Bo co tm tt Lun vn tt nghip thc s

Khoa Mi trng/2009-2011

I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN -------------------------

TH HI

NGHIN CU, XUT BIN PHP GIM THIU NHIM NC MT TI MT S KHU VC NNG THN TNH BC NINH BNG THC VT THY SINH

LUN VN THC S KHOA HC

H NI - 2011

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Khoa Mi trng/2009-2011

I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN ------------------------

TH HI

NGHIN CU, XUT BIN PHP GIM THIU NHIM NC MT TI MT S KHU VC NNG THN TNH BC NINH BNG THC VT THY SINH

CHUYN NGNH: KHOA HC MI TRNG M S: 60 85 02

LUN VN THC S KHOA HC

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: PGS. TS. NGUYN MNH KHI

H NI-NM 2011

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M U

Theo Tng cc thng k nm 2010, nc ta hin c 70,4% dn s ang sinh sng cc vng nng thn [11], l ni phn ln cht thi ca con ngi v gia sc khng c x l m x thng ra cng rnh, v ang gy ra nhim khng kh, mi trng t v nh hng n cht lng ngun nc mt, nc ngm. in hnh nhim nng thn l nhim ti ch, tc l do cht thi ca chnh cm dn c . Nguyn nhn ca s nhim ny l cht thi t sinh hot, chung tri chn nui v cc hot ng ch bin thc phm. nhiu ni, ngi dn cng thc c tc hi ca nhim mi trng nhng u t xy dng mt h thng x l hin i th cn ngun kinh ph ln m h khng kh nng chi tr. a bn nng thn rng ln vi ngun thi phn tn do cc cng ngh x l hin i, t tin vi chi ph lp t cao l khng kh thi. Nghin cu s dng cc loi thc vt trong x l nhim nc c bit n v vic ng dng n mang li nhiu hiu qu tch cc, c bit vi ngun nc nhim cao v cha nhiu cht dinh dng. Nh cc qu trnh t nhin, nc c kh nng t lm sch cng vi s phi hp trng thc vt nc chng ht thu cc cht hu c, dinh dng N v P c trong nc pht trin, nh nc c lm sch. Sinh khi thc vt sau thu hoch c th tn dng lm thc n chn nui hoc phn hu c bn cho rung v khp kn chu trnh sn xut. V vy vic p dng cng ngh x l trong iu kin t nhin hay cng ngh sinh thi i vi cc vng dn c nng thn c cho l mt trong nhng gii php ph hp.

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Ngnh Khoa hc Mi trng

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Khoa Mi trng/2009-2011

c c cc thng tin cn thit cho vic xut gii php gim thiu nhim ngun nc mt cc vng nng thn cn c nhng kho st c th v hin trng nhim nc mt ni y v cc nghin cu cng ngh v cch thc s dng thc vt m bo hiu qu x l cao nht. Do vy, ti chn ti Nghin cu, xut bin php gim thiu nhim nc mt ti mt s khu vc nng thn tnh Bc Ninh bng thc vt thy sinh. Mc tiu ca ti l: 1/. nh gi thc trng nhim nc mt mt vi im nng thn ca tnh Bc Ninh; 2/. Xc nh mt trng TVTS ti u x l hiu qu ngun nc nhim; 3/. a ra quy trnh x l nc hiu qu nht bng cch so snh hiu qu ca cc h thng x l ring r v phi hp trng TVTS; 4/. nh gi c hiu qu ca m hnh pilot v khuyn co p dng i vi khu vc nghin cu, gp phn gim thiu nhim ngun nc mt ni chung v nhim hu c nng thn ni ring, to nn tng cho s pht trin bn vng.

