a xW

br

UFw
gilik

1.

vgjjh vj vbjg ahkhL

gilik vD tHF. *

bghU : ahlJ vikahf gHdh gilik vD ebdia

milj vJ.
brhbghU : tHF - ebd.

2. milik Mw Fowj uL
gilik vD tHF. *

bghU: milatuhf fj, caj Fow Ma uL

gghs a.
brhbghU : Mw - caj.

3. cWbghj kfbsh mwh btWjf
gbghj xgjh x.
bghU : clgh xUj kfnshL xik mW. bghUjjf
ggh xUjny kfshf bfhsjf xikahF.

4. eabdhL e j gaDilah
ggh uhL cyF.
bghU : neikia mwijbfhL wUF cjj ntL.
mjifa gghsiuna cyf nghW.
brhbghU : ea - neik; e - cj.

5. eifS dhJ f gifS
gs ghlth khL. *
bghU : isahlhf xUtiu fJ ngRjY Jgij jU. wUila
aig mJ elgtl gifikUD ey gf
UF.
brhbghU : eifS - isahlhf; ghlth - beilah.


6.

gilah gLL cyf mJnw

kF khtJ k. *

bghU : cyf gilatfshny iybgW UwJ. iyba,

yf knzhL kzhmJL.
brhbghU : khtJ -mtJ.

7.

munghY Tika nuD kunght

kfg() yh jt. *

bghU : munghw Tikahd milahuhf UD, kfSFa

g yhjt Xuila kukhfnt fUjgLth.
brhbghU : mu - this TikahF fU.

8.

eghwh uh eay brthF

gghwh uhj fil.

bghU : ebfhs ayhjtuh F brgtlY gilatuh

gHf ayhjJ thd brayhF.

9.

efty myhF khU Phy

gfYgh gl U.

bghU : wnuhL gH ng J kH ayhjtUF fbga

yf gfY Ushfnt njhW.
brhbghU: efty - J kgt; khU Phy - fbga cyf.

10.

gyh bgw bgUbrt egh

fyik ah jW.

bghU : gyhjt bgw bgUbrtkhdJ, ghu jikah ey

gh jJnghwJ.
brhbghU : jW - jJnghwJ.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. bghU vGJf.
1. khtJ =
2. eay =

3. kF =
4. Phy =

5. mu =
6. fy =

brhbghU : e - e; eay - F, ikaw; fil - .

2.

J vGJf.

4. gaDilah =

2. gilik =

5. gilah =

3. kfbsh =

3.

nrJ vGJf.

1. m + cilik =

4. g + xj =

2. kf + g

5. g + yh =

3. J + mW

4.

vbrh mf.

1.
vJ X

4.
gaDilah X

2.
ghuhL
X

5.
eif X

3.
gif X

6.
gf X

5.

1. vbjg

J vGJf.

mcilikMwFowjuL
gcilikvD tHF.
6.

Kiwkha mofis KiwgL vGJf.

gifS gs ghlth khL

eifS dhJ f.

7.

ctikia bghUSl bghU vGJf.

munghY Tika nuD kunght

kfg yh jt.

M) FWdhf

1. cyf iybgUf fhuz ahJ?

2. kunght - ah? V?

3. gfY Ushf njhW - ahUF?

4. gyhjt bgw brt vjifaJ?

) Wdhf

1. caj gghs af ahit?

2. cyfjhuh ghuhlgLgt ah? V?

<) beLdh

gilikiag tSt Ts fUJfis bjhFJ vGJf.

UtUgh
* thoa giu flngh bjyh

thond gdh isnj

Lnjh uJ gawh jaj
btwiu fLs gijnj
oa ah tUJ nwhv
necw fLs Jonj
<okh fsh ViHf shbe
isjt jikfnl isnj. *
- uhkfmofsh

brhbghU : gawhJ - gJa fhJ; maj - fisw; oa - uhj.

Ma F

bga

uhkf mofsh

bgnwh

uhikah - dik

: jguJF mUYs kU

w bga

UtUufhr tsyh.

w
: tl rkur Rj rkhf rf, ra
Phdrig, ra jUkrhiy Matiw
Wdh.

aa f : UtUgh, tfhUa xGf, kDKiw

fl thrf Kjad.
fhy

05. 10. 1823 Kj 30. 01. 1874 tiu

bghU : tho JtLlj gfis flnghJ kd bgJ

thlkilnj ; twhu cQ th gJauh fisW,
LnjhW uJ ngha cz clbkj tnahiu fL cs
gijnw ; uhj bfhoa ah Jnwhiu fL cs Jonj;
wl ugjF eh clY csK iej ViHfis fL cs
bknw vd tsyh, j kdJaiu btgLJwh.

F : U + mU + gh = UtUgh. iwt UtUis bgWtjfhf ghoa ghl

vW, iwt UtUsh ghoa ghl vW Utifahf bghU Twyh. ~J
IahuJ vW gbdL ghl bfhlJ. e ghlgF is bgUzg
vD jiy lbgWsJ.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. uJ

2. maj

3. gawhJ

1. bghU vGJf.

2. J vGJf.

1. flnghbjyh

2. gawhJ

3. LnjhuJ

4. fLs

3. nrJ vGJf.

1. ne + cw

2. beR + isjt =

4. nfhol lij uf.

1. UtUghit aat

2. UtUgh lbgWs ghlf vif

M) FWdhf

1. UtUgh - F vGJf.

2. uhkf mofsh kd gijjjfhd fhuz ahJ?

) Wdhf

1. uhkf mofsh - F vGJf.

