B GIO DC V O TO I HC NNG

PHM HU DUY LAM

NGHIN CU MT S K THUT IU CH TN HIU TC CAO TRONG H THNG THNG TIN SI QUANG

Chuyn ngnh: K thut in t M s: 60.52.70

TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT

Nng, Nm 2013

Cng trnh c hon thnh ti I HC NNG

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS.TS. NGUYN VN TUN

Phn bin 1: PGS.TS. TNG TN CHIN

Phn bin 2: PGS.TS. NGUYN HU THANH

Lun vn c bo v ti Hi ng chm Lun vn tt nghip Thc s k thut hp ti i hc Nng vo ngy 02 thng 6 nm 2013

* C th tm hiu lun vn ti : - Trung tm Thng tin - Hc liu, i hc Nng

M U 1. TNH CP THIT CA TI Trong khong thi gian nm nm gn y mng vin thng Vit nam c nhng bc pht trin vt bc p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca cc dch v vin thng. Tuy nhin s tng trng t bin trong nhu cu v dch v vin thng ni ring v dch v mng ng trc ni chung cng ang t ra nhng thch thc to ln i vi h tng mng truyn dn quang. Sau s ra i ca si uang n m v cc cng ngh uang i n uan v u nhng nm 1 0, cc mng truyn n uang c nhng bc pht trin vt bc pht trin ca cc h thng truyn n uang nhm p ng ch s tng trng t bin ca u ng vin thng t n cu tr ng nhng nm ua Nng c truyn n ca mt h thng tr n mt si uang, tc t ng ung ng m n c th t c tr n mt si uang ph thuc v cc yu t ung ng hay tc ca nh uang bng bit s , v h ng cch truyn ca h thng Hay nng c ca h thng chnh tch BL, tr ng B ung ng v L l khong cch). Trong tt c cc phn t cu thnh h thng truyn dn quang, cng ngh hay k thut iu ch tn hiu ng vai tr uan trng trong vic p ng cc yu cu ca h thng. V vy vic nghin cu v cng ngh iu ch tn hiu quang nhm mc ch n u cng ngh va c th nng ca nng c ca mng i truyn dn va c th s dng hiu qu h tng quang sn c ng thi c th a ra xut ng dng cng ngh mi thch hp, hiu qu m bo chu k sng cng ngh cho cc thit b truyn dn quang.

2. MC CH NGHIN CU ti ny nghi n cu mt s thut iu ch tn hiu uang v mt s thut truyn n ti n tin ng dng trong cc h thng thng tin si uang ng di th h mi

H thng ha nhng vn thuyt c bn v iu ch v gii iu ch tn hiu uang Phn tch cc c trng thut ca cc thng tin quang. i iu ch tn hiu ng ng cc thut iu ch v gii iu ch tr ng h thng

3. I TNG V PHM VI NGHIN CU a. i tng nghin cu Nghin cu cc k thut iu ch trong h thng truyn dn si quang. b. Phm vi nghin cu Nghin cu cc h thng thng tin si quang tc cao. ti tp trung nghin cu v cc k thut iu ch v gii iu ch tn hiu quang trong h thng thng tin si quang tc cao. Nghin cu cc k thut iu ch tc cao trong h thng thng tin thc tin. 4. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU Ph ng php un xuyn sut ca lun vn t hp nghin cu l thuyt v m phng lm r ni ung ti. C th nh sau:

Tm hiu phn tch cc thut ca vic iu ch v gii iu ch tn hiu uang tc ca Thu thp ti iu v cc thut iu ch uang s ng tr ng thc tin ca cc nh cung cp thit b hng u th gii ng phn mm chuy n ng Mat ab, m phng mt s ph ng php iu ch tc ca

snh nh gi t u thc hin

5. NGHA KHOA HC V THC TIN CA TI Vi hng nghin cu k thut iu ch v gii iu ch mi cc tn hiu quang gip nng cao tc bt, ung ng nhm tng hiu qu ng dng trong cc mng truyn dn quang th h mi. T , vic p dng cc k thut ny vo h thng truyn dn cp quang thc t khai thc s tn dng c nhiu u im v t c hiu qu ca h n 6. D KIN KT QU T C Kt qu d kin t c nh sau

M hnh k thut iu ch tn hiu quang tc cao. Cc kt qu m phng, nh gi cht ng ca cc k thut ny. Cc cng b kt qu ng dng i n ua n ti.

