Part 1: Grammar

1. Hes just left. (Pre-Intermediate) a) Analysis of Meaning: the present perfect shows the situation in relation to past action; that is, how the past is relevant now. Here, the past action to leave (left) has a result in the present that you couldnt talk with him or see him at that moment. Notice the time marker just that indicates an immediate past time when used with the present perfect simple.1 b) Conveying Meaning: John had a biology class. After the course he saw that his teacher left his umbrella in the classroom. He ran into the staff room after him but he couldnt find him. Hes just left. c) Checking Meaning: Is the teacher there? No. Did he leave? Yes Do I still have his umbrella? Yes

the moment NOW when he left

d) Form: Present Perfect Simple S + have/has + V3 (Past Participle) e) Phonology: Hes just left. /hiz/2 2. If only I had enough money. (Upper Intermediate) a) Analysis of Meaning: We use the structure If only to say that we want things to be different. Means the same as I wish but its more emphatic.3 It often expresses regret.4 In

1 2

Rosemary Aitken, Teaching Tenses, (Surrey: Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd, 1992): 23 Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary hes 3 Michael Swan, Practical English Usage, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005): 241 4 John Eastwood, Oxford Guide to English Grammar, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994): 241

this case, If only refers to present. Its now that I regret not having the money. I wish I had enough money to buy a new car. I regret not having the money to buy the car. b) Conveying Meaning: I would convey meaning by telling a story about my friend Steve. My friend Steve got a new car. Ive dreamed of having a similar car since I was a child. I would really like to buy one myself but unfortunately I dont have enough money for it. If only I had enough money I could by the car. c) Checking Meaning: Do I wish to have a car? Yes Do I need money for it? Yes Do I have the money to buy it? No d) Form: If only + S + V2 e) Phonology: If only I had enough money. /hd/ 3. Im getting used to the spicy food. (Intermediate) a) Analysis of Meaning: The expressions get used to something or somebody means to become familiar with something or someone.5 Here, Im not totally used with the spicy food yet but Im in the process of being used to it. Its a gradual change. Note: To not be confused with to be used to which means that at this moment eating spicy food its not unusual anymore. b) Conveying Meaning: I would convey meaning by context. Imagine that Im in Ghana now. They have very spicy food there. At the beginning I couldnt eat that much spicy food because it was too hot. But now things are changing and I can eat more and more. Im getting used to the spicy food. c) Checking Meaning: Was I familiar with eating spicy food before I went to Ghana? No. Is it the same bad now as it was at the beginning? No. Will eating spicy food become better? Yes.

Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary get used to sth/sb

d) Form: S + am/are/is + Getting + Used to Note: Get, become and sometimes grow can also be used before used to.6 However, given that the class is at an intermediate level, making these distinctions may confuse them. e) Phonology: Im getting used to /just t/7

Part 2: Vocabulary
1. A ferry (Elementary) a) Meaning Analysis: A ferry is a boat or ship for taking passengers and often vehicles across an area of water, especially as a regular service.8 b) Conveying Meaning: I would tell them a short story about being on holiday using visuals (see Appendix1). Im on holiday and I travel by car (Picture 1). I want to cross a river but I cant (Picture 2). I decide to take a ferry (Picture 3). This will take me and my car to the other side. c) Checking Understanding of Meaning: Do I want to travel on water? Yes Do I want to take the car with me? Yes d) Form: Ferry is a countable noun. The plural form is ferries. Is often preceded by by as in We travelled by ferry; or by on the as in We are going across the river on the ferry. e) Phonology: Ferry /fer.i/9 Students may have problems with /r/ that might be over-pronounced.

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Michael Swan, 596 Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary Used to 8 Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary Ferry 9 Ibidem

2. Embarrassed (Intermediate) a) Meaning Analysis: Feeling ashamed or shy.10 b) Conveying Meaning: I would use a story about an embarrassing situation that happened to me; I would mimic the feeling and then show them a picture with how I feel (see Appendix 2). Few days ago I wanted to park my car. Unfortunately I am not that good at it. After trying hard for 20 minutes I finally succeeded. When I got out of the car people were clapping their hands. This is how I felt (Show them the picture). Yes, I felt embarrassed. c) Checking Understanding of Meaning: Is not being able to park your car an awkward thing? Yes. Was I able to park my car? No. Did other people see me and making fun of me? Yes. d) Form: Embarrassed is an adjective. It describes how I feel. The adjectives that end in ed describe the effect a person, thing or situation has on us.11 In this case the verb is embarrass. With the ed at the end becomes an adjective. e) Phonology: Embarrassed /mbr.st/ Students could pronounce the first vocal (e) as /e/ and not as // as in /embr.st/. They might also need help with the cluster /br./

Bibliography
Aitken, Rosamery. Teaching Tenses. Surrey: Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd, 1992.
Hes. Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2014. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/he-s?q=he%27s

Get used to something/somebody. Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2014. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/used_2?q=get+used

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Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary - Embarrassed Stuart Redman. English Vocabulary in Use. Pre-intermediate and Intermediate (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997) : 64

Ferry. Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2014. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/ferry_1?q=ferry

Eastwood, John. Oxford Guide to English Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1994

Used to. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2014. http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/used-to

Redman, Stuart. English Vocabulary in Use: Pre-intermediate and Intermediate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Swan, Michael. Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Appendix 1

Picture 1

Picture 2

Picture 3

Appendix 2