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THOfVISON

*
HEINLE

Language

Teaching

Publications

Series

BUILD YOU R BUSINESS VOCABULARY


John Flower

your business vocabulary efficiently


So you plan to build your vocabulary! Learning vocabulary is a very important part of learning English, If you make a grammar mistake, it may be "wong" but very often people will understand you anyway. But if you don't know the exact word that you need, it is very frustrating for you, and the person you are talking to. Good businese English means having a big vocabulary! There are better and wome ways to lmild your vocabulary and this book will help you to build your vocabulary quickly and effectively, You will find it is best to work:
* *

Building

systematically
regtdarly
personally
-plan

Don'tjustmakelistsofall the new words you meet and choose. Thinkafareas you are interested in; look for things you can't say in English, then fill those gaps in your vocabulary. Think abut the kind of vocabulary you need. What about social English? The language of business letters? Reading in special areas such as public relatione or international trade? Building your business vocabulary is a big job you can help yourself by choosing the things that are most use to you and learning those first. You can also use things you meet every day at work as a source of useful language. I.cok at the lettera received in your office, read any company literatum which is written in English, LTeethe English around you to improve your Engliah! Dodt just learn weds; you also need to know how to use them. Which words does a word often combine with? This book will help you to learn mom words, but also how to use the words you know more effectively. That is an important part of building your vocabulary. Dodt use your dictionary only when you have a problem. It is an important oscurce. It can help you in lots of different ways, Them are tips all through this book to help you use your dictionary effectively.
--

Don'tjustmake lists of new words; organise them. Again, there are tips to help you to learn and remember more of what you study.

Build Your Business Vocabulary

John Flower

THOIVISON MEINLE

Australia

Canada Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States

THOIVISON

HEINLE

Build Your Business

Vocabulary John Flower

Publisher/Global ELT: Christopher Wenger Executive Marketing Manager/Global ELT/ESL: Amy Mabley Cover, Design, Illustrations: Anna Macleod
Copyright 2000 Heinle, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. is a trademark used herein under license. Thomson Learning Printed in Croatia by Zrinski d.d. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 06 05 04 03 02 01 For more information contact Heinie, 25 Thomson Place, Boston, MA 02210 USA, http://www.heinle.com or you can visit our Internet site at All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced electronic, or mechanical, including or used in any form or by any means-graphic, photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage and retrieval systems--without the written permission of the publisher.
from this

For permission
Tel

to use material

text or product contact us.

1-800-730-2214 1-800-730-2215 www.thomsonrights.com

Fax Web

ISBN: 0-906717-87-6

Acknowledgements Cover photograph courtesy of Zefa Many thanks to Michael Lewis for his encouragement
his drawings. I am also grateful

and guidance, and to James Slater


Ruth, Heten and

for

to my colleagues and students for all their help, and to

Andrew for putting up with it all.

Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5, 6. 7.

8. Confusingwords 1 15 9, Banking services 1 10. Social English 11. Letters 2 Answering enquiries......................,....,..,............,......................18 12. Two-word expressions - 1
......................................, .....,.......................,........,..,,,....,....
........................,....,........,......................,...............,...,........16

Using a dictionary.......,..................,............,................,...................................6 Word groups 1....,......................--.................................................................. S In the ofHee 1 Letters 1 Enquiries Word partnembips - 1 1.2 Past tense 1 Using a trade directory
.................,....,....................,.,..,,..............................................9

.........,....,,.....,............,,,,................,,.............................10

..........-....,....................,..,.................,....,....................11

.................,.........................,..,..,........,........,.............................

......................,........,,....,......,..,...............,...,..............13

..........................................,.....................,..,................,.14

..,...,......................,....,................................,.........19

........-.....-................,,.........,.....,.....................................20

18. 14.
17. 18.

15,

16. 19. 20. 21. 22, 23. 24-, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31, 32.

Product information War d formation - 1......-......................,.............................,...............,............22 Opposites I,,,,,,,,,,,.........................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,....,............,s,...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.....24 Word partnerships 2 Mr Bakets trip Letters -3 Orders.........................,,.....,....,,.................,.....,.............,,,,.........28 Word groups 2 The electronic office 31 Make or do?
.................,,,,...,....,,,......................,....,,.......,.,,......,....25

..,..........................,.......,....,,......................,,........,...,.,...........26

...................,....,,,,,..,,...,,,,...........................,..,....,.,,..............29

.......,.....,..........,..........................,..............,,...................30

......................................................,....,...............,........................

Problems, Letters 4 Delayed orders 1 Buying and selling Special aas The passive Organisation ehart Making a presentation
-

poblems

............................................................,................,.........32

...........,...............................................................34

.................,....,..............................,..-..

......,..........................................................,.................,...,............36

35
37
--............................40

...............................,

....,.............................,....................,

.............,....,......,....,........,,.........................................38

Word partnerships Choose the adverb


-2

3 I

.................,................................,,,

............,..........................,,....................,..,.................,
.......................,.................,......................4.2

41

Specal areas
-

Foblic

relations

............,.................................,....,..,..............,.....................43

Letters 5 Sales Advertising - 1.......,............................................................,...................,,.....44 33. Opposites - 2 34. Word formation 2


........................................................................,..........,....,.........45 ,............,...................,,.....................................................46 -

85. Formal English


36. 87. 88.
-

39.
40. 4L 42. 48, 44. 45. 46.

48 Special areas 3 Investing Social English 2 52 Applying for a job,,.,..........................,.....................................,,,,..,................ 54 Past tense 2..,.,,,,....................,.......,..,,.........,....,.................,,,........,,...,..,,... Special areas 4 Accounting..,.................,.,.................,....,,,,,....,,,,...,,.........55 56 Im portant a diectiv es 57 Word partnerships 4 Special areas 5 Industrial relations................,,.................-...................... 58 In the ofTfee 2 Neun and preposition Tw >-word expressions 2
...............,.....,..,..,,,,,............................

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,s..,..........

...........,.......................,,.....................,...............49

...........................................,,,.................,..........................50

..........,.........,....,.....................,...,.................................

............,,,................,..,.....,................,.-,.............,........

,..,.,..........................................,..,...........,..............................59

......,..........................,....,,.................,..................,.......00

......................,....,.................................................61

47. 48, 49.

What's the job?..........................,..,..................,.....,....,............................,,.,.., 62 64 Special areas 8 Insurance


,................,....,,,,,,...................................,,...,...,

Expressions

with

'take'..........,.....,,,,,.....................................,..,,..........,....,...65

50. Colourful language 5L Confusing words 2 52, Word formation 3 53, Special amaa 7 International 64. Colour idioms
......................,................................,,....,,,........................68

............,,....,,.............,.............................,,,...,.....,....,....,., ,.,,,,.....,..................................,....,,...,......,.....,,,..,....,......67

66
....,...,,,....,..................................,....,..70

trade
,,,,,

,......,-.....,....-.............-....,,.........,71

..........,,..........................,,,,

55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 6L 82.

Adjective and pre position Word partnerships - 5 Special ansas - 8 Personnel Expressions with W Advertising 2 Letters - 6 Exhibition inferrnation 6 Word pannerships Social English 3 The law 63. Special amas 64. Choose the adverb -2 85. Letters - 7 Booking a hotel room 68. Increasing efficiency 67. Special areas 10 Management
.....,....,,.....,.................................................,..........,...,73
...,....................,.......................,......,......,,,,..,,,.,,74

...............,....,....,,....,...,..............-..........-....,.,.........72

....,,....-....-..................................,....,................,,....,.......76

...,,,,,,,.....,..................................................................,....,..,,,,,

77
................................,.,..,.....................,..78

..................................................................,....,,,..,,.....79

.........................,.....................................,,....,,,............,.....80

-9

..,...,,....,......................,.........,...............................81

....................................,.....,....,...............,...................82

....,......................................................,....,83

...............,................................................,,...........,....,,,,84

....................................................,.....,,,.,,..85

..................................,....,,...,...................,.......,,,,....,,,,.,,,,,....,,,,,,......86

Answers List of words included in Build Your Business Vocabulary

,,....,.................92

1 Using a dictionary
dictionary, with explanations that are easy to understand one showing how you use the worda.
Practise using a dictionary by answering
I,

IfEnglish Use

you want to learn business vocabulary,

you should have a good English-

and which has sentences

these questions,

Meaning

Which one of these would you get from a bank? dock draft. drop depot dial course a Of too.
2. dictionary gives you a definition, but it helps you in other ways The next questions show you how.

Match

Words which go together a verb on the left with a

noen

en the
.

right.

Use each word once only. a cheque answer attend a computer


cash

a conference

join
program

the phone
ateam

........

..,.

Eke this.

word partnerships. A ome words often occur with other words; they form good dictionary will give examples of the way in which words go together

8. Word formation Use the correct form of the word COMPETE in each sentence. His are worried about his new range of products. She took part in a to design a new yacht.
. . . . . . .

..

We have to be very This car is more


, , ,

to succeed in this business. priced than the other one.


. .

ords often have different grammatical


you

forms. A good dictionary will show

these.
6

4.

The past tense

Complete the sentence by using the past tense of the verb in brackets. She
In
.

4300out of the bank.


. . . .

(DRAW) in office equipment, (LEAD)

the past we

the
. .

market

Last year pro.fits The strike soon


,

by 20%. (RISE)

to other departments.
is irogular

(SPREAD) again your dictionary should help

You you.
5.

need

to know

when a word

Abbreviations
mean?
. . .

What de the following abbreviations approx. Co.

..

..

...

FOB

...

....

.....

POBox

..

...

..

.....

bbreviations am u.sed quite often in business so it is important to look up and note down any new ones you meet. You should also know how to say each abbreviation. A good dictionary should tell you this.

6.

Pronunciation
phone wear

Which of these worde has a different vowel sound? loan own a. gone share b, fair gear goods could food e.

should

4.

freight

height

state

weight

You

don't really know a went until you know how to say it properly. This is of each word, why a good dictionary shows you the pronunciation
7

2 Word groups I

t is useful to make a list of the words you use when you talk about a subject, When you learn a new word, you can add it to your list. This book will give you some ideas but why not think of some areas of business you are interested in and see how many words you can think oft
Put each of the words below into the correct list.
Use each word once only.

Can you think of any more words to add to each list? agenda
A.G.M.
apply

for

classified ad, commeretal (n) exchange rate


faz

minutes overtime owe


poster profit

reservation service stapier


room

campaign chairperson check in


1. Advertising

filing cabinet interview

toler training
weekend rate

refund
3.

Hotel

3. Job

4. Meeting

5.

Money

6. The office

3 In the office

1
the word for each
rubber umbrella
vase

Look at the pictum of an office. From the hat below find numbered item. Use each word once only,

calendar
cheque diary

book

filing cabinet keyboard map


passport

pen
pencil

(eraser)

phone printer

VDU

I.......

..

..

2.

..

......

8.

.........,

4.

5.

............

8.

..,...

7.

.........,,

8.
12.

9.

.,,.......,,

10,......,..,.,

11,,,.,,.......

......

...

13.............

14.............

15...........,, 9

16...

..

4 Letters

1 Enquiries

you receive any business letters in English, use them to learn more vocabulary. Note down any useful word.s and phrases and then try to write similar letters of your own. In the same way, write your own letters based en those that you find in this book.

If

Below you will see parts of three letters of enquiry. Put the correct werd or phrase in each blank. Choose fiomthe following list. Use each item once only, advertisement advise
current

issue

discount faithfully forward


information

latest catalogue model


particularly payment

price

list

price range
reference

Dear

still available

A.
1.......,.......
I have

Sir
.

the 3, interested in your range of office stationary. Could you please send me your 4. 6. to hearing from youseen your 2.
. . . . . , ,

in

of 'Office Weekly'

and am
,

and 5.

I look

Youra7,...

....

B.
With 8..
. . . . .

to your advertisement
. . .

in

today's Times',
I am 10..
.

could you please


. . . .

send me 8...

about your offlee furniture.

Interested

in your adjustable

typiat's chairs.

C.
Some

time ago we purchased


. . , , .
. .

from you

some rTFTS solar-powered pocket

calculat0PS.

As this 11., know if it 18 12,.

with our customers, we would like to was so popular .If so, would you kindly 13,.. of your terms Could 15......... you quantity also include available. and any of 14......... details of any new models in the same 16.
.us
. .

...

..

10

5 Word partnerships

1
the

expect eme pairs of words often accur together. If you meet one, you can written and spoken English. ather. This makes it easier to undetetand

Match each verb en the Let't with a noun on the right to form common partnerships, Use each word once only. Write your answere in the boxes.

Set 1
1 answer

2, appoint
3, arrange 4. export 5. pay S. solve 7.

a. goods b, a letter e, a meeting


d. a new manager e. the phone f. a poblem

type

g. tax
h. a visitor

8. welcome

Set 2
Now de the same with these words.
1. fill 2. interview 3, offer 4. 5, 6. 7. owe rent run send

a. an applicant b, a businees c. a contract d. a discount


e, f. some money office space

8, sign

g. a telex h. a vacancy

Now complete each sentence using a suitable expression from above.


I.They might
, , , ,
. . . .

if you pay within

ten days.

2, Do you need a licence 3. Don't forget we have


4. Em

to
.

to the Soviet Union?

to
, ,

on the profit we made,

trying to

with my bank manager next Tuesday, 11

6 Past tense M
ost
verbs

1
'ed'

English form their past by adding W or but there are also about 200 irregular verbs in English. About 100 of these are common so you should always check the past tense of any verb you learn, Complete each of the sentences by using the past form of one of the verbs on left and combining it with one of the worde on the right. Use each verb once only. Some worde en the left are used more than once. break build cut deal
I.

in

the

find get

keep
put read seH

shut

go
hear

take think
ring
, , .
. . . . .

back down forward from


her
. . .

off

through
up with

on out over
. . . . .

By accident the switchboard operator of our conversation. 2. After testing everything they finally with the machine, costs 4. The Finance Department
. . . . .

in

the middle

what was wrong

3. They

by using less expensive


.
. . ,

materials.

5. Ke

..

had the quantities S. She


, . , ,
. . . . .

the figures
, , , , , . .

exactly right,

the query about discounts. to her so that she could be sure that he
, , . . . , .
.

an interesting
. .

proposal

at

the meeting.
. . .
.

They

8. After ringing 9. She


. .
. . .

department stores, 10. The packing equipment for an hour.


II.

for a week before making a decision. the offer up three times I finally to head office. her business from one small shop to a chain of
. . , , , . . . . . .
. . . .

and production was halted


. .

The new range was so popular that the shop in 2 days. 12, Last year they the factory for three weeks and everybody had to have their boHday at the same time.
. , . . . .
. . . . .

18. She
14.

working

even

though the others had stopped,

immediately
. .

15. My plane 16. I

saying I was interested in their offer. four hours late because of'fog.

nnally
.

our agent in Turkey. He phoned last week. 12

7 Using a trade directory


In a trade directory, services and suppliers are Listed under appropriate headings. In this exercise you have to decide which heading from the following list you would look under for what you need. Use each heading once only. Write your answers in the boxes. L ACCOUNTANTS 2. ADVERTISING AGENCIES 3. AIR CIIARTER & RENTAL 4, DEBT COLLECTORS 5. HOTELS 6. INTERIOR DESIGNERS PROBLEM

LAWYERS 8. OFFICE FURNITURE


7.

8. RESTAURANT 10, SECURITY SERVICES 1L STATIONERY SUPPLIERS 12. TRAVEL AGENTS

a. You want to take a client out to dinner. b. A visiting busineesman wants somewhen to atay. c. You"re worried about your tax liabilities, d, You're going to launch a new poduct onto the mark.et, e, You want to book a flight, f. You're worried about industrial espionage. g, You've run out of typing paper. h, A typist needs a new chair. i. Several customers have still not settled their accounts.

2 8 4 5

O
7 8 9
_11

j.
k. L

You want to hire a helicopter, The reception area looks drab. You am being sved for negligence,

12

Now complete each of the following sentences with a suitable phrase from the sentences you have just seen. L 2. 8. 4. 5. This new process is

top seemt and they're worried about


, . . . , ,
. . .

She's ringing the travel agency to The clients who still hadn't
They're holding a oception
, . , ,
.

wem sent a
. . .

final reminder.

to

onto

the market.
. . . .

Could you book a table at La Dolee Vita? I want to take Mr East


13

8 Confusing If

words

--

you use a word in the wrong way, learn from your mistake, Find out what the correct word or expression should be and then use both the correct and incorrect words in sentences so that you can understand and remember the

differences.

Choose the correct woni for each sentence,


l. She works for an advertisement/advertising 2. How will

agency.
anectleffect

the increase in interest


has agreed

rates

your sales?

3. My bank manager 4. We've had

to borrowllend

me another $2,000.
at least once

to cancellpostpone

the meeting until next Monday,


a day. by an hour due to computer failure.
at university.

5. These machines are controlledlinspected 6. My plane was delayed/postponed 7, Before coming


hfPe,

I studied economiceleconomy
in

8. I am interestedlinteresting

their new camera. to work


day,

9. Sbe applied for a joh/work as a personnel officer.


10,

Some employees have a longjourney/travel

every

11. The cost of life/living has gone up again, 12. Please send precise measurements/measures 13. We expect prices

when ordering.

to raiselrise

by at least five per cent.

14, We only exchange goods if you produce a receipt/recipe,


15. I must remembertremind
16.

the boss about

that meeting this afternoon. to any criticism.


cupboard.

Can you say/tell the difference between these two products?

17. The company is extremely sensiblelsensitive

18, There's some more paper in the stationary/stationery

14

9 Banking

services

ne way of building your vocabulary is to ask yourself how many words you and can write down about a certain subject, After you have made your list., checked the spelling and pronunciation, you can add any new weMs you meet. Before you do this exercise, see how many worda you can write down on the subject of banking. After you have done the exercise, add any new words to your

List.

