
^
madwoman.
cyMaxoxja
[sumAtokha]
f
fsutulty]
-a, -o,
-bi
a sh f round-shoulder-
-H bustle, turmoil.
cyMeplKH [sumîrkî] p/ -eK

twilight, dusk.
ed, stooping. cyTJb [sut^, -d'*] / -H essence, gist; crux, kernel {of
etc);
;iejia
cyMJeTb [sumêt^] perf -eio, a problem, no ~H -eemb be able {to do smth); manage, succeed {in doing of fact.
as a
matter
-a,
smth).
ey(J)jiep
[sufPor]
-ob
-a,
cyMJKa [sumka]
/ -kh,
etc);
-ok
bag
{for
shopping,
hand-
XOSHHCTSeHHaH bag; s.hopping-bag.
Ka
-h,
theat prompter. [sufîks] cy(i)(|iHKc -OB ling suUix.
cyMM|a [summa] sum, sum total. cyMpaK [sumrak,
/
-g]
^
-a
dusk. dark. cyMpaMHJbift [sumrach^niy] a sh f cyMpaqen, -a, -o, -bi 1. dark, dusky, cloudy; 2. fig gloomy, sulky. cyHAyK [sunduk, -g] m -a, -OB trunk, box, chest. cyn [sup, -b] m -a, pi -u, -OB soup. cynp^r [supruk, -g] -a, -OB spouse, husband.
[sukhar^] -h, dried crust. cyxloH [sukhoy] a -an, -de, -He, sh f ^, -a, cyxo, cyxH 1. dry {sand, climate, cough, dried, dry; 3. cold etc); 2. {reception, etc); dried-up {per-eii
cyxapjb
son).
cyxonyxHwii [sL'khAputnty] a land {attr) {forces, etc).

cyHbsi [sucb^'ya] see cyK. cyui|a [susha] / -h land {opposite of water).
cyme
xoH
[sush**^]
comp
of cy-
&
cor res p adv.
467
cxBaxMTb
cxo
see cxBaTbiBaxb
cyuieHbiH [sushonfy] a dry, dried. imperf cyui'iHTb [sushi t^] -hji, imp -h, -y, cyuiHinb, p Bbicyiij|HTb [vfsushit^] perf
-y,
-Hiiib,
&
XBax^xb I. cxeaxMXbCfl see XBaxaxbca. cxBdT|Ka [skhvatka] / -kh,

pi
-KH,
-OK
skirmish,
2.
close
-HJi,
imp
-H
dry
fight;
pyKonauiHaa Kahandpi
fit
{wet things, etc).
cymecTBeHHlbiH
s^t^vînty]
-a, -o, -bi
[sush'^:e-
ash f cymecxBen, essential, material; important, vital.

cymecTBHxejibHJoe
[su-
(of pain); -birth).
-to-hand fighting; labour
{of
child-
sh^'.i^s^t^vîtîPnaya] n -oro, -bix ling noun, substantive. cyiu,ecTB|6 I [sush^'.i'^stvo] n -a essence {of a matter, etc); to the point; <> no y 1) paccMoxpexb npej^jiojKeHHe no -y examine the proposal on its merits; 2) as a matter of fact, practically speaking. cymecTBJo II [sush^'n^stvo] n -a, cymecTB being, creature.
cxBaxbiBJaTb [skhvativat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, cxBaxjiixb cxsaqy, [skhyAtît*"] perf cxBaxHuib, p -HJI, imp -h 1.
cxcMJa [skhêma] / -bi, diagram, sketch, scheme, cxoAiHXb I [skhAdît^] imperf cxoscy, cxoAHUib, p -hji, imp -H, cohIxh [sAytî] perf -Ay, -Aeiub, p coiiieji, comjia, imp -AH 1. go down, descend;
snatch, seize, grip; catch {a disease).
2.
col
come down
off {a
{of
people); get
2.:
tram,
1)
etc);
cokxh
cymecTBloBaTb
VAvat'']
[sushîist-yio,
imperf
-yeuib,
be; --^yex MHeHHe, ^xo... there is

-oeaji,
-yft exist,
imp
an opinion that... [sush^mas^t^, cymHOCTJb

-z^d^] / -H essence, main point; B 'H, no CBoeft -^w virtually; (roBopfl) practi<> B 'H cally speaking. C(iep|a [s^'fêra] / -bi, sphere; b bhciuhx ~-ax in the higher quarters.
leave the road; HXb c 2) get out of the way; pejibcoB go /run off the rails, be derailed; 3. come off, peel off {of paint, dirt, etc); 4. col pass, go off successfully; Bce couiJio 6jiaroiiojiyqHo
c
AoporH
everything went off smoothly; be taken {for smb); <> ~MXb CO cueHbi leave the stage; hc h c iwecxa on the
5.
spot.
c(])opMHpoBaxb poBaxb.
see
4'opMHsee
[skhAdît^l cxoAlHXb II perf cxoJKy, cxoAHiub, p -hji, imp -H go {somewhere and

return); ~Hxb nocMoxpexb go and see; HXb aa qeM-ji. go and fetch smth.
c4)OTorpa^MpOBaTb
ô-
TorpacJjHpoBaxb. c(})oxorpa4)HpoBaTbc$i see 4)o-
Torpa4)HpOBaxbCH.
cxoA|HXbCfl [skhAdî'ttsaJ imperf cxo>Kycb, cxoAHiubca,
cxo
468
-6jiacb,
-HJiCH,
imp
-HCb,
HCCXH 3a
it
Ha
to
coH|THCb [sAytîs''] -HTecb, perf -Aycb, -AeuLibCH, p coluejicH, coiiiJiacb, imp -îkb,
-;iHTecb
2.
3.
down
cBoii
Ha
HCfO-JI. put smth; npHunxb take smth as re-
l.meet
meet,
{face to face); gather, assemble;
4.
intimate (with); agree (sy/Y/i smb in or about smth); coHXHCb bo mhcHHHX be of the same opinion;
fig
become
ferring to oneself. cnexMHK [sh*':6t^chîk, -g] -a, -OB technol counter; .sjickxpHqecKHH [rasoBbift] - electricity [gas] meter.
cHHxjaxb
-aK),
[shîitat*']
-aeiub,
5.
coincide, tally.
sh'':itat**]
imperf cojcHMxaxb [sacnecxb perf,

coqxy,
coHJia,
cxoactbIo [skhotjtva] n -a likeness resemblance; similarity (of qualities, etc). 1. cueHJa [stsena] / -bi, theat stage; 2. scene (of a play, etc); 3. col scene, row; ycTpaHBaxb --y make a scene.
[shîes^t**]
perf
cqeji,
co-
qxeuib,
imp
coqxH 1. (cocqHxaxb) count, compute; ~axb b yMe do mental arithmetic; consider, think,
~aex,
that...
qxo...
(cêcxb) believe; oh he believes

2.
[sh^:i^s^PiC4acTJiMB|biH vty] a sh f câcTJiHB, câcx.HHBa, CMaCTJIHBO, cqacTjiHBbi; 1. happy {childhood, etc); 2. lucky, fortunate; <> ~o ocTaBaTbcji! good luck! {said by one who is leaving).
1.
ciacTble fsh^:as^t'*ya] n -h happiness; 2. luck, good
fortune; <> K -K) fortunately; no lo as luck would have it; Hwerb ~e have the good fortune.
cecTb see CMHiaib 2. CHCT [sh^:ot, -d] m -a (-y), pi cqeia, cMexoB 1. calculation, count; BecTH ~ count, keep count {of); 2. bill, account;
3.
cHHxjaxbCJi [sh^:itattj9] imperf -aKDCb, -aeuibCH, noicMHxaxbCfl [pash^'ntattsa] perf into consid1. consider, take reckon {with); He eration, axbCH c KeM-ji. refuse to cons-ider smb's opinion; axo He ~aexcH it doesn't count; 2. {no perf) be considered/ reputed; oh --aexcH xopouiHM yqHxeJieM he is considered a good teacher. ciueft [sh'.ey] /mp o/ cuiHXb;
see uiHXb.
ciuHXb
cb...
see uiHXb.
see c...
c-beAJaxb [s^'yi^dat'*] imperf

-aio, -aeuib,
personal account; 4. score {in- a game); 5. mus tact, time;

< KpyrjiuM numbers; 3a
BOH
fin account;
JiHue-
cbcjcxb
-ex,
-Ji,
[s^yes^t**]
perf -M,
xe,
-flHx,
-ujb,
-AHM,
-lub
-jiyi-
imp
eat
(up).
^ OM ~ 1)
owing
in
in
round
at the ex-
[s'yi^dobnty] c'beA66HlbiH a sh f c-beAofieH, -a, -o, -m

eatable; edible. c-besA (s^'yest,
-zdj
pense
of;
2)
HewHOM
~e
to; b kothe end; ox-
-e,
469
-OB congress {of a party, etc); conference, convention.
cbipocT|b
[str^s^t^,
-H
rai
-z^d^]
dampness.
cbesAlHTb
perf
c'be3>Ky,
-H
[s^yez^d'ît^]
-Huib,
imp
p -aji, go (somewhere by ve-
hicle for a short time); make a short trip (to); ~HTb k poAHbiM go to see one's relatives.
cbipbje [sir^yo] n -h technol raw material(s). cbiTHlbiA [sttnty] a sh f cbixeH, -a, -bi nourish-o
ing,
satisfying,
filling;
~biH
f
o6kA substantial dinner.

CbiT|biH
-a,
cbeMJKa [s^yomkaj
-OK
2.
1.
-kh,
etc);
survey
(of land,
-o,
-bi
[sfiiy] a satisfied,
sh
^,
he
-a,
replete;
fill,
shooting {of a film). & see cbeâTb ecTb I 1. cbiBopoT|Ka [stvaratkaj / -KH, -OK 1. whey; 2. serum. cbirpaxb see Hrpaxb 2. 3.
OH
cbecTb
~' he has had his has had enough.
cbiii;HK [sfsh'':ik, -g]
-OB
detective,
plain-clothes
See
cbiH [sin]
-oBeft,
-a,
pi
-oBba,
man. CSKOHOMHTb MHTb 1, 2.

this
SKOHO-
-oBbHM son.
[slpat^]
cbinjaxb
imperf
-b
-jiio, -Jieuib, p -aji, imp pour (sand, flour, etc).
[sip^, cbinjb -b^j / -H rash, eruption, cbip [sir] -a, pi -bi, -ob cheese. cbiploH [siroy] a sh f ~, -a, cb'ipo, cbipbi L damp; sod-
cK)Aa [sûda] adv here, to place; no>KajiyHCTa, -^ this way, please. cK))KeT [sûzhet, -d] -a, -OB subject, plot. cK)pnpH3 [sûrprîs, -z] -a, -OB surprise (smth. unexpected).
cflAy [s^'aduj, câeuib [sâdîsh, -zh] 1st & 2nd per-
den (ground,
etc); 2. raw, uncooked; underdone; 3. fig raw (composition, etc).
sons of cecTb;
csiAb
[sât^,
see
ca^HTbCH.
-d^]
imp
oi
cecTb; see caAHTbCH.
xa
[ta]
xy, XOH, (o)
pron XOH
xoh,
xoh,
see xox.
-g]
xa6aK [tAbak,
-a (-y)
[taburêtka] / -OK stool (a seat without a back).

-KH,
xaeypexJKa
tobacco; tobacco-plant; hk)xaxejibHbiH snuff. xaSjiexJKa [tAbretk9] / -KH, -OK tablet (of medicine).
xaAJKHK [tAdzhfk,
-OB Ta(d)jik.
-g]
-a,
XaA)KUKCK|MM
sk'îy]
[tAdzhika -an, -oe, -ne Ta(d)ji.k.

I
xa6jiHi;|a
'*'
[tAbPitjal
-bi,
xas
[tas,
-z]
-a,
pi
-U,
table (of figures, etc).
-OB basin, wash-bowl.
ras
470
ras
-bi,
-z] II [tas, -a, pi -OB anat pelvis. TaHHCTBeHHJblH [lAin^S^t^-
xbi
it
He
in
CAejiaji
the Mx6-xo He
here;
it
a sh f TaHHCxBen, mysterious, secret; enigmatic.

v^'inniy]
-a,
-o,
-bi
3xo you did wrong way; aêcb smth is wrong
u m. n.\>
right,
am
roBopib [j\ejia]o I right [doing
etc]};
hmchho
xafi
[tay] see raHTb.
xafirla [tAyga] / -h taiga {dense forests in the north of Asia and the north-east of
exactly, just so; xomho in exactly the same way; -^ jih (3xo)? is that so?; ne jih? isn't that so?; y>Ke hosaho,
Europe)^
He
JIH? it's late, isn't
it?;
raHKOM [tAykom]
adv
se-
OH corjiaceH,
He
jih?
he
cretly, surreptitiously, on the ot kofo-ji. without quiet;
agrees, doesn't he?; 2. so, to such a degree; -- xewHo, ixo
smb's smb's
out.
knowledge;
back;
yftxH
/
-^
behind
steal
TaHHJa [tayna]
-bi,
1.
secret (of the -state, etc); secrecy; Bbi/taeaTb -y let out a keep secret; aepâxb b (smth) secret; ;toBepHXb cboh bi KOMy-Ji, take snib into
ê
2.
one's
confidence;
mys-
H HHqero ne BH>Ky it is so dark (that) 1 can't see anything; 3. without taking (necessary) measures; 6ojie3Hb He npoHAex -- the illness will not pass without proper treatment; sxo eMy ~' ne npoHAex he'll pay for it, he won't get away with it; -^ 9X0 He npoHAex the matter
will not
II
tery, secret;
TaHHwii
clandestine.
riddle. [tayniy] a secret,

-g]
I
enigma;
rest
there;
in
it
will
have grave consequences;

cj
1.
then,
that case;
safixpa
if if
raK
(in)
[tak,
this
[that] this, thus; cAeJiaftxe sxo
adv 1. so, He ceroAHH, way, like not today, then

the
tomorrow;
KaK OH
aeJiajix
do
it
~, exaxb way to go,
exaxb
let's;
we
so let's start
>Ke
was necessary; cflejiaft ~ do it in the same way; OH roBopHJi -', KaK 6yflxo...
it
he did it; oh ~ neji, qxo 2. so, then [in summing see BocxHmajiHCb HM he sang ~ xbi coFJiaceH? so do you every- agree?; 3. and, but; roBopHJi in such a way that body admired him; he sang so H, xbi He cjiymaji I told well that everybody admired you so, and you wouldn't qx66bi so as; him; oh roBopHJi , KaK listen; 4.: Hy>KHo he spoke the way / as ~ Mxo so tiiat; KaK as,
are go; up);
since;
III part denoting 1. indifference, lack of a definite attitude, etc: ^ô c xo66h?
he spoke as if /though...; nycxb Bce ocxanexcH let everything remain as it is;
TaK.
"What's the matter with you?" "Nothing in par-
471
TaM
ona He -ofl qejioRCK she is not the sort of person; refuse?" "Because"; 2. affir- <> Kxo Bbi --OH? who are mation yes; 3. restriction, you?; 4X0 ~6e? 1) what's the matter?; 2) sorry?; what emphasis: a h jtyiviaio, hto OH npae as to me I think he did you say?; what's that?; oe..?: qxo ~6e rois right; cMy Jier -- tpha- Hxo uaxb he" is thirty or so; poAKH? what is "gorodki"?; BOX ! 1) that's right!, HXO xyx ~6ro? col nothing that's the way!; 2) quite so!, unusual / extraordinary about even sol; -- box now then, it!; ~HM oSpasoM 1) in such well then, and so; -^--xo box a way; 2) parenth thus; flo cxencHH to such an so and that's that; h -- h --OH extent / a degree. CflK this way and that; h ~ xaKCH [tAksî] as it is; ~' m denotes intensin indecl fication: y Hee h jibioxch taxi(-cab).
noqeMy tm oTKaticular"; 3ajiCH? TaK. "Why did you
cjiesbi she's
of
tears;
shedding floods h ecxb so it
xaKx
-OB
[takt,
-gdj
-a,
~... H denotes disbelief, is; doubt: -^ OH 3T0 h cêJiaex! catch him doing it!, he'll do it, like hell!; h ne never (contrary to what was expected); Hex denotes indigna-
time, measure; tact; ox6MBaxb ' beat time; c6HXbCH c a get out of time.
mus
xaKx
tact (in
II
[takt,
-gd]
-a
tion:
dealing with people). xaKXHK|a [taktîka] / -h mil tactics {also fig).
Hex,
OH
He
corjia-
xaKXHHecK|HH
sk'My]
tactical.
[tAktîch'î-oe,
maexcfl but he won't agree, in spite of everything he Hasbieaedoesn't agree; MbiH so-called; xaK ce6e so-so, middling; not up to much. xaKJKC [tagzha] adv also, too, as well; either (in neg sentences); a h as well
a -an,
-He
mil
xaKXHHHlbiH [tAktîch^nty]
a sh
f
xaKxiiêH,
-a,
-o,
-bi
tactful.
xajianx [tAlant, -d] -OB 1. talent, gift; 2. a of talent, gifted person.

xajiHlsi
-a,
man
-h
as.
[taPiya]
-h,
[tAkoy] pron dem & def -an, -6e, -He 1. suchi MHe HpaBHx'cH He usexfai I like such flowers; ona ~a5i KpacHBan! she is so beautiful!, she is such a beautiful
xaKJOH
woman!;
that sort
2.
col
sort
of;
waist, waistline; xoHKan h njiaxbe b ~io slender waist a dress closely fitting in the waist. xajioH [tAlon] -a, -ob coupon (1) of a ration book; 2) a check).
of,
ropOAKH "gorodki"
3X0
like this /that;
TAM
that
[
[tam]
place;
adv
there,
in
in
is
Hrpa a sort of game;
-aH
place;
ibid;
/Ke
the
same
TEM
<>
H CHM
here and there;
,
472
^
~axb
HH
~ ~
HM
CHM neither here orHM
nor there; rê cj where (denoting position). TaM6m\Ha [tAmozhn'â] /

-HH,
KaiuxaHu m3 be a cat's paw. TACC ftass] abbrev (m) (= Tejierpa4)Hoe areHicTBo

along;
CoBCTCKoro
CoK)3a)
TASS
-eH custom-house.
[tanîtj, -dz]
1.
TaHJeu
pi
-ubi,
-ua,
(Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union).
-ueB
dance [on the
xaxapJHH
-HHa, pi
-an, -pe,
-bi,
stage, etc); 2. pi dance, dancing-party. -a, -ob TaHK [tank, -g]
-^
xaxapcKJHH
[tAtarîn] Tatar. [tAtarskîy]

/ -kh,
m
a
-ck
-ne Tatar.
mil tank, TaHKHCT [tAnkîst, -zd] m member of -a, -OB tankman,

a tank crew.
xaHJKa [tach^ka] wheelbarrow.
perf
TaHUJeBaTb [tantjAvaf*] im-yeuib, p -esaji, -yK), imp -yS dance {to music). TanoHJKH [tapach'^kî] pi -eK {sing TanoMK|a / -h) slip-
pers;
xapaKaH
sport shoes. ftarAkan]
-a,
-OB cockroach.
imxamlHxb [tAsh^'.it''] perf -y, xaiuHuib, p -HJi, imp -H a concrete action, movement in a definite direction 2, 3 [c/ xacKaib 1 1 2] 1. carry {a sack of coal, etc); drag, lug, pull [a heavy object over the ground); 2. col {things sometake carry, where); 3. col drag (smb); in-
TapejiJKa [tAr^'elka] / -kh, pi -KH, -OK 1. plate {a shallow dish); 2. plateful, plate (of); 3. pi mus cymbals; <> 6wTb He B cBoefi ~Ke col be not quite oneself, be out of sorts.
vite
4.
{smb
to the theatre,
etc);
urge {smb to come along,
etc);
xaw
-zh]
col steal, pilfer. [tayu], xaeiiib [tayash,

see xanxb.
xaK),
xaft,
xaHXb [tayat^j imperf xaeuib, p xaHJi, imp
TapH(J)
[tAr^'if,
-v]
-a,
-oB tariff.
xacKlaxb [tAskat'']
-aK),
imperf
IrAstayat^j pacjxaflxb perf melt, thaw; 2. {no perf) imI, pers: xaex a thaw has set in;
3.
-aeuib [cf xamHTb 1, 2, 3] 1. carry {a sack of coal, etc);
4.
fig melt away, fig melt {with
dwindle;
pleasure,
about {smth heavy); carry drag, lug, pull {a heavy obaib ject over the ground), BOAy fetch water; 2. col carry, take {things somewhere); 3. about / along; col carry
etc),
[tv^'i^rdMt''] imXBepH<y, -Hlllb, p -HJI, imp -H say / repeat over and over again, reiterate; o6 9xom jix Bce it's the talk of the
xBepA|MXb
perf
steal,
pilfer;
town
<> OH
can
Horn ~aex col he drag hardly himself

ejie
[village, etc]. xBcpflo [tv^'orda] adv firmpeuiHXb be dely, firm;
473
TCK
termined, resolve; - sanoM- & TBopor [tvorak, -g] m -a HHTb remember well; ~ cto- (-y) tvorog (a sort of dry, HTb Ha Horax be steady on granulated cream cheese). [tvorchîTBOpHecKJHH one's feet {also fig). TBepflibiif [tvôrdiy] a sh f skîy] a -an, -oe, -He creative. ', TBep;;a, TB6pHecTB|o [tvorchîstva] -o, -bi hard, 1, siiif (not soft); solid [not liq- n -a \. creation (the process 2. uid); firm, strong; fig of); creative work; Hap6;;Hoe firm, steadfast; unwavering; ~o people's art; 2. works (of
unflinching;
bift
jiyxoM un-
aH yeepeHHOCTb flinching; -bie anaHHH firm belief; sound knowledge; 3. stable

{prices, etc);
a writer). TBolfl [tvAya]

-eft,
pron
(o)
f
-eft
-reft,
-K),
-eft
(-eK)),
see
'-WH 3HaK hard sign <> Russian letter '5).

TBep/ibiH
{the
TBepjKe [tvôrzhi^] comp of & corresp adv. TBOJe [tvAyo] pron n -ero, -eMy, -e (-ero), -hm, (o) -cm see TBOH. TBOH [tvAi] pron pi -X,
-M, -'
(-x),
TBOH. Te [tê] pron pi Tex, tcm, Te (Tex), TCMH, (o) Tex see tot. T. e. Itoyes^t^, -z^d^] abbrev (=t6 ecTb) i. e. (=id est), that is, that is to say. TeaTp [tîâtr] -a, -ob theatre; onepHbift opera-house; '^ h khho stage and
-MH,
I
(o) -X
see
screen; <>
BOeHHWX
AeHCTBHH
TBOH.
tbo|h
corresp
/,
[tvoy]
to xbi
-PIM,
pron poss
-ero,
m
(O)
-eMy,
-H (-ero),
-CM,
TBO
your;
theatre of war; anaTOMiiHeCKHH -- dissecting-room. TeaTpajibHJbiH [f'lAtraPnty] a 1. theatre (attr), theatrical;

2.
TBoe
n,
TBOH
pi
fig theatrical, af-
yours; thy; thine; II as a noun tboh
fected,
pi -x
melodramatic. Te6e [tî^b'ê] dat & pr of

[tî^b^'a]
your people TBOplHTb

-K),
(relatives).
[tvArît**]
TbI.
imperf
-H,
Te6fl
gen
&
ace
-Kuib,
-HJi,
imp
of TbI.
cojTBOpHTb [sstvArît^] perf create, produce; 2. do, qyêca work make; --HTb miracles; HTb cy^H pacnpaBy administer justice. TBopJHTbCJi [tvArîttja] im1.
TCSHC [tez^'is, -z] -a, -Ob thesis (in argument). TCK [tôk, -g], TCKjia [t^'i^ksee Teqb I. xeKCT [têkst, -gzd] m -a, -OB text (of a book, etc); ' necHH words of a song;
la]
perf -HTCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb col happen, take place, go on; qxo aêcb ~-htch? what's happening here?; what's up?
noAJiHHHbiH
(text).
the
original
TBopor [tvArok,
-gi
m -a
(-y)
TCKCTHJlbBblH [f'i^ks^tîl''niy] a textile (attr).
TeK
474
npejiaHHbiM AymoH h be devoted body and

b MepHOM
TeKym|HH [tî^kush^:iy] a current (events, etc); [pa] present-day; <> MH pCMOHT routine repairs; CHCT account --HM current,
TejieBHACHHle
[tîlî^vî-
6bixb
OM
soul; jiepjKaxb
ill-treat.
~e
xejiocjioweHHle [tîbslAzhenîya] n -h build {of a person).

-hi
dînîya] n -h television. TejieBHsop [tîlî^vîzar] -a, -OB television set; cmotcol watch TV, see pCTb in; no y on television.
xejiflXHHJa veal.
[tî^Pat'îna]
I
xcM
[têm]
adv with
{wonse,
comp
II
so
much
comp:
Jiy^me
the
TCJierla [tî^l'êga] / -h, (horse-)cart, waggon.
better, etc);
cj
with
me,
hgm panbthe
earlier,
[tîlî^gramTejierpaMMJa ma] / -bi, telegram, wire,
the better;
Cojiee, Hxo... the more <> so as..., especially as... xeM II [f'em] I instr of TOT & to; see tot; 11 dat of Te; see tot. xcMJa [têma] / -m, subject, theme; topic.
cable.
xejierpacj)
[tîlî^graf,
-v]
-OB 1. telegraph; egraph office.

-a,
2. tel-
-CK
2.
TejiewJKa [tî^Peshka]/-KH, cart; handcart; 1. small

technot truck.
TeMH
[têmî]
pr
of
xe;
xejiCHloK [tî^l^dnak, -g] pt Tejiflia, tcjiht calf -Ka, {a young cow or bull).
xejiecfjoH
see TOT.
perf
[tîl'î^fon]
xeMHJexb [tî^mnêf'l imnoixeMHexb [pa-eex, t^'i^mnêt''] perf, cixeMHexb
-a,
-OB telephone; Me>K;tyrop6nHhiH '^ trunk-line; noAOHiri
K ~y answer the telephone; n03B0HHTb KCMy-JI. HO y
[s^t^'i^mnêt^l perf 1. (noxcMHCTb) darken, grow /become dark; 2. impers get dark; 3. (no perf) loom, be visible
(of
xeMHJbiH [tômnty] a sh f xejilo [têla] n -a, pi -a, xeMeH, xeMHa, tcmho (-o), -M body {1) of man; 2) TeMHbi (-bi) 1. dark (colour, a piece of tfiatter); xeep/ioe hair, etc); 2. fig dark, ob o phys solid; H;iKoe ~o scure, vague; ~oe mccto b phqs liquid; He6ecHoe '-o TCKCTe obscure passage in a heavenly body; text; 3. //^ suspicious, shady;
nonpocHTe, nok ~y FleTpoBa >KajiyHCTa, may I speak to Petrov, please; y a hullo {said in answering a telephone call).
ring
up;
smb
some dark object). xcMHOxja [tîmnAta]
-b'l
e in the dark, darkness; b dark; KaKan a! how dark it

is
here!
<>
~e
col
stout,
plump;
~oe
AeJio
fishy
business;

4.
475
xenjio
II
rep
fig
ignorant;
illiterate,
[tî^plo]
adv
warmly {also fig); uneducated. TeMn [temp, -b] m -a, -ob II impers predic it is warm; tempo, pace; B 3TCM najibTo ^ the coat I. rate, speed; -^ pocTa rate of growth; He is warm; eMy [efi u m. d.] CHH>KaTfa --OB keep up the he [she, etc] is warm. pace; 2. mus tempo. xenjioxla [tîplAta] / -bi
TeMnepaMBHT [t^'impî^ra- 1. phys m^mt, -d] m -a, -ob temper- thermal ament {a passionate dispo- the air,
sition).
heat;
unit;
etc);
3.
CAHHHua
2.
bi
{of
warmth
fig warmth;
affection;
aymeBHaH
a
-d]
TeMnepaxypja
tura]
/
-bi,
[tîmpîrA-
temperature;
warm-heartedness. xenjioxoA [fîpUkhot,

/
KHneHHH boiling-point; m -a, -OB motor ship vessel. xenji|biM [tôpUy] a sh f â 3aMep3aHHH freezing-point; y Hero a he has/ lencT, xenjia, -o (xenjio), -bi
-a
is
running a temperature.
(xenjibi)
\.
warm
{weather,
t6hhhc
[tenuis,
-z]
-a
tennis; HacxojibHbiH -' table-tennis. TeHJb [f'en^] / -h, -eft 1. shade {comparative darkness); H/noA-^bK) in the shade B
lukewarm {water, etc); 2. fig warm, cordial; affectionate; ~WH npHCM cordial /
etc);
warm welcome,
xepexb
[t^'i^rêt^]
imperf p Tep, xepjia, (o/); 2. shadow (/) from' an imp TpH 1. rub {one's eyes, object, etc; 2) a ghost, appa- etc); 2. rub, polish; 3. rub rition); Teaxp --eH galanty sore, chafe; 4. grate, grind. show; 3. fig vestige, shade, xepsjaxb [t^'i^rzat^] imperf shadow; hh ---h coMHeHHH -aio, -aeuib 1, tear / pull to not a shadow of doubt; pieces; 2. fig torment, prey b Ha Koro-ji. on one's mind. <> 6pocaTb cast aspersions on smb; jiepxepMHH [têrmîn] m -a, jKaxbcji B ~H keep in the -OB term {a special word), background /shade. [tî^rmomîtr] xepMOMcxp TeopeTH4ecK|MH [tîArî^- m -a, -OB thermometer. tîchîskîy] a -asi, -oe, -He xepMoc [termas, -z] m -a, theoretical. -OB thermos (bottle). Te6pH|a [tîôrîya] / -h, [tîrp'î^PixepnejiHB|biH -H theory. viy] a sh f --', -a, -o, -bi xenepb [tî^pêr^] adv now; patient {showing patience). at present; nowadays. [tî^rpênîya] xepneHHJe xenjijo I [tî^plo] n -a 1. n -H 1. patience, endurance; phys heat; 2. warmth, heat; forbearance; 2. patience, perABa rpa^yca -~-a two degrees severance; above zero, +2 C. nepenojiHHJio naiuy <> 10
xpy,
xpeujb,
rep
476
ero -â straw.

perf
it
was the
last
[tî^rpêt^] imTepnHUib, p -eji, imp -H 1. suffer, endure; 2. stand, bear, suffer, tolerate, put up with; H ero xepneTb He Mory I can't stand him; there's xepnHT BpeMsi <> plenty of time, there's no hurry; acjio hc repnHT the matter is urgent. TepnHM'|biH [f'i^rpîmiy] a sh f ^, -a, -o, -bi 1. tolerant, forbearing (person); 2.
-jiK),
Tepn|eTb
carriage is crowded; B 3T0H KBapxHpe this is too small for them; flat HM CHêxb they are sitting too tight; 2. it is tight; b njieqax it is tight across the shoulders. xecHoxla [tîsuAta] / -bi closeness, narrowness, smallness, tightness; KaKan -â!
the
HM
what
it
is
a cram!, here!
how crowded
tolerable,
bearable
(thing).
-bi,
Teppac|a
terrace.
[t^'i^rasa] /
xecHJbiH [têsniy] a sh f xeceu, -a, -o, -u (-bi) 1. narrow (passage, etc); cramped; small (room, etc); 2. small, tight (clothes, boots); 3. close,
TeppHTopHjfl [tîrîtorîya]
/ -H,
-ft
compact; ~biM cxpoeM shoulder to shoulder; 4. fig

close,
territory.
[teror]
intimate.
-a
xeppop
terrorism. Tep|jiTb
-Hio,
^bjej.b^t'']
-a terror,
xecxjo [têsta] n
dough,
[f'i^rât^]
-Heuib,
imperf noiTepaxb [p9-
paste; Cfl66Hoe o fancy pastry; cxaBHXb -o make dough.

-H,
perf lose (1) a book, money, etc; 2) one's sense of humour, patience, etc); shed
xecx|b [tês^t'', -z^d*"] m pi -H, -eft father-in-law
waste
--HTb BpeMH HHqero ue Heie you lose / miss nothing

leaves,
etc);
time;
bh
(wife's father). xexJKa [tôtka] / -kh, -ok aunt. xexpa;i|b [tî^trat^, -d^] /
-H,
-eft
by
<>
it;
He
~Tb
rojiOBbi
keep
-book, -book.
xexjji
1.
notebook, writingexercise book, copy-
one's head. Tep|Tbcsi [tî^râttja] imperf -Hiocb, -HeujbCH, noJTepqjbCJi [patî^râttja] perf 1.
col
[tôtâ] / -H, -eft aunt; 2. aunt, aunty (form of address); 3. woman,
be
be at a loss, lose one's presence of mind. TeccMlKa [t'î^s^'omka] /

/
get
lost;
2.
-KH, -OK tape, ribbon, braid. recHO [f'esna] I adv 1. tight, close(ly); 2. -fig inti-
dame. xex [têkh, -gh] gen, ace & pr of xe; see xox. xex... first element of compounds pertaining to "technology*', "technics":
xexMHHHMyM
mately; II impers predic
1.:
b Barone
[têkhm^'in^'imum] (required) minimum of technical knowledge.
477
[têkhnîk, -g] technician, mechanical engineer. xexHMKJa [têkhn^'ika] / -h 1. techniques, technics; HavKa H ~a science and engineering / technology; 2. technique 3. {method of procedure)', (technical) equipment; machinery; <> ~a 6e3onacHOCTH safety
-a,
THX
xHnftqeH, -a, characteristic.
-o,
-bi
xexHHK
-OB
a sh f
typical,
XHnoBOH [tîpAvoy] a standard {attr), model {attr), pattern {attr). [tîpAgraXHnorpa(i)M|5i fîya] / -H, -H printing-house, printing-works.
XHpa*
-a,
-eft
[tîrash,
{of
-zh]
drawing
B -^
a lottery,
etc);
arrangements. xexHHKyM [têkhnîkum]

-a,
<>
BUHXH
have served
one's time;
become superan[tîrash,
-OB junior college,

-ft
nuated.
TeHeHH|e [tî^chên^'iya] n
-51,
xHpaw
-a,
-eft
II
-zh]
1.
flow,
'-e Aeji course
course, run; of affairs; 2.
circulation a {of newspaper); edition {so many

copies).
{in
[tîre] n indecl dash writing). -a, -ob xHxyji [tîtul] title {1) of a nobleman, etc; 2) a title-page).
flow, current, stream; 3. fig current, trend, tendency; <> B ^-e during; for {some time). TCMb I [têch^] imperf leqeT, TCKyx, p xeK, xeKjia 1. flow, run, stream; gush, pour; KpoBb xeêx H3 paHbi blood oozing from the wound; is
xHpe
fMcJ)
[tîf,
-v]
Hocy xenex he has y Hero a running nose; 2. fig pass {of time); BpeMH xenex 6bicxpo [Me;i;ieHHo] time flies [drags on]; 3. leak, be leaky.
xeH|b
-eft
II
[t''ech^
j^] / -h,
typhus; CpwiuHoft typhoid fever; cunHoft -~- typhus. XHXJHH [tîkhîy] a -an, -a, -o, -h -oe, -He, sh f quiet {footsteps, etc); soft, 1. still, serene; low, gentle; faint; 2. quiet, calm, peaceful; 3. slow, unhurried; slack,
-a
med
leak;
Aaxb
~b
spring a
/
-h,
leak.
xemja [t^6sh^:a]
sluggish; OM <> b
jiMxcsi
OMyxe nepxH b6still
waters
run
mother-in-law (ziy//e's mother). xHPp [f'igr] m -a, -ob tigers xHHJa [tîna] / -u mud,
slime,
silt;
deep.
quietly,
I [tîkha] adv \. gently; sisoftly, 2. quietly, calmly, lently; peacefully; 3. slowly; slug-
xHxo
mire.
-a, -ob -b] type, class; model, pattern; species; 2. col fellow, char[t^'ip,
1.
XHH
gishly; 4. col; ~! hush!; 2) gently!,

II
1)
silence!,
1.
it
careful!;
is
acter.
impers
2,
xMflMHHJwM
[t^'ip'îch^nty]
!>
quiet;
predic the weather
i^
calm*
THUI
478
to II [to] pron n Toro, TOMy, TO (TOro), TeM, (o) TOM
see TOT.
THiue [tîshi^l comp of th-
XHH & corresp adv. THuiHH|a [tîshina]
-bi
quiet, silence; calm, piece; a H cnoKOHCTBHe peace and keep quiet; coS.riioAaTb quiet; keep silence.
~y
TKaHJb
1.
[tkan^]
fabric,
-h,
-eft
cloth,
MarasHH eft
2.
material; drapery shop;
-TO [ta] part 1. intens: 3Toro-TO H H xoTeji that's exactly what I wanted; b t6m-to h flejio that's just it; rê-TO OH ceftqac? where is he now, I wonder?; 2. forming indefinite pronouns or
hiol tissue.
TKalTb [tkat^] imperf TKy, (TKajia), -Jia TKeuib, p -Ji, imp TKH, COTK|aTb -JIH, -JIO [sAtkat^] perf-y, -eiub, p -aji,
-ajia
(-ajia), -ajio,-ajiH,
adverbs when added to kto, qTO, etc: kt6-to somebody, someone; rê-To somewhere,
in
some
place.
imp
-h
weave
-eft
(a cloth, threads).
TKan [tkach^, -j^] m -a, weaver. TKH [tkî] see TKaib. TKy [tku], TKeuib [tkôsh,
to66h [tAboy], toSojo [tAboyu] instr of th. Toeap [tAvar] m -a, -ob goods, wares; merchandise, commodity; npoôBOjibCTBeHHbie
bi
food-stuffs;
npo-
mate; companion {of a person); TO I [to] cj \. introducing colleague; ~ no pafioTe felthe main clause that follows low-worker, colleague; no a preceding clause of condi- opyjKHK) comrade-in-arms; 2. tion: ecjiH Te6e He xoneTCJi, Comrade {form of address). TO He xojxii Ty;ia if you are [tAvarîTOBapMmecKJMH unwilling, (then) you may sh^:iskîy] a -an, -oe, -He 1. not go there; paa Taw, to h comradely, friendly; 2.: -ân noHAy if so, then I shall go; BCTpeqa sport friendly match; 2.: TO..., TO... now... now...; MH cyfl comrades' <> sometimes... sometimes...; He court. TO..., He TO... either... or...; TOBapH|biH [tAvarnfy] a 1. He TO 3HMa, He to Becna half econ commodity {attr) {cirwinter, half spring; to jih..., culation, etc); marketable 2.: etc); ~bjft TO jiH... whether... or. .; {surpluses, <^ (aa) H to and even then; CKJiaji warehouse. OH npoqHTaji CTaTbib To.ibKO [tAgda] adv then Torfla o^HH paa, Aa h to 6er.io he (/) at that time; 2) in that read the article only once, case); and even then hurriedly. <> -^ KaK whereas.
-zh] see TKaxb. TJieJTb [tlêt^] imperf -ex, p -Ji i. rot, decay, putrefy; 2. smoulder {also fig).
MbimjieHHbie ~bi manufactured goods. TOBapHm,[tAvarîsh^:,-zh^:]
-a,
-eft
1.
comrade; friend,

Toro [tAvo] gen & TOT & to; see tot. TO ecTb [toyos^t^,
ace
479
TOJI
TOjiKHyxb see TOjiioTb. TOJiKJoBaxb [talkAval*'] im-z^d^] perf -yK), -yeuib, p -oBaji, imp -yft 1. interpret (the law, cj that is, that is to say. TOHte [tozha] I adv also, etc); jioHCHo ~0BaTb misintermake too, as well; either (in neg pret; 2. col explain, sentences); h [mh u m. d.\ clear; 3. col talk about, disso am [do, have, must, cuss; converse; ~OBaTb o ;;eneither am jiax talk business. etc] I [we, etc]; TOJiKOBJbiH [tAlkovty] a sh [do, have, must, etc] I [we,
of
etc];
xopom! col part: th you are a nice one, you are! toh [toy] gen, dat, instr
II
-a,
-o,
-bi
1.
intelligent;
bifl
sensible, qejioBCK a
man with
sian, etc]
good
2.:
head on
cjio-
his shoulders;
bift
&
pr. of Ta;
see tot.
Bapb an all-English [ali-Rusdictionary.
tok [tol<, -g] electr current.

-H (-H),
-eft
-a (-y), -ob
TOKaplb [toksr^]
operator."
pi (-eft) turner, lathe

-h,
~ SToro He BbiHêT -~y nothing come of it; 2-. {mostly pi) talk, rumour(s); perf -HTCH crowd, throng. TOJiCT|eTb [tAlstêt^] im<> c --0M intelligently, with sense; 6e3 xcjiKy to no pur- perf -eKD, -eemb, nojTOJicTeTb under- [patAlstêt^] perf grow fat. pose; B3$iTb B stand. TOjicrlbiH [tolstiy] a sh f thick TOjiKJaTb [tAlkat^] imperf , -a, -o, -bi (-bi) \. {book, etc); ~aH najiKa stout -aio, -aeuib, TOJiKH|yTb [tAlkwill
-a (-y), TOJiK [tolk, -g] pi -H, -OB 1. col sense {smth sound, wise, or reasonable), use, usefulness, utility; hto y? what's the use?; h3
[tolkam] adv col plainly, clearly; sensibly. TOJijOKb [tAloch^] imperf -Ky, -qeiub, -KyT, p -ok, -KJia, imp -KH, paciTOjioHb [rastAloch^] perf pound, grind; <> ~64b BOAy B cxyne beat the air. TOJinja [tAlpa] / -bi, pi TOJinbi, crowd, throng. TOjin|HTbCfl [tAlpîttsa] imTOJiKOM
nut^] perf -y, -eiiib, p -yji, stick; 2. stout, fat, corpulent; imp -H 1. push, shove; 2. fig <> an KHuiKa anat large incite, --aTb ua intestine. instigate; npecTynjieHne instigate to TOJiHJoK [tAlchôk, -g] -Ka, -KOB 1. push; jerk, jolt, crime. TOjiK|aTbc [tAlkattsa] im- shock; 2. fig impetus, stimuperf -aKDCb, -aeuibCH 1. push lus; 3T0 nocjiyjKHJio fljiH Her6 ~k6m it spurred him, (one another); He --aftcH!, ~aftTecb! He don't TOjime [t61sh'':i] comp of push!; TOJiCTbift ^ corresp adv. 2. col loaf /gad about.
TOJl
480
TOMy [tAmu]
TOJim,HHla [t9lsh^:ina] / -bi thickness (of a book, etc); 2. stoutness, corpulence. TOJibKo [tol^'ka] I part denoting 1. restriction, limitation only, but; 2, inten-îfi'-' cation'. KaKHX khhf hct y Hero! what books has he not!; KOMy ona He noMOrajia! whom has she not help1,
&
dat of tot to; see tot. TOH [ton] -a, pi -a (-u), -OB lone (/) mus, phys; 2) of
displeasure, etc, 3) in painting)',
<>
'ÔM
HHKc
1)
mus one
ed!;
'...
saqeM
[oTKyAa u
[where,
ni.
n.]
why
etc]
on
earth...; 3. prohibition, threat'.
nocMefi --! don't
you
'-
dare!,
lower; tone in calmer 2) tones {of the voice)', noBbi> cHTb raise one's voice; CHHSHTb / c6aBHTb sing small; nonacTb b - hit the right tone; xopoiuHH [AypHOHJ good [bad] form {of behav-
you dare!; B3HTb 3To! if

if
nonp66yH catch you
iour).
tohkIhh
-oe,
[tonkîy]
a
-a,
-an,
-o,
taking
it!;
this!,
just try to take
-He, sh f tohok,
thin {book, etc); fine, II cj \. introducing an ad- delicate; slender, slim; 2. delditional thought'. Mbi noHAeM icate, subtle; dainty; 3. keen Tyâ, HCMHoro oTAOxneM- {senses); 4. subtle {critic, aretc); we'll go there, --HH Ha6jiio;iaonly first tist, we'll rest a while; we'll go Tejib keen observer; 5. subtle, there after a short rest; 2.: shrewd, astute. '- Bbi yexaJiH, KaK oh no3Boton TOHHJa [tdnns] / -bi, HHJi hardly had you left when {one thousand kilograms). he gave us a ring; 3.: - 6bi TOHHejijb [tAnel**] -h, -eft Tynnejib. if only; ^ -^ HTO just now, just; imperf TOHlyTb [tAnut^] 'ero H BHAe.iHl col and -y, Tonemb, p -yji, imp -h, that was the last we [they, noiTOHyTb [patAnut^] perf,
-H
1.
etc]
saw of him! TOM I [tom] m

TOM
II
-a,
pi
of
-a,
-OB volume, tome.
y;TOHyi;b [utAnut^] perf 1. sink, go down {of a ship, etc); 2. drown, get drowned;
[tom]
pr
TOT
&
to;
see tot.
TOM|HTbcji [tAmîttja] imperf -jiibcb, -HiiibCH, p -hjich, -H.nacb, imp -HCb, -HTecb lan~HTbCH guish; pine {for); >Ka>KAOH 1) be parched with
thirst;
fig be lost. TOHbuie [ton^sht^] comp of TOHKHH & corresp adv.

3.
-jiK),
Ton|HTb I [tApît''] imperf Tonnmb, p -hji, imp -h
heat (a stove, etc).

II [iApîi^] imperf TOHHUlb, p -HJI, imp -H melt, render (down).
2)
fig
thirst
(for)',
for*
ToniHTb
-^HTbca no HCMy-ji. yearn smth.
-JIK),
481
trade
{attr);
TOP
commercial; merchant fleet; ceTb network of shops,
(|)jioT
TonJHTb
perf
-H,
-jiK),
III
[tAp^'it^]
im-
Tonumb, p -hji, imp noiTonHTb [patApît^]

1.
biH an
-a,
perf,
perf
2.
3.
[utAp'ît^j y.iTonHTb sink (a boat, etc); drown {a person, animal); fig col ruin. TonjiHBJo [topPiva] n -a
oil;
trading network.
TOprnpeA [tArkprêt,
-OB
-d]
(= ToproBbiH npe;tCTaBHiejib CCCP) trade representative of the USSR.

Toprnpe;iCTB|o [tArkprêtjtva]
fuel; >KHAKoe ~o fuel TBepAoe ~o solid fuel.
-a,
-^
(= xoproBoe
CCCP) USSR.
[tArzhe1.
pL T6noji|b [topal^] -h, -H, -eft poplar. -a, -6b Tonop [tApor] axe. -a TonoT [topat, -d]
npeflCTaBHTejibCTBO Trade Mission of the
TopmecTBeHHlbiH
BeH, -a, gala; 2.
-o,
-bi
s^'t^v^mnty] a sh f xopjKecTfestive,
etc);
footfall;
tramping, stamping;
solemn {pledge,
clatter {of hoofs).
ceremonial.
Tonxlaxb [tAptat''] imperf Tonqy, Tonqeiub, p -aji, imp TonqH 1. trample down; tread under foot; 2. col make dirty boots); {with one's feet, 3. fi^ trample, ride roughshod over. ToprjoBaTb [targAvat^] imperf -yK), -yeuib, p -oeaji,
TopmecTBlo [tarzhi^stvo] n
-a,
TopjKecTB
1.
festival,
fete;
0KTH6pbCKHe
{to
~a
October
celebrations
mark
an
anniversary the Great of October Socialist Revolution in Russia); 2. triumph, victory; 3. triumph, exultation.
TopMos [tormas,
pi
2.
-z]
-a,
imp
{in);
deal {in), trade iTade{with); sell {goods);

-yft
1.
-a,
-OB
-bi,
{pi
oeaTb
sell
2.:
technol brake; -OB) fig obstacle,

1.
onTOM
[b
posHHuy]
retail];
jxo
hindrance.
by wholesale [by
MarasHH
TopMoalHTb
[tarmAzît^]
yex
ceMH
(qacoB) the shop is open till seven p. m. TOprloBaTbCft [targAvattja] imperf -yiocb, -yeuibCH, p
-OBajicfl, -oBajiacb, imp -yflcH, -yH'recb 1. bargain, haggle; 2. fig col argue, wrangle.
Toprosleu
[tArgov^'itj,
-dz]
imperf xopMOJKy, -Hiub, p -hji, imp -H, saiTopMosHTb [zatarmAzît^] 1. technol perf brake, apply / put on the brake; 2. fig hamper, hinder, impede. Topon|HTb [tarApît^] imperf -JIK), TOpOHHrnb, p -HJI, imp -H, npJTOponHTb [patarApît^j perf 1. hurry, hasten, urge on; 2. {no perf) precipi-. tate, expedite. [tarApîttja] ToponlMTbCH
-ua,
-ueB merchant, dealer;

/
tradesman. ToproBJijji [tArgovPa] trade, commerce.

trader;,
-h
ToproBlbiii
[tArgoviy]
imperi
-jiibcb,
TopdnHuibca,
Top p
482
Ta KHHra that book; to okho that window; Te jho^h those people; hh hh ApyroH neither; h H Apyroft either, both; HJiH jipyroH either {one of two); TKe (caMbiH) the same; 2. the other; na TOH cTopone on the other side; 3. the right; ne to the wrong thing; ne coBce.M to not quite the right thing; not quite the same thing; KOTopbiH... the... 4.: ..., that...; 3T0 Ta KHHra, kotopyK) Tbi MHe o6emaji? is this the book (that) you promised
imp -HCb, -HJica, -HJiacb, -Hiecb, noixoponHTbCfl [patarApîttsa] perf be in a hurry, hasten. ToponjiHB|biH [tarApl'îviy] a sh f , -a, -o, -bi hasty,
hurried..
TOpneji|a [tArpêda] mil torpedo.
/
-a,
-bi,
Tppx
Top(|)
[tort,
[torf,
-d]
-ob
peat.
(big fancy)
cal<e.
-v]
-a
TOpHiaxb
-y,
[tArch^'at'']
imperf
-h p -aji, imp 1. stick out, stand out; show, be seen; 2. col stick {at home, ~aTb nepe^ rjiaaaMH etc); always be before smb's eyes;
-HUJb,
me?;
a noun to n Toro as II OH ~HT TaM UeJIblMH AHHMH 1. that, those; to 6biJi Tpy;;he hangs about the place for HbiH jieHb that was a diffidays on end. cult day; to 6bijiH TpyjxHbie TOCKJa [tAska] / -h 1. mel- flHH those were difficult days; ancholy, depression; anguish; c TCM with that; o tom about fact 2. boredom, tedium; HasoAHTb that; 2.: to, mto... the
death;
--y Ha Koro-ji, bore smb to yearning; 3. longing, a no poAHHe homesickness,
that...; what..., that which...;

III as part of cj: bmcctq Toro, MT66bi... instead of..,; c TeM, MT66bi... in order to...; so that...; that..., in order KaK... after... Toro, nocji'e {in clauses of time)-, j[o Toro, clauses before... {in KaK... of time); nepejx TeM, KaK... before... {in clauses of time); k ToMv jKe besides, moreover; into the bargain; h 6e3 tofo as it is; so... HTO... <> flo Toro..., mto that...; Ao TOFO :apKO, TpyAHO pa66TaTb it is so hot that it is difficult to work; TCM caMbiM thereby; hm to HH ce 1) neither one tiling nor the other; 2) so-so; hm
,
nostalgia. TocKjiuB|biH [tAsklîviy] a sh f '^, -a, -o, -bi dreary, dull; sad, melancholy; ~oe
HacTpoeHHe low spirits. TocK|oBaTb [taskAvat''] imperf -yvD, -yeujb, p -oâji, imp -yft 1. be sad / melanmiserable, 2. long (/or), miss; -~oBaxb no jiouy be homesick.
choly,
feel'
(for), pine
TOCT
TOT
[tost,
[tot,
toast (to
smb's
-d]
-zd] -a, -ob health, etc).

