Name: Rani Bakhsh Date and time that the lesson will be taught: 4/11/2014 Lesson Title: Building

Bridges Name of Class: ETE 8 & 9 Objectives: The learners will learn that .. This challenge has been created to provide the learner with the opportunity to construct and test bridges within a group of 2 learners using finite materials. Content to be presented in lesson: Students will apply the design loop process in this activity to design a bridge that can carries the heaviest weight while using less material. There are different kinds of bridges. We will learn about 3 main kinds. Beam bridges are the most basic kind. A horizontal beam extends on the gap that needed to be crossed and that beam carries the load. Columns might be used if the span is too long for the beam to extend through. Another kind of bridges is the arch bridges. The span extends on an arch that connects between the abutments or between two columns incase of longer bridges. The third kind that we will learn about is suspension bridges. In this kind of bridges, the deck (load) is hung by suspension cables on vertical suspenders and that what makes the suspension bridge different from other kinds of bridges.

Introduction to the Lesson: What is the tallest bridge in the world? Lets find out (conduct a web search on the projectors screen) Learning activities:

5 min

35 min

Working in groups of two, with material constraints, participants have an opportunity to construct a bridge that reflects knowledge of engineering design and construction concepts.

PROCEDURE Students will be familiarized to the terminology associated to the activity. They will be introduced to the activity by a brief about the task and constrains and regulations. Also the teacher will show the bridge tester device and how it works.

REGULATIONS 1. Dimensions: The structure must extend between the two supports (Students need to measure the distance. The minimum internal dimensions are 2 wide and 3 high.

2. Materials The following may be used as structural pieces i. (5) 24 X 1/8 X 1/8 balsa wood beams. ii. 8.5 X 14of card papers (for building the street). 3. Lamination of the material is prohibited. 4. Joints are to be glued together with Elmers School Glue 5. An adhesive spread past 14 of the joint will be penalized. 6. Coating of structural members with adhesive is prohibited. 7. The structure must rest on the top of the abutments. 8. No part of the structure may extend below the plane of abutment by more than 1 9. The center of the beam must provide clear passage for the one half inch (12") test rod. EVALUATION A. The structure is weighed before testing and the weight is recorded in the teachers excel sheet.

B. An increasing load is applied to the structure via the test block until the structure fails. The test block is three quarters of an inch (34") thick, two inches (2") in width and six inches (6") in length with a 12 hole to accommodate the testing device C. The failure weight is recorded. D. The efficiency is determined by the failure weight x 4.54, divided by the weight of the structure in grams. E. The efficiency is rounded off to two (2) decimal places and recorded. F. The highest numeric efficiency is the winner. In case of an efficiency tie, the greatest weight held by the tied entries will be declared the winner. G. Structures that violate guidelines will receive a deduction of 20% of the greatest weight held for the first violation. Ending of Class: 5min

Students will be asked to clean up the tables and return tools and materials to where they belong. The teacher recaps with a question about different types of bridges and the differences between them. References 2013 Razorback Technology Challenge handouts