A

A REPORT
on

“Product/Service design from customer requirement

perspective in FMCG Products of Hindustan Unilever
Ltd.”
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF THE
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Dr. Amit Gupta
Project Co-ordinator
SUBMITTED BY:
VIPUL
Batch BBA III (A)
 TABLE OF CONTESTS

1) Acknowledgement
2) Preface
3) Certificate of originality
4) Executive Summary
5) Objective of research
6) Company Profile
7) Research problem and its relevance
8) Research Methodology
9) Conclusion
10) Bibliography
11)Questionnaire
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

As any one who has written a project work, or research work, it is quite impossible
to acknowledge by name every individual who has played some part in this work. I
feel it difficult to express in words my profound sense of gratitude to most
respected persons who helped me to make this work possible.

I acknowledge my gratitude to respected faculty Ms Poonam Mallik & Ms

Vandana Sharma who have been kind enough to suggest improvement of this work
and make it broad, based.

I would like to thank my center head Major Gen. V. S. Yadav jaipur and TEAM
OF HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LTD. for their support and encouragement. Finally
of course great debts are owed to my all-friends whose wholehearted support has
given me the inspiration and dedication to complete this work.

VIPUL
 PREFACE

Fast Moving Consumer Goods popularly known FMCG is as the name suggests is

the most demanded products in the market. It includes every thing from food items

like flour, biscuits, ice creams, etc to body products soaps, face creams to

cigarettes to beverages, etc. consumers need these things in their everyday life so

they invests a good portion of there income in these things. There are so many

companies which are dealing in FMCG products like HUL, Dabur, Cavin Care,

AMUL dealing in dairy products, etc. By the vary nature of the product the

companies are seeing this as a great source of income. As large number of

companies are looking this sector as a profitable venture, so for sustaining there

position and gain new market they have to bring some thing unique in there

products or services to gain position in the market or to sustain there.

In this project my focus is on tracking down the changing requirements,

preferences, needs of customers and their changing perspective on the different

products offered
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The main objective of the project is to get the full knowledge of the products of the
HUL and what are they doing to get the customer loyalty, to maintain there market.
This is also to find the preferences of customer and there market knowledge and
product information, information about the presence of the rivals of HUL and all
the other options they have in the market. What are the techniques they adopt to
know about the preferences and changing needs of the customer?

HUL are also looking to tap the market in rural sector, so they also taking into
consideration the needs and wants of the people there. They are also studying the
consumption habits of the rural people. Like most of them are daily wage earners
or small peasants, so they are studying the buying patterns of them also.
 OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH

The main objective of this project is to find, what are the steps Hindustan Unilever
Ltd. is adapting to be market leader and to differentiate itself from its competitors.
What is the steps company is utilizing to find current trend in the market?
Most of the product of HUL comes in the category of convenience products. They are
frequently used and bought by the customers. There is large no. of players in the
market, who are supplying similar product to the customers.
Now, customers have become smart, they have great knowledge of market, product
and suppliers. So, they are looking for the product which is providing something
extra.
HUL has a wide range of product in FMCG sector, covering almost every needs and
wants of the customers. It has products for child, young & adult, male & female, etc.
so, it has to differentiate its products taking into account the needs and demands of all
the sectors of the society.
Not, only product but it has to look upon the services and feed back from customers
also. It should do something to give after sales service and collect feed back from the
customers.
The basic objective of this project is as mentioned above to find ways so that HUL
remain market leader by considering all the needs & wants and fulfilling their
demand.
 COMPANY PROFILE

Company’s Background
Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) is India's largest Fast Moving Consumer Goods
Company, touching the lives of two out of three Indians with over 20 distinct
categories in Home & Personal Care Products and Foods & Beverages. They endow
the company with a scale of combined volumes of about 4 million tonnes and sales of
Rs.10,000 crores.

HUL is also one of the country's largest exporters; it has been recognized as a Golden
Super Star Trading House by the Government of India.