7. KT CU LUN VN Lun vn c chia m 5 ch ng nh sau

Ch ng 1 T ng uan v h thng thng tin si uang tc cao Gii thiu t ng quan v hin tng tn sc trong h thng thng tin si uang DWDM Ch ng ny ch ta mt ci nhn t ng qut v tn sc bao gm nh ngha, phn i v nhng nh hng ca hin tng tn sc.

Ch ng 2K thut iu ch v gii iu ch uang

Gii thiu nhng thut iu ch tn hiu uang, bt u t nhng k thut n gin nht trong nhng h thng truyn dn uang u tin trn th gii ch n nhng k thut hin i v phc tp nht, tr ng ch trng vo cc k thut tin tin c ng dng cho cc mng truyn dn quang th h mi c dung ng ln, khong cch truyn di v cc di.

Ch ng 3 K thut iu ch quang trong tm nhn ca nh cung cp thit b Gii thiu nhng k thut iu ch quang trong tm nhn v l trnh ca cc nh cung cp thit b n i ting trn th gii, vi trng tm hng vo nhng k thut tin tin m bo tc truyn dn ln cho tng knh, t ng ung ng ln cho ton h thng, v khong cch truyn dn ln Ch ng ny cng phn tch nhng c im ca k thut ca cc h thng truyn dn quang pha Bc, trc Bc-Nam, v pha Nam i gc k thut iu ch tn hiu quang.

Ch ng 4 M phng mt s k thut iu ch tn hiu quang

Ch ng 5 snh nh gi cc thut iu ch ut cc huyn ngh cho vic a chn cc thut iu ch thch hp vi mng truyn n uang th h mi ca VTN nhm m bo hiu qu cao nht cho cc nhu cu truyn ti ng trc.

CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN QUANG TC CAO 1.1 GII THIU CHNG Ch ng ny un vn s tm hiu cu trc c bn ca mt h thng truyn n uang in hnh nht, ng thi phn tch cc yu t nh hng n cht ng thng tin uang V tr n c s , mt s gii php hc phc c a ra chng i nhng nh hng bt i 1.2 H THNG THNG TIN QUANG TC CAO DWDM 1.2.1 Cu trc truyn dn c bn ca mng DWDM

Hnh 1.1-

t ng th h thng DWDM

1.2.2 Cc thnh phn chnh ca h thng DWDM Cu trc ca mt mng uang s ng cng ngh DWDM gm cc thnh phn chnh sau thit b u cui uang OLT, cc b ghp nh n r uang OADM, cc b huch i p tr n ng truyn a. b. c. d. e. 1.3 Thit b u cui quang OLT B chuyn i bc sng B tch ghp cc bc sng quang B khuch i ng truyn B ghp knh xen r quang OADM MT S YU T NH HNG N H THNG DWDM

1.3.1 S knh s dng v khong cch gia cc knh a. Kh nng cng ngh hin c i vi cc thnh phn quang ca h thng b. Cc yu t nh hng n khong cch gia cc knh 1.3.2 Vn n nh bc sng ca ngun quang v yu cu rng ca ngun pht a. n nh bc sng ca ngun quang b. Yu cu rng ca ngun pht 1.3.3 Xuyn nhiu gia cc knh tn hiu quang 1.3.4 Suy hao Qu cng sut ca h thng WDM 1.3.5 Tn sc b tn sc 1.3.6 nh hng ca cc hiu ng phi tuyn a. Hiu ng SRS b. Hiu ng SBS c. Hiu ng SPM d. Hiu ng XPM e. Hiu ng FWM f. Phng hng gii quyt nh hng ca cc hiu ng phi tuyn 1.4 KT LUN CHNG Qua ch ng ny, ta thy c kh nng m rng ung ng truyn dn ca cng ngh DWDM, cng nh cch thc nh tuyn v ph ng php nng ca cht ng lung tn hiu thng qua cc phn t ca mng. Bn cnh , vic gii thiu cc nhn t suy hao, mo phi tuyn nh hng n cht ng knh truyn t tin cn phi khc phc bng cc k thut iu ch c phn tch tr ng ch ng sau

