UNDERSTANDING CANCER

AN INTRODUCTION

LEARNING GOALS
Today we will begin answering the following questions:
1. 2. 3. 4.

What is cancer? How does it develop? How can we prevent it? How is it treated?

QUICK REVIEW:MITOSIS!

Mitosis in a Winter Wonderland

Three-dimensional images of a cell as it progresses from a normal cell to precancer to invasive cancer (left to right).
Top images show the nucleus (blue) surrounded by cytoplasm (gray). Bottom images show the chromatin in the nucleus. The precancer and cancerous cells have a bigger nucleus, a greater nucleus-tocytoplasm ratio and clumpier chromatin.
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Today is a research day You will work with an elbow partner, and each pair will get an information packet

Please discuss what you find in the information packets, and feel free to ask any questions
Everyone will get a worksheet to fill out, which I will collect at the end of the period

WORKSHEET
Some of the sections are transcripts from a video resource. You may watch the video on your phone on two conditions:
1.

Respect the noise level of the classroom (i.e. not too loud. Headphones would be great) Please do not use your phones for other purposes. I will help you by removing the temptation if I see you are succumbing.

2.

misstoner.weebly.com
(Understanding Cancer Section)
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Today is a research day You will work with an elbow partner, and each pair will get an information packet

Please discuss what you find in the information packets, and feel free to ask any questions
Everyone will get a worksheet to fill out, which I will collect at the end of the period

misstoner.weebly.com
(Understanding Cancer Section)

PROFESSOR CAT

SAYS

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UNDERSTANDING CANCER
DAY TWO

RECAP
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What do you know about cancer already?

SOME STATISTICS FROM CANADIAN CANCER SOCIETY

Cancer is the leading cause of death in Canada, responsible for about 30% of all deaths. It is estimated that in 2013: On average, over 500 Canadians will be diagnosed with cancer every day. On average, over 200 Canadians will die from cancer every day. Lung, breast, colorectal and prostate cancer are the most common types of cancer in Canada Cancer is a disease that mostly affects Canadians aged 50 and older, but it can occur at any age.

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CANCER MYTHS: BRAS AND BREAST CANCER

Over the past few years, there have been reports, e-mails and websites that say wearing a bra might cause breast cancer. At this time, there is no reliable, scientific evidence that shows a link between wearing a bra and developing breast cancer.

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CANCER MYTHS: IS CANCER CONTAGIOUS?

There is no evidence that close contact or having sex, kissing, touching, sharing meals or breathing the same air as someone with cancer can give you cancer. A person's cancer cells cannot usually survive in the body of another healthy person because their immune system would destroy the foreign cancer cells.

Organ transplants (rare) Birth (rare) Infections

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CANCER MYTHS: IS CANCER CONTAGIOUS?

Infections
Although cancer is not contagious, certain bacteria and viruses that can increase the risk of cancer are contagious. These bacteria and viruses can be passed between people by sex, kissing, touching or sharing meals.

Infection with certain types of human papilloma viruses (HPV) increases the risk of cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis and anus (and possibly mouth, throat, head and neck cancers).

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are linked to liver cancer
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ON THE POSITIVE SIDE

The number of newly diagnosed cancer cases in Canada is increasing, but survival rates are also increasing. These improved survival rates account for the growing number of Canadian cancer survivors.

Survival is the percentage of people who are alive at some point in time after their cancer diagnosis. There are many different ways of measuring and reporting cancer survival statistics. Most survival statistics are reported for a specific time period, such as 5 years. Between 19921994 and 20062008, survival rates increased from 56% to 63% for all cancers combined.

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DETECTING CANCER
Finding a single cancer cell in the body can be like finding a specific grain of sand at the beach the cell is simply too small compared to the billions that make up the human body. If you know your body and whats normal for you, you can report signs to your doctor early. The earlier a problem can be dealt with the better. When to see your doctor: A few signs A new or unusual lump or swelling in the breast, testicles or any other part of the body Any sore which does not heal anywhere on your body or in your mouth Blood in the urine, stool or phlegm 18 Unusual bleeding or discharge of any sort from the nipple or vagina

HOW IS CANCER DIAGNOSED?

Biopsy
A biopsy is a tissue sample taken for analysis. A cancer diagnosis is nearly always made by an expert looking at cell or tissue samples under a microscope. In some cases, lab tests of the cells proteins, DNA, and RNA can help tell doctors if cancer is present. These tests can also help in choosing the best treatment options. Tests of cells and tissues can find many other kinds of diseases, too. Lumps that might be cancer might be found by imaging (radiology) studies or felt as lumps during a physical exam, but they still must be sampled and looked at under a microscope to find out what they really are. Not all lumps are cancer. In 19 fact, most tumors are benign (not cancer).

OVARIAN CYST

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TESTS FOR CANCER

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRI creates cross-section pictures of your insides. But MRI uses strong magnets instead of radiation to make the images. An MRI scan can take cross-sectional slices (views) from many angles, as if someone were looking at a slice of your body from the front, from the side, or from above your head. MRI creates pictures of soft tissue parts of the body that are sometimes hard to see using other imaging tests. These images can also help doctors plan treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy

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MRI MACHINE

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MRI IMAGE

OF

BICEP

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MRI IMAGE: THE BRAIN

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Paul Nurse
Nobel Prize winner for his work on cell division

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CANCER CUTTERS

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CANCER CUTTERS

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YOU CAN HELP

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Take out your device 2. Go to: socrative.com 3. Click on Student login 4. Classroom number: 631075
1.

This is to check YOUR understanding, so please do not share answers. Once you are done, please sit quietly until everyone has finished. Once you answer a question, you cannot go back

No device? Thats ok, take out a sheet of paper and a pen or pencil. You do not have to write out the questions.

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1. 2.

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Write your first and last name Name three different types of cancer treatments Cancer is contagious: True or False? Most tumours are benign (not cancerous): True or False? What are some differences between a normal cell and a cancerous cell? One sentence. Metastasis is... a. Abnormal tissues remain in the original tissue b. a mass of cells formed of abnormal cells c. the ability of cancer cells to invade other places in the body Why is the cell cycle important to cancer? What is a biopsy and why is it important? Two sentences maximum

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Physics 101

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