Professional Documents
Culture Documents
*
HEINLE
Language
Teaching
Publications
Series
Building
systematically
regtdarly
personally
-plan
Don'tjustmakelistsofall the new words you meet and choose. Thinkafareas you are interested in; look for things you can't say in English, then fill those gaps in your vocabulary. Think abut the kind of vocabulary you need. What about social English? The language of business letters? Reading in special areas such as public relatione or international trade? Building your business vocabulary is a big job you can help yourself by choosing the things that are most use to you and learning those first. You can also use things you meet every day at work as a source of useful language. I.cok at the lettera received in your office, read any company literatum which is written in English, LTeethe English around you to improve your Engliah! Dodt just learn weds; you also need to know how to use them. Which words does a word often combine with? This book will help you to learn mom words, but also how to use the words you know more effectively. That is an important part of building your vocabulary. Dodt use your dictionary only when you have a problem. It is an important oscurce. It can help you in lots of different ways, Them are tips all through this book to help you use your dictionary effectively.
--
Don'tjustmake lists of new words; organise them. Again, there are tips to help you to learn and remember more of what you study.
John Flower
THOIVISON MEINLE
Australia
THOIVISON
HEINLE
Publisher/Global ELT: Christopher Wenger Executive Marketing Manager/Global ELT/ESL: Amy Mabley Cover, Design, Illustrations: Anna Macleod
Copyright 2000 Heinle, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. is a trademark used herein under license. Thomson Learning Printed in Croatia by Zrinski d.d. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 06 05 04 03 02 01 For more information contact Heinie, 25 Thomson Place, Boston, MA 02210 USA, http://www.heinle.com or you can visit our Internet site at All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced electronic, or mechanical, including or used in any form or by any means-graphic, photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage and retrieval systems--without the written permission of the publisher.
from this
For permission
Tel
to use material
Fax Web
ISBN: 0-906717-87-6
Acknowledgements Cover photograph courtesy of Zefa Many thanks to Michael Lewis for his encouragement
his drawings. I am also grateful
for
Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5, 6. 7.
8. Confusingwords 1 15 9, Banking services 1 10. Social English 11. Letters 2 Answering enquiries......................,....,..,............,......................18 12. Two-word expressions - 1
......................................, .....,.......................,........,..,,,....,....
........................,....,........,......................,...............,...,........16
Using a dictionary.......,..................,............,................,...................................6 Word groups 1....,......................--.................................................................. S In the ofHee 1 Letters 1 Enquiries Word partnembips - 1 1.2 Past tense 1 Using a trade directory
.................,....,....................,.,..,,..............................................9
.........,....,,.....,............,,,,................,,.............................10
..........-....,....................,..,.................,....,....................11
.................,.........................,..,..,........,........,.............................
......................,........,,....,......,..,...............,...,..............13
..........................................,.....................,..,................,.14
..,...,......................,....,................................,.........19
........-.....-................,,.........,.....,.....................................20
18. 14.
17. 18.
15,
16. 19. 20. 21. 22, 23. 24-, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31, 32.
Product information War d formation - 1......-......................,.............................,...............,............22 Opposites I,,,,,,,,,,,.........................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,....,............,s,...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.....24 Word partnerships 2 Mr Bakets trip Letters -3 Orders.........................,,.....,....,,.................,.....,.............,,,,.........28 Word groups 2 The electronic office 31 Make or do?
.................,,,,...,....,,,......................,....,,.......,.,,......,....25
..,..........................,.......,....,,......................,,........,...,.,...........26
...................,....,,,,,..,,...,,,,...........................,..,....,.,,..............29
.......,.....,..........,..........................,..............,,...................30
......................................................,....,...............,........................
Problems, Letters 4 Delayed orders 1 Buying and selling Special aas The passive Organisation ehart Making a presentation
-
poblems
............................................................,................,.........32
...........,...............................................................34
.................,....,..............................,..-..
......,..........................................................,.................,...,............36
35
37
--............................40
...............................,
....,.............................,....................,
.............,....,......,....,........,,.........................................38
3 I
.................,................................,,,
............,..........................,,....................,..,.................,
.......................,.................,......................4.2
41
Specal areas
-
Foblic
relations
............,.................................,....,..,..............,.....................43
39.
40. 4L 42. 48, 44. 45. 46.
48 Special areas 3 Investing Social English 2 52 Applying for a job,,.,..........................,.....................................,,,,..,................ 54 Past tense 2..,.,,,,....................,.......,..,,.........,....,.................,,,........,,...,..,,... Special areas 4 Accounting..,.................,.,.................,....,,,,,....,,,,...,,.........55 56 Im portant a diectiv es 57 Word partnerships 4 Special areas 5 Industrial relations................,,.................-...................... 58 In the ofTfee 2 Neun and preposition Tw >-word expressions 2
...............,.....,..,..,,,,,............................
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,s..,..........
...........,.......................,,.....................,...............49
...........................................,,,.................,..........................50
..........,.........,....,.....................,...,.................................
............,,,................,..,.....,................,.-,.............,........
,..,.,..........................................,..,...........,..............................59
......,..........................,....,,.................,..................,.......00
......................,....,.................................................61
Expressions
with
'take'..........,.....,,,,,.....................................,..,,..........,....,...65
50. Colourful language 5L Confusing words 2 52, Word formation 3 53, Special amaa 7 International 64. Colour idioms
......................,................................,,....,,,........................68
............,,....,,.............,.............................,,,...,.....,....,....,., ,.,,,,.....,..................................,....,,...,......,.....,,,..,....,......67
66
....,...,,,....,..................................,....,..70
trade
,,,,,
,......,-.....,....-.............-....,,.........,71
..........,,..........................,,,,
Adjective and pre position Word partnerships - 5 Special ansas - 8 Personnel Expressions with W Advertising 2 Letters - 6 Exhibition inferrnation 6 Word pannerships Social English 3 The law 63. Special amas 64. Choose the adverb -2 85. Letters - 7 Booking a hotel room 68. Increasing efficiency 67. Special areas 10 Management
.....,....,,.....,.................................................,..........,...,73
...,....................,.......................,......,......,,,,..,,,.,,74
...............,....,....,,....,...,..............-..........-....,.,.........72
....,,....-....-..................................,....,................,,....,.......76
...,,,,,,,.....,..................................................................,....,..,,,,,
77
................................,.,..,.....................,..78
..................................................................,....,,,..,,.....79
.........................,.....................................,,....,,,............,.....80
-9
..,...,,....,......................,.........,...............................81
....................................,.....,....,...............,...................82
....,......................................................,....,83
...............,................................................,,...........,....,,,,84
....................................................,.....,,,.,,..85
..................................,....,,...,...................,.......,,,,....,,,,.,,,,,....,,,,,,......86
,,....,.................92
1 Using a dictionary
dictionary, with explanations that are easy to understand one showing how you use the worda.
Practise using a dictionary by answering
I,
IfEnglish Use
these questions,
Meaning
Which one of these would you get from a bank? dock draft. drop depot dial course a Of too.
2. dictionary gives you a definition, but it helps you in other ways The next questions show you how.
Match
noen
en the
.
right.
a conference
join
program
the phone
ateam
........
..,.
Eke this.
word partnerships. A ome words often occur with other words; they form good dictionary will give examples of the way in which words go together
8. Word formation Use the correct form of the word COMPETE in each sentence. His are worried about his new range of products. She took part in a to design a new yacht.
. . . . . . .
..
these.
6
4.
Complete the sentence by using the past tense of the verb in brackets. She
In
.
the past we
the
. .
market
by 20%. (RISE)
to other departments.
is irogular
You you.
5.
need
to know
when a word
Abbreviations
mean?
. . .
..
..
...
FOB
...
....
.....
POBox
..
...
..
.....
bbreviations am u.sed quite often in business so it is important to look up and note down any new ones you meet. You should also know how to say each abbreviation. A good dictionary should tell you this.
6.
Pronunciation
phone wear
Which of these worde has a different vowel sound? loan own a. gone share b, fair gear goods could food e.
should
4.
freight
height
state
weight
You
don't really know a went until you know how to say it properly. This is of each word, why a good dictionary shows you the pronunciation
7
2 Word groups I
t is useful to make a list of the words you use when you talk about a subject, When you learn a new word, you can add it to your list. This book will give you some ideas but why not think of some areas of business you are interested in and see how many words you can think oft
Put each of the words below into the correct list.
Use each word once only.
Can you think of any more words to add to each list? agenda
A.G.M.
apply
for
toler training
weekend rate
refund
3.
Hotel
3. Job
4. Meeting
5.
Money
6. The office
3 In the office
1
the word for each
rubber umbrella
vase
Look at the pictum of an office. From the hat below find numbered item. Use each word once only,
calendar
cheque diary
book
pen
pencil
(eraser)
phone printer
VDU
I.......
..
..
2.
..
......
8.
.........,
4.
5.
............
8.
..,...
7.
.........,,
8.
12.
9.
.,,.......,,
10,......,..,.,
11,,,.,,.......
......
...
13.............
14.............
15...........,, 9
16...
..
4 Letters
1 Enquiries
you receive any business letters in English, use them to learn more vocabulary. Note down any useful word.s and phrases and then try to write similar letters of your own. In the same way, write your own letters based en those that you find in this book.
If
Below you will see parts of three letters of enquiry. Put the correct werd or phrase in each blank. Choose fiomthe following list. Use each item once only, advertisement advise
current
issue
price
list
price range
reference
Dear
still available
A.
1.......,.......
I have
Sir
.
the 3, interested in your range of office stationary. Could you please send me your 4. 6. to hearing from youseen your 2.
. . . . . , ,
in
of 'Office Weekly'
and am
,
and 5.
I look
Youra7,...
....
B.
With 8..
. . . . .
to your advertisement
. . .
in
today's Times',
I am 10..
.
send me 8...
Interested
in your adjustable
typiat's chairs.
C.
Some
from you
calculat0PS.
with our customers, we would like to was so popular .If so, would you kindly 13,.. of your terms Could 15......... you quantity also include available. and any of 14......... details of any new models in the same 16.
.us
. .
...
..
10
5 Word partnerships
1
the
expect eme pairs of words often accur together. If you meet one, you can written and spoken English. ather. This makes it easier to undetetand
Match each verb en the Let't with a noun on the right to form common partnerships, Use each word once only. Write your answere in the boxes.
Set 1
1 answer
2, appoint
3, arrange 4. export 5. pay S. solve 7.
type
g. tax
h. a visitor
8. welcome
Set 2
Now de the same with these words.
1. fill 2. interview 3, offer 4. 5, 6. 7. owe rent run send
8, sign
g. a telex h. a vacancy
ten days.
to
.
to
, ,
trying to
6 Past tense M
ost
verbs
1
'ed'
English form their past by adding W or but there are also about 200 irregular verbs in English. About 100 of these are common so you should always check the past tense of any verb you learn, Complete each of the sentences by using the past form of one of the verbs on left and combining it with one of the worde on the right. Use each verb once only. Some worde en the left are used more than once. break build cut deal
I.
in
the
find get
keep
put read seH
shut
go
hear
take think
ring
, , .
. . . . .
off
through
up with
on out over
. . . . .
By accident the switchboard operator of our conversation. 2. After testing everything they finally with the machine, costs 4. The Finance Department
. . . . .
in
the middle
3. They
materials.
5. Ke
..
the figures
, , , , , . .
exactly right,
the query about discounts. to her so that she could be sure that he
, , . . . , .
.
an interesting
. .
proposal
at
the meeting.
. . .
.
They
for a week before making a decision. the offer up three times I finally to head office. her business from one small shop to a chain of
. . , , , . . . . . .
. . . .
The new range was so popular that the shop in 2 days. 12, Last year they the factory for three weeks and everybody had to have their boHday at the same time.
. , . . . .
. . . . .