CHNG 2 K THUT IU CH V GII IU CH QUANG 2.1 GII THIU CHNG Trong h thng truyn dn cp quang, cc yu t v suy hao v phi tuyn nh hng rt ln n cht ng tn hiu cung cp ti u cui ch hch hng, c bit l cc tuyn tri di v t cc trm lp cng nh cc b ti to tn hiu. Chnh v l , vic s dng cc k thut iu ch thch hp tn hiu ti n i thu c khi phc hn ch t li nht, t tin cy cao nht l mt vn rt c u tm 2.2 IU CH CNG SUT T nhng ngy u ca truyn dn uang, iu ch cng sut dng OOK c dng trong hu ht cc h thng do nhng li th chnh nh n gin trong vic to, pht v thu tn hiu, tnh chng nhim cao ca tn hiu i vi tp pha quang (optical phase noise). OOK s dng hai dng xung: khng-tr v-khng (NRZ) vi cng sut tn hiu uang hng i trong ton b chu k Ts ca k t, v tr v-khng (RZ) vi cng sut quang ch chim mt phn ca Ts. 2.2.1 iu ch NRZ-OOK 2.2.2 iu ch RZ-OOK 2.3 IU CH PHA VI SAI Tr ng iu ch pha, pha ca sng mang thay i theo s liu nh phn v cho php s dng cc tn hiu ng cc, iu khng th thc hin c tr ng iu ch cng sut v gii iu ch trc tip IM DD Tnh nng ny c ngha iu ch/gii iu ch pha c kh nng ci thin nhy my thu so vi IM/DD. V d, khi so snh h thng s dng iu ch/gii iu ch pha vi sai hai mc DBPSK v h thng s dng OOK, s ci thin ny l vo khong 3 dB [8, 9].

Phn sau y s xem xt mt s k thut iu ch/gii iu ch pha vi sai c s dng rng ri trong nhng nm gn y tnh n gin ca k thut ny cng vi nhng tin b trong cng ngh uang, nh s xut hin ca nhng laser ph hp [8, 9]. 2.3.1 iu ch pha vi sai hai mc NRZ-DBPSK 2.3.2 iu ch pha vi sai hai mc RZ-DBPSK 2.3.3 iu ch pha vi sai bn mc DQPSK tng ung ng truyn dn m khng cn n nhng bng tn ln h n, cn phi m ha nhiu h n mt bit vo mt k t iu ch sai pha bn mc (DQPSK, Differential quadrature phase shift keying) l k thut iu ch pha u tin thc hin tng ny. Vi k thut iu ch ny Nm 2002, Griffin v Cart r xut k thut iu ch DQPSK quang, m ho hai bit d liu vo mt trong bn pha vi sai [0, 2, , 3 2] Vi cch m ha ny tc baud ca DQPSK ch bng mt na tc bit.
[0,1]2

[1,1] 0,0

[0,0]0

[1,0]: k t

[10]~32

3/2: pha

Bit trng s nh nht Bit trng s ln nht

Hnh 2.13 Biu in tn hiu DQP K tr n mt phng phc Tn hiu DQPSK c th c to ra bi cc cu trc my pht khc nhau.Mt trong s c gi l cu trc s ng s ng, nh trn0a , Griffin v Cart r xut [11]. Trong cu trc ny, thit

b m ha (coder) m tng nhm hai bit [D1D0] theo lut vi sai, ri chuyn thnh cc in p iu ch cho hai nhnh I v Qcathit b MZIM dch pha /2 ra ian c a v mt trong hai nhnh, lm cho hai tn hiu trc giao vi nhau Di tc ng ca hai in p iu ch, pha ca sng mang trong hai ng dn uang thay i. Hai tn hiu sau c cng li vi nhau ti u ra ca b iu ch.
1 0 1 0 0 1 1

