PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

1
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
)LAN (Local Area Network
)WAN (Wide Area Network
)MAN (Metropolitan Area Network
Network Bus
Network Ring
Network Star

:

TCP/IP
TCP/IP OSI

/ TCP

2
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
NIC

: Network Driver
: Windows Xp

3
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

FILES

PRINTERS CD-ROM MODEM

FAX

.

4
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

(LAN) Local Area Network

LAN
,

5
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
:
LANs
MANs
WANs
)LAN (Local Area Network
LAN

. )
(
.

10 100 1000

) ( .
.

Star

Ring

6
www.abahe.co.uk

Bus

PC Networking

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)WAN (Wide Area Network

( . .

)(Modem
) (x Kbps

.(x Mbps) .

)MAN (Metropolitan Area Network

MAN

MAN LANs

7
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

LAN

WAN

MAN

2000

1000

)(4 to 1000 Mbps

)(Kbps

) (Multiplexer

)(Multiplexer

Ethernet, Token-Ring,
FDDI

T1, X25. ISDN,

Modems

T1, X25. ISDN,

Modems

2424/

8
www.abahe.co.uk

, ,

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
LAN :
Bus -1 Backbone .
Star -2 .
Ring -2 .

:

: Network Bus

Coaxial .

Bus

) (Segment
.Linear Bus

9
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

) (

BNC .

CSMA/CD

...
.

Signals

.

Bus
Collision

.
10
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PC Networking

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) (
...

Terminator
.

Terminator

.
Bus:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .

Bus
. .

11
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

Repeater

12
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

: Network Ring

Token Passing Token

.

Token Free

13
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

Token .

Free Token

Token Passing

Bus

: Network Star
14
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

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)(Fast Ethernet

100 ) (Mbps
10
.

RJ-45 10/100Base-T ).(Cat5

RJ-45

. RJ-45

. 10/100Base-T

Cat5 .

.
15
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PC Networking

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) (traffic .

) (bandwidth .

) Cat(

.
) (crossover
.

:Hubs
-1 Active Hub .
-2 Passive Hub.
16
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

-3 Hybrid Hub .
Active Hub

Repeater

8 12 ) (

.Multiport Repeater

Passive Hub

.

Hubs Hybrid .

Star

) (Shielded Twisted Pair STP

Coaxial

.Fiber Optic

17
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
-1

-2 .
-3 .
-4
.

-5

-6

-7 .
-8

) (switch ""

. ) (

18
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PC Networking

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:
.
.
.
.
.

19
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PC Networking

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:

..

10 25...

20
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PC Networking

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! .....

:
TCP/IP 1969

)(US DEFENE ADVANCE RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY DARPA

IP
IP .

IP
...

21
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PC Networking

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TCP/IP

)(
"" :

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

TCP/IP 1970

DARPA

. ""

. TCP/IP

Hardware Software

.
22
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

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. TCP/IP

.
:
TCP/IP

)( .
ICMP
ARP.RARP

23
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

TCP/IP :OSI
) (Internet protocol

) (TCP/IP

) (packets

(TCP) Transmission Control Protocol and (IP) Internet protocol

: TCP/IP TCP/IP
) .(DARPA
.DARPA TCP/IP
24
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

Berkeley Software Distribution . TCP/IP

.

)(
.

IP

IP Address IP

..
Token-Ring Ethernet

) (
32 32

) (

25
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

255 32 4

255

208.148.28.60
63.209.3.102

) (

DOMIAN NAME SERVER

Class based addressing

26
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

000.000.000.000 -to- 127.255.255.255

16777216 .
2563
:

:

128.000.000.000 -TO- 191.255.255.255

65536 .
:

:

192.000.000.000 -TO- 223.255.255.255

256 .
) (
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
IP
Ping Echo Reqest Echo Reply
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
27
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

IP

IP

X ARP

ARP
ARP IP

Router ARP
. IP

ARP

) (TCP/IP

: .
.

