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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: Bonus!! Extra Credit Assignment on Moisture (Feb 2) February 1, 2012 8:11 PM February 1, 2012 8:14 PM 00:03:23 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
1 . First a question to review the material on Tuesday... From the information given below, which city has the highest saturation vapor pressure? Urbana, IL: T = 52F, Td = 32F St. Louis, MO: T = 69F, Td = 46F Milwaukee, WI: T = 22F, Td = 21F Austin, TX: T = 90F, Td = 40F
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100% 1/1
First a question to review the material on Tuesday... From the information given below, which city has the highest vapor pressure? Urbana, IL: T = 52F, Td = 32F St. Louis, MO: T = 69F, Td = 46F Milwaukee, WI: T = 22F, Td = 21F Austin, TX: T = 90F, Td = 40F
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First a question to review the material on Tuesday... From the information given below, which city has the highest amount of moisture in the air (i.e., most water vapor in the air)? Urbana, IL: T = 52F, Td = 32F St. Louis, MO: T = 69F, Td = 46F Milwaukee, WI: T = 22F, Td = 21F Austin, TX: T = 90F, Td = 40F
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First a question to review the material on Tuesday... From the information given below, which city has the highest relative humidity? Urbana, IL: T = 52F, Td = 32F St. Louis, MO: T = 69F, Td = 46F Milwaukee, WI: T = 22F, Td = 21F Austin, TX: T = 90F, Td = 40F
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100% A. It takes far less water vapor to saturate the air in a city with a low air temperature
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100% A. It takes far less water vapor to saturate the air in a city with a low air temperature compared to a city with a high air temperature. B. the saturation vapor pressure is related to the dew point temperature C. the higher the vapor pressure the lower the amount of moisture in the air. D. As the air temperature decreases, the relative humidity decreases if you hold the amount of water vapor in the air constant. Score: 1/1
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #1 Temp-Pres (Jan 24) January 23, 2012 8:52 PM January 23, 2012 9:02 PM 00:10:12 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
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Does the air temperature increase or decrease with altitude in the stratosphere?
Student Response A. Increase B. Decrease C. Neither. The air temperature remains constant in the troposphere. Score: 3.
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How much does the air weigh within a column that expends from sea level all the way to the top of the atmosphere that is only 1 square inch in area?
Student Response A. 0 lbs B. 2.4 lbs C. 14.7 lbs D. 29.9 lbs E. 1013.25 lbs Score:
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Response A. troposphere B. stratosphere C. mesosphere D. thermosphere E. ionosphere Score: 4. How much does the air weigh within a column that expends from sea level all the way to the top of the atmosphere that is only 1 square inch in area? 1/1 100%
Student Response A. 0 lbs B. 2.4 lbs C. 14.7 lbs D. 29.9 lbs E. 1013.25 lbs Score: 5.
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At which of the following locations would you measure the lowest air pressure?
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A. Top of Mt. Everest 100% (29,028 ft) B. Coors Field in Denver (5280 ft) C. Top of C-Section in Assembly Hall (805 ft) D. Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, IL (597 ft) E. Times Square in New York City (15 ft) Score: 1/1
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #2 Pres-Moisture (Jan 26) January 25, 2012 7:10 PM January 25, 2012 7:37 PM 00:27:16 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
1 . In the weather map shown below, what weather variable is contoured on this map? What do meteorologists call these contour lines?
Student Response A. temperature; isotherms B. dewpoint temperature; isodrosotherms C. pressure; isobars D. windspeed; isotachs Score: 2 .
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As air temperature increases, the saturation vapor pressure (the amount of water vapor the air can hold) will __________________.
Student Response A. increases B. decreases C. remains constant D. the saturation vapor pressure has nothing to do with air temperature. Score:
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As air temperature increases, the saturation vapor pressure (the amount of water vapor the air can hold) will __________________.
Student Response A. increases B. decreases C. remains constant D. the saturation vapor pressure has nothing to do with air temperature. Score: 3 .
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True or False. When the air temperature is equal to the dewpoint temperature, the saturation vapor pressure equals the vapor pressure and the relative humidity of the air is 100%
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What is the process called when water goes from its solid phase (ice) to its gas phase (water vapor)?
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Shown below is a wind barb. In which direction is the wind blowing from and how fast is it?