x(t)
CODER

I
MZIM

2 Dch pha

DATA

MZIM

Q
Quang in

a)
To RZ
1 0 1 0 0 1 1

x(t)
CODER
32 Phase shift

I
MZIM

DATA

MZIM

Q
Quang in To RZ

b)
Ts

+Vbias

I Tn hiu thu c

BPF Ts

-Vbias +Vbias

c)

-Vbias

Hnh 2.14 a ,b Hai cu trc my pht DQP K v c My thu DQPSK

10

Nm 2004, Ohm v Fr c mann [12] xut mt my pht c cu trc t ng t, nh trn b). Trong cu trc ny vic dng cc mch in t trong mch t in p iu ch to ra cc xung RZ (mch impulse shaper) sgy hin tng chirp hng m ng mun cho pha ca tn hiu H n na, s dng cc mch to dng xung kiu ny phc tp h n ng mt b to dng xung PC ni tip vi b iu ch. 0c) m t mt my thu DQPSK gm hai nhnh pht hin hai thnh phn ca tn hiuI v Q. Mc d mi nhnh ny t ng t vi mt my thu NRZ-DBPSK, vn c mt s khc bit:pha ca sng mang tr ng cc nhnh uang b n i c dch i +/4 v /4 ra ian iu ny l cn thit pht hin cc tn hiu ng cc +|i|v -|i|. thy r h n v tnh hiu qu khi p dng k thut m ha ny, ta s nh gi thng ua hiu qu ph ca n

11
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Popt
16.67%

FWHM= 66%

Ts

(a)

12
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Popt

25%

50%

Ts

(b)

13
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Popt

33%

33%

Ts

(c) Hnh 2.16 Ph ca tn hiu 40Gbps (a) 66% RZ-DQPSK, (b) 50% RZ-DQPSK, (c) 33% RZ-DQPSK 2.3.4 iu ch a mc kt hp cng sut v pha vi sai MADPSK

14

2.4 IU CH DCH PHA 2.5 KT LUN CHNG Tr ng ch ng ny, un vn phn tch cc thut iu ch c s dng trong mng truyn dn quang nhm khc phc cc nh hng bt li ca suy hao v phi tuyn Qua un vn s c ci nhn trc uan h n, t ng ut h n v tng loi iu ch v t a ra a chn ph hp vi nhu cu thc t s dng. Do nhu cu m rng bng tn truyn dn nn cc k thut iu ch pha hoc pha v cng sut nhiu mc c u ti n hng u.

CHNG 3 K THUT IU CH QUANG TRONG TM NHN CA NH CUNG CP THIT B 3.1 GII THIU CHNG Ch ng ny cung cp thng tin v tm nhn v l trnh th ng mi ha thit b ng dng cc k thut iu ch tn hiu quang tin tin ca mt s nh sn xut thit b truyn dn quang. Nhng thng tin ny s gip VTN, VNPT ch ng nh hng i vi vic chn la cc thit b c k thut iu ch tn hiu tin tin, p dng ph hp vo mng truyn dn quang ca VTN v VNPT. 3.2 TNH HNH TH TRNG THIT B TRUYN DN 3.3 ALCATEL LUCENT Alcatel-Lucent cho rng cc k thut iu ch pha s dng dng ung NRZ nh NRZ-BPSK, NRZ-DBPSK, NRZ-QPSK v NRZDQPSK c th m bo kh nng chng nhim tt h n i vi cc nh hng phi tuyn nu so snh vi k thut iu ch cng sut OOK truyn thng do cng sut ca cc tn hiu iu ch pha ny gn nh hng i theo thi gian.