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CHNG 1. TNG QUAN TI LIU 1.1. Mt s vn mi trng nng thn Vit Nam 1.2. Ti nguyn nc mt Vit Nam 1.3. Cng ngh thc vt trong x l ngun nc nhim 1.3.1. Mt s cng trnh nghin cu trn th gii v Vit Nam 1.3.2. Mt s phng php sinh hc trong iu kin t nhin 1.3.2.1. H sinh hc 1.3.2.2. Cnh ng ti v bi lc trng cy 1.3.3. C s khoa hc ca phng php dng thc vt x l nc thi

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CHNG 2. I TNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

2.1. i tng nghin cu 2.1.1. i tng nghin cu thc hin ti, i tng nghin cu c chn l ngun nc mt b nhim do nc thi ca cm dn c nng thn, cng vi hai loi TVTS in hnh c kh nng x l nc thi l cy Sy (Phragmites karka) v cy Bo ty (Eichhornia crassipes). 2.1.2. a im nghin cu nh gi hin trng nc mt ti cc thy vc tip nhn nc thi thuc cc thn ca tnh Bc Ninh: An ng, Lc V; i Lm, Tam a v nh Bng, T Sn. Cc th nghim c b tr ti Khu th nghim - Vin Mi trng Nng nghip (MTNN). Nc thi s dng trong cc th nghim ly ti khu dn c thuc x Trung Vn, T Lim, H Ni v bng ngun nhim nhn to. Quy trnh pilot x l nc thi c thc hin ti Vin MTNN trong iu kin nh li c mi che, khng chu nh hng bi cc iu kin ngoi cnh. 2.2. Phng php nghin cu 2.2.1. Phng php k tha Qu trnh thc hin ti c tham kho nhiu ngun ti liu c gi tr, cc bo co khoa hc c lin quan n ni dung nghin cu, phng php b tr th nghim cng nh k tha kt qu nghin cu ca nhiu tc gi, nh khoa hc. 2.2.2. Phng php ly mu v phn tch trong phng th nghim

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- Quy cch ly mu v bo qun mu theo cc quy chun quy nh hin hnh c quy nh trong QCVN 08:2008/ BTNMT; Cc im mu c ly m bo tnh i din cho khu vc nghin cu. 2.2.3. Thit k th nghim nghin cu nh hng ca TVTS n hiu qu x l nc nhim + Th nghim 1: Bng 2.1. M t th nghim theo di nh hng mt ph b mt n hiu qu x l nc nhim
Th nghim bo ty B 1 4kg bo B 2 5kg bo B 3 6kg bo B 4 7kg 4kg sy bo ti/b ti/b ti/b ti/b ti/b ti/b ti/b ti/b cy 5kg sy 6kg sy 7kg sy trng B 5 Th nghim sy B 6 B 7 B 8 C B 9 Khng

+ Th nghim 2: Bng 2.2. M t th nghim xc nh hiu qu x l nc ca h thng mt bc trng TVTS

B 11 T l sinh khi ti Sy: bo ty=1:1 Sy: bo ty=100:0 (2,5kg sy + 2,5kg bo ty) (5kg sy) (5kg bo ty) Sy: bo ty=0:100 B 12 T l sinh khi ti B 13 T l sinh khi ti

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Comment [NMK1]: Cn m t r hn v cc cong thc (Sy), (Bi lc) v Bo. y l bi lc nh m t trang sau?, Sy khng th sao?

+ Th nghim 3. * Ni dung 3: Nghin cu x l ngun nc nhim quy m pilot - Ngun nc nhim nhn to l mt b c phn ln ti (b 1), tip theo l b lng ri n b c th bo ty (c kch thc 1000 x 1000 x 1000, mm) v cui cng l bi lc trng sy (kch thc Rng 1000 x Su 1000 x di 3000, mm). B dy ca lp vt liu lc l 400mm v mc nc trong b l 500mm. Th t cc b s l:

