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More efficient mixing and milling units In-line liquid mass flow meters On-line monitoring systems New safety equipment
Improvements
Modifiers
Better Plants
Cleaner
water damage
Pavement warranties
More common
Crude oil
Oil vaporizes and rises up the tower Vapor cools--molecules condense--heavier ones collecting at the bottom, lighter ones rising to the top. Heaviest hydrocarbons
Lighter hydrocarbons
Stream pulled from bottom --> reduced crude --> further distilled in vacuum distillation tower into asphalt and heavy gas oils. Asphalt further processed for sale
Batch Plants:
350 metric tons per hour One batch (2-5.5 metric tons) --> 15-45 seconds
Emissions
Control/Prevention of Waste
Over 95 million metric tons of asphalt paving material is recycled each year. Americas most recycled material
Convection, radiation
Asphalt surface temperature drops Cooler surface insulates interior mass.
Air temperature, rain, wind, length of haul affect the characteristics and temperature of crust.
More Efficient Healthier for the Environment Durable Safe Economic Transportation
Concrete
http://www.technologystudent.com/joints/plastic3.html http://www.huntrefining.com/Process.aspx http://www.lafarge-na.com/wps/portal/na/en/3_C_2_1Manufacturing_process http://www.homeconstructionimprovement.com/cost-asphaltdriveways http://www.pavementinteractive.org/article/hma-transport/ http://www.marathonpetroleum.com/Brands_Products/Products/Asp halt/ http://bradleyasphalt.com/advantages-asphalt-pavement-concretepavement/ http://www.paversearch.com/asphalt-paving-advantages.htm http://www.enotes.com/asphalt-cement-reference/asphalt-cement http://asphaltroads.org/Environment http://www.asphaltpavement.org/index.php?option=com_content&vie w=article&id=21&Itemid=41 http://www.ehow.com/about_4570836_disadvantages-concrete.html