I
pron dem
(Toro),
Toro, TOMy, (O) TOM, Ta

1.
that;
tcm, TO n, TC pi /, CTOJi that table;
483
c Toro
rpa
HH
for
cero
all
of a
-i^]
adv
col exactly;
word
for
word, the exact replica of. soever. ToiuHJMTb ftAshnît^] imTOM'|HTb [tAchît^] imperf perf -HT, p -HJio impers: ero imp -H, [ee Li m. d.] ~ht he [she, -y, TOHHiiib, p -HJi, HaixoHHTb [natAch^lt^] perf etc] feels sick/ is nauseated. t6ii^|mm [t6sh^:iy] a -an, sharpen {a pencil, etc); grind
sudden;
no reason
what-
{a knife,
etc);
strop;
~HTb
-kh, speck);
-ee,
1.
-He,
sh f
^,
-a,
-e,
2.
-h
HHCTpyMeHTbi set tools. TOHJKa [toch^ka] /

-eK
1.
emaciated,
gaunt;
fig
col empty;
point (a
dot,
3. poor, (vegetation, etc).
meagre
-bi,
Ka
nepeceqeHHH
point
of
xpaela
xpaBbi,
'
stop; full intersection; 2. point (in writing); dot (in mathematics, etc); Ka c sa-
[trAva] grass;
pi
copHan
~a
weed(s),
-JiK),
HHTOH semicolon;
MepaiaHKH KHfieHHH boiling-point; 4.: orHesaH Ka mil fire emplace~Ka shop ment; ToproeaH (where goods are sold); US
store; stall (for selling things);
~Ka aafreezing-point; ~Ka

3.:
xpaB|MXb ItrAvît^] imperf TpaBHiub, p -HJi, imp -H,

[vttrav^'it^] perf
-HEIb,
Bbixpaelnxb
-JIK),
-HJI,
imp
-H,
saixpaBMXb
1.
[zatrAv^'it*']
perf
(BbixpasHTb) poison, exter-
minate with poison; 2. (33xpaBHTb) hunt (with horses,

hounds);
bait
(bears,
etc)\
<>
CTEBHTb
"i's"
KH
Haj^ H dot
and cross one's 3. (saxpaBHTb) fig persecute, "t's"; nonacTb b (caMyio) hound, bait. ~Ky col hit the nail on xpareAH|ji [trAgêdîya] / the head, the hit mark; -H, -H tragedy. CîDMHyxb C MepTBOH xparH4ecK|HH [trAgîch^'i-KM get going; Ka b Ky col skîy] a -an, -oe, -ne tragic,
one's
exactly, precisely. tragical. TGHHO I [toch^na] xpaKxop [traktar] adv -a, _pl exactly, precisely; correctly, -hi (-a), -OB (-6b) tractor; accurately; punctually; b Ha KOJiecHOM xoAy wheeled nnxb at five sharp. tractor; ryceHHqnbiH caterTOMHo II [toch^na] cj as if, pillar tractor. as though. -h, xpaMBaJH [trAmvay] TOHHibiH [toch^nty] a sh f -CB 1. tram, tramway; US ToêH, -a, -0, -bi 1. exact, street-railway; 2. tram-car; precise, accurate; -~bie npH- US streetcar. 66pbi precision instruments; xpaHCJiHUH|ji[trAnsPatîya] ~biH pacMCT BpeMCHH accu- / -H, -H transmission, broadrate timing; punctual cast; relay (of a broadcast). 2. (people). xpaHcnopx [transpart, -d] TOHb-B-TOHb [toch^ftoch'*, -a, -OB I. transport (the
Tpa
434
quire {time, attention, doing smth); Ha for
system and means of); trans rpysoB goods portation; traffic; 2. consignment, sliipment; 3. mil transport, train.' TpaHiuelfl [trAnsheya] / -h, -H mil trench. Tpan [t-rap, -b} m -a, -ob gang-plank, gangway; ship's
ladder.
etc,
3to
will
lot
~yeTCH MHoro
take a
of
it
jiener
it
lot
is
of
money, a
lot
money
required
a
for this,
requires
of
mon-
ey.
TpaT|HTb [tratît^] imperf Tpaqy, -Hiub, p -hji, imp -b, HCiTpaTHTb [istratît^] perf, noixpaTHTb [pAtratît''] perf spend, expend; waste {one's
time, etc). rpayp [traur]
ing.
TpeBorja [trî^voga] / -h, anxietyj Bbisbi1. alarm, Baxb ^y cause anxiety; 2. alarm, alert. TpCBOJKlHTb [trî^vozhit^] imperf -y, -Huib, p -hji, imp -b, BclxpeBOiKMTb [fstr'î^vozhit^] no|xpeB6}KHXb perf,
-^
-a
mourn-
[trêbavGTpeSoeaHHle nîya] n -h, pi -h, -h 1. demand {an urgent request); claim {for redue); smth rightfully
[patrî'-Vozhit''] perf 1. (BcxpeB6>KHTb) worry, trouble, cause anxiety; 2. (noxpcBOJKHXb) disturb, bother.
xpeB6H|biH [tr^'i^vozhniy]
a sh f xpeBOJKeH, -a, -o, -bi 1. anxious, uneasy, troubled; 2. disturbing, disquieting; alarming. xpe3B|biM [tr^'ezviy] a sh f -a, -o, -bi sober {]) not drunk; 2) fig temperate, sen-
quirement; HenoMepHbie ~h exorbitant demands/ requirements; no ~io Koro-ji. at smb's demand / request; ociaHOBKa no ~io stop by request; 2. {mostly pi) aspirations.desires; 3. order, requisition {for equipment, etc).
sible).
Tpe6oBaTejibH|biH [tr^'ebavatîl^niy] a sh f rpefioBa-0, -bi exacting, TCJieH, -a, fastidexigent; particular,

ious.
xpcM [trôm] dat of xpn I. xpeMCxaM [trômstam] dat

of xpHCxa. xpcMfl [trî^mâ]
instr of
xpH I. xpcMJicxaMM
m'î]
TpeSjoBaxb [trêbavat**] imperf -yK), -yeiub, p -oBaji, imp -yft, noiTpeSoBaTb [pAtrêbavat*'] perf 1. demand; 2. require, call for; 3To -~yeT
[trî^m^'astainstr of xpricxa.
[tr^'en'îya]
xpeHH|e
pi -H, -H
2.
1.
-h,
friction,
rubbing;
friction,
{mostly
pi)
fig
conflicts, clashes.
BpeMCHH
imperf
it takes time. Tpe6|oBaTbCfl [tr^'ebavattja]
xpeHHp|oBaxb
vat'']
[tr''m*'irA-
imperf
-yK),
-yft,
-yexcH, p -OBajicH, -oBajiacb, noiTpefioBaTbCfl [pAtr^'ebavattja] perf need, re-
-OBaji,
imp
-yemb, p HalxpeHMpoper^
Baxb
[natr^mîrAvat^]
train (sportsmen, etc).
485
m
-a,
TpH
-ob
TpeHHploBaxbCJi [trînîrAvatts8] imperf -yiocb, -yembCH, -OBajiacb, imp p -OBajicH, -yftcH, -yHTecb, HairpeHMpoBETbcsi [natrînîrAvattsa] perf train (oneself), be in
training.
-g]
math
trian-
gle.
perf
-aji,
TpeneTJaxb [trîp**i^tat*']/mTpenemy, xpenemeuib, p
xpex [trôkh, -gh] gen, ace of xpH I. xpex... element of first compounds pertaining to three: xpexcMeHHbiH [trôkhs^mênnty] three-shift {attr};
& pr
imp TpenemH
1.
flutter,
xpexcjiojKHbiH [trôkhslozhniy] trisyllabic.
thrill;
palpitate, beat; 2. tremble, axb or paquiver; flocTH [oT yjKaca] thrill with
xpexcox
of xpHcxa.
[trôkhsot-, -d]
gen
joy
KCM-Ji.
[horror];
aib
in
xpexcxax [trôkhstakh, -gh] nepe^ pr of xpncia.
tremble
smb's pres-zg]
xpem|axb
perf -y,
[trî^sh^: at^] im-
ence.
-Hiiib,
-aji,
imp
-h,
xpecK
[trêsk,
-a
crash, crack, crackle; OM npoeajiHXbcsi col <* c fail ignominiously, turn out
complete xpecKJa
fiasco.
[tr^'i^ska] /
-h
cod
(-fish).
xpecHJyxb
-y,
1.
[trêsnut^] perf
p -yji, imp -h crack {of an egg, cup, etc);

-euib,
burst
2.
{at the seams, etc); col hit hard, strike; 3. see

-zd]
I. {no perf) crack, crackle, creak; 2. {no perf) fig col chatter, jabber; 3. col be on the point of collapse; <> rojiOBa ~Hx col I have a splitting headache; ~axb no BCCM uiBaM col be going /falling to pieces. xpemMHia *[trêsh^:ina] / -bi, 1. crack, split; fissure,
xpecH|yxb -ex, p -yji
[tr^'esnut^]
perf
cleft;
rift.
2.
fig split,
breach,
xpeinaxb 3. xpecx [truest, -OB econ trust.
-a,
xpH
xpeM,
[trî]
xpexlHM
ord -bH, -be, HH TOA he

year; y^ce past two;
II
[tr'etîy] I num -bH third; eMy is in his third
(xpex), xpex three.
num
card xpex, xpeMH, (o)
--hh
qac
it
is
as
a
-HX
noun
third
xpexbje n
course,
des-
-ero,
sert;
<0>
H3 bHX pyK indirectly. xpexjb [tr^'et^, -d^] / -h, pi -H, -efl a / one third; abc -^H two thirds. TpeyrojibHMK [trîugoPn^'ik,
II [trî] see xepexb. xpHfiyHJa [trîbuna] / -bi, 1. platform, rostrum; 2. fig tribune; stand {at 3. a stadium). xpH6yHaji [trîbunal] m -a, -OB (military) tribunal.
XpH
num
[tr^'ittjatty} xpHAUax|biH ord thirtieth; -^bie roAU
the thirties.
num
xpHAuaxlb card -h,
[trîttjat^,
-hK> thirty.
-d^l
TpH
[trîko]
{a
486
xpocxHHK
xpHiKflbi [trîzhdi] adv three times, thrice.
-a,
xpHKO
1.
tricot
(a
n woollen
indecl
cloth);
[trAs^nîk, -g]m -OB hot reed, rush; ~ sugar-cane. <> caxapHbiH
pair of) tights; (stockinet) knickers. TpHKOTajKHJbitt [trîkAtazhniy] a knitted; ~bie HSAejiHH knitted wear. [trînatts8TpHHafluaxbiH
2.
xpoxyap [trafuar] -a, -OB pavement; US sidewalk.

xpy [tru], xpeuib -zh] see xepexb.
xpy6|a
xpy6bi,
etc);
2.
[trôsh,
-bi,
[truba]
1.
pipe,
{of
pi tube;
tiy]
ord thirteenth. TpHHa;m,aT|b [trînattsat^, -d^] num card -h, -bio thirteen.
num
chimney; funnel BOAOCTOHHan
a ship,
gutter;
trumpet; horn; <> BbiJiexexb B -^y col smash.

1.
mus
go
TpMcxa [trîsta] num card TpexcoT, TpeMcxaM, -~ xpeMHcxaMH, xpexcxax three (o) hundred. xpHyMtf) [trîumf, -v] m -a,
,
xpy6|Ka [trupka] / -kh, -ok (small) tube {of metal, etc);
-OB triumph;
~om
in
tri-
umph; with
signal success. xporaxejibH'ibiH [trogatîl''niy] a sh f xporaxejieH, -a, -o, -bi touching, moving; pathetic.
2. (telephone) receiver; 3. tobacco-pipe. xpy A [trut, -d] m -a,' pi -bi, -OB 1. labour, work; oxpana ~a labour protection;
2. (mos^/i/ p/) trouble, effort, pains; 3. (scientific) work;
<> c
6e3
~6m
xporlaxb
[tro'gat^]
imperf
Ha
ble.
a without effort; with difficulty; esnxb the trouce6 -^ take

p
aio, -aeiub, xpoHJyxb [tronut^] perj -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -b 1. touch {with the hand); 2. bother, disturb; He aft ero leave him alone; 3. fig touch, move, affect;
xpyAJHxbCfl [trudîttja] imperf xpy>Kycb, xpyAHuibCH,

-HJicH,
-HJiacb,
imp
-HCb,
~axb AO
xpole
-HX,
cjie3
move
to tears.
-Hxecb work {at smth); toil, labour; <> He ~Hxecb! don't bother!
[troys] num collect -HM, -HX (-e), -HMH, (o)

three;
xpyAHJwH [trudniy] a sh
xpyAen,
-a,
-o,
-bi
-Hx
m^
Bcex
~hx
three-
(-bi)
f diffi-
for all
three.
cult, hard;
arduous.
xpOHHOH [trAynoy] a
fold,
triple.
xpojiJiefiSyc [trAJêybus, -z]
-a,
-OB trolley-bus.
-kh,
xpoHyxb see xporaxb. xponHHina [trAp^'inka]/

-OK path(way).
[trudAvoy] a xpyAOBJOH {population, etc); working ~bie AenbrH labour (attr); ~bie money; hard-earned noABHTH feats of labour, ~afl KHHJKKa work-book <>
{service record).

TpyAOJAeHb [trudAdên^]
487
TpK)M
[trûm]
TyA
-a,
-ob
workday unit -AHH, -AHGH (on collective farms). [trudaTpyflocnoc66H|biH spAsobniy] a sh f Tpy;;ocnoc66eH, -a, -o, -bi able-bodied, able to work. Tpyjim|HHCji [trudâsh^:iys^9] [pa] I a -ancH, -eecH, -HecH working {masses, etc); II as a noun Tpy;;Hm|HH-erocH, pi -hcch, -hxch c H ^worker, working person; pi working people. TpyiKeHHK [truzhanîk, -g] -a, -OB toiler. Tpyn [trup, -b] -a, -ob dead body, corpse; carcass
naut hold. TpHn|Ka [trâpka] / -kh, pi 1. -KH, -OK rag {of cloth);
duster;
ery;
pi col clothes; finmilksop, spineless person.

2.
3.
col
TpHCJTH [trî^s^tî] imperf

-y,
1.
-emb, p
^,
-Jia,
imp
-h
shake
{a tree, one's head,
etc);
2. impers: ero xojioAa he is shaking ing with cold; ero

is
-eT
/
ox
shiverer ox
cxpaxa he
fear;
etc).
3.
trembling with col jolt {of a wagon,
{of
an animal). Tpynnja [truppa]
-w,
troupe,
etc).
company
{of actors,
Tpyc [trus, -z] m -a, -ob coward. TpycHK|H [trusîkî] pi -ob shorts; bathing trunks. -~XHCb Ha^ KaTKAOU KOneHKOH Tpyc|HTb [trusît^] imperf grudge every penny. Tpyiuy, -Hmb, p -hji, imp -b, xy [tu] dat of xa; see xox. ciTpycHTb [strusît^] perf be xyajiex [tuAPet, -d] m -a, afraid, fear, dread; be fright- -OB 1. dress, attire; 2. toilet,
ened. TpycjiMBlbiH [trus^Piviy] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi cowardly; timid, faint-hearted. TpycocT|b [trusas^t^, -z^d^]
/ -H
Tpjic|THCb [trî^s^t'is^] /mperf -ycb, -euibcn, p xpHCCH, -jiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb 1. shake {with laughter, etc); 2. tremble, shiver, quiver; OH Becb excH he is trembling all over; 3. be jolted, jog; 4. fig col: XHCb na^ pe6eHK0M dote on one's child;
dressing;
3.
dressing-table,
toilet-table; 4. lavatory, water-closet; public convenience.
xySepKyjies
-z]
[tubîrkuPos,
cowardice,
cowardli-
ness.
tuberculosis. xyrjoH [tugoy] a -an, -6e, -He, sh f ^, -a, -o, -h tight,

-a
Tpyc|bi [trust] pi -6b shorts;
taut;
bathing trunks.
<>
/
-bi,
/
OH
Ha yxo
col
hard of
^ 1. slum; 2. out-of-the-way remote place.

TpioK [trûk, -g]
trick, stunt.
TpymoSja [trush^:6ba]
hearing.
-a,
-ob
xyaa [tuda] adv there, to that place; h cK)Aa hither and <> thither; hh ~ hh ciOAa neither
rym
here
nor
488
yro.1
way nor
there, neither one" <> '-OH the other. angle.
math
obtuse
/
-bi,
Tysce [tuzhi^]
comp
of ly-
xyp6HH|a
[turb'îna]
roH & corresp adv. xyseMJei^ [tuzêmîts, -dz] m -ua, -ueB native, indigene. TyjioBMmje [tul9vîsh^:8] n -a, -- trunk, body.
xyjiyn [tulup, -b]
turbine.
xypeuK|MH
-an,
-oe,
[turêtskîy]
-zd]
a
-a,
-He Turkish.
[turîst,
xypHcx
-OB tourist; hiker.
-a, -ob
sheepskin
(coat).
TyMaH
[tuman]
-a,
-oe
mist, fog, haze; b <> y Hero
xypKMCH [turkmên] ni -a, Turkmen. [turkmênxypKMCHCKJHH skîy] a -an, -oe, -ne Turk-OB
rojioe^ his e rjia3ax a mist before one's eyes.
mind
is
in a
fog;
sh
TyMaHH|biH [tumanniy] -a, -o, f TyManeH,
a
-bi
1. misty, foggy; 2. fig obscure, vague, xyHflpla [tundra] / -bi tundra {the vast, level, treeless arctic replains of the gions).
men. xypHHp [turnîr] m -a, -ob tournament. xypjOK [turak, -g] m -Ka, -OK Turk. xypHaH|Ka [turchânka] / -KH, -OK Turkish woman; Turkish girl.
xycKjilbiii
[tuskliy]
-bi
1.
a sh f
~,
2.
-a,
-o,
dim, dull;
fig dull, dreary.
xyHHclei; ftunîsîtj, -dz] -ua, -ueB Tunisian. xyHHCCK|HH [tunîsskîy] a -aH, -oe, -He Tunisian. -h, xyHHCJiIb [tuneP] -eft tunnel; subway {for pe-
[tut, -d] in this place;
xyx
adv col here, kto ? who's
there?;
<> ~ e on the spot; there and then; He ^-xo 6biJio nothing of the kind.
destrians). xynHK [tupîk, -g] -OB 1. blind alley; blind alley, impasse,
lock;
aaBecTH
pi -ejib [tufPi] xy(j)|jiH {sing Ty^ji\n f -h) shoes; ao2. fig MaiuHHe --J1H slippers; JiaKHdead- poBaHHbie ~JiH patent-leather kofo-ji. b ~ shoes; saMuieBbie --jih suede
-a,
a blind alley; shoes. (no)cxaBHXb Koro-Ji. e ~ xyxjilbiH [tukhliy] a sh f nonplus smb; cxaxb e ~ be ~, -a, -o, -bi rotten, bad,
lead
smb up
-0"
nonplussed. xynjOH [tupoy] a sh f , -a, -o, -bi 1. blunt {knife,

pencil, etc); 2. stupid, slovv-witted; narrow-minded; ~6fl qejioBeK dullard; 3. dull
ifiain, etc);
addle(d).
xyxH|yxb I [tukhnut''] imperf -ex, p xyx (-yji), xyxjia, noixyxHyxb [pAtukhnut''] perf go' out {of fire, lights).
perf
xyxHJyxb II [tukhnut''] im-ex, p xyx, xyxjia, npoj-

TyxHyxb go bad, xynja
1.
489
T5I3K
[prAtukhnut^]
rot.
perf
[tuchâ] / -h, (black) cloud; 2. fig swarm, host; cloud (of dust, etc). Tyui|HTb [tushit^j imperf -y, TyiuHiub, p -HJi, imp -h, noJTyuiHTb [p9tushft^] perf put out, extinguish; col turn
off {the light).
TbMJa [t^ma] / -bi darkness (also fig); KpOMeuiHan ^Si <> darkness.
TK)K
dark,
pitch
-a,
[tûk,
-g]
-6b
(of
-a,
package,
goods).
TiojieH|b
bundle;
bale
[ch^sh^:aTmaTejibHJbifi tîPnty] a sh / Tmarejien, thorough; -bi careful, -a, -o,
[tûlên^] zool seal. TtojibnaH [tû^l^^pan] -OB tulip.

-eft
m m
-bi,
-a,
TiopbM|a [tûr^ma] /
pi
an
noAroTOBKa
thorough
propensity (to). TnrocTH|biH [tâgasniy] a sh f THFOCTeH, -a, -o, -w futile. TH [ti] pron pars sing 2nd painful, distressing; burdenperson Te6a, Te6e, Te6H, to- some, onerous, wearisome. 66h (to66k)), (o) Te6e you; TJiroTlHTb [tîgAt^'if'l i^' roTOB? are you perf -Huib, p -HJI, imp -h be Tbi thou; 6hiJio jipua you a burden, oppress, weigh ready?; Te6a hjio weren't in; y ledn ecxb pyq- heavily; oAHHOMecTBO Ka? do you have a pen?; ohh ero his loneliness Oppressed aaHHMajiHCb y Te6H? did they him. TSirOTlHTbCil [tîgAtîtts9] study at your place?; Te6e xojioAHO? are you cold?; h imperf inromycb, -HiiibCH, p -Hjiacb, Te6fl BHAeJi I saw you; kto -HJiCH, imp -HCb, 6biji c to66h? who was with -Hxecb feel (smth, smb) as a you?; Mbi roBOpHJiH o Te6e burden. we spoke about you. TsiKCjio [tîzhi^lo] I adv 1, TbiKB|a [ttkva] / -u pump- heavily (burdened, etc); 2. kin. seriously, gravely: dangerTWJi [tH] m -a (-y), pi -bi, ously, badly; eMy -OB mil rear. impers predic: Tbic5iH|a [tfsâchâ] -h, 1) he feels miserable / wretchinstr -eft (-bio), pi -h, ~ I ed; hard / painful it is 2) nam card a / one thousand; for him (to do smth). II / a thousand; [tî^zhoUy] a T$iiKeji|biH ~h jhoach --', thousands of people. THiKeji6, sh f TflJKejia,
(to),
preparations. [ch^sh^-.i^TmecjiaBH|biH slavnty] a sh f imecjiaBeH, -a, -o, -bi vain, vainglorious. TmeTH|wH [ch^sh^:etniy] a sh f TmereH, -a, -o, -bi vain,
TK)pbMbI, TK)peM, TibpbMaM prison, jail. THrja [tâga] / -h 1. technol traction; thrust (of rockets); 2. thirst (for), craving (for); 1)ent (for), inclination
T533K
490
impers: ox okoh THHer x6draught from the windows; 6. impers long (for), feel an inclination (towards); MeHH thhct
Tyi>KeJibi
2.
1. heavy, weighty; difficult; heavy, hard, 3. heavy, severe (punishment, etc); ~oe HcnbixaHHe ordeal; (illness, grave, serious 4.
5.
jioflOM there is a cold
etc);
~biH
blow; 5. distressing, painful (thoughts, etc); ~oe qyecTBo misgivings; 6. difficult

(people). Tfl)KecT|b / -H, -eH 1. phys gravity; 2. heaviness, load, weight; 3.
AOMOH I feel like going home; I'm homesick; ero THHei k ApysbHM he misses his friends' company; <> yxb Ha 6yKCHpe tow; [tâzhas^t^, -z^d^] yrb BpeMsi drag out time;
y;âp
terrible
resort
weight,
burden.
delaying tactics; sa jisbiK col make (smb) say smth; ~yxb KaHHto
yxb
TfljKKJHH [tâshkîy] a -an, -a, -o, -oe, -He, sh f TH>KeK, -H 1. heavy, hard (work, etc); 2. serious, grave (crime, dispainful, disease, etc); 3. tressing. TjiH|yTb [tî^nut^] imperf
-y,
1.
xeJib col procrastinate.
THHeiiib,
-yji,
imp
-h
pull, draw; drag, haul; 2. lay (a cable, etc); 3. delay, yib protract, procrastinate; c oTBeroM delay one's answer; He ~h! hurry up!, be quick!; 4. col make go, force to go;
x5iH(yxbCJi [tî^nuttja] imperf -ycb, xflHeuibCH, p -yjiCH, -yjiacb, imp -HCb, -Hiecb, noixMHyxbCfl [p9tî^nutts9] perf 1. (no perf) stretch, extend; 2. (no perf) stretch (of rubber, etc); 3. stretch one(no perf) drag on, self; 4. last a long time; hang heavy (of time); 5. reach out (for), stretch one's hand (for); 6.
(no perf) move slowly; 7. (no perf) strive (after), aspire (to).
y [u] prep with gen denoting 1. proximity: cxoHXb y cxeHbi stand by the wall, stand at the wall; y caMoro
MopH
close to the sea; 2. possession: y Hee ceexjihie sojiocbi she has fair hair; y Me-
Hex BpeMCHH I have no time; y Hero 6ojihx roJioBa he has a headache; 3. living
HH
at
smb's
place,
in
smb's
^HXb y poOTxejiefi with one's parents; ocxaHOBHxbCH y ApyseH put up at one's friends, stay with one's friends; nac 1) at our y in our country; y place; 2) ce6H (iioMa) at one's place, at home; 4. source or origin: ysHaxb mo-Ji. y Koro-Ji. learn smth from smb; Kynnxb qxo-ji. y Koro-Ji. buy smth from
care, etc:
live

smb;
491
y6o
y 6yKHHHCTa aright of sanctuary; 2. mil second-hand book- shelter, dug-out. y6eH [ubêy] imp of y6HTb; shop; npocHTb noMomn y- kosee y6HBaTb. ro-Ji. beg smb for help. ySepH [ubî^rî] imp of y... pref of verbs denoting yfipaxb; see yCHpaxb. 1. movement away from smth: ySepy [ubî^ru], y6epeujb yrHaxb [ugnat^] 1) drive away
KynHTb
buy
at a
(cattle, etc);
etc);
2) steal (a car, yjieTeib [uPi^têt^] fly
2. off / away; leave by air; covering all over, completely: ycbinaxb [usipat^] strew [with), bestrew {with); 3. the
yKpacxb perfective aspect: [ukras^t^] perf of Kpacib. ySerjaTb [ubî^gat^] imperf

-aio,
[ubî^r^6sh,-zh] 1st & 2nd persons of y6paxb; see y6Hpaxb. ySHBJaTb [ubîvat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, ySHXb [ubît^] perf y6bK), y6bemb, p y6uji, imp y6eH 1. kill (a living being); murder, assassinate; 2. fig col waste (time, money, etc);
-aeiiib,
ySemjaTb [ubî^-
zhat^] perf y6ery, -Huib, y6eryx, p -aji, imp y6erH 1. run
<>
3xa
Mbicjib
--aex
Menn
away, make off; 2. escape (from prison, etc); 3. col boil over (of milk, etc).
ySejiHTejibRJbiH [ubî^dîtîl^niy] a sh f ySeAHTejien,
-a,
-o, -bi 1.
2.
the thought breaks my heart. y6HHcxB|o [ubîystva] n murder, assassination; -a,
manslaughter.
y6HHu,la [ub'îytja]
-bi,
m &
killer (a person);
[ubîrat'']
mur-
convincing, conearnest
(request,
derer,
-aio,
assassin; murderess.
clusive;
etc).
ySe^HTb
see ySeJKAaTb.
y6e)KaTb see ySeraxb. y6e)Kfl|aTb [ubî^zhdat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, y6e;ilHTb

[ubî^dît^j perf -Hiub,
imperf y6p|axb [ubrat^] perf y6epy, y6epemb, p -aji, -ajia, -ajio, -ajin, imp y6epH take away, carry away; 1. take out of the way; put
-aeiub,
y6Hp|axb
-hji,
away
(hide);
axb
co cxoJia
imp
the suade, induce. y6e)KAeHH|e [ubî^zhdênîya] n -h, -h 1. persuasion (the process of); 2. belief, conviction; ;êHCTBOBaTb no ~K) have the courage of one's convictions. y6e)KHm|e [ubêzhish^:a] n
-a,
-H 1. convince necessity, etc);
(smb of clear the table; ~axb Bemn 2. per- Ha Mecxo put things in place;
crops); put (a
harvest, clean; do; room, etc) in order; ~axb nocxejib make the bed (after it has been used); 4. decorate, adorn.
2.
gather
3.
in
(a
tidy,
ySHXb see y6HBaxb. ySorJHH [ubogîy] a -an,

-oe,
1.
TaifHoe
refuge, asylum; hide-out; npaeo
-He, sh f
-a,
-o,
-h
wretched, miserable, poor.
y6o
492
b certainty; hojihoh y66p|Ka [uborka] / -kh, with -OK 1. tidying up, doing up; ^H, Hxo... in the firm belief putting (a room, etc) in or- that... yBepeHHJbiH [uvêr^'mty] der; 2. harvesting, gathering a \pa] sh f yBepeH, -a, -o, in. y66pH|a5i [ubornays] / -oft, -bi assured, sure, confident; an pyKa steady hand; -MX 1. lavatory; water-closet;
My>KCKaH ~aH gentlemen's room; AaMCKan an ladies' an oCmecTBeHHan room; public convenience; 2. theat
dressing-room.
<>
may
perf
6y;ib(xe) rely on
see
yBepeH(,bi)
it.
you
yBepHXb
yBep|HXb
-HK),
ysepnxb.
luvî*^rât^] im-Heuib, yBep|HXb
y66pmKu|a
-bi,
[uborshîitja] / office-cleaner; maid
[uvêr^'it^] perf -lo, -Huib, p -HJI, imp -b assure {smb)\
{at
a hotel); charwoman. ySpaxb see y6HpaTb.
-KOB eaxb
<0>
y6biT|oK [ubitak, -g] -Ka, sabiCKHloss, damage;
convince, persuade. yBccxH see yBOAHXb. yBHflexb see BHAexb

4, 5.
1,
3,
~KH
claim damages;
yeMAexbCH
see
BHêxbCH.
6biTb B Ke lose {in a business, etc). ySbib [ub^'yu], ySbeuib
[ub^yosh, -zh] 1st &2nd persons of y6HTb; see ySHsaxb.
yBawacMWH [uvAzhayamty]
a [pa]
honoured, respected; ToeapHu; dear friend {a

im-
form of address). yeawlaxb [uvAzhat*']
perf -aK), -aeuib respect, hold in respect, esteem.
yeaxceHHle
[uvAzhenîya] esteem. yeeaxH see yeoanxb. yeejiMMHElaxb [uvî^l'îchî-H respect,
vat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, [uvî^lîchît^j yeejiHHlHXij perf -y, -Hiiib, p -hji, imp -b increase; enlarge, extend; 1.
2,
yBjieK|axb [uvPi'^kat''] im-aemb, yBjijenb perf -aK), [uvPech*'] perf -exy, -eqeuib, -CKyx, p -CK, -CKJia, imp -ckh 1. carry {smb) along {said of a crowd, etc); 2. fig carry (smb) away {said of a book, etc); fascinate, captivate; 3. fig allure, entice away. yBJieKJaxbcsi [uvl^'i^kattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, yBji|eHbC5i [uvlêch^'s^'a] perf -eKycb, -eqeiiibCH, -CKyxcH, p -eKCH, -eKJiacb, imp -CKHCb, -eKHxecb 1. be carried away {by a story, etc); be keen {on smth); 2. be captivated
{by),
be enamoured {of smb). [uvl*'i^ch*'eyBJieHeHHJe
n'îya]
-h,
3.
-ft 1.
enthusiasm,
magnify {with a
yBepeHHOcxjb
lens, etc);
[uv^'erî-
animation;
nation; smb).
2.
passion, incli-
enlarge {a photo).
nas^t**,
-z*'d^]
love, fondness {for
-h
confi-
dence,
assurance,
bio
yBjieHb see yBjienaxb. yBJie4bC}i see yBjicKaxbcH.
493
yBOfl|MTb [uvAdît^] imperf yeo/iHuib, yBOH<y, p -hji, Imp -H, yBe|cTM [uvî^s^tî] perf -j\y, -Aeiub, p yeeji, -ji3, imp -AH 1. take away, lead
deeper;
2.
yro
cavity,
making
pit,
recess, hole, hollow; depression {in the ground, etc).

yrjiySjijflTbCJi
[uglublâ-neiiibCH,
ttja]
imperf -Hiocb,
away; 2. steal {horses, etc). yrjiy6|HTbcfl [uglubîttja] yeoslHTb [uvAzît^] imperf perf -jiibcb, -HuibCH, p -hjich,
yBOJKy, yBosHuib, p -hji, imp -H, yBe3|TH [uvî^s^tî] perf -eiub, p yeea, -jia, /mp -y, -H 1. take / drive away; 2. kidnap, abduct. yeojiHTb see yeojibHHTb. yBOjibHeHH|e [uvAl^nênîya] n -h, -h release, discharge, dismissal; superannuation, pensioning off; npeAynpeAHTb o6 ~h give notice {to a
-Hjiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb 1. deepen, become deeper {also fig); 2. go deep {into), plunge {into) {the forest, etc); 3. fig be absorbed {in study, thought, etc); yrJiy6HTbCH B pasMbiuiJieHHH be lost in thought. yrjiM [ugPa], yrjiefi [ugPiy]
see yrojib.
yrHerlaxb [ugnî^tat''] im-
worker, employee). perf -aK), -aeiiib oppress {a yeojibHlflTb [uvAl^nât^] colonial people, etc; also fig). yrHCTeHlHbiH [ugnî^f'onimperf -hk), -neuib, yB6ji|HTb [uvolît^] perf -lo, -Hiub, p niy] a [pa] sh f ~, yrHeredismiss, dis- Ha, yrHeTCHO, yrneTeHbi 1. op-HJI, imp -b 1. charge; yeojiHTb B OTCiaBKy pressed {peoples, etc); 2. deretire; 2. {no imperf): ysojib- pressed, low-spirited. Te MeHH OT He06X0AHM0CTH... yroBapHB|aTb [ugAvarî-aeuib, spare me the necessity {of). vaP] -?k), imperf yBbi [uvl] int alas! yroBop|HTb [ugavArît^] perf -K), -Hiiib, p -Hji, imp yraflaxb see yâ;^bIBaTb. H peryra;ibiB|aTb [ugadivst''] im- suade, talk into, induce. -aeuib, y^^,\vnh [ugAdît*'] yrafljaxb perf perf -aK), [ugAdat''] perf -aio, -aeiiib yro>Ky, -Huib, p -hji, imp -h col 1. see yro>KAaTb; 2. col guess {the meaning, etc). yrjia [ugla], yrJioB [uglof, fall {into), get {into); bang {against); {against); -v] see yroji. strike run {into a tree, etc); ~HTb yrjiepofl [uglî^rot, -d] rojiOBOH B flBepb strike one's -a chem carbon. [uglAvoy] a 1. head against the door; ~HTb yrjiOBOH {house, room, etc); B TiopbMy corner oneself find in prison. 2. phys, math angular. yrjiy6HTbC5i see yrjiy6jiHTbyroAHo [ugodna] 1 predic: ^T0 BaM -^P what can I do CH. [uglublênî- for you? {in addressing a yrjiySjicHHle ya] n -h, -h 1. deepening, customer); what would you
yro
like to have?;
Kan BaM
with
494
as
yoa choose
II
please;
inter
part
used
&
perf -aio, -aeuib, yrocT|HTb [ugAs^tît^l perf yromy, -Huib, -H entertain p -HJi, imp
{guests);
ret
pron
and adv with
the
treat
{to
an
ice-
meaning of 'any (whatever)':
-cream, etc).
anybody; rAe -- anywhere, wherever one likes {denoting position); Kyâ anywhere, wherever one likes (denoting direction); KaKOH -any; mo -^ anything, whatever one likes. yrofl|aTb [ugAzhdat^] imKTO
-aio, -aeuib, yrofli^Tb [ugAdît^] perf yrojKy, -Huib, p -HJi, imp -H please, oblige, humour, play up {to smb)\ Ha Bcex He Hiub there's no pleasing everyone; eMy ne Huib he is hard to please. pi yroji [ugal] m yrjia, yr.ibi, yrjioB 1. corner {1) in a room, etc; 2) of a street); H3-3a yrjia round the corner (from behind) [also see <>]; 2. home (the place where one lives); He HMexb CBoero yrjia be homeless; 3. corner, part
yromeHHle [ugAsh^:enîy8l
n -H
ing;
entertainment, treatrefreshments. yrpo>K|aTb [ugrAzhat^] im-aio, -aeuib threaten, perf

1.
2.
food;
menace. yrposla [ugroza] / -u, ^ threat, menace; cxasHTb no;;

jeopardize {an undertakhhmh naeHCJia CMGpTH they were threatened with starvaing, etc); najx -~a rojioAHOH
tion.
perf
yrpWMlbiH. sh f ~, -a,
[ugr^'umiy]
-o,
-bi
sullen,
gloomy, morose.
yflaJBaTbCJi [udAvattja] /mperf -eicH, p -BajicH, -sajiacb, yaalxbcsi [udattja] perf -ctch, p -jicH, -jiacb 1. turn out well, be a success; 2. impers: eMy [eft u m. d.] yâjipcb aa-
of
room; 4, math, phys angle; uqa npHMbiM yrJiOM at

a
right angles; <> H3-3ayr.iia underhandedly. yroji6BH|biH [ugAlovniy] a criminal {offence, etc); penal '{laws, etc); oe npecjieôBaHHe prosecution; ~biH poBbicK Criminal <>
KOHMHTb paCoxy he [she, etc] in completing his etc] work; eMy [eft [her, u m. d.] He y;iaji6cb HaftxH KHHpy he [she, etc] failed to
succeeded
find the book. yjiajiHTb see yAaJiHXb. yAajiHTbCfl see yâjinxbCfl.
-HK),
yflajilTb [udAlât^] -Heuib, yflajijiixb
imperf
[udA-
Investigation Department.
yrojib [ugal^]
jih),
lît^]
perf
-H
1.
-K),
-Huib,
-HJI,
yrjin
(yr-
pi
yrjiH,
yrjiefl
(yrjieft)
coal; charcoal. <> ApeeecHbiH yrocTHTb see yromarb.
make leave, send away; ~HXb Koro-ji. h3 komHaxbi make smb leave the
imp
room;
2.
remove,
~HXb 3y6 have

ed (out).
extract; a tooth pull-
yromlaxb [ugAsh^:at^J
im-
495
yAajijaTbCM [udAlâttsa] im-neuibCH, -HK)cb, yâ[udAlîttsa] jiJHTbCfl perf
yflH
pe*'f
-ibCb.-HUIbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiaCb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb 1. move off/ HibCH ox TeMbi wanaway; der from the subject; 2. re-
-HUIbCH, -HJiaCb, p -HJICH, -bCH, -bxecb 1. strike {against), bump {against); yjxapvnhca fojioboh o6o ixo-ji. strike one's head against smth; 2. fig col go in {for),
imp
addict oneself
<>
(to);
H3 OAHOH Kpafl1. HocxH B ApyryK) go from one blow {1) a hit, stroke; 2) a extreme to another. yAaxbcsi see yAasaxbCH. misfortune); punch {with the the foot); fist); kick {with yaanla [udachâ] / -h, ^ luck, mTpa4)H6H ~' free kick {in good good fortune;
tire,
withdraw, go away. yâp [udar] m -a, -ob
~flXbCa
football);
oi6mh
rpOMa
parry
piece
life,
of
etc);
luck;
success
{in
blow;
etc);
3.
2.
stroke {of the bells,
jKejiaxb
wish
thunderclap;
good
luck.
(apoplectic) stroke;^ be at e col <> 6biTb B one's best; craBHTb noA jeopardize {an undertaking,
etc).
-H,
yjtapcHHJe [udArênîya] n -H 1. accent, stress; 3HaK H stress; 2. fig emphasis,
stress; êjiaxb ~-e emphasize. yAapHTb see yâpjixb.
yAapHxbcji see yâp^xbCH. yAapi^Tb [udArât^] imperf -HK), -neuib, yAapJHTb [uda- m\a.Tb [udî^rzhat^] perf -y, rît^] perf -k), -Huib, p -hji, yAepJKHiub, p -aji, im.p -h 1. imp -b 1. strike, hit; punch retain, hold; not let go; {with the fist); kick {a ball, yAepmaxb b pyKax hold fast; etc); lash {a horse, etc); slap 2. hold back {from), keep {smb in the face, etc); 2. (from); 3. deduct {from the strike {at the rear, at the wages, etc). enemy, etc; also fig); yAepH [udî^rî] imp of -0 yâpnTb no KapMany col yApaxb; see yAHpaxb. 2^ hit hard; cost a pretty yAepy [udî^ru], yAepeuib penny; bhho yâpHjio eiviy b [udM^rôsh, -zh] 1st & 2nd rojiOBy the wine went to his persons of yApaxb; see yAHhead.
yAaplflxbcsi [udArâtts9J im-Hiocb, -HembCH, yAaperf pjMXbCji [udarîttja] perf -locb,
[udach^niy] yAaHH|biH a sh f yâêH, -a, -o, -bi 1. successful {attempt, experigood, ment, etc); 2. apt {choice, comparison, etc). yABaMBJaxb [udvaivat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, yAEOJHxb [udvoit^] perf -lo, -HUib, p -HJI, imp -H double, redouble. yAepjKaxb see y;iepH<HBaxb. yAepjKHBJaxb [udêrzhtvat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, yAep-
paxb.
yAHBMxejibHlbiii
[udîvîyAHBiixejien,
tîPnty] a sh
-a,
-0,
-b|
1.
astonishing,
ym
surprising;
496
oe coenaAeHHe HHXfa eMy xaK nosAHo? is it miraculous coincidence; hh- all right if I call him up at qero oro small wonder; 2. such a late hour? wonderful, marvellous. yA66H|biH [udobniy] a sh yflHBMTb see yAHBJiHXb, f yA66eH, -a, -o, -bi 1. comyflHBHtbCH see yAHBJiHibCH. fortable, cosy; handy (thing); convenient, yAHBJijflTb [ud^'ivlât''] im- 2. opportune; yflHBJHTb biH cjiyqaft opportunity. perf -HK), -aeuib, (udîv^'it^] perf -jiib, -Hiiib, yAoSpeHMJe [udAbrênîya]
p
-HJi,
imp
-H astonish,
sur-
prise,
amaze.
[udîvl^'attsa]
-H rii lization;
1.
fertilizing,
fertilizer.
ferti-
2.
yAoScxBJo [udopstva] n -a, 1. comfort (a state of [ud'îv^'itlja] perf ease); 2. convenience (a useBJiiTbcsi HJICH, ful appliance); KBapxHpa co -JllbCb, -HUIbCH, p -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -rixecb be BceMH ~aMH flat with every astonished / surprised/ amaz- convenience. yAOBjiexBopHxejibHlbiH [udaed; wonder {at). a sh f yflMpjaxb [udîrat^] imperf vPitvAr**itîl*'niy] yApjaxb [ud- yAOBJiexBopHxejien, -a, -o, -u -aio, -aeuib, satisfactory. rat**] perf yêpy, yAepeuib, p -ajiH, imp yAOBjiexBopMxb see yAOBJiex-aji, -ajia, -ajio, yAepH col run away, bolt, BOpflXb. take to one's heels; escape [udavlîtyAOBjiexBoplHXb VArât''] imperf -hio, -nemb, (from). yAHJxb [udît''] imperf y>Ky, yAOBjiexBopliixb [udavPitvAyAHiub, p -ji, imp ~ fish, r^'it^] perf -k>, -uuib, p -hji,
yAHBjilflTbCJi
imperf -niocb, -neuibCH,
ynH-
angle.
yAJiHHHXb. yAJiHHHXb see yAAHHJflXb [udl^'in^'at^l imperf -HK), -HeUIb, yAJIHHJHXb

[udlîn^'it^]
imp -H 1 satisfy, gratify; comply with (a request, etc);

2.
meet
(the
requirements^
etc).
perf
-ib,
-Huib,
yAOBOJIbCXBHle
gb^fa^bjygj
[udAVol^.g
-HJi,
imp
-H lengthen,
make
longer; prolong (a term, line,

etc).
ure
yAoSHO [udobnaj
II
adv com-
fortably, conveniently;
1^ pleas(delight, joy); k 66m,eMy K) to everybody's delight; 2. amusement, diversion; enjoy <> acHXb B CBoe --e
.jj^
impers predic 1. feel / be comfortable; eMy ~ he is comfortable; 2. it is convenient,

it
life.
yAocxaHBlaxb [udAstaivst''] imperf -aio, -aeuib, yAocx6|-
suits
{one);
it
MHe
HXb
-HUJb,
[udAstoit'']
perf
-k),
-Pi
npHHXH B nnxb
ient
3,
it
is
convenat five;
jih
-HA,
imp
1.
for
is
me
to
come
-^
award (a
proper;
3bo-
prize, etc); confer (an honorary degree, etc); 2,
497
persons
>Kaxb.
ye
of
favour (with), honour {with);
yexaxb;
see
yes-
OH a He YAocTOHJia ero otbcTOM she did not deign to answer him.

y;]ôcTOBepeHHle [udastavî^r^'enîya] n -h, -h 1. certification, attestation {the process of); 2. certificate (a document); -e JTHHHOCTH identification card.
ye3>KaH
[uyi^zh^:ay]
imp
see
yexaxb yesmaxb.
of
&
yeamarh;
yesjKJaxb [uyi^zh^:at^] im-aeuib, -aK), yexjaxb perf [uyekhat^] perf ye^y, yeAeuib, p -aji, imp yeaâft leave, go away, depart;
<> col
it.
yAocTOBepHTb
BepHTb.
see
yAocxo-
yAOCTOBeplnTb [udsstavî^-neiiib, imperf -hk), [udastAvêyAOCTOBep|HTb rît^] perf -lo, -Huib, p -hji,
rât^]
Ha 3X0M flajicKo He yeiieuib won't take you far, it you won't achieve much by
imp
-b certify, attest (that...),
HTb
JIH^HOCTb KOFO-Jl. prOVe
smb's identity; ~HTb Mbio-Ji. noAHHCb witness smb's signature.
yAOCTOHTb
see
yAOCiaH/
Baxb, yflo^lKa [udach^ka]
-kh,
-eK fishing-rod; saKHHyxb line cast the {also Ky

see <>];
^*
ym I [ush, uzh] yma, ymeik zool grass-snake. y)K II [ush, uzh] I adv=ymk\ part II intens 1.: oweHb ym MHoro acji y Hero he has too many things to do; 2.: yjK ecJiH ACJiaxb, xo A^Jiaxb xopoiuo if you are to do it, you must do it properly; y>K 6h-xo 3Haex he is sure to know; yjK KaK oh cxapa^cn! he really tried it hard!
ywajiHxb
see JKajiHXb.
<> saKHHyxb --Ky col sugask tentagest tentatively; tively; noHMaxb Ha ~Ky col
y>Kac [uzhas, -z] I -a, pi -bi, -OB 1. terror, horror;

o6'bHXbiH
dupe
(stTib);
~Ky
bait.
col
nonacxbcji swallow / take

see
na 6bixb B
the
etc); 3.
~0M terror-stricken; ~e be horrified; 2.
yApaxb
a sh
2.:
f
yAyuiJiHBlbiH
y^Hpaxb. [udushPiviy]
-o,
-bi
horrors {of war, dismay, consternation; as an adv col terribly, II KaK horribly, awfully;
-
{mostly pi)
^,
-a,
focating,
~biH
choking, raa asphyxiating
sufstifling;
1.
âpKo
gas.
yeflHHeHH je [uyidînênîya]
-a solitude, seclusion, retirement. [uyedu], ycAeuib yeAy [uyedîsh. -zh] 1st & 2nd
terribly hot. yma.cH\biK [uzhasnty] a sh f yjKacen, -a, -o, -bi terrible, horrible; awful, ghastly. yjKC [uzhi^] comp of ysKHH & corresp adv. yme [uzhe] adv & part already; by this time, by now; He no longer; '^
it's
yiKM
498
yHTH
ynas
see
AaBHO long
for a
since, long ago; long time now. yHH [uzhin] m -a, -ob supper. yxHulaTb [uzhinat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, noiy^HHaTb [pAUzhinat^] perf have supper.
yxoAHXb.
-z]
[ukas,
-a,
-oe
decree, edict.
yKasaHHJe
-H,
[ukAzanîya]
order; directions.
-H
-H,
instructions,
yjKy [uzhu] see yAHXb. ysScK [uz^bêk, -g]

-OB
-a,
yKasaxejijb [ukAzatîl^] -eft signpost; 1. finger-post; 2. indicator, pointer {in a gauge, etc); 3. index
{uf
yxasbiBaxb. yKasbiBJaxb [ukazivat^] imyaeji [uz^'il] m ysjia, pi perf -avD, -aeuib, yKaajaxb ysjibi, ysJioB 1. knot {in a [ukAzat^] perf yKa>Ky, yKarope, etc); saBHSbmaTb ysJioM sceiub, p -Li, imp yKa>KH 1, make a knot, knot; 2.: ~ point {to, at); motion {to); conpoTHBJieHHH mil centre of 2. point out; indicate, name; resistance; 3. bundle, pack. 3. explain, point out {how ysKJHH [uskîy] a -an, -oe, to do smth); give instructions -He, sh f ysoK, -a, -o, -h (-h) {as to). [ukladivat^] etc); tight 1, narrow {street, yKjiaAbiBJaxb {clothes, etc); 2. fig narrow imperf -aio, -aeiiib, yjio^lHXb {interests, etc); narrow-mind- [ulAzhit^] perf -y, yji6>KHmb, ed; p -HJi, imp -H 1. lay {on the MecTo weak point. floor, etc); axb jiexeft put <> -ôe ysjia [uzla], ysnoe [uzlof, ^he children to bed; 2. pack (up) {one's things); 3. stow; -v] see yaeji ysHalBaxb [uznAvat^] im- pile {logs, etc); 4. lay {rails,
see
Uzbek. y36eKCKlHH
-aji,
[uz^bêkskîy]
names, ynasaxb
etc).
-oe,
-He
Uzbek.
perf
-Ban,
-K),
-euib,
-Baji,
imp
etc).
[uznat^j perf 1. learn, get to -aio, -aeiiib find out know; 2. {smb's address); imperf also inquire {about); 3. recognize {an old friend, etc). y30K [uzak, -g] see ysKHH. yaop [uzor] -a, -ob pattern {a decorative design). yHAH [uydî] imp of yflTH;
ysHJaTb
yKJiaAbiB|axbCji
ttja]
[ukladiva-
-aeuibCH, yjiOKJiixbca [ulAzhittja] perf yjioHCHuibCH, p -hjich, -ycb, -Hxecb 1. -HJiacb, imp -HCb, pack (up), be packing one's things; 2. go {into some recep-
imperf
-aiocb,
see
yxoAHTb.
[uydu], yfiîemb [uydôsh, -zh] 1st & 2nd persons of yfliH; see yxojxuTb.
yflfly
tacle); B 3X0X HIUHK He yjioBce Bemn the box caxcH can't hold all these things; 3. fig keep {within a certain time or other limit); oh ue yji6>KHxCH B AecHTb MHHyx he wants more than ten minutes;
499
<^ 3T0 He ~aeTCJi b rojioee it is hard to believe. yKjioH [uklon] -a, -ob 1. slope; 2. inclination, fig deviation {also pol); npasbm right-wing [left[jieBbm]
yKp
yKpacHTb see yKpamaxb. yKpacTb see Kpacib. yKpauijaTb [uki'Ashat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiib, yKpac|HTb [ukrasît^]per/yKpamy, -Hiiib,
-HJI,
imp
-b
adorn,
deco-
-wing] deviation;
3.
fig bias
{practical, technical, etc); go downhill. <> HATH noA yKJIOHHTbCfl SeeyKJIOHHTbCH. yKJi6HHHB|biH [uklon^ch^'iviy] a sh f ^, -a, -o, -u evasive, equivocal. yKjioHlflTbCfl [uklAHâttsg] imperf -niocb, -neuibCH, yKjio[uklAnîttsaj HJHTbCfl perf -lOCb, yKJIOHHUIbCH (-HLUbCH),
ornament; axb ejiKy dress the New Year's tree.

rate,
yKpenjieHH|e nîya] n -h, -h
yKpeiiJiHXb. [ukrî^plê1. strengthening, consolidation; 2. mil fortification (work); npe^MOsee
yKpeoHXb
cxHoe - e bridge-head.
yKpenjijflxb
[ukrî^plât^]
imperf
-Ak>, -Heiub,
yKpen|HXb
-jiib,
[ukrî^pît^] perf
-Hiiib,
-HJicH,
-HJiacb,
imp
-HCb,
-HJI,
imp
fix,
-H
-HTecb 1. deviate {from the course, a subject, etc); 2. avoid
consolidate
etc);
2.
strengthen; {power, unity,

1.
make
fast; 3.
mil
a
{meeting
yKOJi
smb,
fig).
etc);
evade,
-a,
fortify.
dodge {also
yKp6MH|biH
[ukromniy]
[ukol]
1. prick {a small the pain caused by it); 2. injection- {of' penicillin, etc).
-ob wound or
sh f yKpoMen, -a, -o, -bi secluded, quiet; comfortable, cosy; -biH yrojiOK nook. yKpon [ukr6p, -b] -a
yKopeHHTbCJi HHTbCH.
see
ynope-
fennel, dill.
yKpbiB|axb
perf
-aio,
[ukrtvat^]
im-b'lji,
yKopeHlflTbCJi [ukarî^nâttsa] imperf -nexcH, yKopeH|HTbCfl [ukarî^nÎttja] perf -HTCH, p -HJICH, -Hjiacb take root {also fig).
-aeuib, yKplbixb [uk-
rit^] perf -6k). -deiiib,
-OH 1. cover {with a blanket, etc); 2. shelter, give shelter; conceal, harbour,
imp
shield. see yKopHxb. yKop|MTb [ukArât^] imperf [ukrivattsa] yKpbiBJaxbCfl -HK), -aeuibCH, yK-neuib, yKOp|HTb [ukA- imperf -aracb, rît^] perf -ib, -Hiiib, p -hji, p|bixbCfl [ukrtttja] per/ -oiocb, imp -H reproach, reprove. -oeiubCH, p -bijicH, -biJiacb,
yKopHTb
yKpaflKOH
stealthily,
[ukratkay]
furtively. yKpaHHJeu [ukrAinîtj, -ua, -ueB Ukrainian.