B 1: Cha phn

B 2: B lng

B 3: Th 5kg bo ty

B 4: Bi lc trng

Hnh 2.5. S th nghim m hnh pilot

Comment [NMK2]: Nn v li theo s khi

- Dng bm nh lng ht nc t b th (4) cho chy lin tc vo b (1) >> sang b th (2) >> b th (3) ri tr li b th (4). Thi gian lu nc c la chn bi lu lng nc bm (ch 10 L/h v 6 L/h). Thi gian th nghim l 30 ngy. - C 2 ngy ly mu nc 1 ln ti u vo ca b bo v u ra ca bi lc trng sy. Cc ch tiu theo di gm: TSS, COD, BOD5, NH4+, PO43-. 2.2.4. Phng php nh gi v x l s liu. nh gi cht lng nc theo quy chun hin hnh QCVN 08:2008/ BTNMT Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng nc mt. Hiu sut x l tnh theo cng thc: H = (C0 C) x 100/C0 Th Hi Cao hc MTK17
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Trong :

H: Hiu sut x l (%) C: l nng ti thi im ly mu t (mg/l) C0: nng ban u thi im t0 (mg/l)

Kt qu th nghim c x l thng k (EXCEL), cc s liu a ra l trung bnh ca ba ln nhc li.

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Comment [NMK3]: Nhn chung mi ch dng li vic m t kt qu thc nghim phn tho lun, bnh lun v kt qu ny cha c nhiu. Cn c nhng nhn xt, nh gi v so sanh gia cc th nghim vi nhau, gia kt qu ca mnh v kt qu tng cng b v x l nc thi bng cng ngh thc vt.. Nh vy s tot ln c ni dung khoa hc v mt l thuyt ca ti

CHNG 3. KT QU NGHIN CU V THO LUN

3.1. Hin trng cht lng nc khu vc nghin cu 3.1.1. Ngun nhim nc Bng 3.1. Lu lng x cht thi t khu vc nghin cu Ngun - S h 1 Sinh hot - Nc thi (m3/ngy) - B thi rn (tn/ngy) - Nhu cu (tn sn/ngy) 2 Ch bin lng thc, thc phm - Nc thi (m3/ngy) - B thi rn (tn/ngy) - S u ln 3 Chn nui - Nc thi (m /ngy) - B thi rn (tn/ngy) - Nc thi (m3/ngy) Tng - B thi rn (tn/ngy) 6,8 58,75 1,98 3.1.2. Hin trng cht lng nc khu vc nghin cu Bng 3.2. Kt qu phn tch c trng nhim nc khu vc nghin cu a im nghin cu Ch tiu phn tch An ng i Lm nh Bng B1) pH 6,8 7,1 7,7 5.5 - 9 QCVN 08:2008 (Ct
3

Lng thi

An ng 800 400 6 0 0 0 400 20 0,8 420

i Lm 900 450 6,75 50 2000 50 1000 50 2 2500

nh Bng 50 25 0,38 0 0 0 800 40 1,6 65

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DO (mg/L) TSS (mg/L) TN (mg/L) NH4+ (mg/L) COD (mg/L) BOD5 (mg/L) TP (mg/L) PO43- (mg/L) Coliform(MPN/100ml)