Fill each blank in the text with the correct word or phrase, Choose fmm following list, Use each item once only.

the

credit rating issued statement credit transfer withdraw outstanding fmanei=1 institutions banker's draft in full salaries standing order eash dispenser interest slip Banks offer many services to businesses and their customers, Here are some of oomunission debited

the most common:


Many people now have a card which enables them to L money from a You feed your card into the machine and key in your PIN (personal 2, identification number) and the amount of money you want. If you have enough in to you up to a daily limit. your account, the money requested will be S. automaticany 4.. for is the amount you have drawn out Your account
.

..

Provided you have a sound 5, you can get a credit card from a bank To obtain goods or services, you present your card and and other 6, sign a special voucher. When it receives the voucher, the credit card company and then sends you a monthly 8., pays the trader (less a 7, Depending on the type of card you have, you will either have to pay S. on the balance left or be able to pay part of what is owed and pay 10..
, . . . . . , ,, , . , , . . . .
. .) . . .

..

..

II..

.....,

If you need to make fixed payments at regular intervals, e.g. for insurance premiums, you can arrange a 12. (sometimesknown as a banker's order; so that the bank will do this for you.
. .

You write one to pay, you can do this by 13.. 14... involved, for each bill and hand in fill for cheque the total som a everything to the bank cashier. If you have several bille
.

..

The transfer system is also used by employers employees' bank accounts.

to pay 15,.

directly into

If you are dealing with e supplier for the first time, a 16.. may be used as payment. This is a cheque guaranteed by a bank and therefox it is not likely
.

to

'bounce'.

14

10 Social English

In business there are times when you need to speak English socially, for example when you go out for a meal with an English-speaking eNent or colleague. It is important, therefore, to know some of the expressions used in these more informal situations. As you do this exercise, try to imagine situations in which these exchanges could occur.

with an appropriate response Complete each of these eenversations only. below. Use each response once

from

the list

Responses
b.

a. Pleased to meet you. I'm Jane Ford. Oh, so soon? Thanks. You too. e. d. Congratulationst pleasure. e. Not at alL It's been a L No thanks. 1've just had one. g. Yes, very much, thanks. h, No better. I'm afraid. i. Only a few days. j. Yes it is, isn't it. k. That would be very nice, thanks. L Is there anything I can do to help?

t'

Oi

6-

3.......

.................--,.

4.....
16

....

.---..

......

t'v

,Syrd,L vor" A VIN#4 APET ?

a
DO.

/ RF4AY
Fo/N.

8947"

Be

L/
4

,N
5.
.,.....,..,..

/ li
. . ......

Wall
8.
. . .. .. ..

Bi

..

Aveva.O

A/AN
SMPA

N 4 4,

com

NR

$44Y

RFTWWWV44

a 7.
....,........

i
..........

I 8. ?
. . . .... ........

veen (ceva

.sex

we

Vou NJ

was

QUT

r aarave
M*'V

1. 7

AA
9.
4
.............

i
4FNJor/N
,?

i
... ......

:
10.
44y
..... .............

:
A

wom

erav

I ( cow

>"Oc?
.

er

v +
....

11,

.......

....

..........

12...

,,,

17

11 Letters
Below you will see parts word or phrase in each

2 enquiries
leaflet further details hesitate In addition in production pleasure

Answering
only. additional features conipetitive price date doing business
enclosed

of three letters answering an enquiry. Put the correct blank. Choose from the following list. Use each item once

enquiring enquiry full details

range sincerely supply

A.
Dear Ms Prentie Thank you for your I,, of Brd May about our office stationery. We have 3, in enclosing our latest omtalogos and price Est. We hope you will find 10 of interest. contact us. please do not 4.. If you require any 3..,......,
. . . .

.....to

Yours

5.

B.
Thank you for your letter of Jsouary The enclosecl catalogue contains 6.
.

4th,
.

aalt.tng about office furniture. of our range. In most cases we


within fourteen
days.

you with the gooda you require We look forwarel to receiving an order from you. are able to i
. .

C.
Thank you for your letter calculator.

of l et eTune, 8,
. . . .

about the JF72

pocket

su.persedeel by the JFTE the As you will see from the 10.. 12.. at an extremely 1stest omtalogue glving detalla of the vast We have also enclosed our 13.. of electronic goods we supply. of not less than. SO of t,he same We allow a discount of BO% on purchases less not 35% quantitles than 100. 14.. of we give a model, ancl on 15.. of days from within fourteen discount of 5% for payment
This model is no longer 9... solar-powered pocket calculator. new model has several 11.,
,
. .

as

it has been

invoice,

We look forward

to 16..

with you in 18

the near future.

12 Two-word

expressions

Sometimes
credit card
sometimes

in English two words em used expression, for example:

together to make a common

departmo

lounge

Sometimes you will find these expressions listed separately in a dictionary and they are included in the definitions of one, or both, of the words. You need to learn the expressions as complete phrases.

Join one word on the left with one from the right to make a two-word partnership, Use each woni ence only, Write your answers in the boxes.
L box
2.

cash 8. eivil
4, 6, 8. 7,

economy exchange filing

a. black b, board e, cabinet d. drive e, exchange f, flow


g. margin h. number L policy

income 8. insurance

5 6 7 8

9. job 10, notice 11. office


12. profit 13. stock 14. trade 15. word

9
11 12 13 14

j, processor
k. rate L satisfaction m, service n.

tax

o. union

Now complete each sentence with one of the expressions. 1, She bought a
. . . .

to replace her old typewriter.


. . .

2. They built a big

in

the
. .

middle
. . .

of
.

town.

8, Change your money when the


4. For some people
,
. . . . .

..

is more favourable,

is mom impottant 19

than a high salary.

13 Product
you can get If advertisements in find lot of useful vocabulary

information

catalogues in English, or magazines or newspapers containing English, look at the descriptions of the products. You can in this way. a In addition, many products have information written in English which will also help you to build your vocabulary. Remember, there are many opportunities to see real English. All of them can help you to learn.

which

Each product answer

In this exercise you win see some information about a product. You must decide product is being referred to. Choose the product from the following list.
is referred

to once only,

phone

briefense burglar Alarm


clock

computer cordless phone diary


fax machine

laser printer office chair


partitioning pen

photocopier pocket calculator signmaking kit

table lamp

Desk top publishing at an eennomical Compatible price. High inulvtion, with a wide rango of systems.

With buill-in pre-recorded message or facility to meerd your own. Speaker


volume cantml,

1.............,...............

2.

......,............

..

.....

Sent

The infa red sanom detret any intmders. A message is immediately

to the control

Make enHeanywhem inside or within 100 metres outside. Paging facility.

S.

......,..............,......

4.

..,...................

,...

60 grey shades for better


of phetagophs.

One touch diallin

transmission

High n=sulation

colour monitor
with word-processing

Onynescomplete

and other business software.

5,

..,.........................

Oi,
20

.....................

......

13 Product
you can get If advertisements in find lot of useful vocabulary

information

catalogues in English, or magazines or newspapers containing English, look at the descriptions of the products. You can in this way. a In addition, many products have information written in English which will also help you to build your vocabulary. Remember, there are many opportunities to see real English. All of them can help you to learn.

which

Each product answer

In this exercise you win see some information about a product. You must decide product is being referred to. Choose the product from the following list.
is referred

to once only,

phone

briefense burglar Alarm


clock

computer cordless phone diary


fax machine

laser printer office chair


partitioning pen

photocopier pocket calculator signmaking kit

table lamp

Desk top publishing at an eennomical Compatible price. High inulvtion, with a wide rango of systems.

With buill-in pre-recorded message or facility to meerd your own. Speaker


volume cantml,

1.............,...............

2.

......,............

..

.....

Sent

The infa red sanom detret any intmders. A message is immediately

to the control

Make enHeanywhem inside or within 100 metres outside. Paging facility.

S.

......,..............,......

4.

..,...................

,...

60 grey shades for better


of phetagophs.

One touch diallin

transmission

High n=sulation

colour monitor
with word-processing

Onynescomplete

and other business software.

5,

..,.........................

Oi,
20

.....................

......

Styhob cover. Page a day. Containe conversion tables and other useful
information,

Swivel hase. With

Fully adjustable. VarieLy Extra deep evahioning.

or without

arma of fabrica.

7...........,,...............,

,..

...

..

....

..

..,

Large quantity in stock. Immediate delivery. Dismantling and erecting mervlee availab3e-

The effective

answer

duplication, Mjustable speeds.

to high

volume

Qualitymproduction.

9.

.....,...............,......

10,

...,-.........

.....,.

Durable self-edhesive lette", numbere and symbols in a variety or sim, Can he uaed indoors and out.

White dial with black numerala. Battery supplied,

II.,..,....,,,,,,,,........,,,,

12.

..

....

,,,........

calculator,
locka.

Document lolio in lid, Packets for pens etc. Combination

Salar powered.

8-digit LCD display.

13,....,,..........,..,........

14.,......

..

.....

Stainless steet cap and harrel. Supplied with 43uc refili.

Max 60

Funy adjustable. Rench 30 in. watt bulb,

15.

...,.........,,.,,,--.......

16,-,.-.

.......

........

Now look through the descriptions and note down any words or phrases that will be useful for you.
21

14 Word formation
a a dictionary, see will be Sometimes these W word and sometimes they appear separately.
words

ben you look up from it.

word in

wiH

word.

dictionary entry to see

what

words

if you can form other words included in the definition of the Look before and after each you can find formed from the same basic

Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in capital lettere. In some cases you will have to make a negative form by using the prefix in. er un.
L

ACCEPT

this arrangement is totally to us. Pve just received their letter of so we can go ahead.
, .
. . . .

Ym sorry, but

2,

ACT

The unions have threatened to take industrial day on the Stock Exchange. Ifs been a very at the moment. The IWD department seems full of.
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .

8.

ADD Well be bringing out several to our product line. bonus if I exceed my sales tmgetby more There's an
. .

than 10%.

4.

ANALYSE We3] need a detailed cost


.
.

befom giving final approvaL

Most
5.

think

we're in for

a difficult time.

APPLY

Unfortunately we can't nterview every I sent in my letter of and they phoned me the next day, when them am fewer than 10 employees The ogulations am not
. . . . . . . . . .

6.

ASSIST Wet need some financial He was in a meeting so I apoke


. . , , ,

to enable us to buy more stock. to the manager,


., , , , . . . . . .

7.

ATTRACT One of the

of the offer is
. . . . . . .

the free training course.


.

They were ofTering a very

salary so of course I was interested.

22

8.

COMMERCE vehicles en the road these dayst There are so many viable. I m afraid the scheme is not that we're going somewhere else. The resort has become so As well as newspaper advertising, we plan a series of TV
, . , ,
. . . . . .

9.

CONNECT flight didn't leave until 10 o'clock. My with their ofTer of an agency. We sent them a letter in useful in She has some the hotel trade.
. . , ,
.

10,

CONTRACT

The
11.

has
. . .

We are

told me the office will be ready by next month, obliged to provide adequate seenrity for the shipment
.
.
. . .

DIRECT

I enclose a map and to help you to find our office, will make the final decision about the scheme. The board of I found the company by looking in the local trade with the manufacturer. I always deal There's been another frorn head office about photocopying.
.
.

12.

DECIDE
He>LI never make a good manager. He's so A on the new factory is expected soon,
. . . . .

13.

DIFFER Installing air-conditioning has made all the supplier this time. We've decided to try a We'll have to agree to I still think it would be better to go by mad.
. . . . .

14.

DISTRIBUTE in this area, so we're fomed He's the sole The increase in petrol prices will push up our
. . , ,
. . . .

to buy from him,


, , . ,

costs,

15.

ECONOMY We must
, , ,
. . .

All

those wonderful

on electricity, so switch off those lights. haven't found a solution to our problems.
, , . . . , , ,

23

15 Opposites

ben you see an adjective in a sentence, ask yourself if it is possible to it by its apposite. You will notice that some adjectives have several opposites depending nu the context.
replace

The opposite of short, for example, could be long or tall. Can you think of any more examples like this? A good dictionary will help you. It's another word partnership poblem!

Complete each sentence with the opposite of the word in brackets. Choose from the following list. Use each word once only.
approximate

basic

complex compulsory

fulltime internal light


low

marked negative

private

short

partial
permanent

1. The new complaints procedure 2. Have you got

has been a

..

success. (COMPLETE)

the

sales figures? (EKACT)


. .

8, The post went to an

candidate.
.. . . . .

(EXTERNAL)
. .

4. I didn't expect my salary 5. There's a lot of


, , , , , , ,
.

to be as

as this! (HIGK)

industry in the ama. (HEAVY)

6. We'n expecting big savings in 7. Wearing a

the

term. (LONG)

tie was
. .

in his office. (OPTIONAL)

.job

8. She has a

as a shorthand typist. (PART-TIME)


. . . , , .

9. Them was a very

reaction to my suggestion. (POSITIVE)

10. Wages have risen more slowly in


11. The company

the

sector. (PUBLIC)

has a
, . , , , ,

management structure. (SIMPLE)


in efficiency. (SLIGHT)
. . . . . .

12, There was a

improvement
.

18. We could see he was using very 14. He's got himself a
. . . .

equipment.

(SOPHISTICATED)

Job as a mechanic, (TEMPORARY)


24

16 Word partnerships

Match each adjective on the left with a noun on the right to l'orm common partnerships. Use each word once only, Write your answers in the boxes,

Set 1
1. S. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

annual early
extended limited
natural

a, conference b, credit

c, dismissal d, enterprise e. LiabHity

pension

2 3 5 g 8

occupational
private unfair

g, resources h, retirement

Set 2
New do the same with effective 2, financial 3, high 4, intmductory
L

these

weds.

a. communication

1 3
__4 _

h. difficulties c, investment d, offer


e. priority L pmperty

5, skilled 6, sound 7, vacant 8, wide

6
8

g, range
h. workers

Now complete each sentence using an appropriate expression from above,


1. As a special 2. I'm going
. . .

they're sening two for the


, , ,

price of

one,

to the

of our trade union.

3, He was only 50 but he decided 4. Thens is a abortage of


, , , . , ,
. -

to take
for

this kind of work.


25

17 Mr Baker's

trip

Below you will see pictures of different stages in Mr Baker's trip. You must decide which of the sentences below goes with which picture. Use each sentence once only,
help. a. Thanks very much for all your b, Yve got an appointment with Mss Jarvis. of Baker. e. Ud like to book a room with a bath in the name d, Keep the change. QF2, now boarding at Gate 24. e. This is the last call for 11i.ght f. How was your trip? g. Have you got anything to declare, sir? h. A return to Ashfield, please. i. Medium, please. j. The Hotel Major, please, k. My name's Baker. My secretary has booked a room for me. L Pleased to meet you. m. Here's to our continued co-operation, booked a room with n. Ym afraid there's been a mistake. Fm sure my secretary bath,

3.

,,.....,.....,......,,..

d. 26

...

,...,,,.

..-

FS

? 9 9 Y

5.

...

..

..

.......

....

-..

.......

10

....

..

11,

....

.......,,..

12

....

......

18..

.....

.,,,...........,

14...-. 27

..

..

......

18 Letters
word

--

3 Orders

Below you will see parts of four letters concerned with orders. Put the correct or phrase in each blank. Choose from the following list. Use each item once only. inconvenience quotation accept delivery range line acknowledge stock regret note eurrent issue supply reserve the right following postage terrns resume

A.
With reference

to
I would

your

Monthly', I

like for

advertisement 2 to order
15

in Easifix

the

1,,,......of
Year

'Office

Planners.

enclose

a cheque

to

include

2,......,,and

packing.

B.
Tha.uk you. for your 3, of Sth July for your "Pinesse" 4. of dining room furniture. We find your 5. a.nd would like to order the 6.,
. . . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
. . .

satisfactory

10 "Finesse" 40 "Finesse"
. . . . . . .
-

dining

dining tables at ASSO per 1tem chairs at &60 per item

We 7. that you can 8.........notto9,,,,,,...afterthistime.


We

supply these items within EiO days and we


. . . . . . . .

should be obliged if you would 10,

receipt of th18 OPdBP.

C.
We thank you for your mder of 11th May for 2 Easifix Year Planners. This 11, has proved so popu.lar that we 12. to infomi you it is temporarily out of stock.
, , , . . , , , . , , , . . . ,

that

We hope to be able to 18, We apa agise for any 14,

supplies withm the next ten days. this may cause.

D.
Thank

and

you for your 40 "Finesse''


in

order

of 12th
chairs.

July

for

10 "Finesse'"

dining
above
items

tables
from

dining

As we are

10..........
next

to 15.,.......you a position for them we have arranged

with
to

the

be delivered

to you

early

week.

28

19 Word groups

--

with the same topic can emember that grouping together wouls connected help you to learn them. As you meet new vocabulary, see if you can think of other worda that could be used in the same context,

Put each of the words below into the correct list. Some words could go into more than one list but use each woni once only and put it into the category with which it is meat commonly associated, Can you think of any more words to add to each list? picket speculate dumping actuary policyholder stock exchange embargo bears premium strike export claim closed shop program judge sue taritT legal compatible shares
data L Computers mediate software

trial
2. Industrial relations

3 Insurance

4, International

trade

5. Investing

0. The law

29

20 The electronic
In
with word

office

this passage about the use of enmputers in business you must fill each blank one word. Choose each woni from the following list, You must use each
once only, input keyboard linked output
printer

accurate components contnuous

modem

floppy

records retrieve

single supplies

screen

transactions

USING COMPUTERS Computers are being used more and more in business because fast, efficient artd 1..
.

they are

Here are some ways in

which

computers

are used:
, . . . . . .
.

details of Insurarice companies use them to store and 2. clients' policies. Production departments in companies use them to ensure they have of raw materials and4. adequate s. Banks use them for processing details of accounts and 5. Personnel departments use them to keep 6. of a comparty's employees.
......., .. .....

Can you

think of any other

ways

in which computers are used?


.
. .

The most common ways in which you can 7.

information

into a

computer are: by typing it on a 8....,


-froma

..

9.......... by 10.
.

disk
, , ,
,

over a telephone link. from another computer 11, to yours.


.
. .

computer ce n 12. on a IS..


. . .

information:

called a VDU (visual display unit). sheets or may use 15. to a 16. stationery. to a floppy disk. - to another computer,
. , . .

