Rohil Pravin Bhardwaj 10.

2 Year 10 Humanities- Analysis of the French Revolution Overview: Following our study of Revolutions, you are required to investigate the characteristics of a certain revolution in history and significantly analyze it Research Question: To what extent the French Revolution brought about change Understanding the Task Initial Preparation -Deciding on a significant revolution that will be the core of my presentation

-Analyzing all the given revolutions, picking the most appropriate one for me -Starting to navigate around the web, to determine a list of potential sources -Marking down sources that can potentially provide me with essential information

Initial Research -Analyzing multiple sources to find out what the existing regime was, (Pre-Revolution)
-Constructing perceptive information about the causes that triggered the Revolution -Constructing a general summary of the French Revolution that took place in 1787 -Construct a bulleted list on significant reasons that triggered the French Revolution -Comprehensively outlining the major events that took place during the Revolution

Further Research -Studying Bane Crintons Anatomy of a Revolution, until all stages are throughly understood -Analyzing multiple sources to find out the different stages of The French Revolution -Constructing the stages of The French Revolution in the context of Bane Crintons 7 stages -Refer to the outline of the major events as this will significantly help to determine the stages

Final Research -Analyzing multiple sources to find out the consequences of the Revolution

-Re-evaluating notes to detect any differences between the systems of the two countries -Separately documenting the similarities and differences as a new set of notes -Analyze sources to ensure that these similarities exist and arent just opinion based.

Final Touches -Producing a script with integral elements and information from the research notes

-Compiling a keynote presentation to escort me while presenting information -Present the keynote presentation to the class after the holidays -Meticulously evaluate on the action plan, so improvements can be made for next time

Rohil Pravin Bhardwaj 10.2 What do I need to find out? What do I already know?
Already Know: -The French Revolution began in 1787 and ended in 1799 -The events that transpired profoundly impacted modern history -Over 97% of the French Population at the time were peasants/working poor -The existing regime was an absolute monarchy, where King Louis XVI was in power Need to Find Out -Brief summary/introduction to the French Revolution -The problems within the existing regime (why individuals wanted change) -The events that galvanized the bourgeoisie to start a revolution -Outlining the major events that took place during the Revolution -The stages of the French Revolution -Bane Crintons Anatomy of a Revolution (the 7 stages) -Whether the Revolution succeeded or failed. Was it a positive change? -Consequences or effects of The French Revolution -To what extent did the revolution bring about change in France

Research -Short introduction about The French Revolution -All the events that caused a Revolution to transpire (dissatisfaction) -An outline of the major events that occurred during The French Revolution -The stages of The French Revolution in the context of Bane Crintons 7 stages -The consequences and effects due to The French Revolution Potential Sources -A plethora of websites on the internet can be helpful -Online magazines or articles featured by companies like the economist -Books that can be found in the library -Using a research database like the RCHK lirc, to filter research and information

Short Introduction to The French Revolution Researched Information -French Revolution, a revolution by the people of France that lasted from 1789 to 1799. The original goals, to
create a constitutional monarchy and reform the financial and political structure of the nation, soon developed into a move to overthrow the king and establish a republic

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-At the beginning of the French Revolution, there were three classes of people in France. The privileged class
consisted of nobility and high-ranking clergy; the middle class, of merchants and professional people; and the lowest class, of peasants and working people. The peasants, who either were tenant farmers or owners of tiny plots of land, were heavily taxed by the government. They had additional dues imposed by the feudal lords and the Church -Bread prices became so high that many city workers were near starvation. -Toward the end of the 18th century, France's financial condition became desperate. Louis XV, who reigned 1715-74, emptied the treasury by his extravagance and poor government. He was succeeded by Louis XVI, a well-meaning but weak king. Queen Marie Antoinette and the court were extravagant. Assistance to the United States in the Revolutionary War also drained France's resources. France was almost bankrupt. Final Paraphrased Introduction Going on Website: -The French Revolution was an immensely significant event in history, the events that occurred during the revolution radically affected the the social and political characteristics in France from 1789 to 1799, subsequently it was a revolution that comprehensively affected modern history by distinguishing the abolishment of absolute monarchies, and the robust rise of democracy and nationalism. The Revolution was a revolt from The Third Estate (poorest individuals in French society) that opposed against the absolute monarchy of the Clergy and the Nobility (citizens of a higher status). The culmination of all the events and stages of the revolution ultimately led to the execution of King Louis XVI and his wife and the abolishment of the absolute monarchy.

The causes of The French Revolution (Researched work)

-The major cause of the French Revolution was the disputes between the different types of social classes in French society. The French Revolution of 1789-1799 was one of the most important events in the history of the world.