-oe,
adv imp -OHCH, -oHxecb wrap oneself up;

-dz]
1.
2.
cover / seek
/
shelter, shelter; take shelter
yKpaHHCK[HH [ukrAinskîy]
a -an,
-He Ukrainian.
cover; 3. escape tention, etc).
{smb's
at-
yKpbixb
see
vKpuBaxb.
ynp
500
yKpuTbCfl see yKpbmaTbCH, yKcyc [uksus, -z] m -a vinegar. yKycliiTb

(ukus^'it'']
[ulutshtt''] perf
-HJI,
-y,
-HUJb,
imp
-H
improve,
make
perf
better, better yjibi61axbc [uUbattsa] im-
yKyiuy, yKycHujb, p -hji, imp -11 bite {of a dog, flea, etc)
yjiaejiMBJaTb
[ulavl'îvat*']
-aemb, yjioBJHTb [ulAv'ît''] perf -j\k), yjioBHiub, p -h;i, imp -h catch / grasp
-aio,
imperf
[the
meaning, difference,
etc).
yjiajiHTb see y;ia>KHBaTb.
yjia)KHBjaTb
[ulazhivat'']
imperf
-aio,
[ulad'ît*']
yjiaA|HTb perf yjia>Ky, -mub,

-aeiub,
-b settle,
-HJT,
imp
arrange
{differences, etc); ~aTb ccopy make up a quarrel. yjieii y;ibH, pi [ul'îyl yjihw, yjibee (bee)hive. yjiexlaxb [ul'î^tat''] imperf
perf -aiocb, -aembCH, yjibi6H|yxbcji [ulibnuttso] perf -ycb, -euibCH, p -yjicH, -yjiacb, imp -\\Qh, -Hiecb 1. smile {also fig)\ 2. {no perf) fig col: eMy [eft u m. d.] sio ue ~aeTCH he [she, etc] doesn't like the idea. yjibi6'|Ka [ullpka] -kh, / -OK smile {on the face). yjibi6Hyxbc see yjibi6axbCH 1. yjibXHMaxyM [ul''t''imatum] -a, -OB ultimatum.
yjibH
[lil'^yaf,
[ul''y9],
-v]
yjibCB
see yjiefi.
yivia,
yM [um]
wit,
yMOB mind;
-aio,
t^'et'']
-aeujb,
yjiexleib
[ul'î^-
intellect;
perf
-H
-eji,
imp leave by
yjiHKJa
yjieny, -rimb, p fly off / away;

/ -h,
air.
[ul'îka]
evidence, proof {of crime). yjiHT|Ka [uPitka] / -kh, -ok

zool snail. y;iHu|a [ul'îtsa]
street; / -bi, in the street;
cBoeM yMe in one's <> B right mind; He b cbgcm yivi^ not right in the head; 6bixb 6e3 yivia ox Koro-Ji. [ox ner6-ji.|co/ be crazy about smb [smth]; ce6e Ha yivie col crafty, with one's wits about one;
cBecxM c yivia drive mad; cofl. xH c yivia go mad; bu c yivia coiujihI col are you crazy?
yMejibiH [um''elty] a able, skilful, capable. yivicH [um'ôn] see yMHbift. yMeHH|e [um*'en''iya] n -a
Ha
~e
1)
2) out of doors,
in the open. yjiMMJaxb [ul'îch'ât''] im-aio, -aeujb, y;iH4|iixb perf [ul'îch'ît''] perf -y, -Huib, p convict, expose, -ViJ\, imp -H catch out; ~aTb kofo-ji. bo ji>KH catch smb lying. yinoBHXb see yjiaejiHBaxb. yjioKHXb êe yKJia^biBaxb.
knack {of smth). yMCHbiuIaxb [um'î^n'^shat''] imperf -aw, -aemb, yivieHbability, skill;
uj|HXb.[um''en''shft''] perf -y,

-HUib,
yjiowiixbcsi
see
yKjia^bi-
-HJi,
imp
-Hji,
-H
&yMeHbperf
-H
eaxbCH. yjiymuiaxb [ulutshat''] imperf -aio, -aeuib, yjiyHu|HXb
iij|MXb
-y,
[um'î^n^'shtt'']
-Hiub,
imp
dire-
minish,
decrease,
lessen;
501
yHH
yMOJi|flxb [umAPat''] imperf -Heuub, yMOji|HXb [umA-
duce {prices, etc); abate (the pain, etc); ~aTb CKopocTb slow down; reduce the speed
(of)-
-H(o,
)''it'']
perf
-K),
yMOJiHuib, p
-uj\,
imp
-H entreat, implore;
[um^'erînty] yMepeHH'ibiH a [pa] sh f yMepeH, -a, -o, -bi moderate, temperate.
supplicate.
yMOK)
[umoyu],
-zh] 1st
yMoeuib
[umoyash,
sons
of
& 2nd
see
ywepexb
f
see
yMHpaxb.
yMbixb;
peryMbi-
yMecTH|bFH [um'êsnty] a sh Baxb. yMpH [umrî] imp of yueyMecTeH, -a, -o, -bi appropriate; opportune, apt, timely. pexb; see yMHpaxb. yMpy [umru], yivipemb [umyMe|Tb [um^'et'^] imperf -lo, -eiiib be able {to do smth); r^'osh, -zh] 1st & 2nd persons be good {at smth); oh ex of vMepexb; see yMHpaxb. yMcxeeHHbiH qHxaxb H nHcaxb he can read [ums^f'v^mnty] a mental, intellectual. and write. ywbiBajibHMK [umtval''n''ik, yMHp|axb [um^'irat^] imperf -aio, -aeiiJb, yMcpjexb [um'î^-g] m -a, -ob wash(ing)-stand. r^'et''] perf VMpy, yMpeuib, p yMbiBJaxb [umtvat'' ] /mper/ yMep, -Jia, yiviepjio, yMepjiH, -aK), -aeujb, yMwxb [umlt**] imp yMpH die, pass away; perf yMOK), yMoeiub, p yubiji, imp yMOH wash {one's hands, perf also be dead; <> ~axb ox / CO CKyKH col face, etc); be bored to death. <> axb pyKH col wash one's
yMHOKjaxb
imperf
[umnozhit'']
-3\o, -aeiub,
[umnAzhat^] yMH6iK|HXb
-y,
2.
hands of
it.
yiMbicieji
[umisîl]
-jia,
perf
-h
1.
-Huib,
-jioB design, intention, intent;
-HJi,
'mp
increase,
c
jia
jioM deliberately; 6e3
multiply, augment; multiply.
math
ywHOMtHXb
MH6>KilXb.
yMHibifi
see
yMHOH<axb
a
-bi
&
f
unintentionally. yMbixb see yMbmaxb. yMb'iujjieHH|biH [umlshl'Tniy] a [pa] intentional, deliberate.
[umniy]
sh
yuen,
clever,
-a,
-o (-6), intelligent;
(-bi)
sensible
yHecxH see yHOCHXb. yHHBcpMar [unîvî^rmak,

-g]
{behaviour, etc). yiMOH [umoy] imp of yMb'ixb; see vMbiBaxb. yMOjiMXb see yMOjiHXb. yMOJiK m -y: 6e3 ~y [b'î^z-
m
/
-a,
HbiH
-ob (=yHHBepcajibMara3HH) department

store.
shop
umalku] unceasingly, without stopping; roBopHXb 6e3 ~y talk nineteen to the dozen.
yHHBepcajibH|biH [unîv'î^rsal^niy] a sh f yHHBepcajieH, -a, -o, -bi universal {1 ) knowledge, etc; 2) remedy, etc);
~biH cxaHOK general-purpose

machine-tool.
yHH
-d]
502
depressed, courage.
yHbiJi|biH
~-,
-a, -o,
yHHBepCMTex
têt,
-a,
[unîvîrsî-ob univer-
be dejected;
lose
sity.
[unlUy]
-bi
yHH)K|aTb
perf
-aio,
[unîzhat^]
-aeuib,
im-
a sh f sad, cheerless,
VHHslHTb
dismal;
cast.
despondent,
down-
[unÎzît^] per/ yHH>Ky, -Hiijb, p -Hji, imp -b iiumble, liumiliate. [unîzliatts8] yHH)K|aTbC5i imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, yHH[unîzîttsa] perf sJHTbCfl
ymmycb,
-Hjiacb,
-HiiibCH,
-hjich,
imp
oneself,
-bcH, -biecb abase oneself; humiliate

etc).
yna;i!oK [upadak, -g] m -Ka decline, decay;' decadence {in literature, etc); depression, recession {in economic activity); 2.: OK CHji collapse, break-down {of the body). ynaKoeaxb see ynaKosbiBaxb.
1.
humble
{to
oneself, grovel; stoop
ynaKOBbiBlaxb
[upAkovt-
begging,
-H
vat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib, yna-
[unîzhenîya] humiliation, abasement; Tepnexb^fl bear humiliation; noABepraxbCH ~jim
yHHJKeHMJe
-51,
K|oBaTb [upakAvat^] perf -yio, -êmb, p -OBaji, imp -yfi pack

{one's things, goods, etc).
suffer indignity.
yHH3HTejibHlbiH
tîl^niy] a sh f
-a, -o,
-bi
[unîzî-
yHHSHxejieH, humiliating, de-
ynacTb see naâxb 1, ynjiaxHTb see njiaxHXb 1. ynojiHOMOHeHHibiH [upalnAmochîniy] m [pa] -oro, -bix
representative,
delegate;
grading.
proxy, authorized agent.
yHHSHTb
see yHHJKaxb. yHH3HTbCJi see ynHjKaxbCH.
ynoMHH|axb
[upaniînat^]
yHHxas funîtas, -OB lavatory pan.
-z]
-a,
yHHMTOKJaTb
zhat^] imperf
yHMHxowj
[unîch^'tA-aeiub, HTb [un^'ich'^tozhit^

-aio,
imperf -aio, -aeiiib, ynoMHHlyxb [upamî^nut^] perf -y, ynoMflHeuib, p -yji, imp -h mention, refer to.
ynop [upor]
rest, etc);
m -a, -ob prop, support {for a gun, feet,
perf -y, -Huib, p -hji, imp -b 1. destroy [enemy tanks, etc); annihilate, exterminate, wipe out; 2. abolish, do away with. yHoclHTb [unAsît^] imperf
0>
flejiaxb
Ha
hxo-ji.
Ha
HCM-Ji.
on
fire
lay (special) emphasis smth; BbicxpejiHXb b point-blank; cnasaxb
yHomy, yHocHuib, p
-H,
-hji,
imp
yKcclTH [unî^s^tî] perf imp -y, -emb, p ynec, -Jia, -H 1. take away, carry away;
2.
yHMBlaxb
âw,
col carry off {steal). [univat*'] imperf
-aeiub
lose
heart,
be
tell smth B right the face; CMoxpexb b stare {at smb). ynopHJb'/H [uporniy] a sh f ynopeH, -a, -o, -bi persistent etc); {person, stubborn {resistance, etc).
HXO-JI.
in

vv9t^]
-oeaji,
533
yny
ynpa>KHeHHJe
[uprAZhnê-
[uporstynopcTBJOBaTb imperf -yio, -yemb, p
imp
-yft
persist
{in
one's opinion, etc); be obstinate. [upaynoTpeSHTejibHibiH trî^bîtîPniy] a sh f ynoTpe6HTejieH, -a, -o, -bi widely used, in common use.
nîya] n -h, -h exercise vocal, gymnastic, etc; {1) 2) in a textbook, etc). ynpajKHlflTbCH [uprAzhnâttja] imperf -Hiocb, -neuibCH practise (the piano, one's
ynoTpeSHTb
JIHTb.
see
ynoTpe6[upatrî^b-
English, etc). ynpasflHMTb HHTb.
see
ynpaa^-
ynpasflHJflTb [uprAz^nât^] imperf -hk), -neiub, ynpas/tlênîya] n -h use, employ- HJHTb [uprAz^n'Ît''] perf -k), -Hiub, p -HJI, imp -H abolish ment, application. [upatrî^b- {an institution, custom, etc); ynoTpefijilflTb -neuib, abrogate {privileges, etc). Pat^] imperf -hk), [upatrî^bît^j ynoTpe6|HTb ynpaiuHBlaxb [uprashtvat^] -aeuib, perf -jiK), -Hiiib, p -HJi, imp imperf -aio, y n po-H use, make use of, employ; ol HTb [uprAsît^] perf ynpotake {medicine, etc); my, ynpocHuib, p -hji, imp
ynoTpe6jieHH|e
<>
HTb
B ACJio
make good
use of. [uprAvPeynpaBjiCHHle nîya] n -h, -h 1. governing, government, administration;
management {the process of); direction, control; 2. conducting {of an orche'itra, etc);
3,
office,
department, board;
{of a plane,
etc);
5.
4.
control
ship,
-H beg, entreat, urge, coax, beseech; prevail perf also (upon). ynpcK [uprôk, -g] -a, -OB reproach, rebuke. ynpeKJaxb [uprî^kat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, ynpeKH|yTb [uprî^knut^J perf -y, -emb, p -yji, imp -H reproach, rebuke, upbraid.
troops,
fire,
ling
government.
ynpaBjiJMTb [uprAvPat^] imperf -^K), -Heiub 1. run, operate {a machine, etc); drive {a car, etc); steer {a boat, etc); 2. manage, direct, control; govern (/} the state, etc; 2) one's passions, etc); 3. conduct {an orchestra, etc). ynpaBjiHtou^JHH [uprAvPayush^:iy] [pa] -ero, -hx
ynpocHTb see ynparnHBaxb. ynpyrJHH [uprugîy] a -an,

-oe, -He, sh f ~, -a, -o, -h elastic, springy, resilient.
ynpflMJbiH [uprâmiy] a sh ', -a, -0, -bi obstinate, stubborn, headstrong. ynycK|aTb [upuskat^] imperf -aio, -ênib, ynycTJHTb [upus^tît^] per/' yny my, ynycTHuib, p -HJI, imp -H 1. let go /slip; let escape; 2. miss {a chance, 'etc); <> ynycTHTb H3 bhaV forget,
manager, superintendent; --hh AejiaMH business manager.
ypa
504
not bear in mind; fail to take into consideration. ypa [ura] int hurrah!, hurray!
fl|HTb [usAd^'it^] perf yca>Ky yca/tHUJb, p -hj\, imp -h 1, seat (a person); make sit down; ask to sit down; 2
set
ypaBHeHHJe
n
-n,
-H
1,
[urAvn'ên^'iya]
{smb
to
work,
to
draw
equalizing;
2.
equalization, math equation.
ing, etc).
yparaH [urAgan]
-a,
-ob
hurricane, tornado. ypaH [uran] m -a
chem
uranium. ypHJa [urna] / -bi, 1. urn {to hold the ashes of the
litterlitter-box, dead); 2. -basket; 3. ballot-box.
[usazhiva imperf -aiocb, -aembCH yce|cTbCH [us'êstsa] perf ycHAycb, ycHAeuibCH, p -jich -jiacb, imp ycHAbCH, ycHAb Tecb 1. take a seat, take
ttja]
yca}KHB|aTbcsi
seats,
tie (to
seat oneself;
2.
set
set
work,
etc).
ypoBjcHb [ur9v*'m*'jm -un,

-HCH
etc);
etc);
1.
perf
level
{of
{of
the
{of
sea,
ycBaHB|aTb [usvaivaf"] im -aio, -aeiiib, ycB6|MTb [usvoit''] perf -lo, -Hiiib, p -h.t
2.
standard
living,
level
production,
etc);
1.
3. level (gauge). -ob -a, ypofl [urot, -d] monster, freak of nature;
2.
ugly person.
ypOiiJiHBibiH [urod^'l'îviy] a
f
sh
~,
-a,
-o,
-bi
1.
ugly,
2.
deformed, misshapen; abnormal, monstrous. ypo>KalH [urAzhay]

-CB
1.
fig
-h,
harvest, yield, crop; abundant harvest, 2. rich crop. ypo)KeHieu[urAzhen''itj,-dz] -ua, -ueB native {of some
town,
1.
etc).
ypoK [urok,
lesson, class; lesson, task; 3.
-g]
2.
-a,
-ob
home-work,
pe-
teaching
fig
acquire learn {a lesson, etc); master {a subject, etc); '6. assimilate, absorb. [usêrdniy] a ycepAHlbiH sh f ycepACH, -a, -o, -bi zealous; assiduous, diligent, industrious. ycecTbcfli see ycaH^HeaTbCH. ycHjieHH,biH [usîl^'mty] a [pa]: ~aa pa66Ta strentious work; ~bie np6cb6bi earnest requests; BecxH yio no^roTOBKy intensify / step up preparations. [usîl'îvat*'] ycHjiMBJaTb imperf -aio, -aeuib, ycHJiJHTb -k), -Huib, p [us*'ilît''] perf -HJi, imp -b strengthen, rein-H
1.
imp
adopt,
2.
{a
habit,
etc);
riod,
lesson; 4.
lesson;
force;
increase,
intensify,
Aaxb
teach
KOMy-Ji.
xopomwH
step
up;
amplify
good lesson. ypoHHTb see poHHib. ycaaMTb see yca/KHBaib.

a
smb
BHHMaHHe K pay more attention
~aTb
{sounds); qeMy-Ji.
~aTb HHiepec
yca>KHB!aTb -aio, imperf
(usazhivat'']
-aeuib,
yca-
aib terest; enhance vigilance.
to smth; heighten in6AHTe;ibH0CTb
505
[usîPiyo]
yen
[uslovniy]
-bi
1.
ycHjiMJe
-n,
f
ycjiOBHlbiii
a sh
con-
-H effort, exertion.
ycHjiHTb see ycHJiHeaTb. [uskAl^zat^] ycKOjibsIaxb
imperf -aio, -aeiiib, ycKOjibsHJyxb [uskAl^'znut''] perf -y, -eiub, p -yji, imp -h 'I. col slip / {out steal away; slip, steal of the room, etc); 2. fig slip,
escape (smb's attention, give (smb) the slip.
etc);
symbols, ~biH 3HaK prearranged etc); signal; 2. conditional {award,

consent, etc); bift npHfOBop law nominal sentence; 3. relative {character, nature, etc); 4. theat symbolic; 5. ling conditional;
ycjiOBCH, -a, -0, ventional {signs,
<> ~biH pe(l)jieKC conditioned reflex. ycKopMTb see ycKopHXb. ~ ycjiyr[a [uslugs] / -h, ycKopjwTb [uskArât''] imyCKOpJHTb service, good turn, office; perf -HK), -HeiUb, -wuih, p npeAJiaraxb cboh [uskor^'it^] perf -lo, -h offer one's assistance; OKaaaxb ko-HJi, imp -b 1. quicken, hasten; accelerate; 2. precipitate My-Ji. nJioxyK) -^y do smb an occurrence, etc). ill turn; {events, an <> MeABCJKbfl
service;
ill
ycjiOBHle [uslovîya] n -n, pi -H, -H 1. condition {that on which smth else depends); o6H3aTejibHoe prerequisite; e indispensable / necessary condition; nocxaeHTb ~eM.., make it a condition that...; npH --H, qxo... on condition that..., provided...; 2. term, stipulation {of an agreement, etc); clause {of a contract, etc); 3. p/ conditions; circum-
~a co/^ disturn; k
eaiuHM
service;
'~aM
2)
1)
at
your
at your disposal. [usluzhl^'iycjiywjiHBlbiH

f
viy] a sh
^,
-a,
-o,
-bi
obliging, complaisant. ycjibimaxb see cjib'imaxb

1,
3.
ycMeui|Ka
smirk. ycH|yxb -emb, p
asleep.
[us^mêshka]
grin;
-KH, -eK smile,
| sneer,
-y,
fall
stances;
Hbie]
~H
6bIX0Bbie [}KHJIHmliving [housing] con-
[usnut'']
-yji,
perf
-h
imp
ditions; HH
npH KaKHX -^HX under no circumstances.

ycjiOBHxbcfl
see
ycjioBjiH-
BaXbCH.
ycjioBJiHBlaxbCJi [uslovl^'ivattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH, ycjioBJHXbCji [usl6vîttj9] perf -Jiiocb, -HuibCH, p -hjich, -bCH, -HJiacb, imp -bxecb arrange {with agree, smb
ycoBepiueHcxBoeaTb see coBepmeHcxBOBaxb. ycneBaeM0cx|b [us^pî^vagress,

ies);
yamas^t'', -z^'d^] / -h proresults {in one's stud-
HH3KaH
~b poor progress
results.
ycneeiaxb [us^pî^vat^] imycnjexb -aeuib, perf -aio,

fus^'p^'et*']
about smth,
to
do smth);
fix,
perf
{to
-eio,
-eeuib
1.
settle {the date, price, etc).
have time
do
smth);
be
yen
in
506
etc);
ycxajibiH [ustaliy] a tired weary, worn-out. ycTaHaBjiHB|aTb [ustAnav experiment, person, etc); 2. Pivat^] imperf -aio, -aeuib [ustauAvît^ pi advancement, progress {in ycxaHOBlHTb one's studies, etc); perf -jiK), ycxanoBHuib, p -hji <0 c xaKHM me -om with imp -H 1. set, put, place; in equal success, just as well. stall {machinery, equipment
time (for dinner, a train, 2. (no perf) advance, make progress {in one's studies, etc); He ~-aTb no apH^)MeTHKe lag behind in arithmetic; 3. succeed, be successful {in an undertaking). ycnex [us^pêkh, -gh] m -a, pi -H, -OB 1. success {of an
ycTaleaTb
perf
-Baft,
-K),
[ustAvat^]
im-
-eiiib,
p
-Ji,
-Baji,
imp
-Hy,
tire,
-Heuib,
ycraJTb p
[ustat**]
imp
get tired;
perf
perf -ub also be
tired.
[us^p^'eshn+y] ycneuiHlbiH a sh f ycnemen, -a, -o, -bi

successful {mission, etc). ycnoKaMBlaTb [uspAkaivat'']
imperf KOJHTb
-iiuib,
-aio,
-aeiiib,
ycnoperf
i.
[uspAkoit^]
-kd,
-HJi,
imp
-H
calm,
quiet {a child, etc); soothe {pain, one's conscience, etc}; 2. reassure, set at ease.
ycnoKaHBlaxbCji
C5i,
[uspAkai-aeuib-
(a gun); 2. estab laws, order, etc; 2) diplomatic relations, contact etc); 3. ascertain; establish {a the truth, smb's fact, identity, etc); 4. determine, fix {the price, time, etc). ycxanoBlKa [ustAnofka] / -KH, -OK 1. installing, mounting; 2. technol installation, plant; 3. aim, purpose, obetc);
mount
lish {!)
vattja] imperf -aiocb,
ject; at...,
4.
ycnoKOJHTbcsi
perf
-K)Cb,
[uspAkoi-HIlIbCH,
-HC5I,
BSHxb '-Ky have as an
Ha...
aim
ttS9]
p
-fi-
directions,
object...; instructions.
2.
-HJICH,
-HJiaCb,
imp
Tecb calm / quiet down {of a sick person, child, etc); aibCH Ha abate, subside;
rest on lauAocTHrnyTOM rels; OH He ycnoKOHTCH, noKa... he will never know
ycxapexb see cxapexb ycxaxb see ycxasaxb.

{speech,
etc).
a oral ycxHbiH [usniy] etc); examination, evidence, verbal (contract,
ycx6HHHB|biH [ustoychîviy]
a
s/i / ~', (/) prices,
rest until...
ycnoKOHTb
see
ycnoKOHTbcfl BaibCH.
ycnoKaHBaxb. see ycnoKaH-v]
-bi stable -o, weather, etc; 2) views, etc); firm, steady.
-a,
ycrae
1.
[ustaf,
regulations,
statute(s);
napxHH
UN
party Charter;
rules;
2.
~ ~ OOH
-a,
-ob
[ustraivat^] ycxpaHBJaxb imperf -aio, -aeiiib, ycxp6|.HXb

[ustroit^] perf
-HJI,
-lo,
-Hiub,
mil
regula-
tions;
manual.
organize, arrange {a meeting, exhibition, etc); give (a reception, etc);

-Pi
imp
1.
507
2. settle, put in order (one's 3. etc); matters, affairs, place (a child in school, a patient in hospital, etc);
1.
ycy
rush,
-Hiecb
2.
swarm
(to)
(to);
be
turned
(said
of
the eyes, gaze, look).
ycxpoHTb see ycxpaHBaxb. ycTpoHTb Koro-Ji. Ha pa66Ty ycxpoHXbCfl see ycxpaHsaxbprocure a job / a situation CH. ycTpoHXb kofo-ji. ycxpoflcxBlo [ustroystval n for smb; Ha Hoqb put smb up for the -a, 1. arranging, arrangeorganizanight; 4, col make (a scene, ment, organizing,
putting in order; 2. lay-out, plan (of a flat, etc); working principle, design (of a machine); 3. structure, systion;
trouble for smb); 5.: eauie npeAJiojKeHHe mchh -- aeT your offer suits me; axo eac âei? will that suit it you?; is
convenient to you? [ustraivaycTpaHBlarbcsi ttsa] imperf -aiocb, -aeuibCH,
(of a state); o6inecxBeHHoe --o social order; 4. mechanism-, contrivance, device.
tem
ycTp6'|HTbCfl [ustroittsa] perf -K)Cb, -HIUbCH, p -HJICH,

-Hjiaub,
imp
-HCH,
-ftiecb
1.
come right, straighten out, come out well; 2. get settled, settle (in a new flat, etc);
sit-uation; -aiixecb
ycTpoHTbcH Ha pa66Ty find a noyA66Hee succumb (to force, one's enemake yourself comfortable; mies, temptation, etc); ne axbCH OH yMeer he ~axb hold one's own; be knows on which side his inferior (to, in); 4. col abate, bread is buttered, he is very take off (the price); 5. col smart. money, as a let have (for ycTpaHHTb see ycxpaHHTb. favour, etc). ycTpaH|aTb ycxyn|Ka [ustupka] / -kh, [ustrAnât^j -neiub, ycrpa- -OK concession (in negotiaimperf -hk), HJHTb [ustrAnît^] perf -ib, tions, etc); HAXH Ha ~kh -Hiub, p -Hji, imp -H remove make concessions smb); (to
ycxynjaxb [ustupat^j imperf -2LK>, -aemb, ycxyn|HXb [ustupît^j perf -jivd, ycxyHHmb, p -HJI, imp -H 1. give up, surrender (one's rights, etc); cede (territory); 2. yield,
(an obstacle, barrier, etc); eliminate (errors, differences,

etc).
compromise
etc);
(in negotiations,
-h,
meet half-way. ycxb|e [us^'t^ya] n
-ee
ycTpcMHTbcfl
JIHTbCH. ycTpeMji|flTbcfl
see
ycTpeM-
estuary;
etc).
mouth
(of
river,
[ustrî^m-
ycyrySHTb
imperf rySJHXb
-jiK),
see ycyry6jiHXb.
Pattsa] imperf -niocb, -neuibCH, ycTpeM|HTbCfl [ustrî^mîttja] perf -Jiibcb, -HiubCH,
ycyry6ji|flTb
-hk),
[usugubPat^]
-nemb,
ycyperf
-H
[usugubît*"]
-HJiCH,
-HJiacb,
imp
-HCb,
-Huib,
-HJI,
imp
ycbi
508
yxeui|axb [utî^shat^] im-aeiub, perf -aio, yxeiJu|HXb [utêshit^] perf -y, -Hiub, p -HJI, imp -b comfort, console. yxHji|b [utîP] sal-h vage, scrap. yxHxjaxb [uf'ikhat^] imperf -aio, -aemb, yxMXHJyxb [utîkhnut''] perf -y, -euib, p yxHX, yxHXJia, imp -h cease, die down (of a noise, sounds); abate, subside (of a storm,
aggravate (an offence,

etc).
fault,
ycM
[usf] pi ycoB (sing yc
m
<>
yea)
moustache;
whiskers
(of in-
(of cats, etc);

sects);
feelers
KHTOBbiH yc whalebone; not H B yc He flyxb col care a hang.
See yCblHOBJIHTb. ycbiHOBji|flTb [usinAvPat^] imperf -hkd, -neuib, ycbiHOBJHTb [usinAv^'it^] perf -jiib, -Hiub,
yCMHOBHTb
etc).
-HJi,
imp
-H
adopt
(a boy).
yxKJa [utks] duck (a bird);

false report.
/
2.
-h,
yxoK
1.
fig canard,
ycbinHTb
perf -HK),
-HJI,
see ycbinjinxb.
-Heiiib,
-jik),
ycbinji|flTb [usiplât^]
[ustpît*'] perf
imycbin|HTb
-Huib,
yxojiHxb see yxoJiHXb.

yxoji|flXb [utAlâf*]
-HK),
lît**]
imperf
[utA-
-Heuib,
yXOJl|HXb
-K),
imp
to
-H
1.
lull to sleep;
perf
-H
-Hiub,
-HJI,
put
etc);
2.
sleep
(by
reading,
/
imp
quench
(thirst);
ap-
make drowsy
fig lull
sleepy; (suspicion, vigi-
lance, etc).
ycHAycb
[usâdus^,
of
-z^],
ycMfleuibCJi [usâdîshsâ] 1st
& 2nd
persons
ycecxbcn;
see ycajKHBaxbCH.
ycMjibCfl [usât^s's], ycH^bxecb [usât^'tîs^, -z^j imp of ycecxbCH; see ycajKHsaxbCH. yxBcpflHXb see yxsepHÂaxb
2.
pease (hunger). [utAmîyxoMHxejibH|biH t^'il^'nly] a sh f yxoMHxejieH, wearitiresome, -a, -o, -bi some; fatiguing, irksome. yxOiMHXb see yxoMJinxb, yxoMjiixb [utAmPat^] im-Hemb, yxoM|HXb perf -HK), [utAmît''] perf -Jiib, -Hiiib, p imp -H tire, weary, -HJI,
fatigue.
yxBepiKfljaxb
dat'']
[utvî^rzh-aio,
-aeiiib,
yxoHyxb see xonyxb. yxonjaxb [utApat**] imperf

-aio,
imperf
-aemb roll
(in luxury);
yxBcpflJHXb perf yxBep>Ky,
[utv''i^rdît^]
-Hiiib,
-hji,
B sejieHH in verdure.
axb
be
buried
imp -H I. (no perf) assert, hold, maintain; allege; 2. approve, endorse, sanction (a decision, plan, etc); ratify (a
treaty).
yxonHXb
-g]
see
xonHXb HI.
[utopPin^'ik,
yxonjiCHHHK
-a,
-ob
drowned man.
see
yxoHHMXb
yxoHH|flXb imperf -hk),
yxonnnxb.
yxec [utôs, -z] rock, crag, cliff.
-a,
-ob
[utAch^nât^] yxoH-nemb, HJMXb [utAch''n''it''l perf -ib,
509
-Huib,
yxy
-HJi,
imp
-H specify,
/
make more
definite
accu/
rate, define more accurately exactly. y^rpaxja [utrata] / -bi,

loss {to
~
a
yxo [ukha] n yxa, pi ymn, ymefi, yuiaM 1. ear {the organ of hearing); y Hero 6ojiht yuiH he has ear-ache; 2. pi ear-flaps {of a cap);
smb,
etc);
noHeciH
suffer
HaBocTpHTb
yiiiH
prick up
suffer a
loss;
one's ears; uienraTb
na yxo
bereavement.
[utr^m^nîy] a yTpeHHHH morning (attr). yxpeHHHK [utr^mîk, -g] m yxoA I [ukhot, -d] m -a morning per- departure, leaving; resigna-a, -OB theat
KOMy-ji. whisper in smb's ear; BjiioSiiTbCH no yuiH be head over ears in love.
formance, matinee. yTp|o [utra] n -a, pi -a, ~, -aM morning; no --aM in the morning(s); -^;^66poe --o! good morning! {said on meeting). yrpoM [utram] adv in the morning.
yxibr [utîik, -g]
(flat-)iron.
tion {from
office, etc);
with-
drawal
etc).
{from
conference,
-a, -6b
yxoA II [ukhot, -d] m -a attendance, care {of patients, etc); servicing, maintenance {of cars, equipment, etc). yxoaJHTb [ukhAdît^] imperf yxojKy, yxoAHmb, p -hji,
imp
/
-H,
yflxH
[uytî]
perf
yxa [ukha]
yxH fish-soup.
yxajKHBJaTb [ukhazhivat^] imperf -aio, -aeiub 1. nurse, take care {of a child, patient,
etc);
2. court, pay court {to), dance attendance {on); woo {a woman).
yHAy, yHAeiub, p ymeji, ymjia, imp yHAH 1. go away, deetc);

etc);
part, leave; 2. resign {a post, retire {from the stage,

3.
get
{one's
away
fate,
{from),
punishetc); 4. pass, elapse yxBafJHTbCfl [ukhvAtîttsa] {of time, years, etc); 5. be perf yxBaqycb, yxBaxHmbCH, spent, be consumed {of enerp -HJiCH, -HJiacb, imp -HCb, gy, time, money, etc); na 9xo -Hxecb 1. catch, grasp, lay yuijio xpH qaca it took three hold {of); 2. fig col seize hours; Ha sxo yxoAHX MHoro {an opportunity, etc); snatch Aener it costs a lot of mon{at an idea, proposal, etc). ey; 6. col run /boil over {of yXHTpHTbCJI seeyxHTpHTbCH. milk, etc); 7. fig devote yxHTplMTbCM [ukhîtr^'attsa] oneself, give oneself up {to -HeiubCH, science, work, etc). imperf -Hiocb, yxHTp|HTbcs! [ukhîtrîttsa] yxyAui|axb [ukhutshat^] perf -K)Cb, -HLUbCJI, p -HJICH, imperf aio, -aemb, yxyAuiJHXb -HJiacb, imp -HCb, -Hiecb col [ukhutshit^] perf -y, -Hiiib, contrive, manage {to do p -HJI, imp -H make worse, smth). worsen, deteriorate.
escape ment,
vue
yuejijCTb
-eio,
[utsi^Pet^j
-eeiiib
510
yneji [uch^'ol], ynjia [uch^la]
perf
remain
intact;
academic year; school year; ~biH HJiaH curriculum.

p of yqecTb; see ymiTbiBaxb. yHeHH|e [uchênîya] n -h,
learning, 1. studying, training, studies; apprenticeship; 2. teaching(s), doctrine; -ê JleHHHa the teaching of Lenin; 3.: BoeHHbie
-H
come
off unhurt; survive; escape {damage, destruction).
yvat^]
[uch^'astyMacTBloeaTb imperf -yio, -yeiub, p
-oeaji,
imp
-yft 2.
1.
take part,
participate;
share, have a
[uchâs^tîya] n participation complicity {in a crime, etc) 2. share {in a business, etc) sympathy, interest, con3.
-H
1.
share {in). yHacTHJe
part,
manoeuvres. yMCHHK [uch^'i^nîk,
-g]
cern;
<>
npHHHwaTb ~e
kom-ji.
-OB 1. student, learner, pupil; schoolboy; apprentice; 2. disciple, adherent. yHeH|biH [uchônty] I a sh
-a,
/
take interest in smb. yHdcTHHK [uchâs^nîk, -g] m -a, -OB participant; accomplice {in a crime); contestant, competitor; partner {in a game). yHacTJoK [uchâstak, -g] m plot {of lot, -KOB I. -Ka, section {of a part, land); the sector road, etc); {of
front);
3. 2.
-a,
-o,
-bi
1.
learned
{person); scientific {society, secretary, etc); academic (/) degree, etc; 2) discussion^
etc);
II
2. trained {animals, etc); as a noun yMeH|biH -oro, -bix scientist, scholar.
ward,
district;
branch, field {of work, ac-
tivity, etc).
ynecTb see yqwibmaTb. yHCT [uchôt, -d] m -a 1, calculation {of expenses, etc); stock-taking; accounting, balancing of accounts; 2. takaccount {circuming into
stances, facts, etc); 3. registra-
y4acT|b
[uch^'as^t'',
-z^'d^]
/ -H lot, fate, destiny.
yamiMHCJi [uchâsh^:iys''8]
tion, registry; register.
Cpaib
Ha
'-'
[pa] -erocji, -hxch student, learner, pupil. yneSja [uchôba] / -bi studnocjiaxb Ha studying; ies,
yHHJiHmIe
-a,
[uch''il''ish'':3]
~y send for a study [training].

-a,
course
of
school; colneAaroPHqecKoe lege; ~-e teachers' college. -h, yHHTCjiib [uch^'itîl''] pi -H, -eft teacher, master.
(special)
yMe6HHK [uch^'ebnîk, -g] -OB textbook, manual.
[uch^'itivat'*] yMHTbielaTb imperf -aio, -aeuib, yMecxb

[uch^'es^t''] perf
yMe6HlbiH educational
film, etc); ship, ances,
a [uch^'ebniy] {establishment, training {applietc);
yneji,
yqjia,
ymy, ymemb, imp ymri take
into account
etc).
{circumstances^
bift
vojy

yHH|Tb
[uchît^]
-ji,
511
4)aK
imperf
yqy, yqHuib, p teach, instruct;

learn; heart.
imp
2.
~- 1.
Tb naHsycTb
study, learn by
yHHlxbCJi [uch^'ittsa] imperj yqycb, yMHiubCH, p -jich,

-jiacb,
imp
-cb,
study (1)
to read, etc;
-xecb learn, 2) at
the university, etc).

d^'en'îya]
yiuH6 [uship, -b] -a, -ob injury, bruise. ymH6|axbcsi [ushibattja] imperf -aiocb, -aeiubCH, yiuH[ushibÎttja] SiHXbCJi perf -ycb, -eiubCH, p yiiiH6cH, yiiiHSjiacb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb hurt oneself, bruise oneself. ymejijbe [ushîel^ya] n -bH, -HH, -bHM ravine; gorge,
[uch^rî^zhynpejKAeHHie n -h, -h 1. foundsetting

2.
canyon.
ymep6
1.
[ush'^'ierp,
-b]
-a
ing,
ment;
up, establishestablishment, in-
damage, loss; detriment, injury, harm; b ~ 3;;op6BbK)

to the detriment of one's health; 6e3 --a ^.hh... without prejudice to...; 2.: Jiyna Ha e the moon is on the wane. yibx [uyut, -d] -a comfort, cosiness {in the home). y5i3BHM|biH [uyi^z'^vîmiy] a sh f --, -a, -o, -u vulnerable {to attack, criticism).
stitution
staff).
{social,
al, etc); office {the
educationquarters or
yqxH
[uch^tî]
imp
of
ynecTb; see yMHTbiBaxb.
ynxy
[uch^tu],
-zh] 1st
[uchMMsh,
ynxemb & 2nd
persons of yqecxb; see yMHXbiBaxb. yny [uchû] see yqnxb. ysicHHXb see yHCHHXb. yMycb [uchûs^, -z^l see yjicH|Hxb [uyi^s^nât^] imyqHXbCH. perf -HK), -HeiUb, yflCHlHXh yuieji [ushol], yiujia [ushla] [uyi^s^nît^] perf -ib, -Hiub, p of yfixH; see yxo^HTb. p -HJi, imp -H make out, size yuiH [ushi], yuiefi [ushey] up {circumstances, the situasee yxo. tion, etc).
4>
(|)a6pHK|a [fabrîka] / -h, factory, mill {mostly in li[^ht industry).
(t)aKx
[fakt, -gd]
fact; jiocxoBepHbiH
m -a, -ob ~ certain-
ty;
4)a6pHMH|biH [fAbrîch^niy] a 1. factory {attr); industrial, manufacturing; ~-oe npoHsb6;;cxbo manufacturing; an MapKa trade mark; 2. factory-
npHBOOTTb bi cite facts. 4)aKXHMecK|HH [fAktîchî-
skîy]
0! -an, -oe, -He actual {state of affairs, etc); factual;
virtual.
-made.
(i)aKyjibxex [fakul^têt, -d] -OB faculty, -a, de-
âji
{in
512
(|)aiiiH3M [fAshfzm] -a fascism. (l)auiHCTCKlHH [fAshtssk^'iy] a -an, -oe, -He fascist {attr).
partment
etc).
university,
[fal^sî-
(âjibCH(])HKai;H|$i
Pikatsiya] /
tion,
-h,
-h falsifica-
forgery; counterfeit. 0ajibiuHB|biH [fAPshfviy] a

1.
4)eBpaji|b [f'i^vral^]
-h
February.
(}}eAepajibHbiH [f'ldî^raPniy] a federal. 4)eAepaTHBHbiH [fîdîrAtîvniy] a federative.
sh f ^, -a, -0, -bi forged, counterfeit;
false,
2.
false
(note, etc); 3. false, affected, insincere. âMHJiH|fl [fAm^'ilîya] / -h,
family name. (|)aMHjibflpH|biif [famîPyarnty] a sh f âMHjibnpeH, -a, -o, -bi unceremonious, famil-H
(sur)name,
(t)eHepBepK [feyi^rverk, -g] -a, -OB firework(s).

(|)ejibeT6H [fîl^'yi^ton]
-a,
iar.
(|)aHep|a [fAnêra] / -bi veneer; plywood. [fAntazîya] / (})aHTa3Hlji -H, -H fancy; 1. fantasy, imagination; 2. fancy, dream; 3. col fancy, whim; eMy npHiiiJia B rojioBy h he took into his head; 4. mus it
-OB newspaper satire. ())eHOMeHajibH|biH [f^mamî^naPnty] a sh f 4)eH0Menajien, -a, -o, -bi phenomenal, outstanding.
(|]eoAajibH|biH [fîAdaPniy] a feudal; bie nepe^HXKH survivals of feudalism. (|)epM|a [fêrma] / -bi, farm, farmstead; ~a Kpyn-
Horo poraioro
-breeding farm.
cKoxa cattle-
fantasia.
s^t^'ich^'iskîy]
(|)aHTacTHMecKlHH [fantAa -an, -oe,

(|)apla
-He fantastic.
[fara] /
-bi,
head-
(|)epMep [fêrmîr] -a, -OB farmer. ())ecTHBaji|b [fîs^fîvaP] -H, -eft festival, fete.
m
a
light.
-a, tJjapxyK [fartuk, -g] -OB apron (a garment worn in front to protect the clothes).
(i[)ap(|)6p
4)eTpoBbiH
[fêtraviy'l
felt {attr).
(|)exTOBaHH|e [fîkhtAvanîya] n -h sport fencing.

4)Haji|Ka OK violet.
1.
[fArfor]
m
2.
-a
1,
[f'ialkaj
-kh,
china, -ware.
(|)apui
porcelain;
[farsh,
china-
-zh]
-a
stuffing {in cooking);
mhchoh
force-meat.
(t)ac6jilb
4)Hryp|a [fîgura] / -bi, figure {1) of a man, etc; 2) in geometry; 3) a person; 4) in dancing); 2. chess-man,
piece.
(})H3HK [fîz^'ik,
-g]
[fAsol^] / -H hari-
cot,
kidney bean?.
[fAson]
m
/
-a,
())ac6H
-a,
-ob
njia-
-OB physicist.
fashion style; CHHib TbH copy a dress.
f|}H3HK|a
[f'Îz'îka]
-h
physics.
513
(|)H3HOji6rH,si
^HjibM [fîPm]
ij)jie
[fîzîAlo-
-a,
-ob
gîya] / -h physiology. [fîz^lAnO(jlHSHOHOMHiH
motion picture; xyAOêcTBeHHbiH feature film;

film,
mîya] /
face.
-h, -h
physiognomy, jlOKyMeHTajibHbiH
mentary;
-^ docuXpOHHKajIbHblH
[f'izîchî4}H3MHecKJHH sk^'iy] a -an, -oe, -He 1. physical {strength, etc); -~-hh physical / manual la Tpy;t hour; 2. physics (attr), physical; ~HH Ka6HHeT physical laboratory.
news-reel; nojiHOMeipaHCHbift full-length film; KopoTKOMeipa^HbiH -^ a short. 4)HjibTploBaTb [f^'il^trAvat^]
imperf
-yio,
-yeuib,
-oBaji,
imp
1.
-yft
filter,
filtrate.
(|)H3KyjibTypla[fîskuPtLir9] / -bi (=4^H3HHecKaH KyjibTypa) physical culture, physical training; saHHMaxbCH --oft go in for athletics.
^HSKyjibrypHMK
turnîk, -g]
[fîskuP-ob athlete,
[f^'iskuP-
-ob -a, sport final; bhhTH B qualify for the final. (|)HHaHcoBbiH [fînansaviy] a financial; ô;^ fiscal year. (})HHaHc|bi [fînansi] pi -ob
finale;
2.
^HHaji
[fînal]
-a,
finance(s).
-eft
gymnast.
(|)H3KyjibTypHbiH
(l)MHHui [fînîsh, -zh] sport finish.
-a,
turniy] a: saji gymhall; napaii sports parade. ^HKTHBH|biH [ fîktîvnty ] a sh f 4)HKTHBeH, -a, -o, -w
4)HHH [fîn]m-a, -ob Finn. (i)HHCK|HH [fînskîy] a -an,

-oe,
-He Finnish.
4)H0JieT0BbiH
[fîAlêtaviy]
f
-bi,
fictitious,
(j)HjiHaji
fake,
sham.
a violet.
-a,
[fîPial]
m
m
-ob
branch
{of a firm,
etc).
-a,
(i)HpMla [fîrms] (bus'ness) firm.
-'
(|)HJiHH [fîPin] eagle-owl. 4}HjiHnnHH|ei;
-ob
nîtj,
-dz]
-ua,
[fîPipî-ues Fili-
(|)jiar [flak, -g] -a, -ob flag {of a country, etc); <> noA ~0M 1) in the name
{of);
pino.
2) under the guise (J)jiarMaH [flagman]

1.
{of).
-a,
2.
4)HJiHnnMHCK|HH [fîlîpînskîy] a -an, -oe, -HePhilipprine,
-ob naut flagship.
flag-officer;
Filipino.
(})HJIOJIOrHHeCK|HH gîchîskîy] a -an,
[fîblA-oe,
-He
philological.
^HJioc6(])H
I
$1
[fîlAsofîya]
[fîlAsof-
/ -H
philosophy.
philo-
(|)hjioc64)ck|hh
^jiaKOH [flAkon] -a, -ob bottle {of perfume, etc). 4)JiaHr [flank, -g] -a, -ob mil flank, wing; o6ohth c ~a outflank. [flAn'êP] / (})jiaHeji|b -h flannel {a material),
skîy] a -an, -oe, -ne sophical.
(|)jieHT|a
[fPeyta] /
-bi,
flute (a
musical instrument).
4)J1H
514
(|)jiHrejilb
[flîgîl^]
m
-a,
-h,
pi -H,
(|)jioT
-eft
wing
{of
a house);
outbuilding.
[flot,
-d]
navy; pe^Hoft inland water transport. -ob (|)jiioc [fPus, -z] m -a, med gumboil, swollen cheek.
fleet;
(|)jiflr|a
-ob
[flâga]
-h,
flask
(/or
carrying liquids);
mil also water-bottle. (jjofie [foye] n indecl foyer,

lobby.
(fjoKyc I -oB focus.
[fokus,
-z]
m m
-a,
pi
-a, (J)6Kyc II [fokus, -z] -OB 1. (conjuring) -bi,
3) ling); 3. uniform; 4. technol mould, form; <> 6biTb B ~e col feel fit, be in good shape. (|)0pMajibH0CT|b [fArmal^nas^t'', -z^d^] / -h formality. ôpMajibHJbiH [fArmaPniy] a sh f (|)opMajieH, -a, -o, -u formal {approach, etc). 4)opMaT [fArmat, -d] m -a, -OB size {of paper or of a book). 4)6pMeHH|biM [form^mly] a 1. uniform {attr); 2. col regular, downright. ôpMHp|oBaTb [farmîrAvat^]
-OBaji,
trick;
2.
{mostly
pi)
col
-a
imp erf -yio, -yeiub, p imp -yfl, ciôpMHpo[sfarmîrAvat^]

{a
whims,
tricks.
[fAl^'klor]
eaxb
perf
etc);
c|)0JibKJi6p
form,
government,
folk-lore.
(j)OH
OB^Tb x.apaKTep mould
the
-m,
[fon]
(o/
m
a
ground
Ha
-ob backpicture, etc);

-a,
character.
(fjopMyjija
[formula]
{in algebra,
~e
against
{of).
the
back-
formula
chem-
ground
istry, etc);
maxim,
rule.
-h, -eft (t)OHap|b [fAnar^] lantern; lamp, light; KapManHbift -~b electric torch. -a, pi -d] (JJOHA [font, -bi, -OB 1. fund, stock;
([)0pMyjiHp|0RaTb [farmuPiravat''] perf & imperf -yio,
-yemb, p -oBaji, imp mulate.
-yft for-
3apa6oTHOH
njiaTbi
wage
cipaHbi fund; seMejibHbiH the lands of a country; 2. pi funds, stocks. -a, -ob (})OHTaH [fAntan] fountain {of water, etc).
(J)OpcHp)oBaTb [fArs*'iravat^] perf & imperf -yio, -yeiUb, p -oBaJi, imp -yft 1. speed, intensify; step up, 2. mil force {a river, etc). (|)6pT0H|Ka [fortach^'ka] f
-KH,
-eK
fortochka
[fosfar]
{a
small
(l]opeji|b
[fAr^'el^]
/ -h,
-bi,
-eft
hinged window-pane).
t|)6c(f)op
troutl (})6pM!a [forma] /
-a
chem
-~
1.
phosphorus.
(jDOTo [fota] n indecl col= shape, form; KsaApaTHofl ~bi square in form; oxpbiBaTb ~y (|)OTorpa4)H5i 2. element of (j)OTO... first OT coAepJKaHHH divorce form from content; 2. form {1) in compounds pertaining to 'phoart; 2) of government, etc: tography' or 'light*: 4)OTo6y'i
515
^poHT
^pyKT
-OB fruit.
[front, -d]
<py*
photo[fotabumaga] Mara 4)OToaTejibe graphic paper; photographer's [fotAAtel^ye]

studio; (|)0T0JiK)5HTeJib [fotalûbîtJ'iP] amateur photog4)OT03JieMeHT [fotarapher; elî'^mênt, -d] photoelectric
cell;
-a,
-6b
-^,
mil front {also

[frukt,
fig).
-gd]
photopile. 4)OT6rpa(t [fAtograf, -v] -a, -OB photographer. (|)OTorpa(|)Hp|oBaTb [fatsgrA-
[iruktoviy] a caA orchard. (|)yHAaMeHT [fundam^mt, -d] m -a, -OB foundation, ground-
4)pyKT6BbiH
fruit {attr)\ --
work
{also fig); sayio^KHTb lay the foundation. (])yHAaMeHTajibH|biH [fun-a,
fîravat^] imperf -yK), -yeiub, -oBaji, imp -yfl, c;4)oto[sfatagrAfîrarpa^HpoBaxb
damî^ntal^nty] a
AaMeHTajieH,
-o, -bi
sh f ^ynfunda-
V9t^] perf photograph, take photograph pictures; take a

of.
mental, solid, substantial; ~bie sHaHHH thorough / profound knowledge; -ân 6h6j]H0TeKa main library.
(})OTorpa([)HploBaTbc [fatagrAf'iravattsa] imperf -yiocb, -yembCH, p -OBajiCH, -osajiacb,
imp
-yficH,
-yftiecb,
c:4>o-
Torpa(|)HpoBaTbC5i [sfatagrAPir8V9ttj9] perf col be photographed, have one's picture taken. (])OTorpa4)H fl [fatAgrafîya]
I
^yHKU,HOHHp|oBaTb [funktstAnîr9V9t^] imperf -yio, -yeuib, p -oBaji, imp -yft function, operate. (|)yHKi;H|si [funktjiya] / -h, pi -H, -ft- function {1) of the
pancreas, etc; 2) math); 2. {mostly pi) functions, duties. 4)yHT [funt, -d] m -a, -ob pound {a unit of weight); CTepjiHHroB <> pound
photography; 2. photograph, picture; 3. photographer's studio.

/
-H,
-H
1.
(|)pa3|a
[fraz9]
-bi,
sterling,
utterance, sentence.
(j)paK [frak, -a, -ob -g] dress coat, tail-coat. t})paKUH|j! [fraktjiya] / -h, -H pol faction.
(jpypim [fur ash, -zh] -a forage, fodder. (j)ypa3K|Ka [furashka] / -kh, -eK (peak-)cap; service cap. 4)ypr6H [furgon] -a, -ob
waggon {with a
(i)yT66ji
roof).
(t)paHT
[frant,
-d]
-a, -ob
[fudbol]
m
m
-a
foot-
dandy.
(J)paHuy3
-a,
[frAntsus,
-z]
m
^He
-OB
Frenchman.
[frAntsu-oe,
(|)paHUy3CK|HH skîy] a -an, French.

