Professional Documents
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of Hollow slabs
1
Objectives of the Work
modeled one.
2
INTRODUCTION
3
Fig(a) Fig(b)
Fig(d)
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Hollow “or “solid block” formers as per BS : 8110 and materials as per
ASTM -C 90-[24.80], ASTM- C 55-[24.88], ASTM -C 145-[24.87].
Table 13.1of BS 8110, Weights of hollow clay block floor construction with 40 mm topping
Overall weight (kN/m2)
Analysis:
Analysis for moments and forces due to ultimate design loads in hollow slabs may be found
as per solid slabs, alternately can done as continuous T-beams simply supported.
v = (V / bv d)
Where ‘v’ is the shear force due to ultimate loads on a width of slab equal to the distance center
to center of ribs, and ‘bv’ is the average width of the rib and ‘d’ is depth of the slab..
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Guidelines against spalling (as per FIP considerations 1988 paper EN 1168).
(a) For the slab if spalling stress is generated on the strands for the section width or a whole
(b) A fracture mechanics design using FEM prove that no spalling cracks develop ,using
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Floor diaphragm action (as per Elliott, K.S., Davies, G. and Bensalem, K., Pre cast Floor
Slab Diaphragm without Structural Screeds, Concrete 200- Economic and Durable Construction
through Excellence, Dundee, sept 1993, pp 617-632)
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As well as to wind loading, the floor diaphragm may also be subjected to additional horizontal
forces, such as
(a) Horizontal forces due to lack of verticality,
(b) Temperature and shrinkage effects,
(c) In-plane forces as a consequence of accidental loading, abnormal loading.
Floors under seismic action:
The forces transmitted to the structure are related to many parameters; depend both on ground
motion and on the structural behavior.
Ductility is the main feature preventing large damage during strong quakes..
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ADVANTAGES OF HOLLOW CORE SLABS:
-Provides excellent fire resistance. Depending on the strand cover it can endure up to
4 hours.
-Provides the efficiency of a pre stressed member for load capacity, span range and
deflection control.
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Structural Modeling of Hollow Slabs (as per BS 8110):
- In - situ ribs should be spaced at centers not exceeding 1.5 m and their depth is excluding any
topping, should not exceed four times their width.
75mm to 125mm
WIDTH
Plan of 300x300 mm
Depth
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LAYING THE FLOOR OR ROOF (as per IS:6061-part-1):
c. The pre cast reinforced concrete joists shall be placed in position at the designed spacing
so as to span between the supporting elements, such as walls and beams.
d. The hollow blocks shall be placed in between the joists with their
concrete slab as per IS : 456-1964. At least 0.15 percent reinforcement along the joists
and 0.20 percent reinforcement across the joists shall be provided for the
not exceed 300 mm. The top reinforcement in the slab over the supports
(joists) should be tied to the stirrups projecting from the joists. Welded wire mesh may be
used for the reinforcement as an alternate to mild steel bars.
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Dimensions:
Dimension of slab: 5m x 5m
Thickness of slab: 290 mm
Minimum depth is = (l/35x0.8) = 178.5 mm , So provide a depth of 200 mm.
As per British code BS: 8110, providing depth as topping is (1/10) of clear distance of ribs is 30 mm, and taking
fire in to consideration, total cover of the slab finally is 290 mm. resistance and durability in to the
consideration provide a cover of 40 mm: so total depth of slab is 290 mm.
As per BS:8110 code table 13.1, use the blocks of 380x380x200 size and 100 mm wide ribs.