18. She
14.
working
even
immediately
. .
saying I was interested in their offer. four hours late because of'fog.
nnally
.
a. You want to take a client out to dinner. b. A visiting busineesman wants somewhen to atay. c. You"re worried about your tax liabilities, d, You're going to launch a new poduct onto the mark.et, e, You want to book a flight, f. You're worried about industrial espionage. g, You've run out of typing paper. h, A typist needs a new chair. i. Several customers have still not settled their accounts.
2 8 4 5
O
7 8 9
_11
j.
k. L
You want to hire a helicopter, The reception area looks drab. You am being sved for negligence,
12
Now complete each of the following sentences with a suitable phrase from the sentences you have just seen. L 2. 8. 4. 5. This new process is
She's ringing the travel agency to The clients who still hadn't
They're holding a oception
, . , ,
.
wem sent a
. . .
final reminder.
to
onto
the market.
. . . .
8 Confusing If
words
--
you use a word in the wrong way, learn from your mistake, Find out what the correct word or expression should be and then use both the correct and incorrect words in sentences so that you can understand and remember the
differences.
agency.
anectleffect
rates
your sales?
to borrowllend
me another $2,000.
at least once
to cancellpostpone
I studied economiceleconomy
in
8. I am interestedlinteresting
every
11. The cost of life/living has gone up again, 12. Please send precise measurements/measures 13. We expect prices
when ordering.
to raiselrise
14
9 Banking
services
ne way of building your vocabulary is to ask yourself how many words you and can write down about a certain subject, After you have made your list., checked the spelling and pronunciation, you can add any new weMs you meet. Before you do this exercise, see how many worda you can write down on the subject of banking. After you have done the exercise, add any new words to your
List.
Fill each blank in the text with the correct word or phrase, Choose fmm following list, Use each item once only.
the
credit rating issued statement credit transfer withdraw outstanding fmanei=1 institutions banker's draft in full salaries standing order eash dispenser interest slip Banks offer many services to businesses and their customers, Here are some of oomunission debited
..
Provided you have a sound 5, you can get a credit card from a bank To obtain goods or services, you present your card and and other 6, sign a special voucher. When it receives the voucher, the credit card company and then sends you a monthly 8., pays the trader (less a 7, Depending on the type of card you have, you will either have to pay S. on the balance left or be able to pay part of what is owed and pay 10..
, . . . . . , ,, , . , , . . . .
. .) . . .
..
..
II..
.....,
If you need to make fixed payments at regular intervals, e.g. for insurance premiums, you can arrange a 12. (sometimesknown as a banker's order; so that the bank will do this for you.
. .
You write one to pay, you can do this by 13.. 14... involved, for each bill and hand in fill for cheque the total som a everything to the bank cashier. If you have several bille
.
..
to pay 15,.
directly into
If you are dealing with e supplier for the first time, a 16.. may be used as payment. This is a cheque guaranteed by a bank and therefox it is not likely
.
to
'bounce'.
14
10 Social English
In business there are times when you need to speak English socially, for example when you go out for a meal with an English-speaking eNent or colleague. It is important, therefore, to know some of the expressions used in these more informal situations. As you do this exercise, try to imagine situations in which these exchanges could occur.
with an appropriate response Complete each of these eenversations only. below. Use each response once
from
the list
Responses
b.
a. Pleased to meet you. I'm Jane Ford. Oh, so soon? Thanks. You too. e. d. Congratulationst pleasure. e. Not at alL It's been a L No thanks. 1've just had one. g. Yes, very much, thanks. h, No better. I'm afraid. i. Only a few days. j. Yes it is, isn't it. k. That would be very nice, thanks. L Is there anything I can do to help?
t'
Oi
6-
3.......
.................--,.
4.....
16
....
.---..
......
t'v
a
DO.
/ RF4AY
Fo/N.
8947"
Be
L/
4
,N
5.
.,.....,..,..
/ li
. . ......
Wall
8.
. . .. .. ..
Bi
..
Aveva.O
A/AN
SMPA
N 4 4,
com
NR
$44Y
RFTWWWV44
a 7.
....,........
i
..........
I 8. ?
. . . .... ........
veen (ceva
.sex
we
Vou NJ
was
QUT
r aarave
M*'V
1. 7
AA
9.
4
.............
i
4FNJor/N
,?
i
... ......
:
10.
44y
..... .............
:
A
wom
erav
I ( cow
>"Oc?
.
er
v +
....
11,
.......
....
..........
12...
,,,
17
11 Letters
Below you will see parts word or phrase in each
2 enquiries
leaflet further details hesitate In addition in production pleasure
Answering
only. additional features conipetitive price date doing business
enclosed
of three letters answering an enquiry. Put the correct blank. Choose from the following list. Use each item once
A.
Dear Ms Prentie Thank you for your I,, of Brd May about our office stationery. We have 3, in enclosing our latest omtalogos and price Est. We hope you will find 10 of interest. contact us. please do not 4.. If you require any 3..,......,
. . . .
.....to
Yours
5.
B.
Thank you for your letter of Jsouary The enclosecl catalogue contains 6.
.
4th,
.
you with the gooda you require We look forwarel to receiving an order from you. are able to i
. .
C.
Thank you for your letter calculator.
of l et eTune, 8,
. . . .
su.persedeel by the JFTE the As you will see from the 10.. 12.. at an extremely 1stest omtalogue glving detalla of the vast We have also enclosed our 13.. of electronic goods we supply. of not less than. SO of t,he same We allow a discount of BO% on purchases less not 35% quantitles than 100. 14.. of we give a model, ancl on 15.. of days from within fourteen discount of 5% for payment
This model is no longer 9... solar-powered pocket calculator. new model has several 11.,
,
. .
as
it has been
invoice,
We look forward
to 16..
with you in 18
12 Two-word
expressions
Sometimes
credit card
sometimes
departmo
lounge
Sometimes you will find these expressions listed separately in a dictionary and they are included in the definitions of one, or both, of the words. You need to learn the expressions as complete phrases.
Join one word on the left with one from the right to make a two-word partnership, Use each woni ence only, Write your answers in the boxes.
L box
2.
cash 8. eivil
4, 6, 8. 7,
income 8. insurance
5 6 7 8
9
11 12 13 14
j, processor
k. rate L satisfaction m, service n.
tax
o. union
Now complete each sentence with one of the expressions. 1, She bought a
. . . .
in
the
. .
middle
. . .
of
.
town.
..
is more favourable,
is mom impottant 19
13 Product
you can get If advertisements in find lot of useful vocabulary
information
catalogues in English, or magazines or newspapers containing English, look at the descriptions of the products. You can in this way. a In addition, many products have information written in English which will also help you to build your vocabulary. Remember, there are many opportunities to see real English. All of them can help you to learn.
which
In this exercise you win see some information about a product. You must decide product is being referred to. Choose the product from the following list.
is referred
to once only,
phone
table lamp
Desk top publishing at an eennomical Compatible price. High inulvtion, with a wide rango of systems.
1.............,...............
2.
......,............
..
.....
Sent
to the control
S.
......,..............,......
4.
..,...................
,...
transmission
High n=sulation
colour monitor
with word-processing
Onynescomplete
5,
..,.........................
Oi,
20
.....................
......
13 Product
you can get If advertisements in find lot of useful vocabulary
information
catalogues in English, or magazines or newspapers containing English, look at the descriptions of the products. You can in this way. a In addition, many products have information written in English which will also help you to build your vocabulary. Remember, there are many opportunities to see real English. All of them can help you to learn.
which
In this exercise you win see some information about a product. You must decide product is being referred to. Choose the product from the following list.
is referred
to once only,
phone
table lamp
Desk top publishing at an eennomical Compatible price. High inulvtion, with a wide rango of systems.
1.............,...............
2.
......,............
..
.....
Sent
to the control
S.
......,..............,......
4.
..,...................
,...
transmission
High n=sulation
colour monitor
with word-processing
Onynescomplete
5,
..,.........................
Oi,
20
.....................
......
Styhob cover. Page a day. Containe conversion tables and other useful
information,
or without
arma of fabrica.
7...........,,...............,
,..
...
..
....
..
..,
Large quantity in stock. Immediate delivery. Dismantling and erecting mervlee availab3e-
The effective
answer
to high
volume
Qualitymproduction.
9.
.....,...............,......
10,
...,-.........
.....,.
Durable self-edhesive lette", numbere and symbols in a variety or sim, Can he uaed indoors and out.
II.,..,....,,,,,,,,........,,,,
12.
..
....
,,,........
calculator,
locka.
Salar powered.
13,....,,..........,..,........
14.,......
..
.....
Max 60
15.
...,.........,,.,,,--.......
16,-,.-.
.......
........
Now look through the descriptions and note down any words or phrases that will be useful for you.
21
14 Word formation
a a dictionary, see will be Sometimes these W word and sometimes they appear separately.
words
word in
wiH
word.
what
words
if you can form other words included in the definition of the Look before and after each you can find formed from the same basic
Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in capital lettere. In some cases you will have to make a negative form by using the prefix in. er un.
L
ACCEPT
this arrangement is totally to us. Pve just received their letter of so we can go ahead.
, .
. . . .
Ym sorry, but
2,
ACT
The unions have threatened to take industrial day on the Stock Exchange. Ifs been a very at the moment. The IWD department seems full of.
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
8.
ADD Well be bringing out several to our product line. bonus if I exceed my sales tmgetby more There's an
. .
than 10%.
4.
Most
5.
think
we're in for
a difficult time.
APPLY
Unfortunately we can't nterview every I sent in my letter of and they phoned me the next day, when them am fewer than 10 employees The ogulations am not
. . . . . . . . . .
6.
7.
of the offer is
. . . . . . .
22
8.
COMMERCE vehicles en the road these dayst There are so many viable. I m afraid the scheme is not that we're going somewhere else. The resort has become so As well as newspaper advertising, we plan a series of TV
, . , ,
. . . . . .
9.
CONNECT flight didn't leave until 10 o'clock. My with their ofTer of an agency. We sent them a letter in useful in She has some the hotel trade.
. . , ,
.
10,
CONTRACT
The
11.
has
. . .
We are
told me the office will be ready by next month, obliged to provide adequate seenrity for the shipment
.
.
. . .
DIRECT
I enclose a map and to help you to find our office, will make the final decision about the scheme. The board of I found the company by looking in the local trade with the manufacturer. I always deal There's been another frorn head office about photocopying.
.
.
12.
DECIDE
He>LI never make a good manager. He's so A on the new factory is expected soon,
. . . . .
13.
DIFFER Installing air-conditioning has made all the supplier this time. We've decided to try a We'll have to agree to I still think it would be better to go by mad.
. . . . .
14.
DISTRIBUTE in this area, so we're fomed He's the sole The increase in petrol prices will push up our
. . , ,
. . . .
costs,
15.
ECONOMY We must
, , ,
. . .
All
those wonderful
on electricity, so switch off those lights. haven't found a solution to our problems.
, , . . . , , ,
23
15 Opposites
ben you see an adjective in a sentence, ask yourself if it is possible to it by its apposite. You will notice that some adjectives have several opposites depending nu the context.
replace
The opposite of short, for example, could be long or tall. Can you think of any more examples like this? A good dictionary will help you. It's another word partnership poblem!
Complete each sentence with the opposite of the word in brackets. Choose from the following list. Use each word once only.
approximate
basic
complex compulsory
marked negative
private
short
partial
permanent
has been a
..
success. (COMPLETE)
the
candidate.
.. . . . .
(EXTERNAL)
. .
to be as
as this! (HIGK)
the
term. (LONG)
tie was
. .
.job
8. She has a
the
sector. (PUBLIC)
has a
, . , , , ,
improvement
.
18. We could see he was using very 14. He's got himself a
. . . .
equipment.