14.
, ,

which

30

21 Make or do?
Complete each sentence with the carrect form of make' or
1, Them's a rumour going round that Pelly's are going Squash International, 2, Please
, , , ,
. .

'do'.

I
, , ,
. . .

to

a bid for

your best
,
. .

3. Who shall I
redundant.

to get these typed before 5 oclock. the cheque out to? to


-

4, If we don't get some oniers soon weT have

some of our workers


we can

without 5. Tm afraid you have to get the part we need from the suppliers.
. ,
. . .

the other photocopier until

6. We've been

business with them for over thirty years now.


. . . ,
. .

and we hope 7. Considerable progmas has been proposals to our members tomorrow afternoon.
. .

to put some concrete this

8. The bank has decided year. 9. They've been


10. We
.

to
,

extra provision

against had debts

local television, have


.

a roaring trade since they decided to advertise en


pro6t on
, ,
. .

a considerable
. . .

the sale of that land,


nobody expected

11. Tve got all


,
. . .

these invoices to
.

before I can go home.

12. The business was so run down when she such a success of it. her to
. , ,
. .

took it over that

13. Something as simple as changing the site of the lettering on all the diffemace to your sales.
. . .
. .

the packet can

14. Increasing production will even more demands on machinery which is already breaking down at an alarming rate.
, , , ,
.

15. They could 16. We've


.

with

some computer paper in the wages ofEce, a complaint about one of our salespeople. us a favour by launching their product lirst,
. .

away with the old system of clocking in.


, , ,

17, A customer has

18. Enfact, Gravers have We can learn from their mistakes.


. . , , . .

'make'

When you have checked your an.swers, underline each expression with "do' or

to help you to remember them.

31

22 Problems,
my coar raent
MrN

problems

seems
N

..
'

My typist keeps complaining of backa.che. If I were you, Fd get her a better chair.
-

Match each sentence below with Use each maponse once only,
ra

the best

response

on the next page.


-raeo-

weera

la

waasexe

ocure

wr"we
row

wers.

eer

or

I............,...,..........
>

2.

..........

.,.....

ens'r

roera

rease far ro amt.ce

ys

oog

wee ro wseove Maya smoocer

3.

.........,................

4,
race,
aan were

,.......

..

..-.

ewens,s

ocar

rr,

srrovy

cow'r

par

newey

au

ade<

47

rsue
wear

/
5,
..,..,....................

/\
6, 32

/
......

3
...,..

t*
.
..-..


9.
....

&
..............,....,

I
var

i
10...
. .or.warseres

<i
. . .. . ..

ritese

e swa

ser m

ooo

44

1L....

.........

,.........

12,

...

..

..

....

..

..

a. Let's see what R & D can come b. Shall I get you some more from the stationery store? 4. Why dodt you loo.kfor ajob abroad? d. Have you tried getting one from
up
with,

help? i. Maybe they'll accept part


payment.
registered,

g. I'd give them another ring if I were yo L h, Do you think arbitration would

an employment agency? e. They say therfs still growth left in the leisure industry. f. How about Tusaday morning?

j, In that case, yodd better send it


want me to look through them for you? 1. Why not fax them, then?

k. Do you

33

23 Letters

4 Delayed

orders

Below you will see parts of three letters concerned with a delay in fulfilling an order. Put the correct werd or phrase in each blank. Choose from the following list. Use each item once only.

apologise for
deaIing deducted despatching

deter further issue matter

delay

mislaid obliged
passed
promised

refund regret reply

the delay

delivery

set

A.
On Oth October I sent you an order for a 1, programs which you had advertised in the October 2, World'.
, , . . .
.

of five computer
. . . . .

of 'Computer

within 28 days. 6 weeks have now advertisement 3. You mvat have and I have stll not, reasived the programs. from my received my order as the A70 19&id by chaque has been 5. bank account. for me and send my order without Would you please look into th.is G.
Although 4,
, . . . .

your
.

B.
Two weeks ago I sent you a letter inquiring about my order of Sth October for five computer pPogPams which had not arrived. I have received no 8., to my letter and the programs have still not been delivered. I must aak you, therefore, either to send my order immediately OP 10 9. my &OR Of .
, , , . . . . . , , , , , . ,

I hope I shall not be 10.

to take this matter any further.


of
23rd. We 11.........in November five computer programs.

C.
Thank

you

for

your
order

letter
for the

12.,,,.....your Unfortunately,
for

13.........with
.

with system we had problems our new computerised orders ands rasv1t, order was as a your the five we hope programs you ordered will go some way to
nconvenience.

14......... We have

extra delay.
Once not

enclosed disk which

together making up

with for

an the

again

we 15,,,,,,,,,the
from

IG.,,,,,,,,you

doing

busineas

with

it will We hope that us in the future.

34

24 Special areas 1 Buying and selling


-

Choose the best alternative


rden,

to complete the sentence,


. . . . . . . .

1. As soon as an item of stock falls below its minimum

2. 3, 4. 5, 6,

7. 8. 9.
10.

11,

12,

the computer automaticany re< d. position b. level a, standard e. grade Often a discount is offered as an to get a customer to pay promptly. interim d. inventory incentive investment b. e. a. The final cost could be higher, Remember that was only an enquiry b. d. engagement estimate encouragement a. e, you've Check the got everything, note and see that b, delivered e, delivery d. delivering a. deliver When ordering, please quote the d. catalogue number a. numbered catalogue h. catalogue c, figure received note telling me that the goods have been Tve just an dispatched. d. advisory b. advise c. invoice a. advice Every month account customers am sent a b. statement e. request d. stocktaking a. final demand In the UK, VAT (value added tax) a a tax on goods and d, eteekists b, servants e, atockings a, services If they don't we'll account their take them to court. b, pay up d, pay for a. set up c, settle By mistake we have undercharged her ao we have to send her a note for the amount. b, credit d, codit-worthy c, debit a. debt If you take the sweater back to the shop they want to see the to show yon bought it there. b, reception e, permit 4. quotation a. receipt It"s a market at the moment so you should be able to pick some up
,
,
.

at a masonable price.

a open
13. The market has reached new products,

b. free
, , . . . . , ,

d. seller's e, buyer's point so we need to concentrate on finding

b. saturation e, filling d. boling a. full when the tourist season starts, 14. We hope that business will d, pick ofT b. get up c. pick up a. set off goods. 15. You pobably find furniture polish among the household housing 4. housewife house b. c, a, shopping market and built a 18. They"ve pulled down the old b, precinct d. retailer e, franchise a, premises
. .

35

25 The passive
A the passive
form is used in sentences such as: Grove Developments have been chosen to buld the new sporta centm. It is important that you know the past participle form of every verb you learn as and make sentences in whieb the passive is this will help you to understand used.

a you read about huainess in newspapers and magazines, notice how often

In this exercise you have to complete each sentence by using the correct form of one of the following verbs. Use each verb once only. make send build take over set up hold tell overcome spend underwrite know say win steal lose sell 1. More

than 6 million tins of beans are


.

3. They were

every week. by an American company last year.


. . . . .
. .

3. No attempt was

to explain the incensistency


.

in

the figures.
went like

4. Kent Industries are

to be thinking of expanding overseas.


,
.

5. Once initial problems had been clockwork. 6. Their new factory will be 7. The contract was 8. Over
, ,
. . .

the re-organisation

on the outskirts of town. in the face of strong competition.


. . . . . .
.

$3 million

was

on advertising last year. to all potential


investors. in advance about

9. A prospectus
10. Why weren't

will be ellents
. . . .

tha increase in fees?


next Wednesday.

11. A product can be

by diffemnt names in different countries.


. . .
. . . .

12. An extraordinary general meeting will be

IS. The share offer will be

.,

by a leading merchant bank.


, , . . .

14. 110 working days have been industrial unrest.

so far this year as a result of


.
. .

15. A network of service centres will be and maintenance. 16. They claim

to take care of installation


. .

that

plans for

the new aircraft


36

were

by a competitor.

26 Organisation

chart

bink about the ways in which companies are organised inta departments with different responsibilities, Do you know the names in English of the people in charge and how to talk about their responsibilities? If not, try to find out and then make your own chart similar to the one below.

Below you win see a chart showing the way in which a company could be organised. In some cases, a word is missing frern the chart, Find the correct word frorn the foHowing list. Use each word once only. Write your answers at the bottom of the page. Accountant Administration Advertising Board

Control Head Innovation


Mail

Manager

Managing
Market Personnel

Processing Iteeruitment

Salaries Stock

L,

of Dimeters

The missing L........... 5............ 9,........... 13,...........

words

are.
2..,..... A.-...,, 10............ 14.....,,,.... 37
...

3,. 7......... 1L.....,,, 15.........

.....

..

BL..... 8. 12. 14...


. .

..

...

..

..

,,

..

..

..

..

..

27 Making a presentation
A.
Look at the picture. Put the conect number by each of these items. feltpen........ Landont,. barchart........ pointer curtain flip chart pie chart slide projector screen
....
. . . . .

notes graph.

podium microphone
.

overhead

projector

12

11

10

38

B.
with a word

Below you will see extracts fmm a presentation, You must complete each blank or phrase from the list below. Use each item from the list once only. First

purpose priorities Finally, Next, 1,.


. , , ,
. . -

of all, May I begin As you know, In other words,

up

as a whole As far as

to date to sum up

at such short

notice On the contrary, On the other hand, draw your attention

by welcoming you all, especially as this meet.ing has had to be celled

3. our latest project has been the target of intence speculation in the of this presentation is to media during the last few days, and the 4. bring you 5, on what has been happening.
. . . . . . .

fd like to ofresh your memories as to the backgmund to the 6. F11giveyou a broad outline of what we've achieved so far. praject. 7, will be over the I ll try to give an indication of what our 9. 8, next few months.
. . . . , , ,
.

IfI can 10,, to the month of July, you will notice unexpected fall in overseas sales.
. , , , , , ,

that there was an

II.,

domestic sales are concerned,

you can see

that gmwth has been

sustained,

the figures for Europe 12,. we can see some quite encouraging trends.
If we look at
. .

and Germany in particular,

We don't fear competition, 13..

we welcome it, . ,

We could open a branch there. 14,, for a good agent to represent us.
.is

we may

be better advised to look


15,

This

a time when we must consider our optione carefully, should not rush into making any decisions,
. . . . , , ,

we

So, 16,, then, don't believe everything the media few problems but the futum looks bright, I 39
i

tella you, We've had a

W Word partnerships

Match each verb on the left with a noun on the right to form common partnerships. Use each word once only. Write your answers in the boxes.

Set 1
L address 2. arrange

3, consider 4. fire 5. keep


6. pay 7. place 8. phone

a demonstration c. an employee d, an invoice e. a meeting f. an order


g. h. a proposal

a. b.

a client

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

a record

Set 2
Now do the same with L build

these words.
a. agreement b. a cheque e, costs d. disputes e, f. h. a factory goods i 2 3 4 y 6 7

cash 3. despatch
2,

4. express 5. postpone

0.

reach

7. reduce 8. settle

g, a meeting

thanks

Now complete each sentence by using a suitable expression from above.


1,

They hope to

by employing fewer staff.

2. 3. 4.

Onuld you

so we can see exactly how it works?

It's not always easy

to
. .

between management and staff.


land nearby.

They're going to

on some vacant 40

29 Choose the adverb

with

e you study English, notice how some adverbs form common partnerships
other
worde,

for example:

Each product is

thoroughly tested.

This process is widely used.


way, you should note

If you want to use English in a natural expressions like this.

down and learn

From the following list choose a suitable adverb to complete each sentence. Use each adverb once only,
absolutely actively correctly eventually favourably financially
. .

fully
satisfactorily specially strictly
.

tactfully temporarily
virtusily widely

considerably
conveniently

1. Our new office is

located in

the middle of town.


,
. . .

3. I hope the negotiations will be concluded

3, This credit eeni i.s


4. Make sure you'm
.

accepted so I

take it everywhere. to the States.


, ,
. -

insured when you go

5. The accountant had 6, You have been 7. I'm sum 8, Get


, , ,
.

to check that the company


, ,
.

was

sound,

selected to try out our latest prodnet,


. . . . . . . ,

the Government's policy will


. . .

cause a recession.

this software

foe

when you buy one of our computers.


. . . . . , , .

9. Entry

to this part of the factory is


very
,
. . . . . .

limited.

10. Production methode 11. Make sure

imm
,

nrmto firm.

the envelope is
, , , , , ,

addressed.

12. The switchboard is


13.

out of order but it'll be soon fixed,


.

The tableware they poduce is

unbreakable,

14. She learned how

to deal

with people who complained.


. .

15. Our sales figures compare 1. Staff should be


, .
.

with

those of our competitors.

encouraged 41

to show initiative,

30 Special areas Public relations


Choose 1. The

the best alternative to complete the sentence.


.
.

task of the pubhe relations department is to project the right of a company, b. image d. drawing a, painting e, picture 2, When the product was launched they issued a press to all the news agencies, b. issue d. promotion a, escape e, release 3. According to the code of practice, a public relations officer should not
. . . .

knowingly

false information.

a corporate identity, b, systems d. fashions a. schemes c. styles 6. We need to liaise more with politicians and servants if we want the government to agree to our plans, b. polite d. civilian a. omcial c. civil 7. $200,000 of for emcial opening the new store. the was b, brought about e, set off d. laid up a, set aside 8. Sponsorship can be an effective way of promoting towards an organisation. b. goodwill d. goodness a. win e. willingness reception wth irrelevant 9. At a press don't gueste material, b, override d, overcompensate a, overload c. overtake 10. The weeption most be held at a convenient with good transport and parking facilities, b, venue d. venture a. revue e. view 11. When making a presentation to a relatively small an overhead projector can be invaluable. b. spectator d. congregation a. assistance c. audience 12. Within a large organisation a well-designed is an effective method ofnternal communication. h, home d. Plant a. in-house e. household 13. Participating in local events, such as carnivals, is a good way ofdeveloping relations. b. commonplace e. communal d. community a, common of communication to get our message 14. We used every across, b. stmam d. canal a. flow o. channel
.
. .

a. disseminate b, dissociate e, dispose 4. Some companies entertain journalists mon h. largely a, lasciviously c. leniently 5. The use of such things as logos and colour

d, dissolve than others. d, lavishly helps to maintain


.

.journal

15.

We have to highlight our strengths and b. think through c. play down a, play up
, , . . . .

any weaknesses, L talk back

42

31 Letters

5 Sales

Below you will see extracts from three sales letters. Put the correct word or phrase in each blank, Choose from the following list. Use each item once only. colleagues confident
convenience eligible experience featured needs recommend

complimentary copy extensively trialled


favourable response further information highly popular

recent

publications

suitable
value

representatives specially selected subscription form terms of payment

A.
We have pleasure in

enclosing a L

of one of our most2.


. . , , , ,

'Build Buelness Vocabulary'. series, You will note that the book has a similar format to our 3, Vocabulary', vocabulary but conceatotes on usel'ul to anyone '.Boild Your who needs English in a business situation. from The exercises hava teen 4, and have met with a 5, for use in the classroom both learners and teachers, The book la 6, English working alone. er by a learner of We feel sure that you will want to 7. this boolt to your colleagues
YouP
, , . . . , , , , . , . , , , , , ,
. . . . .

and studente,

R,
in aalling office equipment, We are a company with over 30 years 8, We have recently brought out a new range of equiptnent and furniture designed to meet the S. of today's electronic office. 10, in our latest brochure which I have enclosed This new rgnge is detadle with of our generous 11, together If you require any 12. siinply telephone me ond1 will arrange for one of our 13. to call on you.
,
. . . . . . . . . . . .

C.
You have latest
of

been

14.........
course send

by

my

company

our you
will

publication

'Susiness
a free

to Dealinge'.

receive

a free

copy of

Me carmet

because
find

we 15.....,,,. it fascinating

but we have chosen copy to everyone We are 16,........ that you your opinion. and want to show it to your 1,,,..
..

monthly and we have enclosed is published a Subscribe within the three next 19,........ 1,......,, for your for a discount weeks and you will of twenty per cent. be 20,........
'Business

Dealings"

32 Advertising
the o at some advertisements Ilook partnerships find
you can

advertising,

right choice of words can


which

help to sell a product. If possible, in English and see how many word create a favourable impossion of the product.

Match each word on the left with a word on the right. Use each word once only. Write your answere in the boxes.

Set 1
I. Competitive 2. delicious 3. effortless 4. finest 5. full 6. glossy 7, perfect 8. wide

a. brochure b, cleaning e, details d, fit e, flavoure


f, quality

2 8 4 5 7 8

g. rates h, variety

Set 2
Now da the same with
2.

these words.
a, b. brochure
Company

1. forward-looking

full<olour

1 2

3. hard-wearing 4. highly-trained 5, 6. 7. 8.
money-saving

c. driving d. recipes spray g. staff h. tips


e. f. shoes

muth-watering
omone-friendly stress-free

Now complete each sentence by using an expression from above 1. Inside each cooker 2. 8. 4.

there a a free cook hook full of

are ready to look after your every need. With hand-made shoes you get a every time.
.

Our

The sophisticated automatie steering means 44

-2

33 Opposites You
remember.

can often build your vocabulary by asking yourself if you know the opposite of one of the most important words in a sentence,

It also helps

to learn worde in a complete sentence, This makes them easier to

Complete each sentence with the opposite of the word in bmekets, Choose from the following list. Use each word once only. You must use the coroct form of the verb.
accept agree attack demolish

complicate
1.

expand gain impose


,

increase keep lose lower (ACCEPTED)

reject

strengthen succeed withdraw

He's

my recommendation.
, , .

2, They're 3. She
.

an office block down by the river, (CONSTRUCTING)

the company's policy on the environment. (DEFENDED)


.
.

4. She's gone . Is he 8. I

to the bank to

some money, (DEPOSIT)


.

the kind of person to

his responsibilities? (EVADE)


. . . . . , , .

think his reomanisation


.

plan will ultimately

(.FAIL)

7, They've

restrictions
. .

on using the telex. (LIFTED)

8. Share prices
9. We
. . . .

gound

thmughout the day. (LOST) that last deaL (MADE)


interest rates. (RAISE)

a lot of money on
. , ,

10. Did he IL

his appointment with that journalist? (MISS)


, , , , ,
. .

