Pakistan Jontnal of Biological Sciences 10 (17): 2998-3001, 2007 ISSN 1028-3880 © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information Lichen Flora of Pamukkale (Hierapolis), Turkey ‘Mustafa Yavuz and Galsah Cobanofu Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, University of Marmara, Goaepe Campus, TR-34722 Istanbul, Turkey ‘Abstract: A list of 82 lichen tase is reported:rom Pamukkale (Hierapolis) in the province of Denizli, Sixty four taxa from the study area are new records for the province, Four taxa are new to Turkey: Lecania sylvestris, Lecanora sambuct, Qpegrapha kerbarum, Peltula patellata. Key words: Lichen, calcareous, Denizli, flora, Tutk INTRODUCTION The floristic tudfes on the Turkish lichenshave been caried out intensively in the recent decades although there are sfll many intact places. The following study is focused onthe lichens of Pamukkale ierapolis) which is cited on the list of World Heritage of UNESCO being an antique city established in the second cenfury (B.C:) and also known for its thermal springs and unique natural architecture of the travertine. Besides the historical values, the city has a rich biodiversity especially with higher plants, magus vegetation and forests, So, itis also placed in a special status as Special Environment Protection Arex by the Tukish Republic Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Pamukkale is densely subject to tourism throughout the yea Pamukkale is stuated 20 km NW from Denizli province, It is located in the central Aegean region of Southwestem Anatolia 37°S4°S7°N, 2096! 46" E) (Fig. 1). “The study area covers about 20 km’, including antique Hierapotis city and the ruins, travertine region and surrounding villages, The elevation is between 250-490 m, The geological structure has 4 different units; ‘metamorphic rocks containing Neolithic martte and schist, sedimentary rocks containing pebble, sandstone and limestone, Quaternary alluviums and travertine. The region has 17 thermal areas sith water temperature of 35 to 100°C. The water consists of excessive amount of calcium bicarbonate (CaCO) which causes white precipitation (Calcium carbonate, CaCO.) in the half circle shaped travertine pool layers. The climate is ‘generally Mediterranean with low values of humicity in the south, ‘The average annual mean temperature is 15,7°C. The annual precipitation is about 554.5 mm (Kogan, 1993 a,b). Characteristic Mediterranean maquis elements are prevalent such as Arbutus weda, Phibiyrea latifolia, Laurus nobilis, Nerium oleander, Uiter agnus costs, Cunyoas tlex and Myrtus communis. The common trees are Querowr cosayera, Penus bratia, Pins mera (Neodet 2 al, 1993). Fig. 1: Position ofthe study area in Turkey and collecting sites indiested with numbers in Pamukkale Corresponding Author: Mustafa Yavuz, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Ants, University of Marmara, Giztepe Campus, TR-34722 Istanbul, Turkey 2998‘The lichen records from the area are very limited in literature (Schindler, 1998; John et af, 2000). There are only a few studies on the lichens of some other places in Denizli province Pisut, 1970, John, 1992, Breuss and John, 2004). List of collecting cites: DENIZLI-Pamukkale (Hierapolis 1: Notth entrance of Bath-Basilica and through west side of North Necropolis, 350 m, 10.VI11.2002, 37°55" 47" N - 29 OT TE. (02: South Roma Gate Travertine Reserve Hill, 360 m, 10.VIIL 2002, 37°58 19" N-29° OF 1” E 103: Southeastern parts of South Byzantines Walls, from CityBaths, 360m, 07 XII 2002, 37°55" 23°°N -29°07" 45" E, 104; Between cast of antic theatre and westside of city walls. 