-Another cause was the fact that Louis XV fought many wars, bringing France to the verge of bankruptcy, and
Louis XVI supported the colonists during the American Revolution, exacerbating the precarious financial condition of the government. The national debt amounted to almost 2 billion livres. The social burdens caused by war included the huge war debt, made worse by the monarchy's military failures and ineptitude, and the lack of social services for war veterans.

-The French population was divided in 3 estates. The first two (the Clergy and the Nobility) concentrated all the
powers. The Third estate, which represented the poorest citizen, wanted more rights and the dissolution of the Ancien Regime system.

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-France had an unfair taxation system. This coupled with a growing debt caused by the Seven Years War and
the American War of Independence caused many lower class French people to go hungry as nobles with exempted from all taxes. King Louis XVI attempted to reform the tax system but was met with strong opposition from the parliaments. -The peasants suffered doubly from the economic and agricultural problems -The nation had suffered due to the lavish spending of King Louis XVI Final causes to be posted on website 1. The population was divided into 3 estates, the Clergy and Nobility were the elites as they had seized power, The Third Estate (poorest citizens) wanted more rights and opted for the abolishment of the current regime, as the elite estates weren't able to satisfy the public 2. Economic depression, this was evident in the agrarian crisis of 1788-89, subsequently this caused discontent within the bourgeoisie community as even an essential commodity like food became extremely rare and expensive. 3. The nation declared bankrupt due to the extravagant spending of King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette , consequently the economy was destroyed. This made life immensely hard for citizens, especially within the bourgeoise (middle class) and Third Estate community 4. The nation had an extravagant amount of debt, that was the result of an extremely poor tax system. Based on the immensely flawed system, the Nobles and Clergy (elites) weren't required to pay taxes, therefore the burden on common citizens significantly increased as they were required to pay the tax, initially meant to be paid by the elites. 5. France had a fundamental role in the deciding of The American Revolutionary War in 1775 as it sent troops to defend against opposing colonists, consequently during the war, there was a plethora of contact between the French and the American's, during this time analyzed and discussed revolutionary ideas. 6. The poor living conditions in the countryside, forced a plethora of Third Estate and bourgeoisie citizens to move to Paris, crop failures in the 1780's led to the abrupt rise of price in food, consequently the peasants suffered from economic depression and agricultural problems

Outline of the Events in The French Revolution (Research)

1. Feudalism and Unfair Taxation 2. The Estates General 3. The Bastille and the Great Fear 4. Rifts in the Assembly 5. The Reign Of Terror 6. The Thermidorian Reaction 7. Napoleon

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Final Outline of Events in the website -Feudalism and Unfair Taxation!

France had followed a regime that promoted feudal!oppression!and scal mismanagement, consequently the Third Estate (bourgeoisie, peasants and working poor) grew increasingly!incompetent!with the government, as a result of the demolished economy, King Louis XVI was forced to hire a plethora of nancial advisors to attempt to rectify the situation, however they all arrived at the same conclusion; that the current tax system had to be abolishment and replacement by an improved. The King came to the!realisation!that the tax system needed a complete reform, therefore he hired a new general of nance, Charles de Calonne in 1783. Calonne!immediately!suggested that the nobility (elite) should be required to pay taxes as well, however the nobility instantly!declined even after the general of nance pleaded in the Assembly of Notables in 1987, a broken nancial system seemed imminent!

The Estates-General!

In an act of extreme desperation, King Louis XVI intervened the Estates General, an assembly comprising of different estates, each estate represented a different section of the French population, The Nobility and Clergy were the elite in society, and the Third Estate comprised of bourgeoisie, working poor and peasants. Should the Estates-General have agreed on a suitable solution that would abolish the problems from the current tax system, it would have been implemented immediately, however since 2/3 of the parties were tax-exempt, it was highly unlikely that a solution to this problem would ever be addressed. Furthermore after many feuds, The Third Estate declared itself as the sovereign National Assembly. Instantly members from the other two parties decided to join this revolutionary society

The Bastille and the Great Fear!

Swiftly after the National Assembly was assembled, all of its members were required to take the Tennis Court Oath on June 17 1789, In more condensed terms, each member swore to relentlessly challenge the government until a new constitution had been established and inaugurated. The passionate spirit of the National Assembly had galvanised France, farmers and peasants started to rebel against the robust oppression that was compressing them down, !by attacking the estate of their landlords. These rural attacks were dubbed "The Great Fear", this continued until the August Decrees, which marked the freedom of peasants from their oppressive instructions. Shortly after these events the assembly revealed a deceleration which established a legitimate judicial code, that the French citizens had to abide by

Rifts in the Assembly!

