PHT TRIN, VN HNH, BO TR PHN MM

BI TP TUN 1 1. Xem li v trnh by cc m hnh pht trin phn mm, cc giai on pht trin trong mi m hnh hc mn NMCNPM Cc m hnh pht trin phn mm: M hnh thc nc M hnh mu M hnh xon c => M hnh thc nc ci tin Cc giai on pht trin trong mi m hnh hc: M hnh thc nc c in:

M hnh mu:

 M hnh xon c:

M hnh thc nc ci tin:

2. Nghin cu m hnh Agile, v cc i din cho phng php lun ny nh XP, Scrum ... Nghin cu m hnh Agile Phng thc pht trin phn mm linh hot (Agile Software Development) sau y c gi vn tt l Agile tr nn ph bin trong ngnh pht trin phn mm. Vi nhng phng phc t chc v trin khai mi l, nng ng v linh hot, Agile thu ht s quan tm ln ca cng ng lm phn mm Agile l cch thc lm phn mm linh hot lm sao a sn phm n tay ngi dng cng nhanh cng tt cng sm cng tt v c xem nh l s ci tin ( mt kha cnh no ) khi t cnh nhng m hnh c nh M hnh Thc nc (waterfall) hay CMMI. Tuyn ngn ca Agile C nhn v s tng h quan trng hn quy trnh v cng c Sn phm xi c quan trng hn ti liu v sn phm Cng tc vi khch hng quan trng hn m phn hp ng Phn hi vi s thay i quan trng hn bm theo k hoch Bn tn ch trn da trn 12 nguyn tc: Tha mn yu cu ca khch hng thng qua vic giao hng sm v lin tc

 Cho n vic thay i yu cu, thm ch l nhng thay i yu cu mun Giao phn mm chy c cho khch hang mt cch thng xuyn(giao hang tun hn l hang thng) Nh kinh doanh v k s lp trnh phi lm vic cng nhau hang ngy trong sut d n Cc d n c xy dng xung quanh nhng c nhn c ng lc. Cung cp cho h mi trng v s h tr cn thit v tin tng h hon thnh cng vic Trao i trc tip tip mt i mt l phng php hiu qu nht truyn t thng tin Phn mm chy c l thc o chnh ca tin Pht trin bn vng v duy tr c nhp pht trin lin tc Lin tc quan tm n k thut v thit k ci tin s linh hot S n gin cn thit-ngh thut ti a ha lng cng vic cha hon thnh Nhm t t chc Thch ng thng xuyn vi s thay i Cc i din cho phng php lun Agile Scrum: Scrum l mt trong cc khung lm vic linh hot(agile framework) ph bin nht hin nay c dung trong pht trin cc sn phm phn mm t n gin n phc tp. Da trn l thuyt qun l thwucj nghim(empirical process control), Scrum s dng c ch lp(iterative) v tng trng(incremental) ti u ha tnh hiu qu v kim sot ri ro. Ba chn(hay gi tr ct li )ca Scrum: Minh bch Thanh tra Thch nghi Ba vai tr quan trng Product Owner(ch sn phm) L ngi chu trch nhim ca s thnh cng ca d n, ngi nh ngha cc yu cu v nh gi cui cng u ra ca cc nh pht trin phn mm Scrum Master