15

3.4 CIENA/NORTEL CORP Theo nghin cu ca Ciena/ Nortel, nhng thch thc ln nht nu vn s dng k thut iu ch cng sut OOK truyn thng nng cao tc truyn dn t 10 Gbit/s ln tc 40 Gbit/s l nh hng ca CD, PMD v mt s yu t hc tr n ng truyn. Nhng thch thc ny c th vt qua nu s dng nhng k thut PDM-DQPSK cho php ng dng hiu qu vi cc tc 40 Gbit/s tr ln. 3.5 FUJITSU LTD Nghin cu ca Fujitsu cng ch thy k thut RZ-DQPSK c nhng tnh nng u vit v hiu nng O NR s dng gii iu ch pha vi sai v dng xung RZ. V tnh chng nhim i vi CD, do RZ-DQPSK c tc baud ch bng 1/2 tc bit v rng ph bng 60% ca NRZ-OOK nn k thut ny c kh nng chng nhim ca h n 3 n so vi NRZ OOK. RZ-DQP K cng c h nng chng nhim vi PMD ca h n h ng 2 ln so vi nhng dng iu ch khc. Vi tc baud ch bng na tc bit, RZ-DQPSK c ph tn hiu t ng i hp v t chu nh hng ca cc b lc quang. iu ny cho php tn hiu c th truyn qua nhiu thit b ROADM trong cc mng uang c ch thc ln, gm nhiu phn t mng. 3.6 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES 3.7 KT LUN CHNG. Qua ch ng 3, un vn phn no thy c tm nhn cng ngh ca cc nh sn xut thit b truyn dn hng u. T y, lun vn s c ci nhn trc uan h n, t ng th h n la chn dng sn phm cng nh cng ngh ph hp cho tng mc tiu s dng.

16

CHNG 4 M PHNG MT S K THUT IU CH TN HIU QUANG 4.1 GII THIU CHNG Qua nhng ch ng trc, lun vn trnh by hi ut cc thut iu ch c s dng trong truyn dn thng tin uang c ci nhn hch uan v nh gi chnh c h n ua nhng phn tch l thuyt lun vn s xy dng li cc h thng iu ch bng phn mm v tin hnh m phng. T , un vn s nh gi tnh chnh xc gia l thuyt v thc t cho mi loi iu ch. Trong ni ung ch ng ny, s tp trung phn tch hai k thut iu ch chnh l QPSK v DQPSK. 4.2 PH TN HIU
QPSK Spectrum 0 -10 -20 -30
Power (dBm)

-40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -120 -80 -40 0 Frequence (GHz) 40 80 120

Hnh 4.1 Ph tn hiu QPSK

17
DQPSK Spectrum 0 -10 -20 -30
Power (dBm)

-40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -120 -80 -40 0 Frequence (GHz) 40 80 120

Hnh 4.2 Ph tn hiu DQPSK Tr ng trc tung biu din cng sut ca ph tn hiu n v tnh: dBm. Trc honh biu din rng ca tn hiu n v tnh GHz. Ch : Mi lin quan gia tn s v chiu di trong tn hiu quang nh sau: rng ph 100GHz s gn tng ng 0.8nm. 4.3 SO SNH CHT LNG TN HIU QPSK V DQPSK 4.3.1 Theo Tri Budu Santoso [38] Mc li bit i vi iu ch bng QPSK v DQPSK tnh theo Eb N c m t nh hnh v 4.3

18

Hnh 4.3 So snh BER gia QPSK ( ) v DQPSK () T hnh v 4.3 ta thy cng mt t l bit li, t l Eb/No ca h thng DQPSK ln h n h thng QPSK khong 2.3dB. [38] 4.3.2 Kt qu ca chng trnh m phng

19
0

QPSK and DQPSK QPSK in simulation QPSK in theory DQPSK in simulation DQPSK in theory

10

10

-1

DQPSK

bit error probability, P

10

-2

QPSK

10

-3

10

-4

10

-5

10

-6

6 Eb/No in dB

10

12

Hnh 4.4 So snh BER gia QPSK v DQPSK 4.4 SO SNH CC LOI IU CH 4.4.1 So snh tnh chng nhim i vi tn sc mu
32 30 28