2. tsyh tUj fhuz vd?

 ciueil

jH tha
gil jH maJiw bgUyik bgW Ujd
vgjid
gHj
yaf
czJwd.
nkiyehlh
fljjhf TwgL gy cikfis gy whLfSF Kdnu
jHU mUjd.
bjhfha, rf yaf, UFw,
ygfhu, knkfiy, tfjhk, fguhkhaz, Uku,
Uthrf Kja f _y gHjH ifahl ma
EQffis fhzyh.
tha m

cyf Ijfsha y, , btg, fhW, thd Ma IJ

cslaJ vd bjhfha FLwJ.

y t RnghL IJ

fyj kaf Mj... (bjhfha, bghU. 635)

JnghwbjhU Fig tU weh}W ghl czJ.

kj yD
y Va R
R ijtU t
tjiy a
Kua U vwhF
IbgUjJ aif ngh... (w, 2)

cyf jilah? cUilah ?

ml bt RW j cyfg jH MJsd.
nkiy ehlh, gidjh whoF Ktiu, cyf jilahdJ
vnw e tjd. gidjh whojh nghyJ ehil rhj
nfhyuh vgt cyf jil iy, cUilahdJ vd
7

jH ma jid FljfJ tha ga mthF.

PhW, f vd Muha Kglnghnj tha M njhlJ
vdyh. cy njha gntW ma ff f bjhikahdJ,
giHikahdJ tha f.

Kiwahf fJ Tdh. Mdh, mjid vtU VW bfhsiy.

gdhwh who thj fnah, cyf cUilahdJ vgjid
j
bjhiynehah
fLoJ
brhd
wFjh
kf
VWbfhld. nkiy ehod fljjF gy whLfSF
Kng brhaJ xU jFu. mjFuYF cat UtSt. t,

RHW VdJ cyf mjdh

cHJ cHnt jiy

- Fw, 1031

vD Fwgh cyf RHwJ vd TWwh. cUilahd

bghUjh RHY vgJ ma cik. vdnt, cyf cUilahf
UF vgjid vj fU yhj mfhy tSt czJ j
Fw ifahLsik aFaJ.
PhWfh
thdbt fbga PhW. Phiw tgL tHf
thda kugh clhdJ vdyh. ygfhu snfhtof, PhW
nghWJ PhW nghWJ vd Phiw nghsikia fhzyh.
Phiw Rs ghijia PhW tl vwd gHjH vd
weh}W FLwJ.

brPhW bry mPhW

g g Nj koyK

- w, 30

ghl thyhf PhW tl, mj af, mjukh F

thbt kly vgdga tha mit czuKowJ.
8

f njhw
jhnd xlToa Phiw eh vd, PhlUJ xbgW
xlToatiw nfh vd giljH FLsd.
f, jhdhf xRtiy. j tha cikia UFw
btgLJwJ.
khj Kfngh xl tiyna
fhjiy th k.

- Fw, 1118

Fw fSF jhdhf xL jik iy vD tha

cikia mayh. fis gh bfhlW (Fw, 1146) vD Fw
bjhl, f kiw (ruufz) gajhF. f iyia
fU njiw, tsiw vd FJsd.
nfhf ga jH fUJ
cyF x CL Phiw fis jh flj
nfhfis izJ Hikah PhW, f, brth, j,
ahH, bt, r vd fL, j thanyhL izJbfhltf
jHf. mtf ny D fis nfhfis
fL, ma t bjthd tha mbgwtfshf fjhf.
nfhf w, tot Kjatiwg jH mUjd.
brwkh Uj nfhis brth vd miHjd. iwa ma
tYef brthnfh, k t wkh Ugjid mF brWs
braifnfh mD xglf thyh btgLsd.
btik wKila nfhis bt vd miHjd. btnfh
btjhJ Ugjid W ma M ygLsJ. PhW

cjaF Kng bt vGJ oaiy czJtjdh jid obt

vwd.
jhf flj nfhis j vd miHjd. jhf mjjdh
mjF, mt vd bgaUL.
ah vwh bga, iwj vd bghUgL. th bga nfhshf
ty tUtjidna ahH vwd.
rnfhis fhnfh vd miHjd. nfh fjf Ugjhf
iwa ma M TWwJ. jdh nfhf w, tot, mj
jik Kjatiw jHf mUjhf vgJ bjthwJ.
tht gaz

thd, PhW, f, , nfhf vgd kjUF a

bghUfshfjh UUwd. UD, kjf mdhY
MwdhY bjhl KadhY tha f ehnjhW J jhf
LfgL tUwd. th gwit gwgjid fl kj, jhD
gwf Kokh vd fgid brjh. mfgid cikahdbghGJ, th}
cUthaJ. gHj yaf tht gazf lbgWsd.
tyt Vth thd (w, 27:8) vD wghl t, rf fhynyna
XLe yh thd UjJ vD afjf bria
jUwJ. th} XLwtid j tyt vd miHw brhnyhL
th}ia flj weh}W jH ekF Kndhojhnd. ekh,
tiw bayh fgid vW xJl aYkh?
y, knkfiy tht gazfga FfS,
tfjhk kbgh khd brawD, fguhkhaz
uhtz brYa gf khdK, bgUfij th} totK,
mjid aF Kiwikga thgaz brf fhzgLwd.
Mfnt, gHjH yij fliy kLkyhk ythdij MSik
brjtf vgJ btgil.
kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. J vGJf.

1. tha

2. bjir

10

 3. Ij

4. gHjH

5. th}

2. nrJ vGJf.

1. fhy

+ njhW =

2. brik + PhW =

3. k

4. bgUik + yik =

+ bgh =

3. nfhol lij uf.

1. jH ma jid FljfJ

2. cyf

3. cyf cUil totkhdJ vd Ta Kj jFu

4. thbt cs fbga

5. jhnk xl Toait

MdJ vd bjhfha FLwJ.

.
.
vdgld.

1. giljH ma
yaf ahit ?

mit

bgUjd

vgjid

2. Ijfg bjhfha FL br ahJ?

3. cyf cUil totkhdJ vdTa nkiyehlt aht?