Student Response A. Southwest at 25 knots B. Northwest at 15 knots C. Northeast at 25 knots D. Northwest at 3 knots E. Southeast at 3 knots Score: Jump to Navigation Frame
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #3 Moisture-1 (Jan 31) January 31, 2012 12:56 AM January 31, 2012 12:59 AM 00:03:24 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
1. Using the information below, which city has the lowest relative humidity? New Orleans, LA: Temperature (T) = 89F, Dewpoint Temperature (Td) = 66F; Chicago, IL: Temperature (T) = 72F, Dewpoint Temperature (Td) = 55F; Helena, MT: Temperature (T) = 39F, Dewpoint Temperature (Td) = 38F; Las Vegas, NV: Temperature (T) = 104F, Dewpoint Temperature (Td) = 39F
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From the information given below, which city has the highest vapor pressure AND the highest amount of moisture in the air? Chicago, IL: T = 45F, Td = 32F; Memphis, TN: T = 62F, Td = 39F; Minneapolis, MN: T = 29F, Td = 28F; San Antonio, TX: T = 89F, Td = 42F
1. Using the information below, which city has the lowest relative humidity? New Orleans, LA: Temperature (T) = 89F, Dewpoint Temperature (Td) = 66F; Chicago, IL: Temperature (T) = 72F, Dewpoint Temperature (Td) = 55F; Helena, MT: Temperature (T) = 39F, Dewpoint Temperature (Td) = 38F; Las Vegas, NV: Temperature (T) = 104F, Dewpoint Temperature (Td) = 39F
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From the information given below, which city has the highest vapor pressure AND the highest amount of moisture in the air? Chicago, IL: T = 45F, Td = 32F; Memphis, TN: T = 62F, Td = 39F; Minneapolis, MN: T = 29F, Td = 28F; San Antonio, TX: T = 89F, Td = 42F
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From the information given below, which city has the highest relative humidity? Chicago, IL: T = 45F, Td = 32F; Memphis, TN: T = 62F, Td = 39F; Minneapolis, MN: T = 29F, Td = 28F; San Antonio, TX: T = 89F, Td = 42F
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Check out figure 1.9 on page 11. Which air temperature has the highest saturation vapor pressure?
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Check out figure 1.10 on page 11. What time of day experiences the highest relative humidity?
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #4 Soundings and Satellites (Feb 2) February 1, 2012 8:14 PM February 1, 2012 8:20 PM 00:06:04 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
1. Examine the sounding picture below and answer the following question. What is the surface air temperature?
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Examine the sounding displayed in question #1 and answer the following question. What is the dew point temperature at 500 mb?
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Student Response A. visible satellite imagery B. infrared satellite imagery C. water vapor imagery Score: 4.
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If a cloud appears bright white on an infrared satellite image, where is it likely located in the troposphere?
Student Response A. near the surface of the earth, like a fog B. in the low-levels of the troposphere, like a stratus cloud C. In the mid-levels of the troposphere, like a altocumulus cloud D. In the upperlevels of troposphere, like a thick cumulonimbus thunderstorm cloud. Score:
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Response A. visible satellite imagery B. infrared satellite imagery C. water vapor imagery Score: 4. If a cloud appears bright white on an infrared satellite image, where is it likely located in the troposphere? 0% 0/1
Student Response A. near the surface of the earth, like a fog B. in the low-levels of the troposphere, like a stratus cloud C. In the mid-levels of the troposphere, like a altocumulus cloud D. In the upperlevels of troposphere, like a thick cumulonimbus thunderstorm cloud. Score: 5.
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Check out the satellite images of the earth on page 39 in figure 2.16. Which of the following is not true about the satellites that took these images?
Student Response A. the orbit in which this satellite took these images is called a geostationary orbit. B. the satellite that took these images is roughly 36,000 km away from earth.
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100% C. all of these images are made using visible satellite channels. D. images like these are available every 15 minutes from these satellites Score: 1/1
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #5 Satellites and Radar (Feb 7) February 6, 2012 6:58 PM February 6, 2012 7:12 PM 00:13:49 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
1 . True or False: The primary function of a weather satellite is to passively observe clouds from space while weather radar is designed to measure the intensity of precipitation.
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Student Response A. 8AM Thursday Sept 15 B. 3AM Wednesday Sept 14 C. 3PM Thursday Sept 15 D. 10PM Wednesday Sept 14
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E. 9AM Thursday Sept 0% 15 Score: 3 . At what wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum does the Doppler radar use to measure precipitation? 0/1
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Student Response A. 8AM Thursday Sept 15 B. 3AM Wednesday Sept 14 C. 3PM Thursday Sept 15 D. 10PM Wednesday Sept 14
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E. 9AM Thursday Sept 0% 15 Score: 3 . At what wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum does the Doppler radar use to measure precipitation? 0/1
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True or False: Doppler radar can measure both the intensity of the precipitation and the wind speed and direction?
