Quadratic Expressions (Binomial Products)

Products of Monomials
- (ax)2 = a2x2
- (abx)2 = a2 b2x2
a b
Products of Binomials a b
× c d c ac bc
- (a + b)(c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd bc bd d ad bd
ac ad
- (a ± b)2 = a2 ± 2ab + b2
- (a + b)(a b) = a2 b2 2
x x 1
a b
2
- (ax + b)(cx + d) = (ac)x + (ad + bc)x + bd × c d
bc bd
- (x + p)(x + q) = x2 + (p + q)x + pq ac ad

EXERCISE 1
1. Simplify:

(a) 3x 2 + (3 y )2 (b) (3 p 2 q)3 ÷ pq 2

Ans: 3 x 2 + 9 y 2 Ans: 27 p5 q

2. Compare each of the following set of operations, algebraic one and arithmetic one:

( x + 2)( x + 3) ( x + 2)(3 x + 4)
(a) (b)
12 × 13 12 × 23

(2 x + 3)(4 x + 5) ( x + 2)2
(c) (d)
23 × 45 12 × 12

.
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EXERCISE 2
1. Use the diagram to show:

(a) (a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2 (b) ( x + p )2 = x 2 + 2 px + p 2

(c) (a b)2 = a 2 2ab + b 2 (d) ( x p ) 2 = x 2 2 px + p 2

(e) (a + b)(a b) = a 2 b 2 (f) ( x + p )( x p) = x 2 p2

2. Product:

(a) ( x + 1)( x + 2) (b) (2 x + 3)(4 x 5)

Ans: x 2 + 3 x + 2 Ans: 8 x 2 + 2 x 15

(c) (2 x 3)(4 x + 5) (d) (2 x 3)(4 x 5)

Ans: 8 x 2 2 x 15 Ans: 8 x 2 22 x + 15
3. Product:

(a) (3 x + 2)(4 x + 5) (b) (2 p 3)(4 p + 7)

Ans: 12 x 2 + 23 x + 10 Ans: 8 p 2 + 2 p 21

(c) (2 x + 3 y )( x + 5 y ) (d) (3a 5b)(2a b)

Ans: 2 x 2 + 13 xy + 15 y 2 Ans: 6a 2 13ab + 5b 2

(e) (2 x + 5) 2 (f) (2 y 5)2

Ans: 4 x 2 + 20 x + 25 Ans: 4 y 2 20 y + 25

(g) (3 x + 2)2 (h) (3 x 2 y ) 2

Ans: 9 x 2 + 12 x + 4 Ans: 9 x 2 12 xy + 4 y 2

(i) (3 x + 2)(3 x 2) (j) (2 x + 5 y )(2 x 5 y )

Ans: 9 x 2 4 Ans: 4 x 2 25 y 2

(k) (2 p 2 3 pq)(q 2 2 pq )

Ans: 3 pq 3 4 p 3 q 4 p 2 q 2