SBR

/ /

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:
:
:
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
:

5

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.
o
o
.
.
o


o
: -
:
:
.
.
.
.
.
. :
:
o
o

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o :
.
:
. :
o
o
o
:
o
o SBR
o SBR
o SBR
o
o SBR
o
o
o SBR
o

:
:
.
Glossary .
7

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)Chapter (1
Domestic waste Water
Physical & Chemical Characters

 SBR
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Principles of Wastewater
Biological Treatment

.



.

: .
- -
- -

.

.
.

) : ( .
9

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.
)(
.


.

Introduction , Definitions and Concepts

:
) (Quality
.
.
)(TDS

Dissolved Solids

Total

?
?
?

10

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:

Physical Standards of Water
- : Colour
Humus . Peat
) (
Tannin .... Algae .
natural Minerals .
.

- Odour and Taste :

) (

.
.

11

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- Temperature :
-
) ( / /
//.

- : Turbidity
Colloidal Coarse
Turbulance .

. Silt
.
.

/

- TS

Total Solids

.

Volatile TS

non Volatile TS

(Total Dissolved Solids ) TDS Volatile DS DS

12

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non Volatile Suspended

) Total Suspended Solids ( TSS
Volatile SS non SS
Volatile
)Total Solids ( TS

TDS

Volatile DS

non volatile DS

TSS

non Volatile SS

volatile SS

.
E

H2O CO2

CX ( H2O ) y

X C + Y H20

C+ O2

CO2

13

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Settleable Solids

.

:

Chemical Standards of Water
- ) PH- Value( PH
// /
]PH= log 1/ [H+]= - log [H+
PH 14 - 0 7 .
PH PH
.

- : Acidity
.
) ( HCO3,H2 CO3 ( H2O + CO2) : )(H+
.
14

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PH 8.5
PH 8.5
.

: Alkalinity

)( Bases :
OH

CO

HCO ,

) (

:
.

- ) ( Water hardness
Mn+ , Fe+, Sr+, :
Mg +, Ca+ SO+ , CO-
.
. Problem
Scaling

15

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) (HARD WATER
:

- )( EC

) ( Electrical Conductance

: Specific Conductance
)(.

=K

) : .(
: K ) ( / :. )/
( mohs /cm) / ( . Siemens /cm

16

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) ( TDS :
)TDS= 0.8(1.02) Cond.( mohs/cm
= TDS : )/(
= T )(
= Cond /

). (0.90 -0.55
ss
TDS

)K( mohs/cm

0.05

1.5

7o

7 oo

50 ooo

17

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- )Biochemical Oxygen Demand:(BOD

BOD
.
DO
. BOD5

/ )/ ( .

- )Chemical Oxygen : (COD

Demand
BOD5
.... COD
.
COD BOD

. COD .
COD : /
.

18

 SBR
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- )Total Organic Carbon: ( TOC

) - (
CO2
. ) ( COD) ( TOC
BOD
.

- )The Most Probable Number :( MPN

) Coliform (
enteric pathogens
. Coliform
.
.

.
) ( MPN )( / /
).(MPN100 ml

19

 SBR
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: Solutions

// .
S : HNO3
NaCl . NaOH
S : CO(NH2)2

. C6H12O6

S : CH3COOH
. NH4OH
: .
.

// // .

. AS2S3 .
// .

20

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.

. .

// .
: AgI,AgBr,AgCl
: .

?
?
?
?

)( .
.
) (.
.

21

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&
)Chapter (2
wasteWater treatment
type & method of treatment

22

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)) ((



.
. .
.


.

:


,
.

23

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:
) . ( BOD
) . ( COB
) . ( TOC
) . ( TOD

) ( COD ). (BOD

) (BOD

-/ ) ( BOD
/
/ .

:
:
- .
- .
- .
24

 SBR
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- .
-
.

:
1 ) Preliminary Treatment(
2 ) Primary Treatment (.
3 )Secondary or Biological Treatment -(.
4 ) Sludge Treatment (.
5 ) Tertiary Treatment (.

25

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- :
Preliminary Treatment

:
:
:
.
:
.

26

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:
:

..

27

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- :
Primary Treatment

) (SS )(BOD
.
) ( %70-60
.%30-20

- :
Secondary or Biological Treatment

% 40-30 % 70-60
.

