1.

a. sequence =

{a n }

a1 a 2

term

a 1 a 2
an

n general term

n a

a1 , a 2 ,......, a n ,.......

A6067646365
60 65
5
A
****

B234567
2 7
6
a

=n+1

n = 123456

an

n
n + 2

3 n = 123
1
1
=
1+ 2
3
2
2
1
n = 2 a 2 =
=
=
2 + 2
4
2
3
3
n = 3 a 3 =
=
3 + 2
5
1
1
3
3
3
2
5
n = 1 a 1 =

b. series =

a1 + a 2 + ...... + a n + .......

{a n } d a1 + a 2 + ...... + a d

finite series

a
n =1

infinite series

a1 + a 2 + ...... + a n + .......

a
n =1

sigma

50

n
n =1

=1+2+3+4+5++49+50

1 50 n 50
50

3
n =1

=3+3+3+3+3++3+3

3 3 3 50
50

n
n =5

=5+6+7+8+9++49+50

5 50 n 50-5+1=46

n
n =1

=1+2+3+4+5++49+50+

5 n

2.
a. a 1 , a 2 ,......,

a n ,.......

common difference

C1234567
C 1 1

D1471013
D 3 3

b. a

a , a + d , a + 2d , ......,

= a =

a + ( n 1) d , .......

a n = a + ( n 1) d

6 -1 9

a = 6 d = -1 n = 9

a n = a + ( n 1) d

a 9 = 6 + (9 1)( 1)
= 6 + (8 )( 1)
= 68
= 2

9 -2

81114 121

a = 8d = 11-8 = 3 a n = 121

a n = a + ( n 1) d

a n = 8 + ( n 1)( 3)
121 = 8 + (3n 1)
121 = 7 + 3 n
3 n = 121 7
3 n = 114
n = 38

38 121

2 5 10 29

a 2 = 5 a 10 = 29
a 2 = a + ( 2 1) d
5

= a+d

(1)

a10 = a + (10 1) d
29

= a + 9d

( 2 ) (1)

( 2)

24 = 8 d
d =3

d = 3 (1)
5

= a +3

= 53
=2

2 3

c. : a b A aAb
A a b arithmetic mean
Q

A a b
A a = b A

A =

a + b
2

[]

7 13

A
A =

7 + 13
2
20
=
2
= 10

10

-2 7 3

a 1 = a = 2 a 5 = 7
a 5 = a + ( 5 1) d
7 = 2 + 4d
4d = 7 + 2
4d = 9
9
d =
4

3
a 2 = a + ( 2 1) d

a 3 = a + ( 3 1) d

a 4 = a + ( 4 1) d

= a + 2d

= a + 3d

9
= 2 + 2
4
9
= 2 +
2
5
=
2

9
= 2 + 3
4
27
= 2 +
4
19
=
4

= a + d
= 2 +
=

9
4

1
4

1
,
4

5
,
2
5

19
4

d.
i. a1 , a 2 ,......,

a n ,....... n

a1 + a 2 + ...... + a n
ii. a d n Sn
S n = a + ( a + d ) + ...... + [ a + ( n 2 ) d ] + [ a + ( n 1) d ]

S n = [ a + ( n 1) d ] + [ a + ( n 2 ) d ] + ...... + ( a + d ) + a

2 S n = [ 2 a + ( n 1) d ] + [ 2 a + ( n 1) d ] + ...... + [ 2 a + ( n 1) d ]
2 S n = n[ 2 a + ( n 1) d ]

Sn =

n
[ 2 a + ( n 1) d ]
2

a n = a + ( n 1) d

Sn =

n
[a + an ]
2

12 + 8 + 4 + 10 12

n = 10a = 12
d = 8 -12 = -4
10
[ 2(12 ) + (10 1)( 4 )]
2
= 5[ 24 + 9( 4 )]
= 5[ 24 36 ]

S10 =

= 5[ 8]
= 40

12
[ 2(12 ) + (10 1)( 4 )]
2
= 6[ 24 + 9 ( 4)]
= 6[ 24 36 ]

S12 =

= 6[ 8]
= 48

10 -40
12 -48

 3 21 5 20

2 5 = 7
n = 7a = 3a7 = 21

a n = a + ( n 1)d

n = 20

a 8 = 3 + (7 1) d

S 20 =

n
(a + a 20 )
2
20
(3 + 21)
=
2
= 10 ( 24 )
= 240

21 = 3 + 6 d
6 d = 21 3
= 18
d =3

-3
20 240

-20 2

a = -20,

d=2

n
[2a + ( n 1) d ]
2
n
= [2 ( 20 ) + ( n 1)( 2 ) ]
2
= n[ 20 + n 1]
= n[n 21]