4. cyf RHwJ vgjid UFwt sFf.

5. fis gh bfhlW sFf.

) Wdhf

1. nfhf w, totg sFf.

2. PhW tl vgjid gHjH vthW mUjd?

3. tht gaz - F vGJf.

<) beLdhf

1. jH tha m wJ sd vgjid Wf.

2. gilj yaf th}ga Ffis ygLJf.

11

ygLJ

M) FWdhf

 Jizghl

fnah f
jh eho igrh efu xU khiybghG jiyik jt
nfh tghL elJ bfhoUjJ.

midt ghit Mltid neh

UjJ; Mdh, xU Wt ghit kL
mF Cryho bfhoUj bjhlsJ
UjJ.
mWt taJ gndGjh. jF
KdhTl vjidnahKiw mt nfhYF
tUjhY, Wnghy mbjhls
Cryhl
mtid
ghjiy.
mJ
iuthf ModhY, bkJthf ModhY
xUKiw MLtjF, m~J vLJbfhl neu
xwhfnt Ugjid mt czjh.
jid vgo rghgJ? mt, jdJ
ehoJoigna msthfbfhL rghjh.
jh va fUJ rahdJjh vd
mjnghJ f kailjh. mWtDila Kj ma
fLong kUJtJiw ehoJoig fzL fUia
fLof Lnfhyh mikjJ.
fofhu bgLyij - Criy -mikJ neuij fzl
cjaJ.
Cr fLoj mWtjh tha MF Kndhoahf
sa fnah f.
sikgUt
fnah jh ehoYs igrh efu 1564M ML ut
f gidjh eh wjh. mt jijah bga brnrhf.
tfuhd mt, irY XaY njbgW sdh. fnah,
j sikfhyUnj aifJ maJ Fj Mt
cilatuh sdh. kUJt gog jkUF Ugij
jijahl btgLdh.

12

fza tYe
fnah, igrh efu gfiyfHf kUJtJiw khztuh
nrj FWa fhyF ma mtj Kj fLo fjJ.
mJjh Cr. gfiyfHf mt gY Jiw fzF ghlkhf
mikaiy. xUKiw fzF tYe xUt Ritahf fzF el
bfhoUjjid jbrayhf mt nflh. gy eh, mt fza
iuahs miw kiwUJ fzF ghlfis nflh. Mfnt,
fz f ehlbfhL, wj gy Mfis btlh. mjdh,
jKila Ugijjh mfitnyna igrhefu gfiyfHf
fza nguhauhf gakjglh.
ma M

gy Mlhf mlho Ta fUJ rahdJjh vW

bghJkfS e tjd. Mdh, fnah fUij x
bfhsiy. vdnt, jKila fUij M_y bkJ fhl
Udh. bghJkf Kiy igrh nfhu jhnk V W
gL (nyh) vil, xU gL (nyhvil bfhl U
UFLfis xnu neu nkUJ nH Hbrjh. mit
uL xnu neu jiuia bjhld. jidfl bghJkf
fnah Tajid xbfhld. jdh, fnah f xUw
guaJ; bdhUwnkh gifik tsjJ.
fnah, 1592M Mo gJth gfiyfHf fza
iuahsuhf gahdh. t, fzF thaYg iu
MdhY,
iyafaY
bghaY
M
f
bfhoUjh.
t,
fhW
kW
btgmsia
KjKjyhf
cUthdh; uhQt bghahsfS Jgh ufS vjhf
fzLtjF fzFfUia totikjh.
tha M

fnahF K thaga bfhiffis btl
mlhoY, jhy Kja thayhsU y ml ikagF
vd, m~J mirahjJ, iyahdJ vd Ttjd. Naid Rna
13

fnah, igrhefu gfiyfHf gj fhy ma

Mfis brJ fhodh. xUrka, jJtnkij mlho
fLo xwid fnah gof nejJ. mlho fUJgo,
xnu neu cauUJ vagL bghUfS vil Fj bghU
iuthf, vil Fiwj bghU bkJthf yij tjil
vUjJ.

 efwJ vgJ tha mP nfhgf tha bfhifahF.

Mdh, mtj fUJ VWbfhsgliy.

tha M xU UKidia VgLaJ fnah

bjhiyneh. bjhiy cs bghUUJ tU xfiu
nfhsMo_y xUFuo fUF bfhLjh, mj w F
vgjid czjh. jdogil 1610M Mo bjhiynehia
mikJ btia M brjh. gh vgJ gynfho f
bjhF vd bkjh. y nkgu fuLKulhdJ vW, kiyfS
gsjhFfS iwjJ vW bjhiyneh_y flJ Tdh.
mP nfhgfR Ta fUjhdJ, ml ika aW,
Nand. Naid w nfhfS R tUwd. t, Na
efUtjhf njhWtJ RHdhjh vD fUij bkjh.
bjhiyneh tahf jid midtUF czdh. ahHnfhis
R ehF W nfhf R tUtjid btgLdh. Mdh, fnah
thj fhy mtUila fUJf VWbfhsgliy. it kj
bfhiffSF vuhdit vW, nfhgfR Tiw cWgLaJ Fw
vW, fnah jbfhiffis ybfhsntL vd kjthf
tWdhf. mtf othjjh 1616M Mo mt, o iw
itfglh.
Wfhy

gntW JgfSF il 1632M Mo cyf
Kjikahd U Kiwikfisga ciuahl vD jiyY, mtuJ
fghit bgJ ka iy, 1638M Mo a maiy rhj
U ciuahl vD jiyY fwj fis vG btlh.
mfis mogilahfbfhnl mamP Ir l jKila
bfhiffis cUthdh. Wfhy KGtjid JgJl fj
fnah, 1642M ML rdt fsW yf thit jh.
fnah fLoj ma cikfis mt fhy
VWbfhsiy vwhY, mt fLof rahdit vW iwa
ma Jiw VWbfhlnj, mtUila fod ciHF fbga V
MF.
kh dh

fLiu dh
fnah ma fLof FJ vGJf.