Loads:
Area of the slab for Dead Load = {Total slab area – Area of the voids)
= [ 5x0.29- 0.3x0.18x9] =0.964 m2 ,
Equivalent depth for Dead Load Calculation = ( 0.964/5 ) = 0.1928 meters,
Taking Unit Weight of Concrete as 25 kN/Sqm;
Self Weight of the Slab = (0.1928x25)
= 4.82 kN/Sqm
Imposed/ live load = 4.00 kN/sq m
Finishes = 1.00 kN/Sqm
Total load = 9.82 kN/sq m
Total factored load = ( 1.5x 9.82) = 14.73 kN/Sqm
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Moment = M = (α. W. l2 ) / 8 = (0.5x14.73x25)/8 = 23.9156 kN m/m
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COMPARISON OF RESULTS: Hollow slab with Hollow blocks and cross section
Section A-A 17
Voided Slab and Cross section Model of size 5x5 m
L x=5m L y=5m
Section A-A 18
Hollow slab with rectangular blocks and Cross Section Model of 5x5m
L x=5m
L y=5m
Section A-A 19
X Direction Moments in kNm
Ribbed slab Middle X Strip Moments
Slab Span(m) EQ LL WL
3
0 -3.487 -4.06 -3.4 M
o
2 m
0.48 -1.026 -1.4 -1.022 e
n
1 t
0.96 0.708 0.77 0.717
s
Ribbed Slab EQ
5
2.4
8
6
4
2
8
6
4
2
1.92 1.823 2.25 1.826
0.4
1.4
1.9
3.3
3.8
0.9
2.8
4.3
-1 Ribbed Slab LL
Span
2.4 1.778 2.205 1.78 Ribbed Slab W
-2
2.88 1.413 1.78 1.514
-3
3.36 0.583 0.807 0.575
Slab Span(m) EQ LL WL
Hollow Rect"Live
5
2.4
4
2
6
4
8
6
2
1.92 1.82 2.032 1.823 -1
0.4
0.9
1.4
1.9
2.8
3.3
3.8
4.3
Load"
Span
2.4 1.78 2.006 1.781 -2 Hollow Rect"WL"
Slab Span(m) EQ LL WL Voided slab Middle X Strip Moments
Slab Span(m) EQ LL WL
-4
3.84 -0.96 -1.03 -0.98
-5
4.32 -3.43 -4.15 -3.421
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5 -3.5 -4.16 -3.5
Hollow Rectangular Slab Middle Y Strip
Y Direction Moments(kNm)
Moments
Slab Span(m) EQ LL WL
3
0 -3.527 -3.7 -3.48
M
2 o
0.48 -1.022 -1.3 -1.028 m
e
1 n
0.96 0.684 0.8 0.688 t
s
0
1.44 1.511 1.67 1.537 Hollow Rect "EQ"
5
2.4
8
6
4
2
8
6
4
2
0.4
0.9
1.4
1.9
2.8
3.3
3.8
4.3
-1
1.92 1.82 2.032 1.825
Hollow Rect "LL"
-3
2.88 1.146 1.62 1.431
-4
3.36 0.609 0.756 0.66
-5
3.84 -1.036 -1.02 -0.968
-4
3.36 0.64 1.113 0.658
-5
3.84 -1.07 -1.78 -0.875 -6
Ly=5m
Lx= 5 m
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Comparison of All Slabs with Manually Modeled Slab
Manual
(Actual) Ribbed Hollow voided
2.400 2.25 2.032 3.03
Comparison
3.5
2.5
2
Comparison
1.5
0.5
0
Actual Ribbed Hollow voided
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CONCLUSIONS
When the Live load, earthquake load and Wind load are applied on group of hollow block slab, voided
slab and hollow rectangular slab, it has been observed that there is considerable increase in moments
and shears, voided slabs has more moments than ribbed slabs and then Hollow rectangular moments.
The moments obtained Under live load in voided slab are more when compared with the hollow block
slab and hollow rectangular slab than under Earth quake load and then Wind load.
Hollow block slabs show less deflection than hollow rectangular slabs, Voided slabs show more
deflection.
There is a reduction obtained in the torsional moment with horizontal restraints. This however has
further implications; rigid supports are highly undesirable as they would be creating restraining forces,
for example shrinkage and thermal movement within the unit.
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Recommendation to Further Study
The slabs are modeled and analyzed using the Staad Pro software this work also be done using
In the present thesis Hollow slab with rectangular hollow blocks, hollow slab with hollow
blocks and voided slab are modeled, in the software same slabs can be modeled using other
blocks like trapezoidal shaped blocks, oval shaped blocks and square blocks and rectangular
The loading used in the present work are live load, seismic load and temperature loads, and
there is a scope for future work as can use other type of loads and their combination.
Same slab can be analyzed by changing dimension and by using the stabilized mud blocks or
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REFERENCES
Walraven, J.C, Diaphragm Action in Floors, Pre fabrication of concrete Structures
International Seminar, Delft University of Technology, Delft University Press, Oct.
1990, pp 143-154.
Elliott, K.S., Davies, G. and Bensalem, K., Pre cast Floor Slab Diaphragm without
Structural Screeds, Concrete 200- Economic and Durable Construction through
Excellence, Dundee, sept 1993, pp 617-632.
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P.Purushothaman, “Reinforced concrete structural elements behavior, analysis and
design”
BS: 8110 Code of Practice.
Jain, “Reinforced concrete”
10. Pajari M & Koukkari H, (1998) ‘Shear resistance of PHC slabs supported on
beams I: Tests’. Journal of structural engineering, No. 9, 1050-1061
Joris Fellinger, TNO Centre for Fire Research, Delft, the Netherlands
11. Jan Stark, Delft University of Technology, Fac. of Civil Engineering and
Geosciences, Delft, the Netherlands
12. Joost Walraven, Delft University of Technology, Fac. of Civil Engineering
and Geosciences, Delft, the Netherlands.on Vol. 28 – No. 3. 31
13. ENV1992-1-2 ( 1995), ‘Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures, Part 1.2:
General rules, structural fire design’, Brussels: CEN
14. Walraven, J.C., P. Mercx (1983), ‘The bearing capacity of prestressed hollow
core slabs’, Heron Vol. 28 – No. 3.
15. Breunese, A.J. (2001) ‘Tensile properties of concrete during fire’, Rijswijk,
TU Delft – TNO, Centre for Fire Research report 2001-CVB-R04634.
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