The mission that inspires HUL's over 15,000 employees, including over 1,300
managers, is to "add vitality to life." HUL meets everyday needs for nutrition,
hygiene, and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get
more out of life. It is a mission HUL shares with its parent company, Unilever, which
holds 51.55% of the equity. The rest of the shareholding is distributed among 380,000
individual shareholders and financial institutions.

HUL's brands - like Lifebuoy, Lux, Surf Excel, Rin, Wheel, Fair & Lovely, Pond's,
Sunsilk, Clinic, Pepsodent, Close-up, Lakme, Brooke Bond, Kissan, Knorr-
Annapurna, Kwality Wall's – are household names across the country and span many
categories - soaps, detergents, personal products, tea, coffee, branded staples, ice
cream and culinary products. They are manufactured over 40 factories across India.
The operations involve over 2,000 suppliers and associates. HUL's distribution
network comprising about 4,000 redistribution stockists, covering 6.3 million retail
outlets reaching the entire urban population, and about 250 million rural consumers.

HUL has traditionally been a company, which incorporates latest technology in all its
operations. The Hindustan Unilever Research Centre (HLRC) was set up in 1958, and
now has facilities in Mumbai and Bangalore. HLRC and the Global Technology
Centers in India have over 200 highly qualified scientists and technologists, many
with post-doctoral experience acquired in the US and Europe.

HUL believes that an organization’s worth is also in the service it renders to the
community. HUL is focusing on health & hygiene education, women empowerment,
and water management. It is also involved in education and rehabilitation of special or
underprivileged children, care for the destitute and HIV-positive, and rural
development. HUL has also responded in case of national calamities / adversities and
contributes through various welfare measures, most recent being the village built by
HUL in earthquake affected Gujarat, and relief & rehabilitation after the Tsunami
caused devastation in South India.

In 2001, the company embarked on an ambitious programme, Shakti. Through Shakti,

HUL is creating micro-enterprise opportunities for rural women, thereby improving
their livelihood and the standard of living in rural communities. Shakti also includes
health and hygiene education through the Shakti Vani Programme, and creating access
to relevant information through the iShakti community portal. The program now
covers 15 states in India and has over 31,000 women entrepreneurs in its fold,
reaching out to 100,000 villages and directly reaching to 150 million rural consumers.
By the end of 2010, Shakti aims to have 100,000 Shakti entrepreneurs covering
500,000 villages, touching the lives of over 600 million people.
HUL is also running a rural health programme – Lifebuoy Swasthya Chetana. The
programme endeavors to induce adoption of hygienic practices among rural Indians
and aims to bring down the incidence of diarrhea. It has already touched 70 million
people in approximately 15000 villages of 8 states. The vision is to make a billion
Indians feel safe and secure.

If Hindustan Unilever straddles the Indian corporate world, it is because of being

single-minded in identifying itself with Indian aspirations and needs in every walk of
life.
 MISSION

Unilever's mission is to add Vitality to life. We meet everyday needs for nutrition,
hygiene and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get
more out of life.

Our deep roots in local cultures and markets around the world give us our strong
relationship with consumers and are the foundation for our future growth. We will
bring our wealth of knowledge and international expertise to the service of local
consumers - a truly multi-local multinational.

Our long-term success requires a total commitment to exceptional standards of

performance and productivity, to working together effectively, and to a willingness to
embrace new ideas and learn continuously.

To succeed also requires, we believe, the highest standards of corporate behavior

towards everyone we work with, the communities we touch, and the environment on
which we have an impact.