Gi tr OSNR cn thit t BER=10-3 ti cc d tn sc (residual CD) khc nhau

120-Gbit/s 16-ADPSK 107-Gbit/s Duobinary 120-Gbit/s PDM 16-ADPSK 42-Gbit/s NRZ 42-Gbit/s ODB (Optical duobinary) 40-Gbit/s 16-ADPSK

OSNR for BER=10 , dB

26 24 22 20 18 16 14

-3

42-Gbit/s DQPSK

42-Gbit/s DPSK

50

100 150 200 250 300 Residual chromatic dispersion (ps/nm)

350

400

Hnh 4.5

snh tnh chng nhim i vi CD

20

4.4.2

So snh tnh chng nhim i vi PMD

2 1.8 1.6 1.4
thit Q, dB

thit Q ti cc gi tr PMD trung bnh khc nhau 40-Gbit/s 40-Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK CSRZ-DQPSK
40-Gbit/s CSRZ-OOK

40-Gbit/s NRZ 16-ADPSK

40-Gbit/s 66%-RZ 16-ADPSK

1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 PMD trung bnh, Ts
40-Gbit/s 50%-RZ 16-ADPSK

0.3

0.35

0.4

Hnh 4.7 So snh tnh chng nhim i vi PMD ca cc tn hiu khc nhau 4.4.3 4.4.4
7

So snh dng ph tn hiu So snh hiu sut ph, khong cch truyn dn
Hiu sut ph v khong cch truyn ln nht ca mt s h thng truyn dn quang

6 5 8 knh x 114-Gbit/s RZ

10 knh x 112-Gbit/s PDM 16-QAM

Hiu sut ph, bit/s/Hz

PDM 8-DPSK

Gii hn hin ti ca hiu sut ph-khong cch truyn dn

10 knh x111-Gbit/s RZDQPSK WDM PDM 11 knh x 112-Gbit/s O-OFDM PDM QPSK 107-Gbit/s 4-QAM OFDM 134 knh 110Gbit/s PDM CO-OFDM QPSK

8 knh x 120-Gbit/s PDM 16-ADPSK 8 knh x 120-Gbit/s O-OFDM 4-QAM 107-Gbit/s DQPSK

10x121.9-Gbit/s 8-QAM 120-Gbit/s 16-QAM OFDM WDM PDM O-OFDM SSB 8 knh x120-Gbit/s 1 16-ADPSK 10 knh x 107Gbit/s NRZDQPSK

10 knh x100Gbit/s PDM RZ-DQPSK

400

600

800 1000 1400 1800 Khong cch truyn ln nht, km

2400 3000

4000

Hnh 4.8 Hiu sut ph v khong cch truyn ln nht ca mt s h thng truyn dn

21

4.4.5 So snh hiu nng OSNR

OSNR cn thit ti BER=10-3 i vi mt s h thng truyn dn

28
CE: Coherent equalization ODB: Optical duobinary

26
OSNR cn thit ti BER=10-3, dB

24

22
120 Gbit/s

20
107 Gbit/s 2x60 Gbit/s 107 Gbit/s

18
121.9 Gbit/s 107 Gbit/s

100 Gbit/s

16

111 Gbit/s

114 Gbit/s

PDM RZCE-RZ PDM QPSK DQPSK [36] [40]

8-QAM PDM OFDM [32]

4-QAM OFDM [35]

RZ-8PSK PDM [33]

NRZDQPSK [37]

PDM 16ADPSK [22]

NRZOOK [39]

16-ADPSK [22]

Hnh 4.9 Gi tr OSNR cn thit t c BER=10-3 4.5 MT S NHN XT: T lun vn c th thy:

Vic s dng cc k thut iu ch tn hiu nhiu mc c th tit kim c mt cch ng bng tn cn thit truyn tn hiu so vi trng hp iu ch hai mc. Cc k thut iu ch tn hiu uang chuyn dn t iu ch cng sut sang iu ch pha hoc kt hp c pha v cng sut, v cng vi s chuyn dch ca ph ng thc gii iu ch t trc tip sang ng nht