TCP/IP

. OSI

TCP/IP ) 7( ) 4(

) 3( .
/ .
28
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

TCP/IP

. TCP/IP 3) 4 IP (TCP

.
.

) DNS Domain Name System (

.

) WINS Windows Internet Naming Service

NT NT .

HOSTS .
IP .

) POP3 Post Office Protocol (

.
.

) SMTP Simple Mail Transport Protocol

( .
.
29
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

) SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

) FTP File Transfer Protocol (

TCP

.FTP

)(.

) TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol

( UDP
.TFTP

FTP .

) HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol

(
.

- .

30
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
) Telnet(

.

) PING Packet Internet Groper (

Traceroute PING

.PING Traceroute

:
: TCP/IP
OSI :

:
:

:
. .

: :
31
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
:
: TCP/IP
.OSI

: ICMP ICMP .
.TCP/IP

: ARP IP

MAC

: RARP RARP
.RARP

:
: NBSTAT NETBIOS
.

: NETSTAT TCP/IP
TCP/IP ICMPTCP

.UDP

: winipcfg/ipconfig
MAC

IP.

32
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

/ TCP
TCP
) (ISNs .
.

.TCP
.

ISNs SYN
synchronize "" )

SYN .(SYNs
.ISNs

ISN ISN
.

ISN

) (ACK :
: A -> B SYN X
: A <- B ACK X
: A <- B SYN Y
: A ->B ACK Y

/ .

/ .

33
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

TCP
.ISN SYN

.SYN

TCP

)(.

TCP

. TCP TCP

.
TCP
.

.

.

. 1

.
.

.
.
1

TCP
34
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

TCP

. ""
.TCP

TCP
TCP .
. TCP

. .
.

35
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

; REPEATER ; ROUTER ; HUB :

NIC

....

Expansion Slot

.
36
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4

) IEEE
(of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Institute

48 ROM

24
24 .

Hardware

Firmware Software ROM

.

.Buses

8
37
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

16 32
64 64 .

Parallel
.

. Serial Transmission
.

1 .
2 .
3
4 .

RAM

.Buffering

38
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 Overflow.
6 .
.
:
1 .
2

.
3 .

39
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

) (Industry Standard Architecture

IBM PC XT, AT .

ISA

ISA 8 16 8
.
) (Micro Channel Architecture IBM 1988

MCA

16 32
.
) (Extended Industry Standard Architecture 1988

EISA

HP Compaq .NEC
32 33
.IS

PCI

) (Peripheral Component Interconnect Intel

1992 32 132 .

Plug and Play

:
Interrupt Request (IRQ) Lines

Levels

. :
40
www.abahe.co.uk

www.abahe.co.uk

2 9

PC Networking

EGA/VGA

COM1, COM3

Floppy Disk Controller

Parallel Port

Real -Time Clock

12

13

Math Coprocessor

14

IRQ3 IRQ5
.

Input Output I/O Port Base

.

Port
Hexadecimal format Base I/O
Port .

:
to 30F 300
to 31F 310

41
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
-1 .
-2 .Driver Software
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .

.
:

-1/ :Programmed I/O

Programmed I/O
.

I/O Address

42
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

2 Memory Shared Adapter

Memory Shared Adapter
RAM

3 )Direct Memory Access (DMA

Direct Memory Access

Bus Mastering Parallel Tasking

20 70

-4 :Bus Mastering
EISA MCA PCI .
43
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

Driver Network Card

:
-1 RISC
RISC Instruction Set Computing Reduced

.

-2 CISC
CISC Complex Instruction Set Computing

RISC CISC

RISC

.CISC

44
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

45
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
-1 .Coaxial Cable
-2 .Twisted Pair
-3 .Fiber Optic

Coaxial

thin coaxial 185

. 0.6 Base210

thick coaxial

500 .

1.2 Base510

185 500.

46
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

BNC

:
50 -1 ) ( RG-8RG-11

) (.

50 -2 RG-58 .
75 -3 RG-59 .
93 -4 RG-62 ARCnet.

)BNC (British Naval Connectors

BNC :

BNC cable connector.

