:

Subject ..
Verb ..
Object ..


:
They study mathematics,,,,,,,
They ......Subject
study....Verb
mathematics...Object

Subject ..
Verb ..
Object ..

:
Study they mathematics

..

.


Pronouns
) (pronoun
(..
Noun
) Noun phrase
Nawal eats apple


She eats apple


: Demonstrative pronouns

:
)(this/that/these/those/such

That is incredible
I will never forget this
Such is my belief
: Personal pronouns

:
:
Subject personal pronouns

I, you ,he , she , it , we
I , he , she , it
We
You
She took the bus last night
He is aschool boy
We are Muslims
2

I stayed at home
You need another blanket
:
Object personal
pronouns

Me ,you , him , her ,it , us

John took it
Omar gave me a book
We sent you a letter
He adores her.
I saw it with my own eyes
They have just invited us to their wedding
We went with him
Possessive pronouns :

:
Mine , yours ,his , hers , ours , yours , theirs

This book is mine

This pencil case is yours
Mary is a relative of his
I've found hers
Ours need watering
Yours are bigger than mine
These are your notebooks and those are theirs
Reflexive pronouns :

: selves Self
3

my, your, our, him, her, it, them

myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves

She made this skirt herself

The queen herself was among the
demonstrators
The mayor himself spoke for the abolition of the
death penalty
Interrogative pronouns :

Wh
:
what, which, who, whom, and whose
/ Examples
What did you say

Who said that?

Which do you prefer?

...
Negative pronouns :


no-one, nobody, neither, none and nothing
4


Nobody is here
She is neither a British nor American

: Reciprocal pronouns

:
each other / one another
:


They write to each other / one another once a
month
..
: Relative pronouns

:
)(who/whoever/which/that

The student who studies hardest usually does

the best

: Quantifier

:
some, any, something, much, many, little, few ,
a lot

I have few literary books

They like orange so much


Nouns
( )
What is a noun
: ) (person (a
)thing
) ( a place ) (an animal ( an
idea
) ( Noun
A/ an/ the

)(Noun
)(Nouns
dog, cats, women, Sally, justice, strength,
departure
apples, England, California, Steve Young, mice
school, beach, kindness, food


Samara and Nora made a cake

( +)
The moon is far away from the earth

( )
His kindness was appreciated

( )
The plane will depart in twenty minutes

( )
( )
Concrete & abstract nouns
6

) (concrete N


Examples /
honey -pillows -fish -juice -
........
() Abstract N
:

Examples /
Thought -Wisdom -Freedom -Creativity -
I could smell dinner ****ing
) (Concrete N
I don't have much knowledge on the subject,
Professor
)(abstract N

Proper & common Nouns
:
Proper N

.

7


( )
Examples/
Nawal
Ramadan
Friday
Christianity
Islam
First World War


I will go with Sara tomorrow
:
Common Noun

Examples/
This woman is my sister

This is my teacher


Plural & singular forms

Ses

Friend
Friends
S
8


:
X , O , S , Sh , Ch , Z
Es
:
Box -- Boxes
Wash -- washes
Buzz -- buzzes
Class -- classes


S/es

Man -- men
Child -- children
Mouse -- mice
Foot --feet
Goose -- geese
Tooth -- teeth
Ox -- oxen
Woman -- women
louse -- lice
Y

I , o , u , e , a


Y

I

:
One country -- three countries

Y


S

Toy-- toys

F / fe
Ves

Leaf -- leaves

Nouns
( )


Examples /
Dear--- dear
Fish --- fish
Means --- means
Series--- series
Sheep--- sheep
Species --- species
Possessive Nouns

:

S
10


The girl
Naser
My wife
A lady

The girl's
Nasers
My wifes
A ladys

The red suitcase is Cassandra's
( )
This is Nasers pen
( )
:
()
S

'The girls--- the girls

'Their wives --- their wives
'The ladies--- the ladies


#
S
Man--- men
Child --- children
Mouse--- mice
Foot--- feet
Goose --- geese
Tooth --- teeth

11

Woman--- women
louse--- lice

S

The men--- the men's

My children--- my children's

Countable & Non-Countable Nouns

: Countable Nouns

.. .. .. ...

Book --- books

We painted the table red and the chairs blue


1 A/an
2 S/es

Many , a lot of ,some , two , three . four

A chair--- many chairs
A chair --- a lot of chairs
A chair --- some chairs
12

A chair --- three chairs

?How many ..

How many apples are there

: Non-Countable Nouns
)(or mass noun


, , ....
:
1 A/an2 S/es
Much , a lot of , some
water--- some water
water--- a lot of water
water--- much water

?How much

13


Verbs

What Is A Verb
: .

