Examination of the Knee (1) INTRODUCE (2) LOOK Patient standing in anatomical position, knees exposed and straight.

. Look at skin scars, redness, swelling (localized or general or popliteal) Compare symmetry & alignment Patella position- high = patella Alta, low = Baja Knock knees (valgus deformity) or bow legged (varus deformity) Rashes possible psoriasis

(3)

FEEL Back of the hand compare temperature Palpate patella for tenderness & swelling Patient seated, knees flexed 90 degrees: palpate joint margins from femoral condyles to inferior pole patella. Then down patella tendon to tibial tuberosity. (Tenderness, swelling?) Behind the knee for popliteal swelling (Bakers cyst = benign swelling of the semimembranous or more rarely some other synovial bursa found behind the knee joint) Patient supine perform patella brush test

(4) MOVE Assess active and passive ROM of the knee (3 deg of hyperextension and 140 deg of flexion) acute extension block: - may be due to meniscus tear, ACL tear, swelling) Look for locking, abnormal movement, feel/listen for popping or grinding.

(5) FUNCTION Observe walking, sitting & standing (can do during LOOK) Tests for Ligamentous Stability: Lachmans & Anterior Draw Test & Test For MCL (Valgus Test) Stability Special Tests for Meniscus : McMurrays Test & Squat Test Tests For Patella Injuries: Apprehension Test & Patella Grinding Test.