(SOPHISTICATED)
16 Word partnerships
Match each adjective on the left with a noun on the right to l'orm common partnerships. Use each word once only, Write your answers in the boxes,
Set 1
1. S. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
annual early
extended limited
natural
a, conference b, credit
pension
2 3 5 g 8
occupational
private unfair
g, resources h, retirement
Set 2
New do the same with effective 2, financial 3, high 4, intmductory
L
these
weds.
a. communication
1 3
__4 _
6
8
g, range
h. workers
price of
one,
to the
to take
for
17 Mr Baker's
trip
Below you will see pictures of different stages in Mr Baker's trip. You must decide which of the sentences below goes with which picture. Use each sentence once only,
help. a. Thanks very much for all your b, Yve got an appointment with Mss Jarvis. of Baker. e. Ud like to book a room with a bath in the name d, Keep the change. QF2, now boarding at Gate 24. e. This is the last call for 11i.ght f. How was your trip? g. Have you got anything to declare, sir? h. A return to Ashfield, please. i. Medium, please. j. The Hotel Major, please, k. My name's Baker. My secretary has booked a room for me. L Pleased to meet you. m. Here's to our continued co-operation, booked a room with n. Ym afraid there's been a mistake. Fm sure my secretary bath,
3.
,,.....,.....,......,,..
d. 26
...
,...,,,.
..-
FS
? 9 9 Y
5.
...
..
..
.......
....
-..
.......
10
....
..
11,
....
.......,,..
12
....
......
18..
.....
.,,,...........,
14...-. 27
..
..
......
18 Letters
word
--
3 Orders
Below you will see parts of four letters concerned with orders. Put the correct or phrase in each blank. Choose from the following list. Use each item once only. inconvenience quotation accept delivery range line acknowledge stock regret note eurrent issue supply reserve the right following postage terrns resume
A.
With reference
to
I would
your
Monthly', I
like for
advertisement 2 to order
15
in Easifix
the
1,,,......of
Year
'Office
Planners.
enclose
a cheque
to
include
2,......,,and
packing.
B.
Tha.uk you. for your 3, of Sth July for your "Pinesse" 4. of dining room furniture. We find your 5. a.nd would like to order the 6.,
. . . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .
. . .
satisfactory
10 "Finesse" 40 "Finesse"
. . . . . . .
-
dining
C.
We thank you for your mder of 11th May for 2 Easifix Year Planners. This 11, has proved so popu.lar that we 12. to infomi you it is temporarily out of stock.
, , , . . , , , . , , , . . . ,
that
D.
Thank
and
order
of 12th
chairs.
July
for
10 "Finesse'"
dining
above
items
tables
from
dining
As we are
10..........
next
with
to
the
be delivered
to you
early
week.
28
19 Word groups
--
with the same topic can emember that grouping together wouls connected help you to learn them. As you meet new vocabulary, see if you can think of other worda that could be used in the same context,
Put each of the words below into the correct list. Some words could go into more than one list but use each woni once only and put it into the category with which it is meat commonly associated, Can you think of any more words to add to each list? picket speculate dumping actuary policyholder stock exchange embargo bears premium strike export claim closed shop program judge sue taritT legal compatible shares
data L Computers mediate software
trial
2. Industrial relations
3 Insurance
4, International
trade
5. Investing
0. The law
29
20 The electronic
In
with word
office
this passage about the use of enmputers in business you must fill each blank one word. Choose each woni from the following list, You must use each
once only, input keyboard linked output
printer
modem
floppy
records retrieve
single supplies
screen
transactions
USING COMPUTERS Computers are being used more and more in business because fast, efficient artd 1..
.
they are
which
computers
are used:
, . . . . . .
.
details of Insurarice companies use them to store and 2. clients' policies. Production departments in companies use them to ensure they have of raw materials and4. adequate s. Banks use them for processing details of accounts and 5. Personnel departments use them to keep 6. of a comparty's employees.
......., .. .....
Can you
ways
information
into a
..
9.......... by 10.
.
disk
, , ,
,
information:
called a VDU (visual display unit). sheets or may use 15. to a 16. stationery. to a floppy disk. - to another computer,
. , . .
14.
, ,
which
30
21 Make or do?
Complete each sentence with the carrect form of make' or
1, Them's a rumour going round that Pelly's are going Squash International, 2, Please
, , , ,
. .
'do'.
I
, , ,
. . .
to
a bid for
your best
,
. .
3. Who shall I
redundant.
without 5. Tm afraid you have to get the part we need from the suppliers.
. ,
. . .
6. We've been
and we hope 7. Considerable progmas has been proposals to our members tomorrow afternoon.
. .
to
,
extra provision
a considerable
. . .
these invoices to
.
12. The business was so run down when she such a success of it. her to
. , ,
. .
13. Something as simple as changing the site of the lettering on all the diffemace to your sales.
. . .
. .
14. Increasing production will even more demands on machinery which is already breaking down at an alarming rate.
, , , ,
.
with
some computer paper in the wages ofEce, a complaint about one of our salespeople. us a favour by launching their product lirst,
. .
'make'
When you have checked your an.swers, underline each expression with "do' or
31
22 Problems,
my coar raent
MrN
problems
seems
N
..
'
My typist keeps complaining of backa.che. If I were you, Fd get her a better chair.
-
Match each sentence below with Use each maponse once only,
ra
the best
response
weera
la
waasexe
ocure
wr"we
row
wers.
eer
or
I............,...,..........
>
2.
..........
.,.....
ens'r
roera
ys
oog
3.
.........,................
4,
race,
aan were
,.......
..
..-.
ewens,s
ocar
rr,
srrovy
cow'r
par
newey
au
ade<
47
rsue
wear
/
5,
..,..,....................
/\
6, 32
/
......
3
...,..
t*
.
..-..
9.
....
&
..............,....,
I
var
i
10...
. .or.warseres
<i
. . .. . ..
ritese
e swa
ser m
ooo
44
1L....
.........
,.........
12,
...
..
..
....
..
..
a. Let's see what R & D can come b. Shall I get you some more from the stationery store? 4. Why dodt you loo.kfor ajob abroad? d. Have you tried getting one from
up
with,
g. I'd give them another ring if I were yo L h, Do you think arbitration would
an employment agency? e. They say therfs still growth left in the leisure industry. f. How about Tusaday morning?
k. Do you
33
23 Letters
4 Delayed
orders
Below you will see parts of three letters concerned with a delay in fulfilling an order. Put the correct werd or phrase in each blank. Choose from the following list. Use each item once only.
apologise for
deaIing deducted despatching
delay
mislaid obliged
passed
promised
the delay
delivery
set
A.
On Oth October I sent you an order for a 1, programs which you had advertised in the October 2, World'.
, , . . .
.
of five computer
. . . . .
of 'Computer
within 28 days. 6 weeks have now advertisement 3. You mvat have and I have stll not, reasived the programs. from my received my order as the A70 19&id by chaque has been 5. bank account. for me and send my order without Would you please look into th.is G.
Although 4,
, . . . .
your
.
B.
Two weeks ago I sent you a letter inquiring about my order of Sth October for five computer pPogPams which had not arrived. I have received no 8., to my letter and the programs have still not been delivered. I must aak you, therefore, either to send my order immediately OP 10 9. my &OR Of .
, , , . . . . . , , , , , . ,
C.
Thank
you
for
your
order
letter
for the
12.,,,.....your Unfortunately,
for
13.........with
.
with system we had problems our new computerised orders ands rasv1t, order was as a your the five we hope programs you ordered will go some way to
nconvenience.
14......... We have
extra delay.
Once not
together making up
with for
an the
again
we 15,,,,,,,,,the
from
IG.,,,,,,,,you
doing
busineas
with
34
2. 3, 4. 5, 6,
7. 8. 9.
10.
11,
12,
the computer automaticany re< d. position b. level a, standard e. grade Often a discount is offered as an to get a customer to pay promptly. interim d. inventory incentive investment b. e. a. The final cost could be higher, Remember that was only an enquiry b. d. engagement estimate encouragement a. e, you've Check the got everything, note and see that b, delivered e, delivery d. delivering a. deliver When ordering, please quote the d. catalogue number a. numbered catalogue h. catalogue c, figure received note telling me that the goods have been Tve just an dispatched. d. advisory b. advise c. invoice a. advice Every month account customers am sent a b. statement e. request d. stocktaking a. final demand In the UK, VAT (value added tax) a a tax on goods and d, eteekists b, servants e, atockings a, services If they don't we'll account their take them to court. b, pay up d, pay for a. set up c, settle By mistake we have undercharged her ao we have to send her a note for the amount. b, credit d, codit-worthy c, debit a. debt If you take the sweater back to the shop they want to see the to show yon bought it there. b, reception e, permit 4. quotation a. receipt It"s a market at the moment so you should be able to pick some up
,
,
.
at a masonable price.
a open
13. The market has reached new products,
b. free
, , . . . . , ,
b. saturation e, filling d. boling a. full when the tourist season starts, 14. We hope that business will d, pick ofT b. get up c. pick up a. set off goods. 15. You pobably find furniture polish among the household housing 4. housewife house b. c, a, shopping market and built a 18. They"ve pulled down the old b, precinct d. retailer e, franchise a, premises
. .
35
25 The passive
A the passive
form is used in sentences such as: Grove Developments have been chosen to buld the new sporta centm. It is important that you know the past participle form of every verb you learn as and make sentences in whieb the passive is this will help you to understand used.
a you read about huainess in newspapers and magazines, notice how often
In this exercise you have to complete each sentence by using the correct form of one of the following verbs. Use each verb once only. make send build take over set up hold tell overcome spend underwrite know say win steal lose sell 1. More
3. They were
3. No attempt was
in
the figures.
went like
5. Once initial problems had been clockwork. 6. Their new factory will be 7. The contract was 8. Over
, ,
. . .
the re-organisation
$3 million
was
9. A prospectus
10. Why weren't
will be ellents
. . . .
.,
15. A network of service centres will be and maintenance. 16. They claim
that
plans for
were
by a competitor.
26 Organisation
chart
bink about the ways in which companies are organised inta departments with different responsibilities, Do you know the names in English of the people in charge and how to talk about their responsibilities? If not, try to find out and then make your own chart similar to the one below.
Below you win see a chart showing the way in which a company could be organised. In some cases, a word is missing frern the chart, Find the correct word frorn the foHowing list. Use each word once only. Write your answers at the bottom of the page. Accountant Administration Advertising Board
Manager
Managing
Market Personnel
Processing Iteeruitment
Salaries Stock
L,
of Dimeters
words
are.
2..,..... A.-...,, 10............ 14.....,,,.... 37
...
.....
..
..
...
..
..
,,
..
..
..
..
..
27 Making a presentation
A.
Look at the picture. Put the conect number by each of these items. feltpen........ Landont,. barchart........ pointer curtain flip chart pie chart slide projector screen
....
. . . . .
notes graph.
podium microphone
.
overhead
projector
12
11
10
38
B.
with a word
Below you will see extracts fmm a presentation, You must complete each blank or phrase from the list below. Use each item from the list once only. First
up
as a whole As far as
to date to sum up
at such short
3. our latest project has been the target of intence speculation in the of this presentation is to media during the last few days, and the 4. bring you 5, on what has been happening.
. . . . . . .
fd like to ofresh your memories as to the backgmund to the 6. F11giveyou a broad outline of what we've achieved so far. praject. 7, will be over the I ll try to give an indication of what our 9. 8, next few months.
. . . . , , ,
.
IfI can 10,, to the month of July, you will notice unexpected fall in overseas sales.
. , , , , , ,
II.,
sustained,
the figures for Europe 12,. we can see some quite encouraging trends.
If we look at
. .
we welcome it, . ,
We could open a branch there. 14,, for a good agent to represent us.
.is
we may
This
a time when we must consider our optione carefully, should not rush into making any decisions,
. . . . , , ,
we
So, 16,, then, don't believe everything the media few problems but the futum looks bright, I 39
i
W Word partnerships
Match each verb on the left with a noun on the right to form common partnerships. Use each word once only. Write your answers in the boxes.
Set 1
L address 2. arrange
a. b.
a client
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
a record
Set 2
Now do the same with L build
these words.
a. agreement b. a cheque e, costs d. disputes e, f. h. a factory goods i 2 3 4 y 6 7
cash 3. despatch
2,
4. express 5. postpone
0.
reach
7. reduce 8. settle
g, a meeting
thanks
They hope to
2. 3. 4.