Subject + Verb+ Object

Samar reads a book

1 )(a verb

I come from Canada

)(come
2 ) ( Compound Verb

It will snow tomorrow

)(will snow
Willsnow

Present simpl
past simple
Future

14

Regular verbs & Irregular Verbs

We talk to our father

( ) )( talk

ed
We talked to our father
Talk-talked

ed

They go to school

Go ed

They went to school


Go --- went
ed Go

15


Present simple
What do we mean by Present simple




Present simple
present continous

How to form present simple

Present simple
: Subject + verb (s) +object
) (s
: ) (s

1 :
He , She , It

) (s
) (s
/ Examples
He sings in his room

She eats the apple

It snows in Alaska

)(s

He , She , it
16


We , they , I , you
)(s
2 :
) (s
/Examples
Naser sings in his room


Samar eats the apple


The Internet stops suddenly


: Subject + verb +object
) ( s

*
/ Examples
I , you , they ,we
They watch the T.V every day

We watch the T.V every day

You watch the T.V every day

I watch the T.V every day

) (s
They watches the T.V every day
17

 ) (s They
He , She ,it

Is , am , are
) (is
) (She , He , it
Is >>>>singular
/ Examples
She is a Muslim

He is a Muslim

It is a nice book

Huda is a Muslim girl

Are )(They ,we , you

Are>>>>>plural
/ Examples
They are Muslims

We are Muslims

You are Muslim

Am I
/ Examples
I am from Saudi Arabia

I is
are
)(Helping verb

18


When to use the present simple
/

.(Actions which happen regularly (every day,
every week, etc
/Examples
They go to school every day


She takes a shower every Friday


/ ( ,)...
/Examples
The sun rises from the east

The earth goes round the sun

/

/Examples
Nurses look after patients in hospitals


* Do / Does
do
I , you , they ,we
does
He , she ,it
19

 notDo / Does
Do / Does+ not
/Examples
I do not like rice

She does not like rice


How to form questions in present simple

/Example
She is Muslim



? V+Subject+the rest of the sentence +

Is she Muslim

They watch the T.V every day

:
Do they watch the T.V every day
*
Always, usually, often

20


Present Continuous




What do we mean by the term Present
Continuous
( )
**




When to use the Present Continuous
:




Now
/ Examples
Fahad and Mohammad are playing football now




(( ))

:



21

/ Examples
Ahmad is working for an oil company

(( ))


(())

Sara is studying music in New York

(( ))


(( ))

:



/ Examples
We are buying anew car as soon as the new
models come out

(( ))

As soon as
The new student is arriving next week

(( ))
22




Next week
:

always
/Example
My young son always is learning new things



/Example
Wake up ! you are always sleeping


:

/ Examples
I am taking six course this semester


She is writing another book this year



How to form The present Continuous


)(ing

)(is-am- are

23


I + am + V - ing
I ( am I
)am
)(ing
/Example
I am reading a nice story now


)she-he-it) + is + V- ing
She-he -it
is )(ing
/ Examples
She is trying to improve his work
It is raining


)we-you-they)+ are+ V -ing
we-you-they
are )(ing
/ Examples
They are sleeping now

You are singing beautifully

/ ((!!!))

/
Mental state
24

(know-realize-understand-recognize-believefeel-suppose-think-imagine-doubt-rememberforget-want-need-prefer-mean)

He is knowing

He knows
/
Emotional state
(love-like-appreciate-hate-dislike-fear-envymind -care)
/
Possession(posses-have-own-belong)
/
Sense perception
(taste-smell-hear-feel-see)
/
(seem-look-appear-cost-owe-weigh-be-existconsist of- contain-include)

How to form the negative


not

They are sleeping now

not

Is-am-are

They are not sleeping now

25


How to form Questions in Present Continuous

They are sleeping now

Are they sleeping now

26


The Present Perfect tense
:
(What do we mean by the term(Present Perfect

( _ -
....... )


* .
*

( )

( )

Samar: Read this book , it is very nice
Nora: I have read it already




?How to form the present perfect tense

Have / has
Past participle

Has / have + Past participle

27


has
She-he-it has

(Subject+has+ V (past participle

She-he-it has

/ Examples
She has learned French already

He has lost his keys

have
I-you-we-they have

(Subject- have+ V (past participle

I-you-we-they
have

/ Examples
I have met many people since I came here in
June

We have been here for two weeks

They have studied the lesson very good


?When to use the Present Perfect tense

()
28

 since

I have met many people since I came here in

June

He has spoken English since he was a child


( ) ( )
:

( )
for

He has studied English for along time

(
)
They have been here for several years


( )

:
( )

He has played football from time to time

29

He has appeared on television Occasionally

:

He has just left

She has worked very hard this week

Since for
Since

I have met many people since I came here in
June

For

He has studied English for along time

?How to make questions


They have studied the lesson very well
X

?Have they studied the lesson very well

have they
...
The negative
not never
have / has

30

They have studied the lesson very well

They have not studied the lesson very well

already

She has already gone

Just

-

?Do you like something to eat

No I have just had lunch
Yet

I have written the letter but I havent posted it
yet


?Has it stopped raining yet

:

This is the first time I have driven a car

Have you ever+V past participle
31


?Have you ever eaten caviar
?
?Have you ever read Hamlet
?

32



The present perfect continuous tense
Or
The present perfect Progressive tense

What do we mean by Present Perfect tense
()

( )

( )
:
( )
( )

( )

How to form The present perfect continuous
tense

HaveHas

Been

Ing

Have/has +Been+ V- ing
Been

Ing

: Singular
33

 has



She-He-It

Subject + has+ been + V ing

He has been working

: Plural
have


I we you - they

Subject + have+ been + V ing

They have been working

When to use The present perfect continuous
tense
( )


/ Examples
I have been sitting here since seven oclock
. .
( )
You have been studying for five hours
34


( )

It has been raining all day




Since for
All morning
All day
All week



The Present continuous

The Present Perfect continuous

I am writing the lesson

He has been repairing the car since seven

oclock

35


)( live-work- teach
- -

I have lived here since 1985

1985
I have been living here since 1985
1985

36