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These laboratory apparatus are used to eliminate fine particles from samples. Generally the filters consist of filter medium and holders and categorized into two types - membrane filters and centrifugal filters. Membrane filters, used in large scale lab experiments are employed to separate or filter suspended matter from gases and liquids.Smaller laboratories use centrifugal filters to take apart proteins or nucleic acids. Laboratory filters are selected for the
analysis of physical and performance specifications of particle samples. Larger filter areas are efficient and generally preferred in chemical and industrial laboratories.The filters vary in configuration terms, sample type, measurement type, medium material, and housing material. These are commonly used on solids, gas, and liquids for qualitative or quantitative testing. The filters medium materials range from cellulose or cellulose acetate, regenerated cellulose, and nitrocellulose, including ceramic, glass fiber materials, and carbon. Included too are polytetrafluoroethelene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyvindylidene chloride. Housing materials use acrylics, modified acrylics, plastics, and polypropylene.
Laboratory mixers are essential in mixing, homogenizing, emulsifying, disintegrating and dissolving samples. Dual shaft mixers have three-wing anchors that generate flow and remove batches of mixed materials from vessel's wall. Double-planetary mixers have a finger-shaped blade that feed material to dispenser that orbits at high speed. The mixers operate at different speeds while are specified for continuous speeds. Lab mixers are requirements in industrial and pharmaceutical laboratories. To protect laboratory and specimen from air-borne contamination, air handling equipment - fume hoods, environmentally-controlled rooms, biological safety cabinets, and clean benches are installed. A fume hood can contain and exhaust fumes, mists, vapors, and fine particles. The lab technician is protected from toxic fumes to chemicals and other potentially hazardous gases because the fume hood or enclosure minimizes exposure.
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