0,7 95 32,5 30,4 155,7 88,5 6,8 6,5 10,2x104

1,4 82,2 27,5 23,3 135 80,1 6,1 5,18 7,14x104

1,08 106,5 12,3 9,8 103,8 55,7 2,6 2,3 6,2x104

2 100 1 50 25 0.5 10000

Trong s 10 ch tiu phn tch c quy chun i chiu th c n 5/10 ch tiu vt qu QCCP, ch yu nhim hu c cao v hm lng cht rn l lng nhiu. Trong , ng k nht l hm lng oxy ha tan trong nc qu thp (<1mg/l) trong khi QCCP i vi ngun nc mt dng ti cho nng nghip yu cu thp nht 2mg/l th hm lng oxy ha tan o c l 0,7 mg/l trong mu nc mt ti thn An ng. 3.2. Kt qu x l nc mt bng cc h thng trng TVTS 3.2.1. nh hng ca mt TVTS n hiu qu x l 3.2.1.1. nh hng ca mt bo ban u n hiu qu x l nc Vi mt bo th l 5kg/m2 ngy th 15 hiu sut x l rt cao, cc thng s BOD5, TSS c th loi b ti trn 91% c th snh ngang vi hiu qu loi b trong cc nghin cu ch ra cc bo co ca c, an Mch v New Th Hi Cao hc MTK17
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Comment [NMK5]: Cn phi tnh ton v a ra c hiu sut tiu hao cht nhim theo n v mg hay g/m2/ngy ca tng cng thc th nghim, nu khng tnh c th phi gp thy tm cch tnh Comment [NMK4]: Khng cn on ny, c th chuyn xung kt lun

Ngnh Khoa hc Mi trng

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Khoa Mi trng/2009-2011

Zealand trong khi hiu qu loi b cc ch tiu NH4+ v PO43- cao hn nhiu so vi cc nghin cu ca cc tc gi i hc Hu (35%). 3.2.1.2. Mi quan h gia mt sy ban u vi hiu qu x l T kt qu o cc ch tiu TSS, COD v BOD5 cho thy vi cng ngun nc u vo, cc cng thc c th sy cho hiu qu x l cao hn cc cng thc i chng khng c sy. - Sy th mt 7kg/m2 cho hiu sut x l TSS cao nht (trn 90%) ngy th 15 cn vi mt 4kg/m2 cho hiu qu x l thp nht, tng ng ti lng TSS c loi b l 1575 kg/ha v 1375 kg/ha sau 15 ngy. - Khng c s chnh lch nhiu v hiu qu loi b COD v BOD5 gia cc cng thc th nghim. mt 5kg/m2 cho hiu qu loi b COD cao nht (78,29%) v mt 7kg/m2 cho hiu sut loi b BOD5 cao nht (88,75%), tng ng h s tiu hao cht hai cng thc ny tng ng l 17,7 mg/m2/ngy v 13,22 mg/m2/ngy. Gi tr ca cc thng s NH4+ v PO43- cng gim dn theo thi gian x l. Hiu qu x l NH4+ cao (trn 97%) cc cng thc c sy, cn hiu qu x l PO43- ch mc trung bnh (cao nht l 64% cng thc 6kg/m2). 3.2.2. Th nghim cng ngh x l nc mt bng h thng mt bc trng TVTS.
H
Comment [NMK6]: Tng t, cn phi a ra h s tiu hao g cht nhim/m2/ngy