This is our road to sustainable, profitable growth, creating long-term value for our
shareholders, our people, and our business partners
 -:Organizational Structure:-

1. Chair Man Mr. Harish Manwani

2. CEO & Managing Director Mr. Douglas Baillie

3. Finance & IT Director Mr. D. Sundaram

4. Executive Director Mr. Nitin Paranjpe

5. Directors
I. Mr. Sanjiv Kakkar
II. Mr. A. Narayan
III. Mr. V. Narayanan
IV. Mr. D. S. Parekh
V. Mr. C. K. Prahalad
VI. Mr. S. Ramadorai
 RESEARCH PROBLEM AND ITS RELEVANCE

RESEARCH PROBLEM

HUL is facing the problem rather challenges from

• Large no. of players in the market

• Continuous changes in the taste and preferences of the customers

Such problems were identified as Research Problems and the objective statement was
formed on its basis.

RELEVANCE OF THE RESEARCH

The relevance of the research is to find out

• Acceptability among the customers

• Promotional analysis
SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH

The scope of the research has been limited to the JAIPUR City.

Keeping in mind the objective stated, questionnaire was designed for the people.
Subsequently a research was conducted.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

There is large no. of FMCG companies in the market, to find the defining strategies
used, the methodology used is interview and survey method.

Data Collection Method:

For this research study, primary data as well as secondary data was collected.

Primary Data has been collected through personal contact. For this purpose both
questionnaire and one-on-one interview was considered with the consumers, shop
owners and distributors & suppliers of the company.
Secondary data has collected from magazines, newspaper, company literature and
websites.

Data analysis:

Analyzing codes to each question were awarded. Thereafter every questionnaire was
written. After which the data were analyzed.
MAJOR FINDINGS
Major competitors

1. Dabur
2. Jhandu
3. Johnson &Johnson
4. Cavin Care
5. Procter & Gamble
6. Britannia
7. ITC
8. Gillette

METHODOLOGY FOR RESEARCH PROBLEM

Following steps where taken in to consideration, to identify the research problem-

1. Informal investigation
• Visit to the shop owners, talked to the distributors and to the consumers
in the locality and surrounding areas.

2. External and Internal Analysis

• Understanding customer problem
• Understanding the market structure

3. Situational Analysis
• Tastes & preferences
• Needs & income
• Major Competitors
ITC
Dabur
Procter & Gamble
Cavin Care
Amul
Johnson & Johnson, etc
A Compressive study of Secondary and Primary data (Informal Interviews) was
collected through specific questionnaires for people and shop-owners & distributors.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

For my survey I used Cluster Sampling technique. I selected a sample of 100 people
around the area and interviewed them according to the questionnaire.
In the survey I tried to find out their preferences & tastes, their purchasing habit, are
they brand loyal or they consider their friends advice or some reference group during
purchasing. I also tried to find out that are they satisfied with the quality or present
stature of product, did they want any change in the existing product.

I also interviewed some of the shop owner and distributors and try to find out what the
company is doing to sustain their customer and what new changes they are bringing in
their product to gain competitive advantage from other competitors

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Research instruments, for the purpose of primary data collection were Questionnaires.
The Questionnaires were designed in two sets, one is for customers and another is for
shop-owners and distributors.

• The first set is to find out about the needs and preferences of the customers and
what they want from in the product and also the level of knowledge about
different products in the market.

• Second set is all about what are the steps company are taking to get about the
information about he changing preferences in the taste and needs of the
customers and what company is doing to sustain their market position as well
as to tap new market.
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

1. The sample size may not adequately represent the national market.

2. This study has not been conducted over an extended period of time, it
do not consider any changes due to changes in the sudden needs of
the customer because of some seasonal change or any kind of
festivals.

DATA ANALYSIS

For the analysis of data collected through survey work, a series of steps were followed
which are given in a chronological order

• Each question of the questionnaire was assigned codes (coding)

• Each questionnaire was punched into ms-excel sheet thus forming a data base
(punching)
• Further the data was analyzed by using diagrams, graphs, charts etc.
• The graphic rating scale and ranking method was used to measure the response
and attitude of the customer.