) (Biomass

.
28

 SBR
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:
. .
. .
. .
. ) ( .
.
.

:
) + ( ) + + )
((


:
) ( + )
+ + +( .
:
). (Reactor or Aeration Tank
.
)( Secondary or Final Sedimentation (Clarification) Basin

29

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:
,

. :
: .
: .
: .
: .

) (






) (

. .

30

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:
:
v .
v
.
v .
v .
v .
v

.

.

:
- : .
- : .
- .
- : .
- .
- ) ( :
0.3m/min 20-40 .

31

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,
,

,
,

- ,

, - ,

, -,

32

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:



.

- .
-
.
-

.

:
-
-
- ) (

33

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( :

% %


.

( :

34

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:

:

) . (Aerated Lagoon
).(Biological or Trickling Filters
.(Rotationg Biological Contactors):
. (Stabilization ponds ) :

): (Activated Sludge



. :
v .
v .
v .
v .
v .
v .
35

 SBR
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. :

. :

:
- .
- .
.
- .
- .
.

. :
:
-
.
.
36

 SBR
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- .
-

. :
) (BOD


. ) (BOD
.
/ ) ( F/ M
) (BOD ( Volqtile
) Suspended Solids- VSS .

. .

. :
:
. :

.

37

 SBR
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. :
.
. : .

- :
Tertiary Treatment

.


.


.

: Disinfection

%

38

 SBR
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) (
/
) . ( .

S :
- .
- .
S :
//
. most probable number-MPN
. MPN = 0
S :
-.
- .
- .
- .

39

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- Liquid Gas Chlorine

S : )(.

S : ) (. .
S
.

Cl2 + H2O HOCl + H+ + Cl

S pH .
S pH Contact time
S .
S :

NH2Cl +H2O +H+

HOCl + NH4+

NHCl2 +H2O

HOCl + NH2Cl

NCl3 +H2O

S :
-
- pH
-
40

NHCL2 + Hocl

 SBR
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-
-
-
- Prechlorination
.
- / / ) / (
/.
- // .

41

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)/(

- :

)(H2s

)(- / H2s

) (- / H2s

H2s

- :

)( B O D5

) (-. / BOD5

.-.

-
-

-:

42

 SBR
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- ) (Sodium Hypochlorite ) ( Naocl

) ( Na+ pH .

) ( % / .

- ) ( Chlorine Dioxide ) ( ClO2

) ( Naocl2 ) (pH ) (

:
Hocl + 2CLO2 2 CLO2 + CL + OH

) ( Ozone ) ( O3

v : ) ( 2000
-
-
v :
- pH
-
) / ( .
43

 SBR
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) ( BOD /

) ( BOD / .

) (

) ( :

%

44

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:

.

:



.


))
... ((.

.

.

.. :



45

 SBR
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) (
. PH
. ) (


.
PH

) (




.

.. :

) (


/ / .

.
PH .

46

 SBR
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.. :

:
.a

:



.

.b

:
.

.c

:
) (

.



.


.
47

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)Chapter (3
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT USING
sequencing batch reactors
- Sbr -

48

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The Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR):

:
) (SBR
.
.
.
. SBR

.

SBR
.
SBR .
SBR .
EPA ) SBR
( .
49

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SBR
. .
.
SBR ) ( ICEAS
) (ICEAS .
SBR . ICEAS
SBR .

:SBR
-- . SPR
.SPR

.
.
.
. F/M .
F/M
.
SPR
.
.

50

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-- ) (
. SPR ) (RAS
) (PS . SBR
.
.
SBR - -
.

)(
.

SBR

--

51

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SBR
.
. SBR
) ( TSS ) ( BOD ) 400-500
. ( mg/L SBR
SBR .
SBR .

SBR .
SBR
.
.

52

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: SBR
SBR ) 5 MGD (
) .( 21,500 m/d

.
. SBR
. SBR
.

53

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: SBR
SBR :

: SBR
) (
.
.
.
.
.

54

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: SBR
) (
.
) (
.

. SBR

.
SBR .
) (

:

.
:
.
.
BOD5 .
55

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TSS .
.PH
.
.
TKN .
NH3-N .
TP .
.

) . ( NPDES :
.
.BOD5
.TSS
. :
).(TN
.TKN
.NH3-N
.TP

56

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. SBR
NH3-N TKN .
) (TN .