Sn =

n
n[n 21] > 0
Q n > 0 n 21 > 0
n > 21
n = 22

Sn > 0

22

 13 4 10
n n

a = 13
S 4 = S10

4
[2(13) + ( 4 1) d ] = 10 [2(13) + (10 1) d ]
2
2
2( 26 + 3d ) = 5( 26 + 9 d )
52 + 6 d = 130 + 45 d
39 d = 78
d = 2

S n n
n
[2a + ( n 1) d ]
2
n
= [2(13) + ( n 1)( 2 )]
2
= n[13 ( n 1) ]
= n[14 n ]

Sn =

= 14 n n 2
= 49 ( n 2 14 n + 49 )
= 49 ( n 7 ) 2
n = 7

S 7 = 49

3.
a. a 1 , a 2 ,......,

a n ,.......

common ratio

E124816
E 2 2

1 1 1
1
, ,
,
3 9 27 81

b. a

a , ar , ar 2 , ......,

= a =

ar n 1 , .......

a n = ar n 1

4 2 11

a = 4 r = 2
11 n = 11
a n = ar n 1
a11 = ( 4 )( 2 )11 1
= ( 4 )( 2 )10
= ( 4 )(1024 )
= 4096

11 4096

1
1

3
3

4 1

a2 = 4 a4 = 1
a n = ar n 1

a n = ar n 1

a 2 = ar 2 1

a 4 = ar 4 1

4 = ar

(1)

(1)
,
(2 )
4
ar
= 3
1 ar
1
4= 2
r
1
r2 =
4
1
r=
4
1
=
2

1 = ar 3

1
r =
2

1
(1)
2
1
4 = a( )
2
a=8

1
r = (1)
2
1
4 = a( )
2
a = 8

r=

(2)

1
8
2
1
r -8
2

10

c. a b G aGb
G a b
Q

G a b
a :G = G :b

G =

ab

[]

3 3888

a5 = 3888

a n = ar n 1
a 5 = ar 5 1
3888 = (3) r 4
r 4 = 1296
r

= 4 1296
= 6

r = 6

r = -6

a 2 = ar

a 2 = ar
= (3)( 6 )
= 18

= (3)( 6)
= 18

a 3 = ar 2

a 3 = ar 2

= (3)( 6 ) 2
= 108

= (3)( 6) 2
= 108

a 4 = ar 3

a 4 = ar 3

= (3)( 6 ) 3
= 648

= (3)( 6) 3
= 648

18108648 -18108-648

11

d.
i. a1 , a 2 ,......,

a n ,....... n

a1 + a 2 + ...... + a n
ii. a r n Sn

S n = a + ar + ar 2 + ...... + ar n 1 --1
1 r

rS n = ar + ar 2 + ar 3 + ...... + ar n --2
1-2

( 1 r )S n = a ar n

a( 1 r n )
Sn =
, r 1
1 r
ar n = ( ar n 1 )r = a n r

Sn =

a an r
, r 1
1 r

2 + 6 + 18 + 54 + 10
a = 2,
a2 = 6
a 2 = ar
6 = ( 2) r
r=3
10 , n = 10
a (1 r n )
1 r
( 2)[1 (3) 9 ]
S 10 =
1 3
( 2)[1 19683 ]
=
2
( 2)[ 19682 ]
=
2
= 9841
Sn =

10 9841
12

4.
a.

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + k + ... + n

n ( n + 1)
2

k =
k =1

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + k + ... + n
2

k =1

n ( n + 1)( 2 n + 1)
6

n ( n + 1)
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + k + ... + n k =
2
k =1
n

a 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + + 10

b 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + + 102

10

k =1

=
=

10

=
=

10 (10 + 1)[ 2 (10 ) + 1]

6
385

10

k =1

10 (10 + 1)
2
55

10

( 2 k + 1)
k =1

10

10

k =1

k =1

k ( k + 1)

2 k + 1

k =1

10

(k

+ k)

k =1

10 (10 + 1)
= 2
+ 10
2

= 110 + 10
= 120

10

k
k =1

=
=
=

13

10

+k
k =1

10 (10 + 1)( 20 + 1) 10 (10 + 1)

6
2
385 + 55
440

20

k =10
20

k =1

k =1

k k

20 ( 20 + 1) 9(9 + 1)

2
2
= 210 45
= 165
=

14