The extreme efforts of the National Assembly to establish and inaugurate a legitimate constitution, unfortunately this was highly in-effective as a rift grew within members of the assembly as the common workers felt overlooked. During this time period King Louis XVI was caught as he tried to fake as escape by dressing up as a member of the bourgeoisie community. ! The Girondins were in favour of retaining the constitutional monarchy, while the Jacobins wanted the king to be abolished from his position. Outside of France some countries feared that the revolution may quickly spread, subsequently as protocol, they issued a declaration which insisted that King Louis should retain his position as king. The political factions were infuriated and the Girondin assembly declared war on Austria and Prussia.

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The Reign of Terror!

The National Convention was a new assembly as it succeeded the Legislative Assembly. The rst act of the National Convention was the abolishment of the absolute monarchy, furthermore, France was also declared a republic. In January 1793, Louis XVI was executed as he was convicted with conspiracy with foreign countries and sentenced to death. The war with Austria was extremely unsuccessful for France, therefore with the Girondins eliminated, the Jacobins, led by Maximillien Robespierre took control. Robespierre was a dexterous individual as he established laws to stabilise the economy. For a short period of time, it seemed that France's problems would be permanently alleviated, however Robespierre was paranoid about individuals that were against revolutions, therefore he embarked on a vicious killing spree, killing more than 15,000 individuals, this unfortunate time was known as The Reign of Terror, while it did stabilise the economy, Robespierre's actions were unjustiable, and ultimately he was imprisoned and executed!

The!Thermidorian!Reaction!

The post Robespierre period is known as the Thermidorian Reaction, during this time, the government started to contemplate restructure several aspects of the system, this led to improved constitution of 1975. To control responsibilities and appointments, a faction called the Directory was formed.

Napoleon!

French armies during this time were accustomed to immense success, especially those led by ambitious general Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon was with his army as they pulverized a plethora of countries before unfortuneatley surrounding to Egypt, after hearing news of political change in France, Napoleon instantly returned home and appointed himself consul. Finally after 15 years of melancholic hardship the revolution ended as France was under control by the military!

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Stages of The French Revolution according to Bane Crintons Anatomy of Revolutions -There was no information on this on the internet, so information from the events outline had to be taken and analyzed to see which one fit which stage the best Final 7 Stages to be put on website
-Stage 1: Normal

The Regime that France followed before its tenacious Revolution was an absolute monarchy as King Louis XVI and his wife was in absolute power. When King Louis inherited power, he was in control of the most successful country in Europe (at the time), Furthermore the population of France was classified into three different factions: The Nobles, The Clergy's (elite) and finally The Third Estate (poorest civilians). Over 97% of the population belonged to the Third Estate.

Stage 2: Criticism of Existing Regime One of the defining characteristics of this stage is that the state is economically weak, this was evident as France was in massive debt due to the lavish spending of King Louis and his wife, furthermore, the tax system implemented was ludicrous as the common people and bourgeoisie were required to pay the tax burden left behind by the elite factions. Subsequently this led to a pulverised economy and the scarcity of a common commodity such as food. Another characteristic of this stage is that the government is weak and unable to enforce it's own rules, this is evident as the general of finance, Charles de Calonne suggested that the Nobility and Clergy's (elite members of society should pay tax) however this was instantly dismissed by the elite members of society, furthermore, in an attempt of desperation King Louis visited The Estades-General to persuade them about implementing a new tax system, however his attempt was extremely in-affective as they immediately refused. The final and obvious characteristic is the criticism of the current regime, this is evident as the bourgeoisie started to grow increasingly incompetent with the government as they had to endure an extremely harsh lifestyle, furthermore the elite factions turned on the government when it was suggested that they too should contribute to paying tax

Stage 3: Widespread Dissatisfaction This stage is when a plethora of individuals agree with the criticism of the existing regime, and start to support the opposing side, or the side that is ambitiously and passionately seeking change. This a stage correlates to the French Revolution, On May 28th 1789, The Third Estate declared themselves as the National Assembly, they took the Tennis oath, promising that they would relentlessly fight with passion until the government establishes and inaugurates a constitution, evidence that there was widespread dissatisfaction is that a plethora members from both elite parties, along with an increasingly large amount of individuals from The Third Estate joined the national assembly due to their incompetence and widespread dissatisfaction with the current regime. The Third Estate were always infuriated due to the influx of tax rate and their immensely tough living conditions, however the elite factions lost members when King Louis desperately pleaded that the elite members of society were required to be taxed as well.