They say

the banks are going to


will
. . , , . . . ,

12. I

think this move

the deficit, (REDUCE)


,
. . .

18, Won't

the new elocking-in system


,

things? (SIMPLIFY)

14. Getting outside finance can only 15. Ship-building has 14 He


, , . , , . , ,
. .

our position, (WEAKEN)

in

this area over the years. (DECLINED)

that the company was in touble. (DENIED)


45

34 Word formation

Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in capital letters In some cases you will have to make a negative by using the prefix i!-, mis- or un. are desperate to find jobs. Every of the firm is entitled to a 10% discount. Her gets very angry if she uses the phone too much. I'm looking for tempomry during the summer holidays.
.
. -

1. EMPLOY In an area of high


, , .
. .

people

2. ENGAGE The line is Cancel all my


, ,

so I have to try again later, for the rest of the day, please.
. ,

8.

EXPENSE
.
.

to send the goods by air but They offered her 15,000 plus
.
. .

It's

they're needed urgently.

Unfortunately, on the project was much more than expected. claims am being looked at by the Chief Accountant. Kis
.

4.

EXPLAIN
. .
.

If you read the We're waiting for an


.

leaflet, everything should become clear. of his behaviour in the meeting.


. .
.

5. EXTEND We've decided to agree to their request for Could I speak to Miss Charles, please? I think it's The factory was damaged in the fire. I agree with her conclumons. To some
. . .
.

credit.
. . . . . .

272.

6.

FINANCE
.
. .

adviser is convinced the pmject will be a success, Her If the company is sound we might consider taking it over.
. . . . . .
. .

awareness of the need to improve productivity, The government is worried about the in public expenditure.
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .

7. GROW There is a

46

8, IMPRESS
when meeting clients. It's important to create a good The results from our new French subsidiary are very by our presentation. Em afraid she was
. , ,
. . .

9. INDUSTRY
In this high-tech world, Mr Fredericks, a prominent In some of the more
. . . . . . . . , ,
.

espionage is on the increase. will head the committee of inquiry. countries pollution is a big problem.
, ,

10. INFLATE prices! Yve no intention of paying such is running at 201 At the moment The government most take steps to helt the
. . , , , . . ,
. .

spiraL

11. INFORM Please let me know if you need any more I enjoyed her talk. It was very She no longer works for us. Em afraid you've been
. . . . .
.

12.

INSTRUCT
.

that she's not to be disturbed. The boss has left manuaB I can't raake head nor tail of this 13. INTRODUCE tomarks and then she gave her talk. The chairman made some I'd like to welcome Jane Phipps, who, fm sure, needs no
. .
.

14. INVEST These shams have given me a good return on my Small were advised to hold on to their shares,
. .
.

15. IOTOW We need somebody with a good working abroad, Our company is virtually
. .
.

of French.

She's obvionily very as far as marketing is concerned. 16. LEGAL It's to sell such goods without a proper permit. of the company's action, They questioned the
. , ,
. . .

47

35 Formal In

English
-

some business letters and legal documents For example, although sornebody might say:

more formal English is used.

We're trying to find out where she is, in formal English this might be written as:

to ascertain her whereabouts, This is a rather extreme example as there has been a reaction against this type of language. However, it is still important to recognise this kind of formal language and to know its less formal equivalent.
Complete each sentence by using each word from the following list. At the end of each sentence write its less formal equivalent. Make sure you use the correct form of the verb. anticipate comprehend elapse
L He went into

We are endeavouring

facilitate
perceive purchase
. . .
.

require undertake
. . .

terminate
a brooch for his wife.

the jewellery shop to


.

2. After

talking to staff we can


. . . .
.

communicating decisions to the workforce. (


3. A week
. . .

a need for a more efBeient method of )


-

before he contacted them again. ( )

)
.

4. Things should be easier now. The law settng up of small businesses. (


. . . .

they passed should


. . .

the
)

5. We shaH

more fimdingif

this scheme is to succeed. (


. . . . .
. . .

6. If deliveries do not improve, we shall he obliged to 7, We do not 8. They have

the contract.
)

any problems at this stage. (


.

to repay the

money

by the end of the month,

9. We feel that the Directors have completely failed unsuitable the site is. ( )
.

to

how

48

36 Special areas

3 Investing

Choose the best alternative to complete each aantence,


1. If a company needs to raise a lot of money, it may ahares, put b, purchase issue supply d, a, up o. play an important role in the stock market, 2. Pension b. truete 4. funde a. companies c. societies 8. As an ordinary shareholder, you are vote at the meeting, to b. titled d. persuaded e, entitled e, nominated which is made up of a crose-section of sharea, reflects 4. The sham the general activity of the market. b, index d, indicator a, indication c. measure 5, A is someone who buys shares, expecting the market to rise, b. bull d. stag a, hear c. dog is a speculator who Kpects abare prices to fall, 6, A h. Imll d. stag a. bear e. dog 7. A is a person who buys new issues of shares hoping to sell them quickly at a profit.
. . .

8.
S. 10.
11.

12. 18. 14.

b. bull d. steg a. bear e, dog put of Tve part the money into an instant account, b. meess d. entrance a. access c. exit Bonde issued by the government am often known as b. guilte d. debits e, golds c, gilts What kind of investment? I can expect on my b. prize d, return a. reward e, surplus You should have as diversified a of shares as possible. b. file d. folder a, ease e. portfolio In real the $1,000you invested would be worth $5,000 today, b. facts factura d, a. words terms e, The higher the risk you the more money you could make, b, do d. invest a. take e, make The market has been extremely few past over the years, b, wavering d, moving a. volatile e. ahocking
. . . .
. . . .

stock marlret a return on an investment Look through the sentences again and underline any other weni partnershipa you find.
49

e you did

the exercise, did you make a note of these partnerships?

37 Social English

2
response

Complete each of these conversations with an appropriate below. Use each response ance only,
a. b. I don't

from the list

think so,

e.
CL

e. g,
h.

i.

j.
k.
L

Yes. As a matter of fact, it's my hobby, Reception's as good a place as any. Just a fnt juice, please, Yes we must. II look forsvard to it. Fm afraid not. It was fully booked, Oh you shouldn't have! Thank you! You're welcome. It's difficult to say at this stage. Oh t doesn't matter. Not at a1L Go ahead. Do you think you could make it a bit earner?
you?

terrar c4v

ar

sva

Bacorer

you
.

rues

a_

1....................,......

E....

..

.....-.

...

wout.o

you

emvo

14 i

t;w asesta

t've

racorrev

3.

4. 50

t'U.

Prek

Vou

e?

av

s ao.

RAVN'y

WE

NAY

so.reusene
..

seron?
..

g
5..,...........,............
40
You

\
..,,

'

6...
W U. ACP/

..

..

..

..

TWE

THINA

NAV (Oy

Yoo

of

TRA<N FNoreg

vi

.......

...,..........,,

8..
TNANks

....

...

E Maar
4/rv

JONE

nua oc PVAff,

AN Ht,

YOUR
-

li
. ..

A.
........,

/l
. ....

10

....

...........

JNRG

MET.?

DJ'O 7

700

Af4^dtys

?"N

TN"."A7",7?

/
11.
,.... .......

\
.....

.4

\
......
.

12........ M

.....

38 Applying I
f you have an opportunity
your vocabulary.

for a job

to read job advertisementa in English, use them to Notice especially how certain werde and phrases keep build recurring. You can also find information about the kinds of things people are expected to do in the jobs advertised.

A.
with a word or phrase

Below you will see some extracts from job advertisements. Fill in each blank from the following list. Use each item once only.

attractive ability clear


contact experience

initiative outgoing preference

suit wHling busy office


hard work

team

required skills

kitchen staff pension scheme potential customers successful candidate

thorough training

Our new 200-seat restaurant is opening in May and we are looking for waiters, waitresses and 1......... If you are a friendly and 2, person who is not afraid of 8........ we have the
. , , ,
.

jobandhourato4.........you.
For more information, 5.......
Typist/Receptionist between experience 80 and of
. .

Relen on 443021.
.

6.

for

a 7.

Typi

give 120 vpm. No will vor using, processors

S.

10

& and applicants

shorthand who have

and

computers.

TELEPHONESALES EXECUTIVE work hard and can use their own We want a positive person who is 9.........to speaking 10... You must be livelyand haveagoodseneeof hurnouranda IL voice,
... ... , ..,
. ...

You will receive 12,...,....10 advertising with us.

enable you to inform 18,........of

the benefits of

Send c.v.to: ACCOUNTSCLERK


.will

The

14,,

have

had

15.,

.cf ,
.

book

keeping

and

banking The

procedures. VDU end

calls for position 17.....,...tovorkaspartofa18.......


.

secretarial
well

10.
.

plus

the

An 19..

salary

is

offered

as

as a company

20,.

52

B.
Now you will see extracts from two letters about the advertisement for an scoounts clerk, Fill in each blank with a woni fom the following list. Use each word once only. as audio available consider
Dear Sir With reference
interamed 1,
. . . . .
.

enclose enquiries

form
further in

position with

favourably for

opportunity

take to

your

advertisement for

in today's
. .

'Moming

Newa'.

am

2,

applying
, , .

the 5.
. .

of accounts

clerk with your


.

company.
Cou3d you
please

send me 4,

details

and an application 5,

Yours fait,hfvBy

Dear

Sir like
.

I would campany I

to

apply

&

,,

the

position

of

accounto

clerk

vlth

your

7.,,......my
present

appli.cation working My dutias

fortn.

I am at
TV

S........,
include and

a escretary

in

the copy

accounts typng

office and dealing

at

Industries,

9.........and 11,,,,
,,,,

10.........cotraspondence
Twice
I

telephone
to

a week I have
to

been

gong
eKariti.nati.co

evenog
in

classes
tTwee

in

book-keeping

and

intend

12.,,s.....an
for the

months,
like

I am apply].ng
leere

position

because

I would

en 18........,

to

make

use

of

my training. interview at any time.

I would I hope Yours

be 14........,for
that you will

15.........my

application

14,,.

..

faithfully

53

la

39 Past tense

to check if a verb is irregular when you learn a new one. Remember also that some verbs that end in ed in their past form have changes in their spelling, for example:

Remember
try tried

stop

stopped

Complete each of the sentences by using the past form of one of the verbs on the left and combining it with one of the words on the right. Use each verb once only. Some words on the right are used more than once. bring carry come
draw 1. We give

lay
leave
pay
. , , , . . . .

rely run

stiek stop

back forward
in

set stand
. . . . . . .
.

off on out

to

over

up

of computer paper and we had


.

to order some more.


wife's

2. They

a survey on biological detergents.


.

3. He was bankrupt
4.

but he
. . . . .

a company in his

name.

for Claire
.

while
,

she was away at the

conference.
refused

5. The workers increase their offer.


.

on strike when
. . . .
. .

the management

to

6. On

the way to Australia I


. . . . . . . .
. . . . . .

in Bangkok for two days.

7. They

an agreement which satisfied both sides.


.

8. Tbey

the meeting
. . . . , , , .

from Priday 7th


.

to Monday 3rd. to supply

9. Unfortunately we a supplier who was not able he with promised, the had components us
. . . . . . .

10. They

to consumer pressure and redesigned the packet.


. . . . . . .
.

11. In his speech he is it aR going to cost?


, , .

the most important detail. How much


.
.

12,

Last year Firmin's lack of ortlers.


. . . . . . .
. . . . . .

half

their workforce because of a to change


we had

18. He

his original demand. We couldn't get him


. .

his mind.
14. They

the money they had borrowed only after threatened to take them to const.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.

40 Special areas

Accounting
Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence, 4. translate c, invent 2. The bookkeeper keeps a record of every fmancial d. transcription b. transaction e, entry a. action 3. It's essential to the invoice number in any correspondence. d. tell b. quote c. say a. estimate
. ,
. . . . .

1. It's up to the accountant to b. intercept a. interpret


.

the various financial statements.

of the invoice goes to the customer, another copy goes to Sales, and we keep the other one here in Accounts, d. account b. issue e, top copy a, photocopy with our supplier over this invoice so don't pay it until 5, We're in you hear from me, d. distrema b. dispute e, agreement a. argument
4. The
. , , , , , ,
.

8. We send a a. reminder 7. If

h. remainder
. . . . .

to customere
, ,
.

who haven't settled

easier to understand, b. broke.n down a. set up


8. This company has a weekly b. payroll a. pay
. . . . . . .

these figures could be

d, memory c. remembrance into parts and labour it would make


c. munded up
.

their accounts,

them

d, laid down

of about 100,000, d, wage c. salary Our reserves, 9. Buying that new machinery has serionely depressed 4. deprived depleted depreciated b, c. a,
. . .

10. By examining

and other dpenments we were able to the balance find out that the company was not doing as well as they claimed, d. sheet b, ledger e, secount a, alip 11. Surely we can set some off these expenses tax. 4. from h, for e, on a, against 12. The rent for the office is already 8 monthe d. overdue b, in the red c, in demand a. overtime 13. Due to the economic climate we have had to more bad debts this year than ever before. d, note down b. write off c. find out a. ten off
. . . . . , . . ,
. .

.!

..

to keep trading? d. currency b, expenses e, accounts a. capital assets. 1. Such items se buildinge and machinery are known aa Current liquid fixed d. b. hidden c. a.
14. Do

they have enough

working

55

41 Important

adjectives

is often a poblem in English. It is a good idea to make Este of words difficult yourself regularly on them. you When you make two lists with the words and see how many mom examples you can think of.

find Spelling to spell and test have done the exercise below,

Is an

"a'or an

'e

missing from

the following wonis?


depend nt
domin nt effici at
perman nt

connd nt consist at
const ut conveni nt curr at

extravag at insolv ut

nt redund nt relev nt

reluet

signine nt

Now complete the following sentences by using one of the each adjective once only. 1. Ym
. .

atUeetivesabove. Use

.....

that we'll reach our target these orders in a more

without
. . . .

any difficulty,
. . . .

2. You should be familiar with 3. We must process


4.

the regulations
. .

to your

work,

way.
.

Unfortunately, the accounts show the company is

5. Short-term measures arm't enough. We need a rnore 6. The advertising

solution.

campaign had a
. . . . . . . .

..

..

..

effect en their sales.

7. 7.00 workers were made

when

the factory closed.

8. You couldn't get a more


9. The figures need
. . . . . .

location than next to the station! as we get more information.

updating

10, I hope interest rates don't stay at 11. The company fell unexpectedly 12. I wish they had a more you are with them! 13. It was 14. He's
, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .

the

level much longer!


. .

from its
.

market position.

policy

on discounts. You never know where

to spend so much on the press reception.


more

to invest any
. . .

money at the moment.

15. We are

on overseas suppliers for most of our components,


66

42 Word partnerships

Match each adjective on the left with a noun en the right to form common partnerships, Use each word once only. Write your answers in the boxes,

Set 1
L continnous 2. fundamental 3, illustrated 4. multi-national 5. patential a. aid

b. brochure e, control d. company


e, f. customer

1 2 8 4

8. prompt 7, strict 8. visual

disagreement

6
7 8

g. reply h. supply

Set 2
Now do the same with L advanced 2. alternative 8. close 4. competitive 5, B. 7, 8.

these words.
arrangements b, attention
s. 1 2 8 4 5 8 7 8

considerable essential
manual raw

c. expense d. labour e, materials f, quote g. requirement


h,

technology

Now complete each aantence using a suitable expression fkom above, 1. We can't use

the hall so we'll have to make taken over by a


, .
.

2. They were recently

3. Ed like you to meet her. She could be a


4. I want you

to pay

to everything he does.
57

43 Special areas 5 relations Industrial


-

Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.


1. Where there was a closed non-union workers, b. work a. shop 2. Talks most a. network
. . . . . . .

agreement an employer could not hire


e, factory & business
of the national agreement. d. working party
. , , , , , .

take place within the


b, contest

e. framework
.

with inflation, 8. We feel that salaries should at least keep place stin b. d, pace e, a. step 4. They proposed to minimise the effect of redundancy by relying on

RatBTR.... a. wastage 5. With


. . . . .

...

b. waste
. . .

i collecting c. collective 6. Depending on the result of the ballot, they may a strike, b. call d, de c. make a. name 7. If they work to the job might not be completed on time. rule b. order d, regulation a. c. rules 8. The increase will be on employees agreeing to a scheme to improve
.
. . . . . . .

bargaining the workers, not individuals, b. collection a. collected

d, wasting away e, time-wasting unions negotiate on behalf of groups of

productivity.

a. linked
8.

b. connected

c. dependent

d, joined
. . . ,

Union members were asked not b. strike a, boycott

to cross the
stop

e, picket

line, i boundary

10. The union seemed powerlessto h. mad dog a. wildcat


11.
.

the.

.......

strikes,

The employers tried a b. markup a. lock-up 12. We've decided to recommend a halfday
. . .
. . . .

d. mad bull c, bald eagle to force the staff to accept their terms, d. knock4cwn c, lockout
. . . . . . . .

claim.

strike in support of our

b, token d. symbol a. voucher o. backing 18. As we agreed to arbitration, wem have to accept the decision. b. free d. party a. voluntary e, binding 14. They voted to and try to prevent the factory from closing. d. set up b, sit out a, set out c. sit in I. As the unions have concentrated on the lower-paid workers in previous have been eroded, negotiationes b. definitions d, differentials e, demonstrations a. differences
. . ......

...

58

44 In the office

Can you name all the iteme below? Use each of these werde once only,
calculator

date stamp
guiHotine note pad

paper clips pencil sharpener


punch

scales

ruler

seissors stamps stapler

etaples string
wastepaper

tray

bin

1,..,.

..

..,

2,

...

....,

8,,,,,

,..

4.

9,,.

...

.....

10....

..

11.,.........

12.

13,..

......,,,

14.............

15.........,...

10..

..

..