L ngi c hiu bit sau sc v Scrum v m bo nhm c th lm vic hiu qu vi Scrum Development Team(i sn xut hay nhm pht trin) Mt nhm lin chc nng t qun l tin hnh chuyn i cc yu cu c t chc trong Product Backlog thnh chc nng h thng Bn cuc hp(4 event) Sprint Planning(Hp k hoch Sprint) Daily Scrum(Hp Scrum hng ngy) Sprint Review(Hp s kt Sprint) Sprint Retrospective(Hp ci tin Sprint) Cc cng c Scrum Product backlog Sprint backlog Burndown Chart Scrum vn hnh nh th no? Product Owner to ra Product Backlog cha cc yu cu ca d n vi cc hng mc c sp theo th t u tin. i sn xut s thc hin vic hin thc ha dn cc yu cu ca Product Owner vi s lp i lp li cc giai on nc rt t 1 n 4 tun lm vic (gi lSprint) vi u vo l cc hng mc trong Product Backlog, u ra l cc gi phn mm hon chnh c th chuyn giao c (Potentially Shippable Product Increment). Trc khi c nhm cng ua nc rt trong Sprint, i sn xut cng hp vi Product Owner lp k hoch cho tng Sprint. Kt qu ca bui lp k hoch (theo cch lm ca Scrum) l Sprint Backlog cha cc cng vic cn lm trong sut mt Sprint. Trong sut qu trnh pht trin, nhm s phi cp nht Sprint Backlog v thc hin cng vic hp hng ngy (Daily Scrum) chia s tin cng vic cng nh cc vng mc trong qu trnh lm vic cng nhau. Nhm c trao quyn t qun l v t chc ly cng vic ca mnh hon thnh cng vic trong Sprint. Khi kt thc Sprint, nhm to ra cc gi phn mm c chc nng hon chnh, sn sng chuyn giao (shippable) cho khc hng. Bui hp S kt Sprint (Sprint Review) cui Sprint s

gip khch hng thy c nhm c th chuyn giao nhng g, cn nhng g phi lm hoc cn g phi thay i hay ci tin. Sau khi kt thc vic nh gi Sprint, Scrum Master v nhm cng t chc hp Ci tin Sprint (Sprint Retrospective) tm kim cc ci tin trc khi Sprint tip theo bt u, iu ny s gip nhm lin tc hc hi v trng thnh qua tng Sprint. Cc Sprint s c lp i lp li cho ti khi no cc hng mc trong Product Backlog u c hon tt hoc khi Product Owner quyt nh c th dng d n cn c tnh hnh thc t. Do s dng chin thut c gi tr hn lm trc nn cc hng mc mang li nhiu gi tr hn cho ch d n lun c hon tt trc. Do Scrum lun mang li gi tr cao nht cho ngi u t cho d n. Do quy trnh lun lun c ci tin, nhm Scrum thng c nng sut lao ng rt cao. y l hai li ch to ln m Scrum mang li cho t chc.

XP XP (vit tt ca eXtreme Programming c ngi dch ra l Lp trnh Cc hn), l mt phng php pht trin phn mm trong h Agile, rt c nh hng v c s dng rng ri. Mc ch cui cng ca XP l pht trin nhng phn mm vi cht lng cao nht, vi chi ph thp nht, t li nht, siu nng sut v ti a ha li nhun u t (ch Extreme). XP lm iu ny thng qua cc Bn gi tr nh hng (values), Nguyn tc (principles) v mi hai K thut thc hnh (Practices) c th theo nh hng ca trit l Agile. Cc gi tr XP:
Giao tip (Communication): mi ngi trong nhm trao i trc din hng ngy, trong tt c cc cng vic t phn tch yu cu cho ti lp trnh

 Tnh n gin (Simplicity): ch lm nhng g cn thit, khng hn. Lm nhng g cn thit cho th hin ti, khng phi tng lai qu xa, vi nhng bc nh cn ch v gin lc ti a cc sai hng. Phn hi (Feedback): cam kt nghim tc lin tc bn giao cc phn mm chy tt vo cui cc phn on (iteration) ngn. Lun c th demo phn mm chy tt t sm v thng xuyn, lng nghe phn hi t cc bn v thc hin cc iu chnh cn thit. Tn trng (Respect): mi ngi t cm thy v c tn trng v h l nhng thnh vin quan trng ca nhm. Mi ngi u ng vai tr vo vic to ra cc gi tr khng k cng vic nh th no. Can m (Courage): lun ni ng v tin v c lng. Khng cn thit phi s iu g bi v thnh vin khng lm vic c c. Mi khi c thay i, nhm s c cc hnh ng cn thit thch ng. Can m trong vic vt i nhng g khng thc s cn thit na (m ngun, giy t )

