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Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) Efficiency ~ 60 %
Typical: 1000 MW power plant (CCGT) Minimum: 450 MW (~13 Bcf/y)
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration. Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Early Release Overview. January 2012
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
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10
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
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Source: McKinsey Global Institute, Game changers: Five opportunities for US growth and renewal, July 2013
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
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Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
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Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
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Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
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Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG
NG NG
NG
Oil Oil
Oil
US
Oil 100%
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Chemicals
Nikolaou
GTL
Steam, Air
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Natural Gas
Ammonia Methanol Ethane, Liquids Crude Oil Naphtha, Gas Oil Olefins, Aromatics Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes
Refinery
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Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
$19 billion
Sasol Louisiana
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Source: shell.com
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
2-50 MMscf/d
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19 Source: T. H. Fleisch, Small Scale Gas Monetization via miniGTL Options, GGFR
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
20
Source: T. H. Fleisch, Small Scale Gas Monetization via miniGTL Options, GGFR
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
21
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Sweetener
Dehydrator
Ethane Propane
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Source: www.total.com
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
23
Sources: Tusiani & Shearer, LNG: A Nontechnical Guide (2007) Shively et al., Understanding Todays Global LNG Business (2010)
Nikolaou
LNG Tanker
Moss tank tank Moss
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Membrane tank
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Nikolaou
Size Matters
LNG Carriers Built and Scheduled for Delivery
250
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
200
150 100
Small (<100 kcm) Standard (100 to 200 kcm) Q-Flex (200 to 250 kcm) Q-Max (250 to 300 kcm)
1960s 2010 2011 2013 2014 1970s 1990s 2000s
1980s
50
0
25
2016
2012
2015
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Dehydrator Sweetener
Ethane Propane
26 Source: www.total.com
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
27
Source: http://www.worldoil.com/November-2011-Energy-Issues.html
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
28
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
29
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
Liquefaction Terminal
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Source: Cheniere
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
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Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
32
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
33
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
34
Nikolaou
LNG or CNG?
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
35
Nikolaou
LNG or CNG?
Both
Primary differentiator: Distance Secondary differentiator: Scale-up/down differences
CNG M etal LNG
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
36
Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG
NPVLNG
Metal Containers
Composite Containers
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Source: Nikolaou et al., 2013
Distance , L kmiles
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Nikolaou
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
38
Nikolaou
Closing Thoughts
Monetizing natural gas
Room for multiple technologies (pun intended!)
Overview
GTW
GTL LNG CNG Comparisons Closing Thoughts
39