. SBR
.
:

0.15-0.6/day

0.15-0.4/day

4.0-24 hours

4.0 hours

2000-4000 mg/L

2000-2500 mg/L

6-14 hours

F/M

MLSS

--


.
.
57

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.
SBR
:
.
.
.
.
.
) (
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
.

. SBR

58

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) ( .
) (F/M
.

.
- .
.
.

- .
) (BNR
. .

)( . .

.
.
.

.
- - - .
59

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. .
SBR .

. SBR
.

. SBR .
.

: SBR
SBR
SBR . SBR .
SBR . --
.

60

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- - : SBR

Size
)(HP

No.

Volume
)(MG

Size
)(feet

No.

)(MGD

15

0.021

18 12

0.012

7.5

0.069

24 24

0.10

125

0.908

80 80

1.2

40

0.479

58 58

1.0

60

0.678

69 69

1.4

40

0.910

87 87

1.46

75

0.958

82 82

2.0

200

1.556

104 80

4.25

125

1.359

87 87

5.2

) (BNR SBR
) . (RAS
) (MLSS .
SBR
.
. SBR SBR
2 / SBR
. SBR
) (10 MGD .

61

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:
SBR .
SBR
.

:SBR

:
.
.
.
.
.

.PLC
.
.
.
. SBR

SBR .

.
.

62

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63

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. SBR .

.
.
.
.

.

64

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:
.
.

.

: SBR
SBR
. BOD BOD ). % (85-95

SBR :
.10 mg/L : TSS
.5-8 mg/L : TN
.1-2 mg/L : TP

:
SBR
. ) RAS
65

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( .


. MLSS SBR
/
.
SBR

. SBR
.
SBR
. BNR .

66

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SBR

67

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...
= 1200 Per 2000
= 50 L/d
gr 40 = BOD5
gr 60 =SS
=

= 2000 50 10 3 = 100m3 / d
TKN= 100 mg/L
NH4-N = 60 mg/L

:
(

:BOD5
40 g/p.d :
= BOD5

= 2000 40 = 80000 gr / d = 80 Kg / d
= 2000 40 = 80000 gr / d = 80 Kg / d
BOD :

80
=0.8 Kg/m
100
68

= CBOD

 SBR
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= 800 mg/L
v BOD
.

/ SS / :
= 2000 60 = 120Kg/d =SS
:
120
= 1.2Kg/m = 1200 mg/L v
100

= Css COD

69

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--

Qr Q

)
(

MLSS,

Volumetri
c loading

mg/L

LbBOD5/

Q, hour

F/M, lbBOD5
applied/d/lb
a

MLVSS

c , d

d/ 10 /cu
ft

0.25-0.75

4-8

1500-3000

20-40

0.2-0.4

5-15

0.25-1.0

3-5

2500-4000

50-120

0.2-0.6

5-15

0.25-0.75

3-5

2000-3500

40-60

0.2-0.4

5-15

0.05-0.25

1.5-3

200-1000

75-150

1.5-5.0

0.2-0.5

)(0.5-1.0
0.5-1.50

)(1000-3000

)(4000-10 000
(3-6) C

0.2-0.6

60-75

5-15

0.5-1.50

18-36

3000-6000

10-25

0.05-0.15

20-30

1.0-5.0

2-4

4000-10 000

100-1000

0.4-1.5

5-10

0.25-0.5

1-3

2000-5000

100-200

0.25-1.0

3-10

0.75-1.50

8-36

3000-6000

5-30

0.05-0.30

30-10

NA

12-50

1500-5000

5-15

0.05-0.30

NA

NI

0.5-5

NI

NI

0.5-5.0

NI

0.50-1.50

6-15

2000-3500

5-20

8-20

0.50-2.00

3-6

2000-3500

3-9

15-100

0.10-0.25
(0.02-0.15) d
0.05-0.20
d

70

)(0.04-0.15

SBR
www.4enveng.com

/ /

()
a

MLSS = mixed liquor volatile suspended solids

Contact unit

Solids stabilization unit

Total kjeldahl nitrogen /MLVSS

MLSS varies depending on the portion of the operating cycle.

NA = not applicable.
NI = no information.