400 m, 67 TX 2008, 37°55" 38" N - 29° OF 46" E (0S: North and east sides of eistem, 430 m, 07.1X.2008, 37° $5" 43" N- 29°07" $5” E 106: Bast side of St Philippe Martyrium 430 m, 07 IX.2008, 37°59" 53°" N- 29°07" $4” B. 07: Bed of Kact River, 20m, 27 X1.2003, 37°55" 04" N - 2707 31” E, 18: Between Pamukkale city andl Travertines, 250-290 m, 27-X1.2003, 37°55" 13° N= 29°07" 0S" E 09: Forest Area on the north side of St. Philippe Maryriam 449m, 24 1V 2004, 375611" N-29° 07°30". 10; The hill on the eastside of the old theatre, 470 m, 2ALV.2004, 37°56" 06" N- 29°07 38° E, 1: The east face ofthe travertine slope on southwest side cof Quarto 320m, 20 V.2004, 37°59 M4" N= 29°07 11" E, 12! Bast Necropolis, the hill on the east side of North Baths, 440 m, 20.V.2004, N 37°56" 10” - E2907" 29”. 13: The cross path of South Road and Kadi River, southeast slopes 370 m, 26.2005, 37°55" 20” N - 29°08" 13° B. 114 The fait zone between Pamukkale-Karahayat, 390 m, 261 2008, 37°57" 10" N = 29°07" 00" E. MATERIALS AND METHODS ‘The lichen materials were collected from 10.08 200210 2601,2005 on different substrata from 14 cites in Pamukkale-antique Hierapolis ety and its surroundings in the province of Denizli. The geographic coordinates and elevations were recorded as well as the substrate types, Determinations were made at least at species level by using standard identification techniques. ‘The specimens are preserved in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Istanbul (MUFE), with numbers 1314-1458, The herbarium numbers are belonging. to Gulgah Cobanojilu (G.C.) in MUFE, 10 (17): 2998-3001, 2007 RESULTS: ‘The total lichen list includes 81 species (82 taxa) from. 33 genera belonging to 19 families. The nomenclature follows the recent literature (Witth, 1995, Blanco et al., 2004; Santesson ef af., 2004), The abbreviations of the authors” names are according to Brammitt and Powell (1992) A whole list of the 82 taxa is arranged in alphabetical order followed by the numbers of their collecting sites and the substratum data with the abbreviations given below. Lecania sylvestris, Lecanora sambuci, Opegrapha herbarum, Peltula patellata ave new lichen records for the Turkish flora, indicated by an asterisk (*) inthe list. A. umber sign () indicates new records (64) for the province of Denizli Abbreviations of substrates sed in the list: E : Epiphytic on trees C+ CaCO, containing caleareous roek-limesteme CS: CaCO, containing calcareous soil MH: Mossy habitat L = Lichenicolous M = Museicolous S_ = Siliceous rock TT: Terricolous List of taxa: Aearospora cervina A Massal. 2,4, 5,6,93(C). + Aoarospora macrospora (Hepp.) A Massa. ex Bag. 20. Aspicilia calcarea (L.} Mud. 1, 2,3, 4, 5,6,8, 10,11, 12, ©. + Aspicilia contorta (Hoflm.) Kremp. ssp. contorta 10, 12,14 (0). + Aspicilia contorta ssp. haffmanniana SEkman and Froberg 1, 4,5, 8(C). Aspicilia recedens (Tayloc) Amold 13 (S). Buellia Badia (Fr) A Massal. 