14

yfz

z : a, fhu
khzt : tzf, Iah.
Ma :
tzf. cfhUf.
brUfsh?
khzt

Ukz

eilbgW

oF

: brUnwh, Iah.

Ma : r r. eh brYlf vyh eilbgW ffis

ewhf cWnehFj ntL; cWneh bjJ

bfhtJ
fjh.
ffis
brafisg

V, vgo, vthW, vjdh vd ekFnsna dhf
vG j ntL. ililfhjnghJ bgatfl
nfL bjJbfhSj ntL. r. Ukz oK
vj kuij fLthf?
: thiHku, Iah.

Ma : eF cWnehUwh. k. iwtDF njfh,

khiy tWl vj gHij itghf?
khzt

: thiHgH, Iah.

Ma : M. thiHku, thiHgH. U brhfis nehFf.

Kj brh thiH + ku = thiHku vd Ubrhf
izJ vjifa khwK yhk mgona nrJsd.
ulhtJ brh thiH + gH = thiHgH vd Ubrhf
iznghJ td bk () nrJ tJsJ. thW
Ubrhf iztjF z vgJ bga.
khzt : Iah, j U bjhlfY f brhw z xWngh
iyna !
Ma :
rahf brhdh. Kj bjhl az
ulhtJ bjhl fhuz lbgWsd.

iybkh
tUbkh
nrUnghJ
vjkhwK
Vgliybawh, m~J azahF. fns
vLJfhil TWf.
khzt : bgh + tisa = bghtisa; ky + khiy = kykhiy;
gid + ku = gidku.

15

khzt

Ma : bjthf brhdh. iz Ubrhf Kjbrh

iybkh vdgL. iybkh W, vGjhf
(bkahf) Ujh bkpW vd brhYj ntL.
cbkahf Ujh, cW vd brhYj ntL.
bgh + tisa - iybkh bkpW.
gid + ku - iybkh W vGjha id ( + I ) cW.
F : 1. X vGJ brh kL c <W btgilahf bj.
( + ojJ = ojJ )
2. X vGJ brhyhf cbk vGJ tUnghJ ( + C) vd
J c <iw fhQj ntL. ( + C) + jJ = jJ.
khzt : wJ, Iah. tUbkhia vthW miHfyh?

Ma : ey nf. tUbkh Kj vGJ cbkahf Ujh,

bk Kj vd brhYj ntL.
cuhf Ujh

cKj vd brhYj ntL.
(v.fh.) bgh + tisa = bgh tisa ( + m) F

bkKj. f + mHF = fzHF (F m cKj) iybkh
<iw tUbkh Kjiy ewhf bjJ bfhlhjh
zia JbfhSj aY.
khzt

: ewhf jJ, Iah.

Ma : iybkh tUbkh nrUnghJ khwf VgLkhdh,

mjid fhuz vg.
(v.fh.) 1.

gyh + Ris = gyhRis - bk njhaJ.

2. gl + fh = glfh - iybkh <WbfL bk

njhaJ. ( kiwJ njhaJ)

3. bgh + iy = bghiy - iybkh <W jJ.
(- MdJ)

thW
fhuz

vd _tifgL.

njhw,

bfLj,

fhuzF y vLJfhLf TWf.

khzt :
kh + gH = khgH, tlF + ir = tlir,
kz + nfhy = kznfhy, m + iz = m~iz.
Ma : mUik mUik. z
mltizgLjyh.

16

tiffis

fUgyif

az

fhuz

thiH + ku = thiHku

1. njhw : U + Fw = UFw ()

2. bfLj : ku + nt = kunt ()

3. j : g + bgho = gbgho ()

Lgl lfis uf.

1. thiH +

2. tl + gyif

thiHgH 3. gRik +

= igT

4. gid + ku =

kh dhf
m) wtadhf
1. bghUJf.
1. az - ghl + ntis
- bgh + Fl

2. njhw

3.
j - thiH +
Fiy
4. bfLj

- j + k

2. nfhol lij uf.

1. iybkh <bwGJ tUbkh KjbyGJ nrtjF
2. m + iz vgJ

vgJ bga.

vd zU.

3. njhw, j, bfLj vgd

z MF.

3. ca ilia njJ vGJf.

1. thiH + njhl vgJ

m) az

z.
M) fhuz

) irbgaz

2. iybkh tUbkh vj khwK yhk ztJ

m) az M) fhuz ) gbgaz
3. fhuz

tifgL.

m) IJ M) MW ) _W
M) FWdhf
1. z vwh vd? rhW jUf.
2. fhuz vjid tifgL? j fhu rhW jUf.
3. ghl + jf. jid nrbjG, vtif z vgjid FLf.

17

tFgiwwf
m) ngRj w

fhQ jiy IJ kJf ngRf.

eh iugl fPdhdh...

M) goj w

fhQ gia goJ ea mf.

vlauJ murit Uj fhkehj vgtUF ghuahJ btW

VglJ. ghl idt tytuhd ghuia ghlyhnyna WikgLj ntL vW
idjh. vdnt, ghu d ga vD <woia bfhLJ ghuahl ghl
xwid ghlbrhdh. fhkehj cnehfij Jbfhl ghuah,
ghliy gho Kojh. mt, mghliy GsthW mikUjh.

fhkehjidgh m dga

) vGJj w

glf thyhf fUJfis btgLJ w.