[frakht, OB naut freight.
(J)paxT
ball, soccer. (|)yT6ojiHCT [fudbAlîst, -zd] -a, -OB football-player. 4)yTJip [futPar] -a, -ob case glasses, jewels, {for
etc).
gd]
-a,
4)y(|}aHK|a
[fufayk9]
-h,
4)y4)aeK jersey, sweater.
xaji
516
X
xajiax [khAlat, -d] -a, -ob oriental robe; 2. dressing-gown; smock {of a doctor); pa66qHH overall. xajiaTH|biH [khAlatniy] a sh f xaJiaTCH, -o, -bi -a, careless, negligent; oe oxHOLueHHe K AeJiy neglect of
1.
XBaji|HTb [khvAlît^] imperf -K>, XBa.THIIJb, p -MJl, imp -H, noixBajiHTb [pakhvAlît^] perf praise, commend. XBajiJHTbca [khvApittâ] imperf -tbch, XBajiHiubCH, p
-HJicH,
-HJiacb,
imp
-HCb, -h-
lecb,
noiXBajiMTbCJi
one's work. xajiTyp|HTb
lîttja]
[pakhvAperf co/=xBacTaTbCH.
[khvastattja]
-aeiiibCH,
[khAlturît^]
XBacxIaxbCJi
-aiocb,
imperf
-b col
-lo,
1.
-HUJb,
-hji,
imp imperf
be a pot-boiler, do hack-work; do smth as a side-line;

2.
xBacxaxbCfl
noitPÎ<hvastattja] perf brag, boaSt.
work
in a
slipshod
manner. xaHKJa [khAnzha]

-H,
-efi
m &
xBaxjaxb I [khvAtat^] imperf -aio, -aeujb, cxBax|HXb [skhvAtît^] cxBaqy, perf

cxBaiHiub,
bigot,
canting hypo-z]
-HJI,
imp
-h
crite.
xaoc [khAos,
os,
-a cha-
mess.
xapaKxep [khAraktîr]
-a,
disposition, temper, -OB 1. character; qejioBCK c ~om a character; 2. nature {of the
soil,
illness, etc).
xapaKTepMsjtoeaTb [kharaktîrîzAvat''] perf & imperf

-yK),
snatch, seize, grasp, grip; axb Ha jiexy be very <> quick to grasp; ^-axb sa aYuiy tug at one's heart-strings. xeaxjaxb II [khvAtat^] imperf -aex, xeaxHXb [khvAtît''] perf xBaiHx impers suffice, be sufficient / enough; last period of (out) {a certain
time);
jxener
eiviy
~hjio na
-yeujb,
1. -yft define, characterize, ,be
imp MecHu the money lasted him describe; 2. a month; mhc He ~aex Bpecharacteris- MCHH I am short of time;
-OBaji,
tic
of.
xapaKTepHCTHKJa
acter
er,
[kharak-
y Hero ~hjio cmcjiocxh... he had the courage...; <> axoro eme He -"ajio! col
that's a bit too thickl; xHx! col 1) that will
2)
I
{written by an employ-
xeado!;
3)
etc).
xapaKTepH|biH [kharAkt^'erniy] a sh f xapaKrepeH, -a,

-o,
-bi
1.
have had enough!; stop it!, enough of that!
etc);
2.
typical {example, characteristic, dis3.
tinctive;
theat
character
XBax|axbCfl [khvAtattja] imperf -aKDCb, -aeuibCH, cxea[skhvAf'ittsa] xJHXbCJi perf
(attr) {dance, etc).
cxBaqycb,
cxeaxHuibca,
517
XJIO
-HJICH,
-HJiaCb,
1.
tmp
-HCb,
snatch {at), catch (at); 2. fig take up eagerly {work, reading, etc); -âxbcji sa cojioMHHKy <> catch at a straw.
-Hxecb
xHxplbiH [khîtriy] a sh f XHxep, -a, -o, -bi 1. sly. cun-
nmg,
crafty;
2.
col intricate,
involved. xH[u,HHK
-a,
-OB
xBaxHTb
niferous.
-aio,
II. see xeaTaib xBOHHbiH [khvoyniy] a co-
bird of derer
.
[khîsh^-.nîk, -g] beast of prey; prey; 2. fig plun1.
xhiuhhmcckIhh [khîsh^:nî-
xBop|aTb [khvArat^] imperf chîskîy] a -an, -oe, -ne rapacious, predatory. -aeuib col be ill. XBOCT [khvost, -zd] m -a, xHmHJbiH [khîsh^-.niy] a 1. -bi -OB 1. tail {1) of an animal; sh f XHui.eH, -a, -o, raptorial; -~biH 2) of a comet, meteor); 2. end, predatory, tail-end; rear; 3. col 3Bepb beast of prey; 2. tail, fig
one's tail between one's legs; Bep-
queue, line; <> noA^Karb
have
rapacious, grasping. xjiaAH0Kp6BH|biH [khbduAkrovniy] a sh.f xjiaAHOKpoeen,

-a,
TCTb ~6m cringe. xH>KHH|a [khîzhtna]

--
-o,
-bi
cool,
composrubbish;
-bi,
ed, cool-headed; cold-blooded.
xHJi|biH
cabin, hut, shack. a [ khîliy]
xjiaM [khlam]
-a
~, -a, -0, -bi sickly, XHMHK [khîm^'ik, -g]

-OB chemist, student of
istry.
sh f puny.
lumber.
xjie6
[khPep,
(-a),
-b]
1.
-a,
-a,
pi
-bi
-OB (-6b)
chem-
xHMHHecKlHH [khîmîchîskîy] a -an, -oe, -He chemical; ~afl MHCTKa dry-cleaning.
xhmh|si [khîmîya] / -h chemistry. xHHla [khîna] / -bi quinine.
3apa6axbiBaxb ce6e na one's living; 2. {pi -u, -oe) loaf (of bread); 3. {pi -a, -6b) grain, grain crops; Ha KopHK) standing corn; HpoBbie ~a spring crops; osHMbie ~a winter crops. xjicB [khlêf, -v] -a, pi -a, -6b pigsty cattle-shed;
bread; earn
{also fig).
xHpypr
[kh^'irurk, -g]
-a,
-OB surgeon.
-H
xHpyprHJsi [khîrurgîya] / surgery {treatment by op-
eration).
xHTpocxlb
-z^d''] / -H,
-efl
[khîtras^'t^,
1.
cunning,
slyness, guile;
2.
ruse, strata-
gem,
trick;
nycxHXbCH Ha
~h
resort to cunning.
xjionjaxb [khl6p9t^] imperf xji6nH|yxb [khl6pnut^] perf -y, -emb, p -yji, imp -H 1. bang, slam; --axb 2. flBepbK) slam the door; clap {at a concert, etc); ~axb B JiaômH clap one's hands; 3. flap {the wings, etc); ~axb Kor6-Ji. no cnHHe slap smb on the back;
-aio, -aeiub,
XJIO
518
imperf
-HJiacb,
-locb, -HiiibCH,
atb yuiaiMH col look <> understand nothing. blank, xji6n|oK [khlopak, -g] -Ka cotton; cotton-plant. xjionoT|aTb [khbpAtat^] imperf xjionoMy, xJionoqeuib, p -a;i, imp xjiohohh, nojxjionoxaTb [pakhbpAtat^] perf {no perf) bustle about, 1. toil and moil, be up and about; 2. solicit {favours, an
-hjich,
imp
1.
-bCH,
-bxecb,
[nAkhmur^'ifrown, scowl; 2. ffg be overcast, grow cloudy, XMypjbiH [khmuriy] a sh f

ttS8] perf
HaixMypHXbcji
~,
len,
-a,
-o,
-bi
1.
surly; 2. fig overcast, cloudy.
gloomy, sulgloomy,
-d]
x66ox
-OB
[khobat,
m
(-y),
-a,
office,
etc,
3.
for
oneself
or
xjio.-
trunk {of an elephant); proboscis {of insects).
smb);
plead {for). xji6noT|bi [khl6p9tf 1 p/
xoA Ikhot,
-b'l
-d]
-a
pi
noT, -aM 1. bustle, fuss; 2. trouble {inconvenience, extra work); HaAejiaib KOMy-ji. xjionoT give smb a lot of trouble; HecTOHT xjionoT it is not worth the trouble; Bce --bi nponaJiH AapoM the efforts were wasted; <> y Hero xjionor nojiOH per his hands- are full. col xjionbjfl [khlop^'ya] pi -ee flakes {of snow, etc). xjibiH|yTb [khlinut''] perf -ex, p -yji 1. gush out, spout, y;i AO>K;ib the rain spurt;
-OB (-0B) 1. motion, movement, run; speed; aa^(-bi),
HHH
--
backward motion,
Ha
re-
verse;
in
motion;
in
working order [also see <>]; no ~y qacoBOH cxpejiKH clockfig course, develop-Mbicjieft progress; train of thought; 3. entrance, entry; passage, passage-way;
wise;
2.
ment,
4.
<C>
move
{in chess,
etc)-,
nycxHXb
6bixb
'-'
set
in
mo-
t'on;
vogue, be
e ^y in great
in be demand;
came down
TOJina
in
torrents;
2.:
yjia
rushed
crowd
Bbixo^y the to the exit.

-zd]
nojiHbiM ~0M in full swing, well under way; eMyHCAaioT ~a col they won't give him a chance; Ha ~y in passing, hastily; without sitting down.
[khltst, -OB whip, lash.

xjibicT
-a,
xoAM|xb [khAd^'it^]
xoH^y, xoAHUib, p
-Ji,
imperf
imp
-^
xMejijb [khm'êl^l -h 1. bot hop, hops; 2. drunkenness, intoxication; bo ~k) in a state of drunkenness.
[cf
HATH
1,
2]
1.
go,
walk,
nnxaivi
move
3a
{along);
-^-xb
no
xMyp|HTb
perf
-K),
[khmur^'it'']
im-b,
-HUJb,
-HJi,
imp
follow /tread on smb's heels; -xb na jibi>Kax ski; 2. go, run {of a bus, etc); ne xoaht noeaâ cero^Hg
KeM-Ji.
is
HaixMypHTb [nAkhmur^'itî there perf: HXb 6p6BH knit one's day;

brows. XMyp|HTbCfi
[khmur'*itt3]
{of
no train service
visit,
etc);
to-
3.
lectures,
watch,
attend {school, work, go 4. xb 5.; etc);

move,
519
xop
xojioA [khobt, -d] -a (-y), -a, -OB cold (low tempera-
B najibTo [b iiijinne u m. n.] wear a coat [hat, etc]; 6.
pi
make
move
{in
ture);
chess, etc); 7. take care (of), nurse (a patient, etc); 0> '-Tb BOKpyr Aa okojio col
ten
below zero, 10C; nocHHexb ox â be
AecHTb degrees
rpaAycoB
~a
beat about the bush. [khAd^ba] / -bi xoAi>6|a walking, pacing; xyAa uHib
blue with cold.
MHHyr bi
utes' walk.
it"s
a five
see
min-
[khalAdîPxojioAHJibHHK nîk, -g] -a, -gb 1. refrigerator, ice-box; 2. cold storage.
xojioflHo
[khobdna]
xoKy [khAzhu]
xoAHXb.
-a, xosflHH [khAzâin] pi xosHesa, xoaneB I. master, owner; boss; 2. : oh xopoiuHH hie and industrious is thrifty; 3. host (entertaining guests in his own home);
<0>
OH caM ce6e
coldly {also fig); oxnecxikb K KOMy-ji. treat smb coldly; II impers predic it is cold; ceroAHH ~ it is cold today; eMy he is cold. xcjioahIwh [khAlodniy] a sh f xojiOAeH, -a, -o, -bi (-bi)
adv
he
is
his
master, xosflHHHHJaTb (khAzâyn'ich8t^] imperf -aio, -aeuib 1. keep house, manage a household; 2. plav the master,
lord
it.
own
xo3flHCTB[o [khAzâystva] n -a, I. economy {world, rural, etc); cejibCKoe ' o agriculture; HapoAHoe --o national economy; ropo^cKoe -o
cold, cool (also fig); <> 06 opyHe side-arms. xojiocx|6h [khalAstoy] a sh f xojiocx, -a, xojiocxo, xojiocxbi 1. single, unmarried; 2. technol idle, dummy; oh xoA idle running, idling; 3. mil blank (cartridge, shot,
etc).
xojiocTflK [khalAs^tâk, -g] -a, -OB bachelor, unmar-
municipal economy; farm; e^HHojiHWHoe

vidual farm; 3.:
TbiM no the house.
2.
agric
indi-
6biTb
aaHH-
~y
be busy
about
xoKKe|H [khAkêy] m -h hockey; -^-h c maH6oH ice hockey, Canadian hockey; ft c M^qoM ice hockey with the ball, Russian hockey. xojiepja [khAêra] f -umed
cholera. xojiM [kholm]
hill,
ried man. xojicT [kholst, -zd] -a, -OB canvas (1) a coarse cloth; 2) an oil-painting). xop [khor] -a, pi -u (-u), -OB (-0B) 1. chorus, choir; 2. chorus (group utterance). xopear [khArvat, -d] -a, -OB Croatian, Croat. xopBaTCK|HH [khArvatsk^'iy] a -an, -oe, -He Croatian.
xopoM
chorus.
[khoram]
adv
in
-a,
-6b
xopoH|HTb [kharAn'it^] imperf

-K),
hillock.
XOpOHHUIb,
-HJI,
xop
-H,
520
like /choose; xoqeiub He x6neuib col willy-nilly. xoxexbcji [khAtêttja] imperf xowexcH impers: mhc x6-
imp
noixopoHHTb [pakhabury, inter.
FAnît''] perf
xopomeHbKlHH [khAroshan''kîy] a -aa, -oe, -He pretty,

nice;
âsi HCTopHfl! col pretty kettle of fish!;
^
I
qexcH cnaxb
a
eft
want
to sleep;
xoqexcH
noftxri
xyâ
enougti noHeMHOJKKy col is as good as a feast.
oro would
a
like to
go there;
I
she she
1.
wants to go there. xoxb [khot^, -d^]
cj
xop6iu|HH [ktiAroshty]
-aH, -ee, -He, sh f good {music, -H 1.
-a, -6,
worker, supper, etc); 2. {only sh f) beautiful, good-looking; xopomjee n II as a noun -ero: mto ~ero? what's the good news?; nnqero ero h3 SToro He noJiy^HTCH no good
will
denoting concession or con trast though, although; nosAHo, ona Bce >Ke npnêx
come
of
it.
though it is late she will come; 2.: MOKpuft, ~ bbihcmh wringing wet; y6eft, hhMero He noHHMaio I don't understand it for the life of me; II part intens 1, at least; MHC Hy>KHO ~- ABa Maca I want
least two hours; 2. even, you like; ~ aasxpa tomorrow if you like, even tomorat
if
xopouio [kharAsho] I adv well {1) in good manner or style; 2) thoroughly); bbi CACJiaeie, ecjin npoHHTaexe sxy KHHry you would do well to read this book; II impers predic it is nice, it is pleasant, it is good; mhc 3Aecb I am comfortable here, qxo oh I feel good here; npHuieji it is nice that he has come; 6biJio 6bi , ecjiH 6bi... it would be a good / fine thing it is if...; ^ BaM roBopHTb all very well for you to say; part affirmative very III Weill, all rightl, good! xOTJexb [khAt^'et*'] imperf xoqy, xoqeuib, xonet, -hm, -Hie, -HT, p -eji, saixoTeTb [zakhAtêt''] perf want, wish; xoxeib cnaxb want to sleep; ~e;i 6bi yBHAexbee I'd like fl
,
row;
-0^
even if; eiviy 6bi hto col he doesn't care; 6bi h xaK even if it were so. xox [khAfâ] cj denoting
2)
6bi
1)
wish;
if
only;
concession or contrast though, meji AOHCAb, mu although; noexajiH 3a ropOA though it was raining we went to the country; oh nosBOHHJi mhc, h qyBCXBOBaji ce6a njioxo
he rang me up though he unwell / in spite of the that he felt unwell;

<>
2)
if
felt
fact
even if; 6bi h xaK even it were so. xoxox [khokhat, -d] m -a
6bi
1)
wish;
if
only;
to see her; <> KaK. -Hxe
(loud) laughter. xoxox|axb [khakhAtat''] /mperfj
just
as
you
xoxoHy,
xoxoêuib,

-kji,
521
xyA
imp
xoxoMH
laugh,
scream with
flo
ynajty
laughter;
axb
see
split one's sides
with laughter.
xoHexcsi
[khoch'ittsa]
the mark; y Hero ~-aex apH4)MexHKa his arithmetic is poor. xpoM|6H [khrAmoy] I a sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi lame, limping;
II
xoneuib [khoch^'ish, -zh] see xoxeib. xpa6p|biH [khrabriy] a sh f --, -a, -o, -bi brave, valiant, courageous. xpaM [khram] m -a, -ob temple, shrine. [khrAnênîya] xpaHCHHle n -H keeping, custody; storing, storage; njiaxa 3a e storage fee; Aaxb KOMy-ji. qxo-Ji. Ha ~e leave smth in smb's safe-keeping. xpaH|HXb [khrAnît^] imperf -K), -HUJb, p -HJi, imp -h keep {old letters, money 1. in a savings-bank, etc; smth
one's memory); guard, guard;
in
<0>
XOXeTbCH, xoHy [khAchû],
as
a noun
-bix
xpoM|6H m
man;
/
-oft,
-oro,
lame
lame
-bix
-h,
boy;
xpoM|aH
chronicle
lame woman; lame girl. xpoHHKia fkhronîka] /
1.
(a
record); 2. news {in newspapers,

-reel.
historical of the day

etc);
news-
xpoHH4ecK|HH
chîskîy] chronic.
[khrAnî-oe,
-an,
-He
xpynK|HJf
-an,
-a,
[khrupkîy]
sh
1.
-oe,
-o,
-He,
-H
2.
f xpynoK, fragile, frail;
brittle;
etc).
delicate
{health,
xpycxajijb [khrustap]
cut-glass, crystal; -glass ware.
1.
2.
safe-
2.
-A cut-
~HXb
HXG-JI.
raHHC
im-
keep smth secret. xpanjexb [khrApêt^] perf -jiK), -Hiub, p -eji,
imp
-H 1. snore; 2. snort {of a horse). xpeSjex [khrî^bêt, -d] -xa, -xoB 1. spine, backbone; 2. mountain range. xpeH [khrên] -a horse-radish. xpHnjexb [khrîpêt^] imperf -JIK), -Hiub, p -eji, imp -H 1. wheeze; 2. speak hoarse-
xpycxjexb [khrus^têt^] /mperf -Hx, p -eji, xpycxHJyxb [khrusnut^] perf -ex, p -yji crunch. xyAiexb [khudêt^] imperf
-eK),
-eeuib,
flesh,
no;xyfl.exb
'
khudêt^]
lose
perf
grow
I
[pathin,
ill,
lose weight.
xyAo
badly;
II
ill;
[khuda]
adv
impers predic: mhc
~
it
feel
eMy npnuijiocb
-^
fared
ill
with him; he had
bad
time.
ly-
xpoMJaxb
[khrAmat^]
im-
xyA6%ecxBeHH|biH [khudozhas^t^v^mnty] a sh f xyAoscecxeeH,

{taste,
-a, -o,
-bi
per) -aK), -aeuib 1. limp; 2. fig col be poor, leave much to be desired, not be up to
artistic
etc);
~oe
art.
npoHSBeAe-
HHe work of
xyfl
522
xyAOMHHK [khudozhnîk,
-g]
-a,
-OB
I
artist;
painter.
-ero:
xyAJoH
[khudoy]
sh f
noun xyAiulee n nepeMena k ~eMy change for the worse; caMoe

II
as
-a,
-o, -bi lean, tliin;
ema-
ciated, gaunt.
xyAJOM
-',
-a,
2.
II
-o,
-bi
[khudoy] a sh f 1. bad, wicked,
evil;
col
--b'le
bare;
worn out, thread60THHKH boots
with holes
them. [khudAsh^:axyAOiii,aB|biH viy] a sh /, -a, -o, -bi lean,

in
spare. xyAiii|HH fkhutshiy] I -an, -ee, -He super I of xyAoft II & njioxoH;
the worst (thing). xyjKe [khuzht^] I comp 1. of xyAOH II & corresp adv\ 2. of njioxoH & corresp adv, II impers predic: euy cxajio he is worse; so much the worse; <> TeiM Bcero worst of all. xyjiHraH [khul^'igan] -a, -oB hooligan, ruffian. xyrop [khutar] -a, pi -a, -OB khutor (a separated farm);
ee
farm(stead).
u
iânljin
[tsapl^'a]
f-m\,-ejib
uapjb
tsar;
[tjar^]
-h,
-eft
heron.
~b
SBepeft
king
of
uapanlaTb
perf
-aio,
[tjArapat**]
im-
beasts.
-xy,
-aeiub,
HJyTb
[tjArapnut^j
u,apanperf -y,
ueelcTH [isvî^sîî] imperf -leiub, p UBCJi, -Jia, imp

1.
-eiiib, p -yji, imp -h 1. scratch, bruise; 2. {no perf) col scratch, scribble. i;apan|aTbcsi [tjArapattja] imperf-QKxib, -aeiiibCH scratch, scrape; scratch oneself.
-TH
fig);
flower,
bloom
{also
{of
2.
be overgrown
-d]
a
-a,
pond, etc). ueex I [tjv^'et,

pi
-a,
-OB
colour;
jiHua
complexion; ocHOBUbie -^-a phys primary colours. -bi, ueex II [tjv'êt, -d] m -a iâpanHyTb see uapanaib 1. (-y) 1. flower, prime; b ~y i;ap|HTb [tjArît''] imperf in bloom. In blossom; 2. fig -K), -HUJb, p -Hji, imp -H reign flower, pick; {also fig). <> BO ê jiex in the prime uapcTBJo [tsarstva] n -a, -~ of life. reign {of a monarch); 2. 1. ueexHloH [tsv^'i'^tnoy] a colkingdom, realm {also fig); our {attr), coloured; jKHBOTHoe ~o animal king- <> ~bie MexajiJibi non-ferrous
uapanHH|a
[tjArap'îna] ' scratch, graze.
dom
world.
metals.
523
^BeTl6K
rKa,
ueH
[tsvî^tok, -g]
imp
-OB flower, pi -bi, 1. blossom; 2. pi flowers; komHaiHbie ~bi indoor-plants.
-yft, noiuejiOBaxb [patsalAvat^] perf kiss. Uejl|OBaTbCJI [tj8lAVattS3] imperf -ywcb, -yeiiibCH, p
^BeTyI^|HH [tsvî*^tush^:iy] -OBajiCH, -osajiacb, imp -yflcH, a [pa] -aH, -ee, -He h blos- -yHiecb, noiuejioBaTbCfl [pasoming, flowering; 2. very tjalAvattsa] perf kiss. [tseliy] healthy, blooming; y Hero U,eji|biH \ a sh f ~HH BHA he is a picture of -a, -o, -bi 1. intac4, safe; health. 2. whole, entire; ûh Aenb umh qacaMH i;BeTu [tjvî^tl] see UBe- all day long; for hours on end; 3.: TOK 2. ^bift UCAJHTb [tst^dît^] imperf pHA BonpocoB quite a number
,
uexcy, ueAHiiib,
1.
-hji,
/mp
-h
strain,
filter;
2. co/:
~HTb
CJIOBa,
'HTb
/
speak through
CKB03b 3y6bl with set teeth.
of questions; II as a noun (the) whole;

<>
uejijoe n -ore
HeBpeAHM safe and
UCHjioHlei; [tji^ylon^'its, -dz] -ua, -ueB Ceylonese.
sound.
uejijb [tsel^] / -h, -ch 1. target, mark; mil objective; hit the bull's nonacTb b
[tsi'^ylonêHJIdHCKlHH skîy] a -an, -oe, -He Ceylon-
~b
eye / mark; ne nonacxb b --'b i;edie6H|biH [tsi^l^'ebniy] a miss the mark {also fig); 2. sh f uejie6eH. -a, -o, -bi sa- aim, goal, object, purpose; lubrious, healthy; biexpaBbi KOHeqnaH -b ultimate goal; medicinal herbs. npecjieAOBaxb >-b pursue the ^CJlecoo6pa3H biil [tsalîsA- aim (of); oxBewaxb h anAbrazniy] a sh f uejiecoo6- swer the purpose.
ese,
(attr).
j
Ceylon
cement. [tsal^'ikom] u.ejiHKGM adv ueHJa [tjl^na] / -u, aco 1. (as a) whole; oh nporjio- ueny, pi uenbi, ^ 1. price; THJi Bce he swallowed the cost; BSBHuqHBaxb uenu inflate whole of it; 2. wholly, com- prices; 2. fig price, worth; pletely. <> --OK) XII3HH at the cost uejiHHJa [tjaPina] / -u new / of one's life; axoMy Hex 'W virgin soil; no 'C across it is beyond price. country. i;eH3yp|a [tji^nzura] / -u
a
>
pasen, -a, advisable.
-o,
-u expedient,
iêMCHx
[tsi^m'ent,
-d]
perf -K)Cb,
{aty,
uejiJHTbcsi [tsePittS9] im-HUIbCH, p -HJICH, -HJiacb, imp -bCH, -bxecb aim
censorship.
ueHlHXb
-K),
[tji^nît^]
imperf
take aim. ueji|0BaTb [tjalAvat^] imperf -yio, -yeujb, p -osaji,
ueHHuib, p -HJI, imp -H estimate, value; appreciate; BbicoKo ~-HXb set much store Koro-ji. by; BucoKO ~HXb
UeH
highly appreciate smb;
cjihui-^-HTfa
524
6e3 Aa^bHeftiuHX ft col without any further formalities / ado.
Overrate. [tjennas^t^, ueHH0CT|b -z^d^] / -H, pi -H, -eft 1. val2. {mostly pi) ue, worth;
KOM BbicoKo
uepK|oBb
[tserkaf'',
-v^] /
-BH, pi -BH, -Beft,
-BaM church;
the Greek
valuables. ueHHlbiH [tjenniy] a sh f ueneH, -a, -o, -u valuable;

<> -âji nocbijiKa registered parcel (with a statement of value). ueHTHep [tjen^tnîr] -a, -OB metric centner {100 kg). ucHTp [tjentr] -a, -ob centre; AHpeKTHBbi --a directives of a central body; 6biTb B ~e BHHMaHHfl be the focus of attention.
npaBocjiaBHaH
oBb
Orthodox Church. uex [tjekh, -gh]

-H (-a),
m
shop
-a,
pi
-OB
(-6b)
{at
factory, etc); rolling shop;
npoKaxHbift c66poqHbifl -^
assembly shop.
UHBHjiHsauHlfl [tjivîPizatj^ya] / -H, -ft civilization; culture. -ob 1. -a, UHKji [ts*kl] cycle; 2.: - jickuhh [cthxob u m. n.] a series of lectures
ueHTpajibHJbiH [tsi^ntraPniy] a central; bie raaexbi national newspapers; ^biH nanaAaiomHH sport centre forward. uenK|HH [tjepkîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f uenoK, -a, -o, -H tenacious {also fig).
uenji|flTbCJi
[poems, etc]. UHKjioH [tjiklon]

cyclone'.
-a,
-ob
UHHr[a [tjtnga]/-H scurvy. UHHHHHJbiH [tjinîch^niy] a sh f uHHHHeH, -a, -o, -bi

cynic(al). UMHK [tjink, -g]
-a zinc.
uen|b [tjep^] / -h, pi -h, -bi, cistern, tank. chain {also fig); nocaUMTarja [tjitata] / -bi, AHTb Ha ~b chain; 2. pi fig quotation, citation. bonds, shackles; 3. chain of UHTiipioBaTb [tjUîravat^] 4. mountains; mil line; imperf -yio, -yeuib, p -OBaji, npojuHTHpoBaTb 5. electr electric circuit. imp -yft, uepeMOHlMTbCfl [tjar^'i'^mo- [pratjif'iravat^] perf quote, nîttja] imperf -locb, -Huib- cite.
-eft 1.
UMpK [tjirk, -g] m -a, -ob imperf -HKDCb, -HeuibCH clutch circus (Me show or building). {at)\ cling {also fig), UHCTepH|a [tjis^têrna] /
[tsi^plâttja]
CH, -bCH,
-HjicH,
-HJiacb,
imp
-bxecb 1. stand on ceremony; He -'bcn! make your-
UM(|)ep6jiaT [tjifî^rblat, -d] -a, -OB dial(-plate), face
{of
self at
home!;
2.
treat
with
luminous
timepiece); CBexHiAHftcH dial.
lenience, indulge.
uepeMOHHifi nîya] / -h,
[tjarî^mo-ft
[tsifra] / -bi, UH(J)p|a figure, cipher; number,
nu-
ceremony;
meral.
525
i^biraH [tsigan] '^ Gipsy.
.
~
prov
Mac
-a,
pl-e,
<> ubinjiflT
K)T
no oceHH cHHTadon't count your before they are
[tsiganskîy] UbiraHCKJHH a -an, -oe, -He Gipsy.

ubinjieHJoK [tsiplônak, -g] -Ka, pi ubinjiaxa, ubinjiHX chicken, chick;
chickens hatched. UbinoHKlM [tsipach^k'î] pi: Ha ax on tiptoe; xoAHXb na
ax
tiptoe.
HaA [chât,
-d]
m
naH
-a
(-y)
fumes, smoke. nafl [chây] m 1. tea {plant and

2.
luck!; cxonxb na sentry.
ax
stand
(qaio)
beverage);
tea -party; <> npMrjiacHTb Ha nauiKy nin col ask to tea; aaBaxb Ha give a tip (to a waiter, etc). HaHK|a [ch^'ayka] / -h, qaeK (sea-)gull.
HaHHMK
-a,
[châynîk, -g]
HacoBJOH I [chîsAvoy] a hour-long, haur's; -an onjiaxa payment by the hour. HacoBOH II [chîsAv6y] a clock (attr), watch (attr). HacoB|6H III [chîsAvoy] -6ro, -bix sentry, sentinel. HacxHiija [chî^s^tîtj8] /
-bi,
1.
fraction,
particle;
-OB tea-kettle; tea-pot. -a (-y) Mac [châs, -z]
(with
TpH, Hexbipe ABa, hour -u, -6b 1. qaca), pi (1) sixty minutes; 2) point, period); nOciTopa ~-a an hour
ling particle. 4acxH|biH [châsnty] a 1. particular, special (case, etc); etc); 2. private {property, biM 66pa30M privately, un2.
adv often, and a half; xpHAUaxb khjioMeipoB B thirty kilome- frequently. tres an hour; -bi o6ejxa dinner Hacxym|Ka [chî^stushka] / hour / time; aKaAeMHêcKHft *KH, -CK chastooshka (a hu teaching period (in the morous and topical folk verse Soviet Union 45 or 50 min- sung in a lively manner). -a esAbi oxciOAa utes); ABa Hacx|biH [ch^'astiy] a sh f it's a two hour journey from -a, -o, -bi 1. thick {wood, here; 2. o'clock; ceMb 6b etc); biH rpe6eHb fine toothseven o'clock; Kox6pbiH -comb; 2. frequent {visitor, what's the time?; 3. one visits, etc); 3. quick {pulse). o'clock; b nepBOM y after Hacxjb [châs^t^, -z^d*'] / twelve; part {of a whole); -H, -efi 1. <> pacnjiaxbi day of reck- share, portion; 66jibmaH good the greater part; most (o/). oning; B A66pbiH
'
officially. Hacxo [châsta]
Mac
526
the bulk (of); cocTaBHan ~b nucaxejib, Mbe hmh... the writcomponent; njiaxHTb no -~hm er whose name... HCK [chêk, -g] m -a, -ob pay by instalments; 2.: caHHTapHaH b medical depart- 1. cheque, check; 2. check ment, yMe6HaH ~b curricu- {at a shop). HejioeeK [chîUvêk, -g] m lum department; 3. mil unit {self-contained and independ- -a, -~ man, a human being; person {a man or woman); ent); 0 66jibmeH ^bio & no Sojib- BbiAaKDiiiHHCH ^ outstanding
uiefi
~H
/
mostly;
for
the
person; nac
6bijio
Aecnib
-'
part; pearb pull to pieces; aro hc Ha no Moefi '-H col it's not in my line/ out of my range. Hac|bi [chî^sl] pi -OB timepiece; clock {on the wall, etc); watch {on the wrist, etc); nocxaBHTb ~bi no pa;tHO set
greater
most
we were
human;
ten.
~M
chîsk^'iy]
HejioeeHecKlHH a -an,
2.
[chîUvê-oe,
humane
-He 1. {treat-
ment, etc). [chîlAvêHejiOBeMecTBlo ch^'istva] n -a humanity, mankind. [chêlûs^t^, HejiK)cTlb -z^d^] /-H, -eft jaw; jaw-bone; jowl. HCM I [chêm] cj 1. than;
the watch
nal).
by the radio
(sig-
perf -y,
HaxHJyTb [châkhnut^l im-euib, p qax (-yji), qaxjia, imp -h, sajMaxHyrb [zAchâkhnut^] perf 1. wither {of plants); 2.
jiymue
2.
nosAHO,
^^
HHKorAa
prov better
pine, waste
away. naxoTKla [ch^'i^khotka] / -H col consumption (a disease); cKOpOTCMHaH ~a galloping consumption.

Haiu|Ka
-CK
1.
never; instead of; ~- CHAexb AOMa, jiyqme noftxH b khho you better go to the cinema instead of staying at home; 3. used with comp: ~-..., xeM... the...
the...;
late than
paHbiiie,
xeM Jiyqthe
bet-
[ch^'ashlo]
-kh,
me
ter.
the
earlier,
cup {for drinking); 2. cupful, cup (o/); 3. scale, pan.
Ham|a
thicket.
[châsh^'-.a] / -h,
[ch*'ash'':i]
corresp adv. Hero [chî^vo] genof ^to\. MCH [ch'ey] pron inter & qbeMy, qew Mbero, rel (Mbero), qbHM, (o) qbCM, hbh qbH /, Hbe n, HbH pt whose; aro pyqKa? whose pen is it?;
Mauie H^CTbiH
comp
of
HCM II [chêm] instr of qxo I. HCM [ch^'om] pr of mxo I. HCMOAaH [chîmAdan] m -OB trunk {for carrying -a,
clothes); suitcase. HeMnHOH [ch^'imp^'ion] -a, -OB spor/ champion; title-
&
-holder.
HCMnMOHaT
-d]
[ch^'imp^'iAnat,
-a,
-OB
championship
(tournament).

HCMy
qxo I. Henyxja
'
527
Hep
[chî^mu]
dat
/
of
-h
nepen [chêrîp,
-b]
-a,
[chîpukha]
col nonsense, rot, rubbish. -h, HepB|b [chêrf^, -v*'] pi qepBH, -eft worm {an ani-
-OB pi -a, skull, cranium; death's head. Hepenaxja [chîrî^pakha] /

-H,
1.
tortoise;
turtle;
2.
tortoise-shell.
-bi
mal); luejiKOBHqHbiH
'b
silk-g]
worm
-a,
4epenMi;|a [chîrî^pîtja] / KpbiTbiH eft tile, tiling;
nepBRK
-OB
= qepBb.
[chî^rv^'ak,
tiled.
HepfldK
-a,
[chî^rdak,
attic.
-g]
Hepecnyp [chîrî^sh^-.ur] adv too {much, bad, etc)',

that's going too that's a bit too thick! HepemlHsi [chî^r^'eshnâ] / -HH, -eH sweet cherry; cherry-tree. HepHHKla [chî^rn'îka] /-h
-OB garret,
3T0 yjK
far!,
HepeA|oBaTbCfl [chîrîdAvattsa] imperf -yiocb, -yeuibCH,
-OBajicH,
-oBajiacb,
imp
{of
-yflcH, -yflTecb
alternate
two events, etc); take turns. Hepe3 [chêrîs, -z] prep with ace denoting 1. movement or position across smth,
an obstacle, nepeHTH Aopory cross the road, walk across the road; -well. npbiFHyTb ~ pyqeft jump HepHOBHK [chîrnAv'ik, -g] across a brook; npbirnyTb ~ m -a, -OB 1. rough copy; 2. 3a66p jump over a fence; 2. rough notebook. movement through smth: HepHoscM [chîrnAzôm] m npoHTH jiec walk through -a chernozem, black earth. [chîrnAs^lîf, a forest; BJiesTb okho get qepHocjiHB in through a window; 3. move- -v] m -a prunes. ment via some city, etc: exaxbB HepHJbiH [chôrniy] a sh f PHry Mhhck go to Riga via MepeH, qepHa, qepHO (-o), Minsk; 4. a period of time: qepHbi (-bi) 1. black {1) colour; ^ Mac in an hour; in an 2) envy, etc); ue mmcjih hour's time; an hour later; dark thoughts; 2. back {attr); "^ HCKOTopoe BpeMH after a -^bift xoA backdoor; while; some time later; 5. <> ~oe ;iepeBo ebony; we means of doing smth: coo6- MerajijiM ferrous metals. mHTb ~ Apyr.a let smb know [chêrpat^] imHepn|aTb through one's friend; onoBe- perf -aio, -aeuib, HepnH|yTb CTHTb rasexy notify through [ch^'i^rpnut^] perf -y, -euib, a newspaper. p -yji, imp -H 1. draw {water HepeMyx|a [chî^r'omukha] from a well, etc); 2. {no perf) / -H bird-cherry tree. draw {inspiration, etc); axb
etc:
movement over
bilberry; bilberry-bush. pi [chî^rnîla] HepHHjia qepHHJi ink {for writing). qepHHjibHHula [chî^rnîPink-pot, inknîtsa] / -bi,
Hep
CHJibi
528
H3...
derive
strength
from...
HepcTB|biH [chôrstviy] a sh f ~, qepcTBa, -o, -bi(qepCTBbi)

1.
stale (bread); 2. fig

-a, pi [chôrt, -d] MepxeH devil, deuce;
'-'
hard-hearted, callous.
Mepx qepTH,
<C>
qeuiH, noiHCcaxb [pach^'i^saf] scratch (to relieve 1. itching, etc); 2. (no perf) col comb (one's hair). Heclaxbcsi [chî^sattja] imperf qeuiycb, qemeiiibCH, p
perf
-ajicH,
-ajiacb,
imp
qeiiiHcfa,
^ there's no making neM hc of col ^ you can never

tail
it;
caM
Hory
cjiomht
col
nojHecaxbcsi [pachî^sattja] perf scratch 1.

oneself; 2. the skin).
qeuiHxecb,
head or uiyxHT
tell;
--
(no
perf)
itch (of
-g]
HecHOK
-a garlic.
[chî^snok,
suacT
4To!
col
what
the
devil!; k ~y..! col to hell B03bMH / no6epH! with..!; col confound (it)!; KEKoro a..? col why the hell..?; what the deuce..?; Ha koh --..? col why the hell..?; hh Hepra col not a thing, noth-
MecxB|oBaxb [chêstyvat**] imperf -yK), -yeuib, p -oeaji, imp -yH do / pay honour to (smb)] celebrate (a hero, smb's
anniversary, jubilee, etc). HecxHJHH [chêsniy] a sh f qecxcH, -a, -o, -bi honest, upright; fair, just; ing at all. HepTJa [ch^'i^rta] / -bi, '- <> ~oe cjioBO word of honline (a long narrow mar k)\ our; Aaxb '-06 give 1. CJIOBO y draw a line; one's word of honour, give a npoBecTH 2. border, boundary; --a ropledge; ~oe cjiobo! honpoAa city boundaries; 3. fig estly!; upon my word! oTjiHqHxejibHaH a HecxojiK)6HB|biH [chîstalûtrait; distinguishing feature; bîviy] a sh f ~, -a, -o, -bi
>
û
face)',
jiHua features [of the B 66u^Mx ~ax roughly,
in a general way. HepTCJK [chî^rtôsh, -zh] -a, -eH draught, drawing; draft; sketch (a rough drawing).
m US
im-
ambitious (person). Hecx|b [ch^'es^t^, -z^'d^] / -H honour reputation; (1)

2) tribute, respect); <> oxAaBaxb -b mil salute; C --bK) BblHXM M3 nOJlOWCHHA come out of a situation with credit, come off with flying colours; nopa h ~b anaxb col one ought not to [must not] abuse (smb's hospitality, etc).
HepTJMTb
[ch^'i^rtît^]
perf Mepqy, qepiHuib,
-hji,
HainepTHTb [nach'î^rdraw, delineate, sketch, diagram. HepHeHHJe [chî^rchênîya] n -H (mechanical) drawing. HecjaTb [ch^'i^sat^] imperf Heuiy, Hemeiub, p -aji, imp
-H,
imp
f'it^]
perf
HeiBepr
[ch'î'^t^vêrk,
-g]
-a,
-OB Thursday.
r^'en^k'îj
[ch''it''v*'i^HexBepeHbK|H pi: Ha --ax on all
529
HexocjiOBai;KlHH fours; CTaxb na ~h go down slAvatskîy] a -an, on one's hands and knees. 4eTBep|Ka [chî^t^vôrka] / Czechoslovak.
-KH,
-oe,
4HC
[ch^'ikha-
-He
-OK
four
2) a
mark
(1) a figure; at school).
4e>ieBHu|a
/
-bi
[chîchî^vîtsa] ^
lentil.
'HeTBep|o [chêf'vîra]
collect
-biMH,
-bix,
num
(-o),
HeiiiH
[chî^shf] see qecaxb.
-biM,
-bix
(o)
-bix
four;
hx
ô
it
there are four of them. HCTBepTWH [chî^t^vôrtty]
num
ord fourth; -- qac past three (o'cl-ock).
is
qeiuHCb [chî^shls^, -z^], HeuiHxecb [chî^shitîs^, -z^j see MecaxbCH. [chêshskîy] a HeuicKJHH -an, -oe, -ne Czech. Hcuiy [chî^shu], Hemeuib
[chêshash, -zh] see qecaxb.
HexeepTlb [chêt^v**irt^j-d^] -eft 1. quarter, a -H, a / 'fourth; 6e3 ceMb a quarter to seven; 2. term (a part of the school- year).
qeiuycb
Heiueuibcsi
[ch'^'^shus**,
-z^],
see
~h
[chêshashsâ]
qecaxbCH
4eiiiy|fl
[chîshuya]
-h
hctkImh [chMtkîy] a sh f scales (of fishes and reptiles). ieTOK, qexKa, -o, -h clear, HHH [chîn] m -a, pi -u, clear-cut; ^wft noêpK legible -OB rank, grade; noBbiuieHHe handwriting; --oe aaAaHHe B ~e promotion {to a higher
precise instructions;
~oe
4HH|Hxb I [chînît^] imperformance of a task. perf -K), MKHHuib, p -Hji, imp HeTHbiH [ch**6tniy] a even -H, oJHHHHXb [Ach^'inît^l perfy (number). noiHHHHxb [pachînMt^] perf [chî^tlrî] qexbipe num 1. (noMHHHXb) repair, mend; card qeibipex, qexbipcM, --' 2. (oqHHHXb) sharpen (a pennojiHeHHe
sajxauna
(qcTbipex),
hcefficient
rank).
.qexbipbMH,
(o) qe-
cil).
Tbipex four.
4HH|HXb
perf
-K),
II
[chînît^]
im-
neTbipecxa [chî^ttrîsta] num card qexbipexcox, MexbipexcxaM, ', MexbipbMHcxaMH, (o) qexwpexcxax four hundred. HCxbipHaAuaxbiH [chî^tlrnatts9tty]
p -Hji, imp -h: HXb npenHxcxBHH KOMy-ji. put obstacles in smb's way; HXb cy;t H pacnpasy mete out justice and punishment.
-Hiub,
num
ord
fourteenth.
HHHOBHHK
4exbipHa1iuax|b [chî^ttrnattsat^, -d^]
-a,
-OB
1.
[ch^luovn^'ik, -g] official, function-
num
card
-h, -bio
ary;
fourteen.
2. bureaucrat. [chîs^lî4HcjieHH0cx|b
Hex [ch^'ekh, -gh] Czech.

Hex|6ji slip-cover.
-jioB case (a
-a,
-ob
[chî^khol] -jia, protective cover);
-z^d^J / -h number, quantity, strength; bio b cxo qejiOBCK one hundred strong. [chîs^lî4MCJiHxejibH|oe tîl^naya] n -oro, -ux ling
nas^t^,
530
numeral; KOJiHMecTBeHHoe
oe
cardinal number; nopnuKOBoe ~oe ordinal number. [ch''is''l''itts9] HHCJilHTbcn
p -hjich, be reckoned, be put (among a person's friends, etc); HTbCH B cHHCKe be on

i
mpe r f
-loch, -Huibcfl,
[ch^fstiy] a sh f -bi (-bi) 1. clean {unsoiled); 2. pure {gold, etc); ~aH coBecTb easy conscience; 3. clear, net {profit, weight,
HHCT|biJI
-a,
~,
-o,
-HJiacb
etc); 4.:
~oe coBnaneHHe mere
coincidence;
~aH cjiyqaflHocxb
mere
the list; KHHra ~htch aa hhm the book is down in his name. pi HHCJijo [ch*'isl6] n -a, MHCJia, MHceJi, MHCJiaM 1. numwhole, fractional, ber (1) etc; 2) sum, aggregate; 3)
ling);
pure chance; <> ~oe nojie open country/ field; an paCora neat job.
/
HHTajibHifl [chîtal^'nâ] / -h, MHiajieH reading-hall, read-
ing-room.
HHTJaTb [ch^'itat''] imperf MH6>KecTBeHHoe ~6 ling -aK), -aeiub, npoinHTaTb [praplural (number); 2. date {the ch^'itat''] npo4|ecTb perf, day of the month); KaKoe [prAch'ês^'t^] perf -ry, -reuib, ceronHH ~6? what date is it p -eji, -jia, imp -th 1. read
book, etc); ~aTb BCJiyx read out loud; 2. deliver, give
{a
today?; b nepBbix HHCjiax Man in the first days of May; 3.: e... be among..., be 6biTb B one of...; oahh h3 hx ~a one of them; b tom ~e... includ-
{lectures);
etc).
3.
recite
{poetry,
HHx|aTb
-aio, -aeujb,
[ch^'ikhat'']
imperf
p
-yji,
ing...;
HHXHJyTb
-y,
[ch^'ikh-
~6m out<> npeeocxoAHTb number. HHCTiHTb [ch*'is''t*'it^] imperf MHiuy, -HUJb, p -hji, imp -b, noiMHCTMTb IpAchîs'^tît*']
~HTb scour; meTKOH brush; 2. peel {fruit, vegetables); scale {fish); shell
perf
1.
nut**]
perf
-eiiJb,
imp
-H sneeze.
[ch''ish'':i]
HHiu,e
comp
see
-a,
of
MHCTbiH
&
corresp adv.
mu-oe
HHmy
CTHTb.
HjieH
[ch''ish'':u]
clean,
[ch^l'ên]
member
Party,
{1) of the
etc;
Communist
~bi
{nuts).
2)
math);
HHCTO
ly;
II
[ch^'ista]
adu
clean-
neatly;
predic it is clean. HHCTonji6TH|biH [ch^'istAplotniy] a sh f MHCxonjioreH,

-o,
-bi
impers
-a,
neat,
clean,
tidy
{person).
MHCTOcepfleHHibiH [ch^'istaa sh f mhctocepAGMeH, -a, -o, -bi candid, frank, open-hearted.

si'i<^rd*'ech''niy]
npeAJio>KeHH5i ling parts of the sentence. MOKlaxbCfl [ch''6k9ttj9] im-aeiiibCH, hok-aiocb, perf [ch'ôknuttja] per^ H|yTbCfl -ycb, -eiubCH, p -yjiCH, -yjiacb, imp -Hcb, -Hiecb touch /clink glasses {with smb).
MpesBbiMaHH
ch'âyniy] a sh
-a,
-0,
-bi
biii
[ch'T^'izvi-
MpesBbiqaen, extraordinary

{meeting, measures, etc)-, treme (danger, actions,
531
4T0
exetc);
bie nojiHOMOMHH
emergency
'-oe nojiOKCHHe .powers; state of emergency. HpesMepHJbiJi [ch'^rî^zmêrnty]

-o,
-bi
H3 3Toro? col what of it?; K weiviy? what for?, why?; axo HH K HeMy it is of no use, it is no good; 6bi hh whatever;
HH
BO
not
He
a
CXaBHTb
pin
for
Koro-Ji.
care
a sh f
^pesMepen,
-a,
excessive.
4TeHH|e [ch^tênîya] n -h, -ft 1. reading {of books, etc);

2.:
smb, make no account -for smb; yflxH hh c hcm go away empty-handed; hh sa hh npo ~ col for no reason at
all.
~-e
jieKUHH lecturing (a/
HTO II [shto] cj that; h a university, etc). HTH|Tb [ch^t^'it^] imperf 3HaK), OH CKOpO npHflCT my, -uib, p -ji, imp -~ hon- I know that he will soon '-Tb Mbio-ji. na- come; oh CKasaji, ~ oh npnour, revere; ji<kT he said he would come; MHTb revere smb's memory, HTO I [shto] I pron nero, H paA, ~ BH>Ky Bac I'm glad qeMy, -, neM, (o) mcm 1. in- to see you. HTO 6 see MT66bi. ter & rel what; sto? what
is
I
this?;
h He
snaio,
it
-^
don't
Bbi
know what
is;
sto o
HToSbi [sht6bi],HTo6 [shtop,

-b] cj
&
part
denoting
BCTaji,
pur-
AyMaexe? what are you thinking about?; ~? sorry?; 2. rel: oh He npHmeji, OHeHb cTpaHHo he hasn't come, which is very strange; 3. rel
HCM
pose,
ity,
desirability,
etc:
possibil-
that;
's
3T0 Bce,
n anaio this
Bce rose (so) that everybody could see him; HyjKHO, - OH nonieji Ty;ta it is necessary that he should
BHêjiH ero he
OH
(that) I know; tot jKe êjioBCK, - npHXOAHJi Bîepa the same man that came yesterday; H 3HaiO, '^ OH HMeeT
all
go
there,
it
is
necessary
for
B
4.
BHAy
know what he means;
indef anything; ecjiH cjiymiTCH if anything happens; 5.: OH 3a MejiOBCK? what sort of man is he?; sto sa
KHHra? what kind of book

it?;
is
--
3a
KHHra!
inter
what
why;
book!; II as an
adv
~
are
tm TaKOH rpycTHbiH? why

you so sad?;
<0
go there; He MOJKeT 6biTb, OH noTepHJi kjhomI he can't have lost the key!; He flyMaio, -~- sto eMy noHpaBHJiocb I don't think he liked it; H xoqy, ~ Bbi houijih c HaMH I want you to come with us; H npHexaji, noroBopHTb c BaMH I've arrived (in order) to talk to you; oh b3hji TaKCH He ono3AaTb he took a taxi not to be late. ht6-jih6o [shtoPiba] pron
to
him
iK(e)
why;
well;
Hy h
it?;
'^ jK(e)? col well,
what of
nT6-HH6yAb. HTO-HHSyflb [shtonîbut^, -d''] pron indef nero-HHdyAb

sentences).
532
m
-a,
something; anything (in inter
MyflaK [chûdak, -g] -OB eccentric man, crank.
mt6-to
[shtota]
pron
in-
def qero-TO something.
HyflecHlbiH [chûdêsniy] a sh f qy;teceH, -a, -o, -bi 1.
adv col miraculous, wonderful; 2. somewhat; MHe lovely, beautiful, marvellous, HesAopoBHTCH somehow wonderful. MyflH|6H [chûdnoyl a sh f don't feel well; oh pacI
ht6-to
II
[shtota]
1.
somehow,
cTpocH he is somewhat upset; HyjieH, -a, -6, -bi col odd, ^ H sToro He homkhd strange, queer. 2.: I don't think I remember it; HyflHJbiH [chûdniy] a sh f 3Aecb He TaK it looks as qyAen, -a, -o. -bi 1. wonderlovely, if something ful, marvellous; 2. is wrong here. Mxy [ch^'tu] see MTHTb. beautiful. [chûs^t^[chûda] n -a, pi MyBCTBeHHJbiH nyfljo v^mniy] a sh HyBCTBen, -a, -eca, -ec, -ecaM miracle; won-o, -bi sensual (pleasures, etc); der, marvel. [chûdo'-oe BocnpHHTHe perception HyflOBHmHibiH vîsh^-.niy] a sh f qyAOBHby the senses. [ch'U- men, -a, -o, -bi monstrous. HyBCTBHTCJIbHlblH s^t^vîtîl^niy] a sh f ^yBHywloH [chûzhoy] a -aH,
'
CTBHiejieH,
-a,
-o,
-bi
1.
sen-
-6e,
-Ke
sitive, susceptible;
~oe MecTO
ing to
1. smb else's, belongsmb else; noa ~hm
tender spot; 2. sensible, perceptible; --an yrpaxa painful loss; 'biH yaap telling blow.
[chûstv9] n -a, sense (1) of hearing, smell, responsibiletc; 2) of pain, feeling, sensation; ity, etc); opraHbi organs of sense; illusion, delu4' o6MaH unconscious, insion; 6e3
HyBCTB|o
foreign, strange, alien; ~6h qejioBCK stranger. -OK Hyji|KH [chûlkî] pi (sing Myji]6K -Ka) stockings. HyMJa [ch^'uma] / -bi plague, black death.
2,
HMeneM name;
under
an
assumed
~ ^
HyxKlMH fchûtkîy] a
-oe,
-an,
-o,
-He,
sh f qyiOK,
-a,
sensible.
4yBCTB|oBaTb {chûstyvat*'] imperf -yio, -yemb, p -osaji, -yfi, noiHyBCTBoeaTb imp

[pAchûstyvat^]
perf
feel,
sensitive, keen (ear, etc)\ tactful; --oe ot2. delicate, HouieHHe tactful approach; <> ~HH coH light sleep. Hyxb [chût^, -d^] I adv
-H
1.
sense, have a sensation of; < OBaxb TOJiojy feel hungry;
hardly; cjiuuiho can \. hardly be heard; 2. slightly, MCHbiue a little a little;
'ÔBaTb ce6H o6H>KeHHbiM

hurt.
feel
less;
II cj as soon as; -~' xojibKo as soon as; Hc almost, nearly; oh <>
HyryH [chûgun]
iron.
-a cast
533
He ynaji he nearly fell; -' mto HC almost, nearly; qyib slightat every trifle;
qeft.
tua;t
jiH
of
Hbero [ch^yi^vo] gen & ace êfl, gen ^be; see of
ly,
little.
HbCH
[ch^yey]
gen,
m>5i;
dat,
see
qeft
Hyxble
1.
[chût^yo]
-h
instr
êfl.
&
pr
of
{the sense of 2. fig flair, scent.
scent
smell);
HbCM
[ch^yom]
êft.
pr of
Hy4eji|o [ch'uchîb] n -a, -- 1. stuffed animal; stuffed bird; 2. scarecrow.
& &
qbe; see
Hyuilb
Ichûsh,
-zh]
-h
-^-b
col nonsense, rot; talk nonsense.
hccth
HyHTb
HyK),
[chûyat^l
imperf
noi-
qyeiiib,
MyHJi,
[pAchûy9t^] HysiTb perf smell, scent {also fig); 6eAy scent trouble. Hbe [ch^yo] pron n Hbero,
of qeft Mbe; see Mefi. Hbeio [ch^yeyu] instr of MbH; see êft. HbH [ch^yi] pron pi -x, -m, (-X), -MH, (o) -X see qefi. HbHM [ch^yim] instr of ê^ & Hbe; see qefl. HbK) [ch^yu] ace of HbH;
HbCMy [ch^yi^mu] dat
see qefl.
Hbfl
qbeii,
[ch^ya]
HbK),
qeft.
pron
qbCMy, --, HbHM,
(o)
^heu
see
Mbefi
f qbefi, (MbCK)), (o)
qbCH see
UI
uia6ji6H [shAblon] -a, -ob pattern, mould; templet; 2. fig cliche; padoxaTb no
1.
imp
-H
1.
step; stride, stride
~y
work
unimaginatively.
mar
{with mara), {!) in walking, etc;
uiaroM [shag9m] adv at a walking pace; slowly, at 2) foot- a slow pace; Mapui! march!, forfall); poBHbiH ~ even stride; <> 2. fig step, measure; ward!
<>
-^
[shak, -g] -a (-y) TpH, ABa, qeibipe pi -u, -6b 1. step
along; march; pace, walk; perf also take / make a step; 2. fig move ahead, make progress.
3a
ÔM
step
by
at
step;
Ha
step,
KaxAOM
^y
every
flHTb Hii Ha move a step
everywhere; ne otxo~ OT Kdro-ji. not from smb's^side. uiar|aTb [shAgat^J imperf -aio, -aeuib, uiarH|yTb [shAgnut^] perf -y, eiub, p -yji,
uiaHK|a [shayka] / -h, luaeK gang, band. uiajiaui [shAlash, -zh] -a, hut {made of branches, -eft
etc).
uiajilHTb
-K),
[shAPit^] imperf
-H
p -iiji, imp play pranks; be naughty.