Cc nguyn tc XP:
Phn hi nhanh (Rapid Feedback): lun lng nghe phn hi t nhiu pha, ly c phn hi mt cch nhanh nht, tm hiu chng v a nhng hiu bit vo trong h thng nhanh nht c th. Lp trnh vin c th hc c cch thit k, lp trnh, kim th tt nht trong phm vi tng pht ch khng phi hng ngy, tun hoc thm ch hng thng. Gi nh n gin (Assume Simplicity): i x vi cc vn nh th chng c th gii quyt bng nhng gii php n gin n ng ngn. y c th l nguyn l kh xi nht ca XP. Thay i tim tin (Incremental Change): khng thay i c l, m ch thay i mt t trong thit k, chc nng. Sng chung vi Thay i (Embracing Change): chin thut tt nht l tn trng tt c cc kh nng trong khi gii quyt cc vn p lc nht. Cng vic cht lng cao (Quality Work): phi lun u t c c cht lng cng vic cao nht, n mc hon ho

Cc nguyn tc m rng khc:

Dy ln nhau (Teach Learning) u t ban u ti gin (Small Initial Investment)

 Chi thng (Play to Win) Th nghim c th (Concrete Experiments) Giao tip m v trung thc (Open, honest Communication) Lm vic ph hp vi bn nng ca con ngi, khng phi chng li chng (Work with people's instincts - not against them) Cc trch nhim c tha nhn (Accepted Responsibility) Thch ng cc b (Local Adaptation) Di chuyn nh nhng (Travel Light) o trung thc (Honest Measurement)

Cc k thut thc hnh

Tr chi Lp k hoch (The Planning Game) nhanh chng xc nh phm vi ca ln pht hnh (release) ti bng cch kt hp nhng u tin nghip v (business priorities) v c lng k thut (technical estimates). Khi thc tin c nhng tc ng ti k hoch, cp nht k hoch. Tr chi Lp k hoch c s dng c trong vic lp k hoch pht hnh (Release Planning) ln lp K hoch Phn on (Iteration Planning). Cc bn pht hnh nh (Small releases) a h thng vo trng thi sn xut (production, i lp vi trng thi development pht trin), ri pht hnh phin bn mi vo cui mi vng i ngn. System Metaphor (n d H thng) Hng dn tt c qu trnh pht trin bng nhng cu chuyn chia s n gin v cch m h thng s lm vic. c th l mt h thng nhng khi nim v nhng lp, phng thc gip thnh vin i pht trin d dng on c chc nng n thc hin. Thit k n gin (Simple design) H thng cn c thit k n gin nht c th ti bt k thi im no. Mi khi pht hin ra ch no phc tp, cn loi b ngay tc th. Kim th (Testing) Lp trnh vin thng xuyn vit cc kim th n v (unit tests) trong khi pht trin, cn khch hng th vit ra nhng bi kim th xc nh iu kin hon thnh cho mi tnh nng. Ti cu trc (Refactoring) Lp trnh vin ti cu trc h thng m khng lm nh hng n hot ng ca h thng loi b cc trng lp, d tha, ci thin tnh giao tip, n gin v gia tng s linh hot ca h thng. Lp trnh theo cp (Pair programming) Tt c cc on m sn xut (production

code, phn bit vi test code-cc m lnh vit ra kim th) phi c vit bi hai lp trnh vin trn mi my tnh. S hu tp th (Collective ownership) Bt k ngi no u c th thay i bt k dng lnh no vo bt k thi im no. Tch hp lin tc (Continuous integration) Tch hp v xy dng (build) h thng nhiu ln trong ngy, mi khi mt tc v c hon thnh. Lm vic 40 gi mt tun Khng lm vic nhiu hn 40 gi mt tun. Khng bao gi lm vic qu gi n tun th hai. Khch hng ti ch (On-site customer) Kt hp mt ngi dng tht vo i ng pht trin, lm vic ton thi gian tr li cc cu hi cho i pht trin. Cc chun mc lp trnh (Coding standards) Lp trnh vin vit tt c cc m lnh tun theo nhng quy tc nhm khuyn khch giao tip thng qua m lnh.

Quy trnh ca mt d n XP trng nh th no?