Onuld you
to
. .
They're going to
on some vacant 40
with
e you study English, notice how some adverbs form common partnerships
other
worde,
for example:
Each product is
thoroughly tested.
From the following list choose a suitable adverb to complete each sentence. Use each adverb once only,
absolutely actively correctly eventually favourably financially
. .
fully
satisfactorily specially strictly
.
tactfully temporarily
virtusily widely
considerably
conveniently
located in
accepted so I
was
sound,
cause a recession.
this software
foe
9. Entry
limited.
imm
,
nrmto firm.
the envelope is
, , , , , ,
addressed.
unbreakable,
to deal
with
encouraged 41
to show initiative,
task of the pubhe relations department is to project the right of a company, b. image d. drawing a, painting e, picture 2, When the product was launched they issued a press to all the news agencies, b. issue d. promotion a, escape e, release 3. According to the code of practice, a public relations officer should not
. . . .
knowingly
false information.
a corporate identity, b, systems d. fashions a. schemes c. styles 6. We need to liaise more with politicians and servants if we want the government to agree to our plans, b. polite d. civilian a. omcial c. civil 7. $200,000 of for emcial opening the new store. the was b, brought about e, set off d. laid up a, set aside 8. Sponsorship can be an effective way of promoting towards an organisation. b. goodwill d. goodness a. win e. willingness reception wth irrelevant 9. At a press don't gueste material, b, override d, overcompensate a, overload c. overtake 10. The weeption most be held at a convenient with good transport and parking facilities, b, venue d. venture a. revue e. view 11. When making a presentation to a relatively small an overhead projector can be invaluable. b. spectator d. congregation a. assistance c. audience 12. Within a large organisation a well-designed is an effective method ofnternal communication. h, home d. Plant a. in-house e. household 13. Participating in local events, such as carnivals, is a good way ofdeveloping relations. b. commonplace e. communal d. community a, common of communication to get our message 14. We used every across, b. stmam d. canal a. flow o. channel
.
. .
a. disseminate b, dissociate e, dispose 4. Some companies entertain journalists mon h. largely a, lasciviously c. leniently 5. The use of such things as logos and colour
.journal
15.
We have to highlight our strengths and b. think through c. play down a, play up
, , . . . .
42
31 Letters
5 Sales
Below you will see extracts from three sales letters. Put the correct word or phrase in each blank, Choose from the following list. Use each item once only. colleagues confident
convenience eligible experience featured needs recommend
recent
publications
suitable
value
A.
We have pleasure in
enclosing a L
'Build Buelness Vocabulary'. series, You will note that the book has a similar format to our 3, Vocabulary', vocabulary but conceatotes on usel'ul to anyone '.Boild Your who needs English in a business situation. from The exercises hava teen 4, and have met with a 5, for use in the classroom both learners and teachers, The book la 6, English working alone. er by a learner of We feel sure that you will want to 7. this boolt to your colleagues
YouP
, , . . . , , , , . , . , , , , , ,
. . . . .
and studente,
R,
in aalling office equipment, We are a company with over 30 years 8, We have recently brought out a new range of equiptnent and furniture designed to meet the S. of today's electronic office. 10, in our latest brochure which I have enclosed This new rgnge is detadle with of our generous 11, together If you require any 12. siinply telephone me ond1 will arrange for one of our 13. to call on you.
,
. . . . . . . . . . . .
C.
You have latest
of
been
14.........
course send
by
my
company
our you
will
publication
'Susiness
a free
to Dealinge'.
receive
a free
copy of
Me carmet
because
find
we 15.....,,,. it fascinating
but we have chosen copy to everyone We are 16,........ that you your opinion. and want to show it to your 1,,,..
..
monthly and we have enclosed is published a Subscribe within the three next 19,........ 1,......,, for your for a discount weeks and you will of twenty per cent. be 20,........
'Business
Dealings"
32 Advertising
the o at some advertisements Ilook partnerships find
you can
advertising,
help to sell a product. If possible, in English and see how many word create a favourable impossion of the product.
Match each word on the left with a word on the right. Use each word once only. Write your answere in the boxes.
Set 1
I. Competitive 2. delicious 3. effortless 4. finest 5. full 6. glossy 7, perfect 8. wide
2 8 4 5 7 8
g. rates h, variety
Set 2
Now da the same with
2.
these words.
a, b. brochure
Company
1. forward-looking
full<olour
1 2
3. hard-wearing 4. highly-trained 5, 6. 7. 8.
money-saving
muth-watering
omone-friendly stress-free
Now complete each sentence by using an expression from above 1. Inside each cooker 2. 8. 4.
are ready to look after your every need. With hand-made shoes you get a every time.
.
Our
-2
33 Opposites You
remember.
can often build your vocabulary by asking yourself if you know the opposite of one of the most important words in a sentence,
It also helps
Complete each sentence with the opposite of the word in bmekets, Choose from the following list. Use each word once only. You must use the coroct form of the verb.
accept agree attack demolish
complicate
1.
reject
He's
my recommendation.
, , .
2, They're 3. She
.
4. She's gone . Is he 8. I
to the bank to
(.FAIL)
7, They've
restrictions
. .
8. Share prices
9. We
. . . .
gound
a lot of money on
. , ,
10. Did he IL
They say
12. I
18, Won't
things? (SIMPLIFY)
in
34 Word formation
Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in capital letters In some cases you will have to make a negative by using the prefix i!-, mis- or un. are desperate to find jobs. Every of the firm is entitled to a 10% discount. Her gets very angry if she uses the phone too much. I'm looking for tempomry during the summer holidays.
.
. -
people
so I have to try again later, for the rest of the day, please.
. ,
8.
EXPENSE
.
.
to send the goods by air but They offered her 15,000 plus
.
. .
It's
Unfortunately, on the project was much more than expected. claims am being looked at by the Chief Accountant. Kis
.
4.
EXPLAIN
. .
.
5. EXTEND We've decided to agree to their request for Could I speak to Miss Charles, please? I think it's The factory was damaged in the fire. I agree with her conclumons. To some
. . .
.
credit.
. . . . . .
272.
6.
FINANCE
.
. .
adviser is convinced the pmject will be a success, Her If the company is sound we might consider taking it over.
. . . . . .
. .
awareness of the need to improve productivity, The government is worried about the in public expenditure.
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
7. GROW There is a
46
8, IMPRESS
when meeting clients. It's important to create a good The results from our new French subsidiary are very by our presentation. Em afraid she was
. , ,
. . .
9. INDUSTRY
In this high-tech world, Mr Fredericks, a prominent In some of the more
. . . . . . . . , ,
.
espionage is on the increase. will head the committee of inquiry. countries pollution is a big problem.
, ,
10. INFLATE prices! Yve no intention of paying such is running at 201 At the moment The government most take steps to helt the
. . , , , . . ,
. .
spiraL
11. INFORM Please let me know if you need any more I enjoyed her talk. It was very She no longer works for us. Em afraid you've been
. . . . .
.
12.
INSTRUCT
.
that she's not to be disturbed. The boss has left manuaB I can't raake head nor tail of this 13. INTRODUCE tomarks and then she gave her talk. The chairman made some I'd like to welcome Jane Phipps, who, fm sure, needs no
. .
.
14. INVEST These shams have given me a good return on my Small were advised to hold on to their shares,
. .
.
15. IOTOW We need somebody with a good working abroad, Our company is virtually
. .
.
of French.
She's obvionily very as far as marketing is concerned. 16. LEGAL It's to sell such goods without a proper permit. of the company's action, They questioned the
. , ,
. . .
47
35 Formal In
English
-
some business letters and legal documents For example, although sornebody might say:
We're trying to find out where she is, in formal English this might be written as:
to ascertain her whereabouts, This is a rather extreme example as there has been a reaction against this type of language. However, it is still important to recognise this kind of formal language and to know its less formal equivalent.
Complete each sentence by using each word from the following list. At the end of each sentence write its less formal equivalent. Make sure you use the correct form of the verb. anticipate comprehend elapse
L He went into
We are endeavouring
facilitate
perceive purchase
. . .
.
require undertake
. . .
terminate
a brooch for his wife.
2. After
)
.
the
)
5. We shaH
more fimdingif
the contract.
)
to repay the
money
9. We feel that the Directors have completely failed unsuitable the site is. ( )
.
to
how
48
36 Special areas
3 Investing
8.
S. 10.
11.
b. bull d. steg a. bear e, dog put of Tve part the money into an instant account, b. meess d. entrance a. access c. exit Bonde issued by the government am often known as b. guilte d. debits e, golds c, gilts What kind of investment? I can expect on my b. prize d, return a. reward e, surplus You should have as diversified a of shares as possible. b. file d. folder a, ease e. portfolio In real the $1,000you invested would be worth $5,000 today, b. facts factura d, a. words terms e, The higher the risk you the more money you could make, b, do d. invest a. take e, make The market has been extremely few past over the years, b, wavering d, moving a. volatile e. ahocking
. . . .
. . . .
stock marlret a return on an investment Look through the sentences again and underline any other weni partnershipa you find.
49
e you did
37 Social English
2
response
Complete each of these conversations with an appropriate below. Use each response ance only,
a. b. I don't
think so,
e.
CL
e. g,
h.
i.
j.
k.
L
Yes. As a matter of fact, it's my hobby, Reception's as good a place as any. Just a fnt juice, please, Yes we must. II look forsvard to it. Fm afraid not. It was fully booked, Oh you shouldn't have! Thank you! You're welcome. It's difficult to say at this stage. Oh t doesn't matter. Not at a1L Go ahead. Do you think you could make it a bit earner?
you?
terrar c4v
ar
sva
Bacorer
you
.
rues
a_
1....................,......
E....
..
.....-.
...
wout.o
you
emvo
14 i
t;w asesta
t've
racorrev
3.
4. 50
t'U.
Prek
Vou
e?
av
s ao.
RAVN'y
WE
NAY
so.reusene
..
seron?
..
g
5..,...........,............
40
You
\
..,,
'
6...
W U. ACP/
..
..
..
..
TWE
THINA
NAV (Oy
Yoo
of
TRA<N FNoreg
vi
.......
...,..........,,
8..
TNANks
....
...
E Maar
4/rv
JONE
nua oc PVAff,
AN Ht,
YOUR
-
li
. ..
A.
........,
/l
. ....
10
....
...........
JNRG
MET.?
DJ'O 7
700
Af4^dtys
?"N
TN"."A7",7?
/
11.
,.... .......
\
.....
.4
\
......
.
12........ M
.....
38 Applying I
f you have an opportunity
your vocabulary.
for a job
to read job advertisementa in English, use them to Notice especially how certain werde and phrases keep build recurring. You can also find information about the kinds of things people are expected to do in the jobs advertised.
A.
with a word or phrase
Below you will see some extracts from job advertisements. Fill in each blank from the following list. Use each item once only.
team
required skills
thorough training
Our new 200-seat restaurant is opening in May and we are looking for waiters, waitresses and 1......... If you are a friendly and 2, person who is not afraid of 8........ we have the
. , , ,
.
jobandhourato4.........you.
For more information, 5.......
Typist/Receptionist between experience 80 and of
. .
Relen on 443021.
.
6.
for
a 7.
Typi
S.
10
and
computers.
TELEPHONESALES EXECUTIVE work hard and can use their own We want a positive person who is 9.........to speaking 10... You must be livelyand haveagoodseneeof hurnouranda IL voice,
... ... , ..,
. ...
the benefits of
The
14,,
have
had
15.,
.cf ,
.
book
keeping
and
banking The
secretarial
well
10.
.
plus
the
An 19..
salary
is
offered
as
as a company
20,.
52
B.
Now you will see extracts from two letters about the advertisement for an scoounts clerk, Fill in each blank with a woni fom the following list. Use each word once only. as audio available consider
Dear Sir With reference
interamed 1,
. . . . .
.
enclose enquiries
form
further in
position with
favourably for
opportunity
take to
your
advertisement for
in today's
. .