-Huib,
tiiaji
534
1.
f -H,
luajiocrlb [shabs^t^, -z^d^] -eft prank (of a child). uidjiyu [shAlun] -a, -6b
uiaxMax
chess; 2. chess-men
/
-bi,
and chess-board. maxx|a [shakhta]
naughty
uiajijb
mischievous boy.
[shal^l
/
-",
-efi
shawl. uiaHTajK [shAntash, -zh] m -a blackmail. uian|Ka [shapka] / -kh, -ok cap {a covering for the head)', '-KaMH saKHflaeM! <> we'll win an easy victory /
hands down!
-a {with ABa, map [shar] map a), pi -bi, TpH, MCTbipe -OB ball, sphere, globe; balloon; <> BosAyuiHbiH
(coa}-)mine, pit. maxxep [shAkhtôr] m -a, -OB (coal-)miner. mamJKa I [shashka] / -kh, pi -KH, -eK 1. draughtsman {a piece); US checker; 2. pi draughts; US checkers. mam|Ka II [shashka] / -kh, -eK sabre, sword. mea [shva], meoB [shvof,
-v]
see uioB.
meefl [shvêt, -d]

.Swede.
-a, -ob
mBeACK|HH [shvêtjkîy] a np66HbiH pilot /trial bal- -an, -oe, -He Swedish. loon; xoTb ~6m noKaTH col mBeHHJbiH [shvêyniy] a sewing {industry, etc); ~aH quite empty. mapJK [sharsh, -zh] m -a, MaiiiHH(K)a sewing-machine;
-eft
cartoon,
grotesque,
cari-
- afl (|)a6pHKa clothes factory.
cature.
iiiapHKonoAiiiHnHK kapAtshlpnîk, -g]

bail-bearing.
iiiap4)
[shar''!-a,
mBeHu,ap [shv'î^ytjar] -OB porter, door-keeper,

missionaire.
-a,
com-
-oe
[sharf, -v]
-a,
-ob
scarf; muffler, comforter.
[shAtattsa] im-aeuibCH 1. be/ get loose {of a nail, tooth, etc); be unsteady {of a chair, table, etc); 2. reel, stagger {on one's feet); 3. col lounge about, loaf; -~aTbCH 6e3 AeJia
luaxlaTbcsi
-aK)Cb,
perf
[shvî^ytja-na, -ueB Swiss. mBCHuapcKJHH [shvî^ytjarskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Swiss. mBbipHyxb see lUBbipHXb.
mBefiuapleu
-dz]
rîtj,
mBHp|flXb
[shvirât^]
perf -HK), -neuib, [shvtrnut^] perf

-yji,
immBbipHJyrb -y, -euib, p
imp
-H
col fling, hurl,
toss;
idle about.
<>
~xb
flCHbrH
ACHbraMH
max
[shakh,
-gh]
-a,
-OB shah.
max II [shakh, -cih] -a h Max checkchess check;
mate.
squander money. [shvirâttjs] mBbip|xbCH imperf -HK)Cb, -neiubCH col throw, hurl; nxbCH fling, KaMHHMH throw stones (at each
other).
maxMaxMCT [shakhmAtîst,
zd]
-a,
-OB chess-player.
uiaxMaibi
[shakhmstt]
pi
imperf
[shavî^Pit^J meBejijiixb -ib, -HUJb (mefieAHUib),

p
-HJi,
535
uiec
imp
-H,
uieBejibHlyxb
[shavî^l'^nut^] perf -y, -eiub, p -yji, imp -H move, stir;
--HTb ry6aMH
move
one's lips.
uieBeji|MTbCfl [shavî^lîttsa] imperf -locb, -HuibCH (uieBeJIHUIbCH), p -HJICH, -HJiaCb, imp -HCb, -Hxecb, uieeejibH|yTbC5i [shavî^l^nuttsa] perf
-ycb, -eiiibCH, p -yjicH, -yjiacb, imp -HCb, -HTecb move, stir.
jnenxjaxb [shi^ptat^] imperf uienqemb, p -aji, imp LuenqH, menH|yxb [shi^pnut^J perf -y, -euib, p -yji, imp -h whisper.
iiienMy,
uienxlaxbCfl
[sht^ptattsa]
imperf uienqycb, menqeuibCH, p -ajicH, -ajiacb, imp uienqncb,

LuenMLxecb whisper, talk whispers. luepeHrja [shi^rênga] /
in
-h,
uieeejibHyTb see meBejiHib. uieBCjibHyTbca see uicBeJIHTbCH.
iiiCAeBp [shi^devr]
-a, -ob
rank (0/ soldiers, etc). mepoxoBax|biH [sharakhAvatiy] a sh f ^, -a, -0, -u rough, rugged.
uiepcx|b [shers^t^, -z^d^] / 1. hair {on the skin of an animal); 2. wool (/) of the sheep, etc; 2) used for knitting, etc); 3. worsted; woollen
-H
masterpiece.
luefi
uieji
[shey] see muTb.

[shol] see hath.
uiejiecT [shel^'ist, -zd]

rustle,
-a
rustling;
murmur
imp
{of
the wind). luejiecTJeTb [shalî^s^têt^]
stuff.
imperf
rustle
-nmb,
{of
-eji,
-h
uiepcxjiHloH [shars^tî^noy] a woollen; bie Beiu,H wool-
leaves,
silk, etc);
lens.
mejiecTexb crpaHHuaMH rustle pages.

uiejiK [sholk,
-g]
m
na
-a (-y),
pi
uiejiKa,
mejiKOB
stuff);
silk
{the
thread or
luejiKy
silk-lined. uiejiKOBbiH
[sholkaviy]
KaK ' col he has become as mild a lamb.

uiejiyxja
shell,
silk {attr); ^ OH cxaji
^
as
-h
[shalukha]
scale
see
{of
husk;
fish);
iiiepmaB biH [shi^rshaviy] a sh f , -a, -0, -bi rough {not smooth). uiecx [shest, -zd] -a, -6b pole {a long rod). mecxBHJe [shes^t^vîya] n -H, -H procession, train. mecxHAecflx|bifi [shas'tîdî^sâtiy] num ord sixtieth; ~bie roAH the sixties. iiiecxHaAuaxuH [shi^snattsatiy] num ord sixteenth. uiecxHafluaxlb [shi^snaI
peel,
ttsat^,
-d^]
num
card
-h,
-bio
uiennyxb
uienox whisper.
menxaxb.
-d]
sixteen,
[shopat,
-a
ord
[shopatam] adv under one's
uienoxoM
in a whisper, breath.
[sht^stoy] num sixth; nojioEHna --dro half past five. iuecx|b [shes^t^, -z'd']
uiecxjOH
num
card
-h,
-bib six.
uiec
536
uiecTbflecflT [shaz^dî^sât,
-d]
uiHnoBHHK [shipovnîk,
-g]
num.
card mecTHAecnrH,
uiecTbioAecHTbK) sixty.
luecTbcoT [shi^ssot, -d] nam card mecTHCOT, luecTHCTaM, -^, mecTbiocTaMH, (o) mecTHCxax six hundred.
uie(j)
1.
bot dog-rose. uiMpe [shlrî] comp of uihpoKHH & corresp adv. iuHpHH|a [shfrîna] / -b'l width, breadth; --oft b nHXb MexpoB five metres wide.
-a
[shef, -v] -a, -ob col principal, head, chief;
lUMpMla [shi'rma]
-bi,
'-
patron (a factory, etc, giving help to a school, collective farm, etc); 3. chef, head
2.
cook. uie(l)CTBloBaTb [shefstyvat^]
imperf
-yio,
-yeiub,
-oeaji,
imp
be patron (of) have the patronage (of) [cf mecj) 2].

-yft
screen (/) a folding partition; 2) fig camouflage). uiMpoK'iHH [shirokîy] a -an, -oe, -He, sh f ^, -a, -6 (-o), -H (-h) 1. wide, broad; 2. fig broad, widespread {support, etc); wide-scale {construction, etc); extensive {opportunities,
etc);
~oe o6o6meHHe
generalization;
sweepxoBapbi
[sheya] / uieH, mefl anat neck; cjiOMaxb ce6e meio col <> break one's neck; cHjierb na
uieJi
ing
~oro noxpe6jieHHH consumer

goods; ~aji <> nature.
LUHpoXbl,
be on y Koro-Ji. col smb's hands, be a burden to smb; BbirHaxb / BbiTOJiKarb

iiiee
Haxypa
generous
Kor6-;i.
B meio col
[shtl],
chuck smb
[shila]
out.
iiiHji
lUMjia
see ujHTb.
lUMJijo [shlb] n -a, pi -bH, -bee awl; <0> -â B MciuKe He yxaHiub the truth will out. prov iiiHH|a [shina] -bi, / tire; 2. med splint. 1. tyre, uiHHCJilb [shin^'el''] / -h, -en greatcoat, overcoat {as an article of uniform). uiHn [ship, -b] -a, -6b 1. bot thorn; 2. technol tenon, pin. iiiHn|eTb [ship^'et^] imperf -JiK), -Huib, p -eji, imp -H 1. hiss {of a snake, etc); spit (/ a cat); 2. sizzle; fizz.
/ -bi, pi UJHpOXaM lUHpOX, 1. breadth {of views, etc); a yMa breadth of mind; 2. geog latitude. uiHXb [shtt^] imperf lubio, imp lUbeuib, p uiHJi, ujHJia [sh:it^] ciuMxb meft, perf
uiMpoxja [shtrAta]
combK),
cuiHJia,
couibeiiib,
cujhji,
cmeft sew; make {a shirt, etc); -^ ce6e njiaxbe I) make a dress; 2) have a dress made. -ob [shtfr] iuH(])p -a,
imp
code, cipher; 2. pressmark. [shifrovauiH(})p6BaHHbiH niy] a {pa\ cipher {attr), ciphered. iuhuiIke [shishka] / -kh, -eK 1. bot cone; 2. bump, lump; 3. col big bug, VIP. iuKaji|a [shkAla] / -bi, pi
1.
-- 537 -^
uiKajibi,
mna
perf
polish
grind (a {metals^
-z]
iiJKajiaM scale (/or
shlîfAvat^J
lens,
etc);
measuring);
sliding scale. lUKaxyjilKa
CKOJibanmaH
[shkAtulka]
-~-a
etc; also fig). /

iijjiK)3
[shlûs,
-a,
-KH, -OK box, casket. uiKa([) [shkaf, -v]

-bi,
-OB sluice, lock.

-a,
pi
uijiK)n|Ka [shl'ûpka]
cupboard; njiaiHHOH 'wardrobe; khhjkhhh -^ bookcase; HecropaeMbift ~ safe ~ (for money, etc); cxeHHoft
-OB
built-in closet.
liiKOJija
-OK
(ship's)
/ -kh, boat; cnacaiejib-
Han
1.
Ka
lifeboat.
[shkob]
-bi,
[shPapa] / -w, -' hat {with a brim and a crown); 2. col duffer, gawk. lUHyp [shnur] m -a, -6b
lujinnja
1.
school; cypoBan the hard school of
â
life;
1)
h<h3hh
npofl-
2.
cord {a electr flex.
thick
string);
-g]
TH xopoiuyK)
trained;
-^-y
be well
lUHyploK
[shnurok,
m
{in
2) fig
gain wisdom
by experience;
higher school. uiKOjibHHK [shkol^nîk, -g] m -a, -OB schoolboy. uiKOJibHlbiH [shkoPniy] a ~oe sAaHHe school (attr); ynynejih schoolhouse; -^biii
<> Bbiciuan
-Ka, -KOB lace, shoestring. uiOB *[shof, -v] ujBa, pi
â
mBbi,
mBOB
;
1.
seam
clothes) stitch {in embroidery); 2. technol joint, jointing; <> HaKjia;ibiBaTb lUBbi mcd put in the stitches.
school-teacher. uiKypja [shkura] / -bi, skin, hide; y c Koro-Ji. col <> flpaxb exploit smb; Hcnbixaxb hto-ji.
uioKHp|oBaTb [shAkîravat^J imperf -yw, -yeiub, p -OBaji,
imp
Ha c66cTBeHHOH -~-e col have felt smth on one's own back;

col ss flpoxfarb sa cbok) be afraid of getting into trouble. uijia [shla] see H^m. -a slag, lujiaK [shlak, -g] dross. lujiaHF [shlank, -g] -a, ob hose (a flexible pipe or tube). ujjieM [shlêm] -a, -ob
-yft shock, scandalize. uioKOjiaA [shakAlat, -d] -a chocolate. iiiopox [shorakh, -gh] -a, -OB rustle, rustling. luocce [shosse] n indecl
~y
highway,
highroad;
motor
road; macadam road. luoTjiaHfljeu [shAtlan^dîtj, -dz] -ua, -ueB Scot, Scots-
man.
moTJiaHflCKjHii [shAtlanskîy] a -anj -oe, -He Scottish, Scotch. uio(j)ep [shAfôr] -a, -oe chauffeur, driver. lunar a [shpaga] / -h,
helmet, headpiece.
uijiH
[shlî] see hath.

-yio,
uijiH4)|oBaTb
imperf
[shPifAvat^] -yemb, p -osaji,
sword, rapier. uinajija [shpab]

rly sleeper;
-u,
'^
imp
-ya, 0TiiiJjiH4)0BaTb [At-
VS
tie.
uinH
538
luxonjaxb [shtopat^] imperf -aeuib, sajuixonaxb [za-
uinHjibKJa [shpîl^ka] / -h, 1. hairpin; 2, fi^ col caustic remark; noAnyCKaTb ~-H KOMy-ji. liavc a dig at smb.
iiinHJieK
-aK),
uinHOH [shp^'ion] -a, -ob spy, secret agent. uinHOHajK [shpîAnasli, -zh]
-a
espionage.
uinpHi; [shpr'itj, m -dz] -a, -es syringe. lunpoTbi [shproti] p/uinpoT {sing uinp6T|a / -bi &uinpOT
shtopat^] perf darn, mend. mxonop [shtopar] -a, -ob 1. cork-screw; 2. av spin. uixopia [shtora] / -bi, blind, curtain; cnycxHXb ~bi draw .the blinds. mxopM [shtorm] -a, -ob (strong) gale, storm.
ujxpa^
[shtraf,
-v]
-a,
-OB fine, penalty. iiJxpa(j)|oBaxb [shtrafAvat^]
sprats. [sliram] scar [on the skin).

-a)
imperf
-yK),
-yft,
-yeuib,
-OBaji,
uipaM
-a,"
-ob
uipH(}}T
-a,
[siirîft,
(-bi),
pi
-b'l
-vd] -OB (-ob)
print,
italics.
type;
KypcHBHbifl
-bi,
uixaS [shtap, -b] m -a, pi -OB mil staff, fieadquar[sfitamp,

-b]
ters.
uiraivin
-a,
oluixpacpOBaxb [AshtrafAvat^l fine, perf make (a person) pay a fine. uixyKJa [shtuka] / -h, piece (any single thing); 1. AecHTb ~ nanHpoc ten cigarettes; 2. c.-)/ thing (an object or phenomenon); mto sto aa a? what sort of thing is this?; 3. col trick, ruse; prank;
imp
rOB
2.
stamp, mark, seal; technol punch, stamp;

1.
fig cliche. uiTaHJbi [shtAnI] pi -6b col trousers, breeches; US pants.
<> BOX xaK ~a! col that's a nice thing!; b x6m-xo h ~a! col that's just the point!
uixyKaxyp
-a,
[sht-ukAtur]
mxax
-OB
[shtat,
(a
-d]
m
m
-OB plasterer, pargeter.
-a,
territorial administrative unit). uiTax II [shtat, -d]
state
and
-a,
rît**]
[shtukAtuiiixyKaxypJHXb imperf -k), -Hiiib, p
-HJi,
imp
-b,
oimxyKaxypHXb
-08 staff, establishment. uixaxcK|MH [shtatjkîy] I a -an, -oe, -He civil, civilian;
[AshtukAtur''it''j perf plaster,
parget.
as a noun mxarcK hh m -oro, -Hx civilian (not a military man). mxencejilb [shtepsîl^] m
II
|
ujxypM [shturm] m -a, -ob storm; 6paxb om capture by storm.

assault,
mxypMan [shturmsnl
-a,
-H,
2.
pi -H, -eft electr 1. plug; col socket (for a plug). mxHJi'ib [shf'il*'! "^ -^t -6"
-OB naut, av navigator, navigation officer.
luxypMloeaxb [shturmAvat*] imperf -yio, yeuib, p -obslji,
naui calm.
imp
-yft
storm, assault.
539
lUTbiK [shtik, -g] -pB bayonet. luySja [shuba] / -bi,
coat.
make
perf)
mea
fun
trifle
this.
-a,
KCM-Ji.
2.
of
smb;
{with),
{no
fur
play
(zai/M);
3THM He luyiHT
don't trifle with
uiyM [shum]
-a
(-y),
-ob
1.
noise; hubbub, uproar; <> -- B ymax buzzing in the ears; Haflejiaxb -y cause a h3 hhsensation; MHoro
iiiyTjKa [shutka] / -kh, -ok joke, jest; oTAejiMBaxbCH
-^-KaMH
smth
is
2.
~a
Hcro
ing.
-jiK),
1.
much ado about
noth-
laugh He ao ok he in no laughing mood; trick, prank; practical

qero-Ji.
off;
eiviy
OT
joke;
<> 3T0 He
myMJeTb [shumêt^] i/72p(?r/ -Huib, p -eji, imp -H
~Ka
it
is
no joke;
~K.H
apart;
2.
make a noise, be col kick up a row.
noisy;
flHTbcfl
CTOpGHy col joking ne na ~Ky paccepbe very angry; c hhm

is
is
iiiyMeH, -a,
luyMHlbiH [shumniy] a shf -o, -u 1. noisy; biH loud, tumultuous; 2.: ycnex sensational success.
~KM
trifled
njioxH he with; he
not to be a danger-
ous customer; Ka jih CKasarb it's not so easy.
uiypmlaTb
perf
-y,
[shurshat^]
im-
mypH
ly,
[shutâ]
adv
1.
easi2.
-riuib,
-aji,
imp
without
for fun.
an
effort;
in
-H rustle {of leaves, silk, etc); --aTb 6yMaroH rustle papers. iiiyT|HTb [shutît^] imperf
jest,
uiyMy, iiiyTHmb,
-H,
-hji,
imp
uiyny [shuchû] seemyxmh. luxyHJa [shkhuna] / -u, naut schooner.
nojmyTHTb
1-
pert
[pashutît^] joke, jest; ^HTb HaA
uibK) [shyu], uibeuib [shyosh, -zh] see lUHTb.
m
merojibHyxb see merojiHTb 2. [sh^:igAlât^] merojiJHTb ii;aA|HTb [shîi^dît^] im- imperf -hk), -nemb, merojib-Huib, perf maxcy, p -HJi, H|yTb [sh^:igAPnut^l perf -y, imp -H, noimaAHTb [pashîi^- -euib, p -yji, imp -A col 1. {no d^'it^] perf spare {oneself, perf) be a dandy; ~HTb smb's life, etc). B HOBOM najibTo sport a new
maBCJilb [sh^:i^vêP] bat sorrel.
-h
[sh^'.ibî^tat^] lUeeeTJaTb imperf u\e6eny, me6eqeuib,
coat; rade;
f
2.
fig
a
make
-a,
show show
off,
{of).
pa-
-aji,
imp me6eHH
2.
1.
twit-
meApibiH
chirp; prattle.
ter,
/<^ col chatter,
~,
liberal;
[sh^:edriy] a sh -bi generous, lavish etc); {gitts^

-0,
m,evi
540
lavishly, unstint-
-OK
OH pyKOH
ingly.
brush
{of bristle,
wire,
etc);
meii [sh^:ey] see mH.
nojioBan {for sweeping).
Ka
pi
broom
maM,
shchi
meK|a
meny,
cheek
perf
-aji,
[sh^:i^ka]
/ -h,
pi
mcKH,
meK,
ace -aM
um
mH,
[sh^:i]
men,
maMH,
(o)
max
meKOTJaTb
(of the face). [sh'îikAtat^]
im-
meKoîy,
meKoqeiub,
no;m,eimp meKOHH, Koxaxb [p9sh^:ikAtat^] perf

tickle b pers:
1.
soup); CBCJKHe mn soup; KHCJibie uxn sauerkraut soup; aejienbie uxu sorrel soup.
{cabbage
cabbage
mHn|axb
-JiK),
[sh^:ipat^] imperf
{also
fig);
2.
im-
inHRJieiiib,
-aji,
imp
-h {no
Hocy
meKoyex
my
-jiH,
iu,HnH|yxb
[shîipnuf^l
nose tickles. mejiKJaxb [sh^-.olkat^] imperf -aK), -aeiiib, mejiKH|yTb [sh^:61knut^] perf -y, -euib,
perf -y, -euib, p -yji, 1. pinch, nip, tweak;
imp
2.
p -yji, imp mejiKHyxb

give
-H
1.
flick, fillip;
Koro-Ji.
smb
fillip
no HOcy on the
nose; 2. crack, click, snap; chatter {of the teeth); axb HSbiKOM click the tongue; ~axb opexH crack nuts.
perf) bite {of- the frost, etc); AbiM mnnjiex rjiaaa the smoke makes the eyes smart; 3. {no perf) browse, nibble {grass, etc); pluck {a goose, etc). ii],Hn|axbC5i [sh^:ipattj9]
imperf
-ajiCH,
-jiibcb,
mnnjieiubCH, p
-ajiacb,
imp
-jiHCb,
mejiMJOK [sh^:i*''lch*'6k, -g] -Ka, -KOB 1. flick, fillip; 2. click, crack, snap; 3. fig col slight, snub. mejijb [sh^:eP] / -h, -ch 1. chink, crack; slit, slot; 2. mil slit trench.
ii;eH|6K
[sh^;i^n6k,
-g]
-Ka, -KOB puppy, pup; whelp, cub. u;enexHJibH|biH [sh^:ipî^t^'il^niy] a sh f menexHJieH, -a, -bi overscrupulous, -o, punctilious. iu,en|Ka [sh^:epk9] / -kh, -OK chip, sliver, splinter; <* xyfloif KSLK --Ka thin as a
lath.
-jiHxecb col pinch, nip; pinch each other. u^Hnnyxb see mnnaxb 1. mHnu|bi [sh^:iptst] pi -6b tongs; pincers; --bi a^h aabhbkh curling-irons; XHpyprriqecKHe ~bi forceps. -a, lUHx [sh^:it, -d] -6b 1. shield; 2. technol panel, board; pacnpeAeJiHxejibHbifl
switchboard;
<> noAHnxb Ha -the skies, make a
^
/
laud to
of,
hero
-h,
make much of. myKJa [sh^:uk9]

pike (a fish).
iu,yn|axb [sh'':up9t''] imperf -aeuib, no;iu,ynaxb [pAshîup^t''] perf feel, touch

-aK),
in;exMHla [sh':i*t**in9]
bristle.
-bi
{for examination). ii^yp|HXb [sh'':urît^l
im-
iiêT|Ka
[sh^:(5tk9l
-kh,
perl
-K),
-HiiJb,
-HJi,
imp
541
imperf
CH,
-locb,
3K0
-HuibCH, p -hji-bCH, -bxecb, [sAsh^:urîtts8] one's eyes.
-b,
coimypHTb
[sAsh^:urît^]
perf'.
'HTb
rjiaaa
screw up
-HJiacb,
imp
one's eyes.
coimypHTbCM
[sh':ur'itts9]
myplHTbcsi
perf screw up
-H
SBaKyauHJfl [evakuatsiya] / troops, evacuation {of
etc);
B
2.
cate;
etc).
AByx ~ax in duplispecimen (o/ an msec^,
civilians, etc).
3BaKyHp|oBaTb
vat'']
[evakuira-
3KHna
-a,
-eft
perf
&
imperf
-yio,
-yfi
-yeiub,
-oBaji,
imp
I [ekîpash, -zh] carriage, equipage. 3KHnaiK II [ekîpash, -zh]
evacuate
etc).
{troops,
civilians,
m
-H
2.
-a,
-eft
crew
{of
a ship,
etc).
[evAPutjtya] / {gradual evolution development). m -a [egAizm] 9roH3M ego'sm, selfishness.

9B0JiK)i;H',fl
-H,
-H
3KOH6MHK|a [ekAndmîka] / 1. economic structure;

{of socialism, etc);
economy
economics.
aroHCT [egAist, -zd]
-a,
-OB egoist, selfish person. 9H [ey] int col {impolite) hi!, hey!, I say. ' -a, aKBaxop [ekvatar]
geog equator. sKsaMCH [egzamîn] m -a, cut down expenses. 3K0H0MHHecK|HH [ekanAmî-OB examination, test; Bcxy-OB
' entrance exfiamination; BunycKHOH nal(s); -^ Ha axTecTax apethe jiocxH examination for certificate; school- leaving npHHHMaxb --'bi give exami-
[ekAnomît^] p -hji, imp -b, c':3KOH6MHXb [sekAnomît''] perf 1. economize, use sparingly; 2. economize {on), save {on); 3. {no perf) economize, be economical;
3KOH6M|HXb
-Jiio,
imperf
-Huib,
HHTejibRbiH
chîskîy] a -an, -oe, -He economic. [ekSHA3K0H0MHHH|bIH mîch^niy] a aKOHOMHêH, -a, -o, -bi economical {machine,
etc).
nations.
3KOH6MH|f!
[egzamî-yio,
SKsaMeHJoBaxb
nAvat^]
-H
[ekAnomîya] / economy, parsimony, savco6jiK)Aaxb
imperf
-yeuib,
ing;
K)
econo-
p -oBaji, imp -yft, npojaKsa- mize; be economical; m^ h MCHOBaxb [praegzam^mAvat*'] BpeMCHH [Aener u m. n.] to save time [money, etc]; 6opbperf examine (a student). 3K3eMnjiflp [egzempPar] m 6a ABHeHHe 3a ~K) econo-OB 1. copy {of a book, my drive; -a,
/
dKO
<> nojiHTMHecKan
cal
542 -^
~Ji
politi-
3KcnopTHp|oBaTb
tîravat**]
-yio,
-yft
[ekspAr-
economy.
perf
&
imperf
9KOH6MH|biH [ekAnomnty] a sh f SKOHOMCH, -a, -o, -bi economical; thrifty {person). 3KpaH [ekran] m -a, -ob (cinema) screen. SKCKaeaTop [ekskAvatar] m
technol excavator; -a, -OB walking excaiiiaraiomHH vator. 3KCKypcHjji [ekskursîys] / excursion; trip, -H 1. -H, outing; 2. party of excur-
-yeiub,
-OBaji,
-z]
imp
econ export.
[ekspr^'es,
SKcnpecc
-a,
-OB express (train).
SKcnpOMTOM [ekspromtam] adv impromtu, extempore.

[ekstr^'miy] 3KCTpeHHJbiH a sh f SKCipeH, -a, -o, -bi
special, exceptional, ex1. traordinary; ~biH Bb'mycK special edition; 2. urgent. sjieraHTHlbiH fePi^gantnty] a sh f ajieraHTCH, -a, -o, -bi elegant, smart. [ePik3jieKTpH()}HKauH|si trîfîkatjtya] / -h electrification.
sionists.
SKcneflHUHiJi
tjiya] / -H, -H
1.
[ekspî^d'î-
expedition; ^-h rescue cnacaxejibHan party; 2. dispatch office.
SKcnepMMeHT
m''ent, -d]
[eksp^'ir^'i-a,
3jieKTpH4)H^HploBaTb
tr^'if'it^lravat'']
[el^'ik-
-oe experi-d]
perf
&
im-
ment. 3KcnepT
-a,
perf
[eksp^'ert,
-yR),
imp -yH
etc).
-yeuib, electrify
-oBaji,
{railways,
-OB expert, specialist. 3KcnepTH3|a [ekspî^rtîza]
/
2.
-bi,
'
1.
examination, min[by
SI
I
ch''isk*'iy]
sjieKxpHHecKlHH [ePi^ktr^'ia -an, -oe, -He

3jieKTpMMecTBlo [ePi^ktrî-
ute
inspection
experts);
electric(al).
ch^'istva]
2.
commission of experts.
[ekspluAtaexploitation exploitation operaetc);
3KcnjiyaTai;H tsiya] / -H 1.
{of
people)',
-a
1.
electricity;
electric light.
2.
ajieKxpo...
tricity':
first
element of
to 'elec-
\of a coal-mine, tion, running;
compounds pertaining
maintenance
a building, etc). 3KcnjiyaTHp{0BaTb [ekspluAf'iravat^l imperf -yio, -yeuib,

{of
BJieKipoannapaxypa [ePektrAAparAtura] electrical equipment; electrical appliances; 3JieKxpon6e3A [elêktrapoyast,

-zd]
-yft 1. exploit exploit {a coalmine, etc)', operate, run. SKcnoHar [ekspAnat, -d] -a, -03 exhibit {in a museum,
-oBaji,
imp
electric
train;
{people)',
2.
[ePektrasjieKxpoAHHaMHKa dînamîka] electrodynamics; [el^'iktrAsjieKxpoxexHHK

t''ekhn''ik,
-g] electrician.
etc),
SKcnopT [ekspart,
-d]
-a
econ export; exports.
3jieKxpocxaHUH|fl [el''iktrAstantstya] / -h, -h- electric power-station.
543
ajicMCHT [elî^mênt, -d]
-a,
3nHAeMHifl
-H
9Ta
[epîdêm'Mya] epidemic [also fig).
pi -bi, -OB 1. element {of a larger whole); 2. pi elements (o/ learning, etc);
3,
/ -H,
3nH36A [epîzot, -d] -OB episode.

annjioT [ep'îlok, -g]
-OB epilogue.
m m
-a,
chem element; electr cell; rajibBaHiiqecKHH ~- galvanic

pile.
-a,
ajieMCHTapHibiH [ePimî^ntarniy] a sh f sjieMeHxapeH, -a, -o, -bi elementary (also fig). SMajiMpoeaHHlbiH [emaPir6v9nly] a [pa] enamelled;
3n6x|a [epokha] / -h, epoch; age, era. spa [era] f spbi, sp era; Ao HameH spbi B.C.; Hamefi
apbi
A.D.
enamel
enamel.
(attr).
/
-h,
-H erudition,
3Maji|b [emal^]
-ch
/
-bi,
[erudîtîya] / learning. scKaAPla [eskadra] / -bi, -^
spyflHUHJH
naut squadron.
3M6jieM!a
'
[embPema]
emblem. 3MHrpaHT [emîgrant,

-OB
/ -bH, -d]
3CKaApHJilbji [eskAdrîl^ya] -HH (air) squadron.
3CKaflp6H
[eskAdron]
-a,
-a,
emigrant.
perf
aMHrpHplOBaxb [emîgrîravat^]
-yeuib, grate.
&
imperf
-yio,
-oBaJi,
imp
-yfi
emi-
-OB cavalry squadron. scKajiarop [eskAlatar] -a, -oB escalator, moving staircase.
3CKH3
-OB
1.
feskîs,
-z]
-a,
3M0UH0HajibH|uH [emstjiAnal^niy] a sh /sMouHonajieH,

-a,
-o, -bi emotional. 3HeprHHH|biH [energîch''niy] a sh f SHepriiqeH, -a, ~bie Mepbi -o, -bi energetic; drastic measures. scTeTHHecKJHM [cstetîchî3HeprHiji [energîya] / -h skîy] a -aH, -oe, -He aesenergy; lenjioBan ~h thermal thetic(al). energy; H^HSHeHHaH ~h vital scTOHJei; [estonîts, -dzj m energy. -ua, -ueB Estonian. 3ct6hck|hh [estenskîy] a SHxysHasM [entuzîazm] m -an, -oe, -He Estonian. -a enthusiasm. 3Hi;HKjioneAHHecK|HH 3CTpaA|a [estrada] / -bi, [en1. stage, platform; 2. variety tsiklapîMîchîsk'îy] a -aa (art). -oe, -He encyclopaedic. 3CTpaAHbiH [estradniy] a va3HUHKJioneAH|5i [entjiklApêdîya] / -h, -h encyclo- riety {attr), vaudeville (attr) pron f 3toh, 3Ta [eta] paedia; 3T0H, (o6) 3T0H <> xoAflHan -H col walking 3T0H, Biy,
sketch, study {in painting); 2. draft (of smth to be constructed). 3CTa(|)eT!a [estAfêta] / -bi, sport relay-race; nepeAaib --y pass the baton.
dictionary.
see 3T0T.
9Ta
9Ta)K [etash, -zh]
floor, storey.
m
-a,
544
(o6) -M, 3Ta /, 3T0 n, 3TH pi this table; CTOJi 9Ta Baaa this vase; ~- okho this window; sth .aioAH these
this;
-eft
~T
arawepiKa [etAzherka] /-kh,

-OK bookstand; what-not.
aran [etap,
1.
-b] stage, phase; 2. [etî]

(-X),
-a,
-ob
3TM
sport lap. pron pi -x, -m,

(o6)
people; II as a noun
-MH,
-X
see
3T0T.
axo n -ro this, these; that, those; it; mto ~? what is this?, what is that?, what is it?; -~ KHHra this is
3THKla [etîka] / -h ethics. a book; that is a book; it is [etîkêtka] khhfh these are STHKerlKa / a book; --OK label (on a bottle, books; those are books; h -'TO ^KH, He BHAeji I didn't see it; oh etc). axHM [etîm] I instr of My He BepHT he doesn't believe it /that; 3T0T & 3T0 II; see stot; c sthm with II dat of 3th; see stot. it / that; o6 ~m about it / that. aTHMH {etîm^'lj instr of 3Ty [etu] ace of sia; see
9th; see stot.
[etîmAlo3THM0Ji6rHlH gîya] / -h etymology.
axHx [etîkh, -gh] gen, ace
3T0T. -a, -ob 3TK)A [etût, -d] 1. sketch (m painting)', 2. mus etude, exercise.
& pr
of 3th;
see stot.
3(|)H6n
[efîop,
(a
-b]
-a,
aio I [eta] part 1. used with the predicate: BocKpeceHbe BbixoAHOH AeHb Sunday is a day off; ^cth
-OB
Ethiopian
native of
Ethiopia). 3(t)H6ncKlHH [efîopskîy] a

-an,
-oe,
-He Ethiopian {per-
name
c
6yAymee
2.
children
are our future;
intens col.
BaMH? what is the matter with you?; rê bu 6biJiH? where have you been? 3T0 II [eta] pron n -ro,
-My, -- (-ro), 9THM, (o6) -M see TOT. 3Toro [etava] gen & ace of 3T0T, gen of 310 II; see stot. aioH [etay] gen, dat, instr & pr of 3Ta; see stot.
mo
taining to Ethiopia). 34)Hp [efîr] m -a 1. ether {upper regions of space); nepeAasaTb B -~- broadcast; b ~e on the air {of a wireless broadcast)', 2.
{pi
-bi,
-ob)
chem
ether.
3(J)(|)eKT
[ef'ekt, -gd]
1.
-a,
pi
-bi,
-OB
effect; 2. {most-
theat effects. a4)4)eKTHBH|biH [ef'i^ktîvniy] a sh f 34)4)eKTHBeH, -a, efficacious, -o, -bi effective,
ly pi)
3T0M [etam] pr
3T0
II;
of stot
&
effectual.
5ee 3T0T.
3X0 [ekha] n axa echo.

of stot
aiiiejiOH
axoMy [etamu] dat
[eshi^lon]
line,
-a,
&
3T0 II; see stot. aToJT [etat, -d] I pron dem -ro, -My, -t (-ro), sthm,
-OB
1.
mil
wave,
rly train; lon; 2. -^ trcop-train.
echeBOHHCKHft
545
K)
loSHJielfi
[yubîPey]
-h,
-eB anniversary; jubilee;
ot-
~H celebrate an anniversary io6K|a [yupka] / -h, k)6ok skirt {a garment); hhjkhhh

MCMaTb
.
ibHrja [yunga] -h, ship's boy, cabin-boy. ibHOCT|b [yunas^t^, -z^d^] / -h youth, adolescence. fOHOuija [yunasha] -h,
â
a
petticoat. lOBejiHpHlbiH [yuvî^lîrniy]

1.
jewelry
(attr)',
- bifi
youth, young man. lOHbiH [yuniy] a sh f kdh, K)Ha K)Ho, lOHbi young, youthful; lOHbie roAW the green
-eft
^bie h3- years. ropHAHHecKJHH [yurîdîAejiHfl jewelry; 2. fig fine, a -an, -oe, -He minute; ' an paSoxa 1) subtle chîskîy] workmanship; 2) fine piece juridical; legal; -hh (|)aKyjibxei department of law; of work. lor [yuk, -g] m ibra south; <> âH KOHcyjibTauHH legal
jeweller's;
MarasHH
K ibry OT... to the south of...; Ha ibre in the south; na lor south-war d(s); noexaxb na lor go south.
iorocjiaBCK|HH skîy] a -an, -oe,
slav(ian). ib)KHbiH
(attr),
consultation office. lopHCKOHcyjibT [yurîskon-d] -a, -ob legal adviser, jurist. lopHCT [yurîst, -zd] -a, -OB lawyer; npo4)eccHH a legal profession. K)cthi;h|si [yus^tîtsiya] / -h justice {1) administration of law, 2) law-courts as a whole). K)TH|TbC5i [yutîttsa] imperf loqycb, -uibCH, p -jich, -jiacb, imp -Cb, -Tecb be cooped up.
sul^t,
[yugAslaf-He Yugo-
[yuzhniy] a south
southern; caMbifl southernmost. lOMop [yumar] -a
~ the
hu-
mour. iOMOpHCTHMecK|Hfi
rîs^t^'ichîsk^'iy]
[yum9-oe,
a -an, -He humorous, comic.
51
lya] I pron pers sing person mchh, MHe, Menn, MHofl (mhok)), (o6o) mhc I; 51 saHHT I'm busy; Menn He 6biJio j\6ua I wasn't in; Mbi saHHMajiHCb y Mena we
51
Isf
my place; y mchh KapaHAama I have no pencil; mhc xojioaho I'm cold; xbi MeHH BHAeJi? did you see me?; oh 6biJi co mhoh he was with me; o6o mhc about me;
studied at
Hex
fi6jf
-^ 546 n
n,
II as a noun ego, (the) I;
fndecl
(the)
flAepHwii [yad'irnty] a nuclear.
<>
fl
6yAy He
is
ecjiH...
if
col
my name
fl6jiOK|o
-H,
not...
I...
[yabbkaj n
-aM
-a,
pi
apple (fruit); rjiasKoe <> ~o anat eyeball; ~ô pasAopa apple of

,
MAOBHTlbiH [yidAvîtty] a sh f -^, -a, -o, -u 1. poisonous; toxic; 2. //^ poisonous,
venomous. HApjo [yi^dro] n -a, pi HApa, HAep 1. kernel (also

spor^ fig); nucleus; 2. TojiKaTb ~6 put the
3.
discord.
n6jioH|si
[yabbn^'a]
-h,
shot; shot;
---
-b apple-tree.
SIBMTbC}] see HBJIHTbCH.
shot, (canon -)ball. HSBJa [yazva] / -bi,
ul-
nBK|a [yafka]
-h,
pi
-h,
HBOK
2.
1,
presence, attendance;
secret address. flBjieHHJe [yi^vlênîya] n -H, -H 1. phenomenon; occurrence; 2. theat scene. siBjiibcb [yi^vl^'us^, -z^] Jst person of HBHTbîH; see hb-
sore (also fig). ji3BHTejibHlbiH [yi^z^'vîtîl^niy] a sh f asBHTejieH, -a,-o, -M caustic, biting, spitecer,
ful.
ji3biK
[yi^zlk,
-g]
-a,
JIHTbCH.
$i3jifl|Tbc^
[yi^vPattâ] im-euibCH, -HCH,
perf
-Jiacb,
-K)Cb,
-jich,
imp
-HTecb,
siBH|TbC5i
HBJIKDCb,
-jiacb,
[yi^v**ittj9]
perf
-JICH,
1.
HBHUIbCH,
-Cb,
anat tongue (also fig); 2. tongue (food); 3. language, tongue; 4. mil col identification prisoner; oth^jicsi his <> y Hero tongue failed him; y Hero xopouio noABeuieH col he has a ready tongue; y Hero
-OB
1.
appear, present oneself; come, arrive; ~TbC5i Ha pa66Ty report for work; HBHTbCH c noBHHHefi law give oneself up; 2. be, turn out to be; sto
imp
-Tecb
-^
He
8T0
noBepHCTcn cKasarb he won't have the
' eicH AOKaaaiejibCTBOM ero BHHbi it is proof of his guilt. tongue. [yizikAznafl3WK03HaHHle RBHbiH [yavniy] a evident, nîya] n -h linguistics. obvious; visible. flBOK [yavak, -g] see HBKa. jiHHHHula [yiîshnîtja] / - omelette; -bi, fried eggs; nroAJa [yagada] / -u, scrambled eggs. berry (small fruit); <> Hauaero nojin a col jiHUlo [yi*-'ytj6] n -a, pi HHua, 5IHU,, HHuaM egg; biol one of our kind. siA [yat, -d] m HAa (n^y), ovum; ^6 BCMHXKy soft-boiled egg; '-o BRpyryio JiardHAOB poison (also fig). CBapHXb* ^6 -boiled egg; BACp [yad^'ir] see HApo.
say it; y Hero -^ cKasarb axo col he is itching to say it; aro cjiobo BepTHTGJi y MCHfl Ha ~ c col the word is on the tip of my
heart to
Meuiercji
547
[BKpyTyio] boil an egg lightly [hard]; ~a tie <> 3T0 BbieACHHoro worth a CTOHT it is not
niiîi
BCMHTKy
brass farthing.
HKo6bi
[yakabi]
cj
&
pari
allegedly, supposedly; as if, as though. -h, pi -h, SKOplb [yakar^] technol anchor; -eft naut,
electr
armature.
flpoBlbie [yirAVi'ya] pi -bix spring crops. jipOK [yarak, g] see npKHH. flpocxH|wH [yarasniy] a sh f jipocxeH, -a, -o, -bi furious, violent, fierce. npocxlb [yaras^t^, -z^d^] / -H fury, rage; npHHXH b --b fly into a rage; npHBecxH e b infuriate; bhc ce6H ox ~H beside oneself with rage.
flKyx [yi^kut, -d]
-a, -ob
Yakut. HKyxcKJHH
-an,
-oe,
flpyc [yarus, -z] theat circle; tier.

jip4e [y archil]
-a,
-oe
[yi^kutjkîy]
/
comp
of Hp-
-He Yakut.
Bbirpe6HaH cesspool; Mycopnasi -~ refuse pit;

hole;
<> B03AyiiiHa5i
Ma [yama]
hmh, hm
pit,
KHH & corresp adv. MCCH [yas^m] see hchhh.

[yas^lî] pi trough; 2. (day) nursery.
flCjilH
eft
I.
manger,
creche,
5iHBap|b
^ air-pocket. [yi^nvar^] -h
January.
flHxaplb
[yi^ntar^]
-h
amber.
-dz] sin6H|eu [yi^ponîtj, -ua, -ueB Japanese. 5in6HCK|HH [yi'^ponskîy] a -an, -oe, -He Japanese.
a sh f clear (/) sky, etc; 2) idea, etc); distinct {writing, etc); serene {smile,
[yasniy]
-o,
-bi (-bi)
ncH|biH Hcen, -a,
etc).
pi
flcxpe6 [yastrîp, -b] -a, -a (-bi), -OB (-ob) hawk.

flxxja
[yakhta]
-bi,
flpK|HH [yark'îy] a -an, -oe, -He; sh f HpoK, -a, -o, -h 1.
yacht.
bright (light,
etc);
nftoroHL
an
Jinq-
blazing fire; 2. fig striking, graphic {example, etc); brilliant (talent,

npjibiK
etc);
nMeHKla [yi^chêyka] / -h, HMeeK 1. biol cell; 2. cell, (small) group / unit. flMMeH|b I [yi^ch^mên^]-m
-H
bot barley.
HocTb brilliant person.

fyi^rllk, -q] OB label; tag; npHKjieHXb label {also fig).
H4MeH|b
II
[yi^ch^m^'en^]
[yash^:irîtj9] /
-g]
-a,
m
-bi,
-H,
-eft
sty.
flmepHi;|a
~
1.
lizard.
MpMapJKa [yarmarka]
/ -kh,
amHK
-OB
er
[yash^:ik,
-a,
-OK
fair,
apM|6
{also fig).
market. [yi^rmo] n
-a
box {of wood, etc); yoke MycopHHH ~ dustbin; 2. draw{in
a desk
etc).
GRAMMAR TABLES AND
LISTS
OF SUFFIXES
The Tables and Lists that follow present the most important grammatical information about Russian words. They are intended to aid the user in producing the correct Russian forms and in analyzing Russian forms into their component parts. The Tables contain the inflectional paradigms of the major word
classes.
first
The Lists of Suffixes are divided into two parts: The part contains the inflectional endings (case, gender, number and person); the second part, the most important suffixes used in the formation of Russian words.
551
X
eg
oca
s^cx
ex ex ex ex ex TO -o -o "O -o -o " vo \o ,^ \o \o
>.
o\o
CO CO TO CO
TO
3 1
TO CO TO CO
o
~
1
3
ct!
CO
eg CO
c\3
CO
'
eg CO
eg CO
eg CO
1
t-, <L)
^
o-
(-1
TO
W >>TO o'S ex ex o- d, a. *
35
C-, C-, C_ v(U ^<D Ô) Ml> ^T'
U K K K K S^0)
O TO^^ cx ex cxD, * U t- u u X X S X x<^

i5
TO
ci,
cQ
CO
cx s.Jn
,
H
oa ca cQ pa m o o o o o
'TO
cx'^ca ^>> cx-o to) ex cx:<D ex
^ -, 1 g' . '^ -O -TO -^ -TO o ci,cx ex Ci, ex S ^

'::^
>2.
tf
1
'S-g-l'sl
-TO
^^
1
tec
SS2Sgf
X
OQ
In
'U3
-O
-TO -ja -eg
S S 3 H
(J
<J
CJ
CJ
vS-
U U U U
S
<^
X
JS'TO
^
S..S.as.e
o o o o o
>2.
^0)
CQ
CQ
S 5
cx cx cu cx a,c?^
o o o o o
"to"
>=;
-eg ->,vcg -.Q M c^ t^ t^ c^ o o o o o -^

ca
pa
^ Ô
oa pa
.TO
-O
oa
-TO
3^
(B
cQ
cQ >ii.
oa
cQ
i S
^|:s
'
552
-O)
a c
-TO
->>
iil
^C
^^
cj
g s
^
5J
|3i
-iC
>. >>
<J ,,
^ ^ >> >> >.'o^ <> o o u ^

"
MS 1 5 K a; K K K y ja J3 J3 J3 ->, 33- ff 3< o y ->,^>.->.->,->,^_^ CJ W CJ o o o

X
K K OJ ja ^ J3 J3 H H H Ea. CU Q. cx
B
:;^
a
t-.
'>^
.^ K
>.->> CX Q.
H H
TO
15 K v>. H o ^
J3
D--;r-
^
O) c;
>^
00
C C
c c c c c -S
X
03
C a c
;^
TO
s s O 'O
f=C
s %-o >> o ct s s s
a>
S S
t^
2
,CU
CD
Cu
u,
,-v
TO
>>
-TO
T3
TO
J<
a, cu
TO -TO
Q-CX:^
TO -TO
a
-
s^2
TO
-Q *0 -TO 'J3 -TO a. a, o. a, cu

C^
S s s
C^
X
-TO
a.
TO
C^
CO
3 X
a a
a a a>-
a a a a
35:
>.
CO
CuO
C
..
(/)
'^
TO
"
VO VD >^->.
en
->, >,^>.
CO en
>. VO \o
CO
o ^ ^ ^ ^^ a o
00
-
S'>>
J3 -O -TO J3 -CO VO VO VO VO VO
CQ
S S
00
^>1 >> >.->,

CO
^^ >>'3
v_^
en
CO
CO
TO TO -TO
H H H
VO \o
>>
TO
S-TO o a.
\o
CQ S 03 K OJ K OJ > : >a aj H H H H -TO -TO -TO -TO
-TO -TO -TO
\o \o
on
o .Sa.
D- Q- CX a, VO VO \0 VO VO
vM VO
i i K H 2'S O-
Q,^ K
^
X
-
a s S
TO
JC
a- a.
o o H H
til
ii
(=t
S o >> TO O H O- Cl O- g o o o ô H H H "^ ->

-i:
ffl
-TO Ô -TO 'O -TO ci- CU cx CL a,
ii
-O'O
(=(
'O Ô Ô o^ ct r^ ct^
O O H H ii o gis;
^ 5 O O O o H H H & ^ ii ii r; o o o'o S.^
S a S
'So
TO
CL Q-
O'O m 03
S o c
S 'O >,TO O ^2 a- a, Q-^ 'O ô 'O "3^

CQ
03 CQ
CO
2
CX -o
03
S
-TO
CQ
CQ
S
CQ
ex,
'O
Cl,
03
vi'
o O O O
ca
-O -TO CU Q- a,
o
Bj
^_^
^ ô Q"^^^
C3 CJ
t/5
;,^--O
:ÔQ^-^'^
s c *"> o ^ a
<^ CJ
"^
~-
-o
553
"K ^K
CO
eg >, C3 o ^05 K a K K m S s S S S O
eg CQ (D
03 CU
eg oa <U
CO
CQ OJ
eg CQ (D CO
O O O O O '^
CO
"Cs CO CO
"-d;
'^
"K 'K ^K ^R ^R
CO
CO CO
^ g X
J!^
CO
O O O O O '^ X X X X X ci-
eg eg ^^ ca o K K a E -s ^s ^s ^s 'S ex K K E K K O m K CR K w 1=^ CU O- CI. CU CU o o o o o ^_ ca Ba cQ aa 03 ^

ffi ffi
S E
O)
eg
'R ^R 'R ^R 'R m cx, o, cx a. ci, "<
E S E S E O
eg
CL,
o o o o o '5^ ^^ CQ oa CQ CQ CO
C3
vK -R
s s K K Q ja t- H CJ O
O)
O)
O 5 s s ^2 K K K H ^R ^K -R u gQ J3 J3 OJ H t- H O O U Oh OJ
>>
eg
scj
^R -R ^R ^R ^R
CL CU CU
C/5
<D OJ CI,
d,-^
y Oh H E? H H e5 H H tT' a u u a cj * D QJ OJ QJ CX Oh o- o- d.-^ W M M W vH<3J
X eg S E S^R S eg ja eg O) E E S a K .^
X
3
.E
O E K E E K K eg ^S ^S ^S ^S ^S i< E E E E E
eg
>>
eg
S t< S tt S
C^ CQ C^
S E S S eg eg _ eg i< O) E W E W E ^
êg êg ^cg ^cg cg ^_^ d. O- Oh Cl, Oh
eg
f=i
2S- t=L 1=1

CO CO
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
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Table 33
Adjectives with stem ending in soft sibilants
(q, m.)
Singular
Masculine
Plural
Neuter
Feminine
Norn
rOpHMMH
ropyiqero
ropHqan
ropHHefl
Gen Dat
Ace
Instr
ropnqeMy
rOpHMHH, ropHMero
ropnqeH ropHqyK)
ropH.qefl
ropaqee ropHHero ropHHeMy ropnqee

ropjiqHM
(o)
ropnqHe FopaqHX ropnqHM

Fopjiqne,
ropHHUM
(o)
Abl
rOpHMCM (o)ropHqeH
ropHqeM
ropnqHX ropHqHMH (o) ropaqHX
Table 36
Adjectives with stem ending in u
Singular
Masculine
Plural
Neuter
Feminine
Norn
KyUblH
KyuaH
Kyuefl Kyuefl
Gen Dat
Ace
Instr
Kyuero KyueMy
KyubiH,
Kyuee Kyuero
Kyubie Kyubix
KyueMy
Kyuee
KyiibiM
(o)
,
KyUbIM
Kyubie,
KyuyK)
Kyuefi (o) Kyuefi
Kyuero KyubiM
(o)
Abl
KyueM
KyueM
Kyubix KyUblMH (o) Kyubix
Table 37
Possessive adjectives ending in -hA, -hn, be
Singular
Masculine
Plural
Neuter
BOJiqbe BOJiqbero
Feminine
BOJiqbH
BOJiqbefi
Nom
Gen Dat
Ace
Instr
BOJiqHH BOJiqbero BOJiqbCMy

BOJiqHH,
BOJiqbH
BOJiqbefl
BOJiqbeMy
BOJiqbe
BOJiqbHX BOJiqbHM
BOJiqbH,
BOJiqbK)
Abl
BOJiqbero B6jiqbHM BOJiqbeH (O) BOJiqbCM (o) BOJiqbeH
BOJiqbHM (O) BOJiqbCM
BOJiqbHX BOJiqbHMH
(O) BOJiqfaHX
582
Table 38
Possessive adjectives ending in -hh, -uh, -ob, -es
Singular
Masculine
Plural
Neuter
Feminine
Norn Gen Dat Ace

Instr
MaMHH MaMHHa MaMHHy MaMHH, MaMHHa

MaMHHblM
(O)
MaMHHa MaMHHOH MaMHHOH MaMHHy
MaMHHO MaMHHa MaMHHy MaMHHO

MaMHHblM
(O)
MaMHHbl MaMHHblX MaMHHblM

MaMHHbl,
Abl
MaMHHOH MaMHHOM (O) MaMHHOH
MaMHHOM
MaMHHblX MaMHHblMH (O) MaMHHblX
Table 39
Numerals
a,
!
Nom
Gen Dat
Ace
Instr
OAHH OAHoro OAHOMy

OAHH,
OAHa OAHOH OAHOH oAHy

OAHOH (06) OAHOH
OAHO OAHoro OAHOMy OAHO
OAHH OAHHX
OAHHM
OAHH,
oAHoro
Abl
OAHHM (06) OAHOM
OAHHM (06) OAHOM
OAHHX OAHKMH (06) OAHHX
b)
Nom
Gen Dat
Ace
Instr
ABa AByx
ABe
rpH
AByM
ABa.
AByx AByM
ABC,
ipex
TpeM
TpH,
qcTbipe qcTbipex qexbipeM

MCTbipe,
Abl
AByx AByMH (o) AByx
AByx
AByMH (o) AByx
Tpex TpeMH (o) Tpex
MCTbipeX qeibipbMH (o) qcTbipex
583
Table 39, continued
c)
d)
e)
Nom
Gen Dat
Ace
Instr
nHTb nHTH nHTH OHTb

HHTblO
(o)
HHTHaAUaTb OHTHaAUaTH HHTHa/maTH HHTHaAUaTb OHTHaAUaTbR)

(o)
nHTbflecHi
nHTHêCHTH nHTHêCHTH nHTbêcHT

nHTbK)/ie-
OHTbCOT OHTHCOT DHTHCTaM HHTbCOT

OHTblOCTa-
CHTbK)
MH
(O)
Abl
nHTH
nHTHajiuaTH
(o) univÂ^-
HHTHCTaX
CHTH
h)
g)
Nom
Gen Dat Ace
Instr
CTO
CTa era CTO
ABeCTH
AByXCOT
jlByMCTaM ABeCTH,
nojiTopa, nojiTopbi no.riyTopa
noJiTopacTa
nojiyropa
nojiTopa, nojiTopbi
nojiyTopacTa nojiyTopacTa nojiTopacTa

noJiyTopa-
AByXCOT
CTaMH
(o)
flByMHCTaMH
(o)
nojiyTopa
(o)
CTaMH
Abl
CTa
/iByxcTax
nojiyTO(o)
noJiyTO-
pa
pacTa
\\
Nom
Gen Dat
Ace
Instr
ABoe
flBOHX
HHTepo
nniepbix HHTepblM
njiTepo,
66a
ABOHM
flBoe,
o66hx o66hm 66a, o66hx
66e o6eHx c6eHM 66&, o6eHx
flBOHX
ABOHMH
(O) flBOHX
Abl
OHTepblX OHTepblMH (o) HHTepblX
o66hmh
(o6)
o66hx
06eHMH (o6) o6eHX
584
Table 40
Personal, reflexive and possessive pronouns
a)
Nom
Gen Dat
Ace
Instr
TbI
Mbl
Bbl
MeHH MHe MCHH MHOH