(v.fh.)

fhaofS ghuahU neUF neuhf rjh vd ng bfhthf?

ciuahl tot xU gfF fhk vGJf.

fhaof : thUf, ghuahnu! eykhf Ufsh?

ghuah : Ljiy, Ljiy, Ljiy.
fhaof :

vd, Iah! cf eyij nflh Ljiy vW TWfns? ahUF

Ljiy ntL?

ghuah : kfhkh mtfns, vij jh kJ Fyha ehilfhz

MtnyhL Xo tnj. vnd a! eh Kj EiHjJ xU f
tFD; MQF nf bg isiy fhbzW ghondnd,
mjid v ffsh mF fnl. MfSF izahf
bgfS mF fa bgWwd. ehLF Ljiy,
bgQF Ljiy. nghJ jjh eh V Ljiyiag
Tnd vW? Iah, f vF br? ahiu fO?

18

fhaof : xU gF brnw. mF khzhff goJbfhoUjhf.

mjid fL f agilnj.
ghuah

: mgobad mF fO?

fhaof : mtut jhbkh f ff ntLbkgnj v Ug.

mg jhbkhtf eilbgWbfhoUjJ. v Ug
iwntajid fL f ktilnj.
: e Ut vzfS iwntajid fL vdF kahf
ghuah
csJ.

e, Iah. L rngh.

fhaof :

e, ehD brW tUnw.

gilghw

it rjh vd ng bfhS?

bkhw g
1.

td F lf ytiw mnth

m , vD RblGJf tbyhW F.

(v.fh.)

v vD dh vG tbyhW F.

(v.fh.)

mj, j vD RLf tbyhW F.

(v.fh.)

mgo, go, vgo vD brhf tbyhW F.

(v.fh.)

m + f = mf, + jf = jf

v + bghU = vbghU

mj + iga = mj iga, j + g = j g

mgo + nf = mgonf, go + br = gobr

19

 vgo + gojh = vgo gojh

mtif, tif, vtif vD brhf tbyhW F.
(v.fh.) mtif ngR
, j, kW, kw, kiw vD brhf tbyhW F.
(v.fh.) ngRth.
ulh ntWik, ehfh ntWik tbyhW F.
(v.fh.) glij ghjh, mtDF bfhL.
ulh ntWik cU gaD clbjhfbjhif tbyhW F
(v.fh.) jFl
_wh ntWik cU gaD clbjhfbjhif tbyhW F.

(v.fh.) gLnriy

ehfh ntWik m~iz bgaf tbyhW F.

(v.fh.) Tbjh

Ijh ntWik cU gaD clbjhfbjhif tbyhW F.

(v.fh.) d

VHh ntWik cU gaD clbjhfbjhif tbyhW F.

(v.fh.) gh
VHh ntWikbjhif tbyhW F.
(v.fh.) Fowjh

g
m) njitahd lf td bkL vGJf.

1. bt z iyaf.

2. ehlf vgJ cyf ffis fhL fzho.

3. ijf edh bghf goif bfhlhlgLwJ.

4. ghgUf jjh.

5. cWahf brnt vW thF bfhLjh.

6. mj igadh go brhdh?

7. j braiy vgo brjh?

M)
tdbk nrbjGJf.

1. j + iga =

3.
+ Fl =

2. + ngR =
4. gh + njh =

20

2.

jbHf TLj fhf.

1.

4.

2.

5.

3.

3. fLiu g : ciHng ca
jaf jnyna ngRnth
mgh : vy RF tjhny Jjh uhs, ghjhah? fhiuTl
ghbra Koay.
kf : lho, mnf ghUf, mf xU ns UF.
mgh : mghlh! xU tah gh brjh. dh, gh, cfnshl vyh
vLJFf. k l bfhLJL f ns gzyh. Xnf jhnd.
kf : lho, I tUJ ghUf. vdF thjhf.

ciuahl
nkfl
jbrhf mikJ vGJf.

lbgWs

21

wbkh

brhfSF

izahd

mgh : neh, neh cdF Vbfdnt t Mf UF. I rhlh ehisF

TYF nghf KoahJ.

thifw
fYF fhz
fa ewhf gogh. Mdh, nj vGJ neu kL, mt gojtiw
kwJLth. jdh, mtsh mf kbg bgw Koaiy. bgnwhU MaU
mt ewhf gofToat vgjid mthf. Kjkbg bgw, mt nkY
Ka brantL vW vQwd. Mdh, gojtiw nj neu
kwJLtJ mtSF kLjh bj.
faF Vgl f vd?
fYF vthW fhgh?
idthwiy tsJbfhtJ vgo?

kf
eifRitz
fhaofS, neU xUKiw eilgaz nkbfhoUjd. mnghJ t
_wo mfyKs fhth xW FWlJ. mjid fl neU, J ndh
brW fhthia jhodh. Mdh, fhaof fhthUj ffJ fh
itJ jhobrwh. mnghJ neU fhaofl, j fhthia xnuKiw
cfsh jhl Koahjh? vW nflh.
mjF fhaof eh idUjh jhoUng. Mdh, _wo u
Kndh brtjF Mwo bjhiy ndh bry ntLkh? nghKid
thf Tlhjyth? vW T eifjh.
fhaof eifRit czft vgjid f vLJiuwJ.