2(C, L) Catoplaca alociza(A Massal.) Mig. 2,8, 12(C) Catoplace aractina (Fe) Hayrén 13 (C). Caloplaca cerina (hth, ex Hedw-) ThFr. var. ceria 5,10, 13, 14). + Caloplaca cerinelloides (Erichsen) Poelt 13 (E. Catoplaca chalybaea (Fr.) Mall Arg. 12 (C). + Catoplaca citrina (Hoftim.) ThFr. 2, 4(C), + Caloplaca coronata (Kremp. ex Korb.) J.Steiner 14 ©. + Caloptaca decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. and Forssell 13, ©. Caloplaca dolomiticota (Hue) Zahlbe. 124C), Caloplaca erythrocarpa (Pers.) Zwackh 14 (C) + Caloplaca flavescens Huds.) JR Laundon 1, 4, 5.6, 8u©, 2999)+ Calopiaca holocarpa Hittin. ex Ach) AE Wade 1, 3,5,9.10,13, 140). Caloplaca inconnesa (Ny) Za, 2,9, 10 (1). + Caloplaca lactea (A Massa.) Zab. 2, 4,8 (C) + Caloptaca huteoalba (Turmee) Th. 1,2(C). + Caloplaca saxicola (Hollin.) Nordin 9(C). + Caloplacateicholya (Ach }ISteiner 1,3, 4, 5, 6,8, ©). + Caloplaca variabilis Pers.) Mall.Ary 6,8, 10, 12,13, 14) + Candeiareila aurelia (Hott) Zab. 1,4, 5,6,8,9, 10, 12,14(0). + Candelariella medians (yl) ALSm. 6,14(0) Candelarelta vitellina (Hott) Mall Arg. 13, 14 (C) + Candelareliaxanthostigma (Ach Leta 10, 13 (B). + Catapyrenivon squamutostan (Ach.) Brows 2 3,47, 8,11, 13(CS- MED, + Cladoniafotacea (wis) Willd, 2,11 (T-NIH). + Cladonia pociltum (Ach. ) Grognat 11 (T = MH) + Collema cristatum (L.) Weber ex FHWigg. var eristatum 12, 13,146) + Collema tenav(Sw.) Ach, em. Degel.1,2,3,4.5,6, 7, 8,11, 13(CS-MED + Diploschistes musconam (Scop.) R Sant. 11, 14 (©) Diploschistes ocellatu (Vill) Norman 2, 8,11,13(C). Diplotomma epipolium Arnold. 4, 5,6, 8, 10,12(C). + Fulgensia ulgens (Sw) Elkin 2.7.8, 11, 13 (C, CS - MH) Lecania syivestris(Amold) Amold 4, 14 (C) + Lecania trivensis (Hepp) Mall. Are, 4(C). + Lecanora albescens (Hoftin.) Branth and Rostrap 11 oy Lecanora campestris (Schnee) Hue 1.5 (C,B). Lecanora dispersa (Pers) Sommert i, 10,14(C. 8. + Lecanora sambuci (Pers )Nyl. 14 8). + Lecanora varia (Hoftn,) Ach 14 (B). Lecidea lurida Ach. 13 (C). + Lecidellaelaeochroma (Ach.) M.Choisy 5,13 (2). + LichinellastipatiaNyl. 13 8). Lobothallia radiosa (Hott) Hateler 4, 8, 13, 14 (C). “+ Opegrapha herbarum Mont. 2) + Peiula euploca (Ach,)Poelt 13 (8). "+ Petula patellata (Bagh) Swinse, et Krog. 14 (C). Phacoplyscia orbicuaris (Neck ) Moberg 5, 10 ). Physoia adsoendens (Fr) Olivier 4 10,13 (EC). Phycia stellars(L,) Nyl. 10, 13,14 (2. Physoia tribacia (Ach) Ny. 14 (C). Physconiadistorta (With ) JR Laundon 5,10 (B) Physconia grisea (Lam. Pool 13 E). Placocarpus schaereri(W.) Breuss 4,8,9, 10,13, 14(C). + Placynthiten nigram Huds} ray 2,11 Protoparmeliopsis murals (Schreb,) MChoisy 2 3, 4, 5, 6,8,9,10,13, 14, 8) 10 (17): 2998-3001, 2007 + Psora decipiens (Hed) Hoftin, 3,7, 8,13 (CS- MED. + Rinodina bischaffii Hepp) A Massal.2(C). Rinodina catearea (Amold) Amold 2, 4, 5,8 13,14 (C). + Rinodina exigua (Ach) Gray 10, 13 + Rinodina gennarit Bagl. 10, 14 (C), + Sarcogyne privigna var. calvicola H Magn. 14 (C), + Sarcogone regularis Keeb. 14 (C) ‘Squamarina cartilaginea (With,) P James 1,2, 4,6, 7,8, 11, 13, 14(C, CS - MED. + Toninia candida (Weber) Th. Fr. 13 (CS -MH). ‘Toninia cinereovirens (Schaer) A Massal. 5,13 (C= MH). Toninia diffracta (A Massa. )Zalilbr. 2(C), + Toninia physaroides (Cpiz) Zahlbs. 