(060)
Te6H Te6e Te6H
Hac
sac
HaM
Hac
BaM
Bac
to66h
HaMH
(0)
BaMH
(0)
Abl
MHe
(0)
Te6e
b)
Hac
Bac
Nom
Gen Dat
Ace
Instr
OH,
ero,
OHO
Hero
OHa
ee,
eft,
OHH
nee
Heft
_
ce6H ce6e ce6H
eMy, HCMy ero, Hero HM, HHM

(0)
ee,
Hee eH, HeH

(0) Heft
Abl
HCM
HHX HHM HHX HMH HHMH (0) HHx

hx, HM, hx.
c)
C066h
(0)
ce6e
Nom
Gen Dat
Ace
Instr
MOH, M0e(TB0H, TBOe, CBOH, CBoe)
MOH (TBOH
cboh)
Moeft
MOH (tBOH,
cboh)
Moero
MOHX
MOIIM
MOeMy
MOH, Moero, MOe
MOCH
MOK)
Moeft
(0) Moeft
MOH, MOHX
Abl
MOHM (0) MOeM
MOHMH (0) MOHX
d)
Nom
Gen Dat
Ace
Instr
Ham, name (Bam, same) namero
Kama (Bama)
Hamefl Hamefl
HamH (Bamn)
HamHX HamHM
HamH, HamHX
HameMy
Ham, Hamero,
namy
Hameft (0) Hameft
name
Abl
HamHM (0) HameM
HamHMH (0) HamHX

SI 2i
585
X
X s
a; c;
X d) S H
a;
oa
X
c; cQ
a;
oa
CJ <2
.
a>
a;
ca
V.
oQ
>z>
s H
-CTi
X s
9S
S H
-cr>
x^ = s
H H H S
j:
= s s
-cn
'^5
'CD -o) ^cn
H oO
s
^ \o
't
^_^
0) CQ
,^-^
2 o o a S 03 DQ CQ
a;
s >s _
^^
v8
oa
u -2. o 03
s
in,
JD
'to'
sS 'S
to
o o
>.
.i Oyo
H^S
IS
1
-vo^>>
jQ a; CO
ô
-S
-Ct)
VCD v(D
U g u u
CQ CQ
. <v
jfl
<"
- -^
CQ -ii-
. -
MH
MHX
MHM
MH,
^
-Ch
(-
-<T) <cr
^(T
H o
-iii'
-TO cj
TO
o a u
TO -TO
So
^-^
3;i
s
1
1 1
O u ^'O S u

s S
^j*
'>
'O
K S X
X X
S ^
o -TO J S S 2 2 -S TO TO TO TO O CJ CJ O
:fy
s s ô -o
ss
^
SI'S
1 1
scu <a) -a>
sss
ô
1
Sô'>^ t,_,
K K K
vO; vO)
X X
'"^
TO
^^
O
3*
S 2 i s i - O O ^ TO S S S s S TO TO TO TO TO o a o a o o -r^
S S o
H
a"
S
^0^>'
t? a 3"
^> 3"
JQ
S
-s
3"
3*
>a 3*
.Q 3*
J3 3*
^S
sD
^^
'O
'5'
S
^^
1
'2's^2 o o o M w
o s
O S s
sS
o)
3*
St
<U ja 3* O) JQ 3-
sS
oi 3*
s^ s
ssl
II
^S
^^
OCj^
S"^B
:5:OQ'^
ig-^^
ll
586
Table of
Present tense imperfective aspect and future tense perfective aspect
% n
42 43 44 45
46 47 48 49
Infinitive
Ist
Sing
person
a r
Plural
3d person
2nd person
6paTb
Bbl6paTb pa3o6paTb
6pbi3raTb
6pK)3>KaTb
6epy
Bbi6epy
6epeiub
Bbi6epeiiib
6epyx
Bbi6epyx
pasSepy
6pbi3>Ky 6pbi3raK) \ 6pi03>Ky
)
pa36epeujb
6pbi3>KeiiJb
pa36epyx
6pbi3>Kyx 6pbi3raK)x 6pK)3}Kax
6pbi3raemb
6pK)3>KIimb ;iep>KHuib
BH>KeilIb
50
51
Aep>KaTb BHSaTb oTpesaib BsopBaib BCiaTb

Bbi;iep>KaTb BblSBail.
Aep>Ky
BH">Ky
OTpe>Ky
oxpe>Kemb
BSOpBeiUb
BCxaHeiiib
Bbi;iep>!<HLLIb
Aep>Kax BH>KyX oxpe>Kyx
B3opBy BCxaHy
BbiAep>Ky
B3opByx Bcxanyx
BbiAep>Kax BblSOByX
Bbina;;yx
K.na;iyx
52 53 54 55 56
57 58
BbOOBy
Bbinaiiy
KJiajiy
BbinacTb
KJiaCTb
BblSOBeiUb Bbinajiemb
BbinHcaTb
riHcaib
59 60
61
BbipsaTb BbiCKasaTb
Bbic.naTb
BbinHLuy nHUjy BbipBy

Bb'iCKa>Ky
BblLUJlIO
KJiaêmb BbinHLuemb
BbinHLuyx
nHUiemb
BbipBeiUb
nnmyx
Bbipsyx BbicKa>Kyx
BblUIJlIOX
BbiCKa>Kemb
BbiuiJieiub
BblCbin^HK) 62 63 Jiaib 64 KynaTb(CH) Kynaio(cb) 64a B3iKynaTb(cH) BbiKynaK)(cb)
OTOCJiaTb Bbicbinaxb iiaBaxb
OXOUIJIK)
oxouijiemb
Bbicbinjieiub
OXOmJIKDT
Bbicbinjiiox
Aaemb
Kynaeiiib(CH)
BbiKynaeiub(cH)
Aaibx KynaK)x(cH) BbiKynaK)X(CH)
65 65a 66 67 68 69 70
71
paSoraxb
BbipaSoiaib
pa66xaio BbipaSoxaK)
/ipeMJiK)
ApeMaib
OTOSBaXb SBaTb
0X30By 30By
paSoxaiox Bbipa6oxaeiub Bbipa6oxaK)x jipeMjiiox ;ipeMJiemb oxsoByx oxsoBeiub 30Byx 30BeiUb

pa66xaeiiib
MaxaTb
MeiaTb exaxb
Bbiexaib
Mamy
Meqy
e;iy
Mameiub
Meneiub
e;iemb BbieAeiub
Mamyx
Meqyx
ejiyx
72 73
BbieAy
BbieAyx
Tpeneiaxb
xpenemy
xpenemeiub
xpenemyx
587
Verb Forms
Past tense
Imperative
Sing u
Masculine
6paji Bbi6paji
a r
Plural
6pajiH BbigpajiH
Singular
6epH
Bbi6epH pasSepii 6pbI3>KH
1
Feminine
6pajia Bbi6pajia
pasoSpaj]
6pbi3raji
pa3o6pajia
6pbi3rajia
6pK)3>Kajia Aep}Kajia
B5i3ajia
pa3o6pajiH
6pbi3rajiH
6pK)3>KaJlH jxepvKanu BHSajlH oxpesajiH B30pBaJIH BCXajlH BbiAep>KajiH BbI3BaJlH BbinajiH
KjiajiH
\ 6pfai3raH
6pHD3>KaJl
6pK)3>KH
Aep>Ka;i BHsaJi
OTpesaji B30pBaJI
BCTaJT
Bb'iêpjKaji
0Tpe3ajia B3opBajia
Bcxajia
Bbi;tep>Kajia
Aep>KH BH>KH oxpe>Kb
B30pBH BCXaHb
BbiAepJKH BblSOBH
BbI3BaJI
Bbinaji
Kjiaji
Bbi3Bajia Bbinajia
Kjiajia
Bbina^H
KJiaflH
BbinHcaji nHcaji Bbipeaji BtiCKa3aji

Bbicjiaji
BbinHcajia nHcajia Bbipsajia BbiCKa3ajia

Bbicjiajia
BbinHcajiH nHcajiH BblpBaJlH BbiCKasajiH

Bb'lCJiajlH
BbinHiuH
nHUIH BblpBH BblCKaJKH

BbllUJIH
OTocjiaji
Bbicbinaji
OTOCJiajia
Bbicbinajia
oxocjiaJiH BbiCbinaJiH
OXOUIJIH Bbicbinb
AaBaji Kynaji(cH) BbiKynaji(cH)
Aasajia Kynajia(cb) BbiKynaJia(cb)
AaeajiH KynajiH(cb)
BfaiKynaJiH(cb)
;taBaH KynaH(c5i) BbiKynaH(c5i)
pa66Taji
Bbipa6oTan
;ipeMaji
padoTajia Bbipa6oTajia
pa66xajiH Bbipa6oxaJiH
jipeuajin
pa66xaH
Bbipa6oxaH
/ipeMjiH
ApeMajia
0T03Bajia 3Bajia
0T03BaJI
3Baji
Maxaji MeTaji exaji

Bb'iexaji
Maxajia Mexajia
exajia Bbiexajia
0X03BaJIH 3BaJIH MaxaJiH MexajiH exajiH

BbiexajiH
0X30BH 30BH MaUIH
Me^H
(noe3)KaH) Bbie3}KaH
Tpenexaji
___
Tpenexajia
xpenexajiH
xpeneiHH
588
"~~

'
Infinitive
Sing
1st person
Plural
3d person
2nd person
6e>KkUJb
74 74a 75 76 77 78 79 80
81
6e>KaTb Bbi6e}Ka7b
6ery Bbi6ery
Bbi6e}KHmb
npHqeiiib
CJlbllUHIUb
6eryx Bbi6eryx
npHTaib
cjibiuiaxb
npHqy
cjibimy
cnjiK)
npnqyx
cjibimax
cnaxb BbiKapaSKaTbCH
Hcaxb
BbiKapaSKaK)Cb
cnHiub BbiKapa6KaeiubCH JKMeiUb paaojKMeiub
cnHx BbiKapaSKaKDXCH
pa3>KaTb
BblHCaXb jKaxb
>KMy paaojKMy
BblJKMy jKHy
>KMyx paaoHCMyx
BblJKMyX HCHyx Hiuyx KyiOT
KJIIOlbx
Bbi>KMemb
>KHeiUb Hmeiiib
82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91
HCKaXb KOBaXb
KJieBaxb K0Jie6axb
Hmy
Kyib
KJIIOK)
Kyeuib
Kjiioeinb
K0Jie6jieiiib
K0Jie6jiK)
K0Jie6jiK)x
Haqaxb
pH<axb
Haqny
P>Ky
Haqneiub
pjKeilib
Haqnyx
pjKyx
CKaKaxb
xbiKaxb
jiraxb
cKaqy
xbiqy
jiry
CKaqeuib xbiqemb
j]>Keiijb
CKaqyx
xbiqyx
jiryx
Cbin.FlK)X
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
101
cbinaxb
Cbinjiio
Cbinjieuib
cxoHaxb rnaxb
Bbirnaxb
cxoHy
rOHK)
Bb'irOHK)
cxoHeiiib
rOHHlUb BbirOHHUIb
ofirOHHUJb
cxoHyx rOHHX
BbirOHHX
o6orHaxb paaornaxb
6ejiexb o6eccHJiexb Bejiexb
o6roHK) paaroHK)
6ejieio
paaroHHUib
6ejieemb
BeJIHLUb
cdroHHX paarOHHX
o6eccHjieio
BejiK)
6ejieK)x o6eccHJieeiiib o6eccHJieiox

Bejiflx
102 103 104
CMoxpexb 6epeMb neqb

Bbixeqb
CMOXpib
CMOXpHlUb
6epe}Keiiib
CM6xp5IX
6epery neKy
BbixeKy
neqeiub
Bbixeqeiub
1
6eperyx ncKyx
BbixeKyx 6jiecxHx
105 106
6.necxexb
6jiemy
6jiecxHiiib
Bepxexb
aepqy
6;iememb BepxHiub
6jiemyx
BepXHT
_^
589
Continued
Past tense
Imperative
Sing
Masculine
a r
Plural
Feminine
Singular
6erH Bbi6erH
6e>Kaji
Bbidewaji npHxaji
cjibiiuaji
6e>Kajia Bbi6e>Kajia
SeJKaJiH Bbi6e}KaJiH
npHxajia
cjibimajia
npHxajiH
cjibimajiH
npHMb
cnH
BbiKapa6KafiCH
cnaji
cnajia
cnajiH
BbiKapa6KajiCH
jKaji
BbiKapa6Kajiacb
>Kajia
BbiKapa6KaJlHCb
HcaJiH
pasjKaji
BbijKaJi
jKaji
pa3>Kajia
Bbi>Kajia
jKaJia
pasjKajiH
BblJKaJlH
>KaJiH
5KMH paaojKMH
BbI}KMH }KHH HUIH
HCKajI KOBajI
KJiesaji
HCKajia KOBajia
KJieBaJia
HCKaJlH KOBaJIH
KJieBajiH
KyH
KJIKDH
K0Jie6kJi
K0Jie6ajia
K0Jie6ajiH
K0Jie6jIH
nemaji
pjKaji
Hanajia
pjKajia
HaMajiH
pjKaJiH
HaqHH
p5KH
CKaKaji
TbiKaji
jiraji
cKaKajia
TbiKajia
jirajia
CKaKajiH
TblKaJIH
jirajiH
CKaMH TUHh
JIFH
cb'maji
cbinajia
cbinajiH
Cbinb
CTOHaJI
rnaji
BwrHaji
o6orHaJi paaornaji
6eJieji
cxoHajia FHajia Bbirnajia o6orHajia pasornaji^

6ejiejia
CTOHaJIH rnajiH
BbirnajiH
CTOHH rOHH
BbiroHH
oGornajiH pasornajiH
6eJiejiH
o6roHH pasroHH
o6eccHJieji
Bejieji
o6eccHJiejia
BCJiejia
o6eccHJiejiH
BejiejiH
BejiH
CMOTpeJI
6epgr
ncK
BbixeK
djiecxeji
CMoxpejia 6eper;i^ neKjia BbixeK Ji a

6jiecxejia
CMOXp^JIH 6eperjiH neKJiH

BbixeKjiH
6jiecxejiH
CMOTpH 6eperH neKH

BbixeK H
6jiecxH
Bepxii
Bepxeji
sepx^jia
BepxejiH
590
^ n
107 108 109 110
111
Infinitive
tst
Sing
person
a r
Plural
3d person
2nd person
rJiHflexb
rJIH>Ky
Bbir;i5i>Ky
BbirjiHAexb
rJIHAHlUb BbirJIHAHUlb
rJlHAHX
BbirjlHAHT
06HAeTb(CH) BHCeTb
BJieSTb BbIJie3TH
o6H>Ky(cb) BHiuy
BJiesy
BbiJiesy
06HAHmb(CH) o6hahx(ch) BHCHX BHCHUIb

BJie3eiub
Bbijie3eiiib
112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120

121
BJie3yx BbiJie3yx
HeCTH
BblHeCTH
Hecy
BbiHecy
rpeMJiib
Heceiiib
Hecyx
BbiHecyx
rpeMCTb AeTb aasKceTb saMepexb
BbiHeceuib rpeMHiiib
Aeny
saoHiiiy
ACHenib
3aBHCHIlIb saMpeiiib
rpeMHx ACHyx
3aBHC5IX
KpHXTeTb lepneib
TepeTb(cH) BbixepeTb
saMpy KpHXMy
xepnjiK) xpy(cb)
Bb'ixpy
saMpyx
Kp5IXXHX
KpHXXHIIIb
xepnHiiib xpeiiib(cH) Bbixpeuib
xepnax
xpyx(cH) Bbixpyx
122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130

131
pacxepexb cxepexb BOCKJIHKHyXb ABHHyXb(CH) 3H6HyXb

BbirjiHHyxb
pasoxpy coxpy BOCKJIHKHy

ilBHHy(Cb)
3H6Hy
BbirjiHHy
pa30xpyx coxpyx BOCKJIHKHemb BOCKJIHKHyX ABHHemb(cH) ABHHyx{CH) 3H6HyX 3H6Hemb

pasoxpeuib
coxpeiiib
BXHHyXb
rHyxb(cH)
jxyrh
BXHHy
rnylcb) AyK)
BbirjiHHenib BXHHeillb
rHeiub(c5i)
BbirJiHHyx
BXHHyX
rHyx(c5i)
Ay'iox
132 133 134 135
BHHyXb xoxexb xpycxexb

KHIlieXb
BHHy xoqy
Ayeuib BHHeiUb xoqeuib
xpymy
xpycxHuib
/
BHHyx XOXHT xpycxHx

KHiuax
136
BblBAOpOBeXb
BbI3AOpOBJIK)
j
j
BbI3AOpOBHIUb BbI3AOpOBeeuib
BbI3AOpOBeiOX
137 138 139
Bbijiexexb
BbiJieqy
Bbiqecxb
Bb'mxy
BblJieXHIUb Bbiqxeiub
Bb'lJieXHX
Bbiqxyx
yqecxb
yqxy
yqxeuib
yqxyx
591
Continued
Past tense
Imperative
Si
Masculine
ng
Plural
Feminine
Singular
rsisijieji
rjiHjiejia
rjiHêjiH
BbirjiHjtejiH
rjiHAH
BbirjiHjlH
BbirjiHAeJi
BbirjiHAeJia
o6HAeJi{cH) BHCeJI
BJie3
BbiJies
o6HAeJia(cb) BHcejia
BJie3Jia
BbiJiesjia
o6HAeJiH(cb) BHCeJIH
BJie3JiH
BbIJie3JIH
06HAb(CH) BHCH
Bjie3b
BbIJie3H
Hec
BblHeC rpeMeji
Reji
Hecjia BbiHecjia
HeCJlH BblHeCJIH
HeCH
BblHeCH
rpeMejia
flejia
rpeMejiH
jiejiH
saBHceJi
saMep
KpHXTeJI
Tepnej]
saBHcejia 3aMepjia
3aBHcejiH
KpHXiejia Tepncjia
Tepjia(cb) Bbirepjia
saMepJiH KpHXXeJIH
xepnejiHxepjiH(cb) BblXepJIH pacxepJiH cxepjiH BOCKJIHKHyJIH ;iBHHyjiH(cb) 3h6jih
BbllJIHHyJlH
rpeMH ACHb SaBHCb 3aMpH
KpHXXH xepnH
XpH{Cb) BblXpH
Tep{CH) BbiTep
pacrep cxep BOCKJlHKHyJI

;iBHHyji(c5i)
35i6,
pacTepjia
CTepjia
BOCKJIHKHyjia
flBHHyjia(cb)
39.6 Jia
pa30xpH COXpH BOCKJIHKHH ABHHb(CH)
3H6HyJl
3h6hh
BbirJIHHH
BbirjiHHyji
BbirjiHHyjia
BTHHyJI
rHyji(cH)
jyyji
BTHHyjia
rHyjia(cb) AyJia BHjia xoxejia xpycxejia
BXHHyJlH
rHyjiH(cb)
flyjiH
BXHHH
rHH(Cb)
Ayfi
BHJI
BHJIH
xoxeji
xpycxeji
xoxejiH xpycxejiH KHUieJIH
xpycTH
Bbi3;topoBeji
BblSAOpOBCJia
BbI3;iOpOBeJIH
BfaI3;iOpOBb
BblJieTCJl
BbiJiexejia
BbiJiexejiH
BblJieXH
Bb'lHXH
Bbmeji yqeji
Bbiqjia
BblMJlH
yqjia
yqjiH
yqxH
592
Present tense imperfective aspect and future t 2nse perfective aspect
^ ^
140
141
Infinitive
1st
n g
LI
lar
2nd peison
Plural
3d person
person
peBCTb
pCBy
peBeiub
peByx
onepexbCH 142 oxnepeTb

143 HanpflMb 144 menh 145 o6>Keqb 146 KaHTbCH 147 ToponHTb 148 6eCHTb(CH) 149 6p6CHTb 150 Bbl6pOCHTb
o6onpycb OTonpy Hanpnry

}Kry
o6onpeiubCH oTonpeuib
HanpH>Kemb
JKHteUIb o6o>K}KeiiJb
o6onpyTCH OTonpyr HanpHryT

>KryT
o6o>Kry KaKDCb
ToponjiK)
6eiiiy(cb)
o6o}KryT
KaeuibCH
ToponHiiib
6ecHiiib(cH) 6p6cHiiib Bbl6pOCHIlIb
KaWTCH ToponHT
6eCHT(CH) 6p6C5IT Bbl6pOCHT
6p6iuy
SecnoKOHTb 152 6pOAHTb 153 BOSpOAHTb

151
Bbi6pomy eecnoKOHD 6po>Ky BospoMcy

Bbiropo>Ky
rjia>Ky
BaJiK)
SecnoKOHUib
6p6;iHiiib
SecnoKOHT
6p6;iHT B03po;tHT
Bosipomuih
BbiropOAHlllb
154 155 156 157 158
Bbiropo/iHTb rjia^HTb BaJIHTb UeJlHTb(CH)
BbiropoAHT
rjia^HT BaJIHT UeJIHT(CH)
rji^muih
BaJlHIUb UeJIHLUb(CH)
uejiK)(cb)
159 160 Apa3HHTb 161 B03BpaTHTb 162 BnycTHTb 163 Bb'inycTHTb 164 B0306H0BHTb 165 BbinpHMHTb 166 BOCCTaHOBHTb
167 168 169 170 ]71
Bb'inpaBHTb
yKOpeHHTb(CH) BblHCHHTb
yKopeHK)(cb)
BblHCHK)
iipasHib
yKopeHIimb(CH) BblHCHHIUb
yKopehht(ch) BblHCHHT
BosBpamy
;ipa3HHmb B03BpaTHIUb
BnycTHiiib BbinycTHiiib
Bnymy
Bbinymy
B0306hOBJIK) BbinpHMJIK) BOCCXaHOBJIK)
BbinpaBJIK) BCTaB.aK) KynjiK) BbiKynJiK)
Apa3HHT B03BpaTHT BnyCTHT

BbinycTHT
B0306H0BHmb bo3o6hobht BbinpHMHIUb BbinpHMHT

BOCCTaHOBHIIIb
BOCCiaHOBHT
BbinpaBHT BCTaBHT
BCiaBHTb
BbinpaBHUJb BCTaBHUIb
KynHTb
BbiKynHTb Boopy>KHTb(C5l)
KynHiUb
BblKynHLUb Boopy>KHIlIb(CH) BblKJItOMHIUb
KynHT
BbiKynHT Boopy>KaT(CH)
BblKJIlOMaT
Boopy>Ky(cb)
*
172 Bb'lKJIIOMHTb
BbiKjiioqy
593
Continued
Past tense
Imperative
Sing
Masculine
Plural
Feminine
^1 n nrrii o g u
1
ar a r
peeeji
peBCJia
pesejiH
peBH
onepcH oxnep Hanpnr

>Ker
onepjiacb oxnepjia HanpHFjia

>Krjia
onepjiHCb OTnepjiH HanpnrjiH

JKFJIH
o6onpHCb OTOnpH HanpHTH

JKPH
o6>Ker KaHJICH ToponHJi 6ecHJi(cH) 6p6cHJi Bbl6pOCHJI 6ecnoK6HJi

6po;iHJi
o6o>Krjia
o6o>KrjiH
o6o>KrH
KaflCH
KaHjiacb ToponHJia
6ecHJia(cb)
KaHJIHCb TOpOnHJIH
6ecHJiH(cb) 6p6CHJIH Bbl6pOCHJlH
TOponH
6ecH(cb)
6p6cHJia Bbi6pocHjia
6pocb
Bbl6pOCb
eecnoKOHJia 6poAHJia
BOSpOflHJia BbiropoAHJia
rjia;iHjia
BoapoAH^
Bbiropo;tHJi
rjia^HJi
eecnoKOHjiH 6pOAHJIH B03pOAHJlH

Bbiropo;iHJiH
rJiajlHJiH
eecnoKOH
6po;iH B03po;iH
BbiropoAH
rjiaAb BajiH
uejib(c5i)
BajiHJi
BajiHJia
uejiHJia(cb)
BaJIHJIH
UejIHJl(CH)
UeJIHJlH(Cb)
yKOpeHHJl(CH)
BblHCHHJl
yKopeHHJia(Cb) BblHCHHJia ;tpa3HHjia
yKopeHHJIH(Cb)
BblHCHHJlH
BblHCHH
ApaSHHJI B03BpaTHJl enycTHJi

BbinycTHJi
B03BpaTHJia BnycTHJia
BbinycTHJia
Apa3HHJIH B03BpaTHJlH BnycTHJiH

BbinycTHJiH
jxpasm BoaepaTH BnycTH

BbinycTH
bo3o6hobhji BbinpHMHJI BOCCiaHOBHJl

BbinpaBHJi BCTaBHJI
B0306H0BHJia DbinpHMHJia BOCCTaHOBHjia
bo3o6hobhjih BbinpHMHJIH BOCCiaHOBHJIH
B0306hOBH BbinpHMH BOCCraHOBH

BbinpaBb BCXaBb
BbinpaBHJia BCiaBHjia
BbinpaBHJiH BCXaBHJIH
KynHJi
BbiKynHJi
KynHJia
BbiKynHJia
KynHJiH
Bb'iKynHJiH
KynH
BbiKynH B00py}KH(Cb)
BblKJIIOqH
Boopy>khji(ch)
BblKJlKDHHJI
B00py>KHJia(cb)
B00py>KHJlH(Cb)
BblKJllOMHJia
BblKJIFOqHJIH
594
"

;
^ ^
173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
181
Infinitive
Sing
1st person
Plural
3d person
2nd person
yqHTb rpaHHHHTb
;;ojio>KHTb
yqy rpaHHqy
jXOJioiKy
yqHUib
rpannqHiiib
A0Jl6>KHIIIb
yqax
rpanriqax
AOJiojKax
BCKHnHTHTb
BCXpeXHTb
;te>KypHTb
BCKHnnqy
BCTpeqy
AejKypio
BCKHnHTHUIb
BCTpeXHIlIb
BCKHHHXHX
BCXpeXHX
iie>KypHX
Ae>KypHiub
nOMHHTb
BHTb c6HTb pasSHTb
06jlHTb
nOMHK)
BbKD
nOMHHLUb
Bbeuib
nOMHHX
BblOX C06bK)X pa3o6bK)x
o6o;ibKDT
182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190

191
C06hK) pa3o6bK)
060JlbK)
co6bemb
pa3o6beiiib o6ojiheuih OTo6beiiib o6o6beiiib
Bbi6beiiib
0T6HTb 06HTb
Bbl6HTb
0T06bK) o6o6bK)
Bbi6b:o
0X06bK)X o6o6bibx
Bbl6bK)X
rOCTHTb
BbipaSHTb rpesHTb
roiny BbipajKy rpe>Ky
rOCTHIUb
Bbipa3Hmb
rpesHiub
rocxHx BbipaSHX rpe3Hx
192 193 193a BbiqHCTHTb 194 >KHTb 195 6pHTb 196 THHTb 197 nOHTb 198 SaTBHTb 199 orjiacHTb
yB03HTb rp03HTb KaXHTb HHCTHTb
yBOHiy rpoJKy
yB63Hmb
rposHiiib kaTHiiib qHCTHIlIb BbiqHCTHllIb
Kaqy
qrimy BbiHHmy
JKHBy
6peK) rHHK) noK) 3aTaK)
orjiaiiiy
yBOSHX rp03HX KaXHX qHCXHX

BbiqHCXHX JKHByX
6peiox rHHK)X
}KHBemb
6peeiiJb
THHeUlb
noHuib
3aTaHmb
orJiacHiiib
noHT 3axaHT
orjiacflx
200
201
CTpHqb
yiIJH6HTb MOJlOTb
crpHry
yiiiH6y
MejiK)
cxpHHceiub
cxpHryx
yiiiH6yx
Mejiiox
ymndemb
Mejieiiib
202 203 6op6TbCH 204 TOJioqb 205 ÂOCTHMb 206 3aHTH 207 HATH
6opK)Cb
TOJlKy
66pembCH
xojiqemb
66pKDXCH xoJiKyx
AOCTHrny saHAy HAV
AocTHrHemb 3aHAemb
HAeiiib
AocxHrnyx saHAyx HAyT
595
Continued
Past tense
Imperative
Sing
Masculine
\
Plural
Feminine
Singular
yMH
JIOJIOTKU
yqHJi
rpaHHHHJi
JX0J\07KUJl
yqHJia rpaHHMHJia
AOJIOJKHJia
yqHJiH rpaHHHHJIH
H0JI0>KHJ1H
BCKHDHTHJl
BCTpeiHJl Ae>KypHJi
BCKHRHTHJia
BCTpeTHJia
;ie>KypHJia
BCKHnHTHJIH
BCTpeTHJIH Ae>KypHJiH
BCKHnHTH
BCTpeTb AeHcypb
nOMHHJI
BHJ]
noMHHJia
BHJia
nOMHHJIH
BHJIH c6hjih
nOMHH
Be ft
c6hji
pa36HJi
66J1HJ1
c6Hjia pa36HJia
o6jiH.na
pa36HJIH
66JIHJIH
c6eH pa36eH
o6jieH
ot6hji o6hji
Bbl6HJI
0T6HJia o6HJia
BbiSHJia
0T6rjiH o6hjih
Bbl6HJIH
0T6eH o6eH
Bbi6eH
rOCTHJl Bbipa3HJl rpesH.i
yB03HJI rp03HJI
KaTHJI qncTHJi BblHHCTHJl
)KHJI
rocTHJia BbipasHjia rpe3Hjia yB03Hjia rpo3HJia KaTHJia qHCTHjia BblMHCTHJia

)KHjia
rOCTHJIH Bbipa3HJIH rpe3HJiH yB03HJIH rp03HJIH KaTHJIH MHCTHJIH
rOCTH Bbipa3H
BbmnCTHJIH
JKHJIH
yB03H rpo3H KaTH MHCTH BbmHCTH

>KHBH
6pHJI
rHHJi
6pHJia
FHHJia
noHJi saxaHJi
orjiacHJi
noHJia saTaHJia
orjiacHJia
6pHJIH rHHJIH nOHJIH 3aTaHJiH

orjiacHJiH
6peH
noH 3aTaH
orjiacH
cipHr yuiHS
MOJIOJI
CTpHFJia
yiijH6jia
CTpHTJIH ymiiSjiH
MOJIOJIH
CTpHFH
yiiiHdH
MOJiojia
MejiH
6op6jiCH
TOJIOK flOCTHr
6op6jiacb
TOJIKJia
6op6jiHCb
TOJIKJIH
6opHCb
TOJIKH
sameji
meji
AOCTHPJia samjia
uiJia
AOCTHTJIH
saiujiH
lUJIH
AOCTHrHH
3aHflH
HAH
596
Present tense imperfectlve aspect and future t ense perfectly* as|)ect
^
208 209 210
211
Infinitive
1st
Singular
person
|
Plural
3d person
2nd person
Db'lHTH
DCKpblTb
6bITb Bbl6bITb
BbiHAy BCKpOlO
6yjiy
Bb'i6y;iy
BblHAeuib BCKpoeiiib
BblHAyx BCKpOlOX
6yAeiub
Bbi6y;ieiui.
6yAyx
Bbi6yAyx CAHX
rpbi3yx
212 213 214 215 216 216a 217 218 219 220
221
eCTb
rpbI3Tb
eM
rpbiay
euib rpbiaeiub
Aaiiib
AaTb
Bbi;taTb
AaM
Bb'iAaM
Aa^yx
BbiAaAyx
KpaAy-r
Bblâillb
KpaCTb
BLIKpaCTb
n;ibirb
KpaAy
BbiKpa^y n^biBy rpe6y
Bejxy
Kpa^t^LUb
rpecTH
necTH BblBeCTH
BbiKpaAeuib nJibiHemb rpe6euib

BCAeiiib
Bb'iBeAeujb
BbiKpaAyT
iiJibiByx
rpe6yx BeAyT
HblBCAy
222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230

231
aanacTH 60HTbCH
BaJlHTb(CH)
aanacy
6oibcb
BaJlHK)(Cb)
aanacemb
60HlUbCH
BaJlHeLUb(CH)
ceeiiib
BUBCAyX 3anacyx 60HXCH

BaJlHK)x(CH) CeKDX
BfaicMeiox KaiUJlHlOX
CeHTb BbicMeaTb
Kaiii./inTb
ceio
BblCMCK)
KaiiiJiHio
BbiCMeeiiib
KamjiHeiiib
CMGHTbCJI
aacTpnib
K;iHCTb(CJl)
H3-bHTb
CMClbCb sacrpHiiy KJlHHy(Cb) n3biMy

Miiy
CMeeujbCH sacxpHHeuib
KJlHlieiUb(CH)
CMeibxcH
3acxpaHyx
KJiHHyx(afl)
HbblMeUJb
H3bIMyX
MHTb
IIOAHHTb
232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240

241
noAiiHMy
naflMy CTtJuy
BtJMOK)
HaHHTb
CThlTb BblMblTb B3JITb
Mneiub noAHHMeiub HaftMomb

CXblHCIllb
MHyx noAHHMyx
HaflMyx cxbinyx BblMOlOT
BblMOeiUb
BOSbMy
Besy
BbiBcay
BOSbMCUIb
Beseiiib
B03bMyX
Beayx
BbiBejyx
BCaXH
BblBeSTH CeCTb
BbiBeaeiub
pacTH
Bb'ipaCTH
242
UBCCTH
cH^y pacxy Bupacxy UBCxy
cHAeuib pacxeuib BbipacxeuJb

UBexeiiib
CHAyi pacxyx Bupacxyx ueexyx
597
Continued
Past tense
Imperative
Sing
Masculine
Plural
Feminine
n g
Li
Bbime/i
BCKpblJl
6biJl
BbiuiJia
BblUIJlll
BbiH;;H
BCKpb'lJia
6biJia
BCKpblJlH
6bIJlH
Bbl6bIJIH
ejiH
BCKpOH 6yAb
Bbi6yAb
eiiib
Bbl6bIJI
eji
Bbi6biyia
ejia
rpbi3
<aaji
rpbisjia
rpbiBJiH
flaJiH
rpbi3H
JkaPi
Aajia
BbiAaji
Kpaji BbiKpaji
njiuji
BbwaJia KpaJia
BbiKpa.ia
njibiJia
BbiAajiH
Bb'ijiaH
KpajiH BblKpaJIH
njibiJiH
KpaiiH
BblKpaAH
njibiBH
rpe6
Beji
rpe6jia
BCJia
rpefijiH
BejiH
Bb'lBCJlH
rpe6H Bern
BblBCAH
Bbmeji
BblBCJia
aanac
60flJlCH
BaJlHJl(cH)
sanacjia 6oH;iacb
Baji^Jia(cb)
sanacJiH 60HJIHCb
BaJIH;iH(Cb)
sanacH
66ftcH
BaJlflfl(CH)
cefl
ceHJi
BblCMeHJl
KaiilJlH,/!
ceHJia BblCMEHJia
KaujJiHJia
CeHJIH BblCMCHJIH
BblCMCH
KamjiHJiH
CMeJlJlHCb
CMCJiyiCR
CMejijiacb
aacipHji
KJlHJl(CH)
H3TjHJ1
aacTpHJia
KJIHJia(Cb)
HS'bHjia
sacxpHjiH
K;ifl^H(Cb)
HS-bHJlH
KamJiHH CMCHCH 3aCTpHHb

K.lHHH(Cb) H3bIMH
MHJl
MHjia
Mfim\
nOAHHJ] HaHHJI
CTblJl
nomnm
HaHHJia
CTbijia
Bb'iMbiJia
nOAHHJiH HaHHJlH
CTb'lJIH
MHH nOAHHMH hbAmh

CTblHb
BblMOft
BblMblJl
Bb'lMblJIH
B3HJI
BBHJia
sesjia
Bes
BblBOS
ceji
B3HJ1H BeSJlH
Bb'lBe3JlH
B03bMH
Be3H BblBCBH
BbiBesjia
cejia
cejiH
poc
BblpOC
UBCJI
pocjia
Bbipocjia
UBCjia
POCJIH BbipOCJlH UBe/lH
CHAb pacTH
BbipaCTH
urêTH
598
^ ^
Infinitive
1st
Singular
person
Plural
3d person
2nd parson
243 rojiocoBaxb 244 TpeSoBaxb 24b perHcxpHpocaTb 24b HOMCBaXb 247 Boesaxb 248 MOMb 249 jieqb 250 nexb
rojiocyK)
rojiocyeiiib
rojiocyicx
xpe6yK) perHCxpHpyK)
xpeSyeiub perHcxpHpyeiiib
xpeoyrox
perHCxpHpyK)X
HoqyKD
BOICK)
HOMyeiub
Boioeiub MO>KeLUb
jia>KeiiJb
Hoqyiox
BOK)K)X
Mory
jiHry
Moryx
Jiaryx noK)x
noK)
noemb
599
Continued.
Past tense
Imperative
Singular
Masculine
Plural
Singular
Feminine
roJiocoBaji
rojiocoBajia
roJiocoBajiH
rojiocyfi
xpeSoBaji perHCTpripoBaji
Tpe6oBaJia
Tpe6oBajiH
perHCrpHpoBaJia
perHCxpHpoBaJiH
xpe6yH perHcxpHpyH
Hoqyfl BOIOH
JIHF
HOMeaaJi Boesaji
HoqeBajia BoeBajia
MorJia
jierjia
Mor
jier
HoqesajiH BoeBajiH MOrJIH

jierjiH
neji
nejia
nejiH
noH
LISTS OF SUFFIXES
A. Inflectional Endings
I.
The Noun
Singular
1.
Masculine and Neuter
Case
Indication
Examples
Nom
Gen
see Dictionary
see Dictionary
Dat
-y,
-K)
Aaii 3Ty KHHpy Majib^HKy. Give this book to the boy. Oh ryjiHei no nojiK). He is wallting in the field.
same
Ace
for
as
Nom
inanimate nouns and as Gen for animate
3a saBOAOM
est
Instr
-OM, -CM
jiec. There's a forbehind the works. Onti ;;oBOJibHbi 9THM caHaxopHCM. They are pleased with this sanatorium. Ona npHeêT ahcm n63>Ke.
She'll
come
in
a day.
Tboh omkh
Pr
-e,
qeMOAane.
Your
-H
spectacles are in the suit-case. Oh ceHMac Ha co5paHHH. He is at meeting now. Mbi foboa pHJiH ero Spare. We spoke about his brother.
602
Plural
Case
Indication
Examples
3th
-bi,
CTOJibi
HeAoporne.
not
These
-H {m)
Nom
-a,
-SI
(/!*)
expensive. Fê ero yqeHHKH? Where are his pupils? KaK AeJia? How are things? noKpbiTbi riojifl CHeroM. The are covered with snow. fields
tables
are
Gen
see Dictionary
3rHM saBOAaM
Dat
-aM, -HM
HyjKHbi pa66qHe. plants workers. These need H o6emaji fleTJiM noA^pKH. I promised presents to the children.
Ace
same
or
as
Nom
Gen
Oh
Instr
-MH
nHporaMH. He with pies. Ona saHHMaexcH uejibiMH ahhmh. She studies all days long.
Jiib6HT qafl c
likes tea
Pr
-X
ero AeJiax. We roBOpHJiH discussed his affairs. HoA-bexajio HecKOJibKo HeJioBCK Ha jiomaAHX. Several people on horseback rode up.
Mu
* The few cases of masculine indicated in the Dictionary.
nouns
having
this
ending
are
603
-a,
2.
Masculine Ending
in
-a and
Feminine
Singular
Case
Indication
Examples
Nom
Gen
see Dictionary
see Dictionary
Cxpane
HyncHbi
KBaJiH(|)HUHpo-
Dat
-e,
-H
BaHHbie pa66m\e. The country needs skilled workers. K njioma^H npHJieraei napK. A park adjoins the square. H AaJi H^ypHaji STOMy KDHoiue. I gave the magazine to this youngster. Oh noexaji k ahac. He went to his
uncle's.
Mbi yBHêjiH npHMyio Aopory.
We
my
saw
-y,
-K)
a straight road. H Jiio6jiib hx ccMbK). I like their family. H .^lo-
Ace
or
same
as
6jik)
Nom
CBoero fle^yiiiKy. grandfather. KouiKa
love
Mbiuib.
The
noiiMajia cat caught a mouse.
Ona
pyKOH
Instr
-H,
-K)
B35iJia
KapaHAam
She
npaBOH
took the pencil with her right hand. Oh yexaJi c ceMbefi. He went with his family. HoJie sacenno pojKbio.
(pyKOK)).
The
field
is
sown with
rye.
OhH
Hc.
Pr
-e,
-H
rOBOpHJIH 06 3T0H êHmHwere talking about that woman. CnojibKo ;ôm6b na How many houses njioma^H? are there on the square? Mm sajiBHjiH 06 3T0M npH cy^te. We said it in the judge's presence.
They
604
Plural
Case
Indication
Examples
9th
cxpaHbi
pacnoji6>KeHbi
A(|)pHKe.
Nom
-bl,
-H
countries are situated in Africa. 3th k)hoiiiH youngTiiese CTYAeHTbi.
These
sters are students.
Gen
see Dictionary
Oh
Dat
BcerAa
for
ycTynaeT
Aopory
jKenmHHaM.
way
-aiM,
-M
TpyAHO was difficult
makes women. CyAbJiM 6biJio npHHHTb peiueHHe. It

for
He always
the judges to
come
same
for
to a decision.
as
Nom
ani-
Ace
inanimate nouns and as
Gen
for
mate
MnorHe UTHUbi
JieTaiox
in
CTaHMH.
Many
Instr
birds
fly
flocks.
Oh
-MH
CAeJiaji
made
3T0 CBOHMH pyKaiwH. He it with his own hands.
Pr
-X
B 3THX HHKOB.
AepeBHHX MHOrO
There are
OXOT-
many hunt-
ers in these villages. 3t2l o6h3aHH0CTb jie;HT na CTapocTax,

It is
the duty of the monitors.

II
605
The Adjective
3.
Feminine, Neuter, and Plural Endings in Relation to the Masculine Form
Masculine
Feminine
Neater
Plural
(m,
/,
n)
-biii
-aa
-06
-bie
KpaCHBblH
jiec
KpacKBan KapTHHa
a beautiful a
KpacHBoe 3AaHHe
beautiful
KpacHBbie
3AaHH5I beautiful buildings
beautiful
forest
picture
building
-HH*
-5151
-ee
-He
BeCeHHHM AeHb
a
BeCeHH5151
noroAa
spring weather
BeceHHee yTpo
a spring
spring
BeceHHHe AHH spring days
day
morning
-OH
-an
6ojibHa5i
-oe
-bie
CoJIbHOH MajibqHK
a sick
6oJibH6e
6oJibHbie
ACBO^Ka
a sick girl
AHTH
a sick
AeTH
sick children
boy
baby
For
tives
ending
feminine, neuter, and nominative plural in -hh preceded by r, k, x, k, ui, h,
forms of adjecsee Dictionary.
606
-~
4.
Declension
a.
Masculine and Neuter
Case
Indication
Examples
Nom
see Dictionary
Gen
-ro
KpacHoro KapaHno red pencil. r;ê npoTOKOJi nocJiejiHero co6paHHH? Where are the minutes of the last meeting?
HCT
iiave
y MeHH Aama. I
Mbi noAomjiH k 6ojibiu6My ôMy.
We
Dat
-My
approached
were
big
house,
no cHHeMy He6y
Clouds
blue sky.
o6jiaKa. floating along the

nJibiJiH
same
for
as
Nom;
adjectives
Ace
modifying animate nouns
same
as
Gen
MaJibMHK
(|)jia>KK6M.
pasMaxHBaJi
KpacHbiM
Inst
-bIM,
-HA
The boy was swinging a little red flag. Ona Bcerjia hhmex CHHHM KapaHAamoM. She alith a blue pencil. ways writes
Pr
-OM, -CM
H MHoro cjibimaji 06 stom hhtcpecHO cneKxaKJie. I have heard interesting much about this
1
play. Tbi
6biJi
6paHHH?
Were you
Ha nocjieziHCM copresent at
the last meeting?

b.
607
Feminine
Case
Indication
Examples
Gen
Dat
Pr
-OH,
-efl
y Hee HCT KpaCHOH KOCblHKH. She has no red kerchief. Zlan MHe HeMHoro xopomefi 6yMarH. some good paper. Give me
CKOJlbKO
Jiex
3T0H
old
is
MaJieHbKOH
this little
ACBoqKe?
girl?
How
Ohh
CH/êjiH
Ha KpacHBofi
sitting on
jiyjKaflKe.
They were
a beautiful lawn.
Oh
comeji na
nocjieAHCH
ocxaHOBKe.
He
got
off at the last stop.
Ace
Oh qHTaeT pyccKyio KHHry. He is reading a Russian book. Ona

-yiO.
-K)K)
CAeJiajia
ce6e
shmhiok)
a
iiianKy.
She made herself
winter
cap.
Instr
-OH
-efi
(-OK))
(-eio)
CKaMeHKe CH;iejia AeeoMKa KpacHOH cyMo^KOH. A jîrl with a red handbag was sitting
c
Ha
on
the
bench.
Mh
nacjiajKAa-
jiHCb
xopomefi
noroAOH.
We
were enjoying
fine weather.

c.
608
Plural
Case
Indication
Examples
B 3T0H KHHre MHoro

Gen
-X
CMeUlHblX
Pr
paccKaaoB. This book has many funny stories. B stom ropoê Majio 6ojibmHx ;]om6b. There are few big houses in this town. Mbi roBopHjiH HOBbix KapxHHax. We spoke about new pictures. Oh HHKorâ ne roBopHX o qy>KHx AeJiax. He never talks about
other people's affairs.
3x0
Ko
Dat
-bIM,
-HM
m6:ho AOsepHXb xojibcepbesHbiM Only jiioAHM. serious people can be trusted with this matter. XopoiuHM yqeHHKaM npenoAHecjiH KHHfH. Good pupils were presented with
AGJio
books.
same
for
as
Nom;
adjectives
Ace
modifying animate nouns
same
as
Gen
Oh
Instr
MH saAaâMH. He
-MH
interest in
yBJienaexcH apH(})MexHqecKHtakes a great
sum.s. Cxojibi 6bi;iH 6ejibiMH JiHCxaMH 6yMarH. The tables were covered with white sheets of paper.
noKpbixbi
609
5.
Deg rês
of
Comparison
Superlative
Comparative
-ee
CTapbiH old -^ cxapee older
-aHUi, -eflui -|- adjective ending: BejiHKHH great -^ BejiMqafiiuHH the greatest
a.
Ba^HbiH
important -^ BaHCHewiuHH
the most important h. with the help of "caMbiH": KpacHBbiH beautiful -^ caMbiH cHBbiH the most beautiful
Kpa-
III
The Verb
A.
6.
Present Tense (imperfective aspect), Future Tense (perfective aspect)

Indication
Person and
Number
ist
Examples
person
sing
see
Dictionary
see
2nd person
s-ing
Dictionary
3rd
person
sing
-ex,
-HT
Mtc oh jiejiaer? What is he doing? Oh jik)6ht KaxaxbCH Ha jibi>Kax. He likes to ski. Oh c;ieJiaeT 3to saBxpa. He'll do it tomorrow. Oh pasSyAHx tcSh b ceMb. He'll wake you at seven. Oh hohact lyâ co mhoh- He'll go there with me.
610
Person and
Number
Indication
Examples
Mbi ymiM pyccKHH 5i3biK. We study Russian. Mbi qacio ynpajKnenHH. iê.iaeiM xaKne We often do such exercises. Mbi noroBopHM sasipa. We'll speak tomorrow. Mbi Hsy^HM 3Ty npo6jieMy. We'll study this problem.
1st
person
pl
-M
^T0
see?
for?
Bbi
BHAHTe? What do you 3aqeM Bbi Hêxe xyâ?

are
will
What
2nd person
pl
you
going
go
there
KoFAa
sbi nofliiexe
xyâ?
there?
-xe
When
Bbi
you
aasxpa. tomorrow. You'll see him Bbi noeAexe aBx66ycoM? Will you take a bus?
ero
yBHAHxe
Oh qacTO 6epyx
najibi.
sxh
JKyp-
They often take these
magazines.
cjie
Ohh
ryjiaiox
noa
y>KHHa. They walk after supper.
go
for
Ohh qacxo
4)HJibMbi.
cMoipnx
pyccKHe
They
3rd person
pl
often see Russian films.
-yx, -K)x, -ax, -flx
rioqeMy ohh Kpnqax? Why are they shouting? Korâ ohh
B03bMyx 3XH raaexbi? When

they take these newspapers? Ohh He onosAaiox. They won't be late. Ohh npoCMoxpflx cxaibH B cy666xy. They'll look through the articles on Saturday.OHH nojiyqax xejierpaMMy cero^HH. They'll get the telegram today.
will
611
Note: The future imperfective is formed with the help of the verb "Cbrrb" in the future tense plus the infinitive of the finite verb:
Oh 6yAeT
qHTaxb.
He
will be reading.
7.
Past Tense
Examples
Suffix
Ending
m
f
n.
-a
Oh 6biJi TaM. He was there. Oh a 6biJia TaM. She was

there.
-0 -H
Pl
'
OHCbMo 6bijio TaM. Tl.e letwas there. Ohh 6biJiH TaM. They were
ter
there.
8.
Conditional-Subjunctive Mood
-|-
Past tense forms

51
particle "6bi"
I
or conjunction "qT66bi":
6bi nouie.i Tyâ.

I
nouiJiH TyAa.
would go there. H xony, want them to go there.
moû ohh
9.
Imperative Mood
Singular: -h, -h, -b Plural: -xe roBopH(Te) no-pyccKH. Speak Russian. OTAbixafllxe) peryjiflpHO. Rest regularly. BcTaHb(Te)! Stand upl
10.
The Participle
Active Voice
Present Tense
m -\- adjective
m + adiective ^
'
ending ending ^
qHTaioiuHH cjiyuiaiomaH
Past Tense
BÂeBiuHH HeClUHH
612
qHTaeMbiH
i;^^^;;;^'
Passive Voice
Present
Tense
M-f
hh
T
-{-
adjective
ending
Tenê ^
-j-
Note: Participle
adjective ending BH/icHiibiH bsAtue ending adjective declensions and degrees of comparison
as for corresponding adjectives.
It.
The Verbal Adverb

Perfective Aspect
-B
Imperfective Aspect
-a,
-a
CTyna
KOHMafl
npoMHiae
Note: Verbal adverbs derived from perfective verbs end ng in -en are formed with the help of -(bîiih: noSHaKOMHBUJHCb.
B. 12.
-Cfi
Verbs Ending
added
or
to the regular
if
in -cm in the
Infinitive
is
sonant, CTHCb.
-cb
ending if preceded by a conpreceded by a vowel: cnacaTbca, cna-
B. Word-forming Suffixes
In this List the suffixes are given in boldface type and the endings, if at all, in standard type. The italicized words immediately following the suffix (or the ending) denote the part of speech
formed with
its help, e. g.: -a-Tb, -H-Tb imperf verbs... [Read: -a-xb, -H-xb forming imperfective -aac m nouns...
verbs...]
[Read: -ajK forming masculine nouns...]