'Moming
Newa'.
am
2,
applying
, , .
the 5.
. .
of accounts
company.
Cou3d you
please
send me 4,
details
and an application 5,
Yours fait,hfvBy
Dear
Sir like
.
I would campany I
to
apply
&
,,
the
position
of
accounto
clerk
vlth
your
7.,,......my
present
fortn.
I am at
TV
S........,
include and
a escretary
in
the copy
accounts typng
at
Industries,
9.........and 11,,,,
,,,,
10.........cotraspondence
Twice
I
telephone
to
a week I have
to
been
gong
eKariti.nati.co
evenog
in
classes
tTwee
in
book-keeping
and
intend
12.,,s.....an
for the
months,
like
I am apply].ng
leere
position
because
I would
en 18........,
to
make
use
of
be 14........,for
that you will
15.........my
application
14,,.
..
faithfully
53
la
39 Past tense
to check if a verb is irregular when you learn a new one. Remember also that some verbs that end in ed in their past form have changes in their spelling, for example:
Remember
try tried
stop
stopped
Complete each of the sentences by using the past form of one of the verbs on the left and combining it with one of the words on the right. Use each verb once only. Some words on the right are used more than once. bring carry come
draw 1. We give
lay
leave
pay
. , , , . . . .
rely run
stiek stop
back forward
in
set stand
. . . . . . .
.
off on out
to
over
up
2. They
3. He was bankrupt
4.
but he
. . . . .
a company in his
name.
for Claire
.
while
,
conference.
refused
on strike when
. . . .
. .
the management
to
6. On
7. They
8. Tbey
the meeting
. . . . , , , .
9. Unfortunately we a supplier who was not able he with promised, the had components us
. . . . . . .
10. They
12,
half
18. He
his mind.
14. They
the money they had borrowed only after threatened to take them to const.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
40 Special areas
Accounting
Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence, 4. translate c, invent 2. The bookkeeper keeps a record of every fmancial d. transcription b. transaction e, entry a. action 3. It's essential to the invoice number in any correspondence. d. tell b. quote c. say a. estimate
. ,
. . . . .
of the invoice goes to the customer, another copy goes to Sales, and we keep the other one here in Accounts, d. account b. issue e, top copy a, photocopy with our supplier over this invoice so don't pay it until 5, We're in you hear from me, d. distrema b. dispute e, agreement a. argument
4. The
. , , , , , ,
.
8. We send a a. reminder 7. If
h. remainder
. . . . .
to customere
, ,
.
their accounts,
them
d, laid down
of about 100,000, d, wage c. salary Our reserves, 9. Buying that new machinery has serionely depressed 4. deprived depleted depreciated b, c. a,
. . .
10. By examining
and other dpenments we were able to the balance find out that the company was not doing as well as they claimed, d. sheet b, ledger e, secount a, alip 11. Surely we can set some off these expenses tax. 4. from h, for e, on a, against 12. The rent for the office is already 8 monthe d. overdue b, in the red c, in demand a. overtime 13. Due to the economic climate we have had to more bad debts this year than ever before. d, note down b. write off c. find out a. ten off
. . . . . , . . ,
. .
.!
..
to keep trading? d. currency b, expenses e, accounts a. capital assets. 1. Such items se buildinge and machinery are known aa Current liquid fixed d. b. hidden c. a.
14. Do
working
55
41 Important
adjectives
is often a poblem in English. It is a good idea to make Este of words difficult yourself regularly on them. you When you make two lists with the words and see how many mom examples you can think of.
find Spelling to spell and test have done the exercise below,
Is an
"a'or an
'e
missing from
connd nt consist at
const ut conveni nt curr at
extravag at insolv ut
nt redund nt relev nt
reluet
signine nt
Now complete the following sentences by using one of the each adjective once only. 1. Ym
. .
atUeetivesabove. Use
.....
without
. . . .
any difficulty,
. . . .
the regulations
. .
to your
work,
way.
.
solution.
campaign had a
. . . . . . . .
..
..
..
when
updating
10, I hope interest rates don't stay at 11. The company fell unexpectedly 12. I wish they had a more you are with them! 13. It was 14. He's
, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
the
from its
.
market position.
policy
to invest any
. . .
15. We are
42 Word partnerships
Match each adjective on the left with a noun en the right to form common partnerships, Use each word once only. Write your answers in the boxes,
Set 1
L continnous 2. fundamental 3, illustrated 4. multi-national 5. patential a. aid
1 2 8 4
disagreement
6
7 8
g. reply h. supply
Set 2
Now do the same with L advanced 2. alternative 8. close 4. competitive 5, B. 7, 8.
these words.
arrangements b, attention
s. 1 2 8 4 5 8 7 8
considerable essential
manual raw
technology
Now complete each aantence using a suitable expression fkom above, 1. We can't use
to pay
to everything he does.
57
e. framework
.
with inflation, 8. We feel that salaries should at least keep place stin b. d, pace e, a. step 4. They proposed to minimise the effect of redundancy by relying on
...
b. waste
. . .
i collecting c. collective 6. Depending on the result of the ballot, they may a strike, b. call d, de c. make a. name 7. If they work to the job might not be completed on time. rule b. order d, regulation a. c. rules 8. The increase will be on employees agreeing to a scheme to improve
.
. . . . . . .
productivity.
a. linked
8.
b. connected
c. dependent
d, joined
. . . ,
to cross the
stop
e, picket
line, i boundary
the.
.......
strikes,
The employers tried a b. markup a. lock-up 12. We've decided to recommend a halfday
. . .
. . . .
d. mad bull c, bald eagle to force the staff to accept their terms, d. knock4cwn c, lockout
. . . . . . . .
claim.
b, token d. symbol a. voucher o. backing 18. As we agreed to arbitration, wem have to accept the decision. b. free d. party a. voluntary e, binding 14. They voted to and try to prevent the factory from closing. d. set up b, sit out a, set out c. sit in I. As the unions have concentrated on the lower-paid workers in previous have been eroded, negotiationes b. definitions d, differentials e, demonstrations a. differences
. . ......
...
58
44 In the office
Can you name all the iteme below? Use each of these werde once only,
calculator
date stamp
guiHotine note pad
scales
ruler
etaples string
wastepaper
tray
bin
1,..,.
..
..,
2,
...
....,
8,,,,,
,..
4.
9,,.
...
.....
10....
..
11.,.........
12.
13,..
......,,,
14.............
15.........,...
10..
..
..
Now look at
can remember.
the page for one minute and then cover it. See how
59
Combine a noun from the list en the left with a preposition from the list on the to complete each sentenee. You must use each noun once only, but each poposition can be used more than once. congratulations effect emphasis
experience
.
. . . . . .
access admiration
chance confidence
result
solution
for in of on to
2. The rise in interest rates has had a considerable of furnitu and kitchen appliances. 3. By
sales
we
, , .
shall gain
. . .
new
markets.
they find a
this storage
, , . . . .
problem
soon!
6. To cater for the growing have had to put on three extra courses
.
. .
this
information year,
technology,we
7. Is
there any
8. We need
to put mom
Thereseemedtobelittle........
for more flexibility.
........
salary in return
resigning.
It's up
to them to dismiss me if
winning
of the expressions form of the verb? Look are followed by the again forms. and underHae the The examples through the sentences on this page show again the importance of word partnerships.
ow
many
-ing
60
46 Two-word
expressions
Join one woni on the left with one from the right to make a two-word partnership. Use each word once only. Write your answera in the boxes.
1 2
3
4 5 _6 T 8 10 H 12
_13 _14
mail rnanagement
market
pie prodnetivity
quality
j.
14. salary
15 16
Now complete each sentence with one of the expressions. 1. If you produce above 2, Working on this
. .
3. A big multi-national
has made a
. . . . .
6. According
...,
last year.
advertising
chauffeur
assembly person
receptionist
salesperson
responsibilMies arid selection. tammunicatian tkille arid a pragmatic waysach to my niem soimists anential.
With mechanical design to work as a member of a Icum producing designe and drawing for producti""Expertence of our product range is not emmmlial,
experience
Duties include filing, malling, recepflon Cind ottier general office work.
relfef
3..............................
Needed for night shift. Clean modern factory.Varied work, Good eyesight essential.
4..-..........-....,.......
Successful applicantwiFIbe arliculateand presentattle. Remunera1ion includes retainer and car allowarice plus commissionstructure.
5..,.......................-... 62
O.........................
Must be experienced to the of repair and maintenance heavy duty vehietes, Referer must be provided from pwvious employers.
9..............................
10... in the
....
.........
....
Some OXperience
obove-ITrentoned
meter
for 6P
"""
"
You will
be
and
11.,............,...............
12..
...
did you notice word partnerships e you were reading the advertisements, skille ? communication control and such as financial and how again many more you can find. Look through the advertisements see Complete each of the sentences below with a suitable word partnership
from
taken
the
advertisementa.
to add to our
. . .
.
of this team, We can't do without her. but it ruins your social life 8. You get more money if you work on the
. ,
4. He had a very to solving problems. 5. I didn't get the job as a driver as I didn't have a with 8. My are health and safety but im also concerned welfare of ernployees.
.......
the general
63
i a
48 Special areas
Choose the best alternative
1, Insurance a. llfe
6 Insurance
..
b, rish
c. chance
. . . . . .
d, misfortune
takers. to most
is incomprehensible
c. rates
d, invoices
3. The company will the policy,holder against loss of or damage to the insured vehicle. be respect d. engage a. identify e. indemnify 4. Insurance companies like you to your claim as soon as possible. b. submit d. proceed a. process e, assum
... .. . . . . . . . . .
5. Go to an insurance........
a, bnker
. .
.
b. broker
6. In these inflationary times it is important to keep the value of your policy closely to the value of your property, b, linked d, dependent a, adapted e. indicated
. . . . .
7. My insurance a. range
of cover,
, , . ,
. .
d, standard
. .
8. His insurance company had told him not to admit was clearly his fault. b. likelihood a. legality e. liability
even though it
cL crime
....
a. Boat The
. . . . .
form you fill in is the basis of your contract with the insurance b. application
will be
.
company. a, proposition
12. The insurance
c, enrolment
d, proposal
a. void
b.
valid
.
. .
for
d. permission
acefdental damage.
d. from
49 Expressions
with
'take'
'take'
Complete eneb sentence with the correct form of below. Use each werd once only. can chair
charge consideration 1. You should accidental damage.
. .
the list
down further
home off
. . . . . . . . . . .
on out over
risk
seriously steps
up
2. We had
to
8. When all the transport costs have been fact made a loss. 4. Sales reaHy
. . . . ... . ..
. . . . . .
into
........
we
have in
after
television.
5. A good sales rep can
. . . . . , , , . , ,
. .
6. Irmy phonerings,couldyou.....,,,
......,.tosee
the,,,.....forme?
7, We must........
result of
8. If
the
at the meeting?
very
. . .
8. He didn't seem
10,
Don't
this
.
...
Angela. Ym just
. . . . . .
thinking aloud,
within
to
of our Canterbury
branch,
14. Ym not sure if there is a market anywhere without........ a 15. They decided not to for other potential purchasers,
. . ........now
for this kind of poduct but you don't get and again,
. , , , , . .
Notice
expressions using
are. UnderHne
all the
65
50 Colourful M
language
them and
who write about business like to use idiomatic expressions any Journalists what make they say more interesting to the reader. to As some of these expressions occur regularly, it is important to understand note
them down.
Complete each of the sentences with one of the words or phrases below. Use each itern once only. carry the can a dawn raid
on the grapevine ride rough-shod ride the storm stamp teething problems
.
rubber
to
. . .
the housewife with special ofTers. in the first few months, the new system has proved to be a
,
. .
of appraisal interviews,
a topic which he
4. If you over your opponents you should not be surprised if they take opportunity every to get their revenge. her position in the 5. She accuses some of the directors of trying to company. 6. They had heard that he was thinking of leaving.
. . .
. . .