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If the Doppler radar is measuring an echo of 41 dBZ, what is the corresponding rainfall rate?
Student Response A. 0.01 inches per hour B. 0.5 inches per hour C. 2.5 inches per hour D. 5 inches per hour E. Doppler radar does not give information on the rainfall rate, only the intensity of the precipitation. Score:
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #6 Winter Cyclones (Feb 14) February 13, 2012 7:53 PM February 13, 2012 10:55 PM 03:01:28 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
Student Response A. North to South B. South to North C. East to West D. West to East Score: 2 .
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Student Response A. North to South B. South to North C. East to West D. West to East Score: 2 .
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From a satellites perspective, the cloud field of an Extra-tropical Cyclone resembles which punctuation mark?
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True or False: In a typical Extra-tropical Cyclone, winter precipitation is found to the north of the low-pressure center while rain and thunderstorms are found to the south of the low-pressure system in the "tail".
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Compare the satellite views of the Extra-tropical Cyclone in figure 10.1 to Hurricane Erika (1997) in figure 24.14. Which weather system is larger and covers more area?
Student Response A. Hurricane B. Extra-tropical Cylone C. Neither is larger. They are both approximately the same size. Score:
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #7 Ice Storms (Feb 16) February 19, 2012 5:42 PM February 19, 2012 5:44 PM 00:01:34 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
1. What percentage of all winter weather related injuries are from freezing precipitation?
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Is it possible for water to remain a liquid at temperatures below freezing (below 0C or 32F)?
1. What percentage of all winter weather related injuries are from freezing precipitation?
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Is it possible for water to remain a liquid at temperatures below freezing (below 0C or 32F)?
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What do meteorologists call a layer in the atmosphere where the temperature increases with height?
Student Response A. thermal rise B. ridge C. temperature inversion D. warm conveyor belt E. thermal anomoly Score: 4.
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From the list below, select the state that on average has the highest annual hours of freezing rain.
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To qualify as an "ice storm" by the National Weather Service, how much ice must accumulate?
Student Response A. 1/4 of an inch B. 1 inch C. 2 inches D. 5 inches E. There is no criteria, there must simply be freezing rain ocurring to get an ice storm. Score:
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #8 Blizzards (Feb 21) February 21, 2012 12:32 AM February 21, 2012 12:40 AM 00:08:00 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
1 . How fast must the winds be blowing if the National Weather Service has issued a blizzard warning?
Student Response A. 25 mph B. 35 mph C. 45 mph D. 55 mph E. Wind speed is not one of the criteria needed for a
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1 . How fast must the winds be blowing if the National Weather Service has issued a blizzard warning?
Student Response A. 25 mph B. 35 mph C. 45 mph D. 55 mph E. Wind speed is not one of the criteria needed for a bllizzard. Score: 2 .
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If you were standing at the center of an extra-tropical cyclone, in other words, you are standing at the center of the low-pressure system, in which direction would you have to look to find the part of the cyclone that is creating the blizzard conditions?
Student Response A. look to the southeast B. look to the southwest C. look to the northwest D. look to the northeast Score: 4 .
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Student Response A. snow straw B. snow roller C. snow cannon D. snow barrel E. a botched attempt at making a snowman Score:
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Student Response A. snow straw B. snow roller C. snow cannon D. snow barrel E. a botched attempt at making a snowman Score: Jump to Navigation Frame
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #16 Lightning Part 1 (April 5) April 4, 2012 11:11 PM April 4, 2012 11:38 PM 00:26:35 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
1 . Examine Fig. 21.1 and find which of the following locations has the highest average annual number of lightning flashes per square km.
Student Response A. Southeast United States B. Southern Australia C. Central Africa D. Indian Subcontinent E. Central Europe Score: 2 .
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Over the period 2002-2006, 211 people were struck and killed by lightning. Which of the following locations was the most deadly location with to these 211 people?
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100% D. open areas including ballparks E. on or near heavy equipment Score: 3 . What is the crucial ingredient for the formation of lightning such that without this ingredient, lightning does not form in thunderstorm? 1/1
Student Response A. Ice B. dust C. large rain drops (greater than 2mm in diamters) D. counterclockwise turning winds with height. E. flux capacitor Score: 4 .
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In what direction does the "return stroke" travel in the most common type of cloud-to-ground lightning strike?
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B. near water C. campgrounds 100% D. open areas including ballparks E. on or near heavy equipment Score: 3 . What is the crucial ingredient for the formation of lightning such that without this ingredient, lightning does not form in thunderstorm? 1/1
Student Response A. Ice B. dust C. large rain drops (greater than 2mm in diamters) D. counterclockwise turning winds with height. E. flux capacitor Score: 4 .