-a-Tb,
-fl-Tb
derived from prefixed verbs of the perfective aspect'. Jieaxb) sajiesaTb [zalî^zat^j saJiesJTb ( get {into), penetrate {into); BbicejiHTb [visî^lât^] ( -- BwceJilHTb -^ cejiHTb) evict {tenants).
imperf verbs,
-aw
nouns, denoting 1. an action-. TpenajK [trî^nash, -zh] ( TpeHlHpoBaTb)
training; 2. a quantity: KHJiOMexpaHC [kîlam^'i^trash, -zh] MeTp) distance in kilometres; the
<- khjio-
number
of
kilometres.
-anei;
see -eu see -hh.
I.
aHHH
-aHT,
-am,
-CHT
nouns, denoting a person who does the action expressed by the basal word or is in some relation to what is expressed by the basal word: KBapxHpaHT [kvartîrant, -dj ( -^ KBapTHp|oBaxb) lodger; oKKviiaHT [Akupant, -d] ( OKKynJHpOBaxb) invader, occupationist; anejiJiHHT [Ap^'i'^Pant, -dl ( aneji.TJHpoBaxb) applicant; onnoHCHT [ApAnênt, -d] ( ^- onnoH|HpoBaTb) opponent {in a debate, etc).
614
a augm with the meaning 'having in abundance, in excess' the quality expressed by the basal word: rjiasacTbiH [gUzastty] ( -- rJiaa) big-eyed;
goggle-eyed; sharp-sighted.
-ax-biH
a,
possessing or characterized by a certain qual-
ity:
6opoAaTbiH
ed; KJieTMaxbifl
[bsFAdatiy]
^ 6opoA|a)
beard-
[kPet^ch^'atiy]
{<- KJieTK[a)
checked.
-arop
-au,H-H
see -xop.
/
abstract nouns, denoting an action: KOJiJieKTHBHsauHH [kaPikt^'iv'îzatsiya] ( -^kojijieKTHBH3|HpoBaTb <- KOJiJieKTHb) collcct iviza-
tion.
-aM-HH
-ea-Tb
see -yn-uu.
imperf verbs, derived from prefixed verbs of the

perfective aspect:
ysnaeaTb
1)
[uznAvat^]
get
to
^ y3Ha|Tb ^ sHaxb)
2)
learn,
3)
address);
find out (smb's also inquire (about); imperf recognize [an old friend, etc).
know;
-CB-OH
-CB-blH
see -OB-blH.
see -OB-blH.
see -OBax-blH.
-eeax-biH
-eecK-HH
-CK
see -OBCK-HH.
see -OK.
-CMOCXb
-CHH-e
-CHK-a
-eHH-blH
see -MOCXb.
see -HH-e. see -OHK-a.
rel:
(--
HMymecxBCHHbiH [imush^:is^t^vînniy] HMymecxBlo) property (attr).
615
-CHCK-HH,
a,
meaning
'of
or
from
a place,
district, vil-f-
-MHJK-HH
lage, etc':
neHSCHCKHH Penza (attr);
[pên'^zînskîy]
IleHaja)
flepeBCHCKKH [dîrî'^vênskîy] rural; village {attr);
(-^nepeB|HH)
Yalta
HJiTHHCKHH
(attr).
[yaltînskîy]
(^^Jixja)
-CHT
-CHb-e
see -aHT.
see -HH-e.
-eHbK-a
-eHbK-Hfi
see -oHbK-a.
also expressing endearment: CJia6eHbKHH [slabîn'^k^'iy] ( -- cjia6|biH) rather weak; on the weak side; CHHeHbKHH [sîn^m^kîy] ( -- chhjhh) blue.
augm & dim,
-ecTB-o
see -ctb-o.
see -ocTb.
-ecTb
-eu,I, -aHei;,
-oeei;
nouns, denoting a person 1. coming from, or residing in, a country, city, place, etc. jieHHHrpaflcu, [Pin'îngradîts, -dz] ( -^ JleHHHinhabitant rpa;i) Leningradian, of Leningrad; nepyaweu [pîruanît^, -dz] ( -^ Flepy) Peruvian; 2. belonging to some organization, party, etc,
or
working at some department'. HcnojiKOMOseu [ispAlkomavîtj, -dz] ( -t- hcnojiKOM) worker of an executive committee;
pecny6jiHKaHei; [rîspubPikanîts, -dz] (-s-pecny6jiHK|a) republican.
-eu,
II
m nouns dim, expressing smallness in size, endearment, sympathy, or derision: xJieSei; [khPebîts, -dz] (-5- xjie6) small loaf
of bread;
6paTei;
2)
[bratîts,
old
man /chap
-dz] ( <- 6paT) 1) brother; {form of address).
-cMK-a -e4K-o
see -o^K-a.
n nouns dim: KOJiewKo [kApech^ka]
( --
KOJibjuo)
ringlet.
-H-e,
616
n nouns, denoting a
-b-e
state, condition, or quality expressed by the basal word: ocTpoyM|HbiH) ocTpoyMHe [AstrAum^'iya] ( wit; [nî^nas^f'ya] HeHacTbe HeHacTJHbifl) (
rainy
foul weather; 6eccHJiHe [bî^s^sîlîya]

/
<- SeccHJiblHbm)
impotence.
HBa-Tb, -WBE-Tb
imperf verbs, derived from

the perfective aspect: aaceHBaxb [zASêivat^]
prefixed
verbs
of
sace nib -^ ceHib) ( sow; noAnHCbiBaxb [pAtp^'istvat''] ( ^ noAnHCJaTb -f- HHcaxb) sign {a letter, etc).
M3M
abstract nouns, denoting a doctrine, system, or practice; an action, condition, or quality'
peajiHSM ism;
[r^'iAlîzm]
{<(
peajiJHCT)
-^
real-
onxHMHSM
timism;
[Apf'irxiîzm]
[tur^'izm]
onTHMJHCT)
op-
TypH3M
hiking.
(^Typjricx)
tourism;
-HK
nouns, denoting 1. a person who does the action or follows the occupation expressed by the basal word: XHMHK [khîm'îk, -g] (^xhmjhh) chemist;
pjiasHHK
oculist;
[glAz^nîk,
-g]
( --
rjiasHlofl)
2. a person characterized by the quality expressed by the basal word: 030pH|6H) misosopHMK [AZArn'îk, -g] ( chievous person, mischievous boy; OTJIHMHHK [Atl''ich*'n''ik, -gl ( OTJinqnlbiH) excellent pupil; excellent student; 3. things the characteristic feature of which is expressed by the basal word: TynHK blind [tup^'ik, ( -f- Tynjoft) -g]
alley;
rpyaoBMK
lorry;
[gruzAvîk,
truck.
-g]
(^rpysoeloH)
US
617
-HK II, -4HK
nouns dim: [domîk, -g] ( aom) small house; TBosAHK [gvoz^'dîk, -g] ( -e- reosAb) tack, small nail; 6JIHHHHK [blîn^chîk, -g] ( - 6jihh) small pancake; fritter; KOJiOKOjibHHK [kalAkorchîk, -g] ( -t- kojioKOJi) handbell, bell.
jioMUK
-HH,
-aHHH,
-flHHH,
jiflHHH,
nouns with the meaning 'of a certain nationality; residing in, or coming from, a certain country, city, place': ocexHH [Asî^f'in] ( <- OceTlHH) Osset;
ropo>KaHHH [garAzhanîn]
(--r6po;t)
( -t-
'HaHHH
towns-
man, city-dweller; erHHTHKHH [yig^'lptânîn]

Egyptian;
KHCBjiflKHH [k^'iyi^vPanîn] itant of Kiev;
( -t-
ErHnex)
Khcb) inhab(
xapbKOBHaHHH [khar^kAfchân^'in] kob) inhabitant of Kharkov.

HH-a
/
-^
Xapb-
nouns, denoting the result of an action: ( -^ uapanlaib) scratch, graze.
uapanHHa [tjArapîna]
-HHK-a
nouns dim, denoting individual objects: nbiJiHHKa [piPinka] ( -(- nujih) speck of dust; grit, necqHHKa [p^'i^shîinka] ( -f- necoK)
grain of sand.
-HHCK-HH
-HCT
see-encK-m.
nouns,
etc:
denoting
1.
a person connected with

occupation, profes-zd]
( -<-
or devoted to some specific

sion,
KapHKaiypHCT [karîkaturîst,
nopxpeTHCT [partrî^tîst,
portrait-painter;
2. an adherent or supporter custom, practice, etc:
KapH-
Kaxypja) caricaturist, cartoonist;

-zd]
( -f-
nopTpex)
of
some doctrine,
KOMMyHHCT [kamunîst, communist;

ryiviaHHCT
-zd]
-zd]
( --
K0MMyH|H3M)
ryMaHJHSM)
[gumAnîst,
( -t-
humanist.

-HCT-uu
618
characterized by the qualities a, having or expressed by the basal word: Teiib) xeHHCTbiH [tî^nîstty] ( shadowy; ropHCTbiH [gAFîstty] ( <- rop|a) mountainous,
hilly;
aaoTHCTbiH [Azotîstiy]
-HU-a
I
-^ asox) nitrous.
nouns 1. forming feminine from masculine nouns denoting a person's occupation: MacxepHua [mas^tî^rîtjaj ( -- Macxep) seamstress;
milliner; neBHU,a [pî^v^'itsa]
-e-
neB|eu) singer {a
wom-
an);
2.
denoting the female sex of animals: jibBHua [Pvîtja] ( -e- jieB) lioness.
-HU-a II
nouns dim: <KaujMua [kAshftj9] qacxHua [chî^s^tîtja]

(
Kaiii|a)
( --
thin gruel; qacxb) fraction,
particle.
-HU-e
see -u-e.
-HHecK-HH
a 1. having or characterized by the quality expressed by the basal word: MaxepHajiHcxHHecKHH [matîrîAPis^tîchîsk'îy] ( -- MaxepHajiHcx) materialist(ic); 2. pertaining to the science, art, etc, expressed by the basal word: reorpacjDHHecKHH [gîAgrAfîchîskîy] ( -^ reorpa4)|HJi) geographical.
HHK-a
nouns dim, also expressing endearment: cecxpHHKa [sî^strîch^k8] <-cecxp|a) sister; (my) dear sister.
/
(.
little
-HiuK-a
8c f nouns dim: MajibMHuiKa [mAPchîshka] ( -<- MajibqiHK) urchin, boy; cuHHiiiKa [sinîshks] ( -<- chh) sonny; acMjiHuiKa [zî^mrishka] ( -<- scmjiIh) a small plot of poor land.
-HDiK-o
m &
n nouns dim: ropoAHuiKO [garAdîshka] -forsaken) little town; HHCbMHiiiKo [p^'is^mîshka]

letter;
( -<-
ropoA)
(god-
( -<-
nHCbMJo) short
unimportant
letter.

Hm-a
/
619
nouns augm:
pyHHma [ruchîsh^:a] rpHSHma [grî^zîsh^:a]

rpH3Hii;a it's
pyKJa) huge hand; na yjiHue terribly muddy outside.

(
<- rpnsb):
-Hiu-e
m &
n nouns augm:
jXOMuuxe [dAmîsh^:9] ( <- j[ou) huge house; nHCbMHu;e [pîs^mîshîaj ( <- nHCbMJo) very
long letter.
-K-a
I
nouns I. forming feminine from masculine nouns denoting a person's occupation, a repre/
sentative of a nation, nationality, etc: HcnaHKa [ispanka] ( <- HcnaHJeu)
Spanish
woman;
apMHHKa [armânka]
(
<-
apMHH|HH) Armenian
(
woman;
linist
cKpHnaMKa [skrîpach^ka] (a woman); KOMCOMOJiKa [kamsAmolka]

of the
^
(
CKpHoaq) vioKOMcoMOJijeu)
member
2.
Komsomol
(a girl);
3.
denoting a process or action: BapKa [varka] ( <- Bap!HTb) cooking; denoting an instrument, tool, etc:
-repKa [tôrka]
(^Tepjexb)
grater;
4.
denoting the result of an action: Bbi^yMKa [vidumko] ( BbiAyMJaTb)
inven-
tion;
-K-a II
/
device.
nouns dim:
KuMHaxKa room;
flopojKKa
[komnatka]
[dAroshka]
( --
KOMHaTJa)
small
path,
(--Aop6r|a)
walk.
K-HH
having the sense of 'suitable for the 1. action' expressed by the basal word: KOBKHH [kofkîy] ( <- KOBJaxb) malleable, ductile; 2. having, possessing the natural qualities expressed by the basal word: SBOHKHH fzvonkîyj ( <- 3boh) ringing, clear
a
{voice,
etc).
620
-jiuB-UH
with the meaning 'having is expressed by the basal BopMJiHBbiH [vArch^Piviy] grumbling, peevish; sacyuiJiHBbiH [zAsushPivty] droughty, arid; 2. denoting the presence of a what is expressed by the basal
a
1.
tendency
(
to'
what
word:
"r-
BopqjaTb)
3acyx|a)
large degree of word: AOJKAJiHBbiH [dAzh^-.Piviy] ( <- AomAh) rainy; TajiaHTjiHBbiH [tAlan'^t^lîviy] ( -^ xaJiaHT) talented.
-jibH-UH
a,
denoting suitability for the purpose expressed by the meaning of the basal word: KonHpoBajibHbiH [kapîrAvaPniy] ( -- KonHpoBa|Tb) copying; cyiuHjibHbiH [sushtl^'niy] ( -^ cymH|Tb) drying.
jibiuHK
see see
-mHK.
-mHu-a.
-jibmHu-a
-JISIHHH
see -HH.
-MOCTb, -CMOCTb
pre/ abstract nouns, denoting possibility of, disposition to, or the degree of what is expressed by the basal word: [r9stvArîm9S^t^, pacTBopHMOCTb -z^d^] dissolubility; ( -- pacTB0pH|Tb) 3a6ojieBaeMocTb [zabalî^vayamss^t^, -z^d^] sick rate; ( -- 3a6ojieBa|Tb) [sapratîvlâyamas^t^, conpoTHBJiHeMocTb -z^'d^] ( fr- conpoTHBJiH|TbCH) resistablHty; electr
resistivity.
-H-HH
a,
denoting relation to time or place: BeqepHHH [vî^chêrnîy] ( <- Benep) evening
{paper, dress, etc);
BepxHHH [vêrkhnîy]
-H-biH
a,
<-
Bepx) upper.
having, possessing, or characterised by the quality expressed by the basal word: npHBbiHHbiH [prîvkh^niy] ( <- npHBbiM|Ka) habitual, usual; ceMeHHbiH [sî^mêynty] (-<- ceMbJH) domestic, family {attr).
HH-e,
-Hb-e, -CHH-e,
cess:
621
1.
n abstract nouns, denoting
an action or pro(
npenoâBaHHe [prîpsdAvanîya]
^âea'Tb) teaching;
npeno-
-CHb-e
o6MejieHHe [Abmî^l^'enîya] shallowing; KpHBJiHHbe [krîvl^'an^ya] ( wriggling; making faces;
^ o6Mejie|Tb)
^ KpHBJiH|TbCH)
(
npHoSpexeHHe
[pr^'iabrî^tênîya]
-5-
npH-
o6peTJatb) acquisition, acquiring; rJia;i,|HTb) ironing, rjia>KeHbe [glazhan^ya] (
pressing; 2. the result of an action:
npHKaaaHHe [prîkAzanîya]
order;
3.
<-
npHKaaalxb)
mechanisms, devices: saacHraHHe [zazhtganîya]
<- aajKHralxb)
igniter.
HHK
m nouns, denoting 1. a person following some occupation or possessing certain qualities: MHCHHK [mî^s^nîk, -g] ( <- mhc|o) butcher;
saBHCTHMK [zAvîs^n'îk, -g] (^saBHCTb) an envious person; 2. objects connected with the meaning expressed by the basal word (sometimes with the
prefixes na-, HaA-, noA-):
rpa^ycHMK [gradus^nîk, -g] thermometer; noflOKOHHHK [padAkon^nîk, -g]

window-sill;
3.
<- rpa^yc)
( -e-
okhjo)
vessels, containers:
MaHHHK [châyn^'ik,
tea-pot.
-g]
( -e-
qaft)
tea-kettle;
HHu-a
nouns, denoting a woman following some occupation: niicaTejibHHua [p'isatîpnîtja] ( <- nHcaxejib) lady writer, authoress; KOJixosHHua [kAlkhoz^nîtja] ( -e- kojixos) collective farmer (a
woman member
of;
a collective
farm).

-HOCTb
/
622
-Hy-Tb
abstract nouns, denoting a quality, state, or condition: paAHoaKTHBHOCTb [radîAAktîvnas^t^, -z^d^] radioact ivity; ( -(- paAHoaKTHB|HbiH) He6pe>KH0CTb [nî^brêzhnas^t^, -z^d^] ( -e- ne6pe}KlHbiH) carelessness. perf verbs, derived from imperfective verbs without prefixes and denoting a momentaneous action: seBHyxb [zî^vnut^] ( <- 3eB|aTb) yawn (in
sleepiness);
TpoHyib [tronut^]
the hand);
-e-
Tp6|raTb)
touch {with
KpHKHyTb [krîknut^]
Hb-e
-OB-Ofi
(-e-
KpHMJaxb) give a cry.
see -HH-e.
see -oB-biH.
a,
OB-blH, -OB-OH,
-CB-blH,
-^B-OH
having the quality characteristic of what is expressed by the basal word: ;^y66BbiH [duboviy] ( -f- fly6) oak; MexoBOH [mîkhAvoy] ( -- Mex) fur lattr); sapoAbimeBbiH [zArodishaviy] ( -- aapoAuui)
noJicBOH [p9lî^v6y]
( --
embryonic;
n6ji|e)
field (attr).
OBaX-blH, -CBaX-blH
a with
the meaning 1. 'possessing to some extent' the qualities expressed by the basal word: wporoBaxbiH [daragAvatiy] (-Âopor|6H) a little too expensive; CHHCBaxbiH [sînî^vatiy] ( -e- chhIhh) bluish; 2. 'having, in accordance with' the natural qualities expressed by the basal word: cyKOBaxbiH [sukAvatiy] ( <- cyK) branchy,
with
many
boughs;
( -e-
MOJio;;u,eBaxbiH [malattsi^vatty]
mojioacu)
dashing, sprightly.
-OBCU
-OBCK-HH, -CBCK-HH
see -eu.
a,
having, possessing, or characterized qualities typical of what is expressed

basal word:
by by
the the
cxapHKOBCKHH
senile;
[star^'lkofsk^'iy]
( -e-
cxapHK)
[karAl^cfskîy] KopoJicBCKHH royal, king's; queen's.
-^ Kopojib)
623
m
CK
nouns dim, also expressing endearment'. jiHCTOK [lîstok, -g] ( jihct) small leaf; neiyiiioK [pîtushok, -gj ( <- nexyx) cockerel;
-g]
pyneeK [ruchî^yok, brook, streamlet.

/
{<- pyqelfi)
tiny
-OHbK-a,
-eHbK-a
nouns dim, expressing 1. derision, contempt'. AyiuoHKa [dushonka] (-^-Aymia) (mean) soul; 2. endearment: cecTpcHKa [sî^strônka] (^cecrpja) little sister; (my) dear sister. f nouns dim, also expressing endearment: 6epe30HbKa [bî^rôzan^ka] {<- Cepeaja) little
beautiful birch;
AymeHbKa [dushan^ka]
-OCTb,
/
(--
Jiyuija)
my
dear.
-eCTb
abstract nouns, denoting quality, state, or condition: njiaHOBOcTb [planavas^t^, -z^d^] (-f- njianoBJbiH) planned character; development according to a plan; (-- apejilbifl) [zrêlas^t^, -z^d^] apejiocTb maturity, ripeness; CBe>KecTb [s^vêzhas^t^, -z^d^] (-e- cBejKlHH) freshness; coolness.
/ abstract nouns, denoting quality, state, or condition: KpacHora [krasnAta] (-t- KpacHlbifl) redness; necxpoxa [p^'istrAta] (-^ necxpjbiH) diversity of colours.
-OHK-a,
nouns dim:
-CHK-a
[Pentach^ka] {<- JieRxJa) narrow jieHxoHKa ribbon; short ribbon; KouieHKa [koshach^ka] (-e- K6m|Ka) pussy-cat.
a
-CK-Hfl,
-CK-OH
having, possessing, or characterized by the typical of what is expressed by the basal word: 6paxGKHH [bratskîy] (-- 6pax) fraternal; [garAtjkoy] ropoACKOH (^ ropoA) urban, town (attr), city (attr); municipal; 2. with the meaning 'of or from a place,
1.
qualities
district, village, etc':
capaxoBCKHH
ratov (attr).
[sAratafskîy] (-^ CapaxoB) Sa-
624
-CK-OH
-cTB-0,
see
-CK-HH.
-eciB-o
& collective nouns, denoting a quality, s/a/e, or occupation: aBTopcTBO [aftarstva] { <- aBTOp) authorship; yqeHHHecTBo [uch''i^n''ich''istv9] ( <- yîeHHK)
n abstract
pupilage; apprenticeship; CTyAeHqecTBo [studên^chîstv9] ( -- ciyAeHT) 1) the students; 2) student days; BopoBCTBo [varAfstvo] {<- BopoBlaxb) stealing, thieving; KOBapcTBo [kAvarstva] ( -- KOBap|HbiH) insidiousness, perfidity.
-Cfl
perf & imperf verbs 1. denoting an action directed at the subject: yMbiBaibCfl [umivattja] ( -e- yMbmaxb ceSa)
wash
2.
(oneself);
reciprocal action of two or more people or things: BCTpexHTbCfl [fstr^'etîttja] ( -^ BCXpeTHTb) meet {of people, lines, etc); 3. that are passive forms of transitive verbs: CTpoHTbCH [stroittja] ( -- cxpoHib) be built.
denoting a
-TCJib
nouns, denoting a person's occupation: BocnHxaxejib [vaspîtatîl''] ( -- BocnHxa|xb) educator; MeMxaxejib [mî^ch^tatîl^] ( -f- Menxalxb)
day-dreamer.
-TCJibH-HH
a,
denoting 1. the presence of the quality expressed by the basal word: OAo6pHTejibHbiH [AdAbrîf'iPnty] (<- oj;66pHJxb) approving; ynoxpe6HTejibHbiH [upatrî^bîtîl^nty] -- ynoxpe6Hlxb) widely used, in common use; ( 2. suitability for the purpose expressed by the meaning of the basal word: ocBexHxejibHbiH [As'^v'î^tîtîl^niy] {<- ocseTHJrb) illuminating.
-TOp,
m nouns,
tor,
-axop
denoting the agent or doer of an action: /iHpeKxop [d^'ir^'ektar] ( -<- AHpeKJUHH) direc-
manager; aPHxaxop [Agîtatar]
-*-
arHxjauHH)
propa-
gandist; canvasser.

^__
625
-yH
m nouns,
denoting the agent or doer of an action:

chat-
6ojiTyH [bAltun] ( -- SoJixjaTb) talker, terer; gessip, tattler.
-yn-bH
nouns, denoting the agent or doer of an action:
bler {a
BopMyHbH [vArchûn^ya] woman).
^ Bopq|aTb)
grum-
-yp-a
/ abstract & collective ncuns, denoting an occupation, science, art, or a group of persons fol-
lowing some profession:

a/^BOKaxypa [AdvakAtura]
(
aABOKaT)
1) le-
gal profession, the bar; 2) the lawyers, the bar; apXHTCKiypa [Arkhîtî^ktura] ( <- apxHieK-
T|op) architecture.
yM-HH,
-K)H-HH,
-an-HH,
-jiH-HH
a with the meaning 'having, possessing, or characterized by the quality expressed by the meaning of the basal word: naxywHH [pAkhuchîy] ( -e- nax|HyTb) smelly; ropioHHH [gArûchîy] {<- rop|eTb) combustible;
jieJKawHH [Pi^zhachîy]
{of position);
<-
Jie}K|aTb)
lying
BHCH4HH [vîsâchîyj
yiDK-a, -lOuiK-a
<- BHc|eTb) suspended.
m &
f nouns dim, also expressing endearment: ReAyuiKa [dêdushka] ( ^ aga) granddad;
TexymKa [tôtushka]
( --
tctIh) aunty;
AHAKJiiiKa fdâdûshka] uncle.
( -s-
ahaJh) (my dear)
ym-HH,
-lom-HH
a augm: SoJibiuymHH [bAl^shush'^:iy] ( -- SojibuijoH) huge, great big; 3JiibmHH [z^l*'ush^:iyj ( <- 3ji|oh) very angry.
n nouns dim:
3epKajibi;e [zêrkal^tja] looking-glass;
(
-f-
sepKajilo) small
AepeBuo
a
[dîrî^ftjo]
^
(
AepeB|o) small tree;

dress for
njiaxbHue [platîtja]
little girl.
<- njiarbje)
see -a-e.
see -HH.
626
-Har-biH
augm with
what
is
like'
the meaning 'made of, looking expressed by the basal word:
6peBeHHaTbiH [brî^vên''ch''8t*y] ( -- 6peBH|6) timbered; yaopHarbiH [uzorchâtty] ( <- yaop) figured, patterned.
-HHB-biH
the meaning 'tending to, inclined to the action' expressed by the basal word: saAyMHMBbift [zAdumch^'ivty] (^ 3aAyM|aTbca) thoughtful, pensive; melancholy.
a with
HHK
see
-mHK.
II.
-MHK
II
see -HK
see
-MHU-a
-ui-a
-mHu-a.
1.
/ nouns, denoting occupation:
woman
following some
-^
ceKperapma
[s^'ikr^'i^tarsha]
ceKperapb)
secretary [a woman); 2. the wife of fhe person expressed by the basal word:
reHepajibuia general's wife.
-uiHK, -HHK,
-Jibui^HK
[g^m^'i^raPsha]
<- renepaji)
nouns, denoting
1.
KOHTopiuHK
clerk;
[kAntorsh'^'.ik, -g]
a person's occupation: ( -- K0HT6p|a)

-g]
(
nyjieMeTMHK [pul^'i^m^'ot^chîk,
-^ nyjie-
mct) machine-gunner; nepeeoaqHK Ip^'irî^vosh^nk, -g] ( -<- nepeB03|HTb) ferryman; boatman; noAHHCHMK [pAtpîshîik, -g] ( -f- noAHHclbiBaTbCH) subscriber (to a newspaper, etc); saCacTOBiuHK !z8bAst6fsh'':ik, -g] ( -t- 3a6aCTOB|aTb) striker;
eojiejibiuMK sport fan;
2.
lbAl''el''sh'':ik,
-g]
--
Cojiejib)
instruments, mechanisms, devices: [bambardîrofsh^'rik, <- 6oM6apflHpoBlaTb) bomber;
goMSapAHpoBiuHK
cMexMHK
-g]
lsh^:6t''ch''ik,
-gj
( -*-
cnex)
lechnol
counter.
627
-lUHH-a
/ abstract
nouns, denoting certain social phenomena, trends, often derisive, negative:

o6biBaTejibm,HHa [AbivatîPshîina]
Baxejib) Philistinism.
(
-^-
o6hi-
>mHU-a,
-HHU,-a,
/ nouns, denoting a trade, pf ofess ion:
woman
occupied
in
some
rapziep66u;Hu.a [gardî^ropsh^ritsa] ( <- lapAep66) cloak-room attendant {a woman); 6y4DeTHHua [bufêt'chîtsa] ( <- 6yêT) bar-
maid;
noAaBajibiuHua
see -HBa-Tb.
[p9dAvaPsh^:it^9]
noAa-
BaJTb) waitress {at a dining establishment).
biBa-Tb
WUIK-O
n nouns dim^ also expressing endearment: aepHbiiuKO [zôrnishka] ( -âepHJo) small

grain.
see
-H-e.
b-e
b-e
II
n nouns, denoting a place,

prefixes b3-,
sa-,
region (with the noA-, npe^-, npH-); BSMOphe [vzmor^ya] ( <- M6p|e) seaside; seashore; beach {of a sea); <- 6eper) (sea) no6epe>Kbe [psbî^rêzhya] ( coast, seaboard; npeflropbe [pr'î^dgor^ya] ( -e- ropja) foothills.
no-,
see
se^^
K)H-HH
K)UJK-a
-yq-HH.
-yuiK-a.
lOm-HH
fl-Tb
see
see
ym-HH.
-a-Tb.
SIHHH
flHT
see -HH.
see
-aHT.
JIH-HH
see
yq-HH.
A GUIDE TO RUSSIAN PRONUNCIATION

by V. A.
VASSILYEV
Institute
Lecturer in English Phonetics
Moscow State
of Foreign
Languages
The Type
of Pronunciation Represented
cal of educated Russian
in this dictionary is typispeech in its not too rapid colloquial and not too slow public discourse styles.
The pronunciation represented
The Phonetic Alphabet

The phonetic alphabet employed consists mostly of those Latin letters and their combinations which, in certain English words spelt conventionally, stand for speech-sounds similar to Russian sounds. English-speaking users of the dictionary should bear in mind, however, that although there is similarity of varying degree between certain Russian and English sounds, there is not, as a matter of fact, a single sound in Russian sound. Therefore it quite identical with any English should always be remembered that Russian and English sounds denoted by the same Latin letters and their combinations are actually different. These points of difference in this are described Guide and should be observed by English-speaking learners of Russian as closely as
possible.
Those Russian sounds which bear no resemblance to any English sounds whatsoever are denoted by special symbols, most of which are taken from the alphabet of the International Phonetic Association (IPA).
Comparison with English Pronunciation

Russian pronunciation is compared in this Guide mainly with Southern English, or Received, Pronunciation (RP), General American (GA) and Eastern American (EA) Pronunciation.
632
3
O)
^1
1^
'tx-
CO J5 3 -^3i! ^
y^ cu
a
a>
X2

Zeu regi
CO
u O C
c?
C3
^ u, 3 o. c 0,0
<s.
2
na
O)
c o
-^ ^3 "a
5,
00 CO
lever
ozone
azure
aha!
CO
!>
CO
.^ 'o
"eg
^^-f->
CO
>
c^
--N
_
^3
,__,,
a
>fl
5""
X>
|T3
cn
"^
s^
s.
0^
^
CO
i3 -a
c ^
O
'o
Vw
^
E
o
c/)
^ ^S O-f-
^ 'O
CD
'S.
CO
N^^
2]N]-g 05
i
5;
2
c 3
.5 Q.
'-^
2 '0
,^-v 0)
(D
.
OJ
C/5
3 A
^
=
OJ
cfl
a,
C
3^ u<
00 CO
1*,
^c
^.2 "*^
CO
csi
-uj: ) 3 < 3 CO.C
-N
(a)
lelper
1
I-,
0)
kulk
-ii
<
.
0, a.
tar
fine
sun
shor loch (Scot
-C
CO
c/)
^^H-I T3
îj
_
a
V]
^5 J
CI.
^'
','^7^-
-^v.
1.^1 "^
C
CO
On^^risS
ESfl
o-*'^ 2:
633
CD C ^ n 3 o z; E c CO o
1-^
0^
>>
JO
i
^.^
' n W *O 2 0; OJ Ex: >
E c:i-r
>;
a
n
.^
a 3
CO 03
p__
cd <Z
^"^
o
2:
^)t
J
o c o
^'
>3
Fc^^l
(/)
QJ
^ c^
^ W
N
^_^
C3
C
x:
1
'
03
"^13
1 \%
CJ
o ^ 2^
B.
634
Continued
Vowels
Approximate pronunciation
Unobscured
Obscured
(unstressed)
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
father
[a] [A]
(in
EA)
y,
quite
unknown
aye (without
in
[0]
19]
RP) November
(without u) pulley
chintzes police
Dell
sofa
In]
li]
in
lei

[i^l
ago

[i]
intermediate
vn
[>1
between
between
city (in
and
and
[e]
intermediate
[4]
[e]
RP)
Russian Unobscured Vowel Sounds Represented by the Letters a [a], o [o], y [u],
bi
[i],
s [e]
as the distinctness of vowel quality is concerned vowel sounds in Russian, as in English, fall into two classes: strong, distinct, unobscured vowels, which occur mostly in stressed syllables, and weakened, obscured vowels, which can only occur in unstressed syllables. However, some unobscured vowel sounds in Russian, as in English, can also occur in unstressed syllables. Both an unobscured and an obscured vowel sound is represented in Russian spelling, as- in English, by one and
far
As
the
same letter. Table 1 deals with unobscured vowels, some of which occur in unstressed syllables as well. The unobscured vowel sound of a Russian vowel letter represents its sound value 1, which always coincides with the vowel sound pronounced in the alphabetical name of
e. g.
the letter,
11111
iS [a],
is [o],
is [u], bi is
[i],
is [e].
635
Table'
1
Russian
letters
Their sound
values
Pronunciation and reading rules
Aa
[a]
1.
[a]
Ja
Shorter than [a
E.g.
Like the first element of the diphthong [au], as in now, the
RP EA
[a] in father, or the RP [a] in cut (but a little broader than [a]). in father, but longer than [a]*.
ai=[a] only under
stress.
Aa
a
al
[a]
[a] [a:]
The Russian
and, but
ahi, eh!
letter
Like o in obey, November, molest (when no [u] is pronounced after it and when not obscured to [a]). Preceded in Russian by a faint
[u]
[o]
glide.
oh!
only under
stress.
E.g.
Oo
01
[o]
[o]
[o:]
The Russian
about prep
letter o
Note. In
few
loan-words o
[o]
in
an unstressed
syllable as well.
pat, pulley, but a and more back. The lips in Russian are more rounded and protruded,
in full,
little
Like
higher
[u]
both
in stressed
and unstressed syllables.
E.g.
yy
y
yl
[u]
The Russian
int
letter
[u]
[u:]
by, with, at prep
* Variations in the length of Russian vowel sounds never distinguish words otherwise alike. Russian vowels are considerably lengthened only In emotional speech, as In interjections (the iengtl?mark used in this dictionary is [:]).
636
Continued
Russian
letters
Their sound values
No English sound even remotely resembles this characteristically Russian vowel. In pronouncing [i] [i] the central part of the tongue (the one opposite the middle of the roof of the mouth) is raised high in the form of a hunch, and the lips are
^
spread. Keeping the lips in this position, aim at pronouncing a vowel intermediate in quality between the sound [u] in pull and the sound [i] in pill, but nearer
to the latter.
bi=:[i] both
E.g.
bi
\n stressed
[i]
The Russian
letter
w
Still
Like e
like
in well,
bell.
[e]
is
more
first
the
Russian
the
element of the
RP
diphthong
[ea]
as in where, bare.
3=[e]
both
in
stressed
[e]
E.g.
33
3!
The Russian
eh!
letter a
[e:]
Sonorous Consonants (Sonorants) [m],

Represented by the Letters m [em], h
[n],
ji
(IJ,
|r],
[y)
[en],
[el],
[er],
[r] and [y] are similar to [n], [1], counterparts, as in man, month, health, very and yes respectively. But the Russian [m], [n] and [1] are never so long as their English counterparts after a stressed short vowel in with Russian MaM word-final position (cf English [ream] fern, gen, pi of the noun meaning mamm.a, mammy).
The Russian [m],
their English
mam
Sound value 1 of a Russian consonant letter is always the consonant sound pronounced in its alphabetical name.
637
m [em]
is
Thus sound value

1
of the letter
[m] (M
= [m]),
H [en]
their
is
[n], etc.
h [en], ji [el] and p [er] have are pronounced as [m], [n], [1] and [r] respectively, in the following positions: (a) before the letters a, o, y, bi, a; (b) at the end of a word; (c) after any vowel letter; (d) before a non-palatalized consonant; (e) after both non-palatalized and palatalized consonants (for palatalization, see p. XLVII). The letters m, h, ji and p are pronounced as sonorous consonants in all positions.
letters
The
m [em],
1,
sound value
i.e.
Table 2
Their sound
values
Russian
letters
Mm =
[em]
E.g.
1.
[ITi]
Practically the same, and as short

in all positions,
as
in
map,
fa-
moas.
M
yM
[eiTl]
The Russian
of the
letter
[urn]
mind, intellect
yMa
yMy yMOM
yMbi
[uma] [umu]
[umom]
[umf]
yMaM
Mbl
[umam]
[mi]
mind (gen, sing) mind {dat, sing) by the mind (instr, sing) minds [nom, ace, pi) to the minds {dat* pi) we
to the
MaMbi MaMbi
[mami] mamt]
u
mammies {nom,
of
pi)
mammy
{gen,
sing)
yMa Mbl
MaMy MaM
mami] at mammy's (place) {gen, sing) [mamu] mammy {ace, sing) [mam] mammies {gen, ace, pi)
Note I. For the position of word accent in Russian, as in English, there are no invariable rules: the accent in different words may fall on any syllable (initial, final, penultimate,
^1 nam
etc.).
!^<
^ w^
638
II
i i
Ill
11
n il
ii
ma m
ixtMM
Therefore it is necessary for tlie foreign student to learn the accent of every word individually. Since the accent is not marked, as a rule, in the conventional spelling oi Russian words, in this dictionary it is indicated in the transcription of words of more than one syllable by the acute and grave stress marks placed above the vowel
stress.
primary stress and ['] for secondary monosyllables pronounced in isolation is taken for granted and not marked. No^.c 2. Syllable division in Russian differs in many cases from English syllable division. The principal difletters,
i.e.
[']
for
Stress
in
ference consists in the following. When there is only one consonant between two Russian vowels, the point of syllable division is always between the first vowel and the consonant, e.g. yMa [u-ma] of the mind, intellect (m, gen, sing). Syllable division after or within an intervocalic consonant characteristic of English words with a short stressed vowel separated from a following vowel by one consonant sound (e.g. Spanish, very, city, honest, study) is foreign to Russian. Cf MaMbi fma-mi] with
its
English equivalents mammies, mummies. Syllable

is
divi-
sion
marked
e.g.
in
this dictionary,
where necessary, by
hyphen,
[u-ma].
Continued
Russian
letters
Their sound values
1.
[n]
Like n before th
in
month, tenth.
conso-
The Russian
en
nant,
i.e.
it
[n]
is
is
a dental
articulated
by the
blade of
tip
the
tongue
is
back of the upper teeth

of the passive.
tongue
touching the while the lowered and

letter h
E.g.
H
OH
[en] [on]
The Russian
he
--
639
Continued
y Ahhu OH y AHHbi
[u annt]
at
AHHy
Ha
[on u annt] [annu]

[na]
he
Anna's is at Anna's (place)
ace of
to us
Anna
on prep
but
(I)
HaM
HO
[nam]
[no]
MHy
yiMHa
VMHO
yMHbi
[mnu] [umna] [umno] [umnl]
crumple
is)
(she
it
clever clever (we, you, they) are clever

is
Like / before th in health, although, i.e. articulated by the tongue-tip against the back of the upper teeth. Care should be taken not to replace the non-palatalized very "dark" Russian [1] by the "clear" English [1] which in RP occurs before vowels.
as in last,
learn, etc.
letter
a,
ji
E.g.
Jl
Ji
[el]
The Russian
pier
MOJI
MOjiy MOJIU
jiyna
[mal] [mol] [molu] [molt]

[luna] [lunt]
small (sh f of
m)
to the pier {dat, sing) piers (nom, ace, pi)
moon
of the
jiyHU
Jiyay
jiyHbi
moon
(ace,
[lunu] [lunt]
[lun]
moon
(gen, sing) sing)
jiyn
Mbl Jl
moons (nom, pi) of moons (gen, pi)

(I,
[mtl]
he)
washed
* Double consonant letters in some Russian words are pronounced as a single short consonant sound like nn in announce, whereas in others as a single but prolonged consonant sound, as nn in unnatural, unnamed or mm in room-mate (and not as mm in rummage). Prolonged geminated consonant sounds are shown in transcription by doubling the corresponding phonetic symbol. Cf ou y Auhu [on u anniJ {gen) he is at Anna's {place).
640
Continued
Russian
letters
Their
sound
values
Pp:.=:
1.
[r]
There is no consonant in RP or GA and EA like this Russian sound. The closest approximation to it is the rolled, or trilled,
[er]
Scottish
[r],
i.e.
consonant articulated by a rapid succession of taps of the tongue-tip against the teeth-ridge. A semi-rolled, or one-tap [r], similar to the Russian intervocalic [r], is used between vowels by many speakers, as in marry, very, sorry, hurry. The Russian [r], unlike its RP counterpart, is pronounced in all positions, i.e. before consonants and at the end of words as well. In word-final position it is usually devoiced, especially after a voiceless consonant.
RP
E.g.
p paMbi
[er]
[rami]
[rani]
[ura:] [ural]
The Russian frames

wounds
hurrah! the Urals
letter
paHU
ypa! ypaji
poM
9pbl
[rom]
[eri]
rum
eras
M3p
[mer]
[rur]
m=
t
E.g.
Li
Pyp
i.[y]
mayor Ruhr
in yield, yes,
Like
,)f
boy, employ.
MaS MOH
moh!
MHOH
jiaH
[may] [moy] [moy] [mnoy]

[lay] [ray]
May
my, mine
(thou) wash!
by me
barking
paradise
paH pOH
pofi!
JiyHOH
roy] roy] [lunoy]
swarm
(thou) dig! by the moon {instr, sing) clever
yMHblH
[umniy]
641
Palatalization of Consonants in Russian

Palatalization is caused by raising the front of the tongue to the height of the [y] or [i] sound at the same time when the other organs of speech are held in position for the primary articulation of the consonant, e.g. while the lips are closed for [m] or the tongue-tip is pressed against the back of the upper teeth for [n] or [1]. In RP, slightly, or semi-, palatalized consonants are the sound of the letter 1 in value, million and the sounds of the letter s in sure and pleasure. However, in pronouncing Russian palatalized consonants the front of the tongue is
higher. close enough English approximation to a fully palatalized consonant is the sound of the letter n before y and i in the words vineyard and onion. A palatalized consonant occurs in Russian not only before a vowel of the same word, but also in word-final position and before a consonant. This presents great difficulty to the English-speaking learner. Most consonant letters in Russian denote both non-palatalized and palatalized sounds. Whether a consonant letrepresents (and should therefore be pronounced as) ter a non-palatalized or palatalized sound is indicated by the letter that follows. Thus a consonant letter followed by the vowel letters a, o, y, bi, a dealt with in Table 1 represents, as a rule, a non-palatalized sound. That a consonant letter in word-final position or before a consonant represents a palatalized sound is indicated in Russian spelling principally by the letter b (the "soft" sign). A small-type "soft" sign placed above the line and after a consonant symbol is used in this dictionary to indicate a palatalized consonant sound in any position, e.g. MOJib [mol^] {clothes-)moth, jibHa [Pna] of flax [gen, sing). Most consonant letters pronounced as palatalized sounds are considered in this Guide to have sound value 2. Cf
still
raised
A. [m]
^2. [m^],
A.
^2.
[n]
[n^],
A.
[1]
A.
^2.
[r]
^2. [P],
[r^]
Palatalization plays a significant role in Russian: a non-palatalized consonant and its palatalized counterpart distinguish from each other words otherwise alike. Cf moi [mol] pier, uojib [mol^] clothes-moth.
642
important for the EnglishIt is, therefore, extremely speaking learner to master Russian palatalization, which is extremely difficult for him in word-final position, as in
MOJib
[mol^]
{clotlies-)moth,
jianb
[lan^]
doe,
roe{-deer)
and before a consonant (except [y]), as in Jibna [Tna] of flax. To master palatalization in these positions the following hints might prove helpful. Pronounce the English consonants [1], [n] in the v/ords million, vineyard pressing the tongue-tip against the back of the upper teeth ând not against the teeth-ridge) and simultaneously raising the front of the tongue still higher than for [y], prolong the [1] and [n] sounds, then stop at the end of the first syllable before beginning the [y] sound of the following syllable. Thus the syllables [mir-] and Then say the Russian words [vin*"] will be pronounced. MOJib [mol''] moth, jianb [lan^] doe, jibHa [l^na] of flax as if they were followed by the [y] sound, but do not actually pronounce -the latter.
Table 3
Their sound values
Russian
letters
M
H
= =
2.
[m^l
[n-]
[1-]
(1) (2)
2.
2.
Before b; Before a palatalizing letter
(see
examples
in
Table
4).
2.
[r-1
E.g.
0Mb
jianb
[on1^1
[la 1^1
The
doe
river
Om
paHb
jibHy
[ra n'']
[1^ nu] [m(d1^]
to flax
i
early time, early hour (dat, sing)
MO Jib
HOJib Hyjib pyjib jiapb
[no r] \ [nu 1^] /

[ru P]
[la r'']
clothes-moth zero
nought
rudder; steering-wheel
chest, bin,
box
643
[i],
Unobscured Vowel Sounds Represented by the Palatalizing

Letters a [ya], e [ye], e [yo], h
k)
[yu]
In Russian spelling, each of these letters performs simultaneously two functions. Its first function is to represent a vowel sound, e. g. [a], [e], [o], [i] and [u] respectively, when the letter has sound value 1. Thus the first sound values of the palatalizing and non-palatalizing letters are the same (except bi and h). Cf
Ma] U[al
H [ya]
1
jl^l
e [ye]
|
J
[e
t'
i
|=[oi
i
e 2
[yo] [vol
But:
[,j
y
K)
[U]
H[i]:=[ll
H
[i]
[yu]J
[il
of each of the letters a, e, e and the preceding conK) is to indicate at the same time that letter represents a palatalized consonant sound sonant (hence the term "palatalizing" vowel letters)*. English-speaking learners It is extremely difficult for of Russian to pronounce a palatalized consonant correctly before a vowel sound. They should bear in mind that when a Russian consonant letter is immediately followed by a
The second function
palatalizing vowel letter, no [y] or [i] sound should be inserted between them. Thus the word jien flax should be pronounced [Pon] and not [l^yon]. A very close English approximation to a palatalized consonant not followed by a [y] sound before a vowel is
the sound [n] in
new which
as
in
is
pronounced almost as [nû:]

hk),
and not [n-f-yu:'],
when you [wen

as
pronunciation of the syllables hh,
yuj. Thus the as in hhhkd [n'ânû]

[nâ]
-j-
ace sing of nurse can be represented
[nû] and
not ['n-|-ya]
+ [n-hyul[y]
is,
The consonant
however,
pronounced
between a
palatalized consonant and a vowel sound when the consonant letter is followed by b, e. g. SyjibOH [buPyon] broth.
As
reminder
of this function, a
small-tvpe "soft' sign will
be printed above the line and before a used in isolation, e.g. [ê], [i>aj, etc.
vowel
symbol when
it
is
-.f,/\/[-
Table 4
Thfir
Kussijiii
letters
sound
values
Pronunciation and icadinj^ rules
1.
I'-aj
S
lyal
SI
After a palatalized consonant more advanced (fronted) than la| denoted by llie letter a, and resembles the first element of the RP diphtonf^
laij,
as
in
ice, atje
(r.-^yes).
B(>tween
two palatalized consonants |cil is still more front and resembles the RP vowel sound |.el, as in man. fl l'*a| only in stressed syllables.
E.g.
IVIM
py.'iji
|ll''al
|rul'';'i|
py.;iM
|rul'':i|
plant-louse of the rudder, stecring-wlieel {ên, sing) while steering with the
rudder
pyjiMM
HblpMHt
|rur'am|
lnir''ayl
to rudders {dat, pi)
(thou) dive!
^^
After a palatalized consonant a than lei represented by in men. CI 9 and resembles \q\ M 3 p Imerll mat/ors and Mepbi Im^'eril measures. Between two palittle closer
I.I
latalized consonants the Russian lei is still closer, e.g b lm''er'l shoal. (with the exception e l''el only in stressed syllables of some loan-words in which e:=:le] i\fter a hard consonant and in unstressed syllables).
MCJi
E.g.
MCJI
m''ell
Me Jib
MepiJ
m"el'l
Ini'êril
chalk shoal (nam, ace, pi) measures

of
Mep OH HCM
Miie
jieiil
lm''erl
measures (gen, pi)

is dumb me
jon n''enil
Inm'-el
he
to
li'vyl
llun'-el
liMn''el
jiyue
yMe
pyjieil
lrul"eyl
(thou) pourl to the moon (dat, sing) about Ihe luind {pr, sing) of the rudders (gen, pi)
645Continued
Russian
letters
Their
sound
values
e.-z=
1.
["0]
Se
[yo]
After a palatalized consonant more advanced (fronted) than [o] denoted by the letter o. Between two palatalized consonants [o] is still more front and resembles the RP vowel sound in learn (cf jich [I'ôn] flax).
in a stressed syllable.*
can only occur

OH yMCH
JieH
E.g.
[on um'ôn]
he
flax
is
clever
[Pon]
[rul'ôm]
pyjieM
by (with) the rudder, steering-wheel {instr,

sing) (we)
flax
MHCM
JieH Mbi
[mn''om]
crumple
is
[Pon mf
mn'ôm]
MHeM
scutched (we scutch flax)
HH=r
[i]
1.
[i]
vowel [i] representin police. eve and Care should be taken, however, not to finish the Russian [i] with a
ed
Like the
RP
by
in
faint [y] sound, as is done by some speakers in pronouncing the English [ij, as in me [miy], se e [siy], etc. Nor should the Russian vowel [i] be repla ced by the English vowel [i] reprein //, ///, did. sented by the lett er in s tressed and unstressed syllables and [i] both occurs with this sc)und value not only after a palatalized consonant of the same word but also at the be-
English
M^
ginning of a word pronounced in isolation or when a preceding word e nds in a palatalized consonant and both words are pre)nounced without the slightest pause between them.
* In ordinary printing and handwriting^ the letter 6 is usually replaced by the letter e whose pronunciation as [''oJ is then inferred from the meaning of the words.
646
Continued
E.g.
Hh
HM HMH
HJi
|i|
The Russian
and
cj
letter h
[i]
[iml
[im'îl
I
to them by (with) them

silt
ill
HJiH
lil''il
pyjiH
pyjiHl
frul'îl
or cj rudders, steering-wheels
[nom, ace, pi)

[rul'îl
MejiH
Im^'el'îl
HMCJiH HMeJi
MHjibiH OH MHJi
MH.abi
[im'êlîl [irnêl]
(thou) steer! shoals {nom, ace, pi) (we, you, they) had (I, he) had
nice, sweet
Im'îltyl
Ion m'îll [m'îH]

[mîl^'il
he is nice (we, you, they) are nice

miles (nom, ace, pi) world; peace worlds (nom, ace, pi)
MHJiH
MHp
[mîrl MHpbi [mîrtl MHHHMyM [m^'in'îmum' Mejib H MOJi [mêl'' i mol] pyjiHMH [rul'âmî]
minimum
by
the shoal and the pier (with) the rudders
{instr, pi)
Russian
letters
Their
sound
values
2.
[i]
When
atalized the same
is
M occurs after a non-pal-
consonant
belonging
to
word and there

E.g. OH H Mu OH MHji H
word or to the preceding no pause between the two words.

[on
*
mtl
i
yMCH [on
m^'il
he and we um'ônl he is nice clever

to
and
HM
HaM
M3p H Mbi
Moji H Mejib
[im i naml [mer i mt] [mol f m''ell
them and to us the mayor and we the pier and the shoal
647
Continued
Russian
letters
Their sound
values
K)io
=
H^
1.
[û]
After
palatalized
consonant
JO
[yul
more advanced (fronted; than [u] denoted by the Russian letter y. Between palatalized consonants the Russian [u] is still more front and
resembles the English vowel [u] (without the preceding [y]) in mutiny.
10=:::
[û]
both
in stressed
[l^'um^'inal

luminal (a sedative)
snivel {col) nurse {ace, sing) to the rudder {dat, sing) (I) reconcile {smb)
E.g. JlKDMHriaJl
HIOHH HHHKD
pyjiK)
[nûnî] [nânû]
[rulû] [mîr'û]
2 of the
10
MHpKD
Sound Value
Letters a,
e,
e,
10
are not preceded by a consonant letter, each of them represents a combination of two sounds: vowel sound of the alphabetical name of [y] plus the
,
e,
When
the letter,
i.e.
ji
2222
e
and
[ya], e
[ye],
e=[yo],
io
[yu].
Table 5
Russian
letters
Their
sound
values
2.
2.
51
e
K)
= = =
[ya] [ye] 2. [yo] 2. [yu]
(1) (2) (3)
At the beginning of a word; After a vowel letter;

After the ".soft" sign b; After the "hard" sign t*.*
(4)
* -b performs a purely disjunctive function, i.e. indicates that a following vowel is preceded by the syllable-initial sound [y]. As consonant letter before t., it is pronounced in most words the to as a palatalized sound, e.g. HS-bHH [iz^yan] flaw, defect. Only in
some words does
it
indicate that the preceding consonant
is
hard.
648
Continued
E.g.
Hh
H HMbl
[ya] [ya]
The Russian
I
letter
(yami]
[yar] [il"ya]
pits, holes (in the
ground)
HP
Hjibfl
6yHH
HS-bHH
[buyan]
[iz^yan]
[ye]
steep river bank Elijah rowdy, ruffian flaw, defect
Ee
eM
eji
The Russian
(I) (I,
letter e
(yem]
[yel]
eat he) ate

firs
ejib
lyei'1
fir(-tree)
e;iH
[yepi]
[yo]
fl'-yom]
(we, you, they) ate;
Ee
JlbCM
The Russian
(we) pour
letter e
K)k)
lojia
[yu
The Russian
whirligig; a person)
letter \o
lyu a]
[yun(-iy)] [on yun] [royu]
fidget(-ing
K)H(-blH)
OH
K)H
pOKD MOIO
young, youthful he is young (I) dig

(I)
(I)
[moyu]
[im'êyu] [i^yu]
HMCK)
JlbK)
wash have
pour
(I)
Hard and Soft Voiceless and Voiced Consonants

Represented by the Letters n
T
[te],
ui
fl
[pe],
6 [be],
[de],
K [ka], r [ge], (|)[ef], B[ve], c [es], 3 [ze],

[sh'':a],
[sha],
[zhe], x [kha],
u,
[tse],
h [ch''e]
Most of these letters represent both non-palatalized and palatalized consonant sounds in the same positions in which the hard [m], [n], [l] and [r] and the soft [m''], [n''], [I''] and [r''] are denoted by the letters m, h, ji and p respectively.
Therefore
sound
value
of
the
letters listed
above,
649
is
pronounced
2
the palatalized counterpart of the consonant
in
the
alphabetical
nanie
of
the
letter,
e.g.
[p''],
[pe]
6=[b^j,
[be]
etc.
However, some of the above

tive
1, 2
letters represent,
irrespec-
of
their
positions,
1, 2
either
only
1,2
i;
hard
consonants
or
(uj
[sha]
[sh],
m [zhe]^[zh],
1,2
soft ones
(m
[sh'îa]
[sh'^:],
[tje]=[tj]) 1,2"^ h [chê] =

[ch^]).
only
Peculiarities of Russian
Voiced and Voiceless Consonants
One and the same of the above- listed letters in different positions can be pronounced both as a voiceless and as a voiced sound, which in its turn can be hard or soft (with the above exceptions). This adds two more sound
consonant letters Russian have four sound examplified by the letters 6 and n:
letters
values to Russian
in
values,
Thus most consonant which can be
1.
[b]
2.
3.
[b^]
[p] [p^]
n [pe]
4.
--~>4.
>1. ^2. >3.
[p]
[p'^l
[b]
[b'']
alphabetical
voiced non-sonorant in its is pronounced as the latter 's voiceless (hard or soft) cognate (i.e. has its sound val3. [p] and 4. [p"^], 3 [ze]r=3. [s], ue 3 or 4, e.g. 6 [be] 4. [s^]) in the following positions:
consonant
letter
(e.g.
with
name
a [be])
(1)
Inside
word
before
voiceless
consonant, e.g.
3y6KH [zupk^'i] (pretty) little teeth; (2) At the end of a word:

3
(a)
before a pause,
rjiyCh
e.g.
3y6
jiyr
[zup] tooth, jio6 [lop]

[luk]
forehead,
[glas] eye;
[glup^j
depth,
meadow,
rjiaa
(b)
650
following
3
when an immediately
word
begins
with a voiceless consonant, e.g. Jiyr KyoHJiH [luk kupîlî] ihey bought the meadow; (3) At the end of a word when an immediately following word (except a preposition) begins with a vowel, a sonorant (m, h, ji, p, h) or b and both words are pronounced
without the slightest pause between them,
[luk u rêch'^kî] the
Maji [luk mal]
1
e.g.
jiyr
y pewKH
3
meadow
is
near the
3
{little)
river, jiyr
the meadow is small, ;iyr bli KynHjiH [luk vt kupîlî] you bought the meadow.
1
But: H3 peMKH [v nôm] in him.
[iz
rêch^kî]
out
of
the river, b
hcm
its
In all other positions voiced sound values (i.e.