Finally, an effort was made to extract meaningful information from analyzed data,
which acted as a base for the recommendations.
MAJOR FINDINGS
The Crisis of Declining Markets

Through the nineties, the FMCG markets grew at almost 15% per annum in value.
Suddenly, in 2000, FMCG market growth stalled and then declined for the next four
years. It is important to understand why this happened.

The rapid opening up of the economy resulted in many new avenues of expenditure
for the consumer’s growing income. A sharp drop in interest rates from 18% to 8%
led to explosive demand for consumer durables like white goods, two-wheelers and
automobiles. After all, one could drive out of a car showroom in a Maruti 800 with a
down payment of only Rs. 2000. The home ownership market grew exponentially as
the average age of a home loan borrower dropped from 50 in 1999 to 30 in 2004.
Mobile phone ownership and usage exploded due to its amazing lifestyle and
convenience benefits as well as lower prices. Entertainment, Leisure and Travel
sectors also boomed.

The lure of new avenues of expenditure in products and services led to consumers
restricting their expanse on FMCG. It is not that they bathed less often or brushed
their teeth less often or indeed washed their clothes less often. But they did downtrade
to lower priced substitutes from higher quality brands. For example, a consumer
buying six tablets of Lux in a month went to buying three of Lux and three cheaper
brands. Or a consumer buying Surf Excel for her clothes mixed it with a cheaper
powder. As a result of this shift in spending patterns, the FMCG market declined in
value in the last four years creating a major challenge for growth.
The new Hindustan Lever: Focused on FMCG

In 2000, 75% of our sales came from FMCG businesses. The rest came from several
non-FMCG businesses which were not profitable, and did not offer prospects for
long-term leadership. Besides, they were a drain on the core FMCG business, both in
terms of resource and focus.

They decided to disengage from all non-FMCG or commodity businesses. In all, we

have divested and discontinued 15 businesses including Animal Feeds, Speciality
Chemicals, Nickel Catalyst, Adhesives, Thermometers, Seeds, Mushrooms etc. with
sales of Rs.1,750 crores as in 1999.

Today they are a focused on FMCG company with our branded business accounting
for over 90% of sales, consisting of 35 brands across 20 categories. These will be their
main engines of growth, with higher levels of resource concentration, be it
technology, people talent or media spend.

Building blocks of a strong Foods business

In Foods, there is enormous growth potential in leading the evolution of consumers to

branded and processed foods. Over the last few years they have focused on putting in
place the building blocks of a strong Foods business. Historically their Foods business
was fragmented and lacked scale. It was often commoditized with low margins. They
recognized that changing food habits would require considerable investment, which
the current business simply could not afford. Therefore they divested the non-value
added parts like Vanaspati. They have consolidated theuir portfolio and improved the
gross margins by over 13% through product mix and cost reduction. They have also
cleared the supply chain of all old stock and geared up for fresh availability on shelf.
Today, their Foods business has a healthy gross margin and a supply chain driven by
freshness. The Foods business will now invest for growth through relevant innovation.

FMCG still offers enormous potential

As the largest FMCG player it was up to them to reverse the downtrading to realize its
true growth potential. They could achieve this by raising the bar and becoming world
class in what their brands offered and how they worked. Nothing less would do.

Penetration levels in several of the categories and consumption levels in all of the
categories is low by any comparison. Across the world, they are seeing a strong
correlation between income levels and the size of FMCG markets. Over the next 10
years, per capita income in India is likely to touch China’s current levels. At those
levels, the FMCG market will be over Rs.100,000 crores from a current value of
Rs.40,000 crores. This is an opportunity that they have to seize.

Portfolio of Strong Brands

Their main challenge was to reverse the downtrading in the categories and re-establish
the relevance of their brands in the mind of the consumer. In 2000, they had 110
brands, many undifferentiated and lacking scale. They chose to focus on 35 power
brands covering all consumer appeal and price segments. They are already seeing the
benefits. Six brands – Brooke Bond, Lifebuoy, Lux, Fair & Lovely, Rin and Wheel –
have emerged as mega brands in the last five years, each with sales of more than
Rs.500 crores.
Better Value

The first step was to ensure that they offer world class quality and real differentiation
backed by technology to give them the advantage over low priced competition. They
have invested over Rs.400 crores, or 5% of sales, in the last three years to upgrade the
brands.