22

tsu braghLf
nfl w

braghL - 1

fhQ ciugia Ma gof, khztf cWnfL, dhfSF

il mf.

t. Rg. kh., vd RUfkhf miHfgL tutnfh Rukadh
kfdh khf vgh gyhLfshf jGF iyj bjhlhat.
mtj sikfhy elj xU f. t. Rg. kh., j gbdlh ta,
gkh ( iwa ahk ) jiyefuhd uT X mfho ntiy
brjh. xUeh, mfho cikahs jik njo xUt tUth vd, mt
tUnghJ jh iy vd TWgo t. Rg. khfJF flislh.
Mdh, mtUF kWbkhahf, mfho cikahs bt brUjh
iy vng; mt UFnghJ nflh vthW iy vd brhtJ? eh
mgobayh bgh Twkhnl vd cikahsl t. Rg. khf cWahf
Tdh. jdh, d bfhl cikahs mnw mtiu ntiyUJ ,
ahF U mDlh. fnt, fhy t. Rg. khfij
bgh brhyh khf vd bgUiknahL miHf fhuzkhf mikjJ.

ngRj w

braghL - 2

Ut ciuahl
fhQ ciuahliy Funyw wfJl cz btgLkhW ngRf.
makh : midna! idna bjhGnj! jf tu etuthFf!
Uif cfhUf.
xsitah : k! k! yyf nghW Lf mah, bfhw
thf! f XFf!
makh : jf fGiuF u jh gnw. midna! mD
mjhd xU bghUis cfSF mJ mahf bgw
Unw.
xsitah : mD mjhd bghUsh? m~bjd? mjid ma eh f
Mtyhf cns.
makh : xsitna, njh mj ma bghU; vLJ cQf.
xsitah : vd J? befah?

23

dhf
1. ciug TwbgW jHP ah?
2. t. Rg. kh., jKila gbdlh ta vF ntiy brjh?
3. mfho cikahsl t. Rg. kh., Ta kWbkh ahJ?
4. t. Rg. kh., th elj f mtiu vd bgUikgLaJ?
5. iugah mJbfhtJ vd?

makh : M. xsitna, befia vjhf

RitJ ghUf.
xsitah :

vlhf;

(thL Ritwh.) M! vd Rit, vd Rit! jidjh

mj vwhfnsh? f a Rit vW v id
iyUF. ts Ritahd fia czhk vdfj
fhuz vd?

makh : brhnw, xsitna. befia clt beLfhy

L thUg.
xsitah : mgobawh, ayth fia coUj ntL?
kf FgJ iwntWw aynth beLfhy thj
ntL? eiu _jhoaha vdfjnj?

makh : midna! murh brw vidl mKjj mHa

ghlfis vehS aW fjh fia cgjF
jFahdt. mjdh, f thG ehtiu jG thUF
myth!
xsitah : mah, c brafL ah bgUkailnw. jJ
bfhLs gW vid bgUik bfhs brwJ. ju
j cstiu bgaU iyUF. XFf
jhbkhgW!
makh

: f k! L xUKiw jfis gJ tzFnw.

goj w

braghL - 3

fhQ ciugia bghU sf Funyw wfJlD cz

btgLkhW goJfhLf.
kwFo kifbahU, giftiu btW, bt udhf tUf vd th
j kfid nghUF mDUjh. Mdh eljbjd? xU u tJ, mkh!
c kf ngh wfho Xo lh vwh.
mjid nfl Kat bfhbjGjh. kfnd! cidg gobahU
thd brhiy nffth eh thUnj? jfhfth eh cid
bgW bgUikahf tsnj? eh Coa uz bayh vnf ngh
xjd? mnjh! ttahf tj e kwFoF khRlhlhna! , eh
v brnt? vthW w Kf ng? ml gjnu! vUJ tJ vdF
kfdhf wjh? c cbud mts bgjh? ml, nghUF m wfho
XL nfhiHna! xU jHdh? vW fLd bfhL yathnw nghfs
neh Xodh. mF wJ lF zfis uo uo ghjh. Mdh,
mt mF flbjd? j kf, be m ghJ wJ ljjid
flh. flJ mtid bgwnghJ ctjjidl bgJ ctjh.

24

vGJj w
brhfis gagL brhbwhl mikj

braghL 4

fhQ gfis bjhl Kjnyh ilnyh Wnyh gagL

bjhlfis iw brf.
(m,
J,

mlf,
ik,

ik,
<if,
g,
bghWik)

cik,

cj,

vik,

f,

mng MU kUjhF.
mlf th cathF.

tifgL vGJj

braghL 5

fhQ gfis mltizgLJf.

uf, vik, fLik, jdy, mGfhW, xu, mlf, eLiyik,
bgh ngrhik, vJ ngRj
eg

a g

uf

fLik

25

FbgLj

braghL 6

Lgl flf fhaof w gfis vG uf.

vik

bghWik

gilghw

braghL 7

fhQ gl czJ fUJfis IJ tf vGJf.

brhYUthFj

braghL 8

fhQ brhfUJ a brhfis cUthFf.

(v.fh.) eifRit - eif, Rit, eit, if, if it, itif, eR, it.
1. Ujf

2. GJf

3. fha

4. kUJtJiw -
5. fUjuf

26

bghUsj

braghL 9

fhQ bjhlf xUbrh L L tUtjid fhf. xbthU

bjhlY mbrh jU bghUis mJ vGJf.
1. xW glh cL thnt

2. xnw Fy xUtnd njt

3. jh xW idf bjt xW idF

4. xWjhiu xwhf itahnu

5. vyhU xbwD fhy tjnj

6. ghUFns bjt xW

KiwgL vGJj

xWik

braghL 10

fhQ Fwghfis cathW KiwgL vGJf.

1. vgjjh vj ahkhL vbjg
gilik vD tHF.
j

2. milik Fowj Mw uL
tHF vD gilik.
3. eifS ghlth khL gs
gifS dhJ f.
4. gilah cyf gLL mJnw
khtJ kF k.
5. munghY kfg yh jt
TikanuD kunght.

bghU khw mJ vGJj

braghL 11

fhQ brhbwhlf td L lhkY vGJtjdh VgL

bghU khwij vGJf.
(v.fh.) eho JojJ

- if cs ehoahdJ JojJ.

eho JojJ

- njo JojJ.

jj bgo

jjbgo

kUJ fil

kUJfil

27

ntiy bfhLjh

ntiybfhLjh -

njiu flh

njiu flh

tifgL vGJj

braghL 12

fhQ brhbwhlfis az, fhuz vd tifgLJf.

thiH, Liw, , nkgu, bjhiyneh, Wnfh, fghit,
khiybghGJ, ythd, kbgh, tsiw, ghl, mUgh, fyik,
kfg
fhuz

az

bfLj

njhw

fwyil WkL
kbg : 10
1. XU brhf ilaf.