:
MLSS = 5000mg / L ()
:MLSS ) ( MLVSS
MLSS % (65-75 ) = MLVSS

MLVSS = 5000 0.75 = 3750mg / L = 3750 gr / m3

: F:M :
F/M = 0. 1 KgBOD5/KgMLVSS.d

71

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:
:
: SBR
: .
: .

0.5m

SBR

: :
:
v .
v .

72

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v SBR .

SBR

) . mg/L ( 0.2- 1

:
:Per 2000
Q = 100 m/d
) :(24 hr
V=100 m

:
.
2.5m 0.5m .3m
:

100
= 33 .33m 2
3

0.5m

73

=A

 SBR
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6m 5.7= b = L
(6 * 6 * 3 ) m :

:
& SBR:

V = 2g h
h: )SBR
(:

V = ( 2 9.81 0.5) = 3.13m / s

:
0.5:
) 1: (.
:

V2
V2
V2
2 g h
h = 1
+ 0.5
= 1.5
= V
2g
2g
2g
1.5
3.13
= 2.5m / s
1 .5

=V

V
100
=
= 0.019 m3 / s
t 1.5 60 60

=q

74

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q 0.019
=
= 7.6 10 3 m 2
v
2 .5
4S
= 0.098m = 98mm 100mm

=S

.d 2
=S
= d
4
d= 100 mm

) ( )
(:
) (
) (8-12 Watt/m
V= 100m
= 1200 Watt

= 300 Watt = 1200/4
) (3 Watt/m ) ( 25m
) (.

75

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: :SBR
SBR 100m
100m ) (24hr 100m 100m
.

:
: SBR

0.5

14

1.5

:
) % (1-2 .
) (hr 12-50 .
) % (20-30
) ( NO 3 N 2
.
1 0 . 28 = 3 .5d
.

76

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SBR :
100m

V=200m :

) ( - -

. : F/M
BOD = F

= 2000 40 = 80000 gr = 80 Kg
5000mg/L =MLSS:
MLVSS 3750 mg/L (g/m) = MLVSS

V MLVSS 200 3750

=
= 750 Kg
1000
1000

=M

:F/M

F
80
=
= 0.12
M 750

77

 SBR
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) (0.3-0.05

. :
80
= 0.4 Kg / m3 .d
200
)Lb/d/10cu ft (5-15

Lb/d/10cu ft *0.016 =Kg/m.d

0.4
= 25Lb / d / 103 cuft 15
0.016
:

350m

100
= 0.28
350

( :F/M
F =80Kg

350 3750
= 1313Kg
1000

78

=M

 SBR
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80
= 0.06 Kg / Kg.d
1313

= F /M

)(0.05-0.3

( :
80
0.23
=
= 13.75 Lb / 10 3 cuft
350 0.016
)Lb/d/10cu ft(15-5

:Start up
SBR
350 m 100 m
100 m ....

100 m

350 m
250 m

MLSS =5000

79

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:
:5m

350
= 70m3
5

=S

d2
4S
=S
= d
= 9.4m
4

) (15 .

:SBR
1 Kg ). ( 1.6 -1.4 Kg/O2
1 KgBOD : 1.6 KgO2
) = 1.6 Q ( S 0 Se

= 1.6 100 (800 30) 10 3

= 124 Kg / d
: ) (M& E 286-287

80

 SBR
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) (T 20

www.4enveng.com

AOTR
* B * FA C
* 1 . 024
C SW

SW

= SOTR

:
: SOTR .
: AOTR .
Csw= 9.08 mg/L O2
B= 0.95
FA = 1
C = 2mg/L
= 0.85

* 0 . 85

) (20 20

124
9 . 08 * 0 . 95 * 1 2

* 1 . 024
9 . 08

= SOTR

= 199 . 9 = 200 Kg / d
: 1.5
= 1.5 * 200 = 300 kg /d
: 1.201 kg/m3
23.2%
) =300/( 1.201*0.232
81

 SBR
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=1077 m3/d
)(30% = 1077 /0.3 =3590 m3/d
) ( 10 cm
.

:
SS=120Kg:
) : PX = Yobs Q ( S0 S e

S 0 = 800 mg / L

BOD5

S e = 30 mg / L

BOD5

Y
) (1 + Kd . C

= Yobs

Y = ( 0 .4 0 .8) 0 .6

Kd = ( 0 .04 0 .075 ) 0 .04

C = 25day
0.6
= 0.3
)(1 + 1

= 23 Kg

= Yobs

PX = 0 .3 100 (800 30 ) 10

82

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/ /

23
)( = 31Kg
0 .75

=8Kg

:
:

.
.