In several cases they reduced prices to make the brands more affordable. Better
quality and more affordable prices have increased the value to the consumer.

They have also launched several low unit size and price packs for single use to make
the brands more accessible to all income groups. For example, they are the first to
introduce a branded toothpaste in a tube at Rs.5 and a branded quality shampoo in a
bottle at Rs.5.

Bigger Role in Consumers’ Lives

Perhaps the most significant change has been to move the brands beyond merely
making functional claims to playing a bigger and deeper role in the lives of
consumers. They had to move from selling a soap or a detergent to something far
more important and central to the consumer’s life. How often have we heard someone
say, “A soap is a soap is a soap!” Or indeed, “All detergents clean clothes as well”.

In the case of Lifebuoy, it was only when they associated it with the promise of
health and protection against disease that it claimed a larger space in the consumer’s
mind. It moved from being a mere soap to a health essential. Today Lifebuoy, their
oldest brand, has grown at over 15% for the last three years.
Similarly, in the laundry market, Surf Excel went well beyond the benefit of ‘great
clean’ by saving two buckets of water with every wash. Imagine the importance of
that benefit to consumers in cities, who often get running water for only a couple of
hours a day. Surf Excel is one of their fastest growing brands today.

Both Lifebuoy and Surf Excel have succeeded because they are relevant to two key
concerns of the Indian housewife: family health and the scarcity of water.

In addition to the growing consciousness of health, consumers today are looking for
ways to look good and feel good so that they can get much more out of life. In short,
consumers are seeking Vitality in their lives. Their portfolio of 35 power brands is
uniquely positioned to offer nutrition, hygiene and personal care benefits and thereby
deliver Vitality.

Technology, the Key Differentiator

Their brands and sound understanding of the local consumer are supported by a world
class Research and Development capability. They have over 200 of the brightest
scientists and technologists based in India.

Their recent reorganization leverages the talent pool from across 16 global technology
centres, of which four are in India. In all, they have over 4,000 high quality minds
across Unilever working relentlessly to provide new benefits that make a real
difference to the consumers.

Winning with Customers

Hindustan Lever has historically had a strong bond with its customers. They have
strengthened this and reinvented the way they manage their distribution channels and
their customers. The sales structure has been transformed to leverage scale and build
expertise in servicing Modern Trade and Rural Markets. They have also de-layered
their sales force to improve the response times and service levels.

Their customers are serviced on continuous replenishment. This is possible because of

IT connectivity across the extended supply chain of about 2,000 suppliers, 80 factories
and 7,000 stockists. They have also combined backend processes into a common
Shared Service infrastructure, which supports the units across the country. All these
initiatives together have enhanced operational efficiencies, improved the service to the
customers and have brought us closer to the marketplace.

Our Acorns: Investing in our Future

In the pursuit of growth, they have also begun to nurture some acorns for the future.
These are both new businesses and new ways of engaging with consumers.

Their entry into Water Purifiers, through Pureit, shows great promise. Pureit delivers
100% protection against all water-borne diseases. It provides water which is as safe as
boiled water, without needing electricity or continuous tap water supply. At 17 paise
per litre, it is extremely affordable for the common man. They have launched it in
Tamil Nadu and are fine-tuning all aspects of the business system before a phased
national launch.

In urban India, Hindustan Lever Network (HLN) is their direct selling initiative
selling a special range of products. It already reaches 1,400 towns with over 3 lakh
consultants. Besides reach, HLN enables direct interaction with consumers and
customises solutions for them to give them a complete brand experience.
Our People & Organisation

They have restructured the company, integrating eight Profit Centres into two
Divisions – Home and Personal Care (HPC) and Foods. The result is a simpler and
leaner organisation, less hierarchical with fewer levels and greater empowerment.
This has eliminated complexity and speeded up decision making. Today the company
is far more youthful in attitude and spirit. There is greater openness and transparency.