thng trng phi hp sy v bo ty cho hiu qu cao nht tt c cc

ch tiu phn tch, tip n l h thng ch trng sy v thp nht l h thng ch trng bo ty. n ngy th 15 hu ht cc ch tiu phn tch c gi tr nm trong gii hn cho php ca QCVN tr ch tiu PO43-. Th Hi Cao hc MTK17
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X l bng h thng phi hp trng c sy v bo ty (t l sinh khi ti gia hai loi l 50% - 50%) trong cng mt b cho hiu qu cao hn so vi x l ring r tng loi. Hiu qu x l cao nht i vi thng s NH4+ (99,9%), tip n l BOD5 (87,3%) v cui cng l ch tiu TSS (82,1%). H s tiu hao cht nhim trong c thi gian th nghim h thng Sybo ty trung bnh t 7,93 mg TSS/m2/ngy; 10,27 COD mg/m2/ngy; 7,36 mg BOD5/m2/ngy; 1,62 mg NH4+/m2/ngy v 0,23 mg PO43-/m2/ngy; cao hn so vi cng thc trng ring r mt loi sy hoc bo ty ( cng thc ch trng bo ty l 7,4 mg TSS/m2/ngy; 9,33 mg COD /m2/ngy; 6,89 mg BOD5/m2/ngy; 1,54 mg NH4+/m2/ngy v 0,21 mg PO43-/m2/ngy). 3.2.3. Kt qu x l nc mt bng h thng hai bc trng TVTS 3.2.3.1. Kt qu x l hai bc trong iu kin trng cy khng c t Cc ng th hin x l hai bc thp hn v cch xa vi ng mt bc, iu chng t cc h thng hai bc r rng thu c hiu qu cao hn so vi vic ch dng mt bc x l nc thi. Hm lng cht rn l lng, amoni v photsphat u gim ng k. Khi tng thi gian lu nc th hiu sut x l tng v h thng Bo ty sy cho hiu qu x l cao nht, h s tiu hao TSS cng thc ny trong 10 ngy u th nghim l 7,9 mg/m2/ngy, tuy nhin cng v sau th h s ny cng gim v n ngy th 15 ch cn 2,2 mg/m2/ngy. Nh vy: Hiu qu ca h thng hai bc x l bng TVTS cao hn so vi x l mt bc. Hiu sut loi b cc ch tiu nhim gim dn theo th t: Bo tysy >> Sy-bo ty >> Sy-sy, tuy nhin s chnh lch ny khng nhiu. 3.2.3.2. Cng ngh hai bc trong iu kin trng cy c t
Comment [NMK8]: Xem kin trn ti NMK22 Comment [NMK7]: B sung thng tin v g/m2/ngy

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- X l kt hp gia ah h thng bi lc trng sy v h thng ng c thc th vt tri ni (bo ty) cho hiu sut tx x l rt cao. - Bi lc trng cy cho hi hiu sut loi b cao i vi cc thng s s TSS (75%), BOD v COD (trn 80%). Trong khi b b trng bo ty cho hiu u qu qu x l hai ch tiu amoni v photsphat rt t cao, tng ng NH4+ 46% v PO4 l 39%. V vy, khi x l bng h thng phi ih hp ny th hiu qu c b sung v t hiu sut rt cao v tt c cc ch tiu nhi nhim. 3.3. X l ngun nc c nhi nhim quy m pilot 3.3.1. H thng x l th nh nht (R1) Vi lu lng ca a my bm l 10 L/h th th thi gian lu ca n c s l:
T1 = 1500 = 6,25ngy 10 24
Comment [NMK9]: Cn thit t phi ph nhc m t qua h thng th nht nh th no? Vn V hnh ra sao?

3-

H thng R1
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 TSS COD BOD5 Thng s NH4 PO4

Nng (mg/l)

u vo i chng Th nghim

Hnh 3.10. S thay i hm lng cc cht nhim h th ng R1 3.3.2. H thng x l th hai (R2) Th Hi Cao hc MTK17
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Comment [NMK10]: Biu din nl li hnh ny, theo biu ct Comment [NMK11]: Tng t trn, cn m t cht v R2

Ngnh Khoa hc Mi trng

Bo co tm tt Lun vn tt nghip thc s

Khoa Mi trng/2009-2011

Vi lu lng ca my bm l 6L/h th thi gian lu nc h thng th 2 (R2) s l:

T1 = 1500 = 10,42ngy 6 24

H thng R2
180 160 140 Nng (mg/l) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 TSS COD BOD5 Thng s NH4 PO4
u vo i chng Th nghim

Hnh 3.11. S thay i hm lng cc cht nhim h thng R2 T kt qu m hnh pilot vi 2 mc lu lng l 6 lt/gi v 10 lt/gi cho thy: Dng thi chy vo h thng x l vi vn tc 6 lt/gi cho hiu qu x l cao hn so vi dng chy vn tc 10 lt/gi tt c cc ch tiu theo di. iu chng t, thi gian lu nc c nh hng rt nhiu n hiu qu x l. Thi gian lu nc h thng lu hn c th pht huy nhiu hn kh nng x l ca thc vt, nn hiu sut x l cao. c 2 h thng, hiu sut x l photsphat u thp nht so vi cc ch tiu khc trong cng th nghim.

