This document provides a prognosis worksheet to evaluate the validity and importance of a prognosis study. It addresses whether the study sample was representative and follow-up was complete, objective outcomes were applied blindly, and results were validated in an independent group. It also considers how likely and precise the prognostic estimates are and provides instructions on calculating confidence intervals around measures of prognosis based on sample size and proportion of patients experiencing an event. Finally, it addresses applying the evidence to caring for one's own patient based on similarity of study patients and clinical impact of the evidence.
This document provides a prognosis worksheet to evaluate the validity and importance of a prognosis study. It addresses whether the study sample was representative and follow-up was complete, objective outcomes were applied blindly, and results were validated in an independent group. It also considers how likely and precise the prognostic estimates are and provides instructions on calculating confidence intervals around measures of prognosis based on sample size and proportion of patients experiencing an event. Finally, it addresses applying the evidence to caring for one's own patient based on similarity of study patients and clinical impact of the evidence.
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This document provides a prognosis worksheet to evaluate the validity and importance of a prognosis study. It addresses whether the study sample was representative and follow-up was complete, objective outcomes were applied blindly, and results were validated in an independent group. It also considers how likely and precise the prognostic estimates are and provides instructions on calculating confidence intervals around measures of prognosis based on sample size and proportion of patients experiencing an event. Finally, it addresses applying the evidence to caring for one's own patient based on similarity of study patients and clinical impact of the evidence.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
patients assembled at a common (usually early) point in the course of their disease? Was patient follow-up sufficiently long and complete? Were objective outcome criteria applied in a “blind” fashion? If subgroups with different prognoses are identified, was there adjustment for important prognostic factors? Was there validation in an independent group (“test set”) of patients?
Are the valid results of this prognosis study important?
How likely are the outcomes over time?
How precise are the prognostic
estimates?
If you want to calculate a confidence interval around the measure of prognosis:
Clinical Measure Standard Error (SE) Typical Calculation of CI Proportion (as in the rate If p = 24/60 = 0.4 (or 40%) of some and n = 60 prognostic event, { p ×(1 − p ) / n} etc.) where: SE = {0.4 ×(1 −0.4) / 60 } where p is proportion = 0.063 (or 6.3%) the number of patients = n and n is number of patients 95% CI is 40% ± 1.96 × 6.3% the proportion of these patients who experience the event = p or 27.6% to 52.4% n from your evidence: ___ Your calculation: p from your evidence: ___ SE: ____________ 95% CI: ________ Can you apply this valid, important evidence about prognosis in caring for your patient?
Were the study patients similar to your
own? Will this evidence make a clinically important impact on your conclusions about what to offer or tell your patient?