The Transformation: Investment in the Future

To ensure that Hindustan Lever remains competitive in the long-term, they have made
significant investments in product quality, pricing and marketing. As mentioned
earlier, the investment in product quality alone has been in excess of Rs. 400 crores,
or 5% of our sales.

In addition there has been the cost of defending their market position. Recently an
international competitor attacked their laundry business led by a price reduction of as
much as 50%. They acted with speed and determination leveraging all their past
experience in India and internationally. They have been able to fully protect their
market leadership and share, albeit sacrificing short-term profit. They made this
necessary trade-off as market share is the best means of sustaining future profit. Over
time, their stronger market positions will surely lead to greater long-term profit.

Despite these significant investments to strengthen the long-term competitiveness and

the costs of defending the strong market position, they still remain one of the most
profitable companies in the country.
 CONCLUSION

In recent years, the FMCG sector declined due to downtrading. Also because of
presence of large number of companies trying to seize this opportunity, this force
the old HLL for the change and thus, their transformation has resulted in a new
HLL, which has successfully faced this challenge and reversed this trend. It has
done so by substantially strengthening their brands and building capabilities. This
has already begun to yield benefits and they are returning to growth. Volume
growth is being followed by value growth, which in turn is bringing profit growth.

India is one of the most exciting markets offering great potential. Over the next 10
years, the per capita income in India is likely to double. In FMCG, there is an
opportunity to catalyze penetration, increase usage, and upgrade consumers. As a
result, the FMCG market is expected to grow to over Rs.100,000 crores from its
current base of Rs.40,000 crores.

The new Hindustan Lever see an exciting opportunity for growth. They have 35
powerful brands covering all segments, with leading market positions in most. Today,
these are stronger and more relevant to the consumer than ever. The people are
energized by the scale of the opportunity and determined to seize it. The scale of the
business and operations gives them the resources needed. They are delivering good
services and the changes they brought in the products are well taken by the customers,
by this they are generating sustainable profitable growth.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

• Kothari, C.R., 2005 Research Methodology, Wishwa Prakashan, India.

• Kotler, Philip. 2005, Marketing Management, Prentice hall India.
• Marketing Management, ICFAI University Press

Magazines

• Business Today
• Investors India
• Business World
• Economic Times
• Business Standard

WEBSITES

• www.hll.com
• www.fmcg.com
• www.economictimes.com
• www.marketwatch.com
 QUESTIONNAIRE

From Customer’s

1. How much is your income?

a. <Rs.10,000
b. Rs.10,000-Rs.25,000
c. Rs.25,000-Rs.50,000
d. >Rs.50,000

2. How much do you invest on consumption?

a. <30%
b. 30-60%
c. 60-80%
d. >80%

3. During purchase what in influence your purchase?

a. Price
b. Quality
c. Packaging
d. Experiment
e. Influence by others

4. Do you prefer any particular brand? ( If ‘yes’ which brand )

a. Yes
b. No

5. Do you know about the presence of different products of different

companies in the same category?
a. Yes
b. No

6. Have you ever tried them?

a. Yes
b. No
7. Are you satisfied with the products you are using?
a. Yes
b. No
 8. Do you want any changes in the product?
a. Yes
b. No

From Shop-owners & distributors

1. What is the market share of HUL?

2. How much is the consumption of HUL’s product with respect to the
products of other companies?
3. Do you think customers are satisfied with the products and services you are
offering?
4. What are the ways to get the feed back from customers?
5. On which part customers are really not satisfied?
6. How do you find the changing tastes and preferences in customers?
7. What is HUL is doing to tackle this problem?

The end