22

4.6 MT S KHUYN NGH:

Hnh 4.10 K thut iu ch v nhng ng dng in hnh Ch ng 2 v 3 ti a ra nhng khuyn ngh sau p dng cho cc d n truyn dn quang ti Cng ty Vin thng Lin tnh vi cc ng dng 40-100 Gbit s nh uang v ca h n

iu ch pha c khuyn ngh mc u ti n ca h n s vi iu ch cng sut, iu ch v gii iu ch ng nht c khuyn ngh mc u ti n ca h n s vi iu ch cng sut v thu trc tip, iu ch pha tuyt i v gii iu ch ng nht c khuyn ngh mc u ti n ca h n s vi iu ch v gii iu ch pha vi sai, Nhng k thut iu ch h tr khong cc nh 50 GHz c khuyn ngh mc u ti n ca h n s vi k thut ch h tr khong cch knh 100 GHz,

Nhng k thut c ph tn hiu hp v gn h n v y u cu t s OSNR thp h n c khuyn ngh mc u ti n ca h n Nhng k thut c kh nng chu c nh hng ca cc b lc quang di hp tt h n c khuyn ngh mc ca h n

23

Cc k thut iu ch phi c kt hp vi cc cng ngh x l quang tin tin hc nh b tn sc, tn phn cc, phi tuyn c kh nng b mt cch linh hot v di b rng, p ng yu cu truyn dn trong mng quang th h mi da trn cng ngh chuyn mch quang t ng ASTN/ASON/GMPLS vi cu hnh mng mesh. Cc k thut iu ch phi c kt hp vi cc cng ngh m ha s liu FEC tin tin gim cng sut pht tn hiu trong khi vn t c hiu nng BER O NR ca v h ng cch truyn dn ln.

4.7 KT LUN CHNG Qua ch ng 5, bng cc so snh cc loi iu ch i nh hng ca cc nhn t nh suy ha ng truyn, tn sc, tn phn cc, rng bng tn, un vn phn no hiu r h n v mi loi iu ch. T , un vn s c ci nhn t ng uan v nh gi hch uan h n ch cc thut iu ch c s dng trong truyn dn thng tin quang. Vic a ra cc huyn ngh s gip lun vn c nhng c s v s nhn nhn chun mc h n tr ng thut iu ch . Bn cnh , lun vn cn gip a ra s la chn mt k thut iu ch ph hp h n ch tng h thng mng.

24

KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN TI Trong khun kh lun vn tt nghip ny, Tc gi trnh by cc khi nim v nguy n cc ph ng php iu ch. Bn cnh , tc gi cng gii thiu t ng quan v u hng s dng iu ch bc sng 100G ca cc hng ln trn th gii. Phn cui ca lun vn, tc gi trnh by t qu m phng k thut iu ch QPSK v DQPSK v so snh m phng vi l thuyt a ra nh gi snh cc thut iu ch theo cc tiu ch khc nhau nh O NR, tn sc, rng ph v mt ph . Trong khong 5 nm i y, s pht trin ca mng Internet ton cu v cc ng dng a ph ng tin da trn nn giao thc Int rn t t ra nhng thch thc to ln i vi nh khai thc mng trong vic cung cp bng thng truyn dn D nhu cu v bng thng hng ngng tng ca , tr ng hi i bc sng dng trong si uang ghp bc sng hng i (khong 35nm). Vic s dng cc mng truyn dn quang WDM da trn cng ngh ghp knh vi tc mi knh nh h n10 Gbit s tr thnh nhn t gii hn ch yu hn ch nng c truyn dn ca h thng . Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc, Vic ghp knh vi tc mi knh t 40Gbit s hay 100Gbit s ang bt u trin khai ti Vit Nam cng nh tr n th gii. V vy tc gi rt mun tm hiu ph ng php iu ch c th s dng h thng ghp cc knh c tc 40Gbit/s hay 100Gbit/s hay ghp chung vi cc knh c tc nh trn cc h tng tng c xy dng.