Stage 4: Transfer of Power The radicals began to rebel against the robust oppression they were facing, this was done by attacking the estate of the Nobles, Clergy's and their landlords. These attacks were carried out by passionate members that were galvanised by the idea of a revolution, as the August of Decrees freed the bourgeoisie from oppression, but more importantly they had finally seized power, as they had abolished the old regime (absolute monarchy)

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furthermore, they influenced the government to draft a new and improved constitution that would supposedly improve the lives of millions

Stage 5: Civil War

The National Assembly worked tirelessly to initiate and inaugurate a constitution that would significantly better their lives, however unfortunately there was a rift in the assembly as common workers felt unnesscary and unimportant, The Girondins and Jacobins were the friction to the revolution as they wanted to see the abolishment of the monarchy, however felt it was necessary to stop the revolution as these were 3 factions with different opinions, the Jacobins believed in conservative change while the Girondins believed in radical change, consequently this led to the Girondins declaring war with Austria and Prussia

Stage 6: Reign of Terror

Napoleon Bonaparte had all the ingredients of a ruthless and relentless army that was capable of demolishing millions of people, When Napoleon feared that certain individuals were counter-revolutionary, he used his robust army to embark upon a killing spree, in which more than 15,000 individuals were killed. This is the most recognized stage of the French Revolution, due to the immense amount of violence this period was called "The Reign of Terror"

Stage 7: Thermidorian Reaction

During this period, the government was recovering from the fever of revolutions as they were contemplating aspects of their regime to change, Napoleon used his ruthless army to establish some laws, and this led to constitution of 1975. Furthermore, France was under the authority of the military for the next 15 years as Napoleon stepped up and decided to be consul.

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Consequences of The French Revolution (Research)
- Feudalism was destroyed and all the laws of the Old Regime were cancelled. - The lands of the Church and the nobles were confiscated and these were bought by the middle classes who now became politically powerful. - All privileged classes were abolished. - Capitalism became the new economic system. - The word 'nation' was given a new meaning which stressed on the people being the source of all power and authority. The nation was sovereign and no foreign power had authority to interfere in its internal matters. - The Jacobins gave to all, the right to vote and to revolt, and to have their grievances settled. - Slavery was abolished in all French colonies. - In 1792, all non-propertied classes (workers, peasants, artisans) were given equal political rights. - The ideas of social equality and socialism became popular.

Final Consequences/Aftermath to be put into website The French Revolution was a major event in modern history, as it served as a catalyst to a plethora of revolutionary events in France. The Revolution may have seemed a failure, as it took multiple years and stages to reach the end goal, however the French Revolution had extensively positive results as it radically altered the military, government and administration The Third Elite comprising of the Bourgeoisie, Peasants and Working Poor emerged as the authoritative force, as the revolution they had proposed had successfully led to the abolishment of an absolute monarchy, furthermore, the church was suppressed from power, as a result of this a new and improved tax system was implemented to alleviate the economic burden on citizens. This resulted in an economy that was finally stable and healthy, therefore the living conditions of all citizens improved Furthermore, Feudalism was demolished and the laws of the old regime were rescinded as the implementation of the "Code Napoleon" The Third Elite had gained social class and order, as a result of this all elite classes were abolished, slavery was abolished in every single French Colony, thus the ideas of social equality and socialism grew increasingly popular with the public. In conclusion, in 1972 The Third Elite were given equal political rights, the church and land belonging to the elites was suppressed, a genuine tax system was implemented and this significantly aided, a capitalism styled economy was established, furthermore, all elite classes were abolished. Finally Feudalism was demolished and France was a sovereign stage as no other countries could interfere with its internal matters

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Bibliography for Introduction Research: French Revolution. (n.d.). HowStuffWorks. Retrieved March 17, 2014, from http:// history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/french-revolution-info.htm French Revolution Introduction. (n.d.). Infoplease. Retrieved March 19, 2014, from http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/french-revolution.html French Revolution. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved March 16, 2014, from http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/219315/French-Revolution Bibliography for Causes Research:

Causes of the French Revolution. (n.d.). Causes of the French Revolution. Retrieved March 17, 2014, from https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist151s03/french_rev_causes_consequences.htm
France History - Causes of the French Revolution. (n.d.). Causes of the French Revolution. Retrieved March 18, 2014, from http://www.bonjourlafrance.com/francefacts/france-history/causes-of-the-french-revolution.htm The French Revolution. (n.d.). The French Revolution. Retrieved March 18, 2014, from http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/westn/frenchrev.html Bibliography for Outline of Events Research: Event Summary In The French Revolution. (n.d.). SparkNotes. Retrieved March 18, 2014, from https://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/frenchrev/summary.html

Carter, A. (n.d.). Events in The French Revolution. The Daily Beast. Retrieved March 19, 2014, from http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/12/24/the-french-revolution-for-dummies-and-les-misrables-watchers.html
Bibliography for Consequences Research: What were the Consequences of the French Revolution within France?. (n.d.). What were the Consequences of the French Revolution within France?. Retrieved March 18, 2014, from http://www.preservearticles.com/201107159174/what-were-the-consequences-ofthe-french-revolution-within-france.html

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