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In what direction does the "return stroke" travel in the most common type of cloud-to-ground lightning strike?
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B. from the ground to 100% the cloud C. we do not know this is an active area of research in atmospheric science. Score: 5 . Which of the following best describes why there is thunder? 1/1
Student Response A. The lightning strike slices through the air at the speed of light. After the strike is over, a loud "clap" is heard when the air molecules rush back together to fill the void created by the strike.
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B. Lightning heats the 100% air to 54,000F immediately around the bolt which causes a rapid expansion of the air near the bolt. This creates a huge pressure wave which we eventually hear as thunder. C. Thunder is the result of the impact that the tip of the lightning bolt makes when it hits an object. This in why only cloud to ground lightning makes thunder. D. When a lightning strike occurs, rain water in the area near the bolt is rapidly and explosively boiled. When this occurs, the vaporization of the water releases a deafening sound wave. E. Thunder is God clapping his hands. Score: 1/1
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #17 Lightning Part 2 (April 10) April 9, 2012 11:07 PM April 9, 2012 11:19 PM 00:12:14 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
ECRA #17 Lightning Part 2 (April 10) April 9, 2012 11:07 PM April 9, 2012 11:19 PM 00:12:14 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
1. Between the years 2001 and 2006, who or what started more forest fires?
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In a cloud that is capable of producing a cloud-to-ground lightning strike, where to the negative charges accumulate in the cloud?
Student Response A. near the top of the cloud B. near the center of the cloud
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C. near the bottom of 100% the cloud D. on the right side of the cloud E. on the left side of the cloud Score: 3. Is the air a good conductor or electricity or a good insulator? 1/1
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Which of the following correctly lists the order of events for a cloud to ground lightning strike?
Student Response A. dart leader, stepped leader, return stroke, second return stroke B. stepped leader, dart leader, return stroke, second return stroke C. dart leader, return stroke, second return stroke, stepped leader
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100% D. stepped leader, return stroke, dart leader, second return stroke E. stepped leader, dart leader, return stroke, second return stroke Score: 5. True or False: If you are about to be struck by lightning, you hair may stand on end. 1/1
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #18 Lightning Part 3 (April 12) April 12, 2012 3:38 AM April 12, 2012 3:39 AM 00:00:32 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
ECRA #18 Lightning Part 3 (April 12) April 12, 2012 3:38 AM April 12, 2012 3:39 AM 00:00:32 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
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People struck by lightning carry an electrical charge and should not be touched.
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If you are caught outdoors during an electrical storm one of the safest places to be is in your car.
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If you feel your hair stand on end during an electrical storm, crouch down low to the ground you could be struck by lightning.
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #19 Thunderstorms Part 1 (April 17) April 17, 2012 9:00 AM April 17, 2012 9:06 AM 00:05:49 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
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Which of the following is not a requirement for the National Weather Service (NWS) to determine if a thunderstorm is severe?
Student Response A. frequent cloud to ground lightning B. hail bigger than 3/4 of an inch
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Which of the following is not a requirement for the National Weather Service (NWS) to determine if a thunderstorm is severe?
Student Response A. frequent cloud to ground lightning B. hail bigger than 3/4 of an inch C. 58 mph winds D. tornado Score: 3.
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For a thunderstorm to become severe, 4 ingredients are needed. Which ingredient listed below is NOT needed?
Student Response A. strong wind shear B. a source of moisture C. a trigger mechanism D. a conditionally unstable atmosphere E. warm surface air temperatures (T>72F) Score: 4.
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What is the name of the cloud pictured below as indicated with an arrow?
Student Response A. mammatus clouds B. anvil cloud C. shelf cloud D. roll cloud E. wall cloud Score: 5.
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How much water is in a typical thunderstorm if you were to measure its weight?
Student Response A. 500 tons B. 2,000 tons C. 5,000 tons D. 20,000 tons E. 3.7 million tons Score: Jump to Navigation Frame
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #20 - Stability Review (April 19) April 18, 2012 5:31 PM April 18, 2012 5:34 PM 00:03:32 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
ECRA #20 - Stability Review (April 19) April 18, 2012 5:31 PM April 18, 2012 5:34 PM 00:03:32 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
1. Using the sounding below, answer questions 1-5. Which arrow is pointing to the LCL (lifting condensation level)?
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At which letter would you find the base of a thunderstorm cloud that formed in this environment?
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #21 - MCSs (April 24) April 24, 2012 12:04 AM April 24, 2012 1:02 AM 00:57:15 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
1 . During which of the three stages of development of an ordinary (or airmass) thunderstorms does the downdraft develop?