6X1=6

m.
M.
.
<.
c.

ma f f bjhikahdJ vJ?
Ijfis FLf.
RHW VdJ cyf vd Tat ah?
thdbt fbga vJ?
Ph gy bgafS Ijid vGJf.

C. k vD brhYF U bghU jUf.

2. bghUJf.

1.
2.
3.
4.

fL + nrhW
f + ky
ts +
K + bro

=
=
=
=

fLnrhW
fky
ts
Kbro

28

a fhu
bfLj fhu
j fhu
njhw fhu

4X1=4

a uL

br

ghuj
*thbgw efkjh tzf bgnw

kbgw Usjh kf bgnw

njbgw JHh myf fsg kh

UaK ijtJ l bgnw

Cbgw gfdh mJ J

czl Uehk ciuf bgnw

ahbgw bgUjtng(W) vid m

Uy wnjh ahbg whnu. *

- uh

29

bghU: mW cyid msgjF Utoia anghJ, ehKf

c Utoia j fkly uh tghL brjh. mJnt Mfha
fifahaJ. mjifa Utokyiu ah tzF ngWbgnw.
Fahd kid njhWj c Usjh xUbghUshf
fUjbgW ah cabgnw. njfkG Js khiy rjdK
mabgw Unjhfsh vid jGajdh ngg
bfhnl. mURdDila Ta mdh JisfbgW tikHJ
eh thodhY cz cilatdh cDila Ubgaiu ciuF
ngWngnw. eh bgw bgUngW y ahjh bgwh? vd T
fd, fzid ngh tzdh.
brhbghU: thbgw e - fifahW; JHh
fsg - rjd; a - njh; ijtJ - bjhLjl;
ehk - bga; Uy - bga cyf.

myf - Jskhiy;
C - jir; gf - m;

Ma F
bga

jijah

: uh
: uuhft

Mjjt

: tfghifia Ml tug Mbfhlh

fhy

: gdhfh whL

F : ghuj gJ gUt bfhlJ. ehyhuJ KiwgJ Uj ghlyh

MdJ. ghl, ghuj vlh gUtkha fdgUt lbgWsJ.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. bghU vGJf.

1. fsg =

3. JHh

5. myf =

2. a =

4. gf

6. ehk

2. J vGJf.
1. Us
2. Ua

3.
Uy =

4.
bgUjt =

3. nfhol lij uf.

1. ghujij ghoat

2. uhiu Mjjt

M) FWdhf

1. uh - F vGJf.

2. jhbgw bgUngwhf fd TaJ vd?

30

ah fP?
* fhRF ghLgt fP my;

ifkhW iHJf bgWj nto

khrw bfhifF khwh beir

kiwJL ghLgt fP my;

njrij jdij jh L
njill ghLgt fP my;
irF TGF Mir gL
nkGJ ghLgt fP my;
MF mrhk, aht nuD
Mfvd Jrhk, jdJ eho
F ghLgt fP Mt;
fhF ah bfhLik khs

fijfis ghRgt fP Mt;

jhbrhY moikay kf bfyh

jiytbdd ghLgt fP, u.

- Koaur
bghU: brtJfhf gaD fG fU Fwyhj bfhifF
khwhf kdrhiw kiwJ, jdyJfhf ehL, dij gL
TGF irF MirgLgtuh, jFawtiu tJ ngh brt
ul ghLgt fP my.
Mahs mlFKiwF mrhk, vt Mlhbyd vd
UJlhk, j eho nkikF Fu bfhLgtnd fP Mth.
bfhLikfisfL kdbfhJ ah, mbfhLikf FkhW
ghlf Lnthnd fP Mth. vjF jiytzF moikahfhk,
kf jiytdhf jid v ghLgtnd cik kwt; mtnd
fP.
brhbghU : ifkhW - ga; khrw - Fwkw;
- nkik; khs - f.

31

njill - brt ul;

nknyhF bfhLikfis fhQnghJ

Ma F
bga

: Koaur

abga

: JiuuhR

bgnwh

: RguhaY - jhyR

nj khtlYs bgaFs.

aa f
: bfho, fhaghit, ufha,
Koaur fijf Kjad.
g
: jHha, .R. caiy g,
fhiuFo.
: gwkiy elj Hh fauR
gl
vD gl FwFo mofshuh
tHfbgwJ.

gR :
bfho vD fhaJfhf
1966 jHf muR, gR tHaJ.
w
:

Koaur, ghujhr gugiu jiyKiw fPU _ j t .

jij bgah, nguP mzh Mnahl beU gHat.

fhy

07. 10. 1920Kj 03. 12. 1998tiu

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. bghU vGJf.

2. ifkhW =

3. khs =

2. jd =

3. jiytbdd =

2. J vGJf.

1. khR =
1. khrw =

3. nfhol lij uf.

.

1. fP Koaur abga

2. Koaur wj C

3. jHf mu gR bgw Koaur fha

.
.

M) FWdhf

1. fPdhF jF yhjt vW Koaur ahiu FLwh?

2. cikahd fP vthW Uf ntL vd Koaur fUJwh?