2.
[b^]. r [ge]
3
such a consonant retains and 2, e.g. 6 [be] l.
[b],
l.
[g],
2.
[g^]). Cf.
1
Jiyr Ma/r [luk
mal] the meadow
is
small, Jiyr
Ji6hi
6bi;i
Maji
[lug bil mal] the

1
meadow was
small,
[Ibi] foreheads,
3y6bi [zubi] teeth.
A consonant letter with a voiceless sound in its alphabetical name (e.g. n [pe]) is pronounced as the latter's voiced (hard or soft) cognate (i.e. has its sound values 3 [b] and 4. [b^], c [es] == 3. [z], 3. and 4, e.g. n [pe] 4. [z^]) before a voiced consonant both of the same and of an immediately following word when both words are pro-
nounced without the slightest pause between them,

6biji
e.g.
cyn
4
BKycHbiM [sub bil fkusntm] the soup was

3
tasty, cxenb
[z
3HM0H
[s^têb''
zîmoy] the steppe in winter, c rop

4
gor]
from the mountains,
npocb6bi [proz^bt] requests. In all other positions such a consonant retains its voiceless sound values (i.e. 1 and 2). English-speaking learners must pay particular attention to the above peculiarities in the use of voiceless consonants and voiced non-sonorants in Russian speech. Firstly, in contrast with English, a voiced non-sonorant can never occur at the end of a Russian word before
^
^
651
-^
pause: it is replaced by its voiceless cognate. Cf the English word snob with its Russian equivalent cho6 [snop]. Secondly, when a voiced non-sonorant and a voiceless consonant come together inside a word or at the junction of words pronounced without a pause between them, the first sound must become assimilated to- the second in the matter
a
[b] . [p] . [b] -f [b], [p] [p], [p] [bl>[z]-f[b], etc. This type [sl-f [p], ls] of assimilation is very rare in English, whereas in Russian phonetic law. It affects not only a single it is a general
of voice, e.g. [b]
[zl+[pl
consonant but two and more. Cf npocbSbi [proz^bi] requests

2
and npocb6 k HaM hct [pros^p

requests to
nam
nêt]
there are no
us*
Peculiarities of Russian Plosives (Stops)
Unlike the English voiceless plosives, their Russian counterparts ([p, p^, t, t^, k, k^]) are never aspirated and are pronounced in this respect like the English [p, t, k] after [s] or before an unstressed vowel. When a Russian stop ([p, p^, b, b^, t, t'', d, d^, k, k\ immediately before another stop, a nasal g, g^]) occurs ([m, m^, n, n^]) or an affricate ([ch^, tj]) which has a different point of articulation, this stop is fully exploded, i.e. the articulating organ is quickly removed from the point of articulation before the closure for the second consonant has been formed, whereas an English stop in this position remains unexploded, i.e. the articulating orân is removed from the point of articulation only after the closure for the second consonant has already been formed, or, in other words, during the stop-stage of the second consonant. Cf soup-kitchen and cyn-KOHCoMe [supkonsome] consomme; lag behind and jiyr 6biji Maji [lug bil mal] the meadow was small; football and ^yrQoji [fudbol].
*
The following device
is
to replace a word-final voiceless
used in this dictionary as a reminder consonant by its voiced cognate
or vice versa wherever required

4
by this phonetic law:

1
jio6 flop,
-b]
2
pfl6b 'r^âp^, forehead, [s^têpi', -b^J steppe, c
-b^]
[s,
ripple;s,
cyn
[sup,
bj
soup,
crenb
-z]
with, from.
652
Table 6
Russian
letters
Their
sound
values
nn=r
1-
[P]
^n
[pel
2.
[P^]
[b]
3.
4.
[b^]
[b]
R6 =
1.
The Russian [p] and fbl are respectively like the English' iinasp rated [p] in sport, helper and the intervocalic [b in about.
^/
Ibe]
2.
3. 4.
[b^]
[p]
[p^^]
E.g.
The Russian [pe] On OH ynaji [on upal] he fell down floor; sex [pol] non
nbiJib
letter n
Iptl'']
dust
(I,
HHJi
[pîl]
[p^'ila]
he)
nHJia nHJiH
(she)
drank drank
[pîl^l]
nsp
jiaMn
[per]
[lamp]
[be [ba
(we, you, they) drank peer {lord) of lamps {gen, pi)
B6
6aji
6biJi
The Russian
]
letter
[bil]
6hji
6biJia
[b^l]
[b'îla] [bll'îi
(dance-)ball (I, he) was (I. he) beat

(she)
was
6biJiH
6HJIH py6jib py6jiH

;ik)6jiio
[bîlM]
[rubl'']
[rubl^'i]
(we, you, they) were (we, you, they) beat
[Publûj
[b^yu] [b^yuro]
[lop]
rouble roubles (I) love

(I
6bio
am) beating
6K)po
jio6
bureau
forehead
ripple/s
it
pH6b [r^'ap''] cyn 6biJi [sub btl

pbi6HbiH
was
fish
soup
rtbnty]
OD 5
Continued
Russian
letters
Their sound values

1.
Tt=:
[t]
Mm
[te]
2.
3.
[d]
4.
[dN
[d]
The Russian
dptltCil
[t]
and
C^n<;nn?intQ
Qimilar
[d] \n
are +ha
JXa
=
d
1.
S)
2. 3.
dij
i}
voiceless unaspirated [t] in eigh\t\th and voiced [d] in width., breadth 'respectively.
[de]
4.
Hi)
te]
E.g.
Tt
TaM
ra
The Russian
letter
tarn]
tal to]
TO
there {place) that (fern, nom) that {n nom)
TU TpH
HCT TOT 6paT
tn
tri]
thou
three
nêt]
tot]
no
that (m, nom) brother
(he, she, (he, she,
it) it)
brat]
i
MHCT
5beT
mnôt]
1 1
crumples
beats
b^yot]
MHyT
6bIOT MOiOT
mnut]
b^yut]
MHTb
MblTb 6bITb
,
moyut] mât^] mit^]

bit']
6HTb
bMt'
uytî pât']
yHTH HHTb
9TH
Te
1
etM]
t'e
1
(they) crumple (they) beat (they) wash to crumple to wash to be to beat to go away five these
those
TCTH
t'otM]
de]
aunts {nom, pi)
JiA
Aa
The Russian
yes
letter
da]
AOM
dom]
house

[budu] [dim]
[dlâ]
[d'^nî]
654
Continued
6yAy
AbiM
AJiH
(I)
shall be
smoke
for
AHH
AeHb AeiH HACT
prep days
[dênî
[dêtî] [idôt]
[d'âdî]
day
children
(he,
AHAH
OH
0T6biJi
she, it) goes uncles (nom, pi)
[on odbil]
MHe
6bi
6biTb
[mnê bid^
bi tam] [on rat tam
btt^]
[but''
he (has) left I should (have) be(en)

there
xaM
OH paA TaM
6bITb
he
is
glad to be there
6yAb TBM
HATH
Their
tam]
[it^'t^'i]
(thou) be there to go
Russian
letters
sound
values
Kk =
[ka]
1.
[k]
[k'']
2.
3.
practically
The Russian [k] the same
and
as
[g]
are
the
unas-
[g]
4.
[g^]
1.
[g[
Tz
[gel
2.
3.
[gN
[k]
[k'']
4.
[k] in skulk, marker and the intervocalic [g] in aâsp respectively. The palatalized counterparts of [k] and [g] are formed by pressing the central tongue part the of against the middle of the roof of the mouth (somewhat like [k] in skew and [g] in argue).
pirated
E.g.
Kk
KaK KyAa pyKa
TKaTb TKyT KTO
[ka]
The Russian
letter k
[kak [kud
how
i]
where
to
(to)
[ruki] [tkat ^]
hand; arm
(they)
[tku
[kto;
t]
weave weave
who n
by
(he,
KeM
TKCT
[k^'ei
whom
she,
it)"
[tk^'c)t
weaves
KHHO
[kîri6]
cinema

Fr
jiyra
655
Continued
[ge]
roA
roAbi ropbi
[lugal [got]
The Russian meadows

year years
letter r
TAe
rjiy6b
rwjx
[godi] [gori] [gdê] [glup-]

[gîtl
mountains where (place) depth guide (of tourists)

(I,
Mor
jiyr
[mok]
[luk]
he) could
meadow
what am
to do? I (are we) where could he (have) be(en)?
KaK 6bITb?
rê Mor oh
6bITb?
jiyr Maji
[kag bit^] [gdê mok
ôn bit^] [luk mall

Their
the
meadow
is
small
Russian
letters
sound
values
1.
[f]
2. 3.
[ef]
[P]
[V]
practically the
life
The Russian [f] and same as [f]

and
[v]
[ef]
[v] are in fine,
'n
lever respectively.
4. [v*^]
E.g.
1.
O 4)
4)aKT
(|)yHT
jiH(|)T
The Russian
fact
lettertj)
[v]
2.
3.
[v^]
[f]
[fakt] [funt]
[lîft]
[r**if]
pound
lift,
elevator
[ve]
4.
[P]
[ve]
y,
-f]
pii4)
reef
Py(|)b [ruf^]
Bb
B
Bbl,
Ruth The Russian letter

in,
at
prep
Bbl
vi]
BaM,
BaM
vam]
[vMt]
ulof]
krof'']
to
you you
BHA
yjioB
KpOBb
jih4)t 6bi;i
view, sight catch noun blood

btl
Pivd
the
lift
was downstairs
BHH3y
Ruth was at the cinema Py4]b 6biJia f kMno] B KHHO yôBSbijiMaji [ulovbtlmal] the catch was small KpoBb Aaji OH [krov^ dal on] it was he who gave (the) blood
vnîzu] [ruv^ btla
656
Continued
Russian
letters
Their
sound
values
Cc =
1.
[s]
C
[es]
2.
[s^]
[z]
3.
4.
z^l
The Russian
[s]
and
[z]
are
33r=
1.
[z]
2.
[z^]
(s]
dental consonants, respectively similar to [s], [z] immediately before or after th, as in sixth, withstand, who's[z] there?
3 ?
[ze]
'
3. 4.
[S-]
E.g.
Cc
c
es]
;s,
The Russian
-z]
letter c
with, from prep
caA
sat]
garden
he) -self shall come myself he will come himself
(I.
I
caM H np HAy caM OH njDHACTCaM caMH ACTH npHjiyi

ca
COJIb
Cbip
VI
sam]
ya prîdu sam]
onprîdMtsam]
samî]
dêtî prîdut
(we, you, they) -selves the children will come
samî]
[sol^]
themselves
salt
sir]
cheese
cyn
cap
CTeniI
1
sup]
ser]
soup
sir
s^têp^]
ceMb
CHJIbl
sêm^]
sîli]
steppe seven
forces
Hac
Bac Becb
CHflb!
nas] vas] vês^] sât^]
us
you
{ace, sing, pi)

all
(the) whole,
ciOAa
sûda]
(thou) sit downl here (direction)
657
Continued
33
3a
[ze]
The Russian
for
letter 3
[za]
pr2p
3BaTb
30HH
3y6
3y6bi
[zvat^] [zont]
to call
zones
tooth
teeth roses
[zup] [zubi]
[rozt]
P03bl
3HMa
SeMJlH
[zîma]
[zêmPi]
[z^dês^]
3Aecb H3K)M 3HTb B03
winter lands here (place)

raisins
[izûm]
[zât^l [vos] [skvos^] [voz bJl
son-in-law
cart(-load)
CKB03b
303 6hUl MaJI CKB03b AbIM c rop npocbSbi BeCb AGHb
through
mal
[skvoz^
[z gor]
dim through
I
was small smoke from the mountains

the cart(-load)
(the)
[proz^bi] [vêz^ d^'en^
requests the whole day
Russian
letters
Their
sound
values
Illm=:
1.
[sh]
The Russian [sh] and [zh] are respectively like the sounds of s in 1. sure and z in azure or sh in ship and s in pleasure, but they are 3 [sh] quite hard, whereas their English counterparts are slightly palatalized. [zhe] This dark colouring of the Russian [sh] and [zh] is due to raising the back of the tongue towards the hard palate while the front is lowered and the tongue-tip is pressed against the teeth-ridge
[sha]
3.
Ul
[zh] [zh]
ui=:[sh] and >K=r[zh] before all vowels, including h, (which is pronounced as [t] after them) as well as e, e and K).
658
Continued
E.g.
QIui
mar
uiyM
lUOK mejiK
[sha] [shak].
The Russian
step noise
letter
ui
[shumj
[shok] [sholk]
shock noun
silk
mecTb
yiiiH
[shesH^]
[Lisht]
Ham
Bam,
Bam
6pomb
KyAa Tbi HAemb?
>K>K
jKaib H >KMy
[nash [vash] [brosh]
six ears our(s) your(s)
[kuda
Vi
idôsh]
brooch where are you thou) going?
(art
[zhe] [zhat^]
The Russian
I
letter
to press, to squeeze
(Bamy)pyKy " (vashu) ruku] >KAaTb [zhdaP]

>Ke3Ji
BaM
fya
zhmu vam
shake your hand
to wait
JKCJITblH
[zhezl] [zholtfy]
rod, bajton
yellow
life
>KH3Hb )KHTb OH >KHBeT

3;iecb
[zhiz^n^]
[zhie]
[on zhiv^'od z^dês^] zholut^l zhurnal]
[zhur^'i]
to live
he lives here acorn
mejiyjih
>KypHaji >KK)pH
magazine, journal
jury (shot)gun rye (thou) cut! knife the brooch is here the knife was blunt the rye is thick
py>Kbe
pOJKb
peJKb!
[ruzhyo]
[rosh] [rêsh]
sjiecb
HO>K
6pomb
HO>K 6bi;i Tyn po>Kb rycTa
[nosh] [brozh z^dês' nozh btl tup]

rozti gusta]
659
Continued
Russian
letters
Their
sound
values
The Russian [sh^:] and [zh^:] are respectively like the sound of s in sure and z in azure, but they are still more palatalized and pro[sh^:a] longed, i.e. in articulating [sh^:] and [zh^:] the front of the tongue is raised still higher than in the case of their English
counterparts.
m=r[zh^':] only at the end or non-sonorant (except b).

Besides,
[zh^:].
word before
a voiced
before
has
variant pronunciation
E.g.
mm
me^pbiH
mil njiau;
[sh^:a]
[sh^:edriy]
[sh'^-.i]
The Russian generous cabbage soup
letter
[plash*^:]
6opm
[borsh^:]
raincoat beetroot and cabbage soup,
borshch
Momb 6opm
6biJi
BKyCHbIM
BO>K}KH APOJK^KH
[mosh' [borzh^: bil fkusnim] [w6zh^:i]

[dr6zh^:i]
might noun
the borshch
the rein(s) yeast
was
tasty
The Russian [kh] is the same the Scottish sound of the letter combination ch in loch. It is articulated by -the back of the tongue raised towards the soft palate as in the case of fk], but so as to form, instead of the complete closure of [k], a narrow slit-like passage through which the air from the lungs is forced with a sound of friction.
as
660
Continued
of
The consonant [gh] has the same place and articulation as [kh], except that it is voiced.
of
a
manner
voiced
[ghj only at the end x non-sonorant (except b).
word before
The palatalized counterpart of [kh], namely [kh^], has the same place of articulation as [k^] and sounds like the h which many English speakers pronounce in huge, human (the IPA phonetic symbol is [g]).
E.g.
Xx
xaKH
XOJIJl
[kha]
The Russian
khaki
letter
[khakH]
[khol]
xyAOH
xjie6
[khudoy]
[khlep] [ikh]
(entrance) hall thin, lean bread, loaf

their(s.)
HX
B yMax B pyKax B py6jiHX
[vumakh]
[v rukakh] [v rublâkh]
[kh'îtriy]
in
the
in the
sly,
minds hands
in roubles
XHXpblH OH XHxep
cunning
XHMHK
B CHJlbHMX
[on khîtôr] he is sly [khMmîk] chemist (not druggist) [f sîl^ntkh, ia strong firm hands
KpenKHX pynax BOX HX AOM

HX
;iexH
krêpkîkh rukakh]
[vot igh dom] [igh dêtM z^dês^]
here
is
their
house
here
their children are
3Aecb
Russian
letters
Their
sound
values
The Russian [ch^] and [j^] are respectively like ch in cheese and t in ajar, but they are more palaj [chê] talized than their English counterparts, which is due to a higher position of the front of the tongue, q=:[j^] only at the end of a word before a voiced non-sonorant (except e
:}[ch^]
661
Continued
E.g.
qq
qac
qeft
[chê] [châs]
[ch''ey]
The Russian
hour
letter h
qbH qbe qbH
[ch^'ya]
[ch'^yo]
[ch'^yi]
whose (m nom, ace, sing) whose {fern nom, sing) whose {n nom, sing) whose {nom, ace, pi)
night
Hoqb
iioqb
KJlKDq
[noch'^]
[doch'']
[kluch^]
daughter key
me
KJiroq?
6biJia
K;iK)q 3;iecb
Hoqb
CblpOH
where is the key? kluj^ z'^d^'es^] the key is here it was a damp night [noj^ bila siroy]
gdê kluch'^]
Russian
letters
Their
sound
values
1X11=--
%
[isej
1.
'^
[tjl
[d^z]
3.
The Russian [ts] and [dz] are respectively like ts in tsetse {fly) and dz in adze, but they are not combinations of two separately pronounced sounds
they
are
each
.s
([t-f s] and [d+z]); a single sound (an
affricate),
[ts]
it.
even
bel
ore
H,
which
of a
pronounced
as
[i]
after
i;=:[dz] only at the end non-sonorant (exce pt B).

E.g.
word before
letter
a voiced
Uu
uejib
[tje]
The Russian
]
u,
[tjeP
ueHip
[tsen tr]
[tjirli]
UHpK
UbiraH
UBex
q-reu
[tsig an] [tsv^ et] Ich*^ êtj]

[ch^'i.''edz
aim, purpose centre circus {show) gipsy (man) colour

reader, reciter the reader (reciter)
is
qreu
3Aecb
here
z^ dês'']
662
Obscured Russian Vowel Sounds Represented by the Letters a, o, e,
si
The obscured Russian vowel sounds, which can only occur are [a], [a], [i^], [i^] and [ij. They are represented in spelling only by the letters a, o,e, and a. The meanings of unstressed morphemes with these letters in them remain the same as under stress.
in unstressed syllables,
Table 7
Their
Russian
letters
sound
values
)=
2.
[A]
Like the RP [a] represented by the letter u, as in the phrase quite
unknown pronounced with no stress on un [An]. Thus [a] is an [a]-like sound, but weaker, shorter and a little closer (higher) than the stressed [a]. Cf caMa [sAma] {she) herself with [sAmd:] in some are and OHa [Ana] she with [Ana:] in quite unarmed.
ceded by a hard consonant; i. e. when (2) At the beginning of a woi-d, not preceded by any consonant and no matter how far removed from the stressed syllable.
E.g.
= [A]:
(1)
In the
first
pretonic syllable
when
pre-
caMa
Majia
KaKOH
luarH >Kapa
[sAma] [mAla] [kAkoy]

[shAgî] [zhAra] [tsAr^fzm]
(she) herself small, little {sh f of a) what kind, which steps heat(-wave)
tsar
UapH3M AOMa
ropa Hora H0>KH KOFAa
[dAma]
[gAra]
ism houses
mountain
foot;
[HAga] [nAzht] [kAgda] KOTOpblH kAioriy] annapai ApArat]
leg
knives
when
which {m nam, sing)
apparatus
E.g.
OHa OHH
she [Ana] they [Anî] o6biKHOBeHHbiH [Ab tknAvênnly] usual, customary
663
Continued
Russian
letters
Their sound
values
:|
Like the RP neutral vowel [9] represented by the letters a in again, cadet and o in concurrent. In pretonic syllables (i. e. those which precede the stressed syllable) the Russian [9] has a faint shade of the [i] sound, like the English [a] between [k] and [g] in back again. At the end of a word it has a faint shade of [a], like the RP word-final [a] in sofa [soufa] and
3.
[a]
runner
[rAna].
Cf
runner
[rAna]
with
pana [rana]
wound and paHO [rana] early, and concurrent [kankArant] with KOHKypeHX [kankurênt] competitor.
|=[a]:
(1)
In the second and other pretonic syllables (except the 1st) when preceded by a
hard consonant;
In post-tonic syllables after: a hard consonant; (b) the soft consonants represented letters 4 and m.
(2) (a)
by
the
E.g.
caMOJieT
[samAêt]
p^rAkhot]
[pialAko] [kharAsho]
airplane
napoxoA
MOJIOKO xopouio
steamship milk good, well
Ma Ma
[mama]
[anna]
[rana] [rana]
eta]
mammy
Anna wound
early
this {fern nam, sing) this [n nom, ace sing)
Anna
paHa paHO
3Ta 3T0 njioxo
eta]
[plokha]
bad(ly)
KOMHara HaqaT
[komnata]
[nachât]
[rosh^-.a]
room
(is)
begun (m)
poma
grove
664
Continued
Russian
letters
Their sound
values
Unlike any English sound. It is vowel (not a diphthong), intermediate in quality between [i] and [e]. There is a strong tendency in Modern Russian, especially in the speech of the younger generation, to pronounce [i^] very much like [i]. a=[i^] in the 1st pretonic syllable after w and m.
5.
[i^]^
a single
E.g.
qacbi tiacTHua
[chM^si]
[chî^s^tîtsa]
hours; clock particle

to spare
(life)
maAHTb
[sh^:i^dît^]
Like the English
by
e
in
the
letters
begin
and
represented tonnage, pocket, in i

[i]
in
many. It is a little more open (lower) and retracted as compared with [i]. a=[i]: (1) In the second and other pretonic syllables (except the 1st) after h and mporridge and
y
in
(2)
In a
non-final
post-tonic
syllable
after 4.
E.g.
qacoBOH qacTOTa nomaJKena

HanaTbi HanajiH
[chîsAvoy]
hour-long, hourly
[chîstAta] frequency [pash^-.izhi^na] (she is) spared (they are) begun [nachîtt]
[nachîl^'i]
(we, you, they) began
* The omission of a number indicating a sound value means that the letter in question is devoid of the sound value with this number, which other letters have. See sound values 4,6 and 8 of the letier e.
665
Continued
Unlike any English sound
It
is
single vowel, intermediate in quality
between
slightly
[i]
and
[e],
but
tending
more
to [ej
a=[f] in the 1st pre+onic syllable after ui, m and u, (usually before a soft consonant). In some words [a] may be pronounced after these letters instead of [F], in others [i"] is the only norm.
E.g.
jiomajxeu Hei [lashiMêy nêt]
HOJiexb
[zhfl^'et^j
dvattji'^t^yu
there are no horses to pity, to be sorry for...
c jxBajxmTbK^ [z
with twenty roubles
pyojiHMH
rubPamî]
Russian
letters
Their sound values
Pronuncialion and reading rules
3.
19]
(1)
After
UI,
and
u,:
(a)
in the
second and other pretonic syllables;

in
in post-tonic syllables; (2) In a final post -tonic syllable sing after a soft consonant.
(b)
nouns
n,
mm,
E.g.
luenxyHbi [ shaptunf B JKCJiyflHX [v zhaludâkh] [tj9lAvat^] uejiOBaib OH Bbimeji [on vtshal] [s muzham] c MyêM [s ptîtj9y] c nxHueH [m6r^9] Mope
whisperers in acorns
to kiss
he went out with the husband with the bird

sea

Their sound
values
666
rules Pronunciation and reading
syllable after: In a post-tonic

a vowel; the "soft" sign b;
(a)
(b)
E.g.
flo6poe
jxeJio
y Hee ABoe^
(xpoe) fleieH
Hee Hex 6paTbeB
brat^^n
^''
e=
E.g.
5.
IH
af pretonic syllable In the first consonant. er a palatalized
MeHfl
ImM^nâ]
[tî^bâ]
BeJia
me
{ace)
(tli
Te6H oHa
[Ana
v'î^la
you (thou) {ace) she was leading

children
'jiêieft
dMnêy]
Ipachî^mul
[sh^:i^kal
noMCMy
why
cheek
meKa
e=
lyi^l
pretonic syllable: In the first

at the beginning vowel; (b) after a
(c)
of a
wor
(a)
after b;
after
t*.
(d)
E.g.
eâ
BoeBaxb
CbeAoSHbift Oe-beKTHEHblH
[yi^da] [vayi^vat^l
food,
to
meal
wage war
[s^yi^dobniyl
Ubyi'ktMvntyl
[p^yi^ro]
edible objective Pierrot
ribepo
ussian
otters
Their
sound
values
soft consonant:
(a)
in
the
second
and
pretonic the 1st);

(b)
syllables
other (except
in post-tonic syllables.
[rêch^pîrh '^ Be;ieHa '^ ^^^s Vid^'i^nal *^k r.e xe.e4.0H? [gdêt^^lîek] wh'erf L the"' t'Jfe'
pe^b nepe-
w^
phone?
B ^CTblpeX
/êpeBHHx
meKoraib
B ;ioMe
U chîtlrôqh dîrî^vnâkh]
[sh^'iikAtat^] [v domî]
in
four villages
BOCeMb
fvosîm'l
[idîtî]
\o tickle in the house
eight (you) go!, come!
fyi]
(c)
after
t,.
eiiHHHua
eeponeeu
EjiHsaBera Hae;tHHe 06l,eKTHBH3M
[yid*inîts]
unit
[yivrAp'ey9tJ [yilîZAvêta]
European (man)
Elizabeth
s., sSL

Their
668
Continued
Russian
letters
sound
values
e=
9.
[]
After m,
and
^:
(a)
in the first
pretonic syllable;
(b) at the
ions of pr sing o
all
end of unstressed flexgenders, dat sing [em and the
comp degree.
E.g.
menxaTb
jKeHa
shi'ptat^] zht^na]
tji^na]
f
to whisper
wife
price in the cup about the in chintz
in
ueHa
B Haiue
châshi^]
sîttjt*^]
uyme
B CHTUe B JI0>Ke Ha yjiHue
A muzhi^]
f
husband
v lozhn
the (theatre) box
nA
uPitsf'^]
in the street
less, smaller nearer
MCHbUie
mên^'shj^]
bPizht"]
=
E.g.
3.
[âl
In
post-tonic
syllables
after
soft consonant.
HHHH HMH AHAH

TCTH
[nân*'9]
nurse
(first)
[im^9] idâd^9]
lt''6t^9]
name
uncle
AHAHX TeTHM
C
[a dâd^9kh]
[t^6t^9ml
HHHHMH
JII06hT
[snân^9mî]
aunt about uncles to (the) aunts with nurses
OHH
[Anî Pub^9tl they love
-^
669
Continued
51
4.
[ya]
In post-tonic syllables:
(a) after
a vowel;
(b) after b.
E.g.
6ojibiiiaH
[bAl^shaya
a large
room
KOMHaia 6paTbH
py)KbH
komnata]
[brat^ya] brothers [ruzhya] (shot) guns [roya zêmPu] (while) digging
poH
aeMJiio
the
ground
H=
5.
IH^]
In the
er a soft
first
pretonic syllable, aft-
consonant.
E.g.
HHXaK MHCHOH
6yjib0M
[]Dî^tak]
[l
Tiî^snoy
bul^yon]
five-copeck coin broth, beef tea
H=
6.
[yi]
In the
first
pretonic syllable:
(a)
at the
beginning of a word;
(b)
after a vowel;
l;
(c) after
(d) after -b.
E.g.
H3bIK
HHBapb OH SaHBHJI HbHHerb OH og-bHBHJI
[yi^zfk] [yi^nvar^j [on zayi^vîl] [p^yi^n^'et^l [on Abyi^vîl]
language;
tongue
January he stated get drunk he announced
670
Continued
H~
'7-
t'll
(1)
In the second and other pretonic syllables (except the 1st) after a
soft consonant;
(2)
(3)
In a non-final post-tonic syllable; In a final post-tonic syllable before a soft consonant.
E.g.
HHTHjieTKa
[pîtîPetka]
[mîs^nîk^'i] MHCHHKH njiaHbi npHHHTH [plan* prînîtil
pbl6aKH BblTHHyjiH ceib
naMHTb
flCBHTb fleCHTb
[ribAkî vftînulî sêt^l [pamît^]

[dêv'-it*'!
five-year plan butchers the plans are accepted the fishermen drew out the net
memory
nine
ten
[d^feht^j
,
f.
^'
ly^^
In the second and other pretonic syllables (except the 1st):
(a)
at the
(b) after a
(c) after
beginning of a word; vowel;
b;
(d) after t*.
E.g.
5i3biKH
[yizikî]
languages;
tongues
H3biK0B0H [yizikAvoyl 3T0 HMH ync- [eta imî uyis^nî^no] Heno 9T0 6bijio HM [eta b*la im oe-bHCHeHO Abyis^'nî^no' [Ana bila OHa 6biJia Aji^ymî^na] onbjiHeHa
linguistic this has been
understood by them this was explained

to
them
she was intoxicated
671
sill
aftdrug-
one
dinner
II
TO
Si
TO
TO
the
window
contrary
">
TO
one,
another
as
general
o"o
CO
C c
CO
-t-
(the)
bus
the
the far
store
by
er
zoology
by
on for
on
as
one
in
c
>>
>4
A
a
0)
Vi
S::^!^ <
<
N
A
ex
-a
Î"^
< <
o o
o K
S a; K
cac^caô
oo
Is
1
11
<
A A
11
11
SS8
TO
672
u^
^
^ ^
ca
f2
s:
(A
'/3
^
a;
"^
*-
t^
!<1
u ^ c o
CO
3^
'-'-*-'
JZ
-J
^5.
>,
vn^cg
J2-J=;
C/O
>.
^)J^
*-
CO
(U
4) ui
nV. N
aj
^^
L_l|
1
JH-a
X5
s K
t;
|| B c
S
O) en 0)
K O O c;
J3
a3 o
\o vo
TO
\o
^
175
II
J3
z^-^
/'
II
3 3
CJ
CO
^ O CO
673
<v
"Q
^
3
sq
c/5
^
5
C3 il J3
ji:
CO
J2
CO
c3
to
(on)
scream,
to
el
3 O
washing
a
wants
himself
2|
^ CO
is
later
self)
have
to
>.
he
he
CO
c c
4
11
"
ll>
^-5
.
^
l__l
ex,
l_-J
.a"'
1
3
'.
^
3) J)
c/)
>
1 ^
^
2 X X
11
"g
2S
K o
?2 CO
OJ
<v ?5
5
H
(b
&
O C
TO
si
cr O O C
sr
1
S
m s
CQ
CO
vS
^ O
O
.. .-~.
O H u
CO
1
03
o C
M
?ij
ni
:(U t3
II
C
CO
^
se
o ^
^:g'
"-
~*
tr^ '^
<^
1=,^ ^
Ci.
~ ^^"^
J3
c^
II
i^
TT
(V)
^-S
11
in
II
^^ - -w ^
,
J3
^) 7"*.
i^
T*-*
II
II
1 OS
=r
-'^^
(=t
sg
=^
y H
3-
Kl
'
1
S
course
674
C^ *^
%>
TO <*-
hna
u_
^.
(/5
s
-^^
.f
J^
f^
-^p-z C
pu
<-i
certai
ii
-.EV^
what noth
some
CO
3J
^>JH
>> >>
03
0-1
t. 0;
u< 0)
Anna
beca
on
O
c/5
o.
o 8
<T)
c
.i2
<a
J2
v
1
(T)
J3
-4->
p_,
11
<
J3 J2
O
x:
c^2S
<:
^^1
^1
s 3* S H S
CT3
si
O
u: TO
C/)
H O
ja
x<
C3 4^
g5g c
s" ir
Ife
c?
SiJ
fefe
p^
3"
>^
'**
CO
i|^
^
III t3 C
.
<i)
^
in
patro
inclu
.s.
hn] nly
,1/^,
o_
175
^
'
''
-t:
'
'^-^
II
'
ffi
H
P*
II
II
II
i^ u.
cr [_
675
plum-pudding
march
12
reign
-a
S5
cu
43
to
n
a
>a >a
'to'
J)
ca
cx a.
2.
TO
12
CO
O
s O K
c^ en
^| o
ja ca
1
C3
CQ
CO
e
O
11
a:
S a
CO
=f
*
K O
c/;
"3
^
^
i2)
II
II
II
II II
II
ac
ca
o
CQ
676
want
black
himself
house
(jacket)
torn)
(along
house
you
house
(broad)
some
please
saved)
(got
his
pieces
day
dilapidated
do
see)?
saved
was
gone
seams)
coat
is
white
us
coffee,
wide
stream
long
whom here
(to
give
(he
has the
to
the
a ?
a
?
-r
he
E E
"f
'O
-;2
^1 II "^ II T3 ^ E c o^ >
r^
<V rJ3
E
1
'TO
^
CO
'TO
TO
rD
^.o) -s H
i |l
'O ex
rt.
o K
OTO o a
as'S
cx>.
w o s
1
1
1
-
if C ii 2
TO
1 1
1
1
o
pron gen,
ô
1
m,
a,
gen,
1=
flex
n,
sing;
sing)
m,
(in
n,
>>
!
II
II
II
677
Stresses
Words with Two
two. stresses (primary and secondary) are, in contrast with English, rather rare in Russian. They are long compound words, mostly technical and scientific terms, like paAHOjioKauHH [radîalAkatjiya] radar, the so-called compound-contracted" words, like napTSH/ieT [pardbîlêt] party [membership) card, and words with certain prefixes, like nocjicBoeKHbiH [pos^PivAyennty] post-war (a, m, nom, sing), TpaHcaTjiaHTHHecKHH [transAtlAn^fîchîskîy] transatlantic.
Words with
English-speaking learners must avoid giving secondary the second or third pretonic syllable of a long Russian word, as they do in pronouncing long English words. Cf demonstration [demanstreijn] with its Russian equivalent êMOHCTpauHH [dîmAnstratjiya] or electrification [ilektrifikeijn] with 3jieKTpH4)HKauH5i [elîktr^'ifîkatjiyg].
stress to
Sentence Stress
of the most important points of difference between Russian and English sentence stress. Personal and possessive pronouns very often bear a primary or secondary stress in a Russian sentence, especially when followed by unstressed syllables. Cf mm nepe;]iaBajiH
The following are some
nocjie^HHe
HSBecxHH
[ml
pîrîdAvaPi pAs^lêd^nîya
iz^-
vês^t^'iya] with you've been listening to the news. Some monosyllabic prepositions, like Ha [na] on, for, up, H3 [iz, -s] out of, from are stressed before certain nouns while the noun itself is not stressed, and both words are pronounced like a single word with the vowels of the noun obscured, e.g. na ropy [nagaru] uphill, h3 Jiecy [iz^'Pisu]
out of the forest. Some words, such as the relative pronoun KoiopbiH [kAtoriy] which (m, nom, sing), usually bear secondary
stress.
words, such as the conjunctions ho [no] but, to... to...] now... now, are never stressed but their vowels remain unobscured, e.g. ho 6bijio noa^HO [no bib pozna] but it was (too) late, to AO>KAb, to cojinue [to dosh^:, to s6nts9] now wet (rain), now fine (sunshine).
TO...
[to...
Some
Intonation
Russian differs from English not only in the form of its speech-tones, but also in their uses. Thus the fall in pitch
678
in the falling tone is less sharp and starts from a lower level in Russian than in English, and this tone is used not only in sentences expressing categoric" assertions, special questions*, commands and exclamations (the same as in English), but also in those expressing polite requests or invitations, which are pronounced in English with the rising or the falling-rising tone. Cf
Mbl rOTOBbl.
Kyfla
Bu HAeie?
CaAHTecb!
KaK KpacHBoI
CaflHxecb, no}KaJiyHCTa
^^*
down,
pi'
*
e. g.
f.
e. those beginning with an interrogative pronoun or adverb, who, what, when, where, etc.
679
The rising tone used in Russian interrogative sentences expressing ordinary, matter-of-fact general questions* is quite different in form from the rising tone used in English sentences of the same type. The Russian rise is steep, rapid and reaches a very high level in the last stressed syllable of the word in which it takes place. The English rise in this case usually starts from a low level, begins in the second half of the last stressed syllable and is rather slow. Cf
(Mne) qHTaib?
If the word in which the rise takes place ends in an unstressed syllable (or syllables), the steep and high Russian rise is followed by a slow descent in the final unstressed syllable(s). In an English word of this type the last stressed syllable is pronounced on a low level pitch while the rise occurs in the final unstressed syllable(s). Cf
Bu
roTOBbi?
This English
in English,
when
it
typical of ordinary yes or no questions be used in a Russian general question only implies at the same time perplexity, doubt or surrise,
may
prise, e.g.
(Mne) qHTaxb?
(Do you really mean) I must read?
i.
e.
those requiring yes or no for the answer.
680
Bbi roTOBbi?
(Do you really mean to say) you are ready?
English-speaking learners must take special care not to use this type of rise in an ordinary general question in Russian, because it is likely to sound strange, and even comic, to the Russian ear. Both types of rise may be used, however, in a non-final sense-group in a Russian sentence, e.g.
Ilocjie o6e;ta
OH ry jiaer.
or
or
'
d9,
falling-rising tone, as in the second variant of the sense-group in the above sentence, should also be avoided in speaking Russian. Any more detailed description or a more exact representation of Russian intonation, as, indeed, of the whole sound system of Russian, would be beyond the scope of the present work.
first
The
ESSAY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RUSSIAN SOUNDS AND LETTERS

By Morris Halle
As is well known, Russian, unlike English, has an orthography that consists of a small number of general rules to which there are few exceptions. Learning to read Russian is, therefore, only a minor hurdle for the Russian first grader. In certain cases, however, this very regular orthography tends to obscure the grammatical structure of the words. It both hides true connections among certain forms and suggests false connections among others. Since the foreigner learning Russian inevitably is heavily dependent on the written word, he is all too frequently misled by this regular orthography, and his time is needlessly wasted. It is my hope that the comments below will help the learner avoid at least some of these false paths.
Many
Russian consonants appear
in
two
distinct varieties,
consonants are produced by placing the tongue in a position that is appropriate for the sound [p] as in "you" or [i] as in "ski," while the rest of the vocal tract is simultaneously made to assume the primary In producing nonarticulation of the consonant in question. palatalized consonants, the primary consonant articulation is accompanied by a retraction of the tongue somewhat like that in producing the sounds [w] as in "water" or [u] as in "tune." We shall call consonants that appear in both varieties before all vowels paired consonants and distinguish them from unpaired consonants, which appear in only one variety before a given vowel. Russian has 24 paired consonants: ^
palatalized
and nonpalatalized.
Palatalized
pbfvm
51,
tdszn
d^
s^
Ir
l^*
pB
ft
v^
m^*
t^
z^
n^
r^
1 The symbols employed in this essay are those in to Russian Pronunciation," immediately preceding.
"A Guide
682
and 9 unpaired consonants:

k
g
kh
ch^
sh
zh
sh^:^
ts
A. The Orthography of Paired Consonants

not possess separate consonant from nonpalatalized paired Instead, palatalization or its absence in a paired consonants. consonant is signaled by the following letter. If the consonant stands before a vowel, palatalization or its absence is indicated by the following vowel letter, and for this reason the Russian alphabet has twice as many vowel letters as there are distinct vowels in the language. The five letters a a bi ^ o y indicate that a preceding paired consonant is nonpalatalized; the letters bhji H e H^ e* K) that it is palatalized. E.g., Bdji "billow" "limp"; h6c "nose" nee "(he) carried"; hmji "ardor" If the paired consonant is not before a nHJi "(he) drank." i.e., if it stands before a consonant or at the end of a vowel palatalization is signaled by a special letter, the "softword sign" B, which is written after the consonant. The absence of a "soft-sign" in this position indicates that the paired consonant E.g., h^jib "dust" is nonpalatalized. hbiji "ardor"; b^cb "all" B^c "weight"; r6pBKa "bitter" r6pKa "little moun tain" (pej.) An immediate consequence of this spelling convention is that suffixes beginning with a vowel will appear in two graphic forms, one after stems ending in palatalized consonants and the other after stems ending in nonpalatalized consonants. iVloreover, Russian has grammatical forms in which the stem appears withletters
The Russian alphabet does

to
distinguish
palatalized
2 It would have been more correct to regard sh^: as the phonetic reflex of the sequence shch^. To motivate this departure from strict correspondence with the spelling system would take us too far afield, and we shall, therefore, regard sh^: as a single unit. ' The letters h and bi represent the (single) vowel /i/, in spite of rather striking phonetic differences in the reflexes of this vowel in position after palatalized and nonpalatalized consonants. 4 The diaeresis is written only when the vowel is stressed and even then is frequently omitted. More on the spelling of /o/
will
be given
later.
683
out suffix or in more technical language, in which the stem appears before a zero suffix. The zero suffix will be represented by the "soft-sign" if the stem ends in a palatalized consonant, but will remain unrepresented in the orthography if the stem ends in a nonpalatalized consonant.^ It is, therefore, not surprising that the Russian declension, which consists primarily in adding vocalic suffixes to consonantal stems, should present a highly varied picture at first sight. Once the way in which Russian is spelled is taken into account, however, much of the variety in the spellings is revealed as a reflection of a much simpler underlying system. As shown in the following table, the case suffixes of a masculine noun ending in a nonpalatalized consonant such as ctoji "table" are (with the exception of the gen. pi.) exactly identical with those of a masculine noun ending in a palatalized consonant such as p;^jTB "steering wheel." The same holds true (without exception) of the case suffixes of feminine nouns with palatalized and nonpalatalized stems; e.g., pLi6a "fish" and hhhh "nurse."
Singular Plural
Norn. Ace. CTOJI
Gen.
Dat.
Instr.
CTOJid,
pyJiB pyjiH
CTOJ16
ctoji6b CTOJI^M
pyjiH
pyjiefi
CTOjiy ctoji6m
CTOJie
pyji6 pyjiGM
pyjie
CTOJidMH
CTOJidx
PLi6li
pyjiHM pyjIHMH
pyjiax
Prep.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat. Ace.
Instr.
pLi6a
pî6i>i
HHHa
HHHTT HflHe
PLI6
HHHH HHHb
HflHHM
Prep.
pbi6e pbi6y pH6ofi pLi6e
pbi6aM
pbi6
HHHIO
HHHefi
pbi6aMH
pbi6ax
HHHe
HHHb HHHHMH HHHHX

(1) It
The preceding
will
table requires
two further comments.
be observed that the suffix /e/ of the prep. sg. and of the dat. sg. fem. has one, instead of the expected two representations.
5 In the gen. pi. masc, nouns with stems ending in a palatalized consonant take a different suffix than nouns with stems
ending
in
a nonpalatalized consonant.
684
pBi6e.
Rather than the expected ctoji6 and pbi69 we get cTOjie and This is because in Russian words only palatalized paired consonants can appear before the vowel /e/.^ (2) In the instr. sg.
(second declension) nouns, the suffix -oft is paralexpected -efi. This is due to the fact that Russian spelling does not distinguish unaccented /o/ and /e/ in position after palatalized consonants.^ This explains also the appearance of the letter e in the nom./acc. sg. suffix of neuter nouns with stems ending in a palatalized consonant, e.g., nojie "field," M6pe "sea." The letter e here represents unaccented /o/ as is clear by comparing it with neuter nouns such as 6ejii.e "laundry," and okh6 "window," where the suffix is accented, and MecTo "place," where the stem ends in a nonpalatalized consonant.8
suffix of fern,
leled
by
-efi instead of the
B.
1.
The Orthography of the Unpaired Consonants
The Transcription of /y/ of a word and in position between a vowel and a consonant, /y/ is transcribed by the letter fi, e.g., rep6fl "hero,"
At the end
KO(J)eiiHfl
"coffee house."
At the beginning of a word, where /y/ is obligatorily followed by a vowel, the vowel letter represents both the vowel and the preceding /y/. The letter used to represent the two sounds
the vowel letter which elsewhere^signals palatalization in the preceding paired consonant, e.g., ejiKa "Christmas tree," a^
is
8 The vowel /e/ follows nonpalatalized consonants in foreign words,- but in most of these the letter e, rather than the expected 3 is written; e.g., Ka6ape "cabaret," Kamne "scarf." The letter 9 appears in only a few words, of which c^p "Sir" and M^p
are the most common. the suffix is accented, the expected -eft is written; e.g., seMjieft "land," Kjiemngfi "claw" (of shellfish). 8 Russian orthography has always had difficulty with the vowel /o/ after palatalized consonants. As was remarked by Academician A. I. Sobolevskij; "The Old Russian scribe did not know how to transcribe o after these consonants (just as we still do not know how to transcribe it)." JIeKÎÎ no hctophh pyccKoro asLiKa (Moscow, 1907), p. 61. On further difficulties with this vowel, see below.
^
"mayor"
If
685
"poison," e^y "(I) travel," lor "South," also jâro "(I) give," aae'M "(we) give," ctoht "(they) stand," hx "their." ^ In position between a consonant and a vowel, /y/ is represented by either the "hard-sign" -b or the "soft-sign" b. The
former
is
used after prefixes (Russian as well as foreign), the

e.g.,
latter isûsed elsewhere;
noAtgM
"rise," oe-LeKT "object,"

Sejibro
but jil6t "pours," cTaTta "article,"

sg.).'"
"laundry"
(dat.
Taking these conventions into consideration the exact paralbetween the case forms of nouns with stems ending in /y/ and other nouns becomes immediately apparent:
lelism
Nom.
Sg.
Gen. Sg.
Ace. Sg.
army dpMHH dpMHH

dpMHK)
dpMHfi
fish
hero
table
ct6ji
pBi6a
pli6li
Nom.
Sg. rep6ii
Gen. Sg.
Dat. Sg.
Instr. Sg.
rep6fl
pbi6y
rep6K)
Instr. Sg. dpMHefi:
Gen.
PI.
p66oS p66
singing
Nom.
PI.
rep6eM repdn
cTOjid ctoji^ ctoji6m

ctojili
place
Nom.
Sg.
n^HHe
Gen. Sg.
Dat. Sg.
Instr. Sg.
neHHH
neHHK)
n^HHBM
neHHfi
Gen.
PI.
m^cto M^CTa M^cTy MecTOM m^ct
At the end of Russian, words certain consonant sequences are not admitted, and a vowel (either /e/ or /o/) is inserted before the last consonant. Thus, for instance, in place of the expected
pi. cyaB6 (cf. nom. sg. cyHi>6d), we have cfji,e6 "fate^" instead of 6kh, 6koh "window," or instead of k63ji, kos^ji Among the consonant clusters that require the "billy goat." insertion of a vowel before the zero suffix are those ending in /y/. Hence, the gen. pi. forms of cxaTta (= /stat^ya/) "article,"
gen.
Certain foreign words do not follow this rule. In these words, transcribed by the letter fi; e.g., fi6A "iodine," Hbio fl6pK "New York," rather than ejs, and Htro EpK. 1 Since /y/ is always palatalized, the vowel following it is usually transcribed by the letters signaling palatalization in Exceptions to this rule are found in the paired consonants. spelling of foreign words; cf., ftn. 9.
9
/y/
is
686
(= /sêmVa/) "family," and cbhhbh (= /svîn^ya/) "pig" are, respectively, not craTfi (= /stat^y/), ceMfi (=/sêm^y/), cBHHft (= /svîn^y/), but cxaTeii, cbm^jS, cbhH^fi;^^ i.e., fornis that parallel exactly the above-mentioned
ceMBit
cyAe6, OKOH, Koaeji.
2.
T/j^ Transcription of
Vowels
after
Unpaired Consonants
The
rules for the spelling of vowels after unpaired consonants
are poorly motivated from the point of view of modern Russian. This is the area where Russian schoolmasters lord it over their pupils, who in these cases have only their memory to fall back on. After /k/ /g/ /kh/, the vowels are represented by h, e, a, o, y. After /y/, the vowels are normally represented by h, e, h, e, ^. In a few foreign words we find also o; e.g., Hbk) li6pK, "New York," li6fl" iodine," K0MnaHi.6H "partner." After the remaining unpaired consonants /ch^ sh zh sh^: ts/, /a/ /e/ /u/ are represented by the letters a e y; e.g., KapaHâmd "pencil" (gen. sg.), 06 OTiê "concerning father" (prep, sg.),
"comrade" (dat. sg.) The vowel /i/ is represented by the letter h after /ch^ shV; e.g., Mojinfi "be silent," mHTb "to sew," hchtb "to
TOBd,pHii^y
sh zh
live,"
After /ts/ the vowel /i/ is represented by n^HT "shield." in declensional suffixes; e.g., Kyi^Lifi "docktailed," Mojioai;^ "good fellows," neBHBi "singers," whereas in stems both h and e.g., i^fipK "circus," but ^BI^dH "gypsy"; Bi appear; i^H(j)pa "figure," but i;bipk)jibhhk "barber." In any event, this is a purely arbitrary convention that must be learned by rote since the consonant [ts] is always nonpalatalized and the following
/i/
is
pronounced
[+].
The most complicated

suffix
rule governs the representation of /o/
after /ch^ sh zh sh^: ts/.
which adjoins a stem ending
At the beginning of a declensional in any of these five consonants,
o is written if the suffix is accented, e is written if the suffix is unaccented. As a result, in the declension of the comparative degree of the adjective 66jiBmHfi "bigger" the suffixes are spelled
" somewhat special spelling rule requires that when the stress does not fall on the last syllable, the inserted vowel be transcribed by h, hence r6cTHii "(woman) guest" (gen. pi.).
687
with e, while in the declension of the positive degree 6ojii>m62 the suifixes are spelled with o:
Gen. Sg.
Dat. Sg.
66jii>mero
6ojibm6ro
66jibmeMy Prep. Sg. 66 jibmcM

1
6ojibm6My 6ojibmoM
the declension:
njieH6 JIH^6
jiHn,6M
"shoulder'
hohc6m
6opm6M
Bene cepAê
"face" "face" (instr. "knife" "beet soup
sg.)
"common
"heart"
council" (in old Novgorod)
cepAêM
MymcM
"heart" (i nstr. sg.) "husband' (instr. sg.)

'
TOBdpnmeM "comrade"
(instr. sg.)
This rule holds only for the declensional suffixes; it is not observed in the conjugation of the verbs where /o/ in accented suffixes i^ represented by e, and by e in unaccented suffixes; e.g., BBAeM "(we) lead," neneM "(we) bake," mohccm "(we) can," jieaeM "(we) crawl." In the majority of roots, o is written after hc, m, m, i;, h, ii the stress falls on the /o/ in all derived and inflected forms; if the stress is not fixed on the /o/, e or e is written. Hence, we find o in H6KaTbCH "to clink glasses," m6pox "rustle," but e and e in jKejiTbifi "yellow," adj., jKSJiTeTb "yellow," vb., menoT "whispers,"^ noun, menT^Tb "whisper," vb., jKtoi "women,"
nom.
pi.,
jKeHbi
"woman,"
gen. sg.^^
3.
The
''soft-sign" after
in
ac
the "soft-sign" b is written in forms with After Ht H a zero suffix of 3rd declension feminine nouns to distinguish these from forms with zero suffix of other nouns, e.g.,
12
In foreign words,
this
convention does not hold;
e.g.,
moKOJidA "chocolate," mocce "highway," moêp "chauffeur."
3rd Declension
2nd Declension
Kpbim
'
Mbimb
Jl6HCb
"mouse"
"lie"
K6m
H6Hb B^mb
"night" "thing"
p6m
1st Declension
'roof" (gen. pi.) 'skin" (gen. pi.) 'cloud " (gen. pi.) 'grove " (gen. pi.)
KaMbim "reed"
h6hc
Bpd^
66pm
The
"knife" " "physician "beet soup
"soft-sign" thus functions as a purely grammatical, rather than as a phonetic marker. It appears in this function also in the infinitive forms in nh and in the 2 sg. pres.; e.g., 6epeHb "save," ne^b "bake," uoud^h "help," Beaemb "(you) carry, drive," BH^Hinb "(you) see," x6êmb "(you) want."
^^^
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
3
Withdrawn from UF. Surveyed
lEt.2
QMMDEbSB
to Internet Archive
UO

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UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive

2011 with funding from

IVIembers and Sloan Foundation

on orthography by Morris Halle

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts

All Rights Reserved

Library of Congress Catalogue Card

The Russian Alphabet

Use the Dictionary

Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary

Grammar Tables and Grammar Tables

Guide to Russian Pronunciation, by V. A. Vassilyev

Essay on the Relationship between Russian Sounds and

The Russian Alphabet

There has long been a need for a dictionary designed especially

Compiling This Book

HayKCCCP, HHCTHTyT pyccKoro

TO USE THE DICTIONARY GENERAL REMARKS

pi -u, -6b floor {of a room). -u, -6b biol sex;...

tion in one or more grammatical the same way as homonyms.

[d^n^om] adv by day,... [d^n^om] see AeHb.

Notes on Type and Arrangement.

Mcxejilb [m^i^t^eP] / -h -eft snow-storm. [Read: Mexejib... MeiejiH, MCTeJiefl...]

^htb no-pyccKH speak Russian; Moscow calling;...

[Read: roBopHTb no-pyccKH...; roBopHT MocKsa...]

to the point, opportunely;...

<^ BO Becb (portrait); 3)

Idiomatic phrases, face type after the

m -a, -oBbot laurel, bay(-tree); M reap' laurels; noHHTb Ha '-ax

only; could leave today.

Square brackets are also used to point out the grammatword.

Words used preferably

or exclusively in set phrases or

given after the set phrase.

Obvious synonyms. For instance, the Russian word"Jio>Kb'*

mean here "come

nojiio6|MTb [paPub^'it^] perf... love with.

.limit of time, etc:

before the concert.

The nouns are given

Next come the

[Read: jickuhsi... gen sing jickuhh,

aBT66yc [Aftobus, -z] m -a, -oe bus;... asTodyca, asToSycoB]

-6b earthen bank.

a monosyllable and the inflection

true of adjectives, verbs, pronouns, and numerals.

the oblique case form

no stress mark, the stress in on the first syllable.

[Read: AHKapb... AHKapn, flHKapeft...]

form only are given with

the genitive plural and are designated pi.

Bec|w [v^i^si] pi -OB scales, balance.

Nouns mostly used in manner as plural nouns.

clusively in the plural, the indicated in the dictionary.

one of the meanings of a noun is used mostly or exnominative plural form is

B03M6}KHocT|b [vAzm6zhn9s^t^, -z^'d^] / possibility; 2. opportunity, chance;... tialities; means...

Indeclinable nouns have the designation indecl after the gender.

Adjectives, numerals, and

pronouns which may be used

BoeHHJbiH [vAyennty] I a military,... as a noun BoeHH|biH m -oro, -wx serviceman,

latter {of two);

{no n), -u sick...

comp & super l