Student Response A. cumulus stage B. mature stage C. dissipation stage D. the downdraft is present in all three stages. Score: 2 .
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The downdraft of a thunderstorm can be described as a pocket of descending that is loaded with precipitation falling from the storm. Is this pocket of air warm or cold as it falls from the cloud?
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Examine panel G in the six-panel figure on page 338 (Figure 18.5). Labeled in this image is "radar fine line - gust front". What type of cloud is often associated with this feature?
Student Response A. anvil cloud B. mammatus cloud C. wall cloud D. shelf cloud E. lenticular clouds Score: 4 .
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Identify the cloud pictured below. This cloud is often found on the underneath side of the anvil.
A. anvil cloud B. mammatus cloud C. wall cloud D. shelf cloud E. lenticular clouds Score: 4 . Identify the cloud pictured below. This cloud is often found on the underneath side of the anvil. 1/1 100%
Student Response A. Lenticular cloud B. shelf cloud C. mammatus cloud D. wall cloud E. funnel cloud F. roll cloud Score: 5 .
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The radar image below shows a bow echo associated with a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS). At which letter woud the most intense thunderstorm winds be located?
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #22 Supercells (April 24) April 24, 2012 6:34 PM April 26, 2012 2:31 AM 31:57:19 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
ECRA #22 Supercells (April 24) April 24, 2012 6:34 PM April 26, 2012 2:31 AM 31:57:19 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
1. Where is the frontal squall line typically located with respect to the low-pressure center of an Extra-Tropical Cyclone?
Student Response A. to the east of the low-pressure center B. to the west of the low-pressure center C. to the south of the low-pressure center D. to the north of the low-pressure center Score: 2.
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Examine the radar image below of a supercell thunderstorm. Where is the hook echo?
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Examine the radar image below of a supercell thunderstorm. Where is the hook echo?
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Student Response A. tornado B. mesoscale convective vortex C. flanking line D. mesocyclone E. rotating vault Score: Jump to Navigation Frame
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #23 Tornadoes Part 1 (May 1) May 1, 2012 12:24 AM May 1, 2012 12:44 AM 00:20:00 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
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When a tornado takes on a rope-like appearance, at what stage in the life cycle is this tornado?
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When a tornado takes on a rope-like appearance, at what stage in the life cycle is this tornado?
Student Response A. funnel cloud stage B. dust swirl stage C. organization stage D. mature stage E. shrinking and decaying stage Score: 3 .
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Ignoring Florida, what rank does Illinois get when the states are ranked by the average number of tornadoes per 10,000 square miles over the 50-yr period of 1953-2004?
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What percentage of all tornadoes reach EF-5 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale?
Student Response A. 0.3% B. 3% C. 9.3% D. 37.3% E. There have not been any EF-5 tornadoes. Score: 5 .
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Tornadoes are most frequent during the month of __________ around ____ o'clock in the __________.
Student Response A. February, 5, morning B. July, 3, afternoon C. May, 5, afternoon D. April, 8, evening E. August, 7, evening Score: Jump to Navigation Frame
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100%
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Title: Started: Submitted: Time spent: ECRA #24 Tornadoes Part 2 (May 1) May 1, 2012 12:44 AM May 1, 2012 12:59 AM 00:14:26 Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 5
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The "low-level jet" is an important feature of the environment within which supercells and tornadoes form. This fast pocket of wind is necessary for two primary reasons -
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The "low-level jet" is an important feature of the environment within which supercells and tornadoes form. This fast pocket of wind is necessary for two primary reasons first to help create the needed wind shear and second to transport warm moist air into the storm. From what direction does the low-level jet come from?
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B. southerly direction 100% C. westerly direction D. easterly direction E. there is no such feature called the "low-level jet" Score: 3 . What does the "mesocyclone" refer to? 1/1
Student Response A. the inner circulations of a wide tornado B. a very wide tornado C. the rotating updraft of a supercell thunderstorm D. a high latitude tornado E. the primary down draft of a supercell thunderstorm Score: 4 .
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100%
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If a tornado were to form within a supercell, from which of the following clouds would it emerge from?
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C. backsheared anvil 0% cloud D. scud cloud E. wall cloud Score: 5 . Examine the image below. Which letter represents the location of both the updraft of the supercell and the tornado? 0/1
Value 100%
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B. mammatus cloud C. backsheared anvil 0% cloud D. scud cloud E. wall cloud Score: 5 . Examine the image below. Which letter represents the location of both the updraft of the supercell and the tornado? 0/1
Value 100%
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