7 (CS ~ MED. + Toninia sedifotia (Seop.) Timdal 2, 8, 11 (CS - MED. + Verrucaria fuscella (Tamer) Wineh 4, 5, 6,8 12,14 CL + Verrucaria lecideoides (A Massal.) Trevisan 2, 3, 8 ©. + Vernucariamuralis Ach. 1,2,3,4,5,6.8,11,12,13,14 ©. + Verruoaria nigrescens Pess. 1,24, 5,8,10,11,12,13, 140). Verrucaria viridula (Schrad.) Ach. 3 (C). + Xanthoparmelia pulla (Ach.) ©.Blaneo, A.Crespo, Elix, D Hawkew. and Lumbsch 13 (S), + Xanthovia parietina(L.) Thr. 3,5, 10, 13, 14 (). + Xanthoria polycarpa (Hotli.)Rieber 14 (E, ND, DISCUSSION In the literature on the lichens of Denizli province including Pisut (1970), John (1992), Schindler (1998), Toh ef al. (2000) and Breuss and John (2004), totally 34 lichen species have been recorded, Highteen of these species were alto recorded in this study. All the other 64 species are new to Pamukkale and Denizli. Lecania sylvestris, Lecanora sambuci, Opegrapha herbarum, Peltula patellaia ace new records for the Turkish lichen flora Majarity of the species are caleicolous (63.7%), terricolous | (16.8%) and epiphytic species follows (11.7%). Lichenicolous lichens are 3.9% of the whole taxa. Siliceous species have a lower proportion with 2.7% and museicolous lichens with 0.8%. This densely distribution of the saxieolous species (66.4%) and lower proportion of the epiphytic species is related to the vegetation properties of the stuly area The forest vegelation is very poor, not exceeding 2 of 3 tees, but mostly maquis in the area, The common culture forms of Pinus and Cupressus species, as being too young for lichen growth, have only a few lichens. Ax the only collection site with mumber 13 have some siliceous rocks in the study area, the saxicolous substrata are composed of mainly calearcous rocks, 3000)Most of the substrate types of the lichens in the area sonorally correspond with the literature, Buellia badia and Buellia epipolia indicated lichenicolous development on the thallus of Lecanora murals, also Caloplaca inconnesa on the thalli of Acarospore cerving and Placocarpus schacrei ‘Morphological propertions ofthe whole taxa ince 57.8% cnstose taxa and 152% placodioid, 137 scquamulose tax, 12.9% foliose taxa and 0,6 fretioose taxa. The genus with the highest number in the area is Caloplaca represented by 18 taxa which is 21.95% in pereentage, 13 of Caloplaca taxa are calciolous, 2 epiphytic and 1 lichenicolows. Due 10 the natral calcareous properties of substrates in the area, cacicolows taxa of Calopiaca are dominant. The gers Calopiaca is wisely distributed on calcareous substrate that corresponds with the lterare about lichen records from Pamukkale (Hierapolia)distict (Schindler, 19%, John and Senvrard, 2000), Tt fas been very dificult to detenminate some species because of morphological changes due to the high amount of CaCO) in travertine rocks precipitated from Thermal Spring water, Therefore some species such as Fulgensia fulgens aul Squamorina cartilaginea bas whitish appearance, differing from their normal colours In this study, lichen flora of Pamukkale is reported and habitat - substrate data are also discussed, It includes the first detailed ist of lichens from Pamulkale-Hierapois sintrit with historic an touristic vas ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: We wish to thank The Research Fund of the University of Marmara for providing financial suppeet in this study, Project Number: FEN-102/020603, REFERENCES: Blanco, 0., A. Crespo, JA. Blix, DL. Hawksworth and HT. 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