....
after
, , , ,
to
.
took a be much worse than anyone had expected. IO. Over 17 million was the value of the company after it was announced that they had made a substantial loss. 11. She's been as a risk-taker but in fact she's usually a very cautions
. . .
9. The pound
the firm collapsed. until things had calmed down. yestenlay when the trade figures turned out to
, , ,
, .
person.
the new policy. in the rush for profits. 13. Inevitably many new products 14. They gained control of the company after that caught the directors and the stock market completely by surprise. 65p to 85p. 15, The bad news caused the shares to
12. The committee did
........
.......
66
51 Confusing
words
5. I enclosed a complementsloompliments 8. Do
economieleconomical
from
the meeting.
17. Please send me your latest catalogue and price/prize 18. We've increased produce/productivity
Now
see if you can write a new, correct sentence using the inoormet word from each of these sentences. This win help you to remember how to use
67
|
Ik
sentences.
basic to keep looking for words that are formed from the same WOKB in (O words yggiself, Try and Use lists Make of these the test This will help you to remember them.
Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in capital letters, In some cases you will have to make a negative form by using the prefix
die- or un-.
1. MANAGE
Since the
The
. . . . .
buy-out profits have risen sharply. Director sent a letter to every member of staff,
. .
.......
steps.
so how much do you think I should ask for? with the union have broken down.
,
8. OCCUPY The block has been since the fire. Dust is an hazard in this factory.
. . . . , , ., . . . . . . . ,
4. OPERATE by tomorrowmorning. The oil rig should be in profit of at least 20 million france next year. We expect an should The scheme be fully by this time next year. unable The switchboard to find the person I wanted. was
. . . . . . . .
.......
..
6.
.
ORIGIN
. .,
intended to close only three of our branches. We idea is said to have frern the Sales Department. The perhaps too much, in fact, Her proposal showed a lot of.
,
. .
rate of interest. 68
8. PRODUCE
The new model should be in The finished must leave
, , , ,
. . . .
in thme months. the factory in perfect condition, Ymafraid our talks with the manufacturera have been Any bonus will be paid every 4 months.
. . . , . . . .
. .
9. FROFIT
Any line which proved was immediately discontinued, employed in other departments? Oculdn't some workers he more of the business. Doubts have been expressed as to the
. . . . . . . , , , , , , . , , , , , , , ,
..
10.
RESTRICT
.
. . . . . . .
They have imposed on the sales of certain electronic goods. practices Such trade are not in the public interest. information is I'm afraid access to this
. , , , . .
.
can anybody get from working on an assembly line? outcome. We hope the discussions with our creditors will have a with The customer was the service and complained to the boss.
,
. . .
12.
approach in
, . . . . .
this survey
..... . . .
18.
SUIT of
a great
. . . .
rate is suggestions
, , , , ,
O 2.= sa,
....es
ar w.,,are....ws,
for ,
job eatisfaction
you can find in the sentences. 89
r
i
trade
1. Many countries, such as the United Kingdom and New Zealand, dependent on international trade, are b. heavily d. grossly a. favourably e. perfectly 2. The fact that labour costs are lower in other countries us at a
. . . . . . . . . .
b, does d. sells a. makes c. puts 3. If a country has a and importers exporters may have to currency, keep changing the pris of their goods, 4. floating b. flying a, swimming e, flowing in certain commodities so that they are not 4. Some countries try to be dependent on imports. b. auf ficient d. self-financing c. self-sufficient a, economic 5. It's better to start exporting on a small and then expand if things go
. . .
tremendous disadvantage,
, , , ,
well,
d.rate h. measurement a. measum e, scale 6. Because of high shpping costs, it made mon sense to a manufacturer to produce our range of furniture. d. handle h. lease as license e, ontrol 7. The government has imposed protective tariffs to stop the of cheap imports which threatened to destroy domestic industries, d. storm b. famine c. flood a. rain 8. Some manufacturers were accused of in other words selling goods abroad at a lower price than they wem sold domestically. d, devaluation b. revaluing c, flooding a. dumping port. 9. Employing more staff has reduced our in time the b. tum-round d. turnover c. turn back a. turning 10. The technical for electrical equipment can vary from country to
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
country.
13. 14.
15.
d. uniforms e, specifications duty. customs d. with b, to c. of a. for contains details of the goods, their Among other things, a destination and the name of the ship carrying them, b. way-bill a. bill of lading e. bill ofexchange 4, receipt The person the goods are sent to is caBed a consignee d. master a. consignor e, commissioner She looked at the to ebeek where the goods were produced. 4. trade mark a. Certificate of origin b. test certificate e, postmark Because of the recession, several ships have been laid b, out 4, up a. off c, down
.
. .
70
54 Colour idioms
|
look when he
..
8. We're waiting
campaign.
for the
down in
...
and
6. Among the
tricked! tape and speed up the decisiom to say who exactly has
. .
10. The company found itself several thousand pounde in the spending so much on improving its production line. 11. We lose millions in economy.
12. They'm looking
after
tax
. .
revenue
for a
, , , ,
18, Then, out of the she offemd me a job managing her new restaurant. You can imagine my surprise.
, , , ,
14. We have
...
.,
customers,
15. The dramatically
, , .
spots.
to allocate more
71
to unemployment
55 Adjective
and preposition
'
Combine an adjective from the list on the left with a preposition from the list on the right to complete each seatence. You must use each adjective once only, but each preposition can be used more than once.
acceptable
eligible envious
familiar popular
.
. . . . . . . . .......
for of on to with
they must be
over the
will
be
.....
....
at any
. . , , , , , , . . . .
time.
, , , ,
they
5.
....
6. Our new range of toya has proved very have watched the television programme. 7. Any decisions made must be marketing strategy, engneer is 8, The maintenance least once a week. 9. Em not........ exporting to those countries,
........any , , . .... . .
children who
......
regulations
thatshould preventusfrorn
. . . . .
understanding
,
. . . . . . . .
German.
.
.
our
using
.,......them,
termaarefully........
. . . . .
15. He was so
72
56 Word partnerships
Match each verb on the left with a noun on the right to form common partnerships, Use each word once only. Write your answers in the boxes
Set 1
1, attend 2. consult 3, estabneh 4. issue a. b.
a compromise a conference
|_3
i 2
4
5 6 7
Set 2
Now do the same with 1. Hocate
these wonia,
a. b,
2. break
3. clinch
a deal a demand
_4
1 2 3 5 6 _7
g, standards
tasks
.....
to
on
8. If they're threatening
4. How easy is it
you
d better
to
57 Special areas
8 Personnel
2.
reprimand.
d. overt
departments. a. revolution
7. After
, , , . .
. . .
b. recycHug
our b. valuing
4, rotation d. validating
is based on
b. stick
hole."
d. peg
examination. d. medicinal
e, medical
10. Training new staff is b, priceless a. costly 11. We can't use a. sexual
12.
...... ..
d. cost-effective
h. sexy
-
titles such as
.. . , ,
e. sexist
We have a policy of our own employees first for any vacancies. b, considering d. telling a. thinking e, asking
. , , . . . . .
13. As part of the process, Personnel check each applicant's qualifications before considering them for interview. b. warning d, forecasting a. monitoring c, screening
14.
Tests are used to measure the applicant's for the job. b- success d. aptitude a. attitude e, discrimination
. . . . .
. . .
74-
15, The personnel department helps each new eroployee. b. orienteering a, orientation
to organise an
programme
for
e, inducement
, . . . . ,
16. If we have to dismiss an employee this means the failed in some way, b, chosen e, selection a, selective 17. Highly-skilled jobs are usually advertised in the
.
d. choice
. . . , , , ,
media,
such as
technical magazinee.
d, disemtion 20. Some of the employees wem not happy about the introduction of a yearly
h, harmony
e, discrimination
interview. d. appropriation b, appraisal e, appreciation a. approval 21. Her work was beginning to suffer because of family d, commitments b. commissione c. competition a, committees with a job they find 22. After a time employees may feel they are
. . . . .
.
tedious,
a, glued
. . . , ,
28.
24.
25, 26.
4. attached b. stuck c. fastened unfortunately has he His work is generally satisfactory but against his supervisor, a d. grudge b, dissatisfaction e. disagreement a. hatred me? Tm not the only one *Why does the personnel manager always who comes late!" 4, pick out b. pick on c. pick with a. pick up we sometimes make loans to employees, In cases of d. hard sell. cash hard b. hardship c. hard labour a, unorthodox may In R & D. for example, employing someone
, , ,
. . . .
..
produce stimulating
. .
a, slightly 27. A complete moment they am appointed. 4. diary L. paper c, dossier a, document is essential so that staff know that their efforts are 28. Positive
. . . . , ,
.
ideas. d, hardly b. scarcely c, lightly staff from the ia kept on every senior meniber of
appreciated,
a. feedback
b, discrimination c, commentary
75
d, notification
58 Expressions
with
'in'
emember to keep looking for examples of words which cambine together to form common expressions. There are several expressions in EngHab using povositions, If yon look up one of these expressions in a dictionary you will sometimes find it under the pposition. Of'ten, however, you have to look under the noun. Hem are some expressions with
'in'.
them before
with
to
in transit
Put the correct expssion from each expression once only. 1. We regret that
we
are not
. . , ,
...,
wants to reduce
.
He is heavily did.
. .. . . .
5.
it was 8,000
the payment
.. .
.
and the st
when
in our warehouse.
this
the information
installing
...
with
the rent.
from 70
59 Advertising
Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence, Look up any words you don't know.
1. With effective advertising a company can become a b.household c, housewife's a. house 2. We need an effective campaign b. set ont a, fire
. . . . . ,
name. d. home
,
.
to
, ,
a, break
b, breakage
. . . . . ,
d. interval d, reach
4. appeal
in
a, trap
b, catch
e, find
.
6. We need a name for the product which will b, attract e, succeed a. draw 6. They decided homes. a. shot
to teenagera.
to do a mail
b. shoot
to get
people interested
their holiday
c. trial
.
. . .
d. list
7. All advertisers must obey the industry's a. practice code b, code of practice e, practical code 8. Advertising on a, peak
d. code word
. , , ,
television is
b, high
very expensive
during e, audience
viewing
hours,
4. big
would appeal
the
audience,
.
to
a. aim
b, arrival
.
d. target
d. came
11. Advertisers look at each newspaper's where to place their advertisements, b. population a, circular 12. As part of our service we provide b, point-of-sale a. selling point
. . .
.
c, circulation
. . . .
d, revenue 4. salemmanship
display materiaL
c. appointed
. . . . . .
. .
a. emptumd
b, slave
a, copy
exhibition. Fill in each blank by usng a word or phrase each item once only, emphasis enter field
speakers
Below you will see an extract from a letter giving information about a business from the Kat below. Use
enelosed may
great pleasure look forward up to date
company details
comprehensive range ideal opportunity new feature
complimentary
tickets
We have 1.,
in snelosing
two 2.
for
Beene Exhibition. As your business grows it is import.ant to keep 8. developments. With over 400 exh.ibitors this year bigger and ehter than ever.This is the 4. the latest products, servlees and publications.
, , , , , , . , . . . . . , ,
.
the to see a 5.
Exhibition
. .
Of
A 6.
of the Exhibition
this year is a 7,
.
.
On
international
around the world trade and investment. Distinguished 5. will give their views on the changes taking place. Speela19.. will be given to the ever-increasing role of the new teelmologies especially in of international communications. the 10.,
, , , , . ,
from
At the end of each lecture the 18eues ralsed. As you will see from
for 11..
of
venue 13,
the Rahibition takes place at a the 12,. only a few minutes' walk from the station.
. -
The Thrhibition
is
. . . .
your names and 15.. and bring your tickets to the business show
. . , .
Simply 14..
of the yearl
We 16,
61 Word partnerships
6
'of',
a you use English in business you meet several expressions using example: exchange of contracts brand of soap
for
of.....,,,... of
. , , , , , , . . . .
absence
charges
code
of
of
contract convenience
earnings
.
of
of
embarkation
eror
of of
8. port 9. rate
10. scale
11.show
hands living
of.,-,.......
of
. . , , , . . . . ,
.
notice
of...........
of
. . . .
practice
, , , ,
.