BNC T connector.
BNC barrel connector.
BNC terminator.
Twisted pair

47
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

UTP STP

RJ-45 :

. :

1 HUP .

3 :

1 RJ-45

48
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PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

2 1

2
cross-over :

49
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PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

: Fiber optic

1 2

50
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

: HUB

: Switch

HUB

51
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

: Repeaters

.
: Bridges

: Routers

IP

52
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

BNC
BNC
BNC

BNC

Coaxial

BNC .

BNC RJ-45.

53
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

RJ-45

RJ-45

RJ-45

)(

HUB

54
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PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

RJ-45

RJ-45 .

UTP .RJ-45

55
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
:
.
:
8 .

1 .
2 ) (HUB .

3 .

4 .

5 .

56
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

: Network Driver

.

.

.
:

Redirector Network
) Input/Output (I/O

57
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.Network Driver Interface

:
Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) .

Open Data-Link Interface (ODI).

. NDIS
Novell NetWare .ODI

NDIS
ODI .

58
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PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

NDIS
:

1 .
2 .
3 .
NDIS :
1 .
2 .
3 Input/Output

Interrupts.

4 .
5

59
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PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

: Windows Xp

XP .

:
:
.
Cable :



.

60
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
61
www.abahe.co.uk

www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

:
: RJ

: RJ-45

.
62
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

RJ-45
:

.
:

63
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

PCI:

Cable
.

64
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
:

.
My Network Places
:

My Network Places :

65
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PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.Set Up a home or small office network

:

.Next

66
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PC Networking

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.Next

67
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PC Networking

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68
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

69
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

..

70
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.
.

.netsetup

71
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:

Windows Xp :

.ADSL

72
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PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

/ /
/.

: :
:

73
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.


.

) (Dial-up

.
(TCP/IP).

1988 ) ( .

) (Morris Virus
74
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

%10
60 .

:
.

75
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

1999

:

""

.
76
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
-

- )(Windows 95/98

) (server ) . (ftp Server

:
) (Virus Scanners

) (Attachment

.

77
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.

.

78
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:
:
:
.
.
.
.
.
:
)
( .

.
.

.
.

.
.
79
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.
.
.
.
.
:

-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
-4 .
-5

. ISO
:

.
.
.
.
80
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

Logs Event
.

Statistics Usage
.

Statistics Performance
.

:
1 .
2 .
3 .

81
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.
.
.

:

.sit Netview IBM's

.Manager SunNet
82
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.Manager Enterprise Spectrum

.CiscoWorks

Network Simple

(SNMP) Protocol Management

.

.
.

.
:

.
.
.
.
83
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.
.
.
.

.
....
.

:
.
.Hubs
.
84
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.
.
.
.

85
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:

.

:
.
.
.

Notebook

Terminator :

1 .
2 Terminator .
.
-3 .
.
86
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

Domain Time

(TDR) Reflectometer Analyzer Protocol

.

)BNC, AUI,
(RJ-45

87
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.
:

:
.(I/O) Input/Output
. Interrupt
.

.

: Model OSI

.Physical
.Network
.Application
:
.NWLink
.TCP/IP
88
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

DECnet IPX/SPX .AppleTalk

NWLink )

( SAP - Protocol Advertising Service

8 .

.Analyzer Protocol ) (

. TCP/IP
Network Routed :

-1 .Address IP
Mask Subnet -2
-3 Gateway Default ,
TCP/IP IP.

IP 32

89
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

IP :
ID Network The :
IP .

: ID Host The

IP .
IP

(NT Windows .

NT Windows Viewer Event

IP
.

90
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

IP :
-1 Start Settings Panel Control
.

91
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

. Panel Control Networks -2

. Protocols Networks -3
92
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PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

-4 TCP/IP Properties .

-5 IP OK .
93
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PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.Subnets
:

.
.
.
.
Subnets .ID Network

Masking Subnet

Addresses IP .Subnets Mask Subnet

32 Address IP
.

94
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

.
.

95
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

:

.

.

96
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Networking

www.abahe.co.uk

97
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