Please Kowtow to the Mao

China in Transition: The 20th Century

Rise of a Republic
The Revolution of 1911
Empress Ci Xi was a traditionalist and Confucianist After her death the Qing Dynasty collapsed marking the end of the Chinese Empire 1911 until 1928 was chaos for China as civil war raged

Chinese Nationalism
1911- Dr. Sun Yatsen- President of the Republic
Set Three Goals (Principles of the People):
Nationalism Democracy Livelihood- A decent living for all Yatsen was taken out of office in 1912 and appointed Chiang Kai-Shek the leader of the Nationalist army

Chinese Communism
Started as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1921 Initially worked with the Nationalists to get rid of foreign influence Mao Zedong would Become their leader

The Long March

The Nationalist army attacked the Communist forces under Yeah, it was really long 6,000 miles from southeastern China to Shaanxi (remote Northwest China) It started in 1934 and lasted over a year. Approx. 90,000 started the march and only about 7,000 survived.

Post WWII
The Chinese and Communists waged the Chinese Civil War In 1949 Maos Communist forces took Beijing and est.d the Peoples Republic of China. The Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan with the Guomindang government (still there today).

A New Government
Mao established a new government with a totalitarian rule to reestablish order throughout China. Power through the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA). Supported his control through Propaganda. Promoted a self-reliant China

Maos Little Red Book

The Great Leap Forward

Est.d 1948 Led to the creation of communes where the Chinese villages would live and work together. Created a quick mobilization and modernization of the Chinese infrastructure. The results= disaster!!!!
Floods and famine Estimated 50-100 million people starved to death in the early 1960s.

The Cultural Revolution

The Red Guards- young Chinese factory workers and students who radicalized Maos teachings

1972
President Nixon visits China and meets with Mao.

Post-Mao China
Mao Zedong died in 1976
The Gang of Four- Jiang Qing, Maos Widow and other Supports VS. Deng Xiaoping (who took control in 1978). Improvements and opening of China after Maos death

Tiananmen Square
Beijing students rally for political freedom On June 3-4,1989 the army opened fire and killed thousands (the total number is unknown) The message= Communism was staying in China