12. standard
return
Now complete the following by using an expression from above, 1. She looked for an investment 2. The shipaails undera,,..... 8. They sued him for
, , , , ..
. .
with a better
tosave money,
as
the work
.
on time.
the motion by a
62 Social English
Match
the sentence on the left with a suitable response on the right. Use each
a, b.
c.
d.
e. f.
the chances of
g.
h. i.
9. Thursday morning would suit me fine. 10. You haven't got bia phone
j.
k. L
123456789101112
Can you think of any more msponses you could give to the sentences on the left? 80
63 Special
areas
9 The law
to prevent
2. 3.
4.
5.
8, 7.
8.
b, responsibil.ity d, status e, claim c, action 9. As this is the first case of its kind it realy depends on how the court......,,thelaw, b, translates d. performa e, explains a, interprets 10, They proved that the accident was the sult of his negligent responsibility b, negligence d, competence a. c. 11, They paid 1 millon in because of those faulty componente. damage b, d. etton compensation a. c. harm Ivgistered 12, We can't use that name becanae ita a b. patent d. copyright a. tmdemark c. logo should before 18. I think we signing any agreement. our lawyers d. consult h, contract c. consign a. confirm 14. The new law will strengthen against unfair dismissal. safegaanis h. prevention d. avoidance c. grants a. 15. Litigation is on the as consumera become more conscious of their
. . . . ........ . ....... . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
d. induction c. inducement Every business must operate within the legal of the country. b, standani d, requirement c. framework a, pattern They have changed the wording on the packing to the new regulations. d. take up b, come to e, call up a, comply with An employer is not allowed to discriminate en employee because of race or colour. b. between d. against c, with a. for You realise that you will be For any debts incurred if you sign this agreement? b. apt 4. bound c. Tiable a. likely If you fail to deliver on time you wlll te in of contract. d. hreach b. failum e. fault a. boak The company threatened to the newspaper for libel unless an immediate apology was published, b, sue d. Blander e. subject a. court Until you can prove you have a legal to the property, we are not popared to de business with you,
, , , , . . . .
. .
..
..
rights,
a, surge
b, escalation
c. development
81
d. rise
firmly
formally highly initially
instantaneously
irretrievably readily
whoHy
systematically
. . . . . . . .
1. The change-over must be carried out 2. Spare parts are 8. They are a 4. They have
why
. ,
. . . .
one step at a
time.
we
see no reason
wind
up
the company.
was for midday?
6. Are you
7. I
. . .
.
believe
ready
for a
9. l'mafraidtalkswith
10. We've
theunionshavebroken down.......,
.
successful,
decided to concentrate
try
markets.
.
on
to reply
. . .
. . .
to messages.
speech.
entertaining
tend to act.
in times of crisis.
partnerships
Now
the word
containing
these
82
65 Letters Booking
7 a hotel room
Below you will see parts of two letters concerned with booking hotel roome for a company. Put the correct word or phrase in each blank. Choose from the following list, Use each item once only. rates available meet reasonable suitable pleasure brochure require training sessione full board provide requirements urge quotation hesitate single without delay
A.
We intend to hold 1, for our sales representatives looking May next year and are for a hotel which provides 2, facilities.
.
. . . .
at the end of
Our 3.
are as followr,: I room for lectures capable of seating approximately 80 people 6 amaller rooms for seminars capable of seating 10-12 people
. . . . .
60-60 4.
If you can 5, bosse facilities, for 6 nights 7, your 6, and finishing with lunch on Friday.
. . . .
. .
to receive on Tuesday
We look forward
to
hearing
from you.
B.
Thank you for your letter conference facilities,
. . . .
of Oth September,
-
inquiring
about our
and price list our 8, As you will see, we should be able to 9, what we conalder to be very 10. At the moment our rooms arW still IL
, , , , , . . , , . . . .
. . .
I have enclosed
your
requirements at
for
If you 14..
any further
information,
please
do not 15..
to
88
66 Increasing
what
efficiency
be made
yours.
more ways can an exercise see can write down in English at least 5 In text, see if any ponts are the same as
if you
organisation
Remember that predicting what somebody is going to practise and build your vocabulary.
Fill each blank with the correct word partnership partnership once only.
put off unpleasant tasks delegate routine taske
from
time-consuming way
unnecessary
paperwerk
have a meeting
skip over
Be ruthless.
Essential 3,
. . . . .
paperwork should be organised into 2..... can find what you want quckly.
. . .
so
4,
them first.
Never 5.
. .
.
It is best to deal with them as soon as possible or you will them and 6..
. . .. . . . .
Know when to stop. If you are too much of a perfectionist, you win concentrate on one task and not leave enough time to do the others. Don't try to do everything yourself. Make sure, however, that the 7. subordinate is competent enough to carry out the task.
. . . . . . . . .
Cut meetings to a minimum. Ask yourself if a meeting is essential er if the issues could be dealt with in a less 8.
. . . . .
. .
restrict it
and stiek to it. This should At the beginning of a meeting 10.. concentrate everbody's mind and avoid unnecessary anecdotes etc.
Learn 12.,
, ,
the non-easential text and the art of speed-reading. 11.. f'acta the message, the important
. , , . . . . ,
. . . .
84
10
2. Weigh up the of each alternative before deelding. d. profits a. checks and balances b. assets e, pros and cons
, , , , , , , ,
situations,
touching
d, touchy
d. fla up
4. He decided to let
things
a. freeze
. .
b. ice over
so he dropped
c, cool down
5, She
...
coating
a. set about
8. We need
7.
a better atmosphere amongst the staff, d, set down b, set off c. set out
. .
a, container
to have
purposes, d. opposing
. . . . .
8. Why doesn't he stick to the point? He's always going off b, at a tangent c. hy the way a. at an angle
4, on the side
d, opposite
a deadline,
d, working party e, work-to-rule 11, Those who can't manage their time efficiently always have high b. working practice
,
is not
too great,
b. etandards
. . . . . . . .
d, levels e, performances the more mistakes she made, d. took out c, took down
. ,
.
13. I hope the project continues to run ao as it has so far, confidently smoothly d. wisely calmly b, o. a,
, ,
. . .
14. After
many unforeseen
to meet their
deadline.
a. overtaking
h. overcoming
..,
d. overriding
15. What can we do to impove b. mortality a, morale As usual, look for and underline
in
d, temperament
Answers
1.draft 2.answer the phone, attend 1 a confennee, cash a cheque, join a team, program a computer 3.competitors, competition, competitive, competitively 4.drew, led, rose, spread 5.appoximately, Company, kilogram(me), FREE ON
BOARD
2 1.compaign, classified ad., commercial, poster 2.check in, reservation, room service, weekend rate 3.apply for, interview, overtime, training, 4.agenda, A.G.M., chairperson, minutes 5.exchange rate, owe, profit, refund 6.fax, filing cabinet, stapler, telex 3 1.calendar 2.filing cabinet 3.umbrella 4.VDU 5.printer 65iles 7,pbone 8.keyboard 9.diary 10.passport 11.vase 12.rubber (eraser) 13.pen 14.penefl 15.map 16.cheque book 4 1.Dear 2.advertisement 3.current issue 4.latest catalogue 5.price list 6.forward 7.faithfully 8.reference 9.information 10.particularly 11.model 12.still available 13.advise 14.payment 15.discount 16.price range
5 Set 1 Le S.d 3.c 4.a 5.g 6.f 7,b S.h set 2 1.h 2.a 3.d 4.e 5.f 6.b 7.g 8.c 1.offer a discount 2.export goods 3.pay tax 4.arrange a meeting
forward 7,thought down 4.dealt with 5.read ofT3.found out 3,kept bach 6.put up 10.broke down 11.sold over 8.got throughlon 9.built out 12.shut down IB.went on 14.rang backlup 15.took off 16.heard from
1.cut
...
...
...
...
...
1.c 2.d 3.j 4.i 5.b 6.k 7.18.h 9.a 10,f 11.g 12.e 1.industrial
espionage 2.book a
8 I.advertising 2.affect 3.lend 4.postpone 5.inspected 6.delayed 7.eoooomics 8.interested 9.job 10.journey 11.living 12.measurements 13.rise 14.receipt 15.remind 16.tell 17.sensitive 18.stationery
9 1.withdraw 2.cash dispenser 3.issued 4.debited 5.emdt rating 6,financial institutions 7.commission 8.statement 9.in ful110.interest 1Loutstanding 12.standing order 13.eredit transfer 14.slip 15.salaries 16.banker's draft (also called a hank draft)
10 1.e 2.i 3.a 4.j 5,16.b 7.k 8,e 9.h 10.d 11.g 12,f 11 1.enquiry 2.pleasure 3.further details 4.besitate $.sincerely S.full details 7.supply S.enquiring 9.in production 10.enclosed leaflet 11.additional featuree I2.competitive price 13.range 14.In addition 15.date 16.doing business
86
12 1.h 2.f 3.m 4.d 5.k 6,c 7.n 8.i 9.1 10.b 11. 12.g 13.e 14,o 15.j 1.woni pocessor 2.omoe block 3.exchange rate 4.job satisfaction 1.laser printer 2,answer phone 8,burglar alann 4.cordless phone 5,fax machine S.computer 7.diary B.office chair 9-partitioning 10.photocopier 11.aignmaking kit 12.alack 13.briefease 14.pocket calculator 15,pen 16.table lamp
13
14 1,unacceptable, acceptance 2.action, active, activity 3.additions, additional 4.analysis, analysts 5.applicant, application, applicable 6,assistance, assistant 7.attractions, attractive 8,commercial, commercially, commercialised/ized, commercials 9.connecting, connection, connectiona 10,contractor, contractua.lly 11.directions, directors, directory, dioctly, directive 12.indecisive, decision 13.diffemuce, difTerent, differ 14.distributor, distribution 15.economisefize,
economists
15 Lpartial Rapproximate 3,internal 43ew 5-light 6.short 7.compulsory 8,fulltime 9,negative 10.private 11,complex 12.marked 13.basic 14.permanent 16 Set 1 La 2.h 3.b 4.e 5.g 6,f 7.d 8.c Set 2 1.a 2.h 3.e 4,8 5.h 6.c 7.f 8.g 1.introductory offer 2.annual conference B.early retirement 4.skilled workera
17
Le 2.e 3.g 4.j 5.d 6,k 7. 8.b 9.1 10,m 1Li 12,h 13-8 14.f