Comment [NMK12]: V li hnh ny

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Kt hp cng vi cc th nghim trn, c th kt lun rng: Sy v bo ty khng c nhiu tc dng trong vic x l photsphat. iu ny c gii thch l do photshat ch yu lin quan n s hp thu ca thc vt, cn N lin quan ngoi hp thu cn c s tham gia ca cc VSV trong h thng. Trong thc t, ty tiu chun nc u ra v cn c iu kin thc t ca tng vng, nng v lu lng thi m la chn thi gian lu ph hp m bo hiu qu x l cao v nc u ra vn t QCCP. 3.4. xut gii php p dng cho khu vc nghin cu
* i vi nc thi sinh hot
Comment [NMK13]: Mi thn cn phi xut theo s cng ngh, sau m t s cng ngh km theo thng s k thut c l gii nh din tch ca tng ao/h sinh hc c s dng kt qu ca cc phn trn tnh ton vo khu vc nghin cu c th ca mnh

Mi h gia nh nn xy mt h x t hoi 3 ngn ngm di t. Vi khong 5 ngi/h th kch thc h cn l (1000 1500) x (1000 1500) x 1000 (mm).
* i vi nc thi ra t cc khu chn nui v nu ru

Xy dng h thng x l gm: 01 b cha, 01 b th bo ty v 01 bi lc trng thm sy. Lng sinh khi bo ty v sy trng trong mi m2 mt nc l 5kg trng lng ti. m bo h thng x l t hiu qu cao v ph hp nht, chng ti s b tnh ton kch thc c th cho tng b v ng dng cho tng a phng nh sau:
1/i vi thn An ng

- B cha: Chn kch thc chiu di b l 4000, chiu rng 3000, chiu su 2000 (mm). Th Hi Cao hc MTK17
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- B th bo ty: Kch thc di 4500 x rng 4500 x su (1000 1200), mm. Tng lng bo ti cn th vo b l 100 kg. - B trng sy: Kch thc di 6000 x rng 3000 x su (1200 1500), mm. Tng lng sy cn trng l 90 - 100 kg.
2/i vi thn i Lm

+ B cha: Chn di 25000 x rng 20000 x su 4500 (mm). + B th bo ty: Kch thc di 50000 x rng 40000 x su (1000 1200) mm. Tng lng bo cn th l 10000 kg. + B trng sy: Kch thc di 50000 x rng 40000 x su (1200 1500), mm. Tng lng sy cn trng l 10000 kg.
3/Thn nh Bng

Thng s u vo Q = 40 m3 nc thi/ngy, dung tch cc b s l: + B cha: Chn di 5000 x rng 4000 x su 3000 (mm). + B th bo ty: Kch thc di 7000 x rng 6500 x su (1000 1200) (mm). Tng lng bo cn th l 210 kg. + B trng sy: Kch thc di 6500 x rng 6500 x su (1200 1500) (mm). Tng lng sy cn trng l 200 kg.
* i vi b thi sn xut, phn thi ca gia sc gia cm

Phn sinh khi bo v sy sau khi thu hoch c th tn dng lm ngun thc n cho chn nui gia sc, gia cm. Phn thi ra cn thu gom xy dng b

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cha, kt hp theo t l nht nh vi bo ty v sy bm nh. Sau khong 30 ngy ri em bn rung, khp kn chu trnh sn xut v gim thiu nhim mi trng nng thn ni chung v nhim cc lng ngh ni ring.