Now look at

can remember.

the page for one minute and then cover it. See how
59

rnany items you

45 Noun and preposition


right

Combine a noun from the list en the left with a preposition from the list on the to complete each sentenee. You must use each noun once only, but each poposition can be used more than once. congratulations effect emphasis
experience
.
. . . . . .

access admiration

chance confidence

inertese interttlon interest point


. . . .

result

solution

for in of on to

I. He was full of.

the way she had chaired the meeting.


.. . . . . . . ..
. .

2. The rise in interest rates has had a considerable of furnitu and kitchen appliances. 3. By

sales

taking them over


. . . . .

we
, , .

shall gain
. . .

new

markets.

4. We have every 5. I hope

your organising ability.


. . .

they find a

this storage
, , . . . .

problem

soon!

6. To cater for the growing have had to put on three extra courses
.
. .

this

information year,

technology,we

7. Is

there any

seeing you about


. .

this some time today?

8. We need

than buying more equipment,


9. Have you had any
10. 11.
. . . . . . . . . .
.

to put mom

improving staff morale rather

this type of work?


continuingthediscusefon,
.
. . . . . . .

Thereseemedtobelittle........
for more flexibility.

........

They have been offered a considerable


. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .

salary in return

12. I have no 18. By


14, As

resigning.

they aren't satisfied. the way.


a
, , , , . . .
. . . . .

It's up

to them to dismiss me if

winning

the Waverley contract!

the adverse publicity, their sales went down.


-ing

of the expressions form of the verb? Look are followed by the again forms. and underHae the The examples through the sentences on this page show again the importance of word partnerships.

ow

many

-ing

60

46 Two-word

expressions

Join one woni on the left with one from the right to make a two-word partnership. Use each word once only. Write your answera in the boxes.

L application 2. assembly 8. balance 4. Cheque 5. consumer 6. feasibility


7. growth
.

a, bid b, bonus e, book d. buyout e. chart


f, control

1 2

3
4 5 _6 T 8 10 H 12
_13 _14

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 18.

mail rnanagement

g. form h. issue i, line

market
pie prodnetivity
quality

j.

potential k. protection L research m, scale

14. salary

15, share 16. takeover

n, sheet o. shot p. study

15 16

Now complete each sentence with one of the expressions. 1. If you produce above 2, Working on this
. .

this amount, you get a


, .. ..

every day is very monotonous.


. .

3. A big multi-national

has made a
. . . . .

for our company.

4. We carried out extensive 5. He's at

before launching the product. so how can he aflord it?


profit

the bottom of the to the


. . . .

6. According

...,

they made a lay


61

last year.

47 What's the job?


In this exercise you will see extracts from job advertisements. You must decide which job is being referred to in each case, Choose the job from the following list. Each job is referred to once only. Be careful because some of the jobs are looking for similar qualities from applicants. accountant executive
clerk personnel officer R&D Manager

advertising
chauffeur

assembly person

computer operator draughtsperson


motor meebanic

receptionist
salesperson

You will be in charge of a team of highly creative individuals


dehvermgnew quality prod.ucts and enhancing our existing range.

responsibilMies arid selection. tammunicatian tkille arid a pragmatic waysach to my niem soimists anential.

EII1n particular for reertrrttnerrt

With mechanical design to work as a member of a Icum producing designe and drawing for producti""Expertence of our product range is not emmmlial,
experience

Duties include filing, malling, recepflon Cind ottier general office work.
relfef

3..............................
Needed for night shift. Clean modern factory.Varied work, Good eyesight essential.

4..-..........-....,.......

Successful applicantwiFIbe arliculateand presentattle. Remunera1ion includes retainer and car allowarice plus commissionstructure.

5..,.......................-... 62

O.........................

Reporting directly to Managing


Director, You will take over financial control for all aspects of daily operation.

licence, able to be on calI 7 days per week at times, Uniform supplied.

Sober habits, clean driving

Must be experienced to the of repair and maintenance heavy duty vehietes, Referer must be provided from pwvious employers.

You are efficient.

clients will meet so you need to be friendly, stylish and

the first person our

9..............................

10... in the

....

.........

....

Some OXperience
obove-ITrentoned

soware Is essenflol but trolningwillbe given to the successfth


apphcool,

rov gli he en essential of an agency =asponaisi,


accounts.
,,,,,,,syy,

meter

for 6P

"""

"

You will

be

go, es, seior.stravice of leeni promotions. national


......,...... ...

and

11.,............,...............

12..

...

did you notice word partnerships e you were reading the advertisements, skille ? communication control and such as financial and how again many more you can find. Look through the advertisements see Complete each of the sentences below with a suitable word partnership
from

taken

the

advertisementa.

L We're looking for new products 2. She's an


, ,
.

to add to our
. . .
.

of this team, We can't do without her. but it ruins your social life 8. You get more money if you work on the
. ,

4. He had a very to solving problems. 5. I didn't get the job as a driver as I didn't have a with 8. My are health and safety but im also concerned welfare of ernployees.
.......

the general

63

i a

48 Special areas
Choose the best alternative
1, Insurance a. llfe

6 Insurance

to complete each sentence.


. .
. . . .

companies can be considered as professional

..

b, rish

c. chance
. . . . . .

d, misfortune

takers. to most

2. Some of the language in insurance ordinary people. b. policies a, premiums


.,

is incomprehensible

c. rates

d, invoices

3. The company will the policy,holder against loss of or damage to the insured vehicle. be respect d. engage a. identify e. indemnify 4. Insurance companies like you to your claim as soon as possible. b. submit d. proceed a. process e, assum
... .. . . . . . . . . .

5. Go to an insurance........

a, bnker
. .
.

b. broker

and see if you can get a better deal. (L merchant c. speculator

6. In these inflationary times it is important to keep the value of your policy closely to the value of your property, b, linked d, dependent a, adapted e. indicated
. . . . .

7. My insurance a. range

company offers a wide b. hranch c. rank


. . . . .

of cover,
, , . ,
. .

d, standard
. .

8. His insurance company had told him not to admit was clearly his fault. b. likelihood a. legality e. liability

even though it

cL crime

9. My endowment policy will b. mature a. ripen


10. II.
. .

when Pm sixty-five. d. bmak es flourish

....

a. Boat The
. . . . .

insurance originated in the fifteenth century. b. Sea d. Marine e. Navy


. . ,

form you fill in is the basis of your contract with the insurance b. application
will be
.

company. a, proposition
12. The insurance

c, enrolment

d, proposal

a. void

b.

valid
.
. .

if you omit any relevant information, d, priceless c. invaluable


, .

13, You're allowed 30 days'. b, favour a, grace


14,

for

the payment of the renewal premium.


o. way
. . , , , , . .

d. permission
acefdental damage.

Make sure all this equipment is insured b. against a, over c. with


64

d. from

49 Expressions

with
'take'

'take'

Complete eneb sentence with the correct form of below. Use each werd once only. can chair
charge consideration 1. You should accidental damage.
. .

and a word from

the list

down further

home off
. . . . . . . . . . .

on out over
risk

seriously steps
up

an additional policy covering you against

2. We had

to

extra staff during


....
. . .

the holiday season.


.

8. When all the transport costs have been fact made a loss. 4. Sales reaHy
. . . . ... . ..
. . . . . .

into

........

we

have in

after

television.
5. A good sales rep can
. . . . . , , , . , ,
. .

the product had been mentioned on


. . -

over 500 a week.

6. Irmy phonerings,couldyou.....,,,
......,.tosee

the,,,.....forme?

7, We must........
result of

that wedentleseourmarketshareasa this increased competition.


. . .

8. If

the boss is ill, who'll to


. . . . .

the

at the meeting?
very
. . .

8. He didn't seem
10,

the threat of redundancy


. .

Don't

this
.

...

Angela. Ym just
. . . . . .

thinking aloud,

I I, In 1988 we were 12. If


13,

by a large multi-national company,


seven days, we shall be obliged

the account is not settled to........thematter....

within

Mrs Jenkins has been appointed

to

of our Canterbury

branch,
14. Ym not sure if there is a market anywhere without........ a 15. They decided not to for other potential purchasers,
. . ........now

for this kind of poduct but you don't get and again,
. , , , , . .

the option, so we had to look around

Notice

expressions using

ence again how important

take' and other

worl partnerships words,

are. UnderHne

all the

65

50 Colourful M

language

them and

who write about business like to use idiomatic expressions any Journalists what make they say more interesting to the reader. to As some of these expressions occur regularly, it is important to understand note

them down.

Complete each of the sentences with one of the words or phrases below. Use each itern once only. carry the can a dawn raid
on the grapevine ride rough-shod ride the storm stamp teething problems
.

fall by the wayside hefty knoek nose-dive 1. They attempt


. .

rubber

undermine wiped off

thorny problem type.cast


woe

to
. . .

2. Despite great success. 3. He then turned to the knew would be unpopular.


.
.

the housewife with special ofTers. in the first few months, the new system has proved to be a
,
. .

of appraisal interviews,

a topic which he

4. If you over your opponents you should not be surprised if they take opportunity every to get their revenge. her position in the 5. She accuses some of the directors of trying to company. 6. They had heard that he was thinking of leaving.
. . .
. . .

....

7. They were left to 8. Luckily we were able


. . .

after
, , , ,

to
.

took a be much worse than anyone had expected. IO. Over 17 million was the value of the company after it was announced that they had made a substantial loss. 11. She's been as a risk-taker but in fact she's usually a very cautions
. . .

9. The pound

the firm collapsed. until things had calmed down. yestenlay when the trade figures turned out to
, , ,
, .

person.

the new policy. in the rush for profits. 13. Inevitably many new products 14. They gained control of the company after that caught the directors and the stock market completely by surprise. 65p to 85p. 15, The bad news caused the shares to
12. The committee did

little more than


. .

........

.......

66

51 Confusing

words

Choose the correct word for each sentence.


1. THask my bank manager for advice/ advise about investment. 2, He Erst spoke brieny/shortly

about the agenda for the day. on the board.


very carefully.

3. She hopes to get a ebairlseat


4. We checkleontrol

each new consignment

5. I enclosed a complementsloompliments 8. Do

slip with the catalogue.

these cars confirmiconform

to the new safety regulations?


documentd worker. policy.

7, You shouldn't read confident/confidential

8. Normally, she's a very conscientious/conscious

9, The unione criticised the government's


10. If you pay

economieleconomical

too much tax you get a discount/rebate, their fee/wages


if

1L Lawyers here only get 12. The income/salary


18.

they win the case.

from

the investment is 52,000 a year. tribunal,

She took her case to an industriallindustrious

14. Unfortunately we have mislaid/misled 15. The secotary made notes/notices

the original invoice.

of what was said at

the meeting.

16. The overtakettakeover

bid from Jenkins came as a complete surprise. list.

17. Please send me your latest catalogue and price/prize 18. We've increased produce/productivity

by 10% in this factory,

the worda you have seen.

Now

see if you can write a new, correct sentence using the inoormet word from each of these sentences. This win help you to remember how to use

67

|
Ik

52 Word formation Remember


word.

sentences.

basic to keep looking for words that are formed from the same WOKB in (O words yggiself, Try and Use lists Make of these the test This will help you to remember them.

Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in capital letters, In some cases you will have to make a negative form by using the prefix

die- or un-.
1. MANAGE

Since the
The
. . . . .

buy-out profits have risen sharply. Director sent a letter to every member of staff,
. .

It makes sense to break the task up into


2. NEGOTIATE The salary is Unfortunately,
,
. . .

.......

steps.

so how much do you think I should ask for? with the union have broken down.
,

8. OCCUPY The block has been since the fire. Dust is an hazard in this factory.
. . . . , , ., . . . . . . . ,

4. OPERATE by tomorrowmorning. The oil rig should be in profit of at least 20 million france next year. We expect an should The scheme be fully by this time next year. unable The switchboard to find the person I wanted. was
. . . . . . . .

.......

5. OPT Although insurance is I want to leave my


. . .

..

we strongly recommend it. open, so I haven't given him my answer yet.


. . .

6.
.

ORIGIN
. .,

intended to close only three of our branches. We idea is said to have frern the Sales Department. The perhaps too much, in fact, Her proposal showed a lot of.
,
. .

7, PREFER We'll obviously give They gave her the loan at a


. . . . . . .

to candidates with previous experience.


......

rate of interest. 68

8. PRODUCE
The new model should be in The finished must leave
, , , ,
. . . .

in thme months. the factory in perfect condition, Ymafraid our talks with the manufacturera have been Any bonus will be paid every 4 months.
. . . , . . . .
. .

9. FROFIT
Any line which proved was immediately discontinued, employed in other departments? Oculdn't some workers he more of the business. Doubts have been expressed as to the
. . . . . . . , , , , , , . , , , , , , , ,
..

10.

RESTRICT
.
. . . . . . .

They have imposed on the sales of certain electronic goods. practices Such trade are not in the public interest. information is I'm afraid access to this
. , , , . .
.

can anybody get from working on an assembly line? outcome. We hope the discussions with our creditors will have a with The customer was the service and complained to the boss.
,
. . .

11. SATISFY What job

SYSTEM You need to have a We need to carry out


,

12.

approach in
, . . . . .

this type of work,


. .

this survey
..... . . .

18.

SUIT of

Tm not sure about the We now have to find a


14. VARY

the site for the new factory.

name for our new chocolate bar.

Our company produces


Remember the intenst They put forward
. . . . .

a great
. . . .

rate is suggestions
, , , , ,

of toysso you could have poblems. but none was acceptable.


,

O 2.= sa,

wor a.......a give preference

....es

ar w.,,are....ws,

for ,

job eatisfaction
you can find in the sentences. 89

Underline other useful partnerships

r
i

53 Special areas International


Choose
.
.

trade

the best alternative to complete the sentence,


.
. . .

1. Many countries, such as the United Kingdom and New Zealand, dependent on international trade, are b. heavily d. grossly a. favourably e. perfectly 2. The fact that labour costs are lower in other countries us at a
. . . . . . . . . .

b, does d. sells a. makes c. puts 3. If a country has a and importers exporters may have to currency, keep changing the pris of their goods, 4. floating b. flying a, swimming e, flowing in certain commodities so that they are not 4. Some countries try to be dependent on imports. b. auf ficient d. self-financing c. self-sufficient a, economic 5. It's better to start exporting on a small and then expand if things go
. . .

tremendous disadvantage,
, , , ,

well,

d.rate h. measurement a. measum e, scale 6. Because of high shpping costs, it made mon sense to a manufacturer to produce our range of furniture. d. handle h. lease as license e, ontrol 7. The government has imposed protective tariffs to stop the of cheap imports which threatened to destroy domestic industries, d. storm b. famine c. flood a. rain 8. Some manufacturers were accused of in other words selling goods abroad at a lower price than they wem sold domestically. d, devaluation b. revaluing c, flooding a. dumping port. 9. Employing more staff has reduced our in time the b. tum-round d. turnover c. turn back a. turning 10. The technical for electrical equipment can vary from country to
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .

country.

a.justification b, rules 11. Many goods coming here are subject


12.
, , , .....

13. 14.
15.

d. uniforms e, specifications duty. customs d. with b, to c. of a. for contains details of the goods, their Among other things, a destination and the name of the ship carrying them, b. way-bill a. bill of lading e. bill ofexchange 4, receipt The person the goods are sent to is caBed a consignee d. master a. consignor e, commissioner She looked at the to ebeek where the goods were produced. 4. trade mark a. Certificate of origin b. test certificate e, postmark Because of the recession, several ships have been laid b, out 4, up a. off c, down
.
. .

70

54 Colour idioms
|

Complete each sentence with the correct coloor.


1,

third time this week.

His supervisor gave him a


.

look when he

turned up late for the

2. I must be on some kind of getting codit.

..

Est because I have a lot of difficulty

8. We're waiting
campaign.

for the

light from head office

to launch our publicity

4. Incal maidents protested when helt area, a


. . . . , , , ,

they heard a factory was going to be built in


it

5. I won't believe we've got

the contract until I see

down in

...

and

6. Among the

goode, washing machines are our best sellera.


. .

7, There were several found that they had been


.
.

faces when these so-called financial experts


. , , , , ,
. -

tricked! tape and speed up the decisiom to say who exactly has
. .

8, We need to cut through all the


making process,
,
. . . . .

9. That's a bit of a ama. It's difficult responaihility for recruitment.


,
-

10. The company found itself several thousand pounde in the spending so much on improving its production line. 11. We lose millions in economy.
12. They'm looking

after

tax
. .

revenue

every year because of the

for a
, , , ,

knight to help them fight the takeover bid,

18, Then, out of the she offemd me a job managing her new restaurant. You can imagine my surprise.
, , , ,

14. We have

to roll out the


. . . . ,

...

.,

carpet for him as he's one of our best

customers,
15. The dramatically
, , .

revolution has meant in the past few years.

that food exports have increased


money

15. The Government intends

spots.

to allocate more
71

to unemployment

55 Adjective

and preposition

'

Combine an adjective from the list on the left with a preposition from the list on the right to complete each seatence. You must use each adjective once only, but each preposition can be used more than once.
acceptable

acenstomed available aware


L I'm sum

capable consfatent contrary dependent


world.

eligible envious
familiar popular
.
. . . . . . . . .......

proud relevant responsible well-known our products as

for of on to with

they must be

they're used all


a discount.

over the

2. If you pay within seven days you 8. I wi be......


4.
,,......interview
. .

will

be

.....

....

at any
. . , , , , , , . . . .

time.
, , , ,

The other salespeople were an were pleased when she left.


..... .
.

her success and sa

they

5.

....

expectations, our sales figures went down last month.


...... . . . . . .....

6. Our new range of toya has proved very have watched the television programme. 7. Any decisions made must be marketing strategy, engneer is 8, The maintenance least once a week. 9. Em not........ exporting to those countries,
........any , , . .... . .

children who

......

tbe company's overaH


I
,

checking every machine at

regulations

thatshould preventusfrorn
. . . . .

10. We need somebody who is 11. That's an interesting discussion. 12. It

understanding
,
. . . . . . . .

German.
.
.

point but it isn't really

our

took me some time to become to be


. . . .

using
.,......them,

the new system.

13. They will only sign ifthe 14. It's risky


. . .

termaarefully........
. . . . .

only one supplier.

15. He was so

his firm's achievements that he talked about


, , , , , ,

them to everyone he met.