) (30-20 .

) (3-5 / .

30 100 m :

100 30
= 50m3
60

= V = Q t

1.5m :

V
= 34 m 2
H
7m . 5m
W=1m
:L
83

= S

 SBR
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L = 5 7 = 35 m

L
40
W

24

L
= 35
W

H
2
W

H
1 .5
=
= 1 . 5 2
W
1
:

2
5 = 3 . 33 m
3

.
:
10 gr/m =10 mg/L

Nacl cl + Na +
35.5
10

74.5
X

X = 21gr
84

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) NaOcL (
Y gr

Y = 2100gr
100
7m
W=1m

5m

:
)(.

85

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/ /

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: :

99%
: 1 ) (1000 Kg 990
10
31
=
10

= 3.1m3

5 m
h = 3m
:

V 5
= = 1.67 m 2
h 3

d2
4S
=S
= d
= 1.5m
4

:
:

%99 )96%
(
31
=
40

=S

= m3 0.8

86

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: :
20 day .12 cm
:

20 0.8
= 133m2
0.12
133m
:

133
= 14.8 15m2
9
5 m 3 m . 40 cm
1 m .
.
) ( .
...
20
......
:
.

87

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:

.

:
) ( 1.5-2.5m/s
:

: : SBR
.100 mm

: SBR :
SBR .

Q = 100 m 3 / d
V 100 m3
= =q
= 0.055 m3 / s = 55l / s
t 30 60

v = (1.5 2.5)m / s

:
88

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v = 2.5m / s

q 0.055
=
= 0.028 m 2
v
2

= q = vS S

d 2
=S

4
4S
=d
= 0.19 0.2 m

d = 200mm
& SBR
) (100 m
2 hr . 0.5 hr

) 100 m ( .
: SBR :
) (15 - 5
.100 mm

V = 3.1m3

:
:

V = 3.1 3 = 9.3 10m3

89

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V
10
=
= 0.017m3 / sec
t 10 60

=q

v = 2m / sec
q 0.017
=
= 8.3 10 3 m2
v
2

4S
4 0.0083
=
= 0.103m = 103mm

=S

=d

d = 125mm
:
: SBR
) 3.1 m (.
0.8m

V = 3.1 0.8 = 2.3m 3

:

V = 2 . 3 2 = 4 . 6 m3
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V
4 .6
=
= 7.67 10 3 m3 / sec
t 10 60

=q

v = 2m / sec

q 0.00767
=
= 3.8 10 3 m2
v
2

4S
4 0.0038
=
= 0.069m = 7cm 10cm

=S

=d

d = 100mm

: :
0.8 m
:

V = 0 . 8 3 = 2 . 4 m3
.

V
2 .4
=
= 8 10 3 m 3 / sec = 8l / s
t 5 60
91

=q

 SBR
/ /

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:
v = 2 m / sec

q 0.008
=
= 4 10 3 m2
v
2
4S
4 0.004
=
= 0.07m = 7cm 10cm

=S

=d

d = 100mm
:
) (
.

:
:
S :


.

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S :

%
S :


S :
.
S

:TKN
+
.

S ) ( : nitrification
) ( ) -
.( N-NO3 , N-NO2 :
S ) ( : denitrication
.NO2
:
. ).( -
.
. ) (
. .

93

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/ /

GLossary:
{

SBR: Sequencing Batch Reactors.

ICEAS: Intermittent Cycle Extended Aeration System.

SRT: Sludge Retention Time.

RAS: Return Activated Sludge.

WAS: Waste Activated Sludge.

PS: Primary Sludge.

BNR: Biological Nutrient Removal.

NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.

TOD: Total Oxygen Demand.

COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand.

BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand.

EC: Electrical Conductance.

F/M: Food To Microorganisms.

TKN: Total kjeldahl nitroge.

94

SBR
www.4enveng.com

TSS: Total Suspended Solids.

TP: Total Phosphorus.

TN: Total Nitrogen.

TOC: Total Organic Carbon.

NH4-N: ammonia nitrogen.

/ /

:
- Metacaf and eddy

- Design wast water treatment plant

- United States , Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)

95