18 Leurrent issue 2.postage 3,quotation 4.range 5.terms 6,f<:dlowing 7.nate 8.reserve the right 9.accept delivery 10.acknowledge 11.line 12-regret 18.msume 14,inconvenience 15.supply 16,atock 19 Leompatible, data, program, software 2.closed shop, mediate, picket, atrike 3.actuary, claim, policybelder, premium 4.dumping, embargo, export, tariff 5,bears, shams, speculate, stock exchange 8.judge, legal, sne, trial 20 Isaccurate 2,retrieve 3,supplies (.componente 5.transactions 6.records 7.input 8.keyboard 9.floppy 10.modem 1Llinked 12.eutput 13.sereen 14.ptinter 15.single 18.continuou.s 21 1.make 2.de 3,make 4.make 5.do S.doing 7.made 8.make 9.doing 10-made 1Ldo 12,make 13.make 14,make 15.do 18.done 17.made 18.done 22 Lj ik 3.k 4.a 5.h 6.17.c S-g 9.e 10.f 1LI 12.4
28
delivery 4.passed 5.deducted 6.matter 7.further 13.dealing 1Lregret the delay 12.despatching 16.deter 14.mislaid 15,apologiee for
Luet 2.issue 3.promised
24 Lb 2.b 3. 4,e 5.d 8. 7.b 8,a 9.c 10.c ILa 12,e 13.b 14.c 15.c 16,b 25 Leold 2.taken over 8,made 4.said 5.overcome 6,built 7,won 8,epent 9.sent 14.lost 15.set up 18.stolen 10.told 1Lknown 12,held 13.underwritten
87
26 1.Board 2.Managing 3.Accountant 4.Administration 5.Manager 6.Personnel 7.Head 8.Salaries 9.Stoch 10,Mail 11,Processing 12.Market 13.Advertiaing 14.Control 15.Recruitment 16.Innovation 27 A 1.pointer 2.overhead projector 3,slide projector 4.handent 5.felt tip pen 6.sereen 7.pie chart 8.graph 9.bar chart 10.podium 11.notes 12.microphone 18.curtain 14.flip chart B 1.May I begin 2.at such short notice 3.As you know 4,purpose 5.up to date 6.First of all 7.Next 8.Finally S.priorities 10.draw your attention 11.As far as 12.as a whole 13.On the contrary 14.On the other hand 151n other words 16.to sum up 28 Set 1 1.e 2,b 3.g 4.e 5.h 6.d 7.f 8.a Set 2 1,e 2.b 3.f 4.h 5.g 6.a 7.c 8.d 1.reduce costs 2.arrange a demonstration 3.settle disputes 4.build a factory
29
Leonveniently 2.satisfactorily 3.widely 4.fully 5.financially 6.specially ?.eventually 8,absolutely 9.strictly 10.considerably 11.correctly 12.temporarily 13.virtuaIly 14-tacLfully 15,favourably 16.actively
30 1.h 2.c 3.a 4.d 5.8 6.e 7.a S.h 9.a 10.6 11.c 12.a 13.d 14.c 15.c SI Leomplimentary copy 2.recent publications 3.highly popular 4.extensively trialled 5.favourable response 6.suitable 7,recommend 8.experience 9.needs 10.featured 11,terms of payment 12.forther information 13.representatives 14.specially selected 15-value 16,confident 17.colleagues IB.subscriptica form 19.convenenee 20.eligible 32 Set 1 Lg 2.e 3.6 455.e 6.a 7.4 8,h Set 2 I.b 2.a 3.e 4.g 5.h 6.4 7 f 8.c Lmouth-watering recipes 2.highly-trained staff 3.perfect fit 4.atress-fme 33 Lrejected 2.demolishing 3.attacked 4,withdraw 5.accept 6,succeed 7.imposed 8,gained 9,lost 10,keep 11.lower 12.increase 13.complicate 14,strengthen 15.expanded 16,agreed 34 Lunemployment, employee, employer, employment 2.engaged, engagements 3.expensive, expenses, expenditure, expense 4.explanatory, explanation 5.extended, extension, extensively, extent 6.financial, financially 7.growing, growth S.impression, impressive, unimpressed 9.industrial, industrialist, industrialised/ired 10.inflated, inflation, inflationary 1Linformation, informative, misinformed 12.instructions, instruction 13.introductory, investors introduction 14.investment, 15,knowledge, unknown, knowledgeable 16.illegal, legality 85 Lpurchase (buy) 2.perceive (see) 3,elapsed (passed) 4.facilitate (make easier) 5.require (need) 6.terminate (end) 7.anticipate (expect) 8.undertaken (promised,agreed) 9.comprehend (understand) 36 Lb 2.d 3.a4-b 5.b 6.a 7.d 8,a 9.e 10.d ILe 12.d 13.a 14.a
driving
88
87
Ld 2.g 3,k 4.j 5.1 6,a 7,i 8,b 9,e 10.h I Lc 12.f
38 A 1,kitchen stafT 2,cutgoing 3.hard work 4,suit 5,contact 8.required 7.busy ofEice 8,preference 9.willing 10.initiative 1Lelear 12.thorough training 13.potential customers 14.successful candidate l.experience 16.skille 17.ability 18.team 19,attractive 20,pension scheme B Lto 2-in 3.position (.further .form 6,for 7,enclose 8,86 9.andio 10,with 11.enquiries 12.take 13.opportunity 14.available l.consider 16.favourably
39 1.ran out 2.carried out 3.set up 4.stood in 5-came out 6.stopped over/olf 7.drew up 8.brought... forward 9.lied on 10.gave in 11.Leftout 12.laid off 13.stuck to 14.paid back
40 1.a 2.b 3.b 4.c 5,b 6,a 7,b 8,b 9,b 10.d 11.a 12.d 13.b 14. 15,e 41 1.confident 2.relevant 3,efficient 4.insolvent 5,permanent 7,redundant 8.convenie.nt 9,constant 10,current 1Ldominant 13.extravagant 14.reluctant 15,dependent
6.significant
12.consistent
42 Set 1 1.h 2.f 3.b 4.d 5.e 6,g 7,e 8,a Set 2 1.h 2,a 3.b 4-f 5.e 6. 7.4 8-e 1.alternative arrangements 2,multi-national company 3.potential customer 4.elose attention 43 La 2.c 3.d 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.a 8.c 9.c 10.a 1Le 12,b 13.c 14.c 15.d 44 1 date stamp 2.guillotine 3.note pad 4.paper clips 5.pencil sharpener 6.punch 7,ruler 8.seales 9.scissors 10.etamps 1Latapler 12.staples 13.string 14.tray 15,wastepaper hin 16.calculator 45 Ladmiration for 2.effect on 3.access to 4.confidence in 5.solution to 6.interest in 7,chance of 8.emphasia on 9.experience of 10.point in 11.increase in 12,intention of 13.congratulations on 14.result of 4 Lg 2.i 3.n 4.c 5.k 8.p 7.j 8.o 9,d 10.111.e 12.b 18,f 14.m 15.h 16.a Lproductivity bonus 2.assembly line 3.takeover bid 4.market ocearch acale 6.balance aheet 5.salary
4.clerk 5.aesembly 47 LR&D Manager 2.pemonnel ofHoer 3.dmughtsperson 10.receptionst mechanic 7.accountant 8.chauffeur 6.salesperson 9,motor person 1Leomputer operator 12-advertising executive 1.existing range 2.easential member 3,nightshift 4,pragmatic approach 5-clean driving Reente 6-particular responsibilities 48 lb 2,b 3,c 4,b 5.6 6.b 7,a 8,c 9,b 10.d II,d 12.8 13, 14,b
49 1.take out 2.take on 3-taken considention 4.took off 5-take home 6.take call 7,take steps 8,take chair 9,take seriously 10-take down 1Ltaken over
.., ...
,,,
,,.
..,
12.take
...
...
risk 15.take up
89
ni
50 1.woo 2.teething problems 3,thorny poblem 4.ride rough-shed 5.undermine 6.on the grapevine 7.carry the can 8.ride the storm 9.befty knock 10.wiped off 11.type-cast 12,rubber-stamp 13 fall by the wayaide 14.a dawn raid 15.nase-dive 51 1.advice 2.hriefly 3.seat 4.check 5.complimente 6.conform 7.confidential 8,conselentious 9.economic 10.rebate 11.fee I2.income 18.industrial 14.mialaid 15.nates 16.takeover 17.price 18.productivity
52 1.management, Managing, manageable 2.negotiable, negotiations 3.unoccupied, occupational 4.operation, operating, operational, operator 5.optional, options 6.originally, originated, originality 7.pference, preferential S.production, product. unproductive, productivity S.unprofitable, profitably, profitability 10.restrictions, restrictive, restricted 11.satisfaction, satisfactory, dissatisfied 12.systematic, systematically 13.suitability, suitable 14.variety,
variable,
various
53 1,b 2.c 3.d 4.c 5,e 6.a 7.e S.a 9.b 10.c 11.h 12.a 18.h 14,a 15.d
white 6.white 7.red 8.red 9.grey 64 1.black 2.black 3.gmen 4.green 5,black 10,red 11.black 12.white 18.blue 14,red 15,green 16-black
,,,
56 1.familiar with 2.eligible for 3.available for 4.envious of 5.Contrary to 6,popular with 7.consistent with 8.responsible for 9.aware of 10.capable of 11,relevant to 12.accustomed to 13.acceptable to 14.dependent on 15.proud of 16,weR-known for 56 Set I 1.b 2.f 3.g 4.e 5.a 6.c 7.h 8.d Set 2 1.h 2.f 3,a 4.e 5.b 6.c 7,g 8.d I.aubsidise the staff canteen 2.pay duty 3.consult a lawyer 4.transfer funds 57 1.b 2.b 3.d 4,b 5,b 6,d 7.a 8.d 9.e 10.a 11.e 12.b 13.c 14.d 15,a 16.c 17.e 18.a 19.c 20.b 21.d 22.b 23.d 24-.b 25.b 26.a 27.e 28.a 58 1 in a postion to 2.in accordance with 8.in circulation 4.in debt 5.In round figures 6,in advance 7.in stock 8.in error 9.in due course 10.in the process of 11.in arrears 12.in transt 59 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.d 6.a 7.b 8.a 9.d 10.a 11.e 12.b 13.d 14.6
.5.comprehensive
60 1.great pleasure 2.complimentary tickets 3,up to date 4.ideal opportunity range 6.new feature 7.series of lectures 8.speakers 9.emphasis 10.field 11.in-depth discussion 12.enclosed map 13.conveniently situated 14.enter 15.company details 16.look forward 6.error 7,notice 9,return 10.charges 11.hands 12.living 1,rate of return 2.flag of 3.breach of contract 4.show of hands 5.code of practice
.5.earninga
62 1.h 2.] 3.e 4.j 5.k 6.h 7.a 8.e 9.f 10.g 11.112.d OS 1.h 2.c 3.a 4.d 5.e 6.d 7.b 8,a 9.8 10.e 11.b 12.a 13.d 14.a 15.4
90
84 1,systematice11y 2.readily 3.wholly 4.consistently 5.formally 6-absolutely 7,Iirmly S.convincingly S.irotrievably 10-initially 11.adversely 1.2.netantaneously 13.highly 14.unpdictably
85 Ltraining sessione 2.auitable 3.requirements 4.wingle 5.povide 6.guntation 7.full board 8.brochum 9.meet 10.reasonable rates 11.available 12.urge 13,without delay 14.mquim 15.hesitate 16.pleasure 06 1.unnecessary paperwork 2.separate folders 3.members of staff 4.Set off unpleasant tasks S.Loseconcentration 7.Delegate mutine priorities taske 8.time-consuming way 9.have a meeting 10.set a time limit 11,Skip over
-5.put
12.pick
out
47 1.b 2.e 3.d 4.c 5.a 6.0 7.c 8-b 9.c 10.a 11.d 12.b 13.c 14.h 15.8
91
Thenumbers
to exercises]
sygenzimate 15
aptitude 57 arrange a
acemvate20
accustomed to BB acknowledge receipt 18 metvapredictably t active 14 actively enconmged 29 netivity 14 netuary 19 addtian 14 udditional 14 additional featuras 11 eddress a meeting 28 adequate supplies 20 adminiet-ration allior 20 adwt liability 48 advanced tambnalogy 42 adversely 54 advertmment 4,8 advertising 26 advertising ogency 714 advertising exorative 4T advcc bl advin note 24 advim 4.51
afloei
demonstretion 25 arrange a meeting 5 av e result afl as a whale W As faras are concerned 2T As yen knew $7 asambly line 40
..,
unresubly peresa 47 mangger 14 at cross purposes 67 at short notice 2T attack SS attend a conference ljg attrnetion 14 mitmerve 14 attractive salary SS
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Build Your
words and
Business Vocabulary
phrases in a
law
sales
wide
accounts
banking
personnel
trade Suitable
exercises
insurance product
social
range
management
presentations
correspondence
for a very
wide
of students,
For
Lise
in class or at horne
exercises type
Variety of exercise
If you want to be able to say what you mean in business, is quite simply the most Build Your Business Vocabulary WOrd efficient way of increasing yOLif POWer.
THOIVISON HEINLE
Visit Heinle online at: www.heinie.com For your learning solutions: www.thomsonlearning.com
ISBN 0-9
6717-87-6
9 780908
717875 >