. . . . . . . , , ,

16. This company is

the high quality of its products.

72

56 Word partnerships

Match each verb on the left with a noun on the right to form common partnerships, Use each word once only. Write your answers in the boxes

Set 1
1, attend 2. consult 3, estabneh 4. issue a. b.

a compromise a conference
|_3

i 2
4

e, an error d, funds e, instructione f. a lawyer g. priorities h. the staff canteen

5, reach 8, rectify 7. subsidise 8. transfe.r

5 6 7

Set 2
Now do the same with 1. Hocate

these wonia,
a. b,

2. break
3. clinch

a deal a demand
_4

4, corner 5. meet 6. pay


1. raise 8. update

e, duty d, figures e, the market


f. h. new ground

1 2 3 5 6 _7

g, standards

tasks

Now complete each sentence us.ing a suitable expression from above.


1, They 2. I had
. . .

.....

so the food's not too expensive,


, , , ,
. .

to

on

those items when I came through customa. to take you to court


, , , .

8. If they're threatening
4. How easy is it

you

d better

to

to a bank in another country?


73

57 Special areas

8 Personnel

Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence,


L The personnel department a job analysis, which is a detailed study of the elements and characteristics of each job. b. carries out d. goes through a. carries on c. goes on
. . . . . . . .

2.

They write a job description specifying the b, objectives a, objects c. resulta


. .

of the job, d. characters

3. You should encourage employees b. to tell a. for speaking


4.

openly about any problema. d. to speak. e, to say


. . . , , .
. . . . . . .

The Erst step in the discipHnary procedure is an h. oral a. aural c. open


. . . . .
. .

reprimand.

d. overt

5. She doesn't seem to b. get en a. come on 6. By organising job


. . . . . . . .

very well with the e. get by

other secretaries. d. get though

departments. a. revolution
7. After
, , , . .
. . .

you can give staff experience in many different e. eirculation

b. recycHug
our b. valuing

4, rotation d. validating

a, evaluating square a. bar


. . .
. . . .

training programme, we made some changes.


e. vindicating
round

8. Our selection procedure


.nto

is based on

b. stick

hole."

the aId saying; "You can't fit a


c. wood
. . . . . . . .

d. peg
examination. d. medicinal

9. Before you get a. medicine

the job you have to have a


b. mechanical
.... . . . .

e, medical

10. Training new staff is b, priceless a. costly 11. We can't use a. sexual
12.
...... ..

so you must pick c. valuable


'postman'

the right person.

d. cost-effective

h. sexy
-

titles such as
.. . , ,

e. sexist

and Tireman'. d. sexism

We have a policy of our own employees first for any vacancies. b, considering d. telling a. thinking e, asking
. , , . . . . .

13. As part of the process, Personnel check each applicant's qualifications before considering them for interview. b. warning d, forecasting a. monitoring c, screening
14.

Tests are used to measure the applicant's for the job. b- success d. aptitude a. attitude e, discrimination
. . . . .
. . .

74-

15, The personnel department helps each new eroployee. b. orienteering a, orientation

to organise an

programme

for

e, inducement
, . . . . ,

16. If we have to dismiss an employee this means the failed in some way, b, chosen e, selection a, selective 17. Highly-skilled jobs are usually advertised in the
.

4. endurance pocess has


, ,

d. choice
. . . , , , ,

media,

such as

b. speciality a. special 18, Using a standardised application


need.

technical magazinee.

d. specialisation form ensures we get aH the we c, speelalist


. . . .

d, disemtion 20. Some of the employees wem not happy about the introduction of a yearly
h, harmony

a. particulars 19. One important work place, a. discrepancy


. .

CLexperience c. peculiarities in the aspect of welfare is ensuring that there is no h. specialities


. , , ,
.

e, discrimination

interview. d. appropriation b, appraisal e, appreciation a. approval 21. Her work was beginning to suffer because of family d, commitments b. commissione c. competition a, committees with a job they find 22. After a time employees may feel they are
. . . . .
.

tedious,
a, glued
. . . , ,

28.

24.

25, 26.

4. attached b. stuck c. fastened unfortunately has he His work is generally satisfactory but against his supervisor, a d. grudge b, dissatisfaction e. disagreement a. hatred me? Tm not the only one *Why does the personnel manager always who comes late!" 4, pick out b. pick on c. pick with a. pick up we sometimes make loans to employees, In cases of d. hard sell. cash hard b. hardship c. hard labour a, unorthodox may In R & D. for example, employing someone
, , ,
. . . .

..

produce stimulating
. .

a, slightly 27. A complete moment they am appointed. 4. diary L. paper c, dossier a, document is essential so that staff know that their efforts are 28. Positive
. . . . , ,
.

ideas. d, hardly b. scarcely c, lightly staff from the ia kept on every senior meniber of

appreciated,
a. feedback

b, discrimination c, commentary
75

d, notification

58 Expressions

with

'in'

emember to keep looking for examples of words which cambine together to form common expressions. There are several expressions in EngHab using povositions, If yon look up one of these expressions in a dictionary you will sometimes find it under the pposition. Of'ten, however, you have to look under the noun. Hem are some expressions with
'in'.

doing the exercise.


in accordance

Make sure you understand

them before

with

in advance in arrears in circulation

in debt in due course in error in a position

in the process of in round figures in stock

to

in transit

Put the correct expssion from each expression once only. 1. We regret that
we

the above list into the f'ollowing sentences. Use


extend you any more credit.
your instructions.

are not
. . , ,

...,

2. We have sold your car 3. The government


4.

wants to reduce
.

the amount of money

He is heavily did.
. .. . . .

because he stin hasn't been paid for the last job he


-

5.

it was 8,000

the exact figure was 7,985.


.

6. You'll receive half been completed.

the payment
.. .
.

and the st

when

the work has

7. We have over 500 carpets

in our warehouse.

8. The goods were sent........ may have caused.


9, You should receive 10. They are 11. They
. . . . . . . .

We apologise for any inconvenience


. . . . .

this

the information
installing

so please try and be patient,

order might be delayed.

a new computer-controlled system, so your


he was 14 monthe
. . . . . .

tookhim to court because


.
.

...

with

the rent.

12. The goods were damaged

from 70

the factory to the warehouse.

59 Advertising

Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence, Look up any words you don't know.
1. With effective advertising a company can become a b.household c, housewife's a. house 2. We need an effective campaign b. set ont a, fire
. . . . . ,

name. d. home
,
.

to
, ,

our new product range. d, launch off set e,


, , , ,

3. During the commercial


women's magazine,

there was an advertisement for a new


c. pause

a, break

b, breakage
. . . . . ,

d. interval d, reach
4. appeal
in

4. The first thing an ad must do is

a, trap

b, catch

e, find
.

the reader's eye.


. . . ... .

6. We need a name for the product which will b, attract e, succeed a. draw 6. They decided homes. a. shot

to teenagera.

to do a mail
b. shoot

to get

people interested

their holiday

c. trial
.
. . .

d. list

7. All advertisers must obey the industry's a. practice code b, code of practice e, practical code 8. Advertising on a, peak

d. code word
. , , ,

television is
b, high

very expensive

during e, audience

viewing

hours,

4. big
would appeal

9. We did a lot of reseamh

the

audience,
.

to ensure that the advertisement


c. goal
. . . . ,

to

a. aim

b, arrival
.

d. target
d. came

10. Newspaper advertising b. counted a. accounted


.

for 45% of the totaL


c. comprised
. . , , , , , .

11. Advertisers look at each newspaper's where to place their advertisements, b. population a, circular 12. As part of our service we provide b, point-of-sale a. selling point
. . .
.

figures befom deciding

c, circulation
. . . .

d, revenue 4. salemmanship

display materiaL

c. appointed
. . . . . .
. .

13. If you advertise at airports, you have a

a. emptumd

b, slave

audience. d. captive captivated e,


.

14. She does

the art work while I write the


b. copies 77

a, copy

for each advertisement. d, media copyright e,


. . . . . . ,

60 Letters 6 Exhibition information


-

exhibition. Fill in each blank by usng a word or phrase each item once only, emphasis enter field
speakers

Below you will see an extract from a letter giving information about a business from the Kat below. Use

enelosed may
great pleasure look forward up to date

company details
comprehensive range ideal opportunity new feature

complimentary

tickets

conveniently situated in-depth dieensaion series of lectures

We have 1.,

in snelosing

two 2.

for

this year's Business

Beene Exhibition. As your business grows it is import.ant to keep 8. developments. With over 400 exh.ibitors this year bigger and ehter than ever.This is the 4. the latest products, servlees and publications.
, , , , , , . , . . . . . , ,
.

with the latest


is
, ,
. . . .

the to see a 5.

Exhibition
. .

Of

A 6.

of the Exhibition

this year is a 7,
.
.

On

international

around the world trade and investment. Distinguished 5. will give their views on the changes taking place. Speela19.. will be given to the ever-increasing role of the new teelmologies especially in of international communications. the 10.,
, , , , . ,

from

At the end of each lecture the 18eues ralsed. As you will see from

there w1]l be opportunities

for 11..

of

venue 13,

the Rahibition takes place at a the 12,. only a few minutes' walk from the station.
. -

The Thrhibition

is
. . . .

open from 10 a.m to 6 p.m. on lat, Snd and 3rd May.


.
. .

your names and 15.. and bring your tickets to the business show
. . , .

Simply 14..

on the badges provided

of the yearl

We 16,

to seeing you there.


78

61 Word partnerships

6
'of',

a you use English in business you meet several expressions using example: exchange of contracts brand of soap

for

Can you think of any mare?


In this exercise you utust complete the expression on the left by veing one of the words on e right. Use each word once only. Write your answer in the space provided. 1, breach
2.

of.....,,,... of
. , , , , , , . . . .

absence
charges

code

3. flag 4. Leave 5, loss 6. margin 7, period

of
of

contract convenience
earnings
.

of
of

embarkation
eror

of of

8. port 9. rate
10. scale
11.show

hands living

of.,-,.......
of
. . , , , . . . . ,
.

notice

of...........
of
. . . .

practice
, , , ,
.

12. standard

return

Now complete the following by using an expression from above, 1. She looked for an investment 2. The shipaails undera,,..... 8. They sued him for
, , , , ..
. .

with a better

tosave money,
as

the work
.

was not completed


. . . . . . . .

on time.

4. The rneeting approved

the motion by a

5. In eory, public mlations officers follow a seriet.. 79

62 Social English
Match

sentence once only. are you in?

the sentence on the left with a suitable response on the right. Use each
a, b.
c.

1, And what line of work

No. This is my first visit,


in fact, At this time of day? Not very good, Ym afraid. Smart move!

2. Fm afraid I haven't bought the letter. 3. Best of luck on Friday.


4,

Shall I get you a taxi?

d.
e. f.

We've enjoyed having you.


Thanks! WeT need it!

5. How was the conference? 6. What are

finding him at home?

the chances of

Shall we say about eleven thirty, then?


I might have. 11 look in my diary. Public relations, Never mind. You can give it to me tomorow. No, its all right, thanks. The walk will do me good. Not too bad. I made some useful contacts. They've had quite a good osponse so far.

7. Do you know Chicago at all, Wendy? 8. Tve decided to look

g.
h. i.

around for a better job.

9. Thursday morning would suit me fine. 10. You haven't got bia phone

number by any chance?


11. How's their recruitment drive going?
12.

j.
k. L

It's been very kind of you to put me up.

Write your answers here:

123456789101112

Can you think of any more msponses you could give to the sentences on the left? 80

63 Special

areas

9 The law

Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.


L The company took out an publishing the story. b. injunction a, incentive
.

to prevent

the newspaper from

2. 3.

4.

5.

8, 7.

8.

b, responsibil.ity d, status e, claim c, action 9. As this is the first case of its kind it realy depends on how the court......,,thelaw, b, translates d. performa e, explains a, interprets 10, They proved that the accident was the sult of his negligent responsibility b, negligence d, competence a. c. 11, They paid 1 millon in because of those faulty componente. damage b, d. etton compensation a. c. harm Ivgistered 12, We can't use that name becanae ita a b. patent d. copyright a. tmdemark c. logo should before 18. I think we signing any agreement. our lawyers d. consult h, contract c. consign a. confirm 14. The new law will strengthen against unfair dismissal. safegaanis h. prevention d. avoidance c. grants a. 15. Litigation is on the as consumera become more conscious of their
. . . . ........ . ....... . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .

d. induction c. inducement Every business must operate within the legal of the country. b, standani d, requirement c. framework a, pattern They have changed the wording on the packing to the new regulations. d. take up b, come to e, call up a, comply with An employer is not allowed to discriminate en employee because of race or colour. b. between d. against c, with a. for You realise that you will be For any debts incurred if you sign this agreement? b. apt 4. bound c. Tiable a. likely If you fail to deliver on time you wlll te in of contract. d. hreach b. failum e. fault a. boak The company threatened to the newspaper for libel unless an immediate apology was published, b, sue d. Blander e. subject a. court Until you can prove you have a legal to the property, we are not popared to de business with you,
, , , , . . . .
. .

..

..

rights,

a, surge

b, escalation

c. development
81

d. rise

64 Choose the adverb


From the following list choose a suitable adverb each adverb once only,

to complete each sentence. Use


unpredictably

absolutely adversely consistently convincingly

firmly
formally highly initially

instantaneously
irretrievably readily

whoHy

systematically
. . . . . . . .

1. The change-over must be carried out 2. Spare parts are 8. They are a 4. They have
why
. ,
. . . .

one step at a

time.

available so there should be no problem.

owned subsidiary of Martin Industries.


out-performed

their competitors and


,

we

see no reason

this should change, to


.

5. Moves are under way

wind

up

the company.
was for midday?

6. Are you
7. I
. . .
.

oertain the appointment

believe

that this range will be a winner, that their shares are


.

8. Their latest figures demonstrate........ big risel Buy now!

ready

for a

9. l'mafraidtalkswith
10. We've

theunionshavebroken down.......,
.

successful,

decided to concentrate

try

to get into other


.

markets.
.

on

the South Pacific and then, if

11. News of the loss could

afTect the share price,

12. Electronic mail systems allow you


18.

to reply
. . .
. . .

to messages.
speech.

The managing director made a

entertaining

14. The markets

tend to act.

in times of crisis.
partnerships

Now

look for and underline important adverbs.

the word

containing

these

82

65 Letters Booking

7 a hotel room

Below you will see parts of two letters concerned with booking hotel roome for a company. Put the correct word or phrase in each blank. Choose from the following list, Use each item once only. rates available meet reasonable suitable pleasure brochure require training sessione full board provide requirements urge quotation hesitate single without delay

A.
We intend to hold 1, for our sales representatives looking May next year and are for a hotel which provides 2, facilities.
.
. . . .

at the end of

Our 3.

are as followr,: I room for lectures capable of seating approximately 80 people 6 amaller rooms for seminars capable of seating 10-12 people
. . . . .

60-60 4.

rooms with bath


,
. . . . .

If you can 5, bosse facilities, for 6 nights 7, your 6, and finishing with lunch on Friday.
. . . .
. .

we would be pleased starting with dinner


,

to receive on Tuesday

We look forward

to

hearing

from you.

B.
Thank you for your letter conference facilities,
. . . .

of Oth September,
-

inquiring

about our

and price list our 8, As you will see, we should be able to 9, what we conalder to be very 10. At the moment our rooms arW still IL
, , , , , . . , , . . . .
. . .

I have enclosed

your

requirements at

for

would 12.popular time of


, , , , .

you to make your reservation the year with many companies.


,
.

the end of May, but I 13., as thla is a


. . . .

If you 14..

any further

information,

please

do not 15..

to

contact me. I hope that we shall have the 16..

of welcoming you to our hotal.

88

66 Increasing
what

efficiency
be made
yours.

more ways can an exercise see can write down in English at least 5 In text, see if any ponts are the same as
if you

organisation

efBeient? Before you do this ways. As you read the


you

Remember that predicting what somebody is going to practise and build your vocabulary.

to say or write can help

Fill each blank with the correct word partnership partnership once only.
put off unpleasant tasks delegate routine taske

from

the list below. Use each


separate folders set priorities pick out

time-consuming way

unnecessary

paperwerk

lose concentration set a time limit members of staff

have a meeting

skip over

Here are ten key ways to improve efficiency: Avoid L.


necessary?
.

Be ruthless.

Are all those statistics and memos mally


. . .

Essential 3,
. . . . .

paperwork should be organised into 2..... can find what you want quckly.
. . .

so

that you and other


and deal with

4,

Decide which of your tasks are the most important


. . . . . .

them first.
Never 5.
. .
.

keep thinking about

It is best to deal with them as soon as possible or you will them and 6..
. . .. . . . .

Know when to stop. If you are too much of a perfectionist, you win concentrate on one task and not leave enough time to do the others. Don't try to do everything yourself. Make sure, however, that the 7. subordinate is competent enough to carry out the task.
. . . . . . . . .

Cut meetings to a minimum. Ask yourself if a meeting is essential er if the issues could be dealt with in a less 8.
. . . . .
. .

If you must 9.... waste people's time.


. .

restrict it

to those whose presence is essential. Don't


. . . . . . ,

and stiek to it. This should At the beginning of a meeting 10.. concentrate everbody's mind and avoid unnecessary anecdotes etc.
Learn 12.,
, ,

the non-easential text and the art of speed-reading. 11.. f'acta the message, the important
. , , . . . . ,
. . . .

84

67 Special areas Management


. . . . . . .

10

Chaosethe best alternative to complete each sentence.


especially when things get difficult, 1. You must keep staff motivated d. electrified generated b. c. fivstrated a,
,

2. Weigh up the of each alternative before deelding. d. profits a. checks and balances b. assets e, pros and cons
, , , , , , , ,

3. A good manager must be able to handle b. impass.ive c. a, mensible


.

situations,

touching

d, touchy
d. fla up

4. He decided to let

things

a. freeze
. .

b. ice over

so he dropped

the subject until later.

c, cool down

5, She

...

coating

a. set about
8. We need
7.

a better atmosphere amongst the staff, d, set down b, set off c. set out
. .

a, container

to have

arrangements in case things don't wor.k out, d. consecutive b. contingency c, consolidated


, , . . . . . . . . . , ,

In a meeting you must stop people talking at b. angry c, eroes a, opposite

purposes, d. opposing
. . . . .