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KT LUN V KIN NGH

1. Kt lun Tnh trng nc mt vng nghin cu v ang nhim nghim trng c ma kh ln ma ma. Hu ht cc ch tiu phn tch c hm lng vt qu QCCP i vi nc dng ti cho nng nghip (QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT i vi nc dng ti cho nng nghip - ct B1). Hm lng oxy ha tan trong nc rt thp (0,4mg/l), cc ch tiu BOD5 v COD vt 4 5 ln, hm lng PO43- vt 6 12 ln v NH4+ vt tiu chun ti hn 50 ln.
Bo ty v sy l hai loi c hiu qu cao trong x l ngun nc b nhim c bit nhim hu c. S c mt ca bo v sy lm tng hiu qu x l rt ln so vi cc cng thc i chng khng trng cy. Hiu qu loi b TSS cc cng thc c trng cy t trn 90% trong khi i chng l 32%. Vi cc h thng trng cy, hiu qu loi b trn 90% BOD5 v trn 87% COD, tng ng vi ti lng nhim loi b l 1640 kg BOD/ha v 2370 kg COD/ha. Hiu qu x l ph thuc vo mt sinh khi ca cy v thi gian x l. mt 5kg sinh khi ti trn 1m2 din tch b mt cho hiu qu cao tt c cc thng s th nghim. mt 5kg bo/1m2 h s tiu hao COD l 19,73 mg/m2/ngy v BOD l 13,7 mg/m2/ngy. Thi gian x l cng di th nng nhim gim mnh cc cng thc c cy v gim rt t cc cng thc i chng khng c cy. Trng kt hp hai loi sy v bo ty vi t l sinh khi ngang nhau trong cng mt h thng cho hiu qu x l cao hn so vi trng ring r tng loi.

Hiu qu x l nc nhim cc h thng hai bc cao hn so vi h thng 1 bc. Trong iu kin trng cy khng c t, hiu qu loi b nhim cao Th Hi Cao hc MTK17
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Ngnh Khoa hc Mi trng

Bo co tm tt Lun vn tt nghip thc s

Khoa Mi trng/2009-2011

nht h thng hai bc Bo ty-sy v gim theo th t Bo ty-Sy >> Sy-bo ty >> Sy-sy. Bi lc trng sy cho hiu qu loi b cao v cc ch tiu TSS, BOD, COD; b c th bo ty cho hiu sut x l cao i vi hai thng s NH4+ v PO4 v vic kt hp c hai h thng ny pht huy u im ca chng, cho hiu sut rt cao v tt c cc ch tiu nhim quan tm.
Sy v bo ty hu nh khng c tc dng trong vic loi b photsphat ra khi ngun nc nhim, hiu qu loi b photsphat h thng Sy bo ty ch l 40 57% tng ng h s tiu hao nhim l 0,21 mg /m2/ngy.
3-

2. Kin ngh
ti mi ch nghin cu quy m nh (pilot), trong iu kin nh li v trn hai i tng bo ty v sy, cn tip tc nghin cu trn cc i tng khc vi quy m ln hn. Trong iu kin khng th p dng h thng x l hai bc th c th kt hp hai loi sy v bo ty trong cng mt h thng vi t l sinh khi ngang nhau nhm m bo hiu qu x l tt nht. Do thi gian thc hin ti tng i hp, c rt nhiu th nghim v thi gian ti a cho mi th nghim l 20 ngy nn cha xc nh c thi im thu hoch sinh khi cy m bo hiu qu x l ca h thng l tt nht; cha xc nh c din bin hiu sut x l t ngy th 20 tr i, cn nghin cu thm vn ny.

Mt khc nu lu lng thi v tnh cht nc thi l n nh th i vi cc b bo ty c th vt bt bo nu bo pht trin qu gii hn. Sinh khi bo ny phn ti non c th dng lm thc n cho gia sc, gia cm v phn r, l gi c th cng phn gia sc em bn rung. Th Hi Cao hc MTK17
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Ngnh Khoa hc Mi trng

Bo co tm tt Lun vn tt nghip thc s

Khoa Mi trng/2009-2011

Th Hi Cao hc MTK17
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Ngnh Khoa hc Mi trng