Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Agenda
Course Indians Charts 20 minutes Notes - Natives
Crash
Notes MURICAs!
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Why do historians generalize? Why is this bad? What dominated the lives of most American Tribes? What was religion like in Americans? How was the role of women different in America? How did Europeans view Americans? Both beauty and savagery?
Regional Differences
Cultures of Abundance
Accomplished Builders
Cultural Connections
Essential Question
HOW DID THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMPIRES IN AMERICA RELATE AND HOW DID THEY DEVELOP DIFFERENTLY?
Homework
them up
Breakin it Down
Essential Question - How were the Mayans, Incas and Aztecs similar and dissimilar? Why it matters now The civilizations discussed in this chapter have long withstanding roots in the Americas.
Mayans
Chapter 16 Section 2
Maya live in southern Mexico and northern Central America Mesoamerica Maya culture influenced by Olmec civilization
In Classic Period (250 to 900) Maya build spectacular cities Cities, like Tikal, have pyramids, temples, palaces, stone carvings
Urban Centers
Me at Chichen Itza!
Maya believe in many gods, who could be good, evil, or both Each day is a god whose behavior could be predicted with calendars
Religious Practices
Many ways of worshiping: prayer, offerings, giving blood Maya also make human sacrifices to please gods and balance world
Religion leads to advances in calendar, math, astronomy
In late 800s, Maya abandon cities; cause for abandonment unknown Signs of social problems:
In
700s, fighting among many Maya city-states Population growth, over-farming might have hurt environment By 1500s, Maya live in small, weak city-states
Aztecs
Chapter 16 Section 3
Geography
Mountain basin 7,500 feet above sea level, large lakes, fertile soil Teotihuacn and Toltec settle in valley, develop civilizations
An Early City-State
Teotihuacn city-state rises in first century A.D. At peak, in 500s, city has up to 200,000 people Serves as center of trade, especially of obsidian volcanic glass City quickly declines; by 750 is abandoned
Aztecs (or Mexica) arrive around 1200, begin working as soldiers By own legend, a god leads them to found city of Tenochtitln Triple Alliance1428 agreement of Aztec and two other city-states By early 1500s, Aztecs have large empire and rule 515 million people Causeways connect island city to mainland areas Canals enable people to carry goods to city and its huge main market
Noble classmilitary leaders, officials, priests rules Aztec society Nobles own vast estates, live life of wealth and luxury Commoners: merchants, artisans, soldiers, farmers Lowest class: enslaved people Emperors power is absolute, lives in palace, is revered
Many Gods
A New Ruler
In 1502, Montezuma II becomes emperor; he calls for more tribute These sacrifices lead to revolt in outlying areas Montezuma II tries to make life easier, but Aztecs worry about future Soon after, Spanish arrive
The Incas
Chapter 16 Section 4
Incan Beginnings
Inca live first in high plateau of Andes Mountains in Peru By 1200s, they have a kingdom in Valley of Cuzco Inca believe that their ruler is descended from sun god, Inti Pachacuti, a powerful and ambitious emperor, takes control in 1438 Under Pachacuti, Inca conquer lands holding 16 million people Inca use diplomacy and military force to achieve conquests
Organized Rule
Inca divide conquered lands into smaller units to govern easily Make Quechua official language of entire empire Inca build cities with same architecture for government buildings Government creates public works, including 14,000-mile road network Runners carry messages along the roads to different places Inca do not develop system of writing Might also have had elaborate twocalendar system
Government Record-Keeping
Inca Gods
Inca have fewer gods than Aztecs Creator god and sun god are most important
Great Cities
Cuzco has magnificent Temple of the Sun decorated in gold Other cities might have had religious importance as well
Problems Arise
In
1520s, Atahualpa and Huascar split empire Atahualpa wants control of whole empire and begins civil war This war weakens Inca state just before Spanish arrive