8. Why doesn't he stick to the point? He's always going off b, at a tangent c. hy the way a. at an angle

4, on the side
d, opposite

9. It's always difficult when a team is working b. at e, to a. in


10, Try to ensure a, workload stress........ a. grades

a deadline,

d, working party e, work-to-rule 11, Those who can't manage their time efficiently always have high b. working practice
,

that each employee's

is not

too great,

b. etandards
. . . . . . . .

12. The mom osponsibilities she b. took on a. took off

d, levels e, performances the more mistakes she made, d. took out c, took down
. ,
.

13. I hope the project continues to run ao as it has so far, confidently smoothly d. wisely calmly b, o. a,
, ,
. . .

14. After

many unforeseen

obstacles they just managed


c. overwhelraing
, , , , ,

to meet their

deadline.
a. overtaking

h. overcoming
..,

d. overriding

15. What can we do to impove b. mortality a, morale As usual, look for and underline

in

this department? c. moral

d, temperament

useful word partnerships. 85

Answers
1.draft 2.answer the phone, attend 1 a confennee, cash a cheque, join a team, program a computer 3.competitors, competition, competitive, competitively 4.drew, led, rose, spread 5.appoximately, Company, kilogram(me), FREE ON

BOARD

(sometimeswritten f.o.b.), Post OfEce Box 6.gone, gear, food, height

2 1.compaign, classified ad., commercial, poster 2.check in, reservation, room service, weekend rate 3.apply for, interview, overtime, training, 4.agenda, A.G.M., chairperson, minutes 5.exchange rate, owe, profit, refund 6.fax, filing cabinet, stapler, telex 3 1.calendar 2.filing cabinet 3.umbrella 4.VDU 5.printer 65iles 7,pbone 8.keyboard 9.diary 10.passport 11.vase 12.rubber (eraser) 13.pen 14.penefl 15.map 16.cheque book 4 1.Dear 2.advertisement 3.current issue 4.latest catalogue 5.price list 6.forward 7.faithfully 8.reference 9.information 10.particularly 11.model 12.still available 13.advise 14.payment 15.discount 16.price range

5 Set 1 Le S.d 3.c 4.a 5.g 6.f 7,b S.h set 2 1.h 2.a 3.d 4.e 5.f 6.b 7.g 8.c 1.offer a discount 2.export goods 3.pay tax 4.arrange a meeting
forward 7,thought down 4.dealt with 5.read ofT3.found out 3,kept bach 6.put up 10.broke down 11.sold over 8.got throughlon 9.built out 12.shut down IB.went on 14.rang backlup 15.took off 16.heard from

1.cut

...

...

...

...

...

1.c 2.d 3.j 4.i 5.b 6.k 7.18.h 9.a 10,f 11.g 12.e 1.industrial

flight 3.settled their accounts 4.lanneh a new product 5,out to dinner

espionage 2.book a

8 I.advertising 2.affect 3.lend 4.postpone 5.inspected 6.delayed 7.eoooomics 8.interested 9.job 10.journey 11.living 12.measurements 13.rise 14.receipt 15.remind 16.tell 17.sensitive 18.stationery

9 1.withdraw 2.cash dispenser 3.issued 4.debited 5.emdt rating 6,financial institutions 7.commission 8.statement 9.in ful110.interest 1Loutstanding 12.standing order 13.eredit transfer 14.slip 15.salaries 16.banker's draft (also called a hank draft)
10 1.e 2.i 3.a 4.j 5,16.b 7.k 8,e 9.h 10.d 11.g 12,f 11 1.enquiry 2.pleasure 3.further details 4.besitate $.sincerely S.full details 7.supply S.enquiring 9.in production 10.enclosed leaflet 11.additional featuree I2.competitive price 13.range 14.In addition 15.date 16.doing business

86

12 1.h 2.f 3.m 4.d 5.k 6,c 7.n 8.i 9.1 10.b 11. 12.g 13.e 14,o 15.j 1.woni pocessor 2.omoe block 3.exchange rate 4.job satisfaction 1.laser printer 2,answer phone 8,burglar alann 4.cordless phone 5,fax machine S.computer 7.diary B.office chair 9-partitioning 10.photocopier 11.aignmaking kit 12.alack 13.briefease 14.pocket calculator 15,pen 16.table lamp
13

14 1,unacceptable, acceptance 2.action, active, activity 3.additions, additional 4.analysis, analysts 5.applicant, application, applicable 6,assistance, assistant 7.attractions, attractive 8,commercial, commercially, commercialised/ized, commercials 9.connecting, connection, connectiona 10,contractor, contractua.lly 11.directions, directors, directory, dioctly, directive 12.indecisive, decision 13.diffemuce, difTerent, differ 14.distributor, distribution 15.economisefize,

economists
15 Lpartial Rapproximate 3,internal 43ew 5-light 6.short 7.compulsory 8,fulltime 9,negative 10.private 11,complex 12.marked 13.basic 14.permanent 16 Set 1 La 2.h 3.b 4.e 5.g 6,f 7.d 8.c Set 2 1.a 2.h 3.e 4,8 5.h 6.c 7.f 8.g 1.introductory offer 2.annual conference B.early retirement 4.skilled workera
17

Le 2.e 3.g 4.j 5.d 6,k 7. 8.b 9.1 10,m 1Li 12,h 13-8 14.f

18 Leurrent issue 2.postage 3,quotation 4.range 5.terms 6,f<:dlowing 7.nate 8.reserve the right 9.accept delivery 10.acknowledge 11.line 12-regret 18.msume 14,inconvenience 15.supply 16,atock 19 Leompatible, data, program, software 2.closed shop, mediate, picket, atrike 3.actuary, claim, policybelder, premium 4.dumping, embargo, export, tariff 5,bears, shams, speculate, stock exchange 8.judge, legal, sne, trial 20 Isaccurate 2,retrieve 3,supplies (.componente 5.transactions 6.records 7.input 8.keyboard 9.floppy 10.modem 1Llinked 12.eutput 13.sereen 14.ptinter 15.single 18.continuou.s 21 1.make 2.de 3,make 4.make 5.do S.doing 7.made 8.make 9.doing 10-made 1Ldo 12,make 13.make 14,make 15.do 18.done 17.made 18.done 22 Lj ik 3.k 4.a 5.h 6.17.c S-g 9.e 10.f 1LI 12.4
28

delay B.mply B.refund 10,ebliged

delivery 4.passed 5.deducted 6.matter 7.further 13.dealing 1Lregret the delay 12.despatching 16.deter 14.mislaid 15,apologiee for
Luet 2.issue 3.promised

24 Lb 2.b 3. 4,e 5.d 8. 7.b 8,a 9.c 10.c ILa 12,e 13.b 14.c 15.c 16,b 25 Leold 2.taken over 8,made 4.said 5.overcome 6,built 7,won 8,epent 9.sent 14.lost 15.set up 18.stolen 10.told 1Lknown 12,held 13.underwritten

87

26 1.Board 2.Managing 3.Accountant 4.Administration 5.Manager 6.Personnel 7.Head 8.Salaries 9.Stoch 10,Mail 11,Processing 12.Market 13.Advertiaing 14.Control 15.Recruitment 16.Innovation 27 A 1.pointer 2.overhead projector 3,slide projector 4.handent 5.felt tip pen 6.sereen 7.pie chart 8.graph 9.bar chart 10.podium 11.notes 12.microphone 18.curtain 14.flip chart B 1.May I begin 2.at such short notice 3.As you know 4,purpose 5.up to date 6.First of all 7.Next 8.Finally S.priorities 10.draw your attention 11.As far as 12.as a whole 13.On the contrary 14.On the other hand 151n other words 16.to sum up 28 Set 1 1.e 2,b 3.g 4.e 5.h 6.d 7.f 8.a Set 2 1,e 2.b 3.f 4.h 5.g 6.a 7.c 8.d 1.reduce costs 2.arrange a demonstration 3.settle disputes 4.build a factory
29

Leonveniently 2.satisfactorily 3.widely 4.fully 5.financially 6.specially ?.eventually 8,absolutely 9.strictly 10.considerably 11.correctly 12.temporarily 13.virtuaIly 14-tacLfully 15,favourably 16.actively

30 1.h 2.c 3.a 4.d 5.8 6.e 7.a S.h 9.a 10.6 11.c 12.a 13.d 14.c 15.c SI Leomplimentary copy 2.recent publications 3.highly popular 4.extensively trialled 5.favourable response 6.suitable 7,recommend 8.experience 9.needs 10.featured 11,terms of payment 12.forther information 13.representatives 14.specially selected 15-value 16,confident 17.colleagues IB.subscriptica form 19.convenenee 20.eligible 32 Set 1 Lg 2.e 3.6 455.e 6.a 7.4 8,h Set 2 I.b 2.a 3.e 4.g 5.h 6.4 7 f 8.c Lmouth-watering recipes 2.highly-trained staff 3.perfect fit 4.atress-fme 33 Lrejected 2.demolishing 3.attacked 4,withdraw 5.accept 6,succeed 7.imposed 8,gained 9,lost 10,keep 11.lower 12.increase 13.complicate 14,strengthen 15.expanded 16,agreed 34 Lunemployment, employee, employer, employment 2.engaged, engagements 3.expensive, expenses, expenditure, expense 4.explanatory, explanation 5.extended, extension, extensively, extent 6.financial, financially 7.growing, growth S.impression, impressive, unimpressed 9.industrial, industrialist, industrialised/ired 10.inflated, inflation, inflationary 1Linformation, informative, misinformed 12.instructions, instruction 13.introductory, investors introduction 14.investment, 15,knowledge, unknown, knowledgeable 16.illegal, legality 85 Lpurchase (buy) 2.perceive (see) 3,elapsed (passed) 4.facilitate (make easier) 5.require (need) 6.terminate (end) 7.anticipate (expect) 8.undertaken (promised,agreed) 9.comprehend (understand) 36 Lb 2.d 3.a4-b 5.b 6.a 7.d 8,a 9.e 10.d ILe 12.d 13.a 14.a

driving

88

87

Ld 2.g 3,k 4.j 5.1 6,a 7,i 8,b 9,e 10.h I Lc 12.f

38 A 1,kitchen stafT 2,cutgoing 3.hard work 4,suit 5,contact 8.required 7.busy ofEice 8,preference 9.willing 10.initiative 1Lelear 12.thorough training 13.potential customers 14.successful candidate l.experience 16.skille 17.ability 18.team 19,attractive 20,pension scheme B Lto 2-in 3.position (.further .form 6,for 7,enclose 8,86 9.andio 10,with 11.enquiries 12.take 13.opportunity 14.available l.consider 16.favourably

39 1.ran out 2.carried out 3.set up 4.stood in 5-came out 6.stopped over/olf 7.drew up 8.brought... forward 9.lied on 10.gave in 11.Leftout 12.laid off 13.stuck to 14.paid back
40 1.a 2.b 3.b 4.c 5,b 6,a 7,b 8,b 9,b 10.d 11.a 12.d 13.b 14. 15,e 41 1.confident 2.relevant 3,efficient 4.insolvent 5,permanent 7,redundant 8.convenie.nt 9,constant 10,current 1Ldominant 13.extravagant 14.reluctant 15,dependent

6.significant
12.consistent

42 Set 1 1.h 2.f 3.b 4.d 5.e 6,g 7,e 8,a Set 2 1.h 2,a 3.b 4-f 5.e 6. 7.4 8-e 1.alternative arrangements 2,multi-national company 3.potential customer 4.elose attention 43 La 2.c 3.d 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.a 8.c 9.c 10.a 1Le 12,b 13.c 14.c 15.d 44 1 date stamp 2.guillotine 3.note pad 4.paper clips 5.pencil sharpener 6.punch 7,ruler 8.seales 9.scissors 10.etamps 1Latapler 12.staples 13.string 14.tray 15,wastepaper hin 16.calculator 45 Ladmiration for 2.effect on 3.access to 4.confidence in 5.solution to 6.interest in 7,chance of 8.emphasia on 9.experience of 10.point in 11.increase in 12,intention of 13.congratulations on 14.result of 4 Lg 2.i 3.n 4.c 5.k 8.p 7.j 8.o 9,d 10.111.e 12.b 18,f 14.m 15.h 16.a Lproductivity bonus 2.assembly line 3.takeover bid 4.market ocearch acale 6.balance aheet 5.salary

4.clerk 5.aesembly 47 LR&D Manager 2.pemonnel ofHoer 3.dmughtsperson 10.receptionst mechanic 7.accountant 8.chauffeur 6.salesperson 9,motor person 1Leomputer operator 12-advertising executive 1.existing range 2.easential member 3,nightshift 4,pragmatic approach 5-clean driving Reente 6-particular responsibilities 48 lb 2,b 3,c 4,b 5.6 6.b 7,a 8,c 9,b 10.d II,d 12.8 13, 14,b
49 1.take out 2.take on 3-taken considention 4.took off 5-take home 6.take call 7,take steps 8,take chair 9,take seriously 10-take down 1Ltaken over
.., ...

,,,

,,.

..,

12.take

...

further 13-take charge 14.taking

...

risk 15.take up

89

ni

50 1.woo 2.teething problems 3,thorny poblem 4.ride rough-shed 5.undermine 6.on the grapevine 7.carry the can 8.ride the storm 9.befty knock 10.wiped off 11.type-cast 12,rubber-stamp 13 fall by the wayaide 14.a dawn raid 15.nase-dive 51 1.advice 2.hriefly 3.seat 4.check 5.complimente 6.conform 7.confidential 8,conselentious 9.economic 10.rebate 11.fee I2.income 18.industrial 14.mialaid 15.nates 16.takeover 17.price 18.productivity

52 1.management, Managing, manageable 2.negotiable, negotiations 3.unoccupied, occupational 4.operation, operating, operational, operator 5.optional, options 6.originally, originated, originality 7.pference, preferential S.production, product. unproductive, productivity S.unprofitable, profitably, profitability 10.restrictions, restrictive, restricted 11.satisfaction, satisfactory, dissatisfied 12.systematic, systematically 13.suitability, suitable 14.variety,
variable,

various

53 1,b 2.c 3.d 4.c 5,e 6.a 7.e S.a 9.b 10.c 11.h 12.a 18.h 14,a 15.d

white 6.white 7.red 8.red 9.grey 64 1.black 2.black 3.gmen 4.green 5,black 10,red 11.black 12.white 18.blue 14,red 15,green 16-black
,,,

56 1.familiar with 2.eligible for 3.available for 4.envious of 5.Contrary to 6,popular with 7.consistent with 8.responsible for 9.aware of 10.capable of 11,relevant to 12.accustomed to 13.acceptable to 14.dependent on 15.proud of 16,weR-known for 56 Set I 1.b 2.f 3.g 4.e 5.a 6.c 7.h 8.d Set 2 1.h 2.f 3,a 4.e 5.b 6.c 7,g 8.d I.aubsidise the staff canteen 2.pay duty 3.consult a lawyer 4.transfer funds 57 1.b 2.b 3.d 4,b 5,b 6,d 7.a 8.d 9.e 10.a 11.e 12.b 13.c 14.d 15,a 16.c 17.e 18.a 19.c 20.b 21.d 22.b 23.d 24-.b 25.b 26.a 27.e 28.a 58 1 in a postion to 2.in accordance with 8.in circulation 4.in debt 5.In round figures 6,in advance 7.in stock 8.in error 9.in due course 10.in the process of 11.in arrears 12.in transt 59 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.d 6.a 7.b 8.a 9.d 10.a 11.e 12.b 13.d 14.6
.5.comprehensive

60 1.great pleasure 2.complimentary tickets 3,up to date 4.ideal opportunity range 6.new feature 7.series of lectures 8.speakers 9.emphasis 10.field 11.in-depth discussion 12.enclosed map 13.conveniently situated 14.enter 15.company details 16.look forward 6.error 7,notice 9,return 10.charges 11.hands 12.living 1,rate of return 2.flag of 3.breach of contract 4.show of hands 5.code of practice
.5.earninga

01 1,contract 2.practice 3.convenience 4,absence


8.embarkation
convenience

62 1.h 2.] 3.e 4.j 5.k 6.h 7.a 8.e 9.f 10.g 11.112.d OS 1.h 2.c 3.a 4.d 5.e 6.d 7.b 8,a 9.8 10.e 11.b 12.a 13.d 14.a 15.4
90

84 1,systematice11y 2.readily 3.wholly 4.consistently 5.formally 6-absolutely 7,Iirmly S.convincingly S.irotrievably 10-initially 11.adversely 1.2.netantaneously 13.highly 14.unpdictably
85 Ltraining sessione 2.auitable 3.requirements 4.wingle 5.povide 6.guntation 7.full board 8.brochum 9.meet 10.reasonable rates 11.available 12.urge 13,without delay 14.mquim 15.hesitate 16.pleasure 06 1.unnecessary paperwork 2.separate folders 3.members of staff 4.Set off unpleasant tasks S.Loseconcentration 7.Delegate mutine priorities taske 8.time-consuming way 9.have a meeting 10.set a time limit 11,Skip over
-5.put

12.pick

out

47 1.b 2.e 3.d 4.c 5.a 6.0 7.c 8-b 9.c 10.a 11.d 12.b 13.c 14.h 15.8

91

Thenumbers

Words included in Build Your Business Vocabulary


refer

to exercises]

abdity as abuelutely certain da aboulgtely free

sygenzimate 15
aptitude 57 arrange a

call a strike 43 esmasian B rangel 8 capable of BB cuplve audience 59


tarry evi 39#7 envry the can 50 assh a choque 28 cash dispenser S cask new12 eptologue number 24 eatch the venders eye 59 c:rtificate erorigin U chairperms 2

aggept as secept delivery 18 acesptable te $$ anonut for 59


no::entent7,47

acemvate20
accustomed to BB acknowledge receipt 18 metvapredictably t active 14 actively enconmged 29 netivity 14 netuary 19 addtian 14 udditional 14 additional featuras 11 eddress a meeting 28 adequate supplies 20 adminiet-ration allior 20 adwt liability 48 advanced tambnalogy 42 adversely 54 advertmment 4,8 advertising 26 advertising ogency 714 advertising exorative 4T advcc bl advin note 24 advim 4.51
afloei

demonstretion 25 arrange a meeting 5 av e result afl as a whale W As faras are concerned 2T As yen knew $7 asambly line 40
..,

unresubly peresa 47 mangger 14 at cross purposes 67 at short notice 2T attack SS attend a conference ljg attrnetion 14 mitmerve 14 attractive salary SS
poistant

ebannel of

communication 50 ebanitkur 47
cheek 5] check in 2

complement El cornplete 15 gemplom 15 compeate 83 complraentary copy 31 cmuplirnenta L t mmpliments 51 eamply with 83 component 20 curspreimod 3 comprehensive range e mmpulsory 15 computer li computer operator 47 confident SL41,ul ccmfidentia) &1 confirm 51 ocibrm to 51

Congratulations 10
congmtalations en do conneeting AfgAt14

balance sheet 10.46

sudience 30 typing SS avilable SS,S avullable for 55 aware of M


audie

bankar's draft9 bar chari TT besie 15 hear 19,36 Best of Asc402 bili oflodingus
binding arbitration 48

cheque tok 3.46 thief ameauntant 26 ren1stan figures SO eivil mrvant 30 civil service 12 cinim 19 elow tied ad, 2 elmandrivinglimnce 47 clear spenking voin 38 clerk 47 clinch a deal 56
elock 18 close at.testien 42 cimed shop 19AB Co, I ode of pmet-ice 5941

connection 14 enascientione 51
consolaus 51 ccmsider 38 congder fbr 57 munider a prepasal 28 onsiderable expense 42 considerable Ineresse in 45 considerably 29 consignee 53 cocetent 41 consistent with B ecmsistently 64 constant 41 const.ruct RS cenwit a lawyer 58,68
...

