Biasing Circuit

Establish a constant voltage VB.

Current-derived negative feedback.The degree of success of the negative feedback is Bias Stability.

cut-off conditions,

Example

A transistor is to be biased at a collector current of 1 mA when a 12-V power supply is applied. Using the above figure, determine the values of R1, R2, and RE if 3.4 V is to be dropped across RE and if the current through R2 is to be 10 IBQ. Assume that for the transistor used, VBEQ = 0.6 V and hFE = 100.

Example

Also, VB = VRE + VBE = 3.4 + 0.6 = 4 V.

VR1 = VCC VB = 12 4 = 8 V

Common Emitter Amplifier

Common Emitter Amplifier

Common Emitter Amplifier

Transconductance=how much IC changes with a fluctuation in VBE.

In practice, VT = 26 mV at room temperature

The terminal voltage gain is therefore

Model

Basic Equation
Equivalent Circuit Simulation model