A.G.M.I
ngendo 2

agree as
agree to diirr 14 sir charter & rental 7

allocate fash 50 ageraative


arrangements 42 analyst 14 annum) conference 16 answer phone 12 puswer the phone 14 untcipate 86 any chones of 45 apelasim for 23 appeal u nyplicable 14

applicant
appliestium

14

farm 36,40

apply for 2,88 appoint a new manaAer5 appraian1 interview 57

black economy 54 black Het & bleek leek Ed of drseters 14.26 onard hoek a Ilight 7 barrow & bm mtmber 12 breach of centract 61 hveak down 6 break down figures 40 break new ground 56 briefeana 15 kriefly 51 bring forword 39 brachure 65 $5,28 build a fagicary huild up 8 bull 30 Wrglar alaryn 13 WS offim SS buyerk market 24
malculator44 calender 3

eeneague 31 collgive bargaining da colour arbame 30 mme out en sMke 30


commercial

414

gentact

protection 46 consumer 36 arrangements Si

commercial hvaak 59 emmmercialvabiele 14 mmmarelalisedlid 14


commerciany viable 14 commiwinn 9 ovarannity relatione 30 mmpany detalle 60
competEble 19

contigency
continneumstationery

20

ccmtinuous supply 42 o.mtractor 14 metractually obliged 14 contraa to 65

compensslicm68
enmpatition I carnputitive 1 competitive price Il oympetitive quote 42 wmpetitive rates 32 mmpetitively 1 competitor 1

eentrol1 wawenienne 31
convenant 41 conveniently located 29

appeer-

conveniently stnated 80 59 emmy mrdlem hona 18 mrner the market 0 enrrectly 20

92

met analysis 14 cost of living 8 coatly BT com]d 1 eredit rating9 eimdit transfer e earrant 41 current ane 4.l3 rettaic27 cut off 6 data 19 data prreassing 20 dele af invoice 11 data stmp 44 dawn raid D deal with 6.23 38 Dear Sir 4 dchit 9 ici 4 note 24 debt cotinctor 7 decslen 14 deeMaaW deduct 28 3@ aufsad delay 8 delegets raatine taske 80 delieeux flavoure 32 delivery note 24 demal sh M dermanstrate
conviatingly 64

daninant Al damier 57 Area 1 dunghtsperon 47 dumv 1 draw up W draw yanr attratiam to 27 Amp i dumping 19,52 carly rettromant 18 economie policy 31 aannemicut i economim 6
mononniselize 14 sennomist 14 emnemy

ytensiva}y

84

get through to 8
gilte 36 give emphasis to W give in Le 39

entsasively trielled 31 azternal 15 NLr*FAgsut 41 faeltitata at

give prelkrance Goahaad 37

38,52

fail 33 fair 1 fan by the wayside 50 familiar with 06


farrily comunigments 57

glamy bochute 32 go offut a toegent GT goon S grade i grace 48 graph 27 great pleasure 60 green helt 54 green light 54

gone

favourable response fevegrably 2938


fax 2

81

effectivc

etenemy drive L2 effect s eamrannication 10 eicient 41 offerticus eloning 52 elspue 85 eligible 31 eligihla for M embarge 19 employee 34 empicyer 34 amployment 34 euckme 38 emelasedleaflet 11 enclosed mes 60 angaged 34 engagementS4 enquire 11 enquiry 1138 enter 60 entertain Laviably30 titled SS me
envious af5 eraser 3 essentful member 47 essential requirement 42 establish prierfties 56 estimate 24 mude SS
avaluate 7 CntiMilly 29

deny W depandent on 41,43,5


deplete 40

faz umchine 13 femeltility study 40 feature 31 fon31 felt gen 27 geld 60 Sie a fing; eghinat 2,3,12 Bil e vacancy Finally 27 Snanclui adviser 34 financial assistanes 14 fmancial difBculties 18 B EmanciaHue414eUen Enancial tranmetion 40 Emanciallymund 29,34 find a salution to45 End our B Huest quality 32 Grmtv bedeve 44 IRrzt of all m
assets 40

54 green tavslutian grey aren 4 growing awareness 34 growing iatemt ta 45 growth 34 growth potentia146 grudge 37
Agilletina 44 handout 27 hani work 36

hardwearingshoes 32
herdahip ST

nre an emplevee

28

depuit 33 depot i despatch an order 23 dampatchgoods 28 deter 28 dial 1


diery 418 difference 14

IIIed

flag of eenvenience 61 flip chart p (laat ing curranny 53 Hoog43


FOR i food 1

have a meeting On have an effent en til have confidence in 4 have experience af45 head et It&D28 hear (kom 6 hear en the grapevine 50 heavily dependant 58 hecyy 15 height 1 hesitate 11Al5 high 15
high prayrity 18

diffacent 14 differentiala 48 diesetions 14 directive 14 directly L4 disoeunt 4,61 discriminata against 88 d14erimnstian Si dak 20
dissatisfied 52

formally wind up 84 forward-looking


company 32 framework 43 freight I OU BLDCk $ fuji board as Ibli details 1122 NR uf admiration imil-opkar bonhare fyl1-tma lB fuly insured 29

exaen 15 exchange rete 2,12 caimUngreage 47 expand SS expense gleim expenses 24 expansive 4
eKperlenee

Ibr 45

highly entertainingdi Jelghlypopular 31 highly4ewinedatsfT W2 held a meeting 26 held a training sessina 16 hotel I NOUSSETAE $ 8096 household name 69 ideal opiwtunity 60 illegal 34
illustrated

22

boetture

42

d49eminate S distribution coste 14 da a hvor21 de a roarng trade 21 do eway with El de business 1121 du the invoissa 21 do with 21 da without 21 do yor best 21 dock 1

s4

31,38 expInnaden 34 explannamy at export 19


expmt Rends 5 exonnem thanks 28 extended credit 104 extenslen 34

fundamental degreement 42 frthur detalla 11.38 further information IIL gain 3@ gen acessa to 45
gaar 1 get on with li7

get on to g

impose 33 32 impose restrictions impression 34 imipzwaaive 34 irnpave morsia 67 in a positan to 68 in scoordance with 58 in addigen 11 in advanes 58 in arrears 68 in bimekand whits 54

93

fa in

breach of contract 63 ofreulaton 8

issue issue

irretrievably 64 9,28
instructions

make a profit 21 50

in onneetJon with 14 in debt 58 in dispute with 40 n due enurse BS in etwr W in ibil 9


n operation 52

issue shares 36 feb 8 feb votation 57

make a success 51 mpke aD Ebc difference 21 make an attempt 25 make money 55 make nota El
make yongress 21

occupational baser(152 oesuputional pension 16 eifer a discount cifica blank 12 after chair IN olTies rerntsyu7 on a.ama sole 53 On the contrasy 27 On the other hand 27 an the rias SS uperating profit 52

job satisfaction Joina team i

12,52

make provsian 21
make redundant 21,41 make umful contwW 62 managenble step 52
management

la other words 27
in production 11.52 in veel terms 30 in round flgeres 58

in Ekk68 in tAv praeans of55 in the ved M in transit 58 in-depth dseusma 00


fokouse

judge 19 keep $$ keep a record 25 keep down g keep pace with 43 With ABBg Up 10 gt@ kyboard 8,20
kg 1

operational 62
diftChlP

buyect 40,53

MEHging

26

manual labanv 42
mas

apportunits 36 OptiOR S optional 14.W

journal 20
Lux If

kitchen stetP38 know 25 knowledgeable M


laser printer
launch

innantive 24 income 51
nome

13
4

latest eminlegue
lawyer1

a product 7AD

inconvenience is increase US
indeciaise

14

ndemnify 48 indum.da) action 14 industrial esianage 7,34 hadastrial tribunal 51 industrialisedlized Si industrialist 34 induretrious 51 innated pricca M inBaten 34 inHationary spiral 34 information 4.34 innstmatve 84 initiaHy Ed Infilave 36 anevatum 20
input 211
intelvent

lay eKSR lay up 88 lead 1 leave of stance 01 leave out SB legal 19 leget clum og legal framework 03 legality 54 lend 8 let things wel down GT latter of eteeptance 14 letter utapplication 14
level 24

mediate

margin of error $1 marine insurano 48 marked 15 market resourch 26.46 matter 25 mature 48 May 1 Ixgin by 27 measure 8 measurement 5

19

Hable for 65 IIcense OS life 5


Ett 33

medical examinalon 67 mesL a demand 50 meet-requimments 65 members of stalT GB micropme 27 minutes 2 misinformed 54 mislay 23,51 misland 31 miss $$ menesasuving tips 32 mccivated 67 motor mechanie 47
rarethwatering
Tamips

oral reprirnand NT odontation programine 7 originality 52 originally SE nriginate $2 ont of the blue 54 out to dinner f nutgoing 36 output 20 outstanding & everoxne a prcadem 25 overcome an obstacle GT overdus 40 c:werhead prcgeeter 27
c:werlead

avertake

30 51

avertima 2

ewe 2 owe some mency 5


awn 1 ozone-friendly spray 32 paper clip 44 part-time 15 partial 16 particular responsibilities 47 parbicularly 4
part3ewlam 7 partitioung 13 pues B pamput 3 pay an invoice 26 Pay back 29 pay duty 56 gay tax & payment 4

BS

41

light 15
limited RabiMLy16

insped 8 instant acessa 30 instantaneously 64 insLruction St


instruction manual ad insursues broker 48 insurance policy 19.48 inevre againet-48 interest 9 interamlad n 8,35 interesLing 8 intariar designer 7 internal 15 interpret.40,W interview 2 interview an applicent 5 introduction 84 introdvelery offer 16 introductory remarks 34 investment 34 investor 34

line 18 line of work 62 ifnked 20 ifnked to 48 little point in 45 loan 1 teckout 43 long 15 look arund ihr 62 Icok forward to 4,60 lema25.33 lose concentrasian 69 Im of earninge 61 law 15 tower30 mail room 90 mail shet 40,69
make a bi 21 make a ebeque out 21 make a complaint 21

multi-national conpany 42 natural rwources 10


natural wastage 43

needs 31
negative

la

negligenea 03 noget-iabis65 negsblation 62


new fesfure 60 Next 27 mightshiR 47 no intentlen of 40 nosedive 50 Net at a)I 10

payroll 10
peak viewing

honra 59

pan 8,13 pencil 8


penell sharpener 44 pension mmpany M pension anheme ES perceive

note 18 nota pad 44


notiep

notes 27 51

85

notice Intr 17 abjectiva 57

hEged25

perfect At 32 pariad ofnotfee 1 permanant 15,41 personnel muuar 25

94

\
personnel efficar 47
phone phone

publ(estian 31
44 punched tapc 20 purchase 35 27 parem
put pench

vide the storm 50


ring luck 6 rng up 8

1A a<Bent 28

single mem 85 sinske sheet 20 sit in 43


Skill

photocopier 13 piek on av pick out 66 pick up 24 picket 19 picket line 43 gle chart 27.46 plans an order 28 play dows 30

fluward 6 taske OS

put more emphaste on 4 put cif unclessant


quality conhol 26.46 quotation 18.06 queto 40

Pleased to meat yan 10


I

raise 843
raise

11,65 PO Bax 1 cochetmienlater


podium

Pimasure

standatas 11,18

R&D Manager 47 IS
reage

ad

rise 1,8 risk tekar te mam awvice 2 mbber 3 rubber.stemp 40 caler 44 Yvn a business Imn out of 30 mn amoothly 67 enreguarda 63 salary B.SS,51 utary scala 40

38

skilind mulmes 18 skip ever 80 slide projector 27

elight 15 slightly 57
alip 8

Smart move! 02 software LR este distributor 14 solve a probicm 5


sophistoted 15 anund investment 10 upaakcra 0 specialist media 57
Specially selected

27

painter27 poinbofsale 59 polinyholder 19 popular with 35 port of eminarketion 61 purtfobo 30 preition SS positive 15 positisc fee ask 57 postage 18 poster 2 postpano 8 postpone a meeting 28 potannat customer 18,42 pragtnatie approanh tT preferential rate 52 premium 19 press release 30 prire ligt 4,51 prios ranga 4 printer 20 prinhar 2 priorty 27 private 15 private enterprima 16 pras 51 produce 51 grodu t 42 pmductivity l productivity bonna 45.52 pma 2 mfit marg3e 12 profitabil3ty 52 profite%Iy 52 program 10 program a computer 1 prqiecten imaga 30

inte of tubaru 61 mmwmateriale 42 math e compromise 56 reenb agamement 28 med back 8 readily neellable 64 reasonatile terms 65 rahate 51 receipt 824 mecive ne reply 23 receptionist 47 maipa 8 recommend 31 recruittnent 28

malesmanager 28 salemperson 47
satisfacLenly 29

satiefectory autemme US saturation point 24 say 8,25 seale orchevans El


Beales 44

29.81

spread
449elo

apaculate 19 spend imeneyl on 24


1

peguT

roeruitment

drive 49

saissers 44 stresu 20F scroening prommas 47 seet on the houra Bl maamity services 7 avlection greens 57 yeW.wffleeat52 sail 25

stag36 stamp 44

stand in l'or:IS standard of living 61 standing order 9 staple 44 etapler 2


stapler 44 wtate 1
statement

rcchify se ermr US red carpet 54 red fana 54 red tape 4 reduce 33 rednes cota 28
rafand

2.23

registered Lodemenc 53 regret 18 regret the delay 23 rejset 32 misvant 41 re]esan to 55 re1uetant 41 rely on 30 remember 8 remind 8 reminder 40 rent einse apaus 5

sell out S send 25 aand a talex esusibic 3 sensitive B severate falders 08 marias of lecturee 60 service 24 set mete Erne Mmit68
sat about 67 set aside 30

staticuary stationery

9.24 8 8

metprioritiaa

BB

met up S settic en account 7,24 settia dispoken 2 anxist 67

31 mquile 35,88,
requimments

reprenantative

deMysty23 promote gandwill30 prompt reply 42


premise

meervation 2 reserva the right 18 responsible 5: 56


restaurant 7 regirfeted 52 rwtrictive practices 52 ramme wpplien 18 cetrieve 20 retum 35 Tide mugh-shed 50

share 1 share index $$ sham issue 46 sliares 19 shoppng precinct 24 short 15


shortly 61 should L ahow of hands El
4tut

etatinnery supplier 7 ammal 25 stick to 39 still avanable 4 steek eentral 26 eteck exchange 12,19 stop otTSB stop over 39 strengthen 88 strans level 87 driving 32 strowsfree 4Lritt enntml 42 atrictly limited 28 atrike 19
4tring44

senek with 57 wuhject to 63 submit a etsim 48


subastiption

form 31

subsidise the stafY

canteen 30 evoceed33
anceassful candidate 38 aue 19,88 witobility 52 auitable SI,n2 suitabic fac11ttimW

proposal form 48 and cons $7 prend of3 provide feelltias 65 guhle 15 yublic relatione 92
pas

down 4

miga a contracL B signintent 41

sigamaking kit 13
simple l slurp]ify 33

supply

11,18

95

CPSYBLOY S EWiiEbbGRFA systematic apprunch 52 systematienRy 52 table lamp 13

undertake

US f 1|$$ unneceptable 14 undermine e position

55

Wri& $ You're walenme 37 Yours faitkihlly 4 Yours sincerely 11

factinky29

underwrite 25
unemployment unemployment

take take take take take

charge of fake down 49

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work

96

Build Your
words and

Business Vocabulary

phrases in a
law
sales

wide

teaches more than 1000 range of business contexts:

accounts

banking

personnel
trade Suitable
exercises

insurance product
social
range

management

presentations
correspondence

for a very

and careful efficient vocabulary extension.

the graded choice of words and topics encourage

wide

of students,

For

Lise

in class or at horne

Ful answer key


Motivating

exercises type

Variety of exercise

Straightforward and easy to use

If you want to be able to say what you mean in business, is quite simply the most Build Your Business Vocabulary WOrd efficient way of increasing yOLif POWer.

THOIVISON HEINLE

Visit Heinle online at: www.heinie.com For your learning solutions: www.thomsonlearning.com

ISBN 0-9

6717-87-6

9 780908

717875 >

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