) Wdhf

1. Koaur - F vGJf.

2.
fPuyhjh
afis,
vLJiugd ahit ?

fPFa

32

afisg

Koaur

ciueil

njtnea ghthz
gh thbfhL bjU tjtJ
tobahW nkhaJ; mjdh, mt
brUj gh aJ; if fhf W
W fhaf Vgld.
tofhu,
Iah, kJ bfhf vwh. mjF
mt, k cUJbrh; bghWJbfhf
vd j brhYf vd T,
tofhuiu brhy brjh. mtjh
mid jGF mUgaha njtnea
ghthz.

bkhPhW njtnea ghthz jj CW; brj PhW;

ya bglf; yfz brk; jkhd fhjt; j, jH ey
fhgjidna c_rhfbfhlt.
cyf Kjbkh j; a bkhfSF _yK ntU j; uhl
bkhfSF jhbkh j vd theh KGtJ MbrJ Wa
brk njtnea ghthz. cy Kj khj jH; jH njha
l Fkflnk vgJ bkhfrjhnuh, mugh ehff gHjH
ehffnk vgJ ghthzuJ My U ffsh. mt, jiH
tlbkh tyhikW gjfhfnt iwt vid giljh
vW Tdh.
bgnwh : PhdKJ - guz
C
: rfunfh
f
: goj, yt, Jth, KJfiy j, .X.v.,
fhy
: 07.02. 1902 - 15.01. 1981
w
: brj brt, brj PhW, jbgU fhty vd
174 w bgaf

33

j bjhikia cyfa brjt

fhLbt. jjGF lt gkh
fiyP. jiH jiHf brj brk
kiwkiyaof. jiH Mbyd tsJ khw brjt njtnea ghthz.

nfhf j tghL eilbgwntL vd, w w

bjhlghd rlFf ah j eilbgwntL vd ghthz
tWdh. mt, xUKiw Ma eg yUl jhiukfy
(jhukfy) vD CUF brW, mnf u jL kWeh fhiy
Udh. mtiu mg y NJbfhL, CbrW tjjidg
nfld. mtU xUt, Iah gfYz uhz vthW Ujd? vd
nflh. ghthz gfYz, gf czthf, uhz uh czthf
Ujd vwh.

gf cz vgj, gf ilj js czitna midtU

gFJz nejbjd, uh cz vgj, midtU cz
uit ff ntoUjJ vd czJbfhld. j tsjh
g go grh gwJL vd vat ghthz.
brhbwhF fU ykiyF (y) brwh ghthz. MF
ghthzl bgUgWbfhl Uoidah vgh y jUjh.
fhiy czF ghthziu o jfitJL fhLF
brW Udh Uoidah. s tjnghJ ghthz ntoia tJ
fobfhL oKdh lj wFfilia nfhlah sJ
bfhoUgjid fL, jid f V brf? Lf vd
jLjh Uoidah. xWiy, cl oF VjhtJ brj ntL;
cfhJbfhL cL brtJ ewhfhJ vwh.
njtnea ghthz gil g
ghthz, j tuyhW, Kj jhbkh, jehL isahLf, jH
Ukz, tlbkh tuyhW, jH kj, kny , gil jH
ehffK gghL, caju fLiu yfz, brhyhuh fLiuf,
UFw kuiu Kjyhd ehgJ_W fis gilJsh.
ghthz, brhwa mfuKjl aFeuhf 08.05.1974mW
gakjgL, mu cjnahL brhwa mfuKj bjhFf
ytiw btbfhzjh; UWF nkgl M fLiuf
vGsh.
jh gaha f Wtdbkh bjhlJ gahw ayhj NH
nejnghJ, vdF tWik cL; kid kfS cL; mtnwhL
khdK cL vW btnaa jkhdf ghthz cWiu eik
af itwnj! mt, tWik thodhY gz ifF iljh
fns thFth; yik brUyhk f vikahd th
thjt; m f ber MHkhd ezft.
njtnea ghthz bga brid mzhrhiy khtl ika
yf bragL tUwJ. t goJ gaha uhrghisaF
34

mUYs Kw vD l ghthz nfhl, mtj KG cUtiy,

mt bga yf Mait mikfgLsd. mit, ghthz
fngR ikafshf fwd.
kJiu 05.01.1981mW eilbgw cyfj khehonghJ, khj
njhwK jH ku vD jiy brhbghth jHidF
bgUik nrjh. m~J mt iw gahf, e kd fh
idthf vW iyUF.
kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. J vGJf.

1. mUg

4. brjbr =

2. jHid

5. ez

3. jj

2. nrJ vGJf.

1. cW + ciu

4. brh + Muh =

2. cz + =

5. cUt + iy

3. brh + bgh =

3. nfhol lij uf.

1. jjGF lt

2. brid

3. kJiu cyfj khehL eilbgw ML

4. ghthz mu cjnahL

.
bga yf csJ.
.

mfuKjia btlh.

M) FWdhf

1. njtneaghthz vF vnghJ wjh?

2. jbkhJ gWbfhlt ghthz vgjF xU rhW jUf.

3. ghthz brhyh wid sFf.

) Wdhf

1. ghthz gilfis FLf.

2. ghthz bgw glf ahit ?

<) beLdhf

1. njtneaghthz jGF Ma bjhoid tf.

2. njtneaghthz geyf FJ vGJf.

35

Jizghl

kz EfjjF gz

gukhjFU mtUila khztfS bt eilbgw

nfh UHh fyJbfhtjfhf wgld. fLikahd bt
yajdh tUj X cztfF brwd. mj cztf
gfbghGij fJL bt jhH wglyh vd Ko brjd.
mj cztf tnghf jFtjF flz mDkajJ.
Mdh, cz njitglh mjbfhU Fl ms flz bfhLj
ntL. gukhjFU, Lahsiu mQ, ehf gfbghGJ kL
F j isgh bry KobtLUnwh vwh. f
midtU flz jfyh. cz njitahdh mjFkL
flz cL. cfSF cz njitgLkh? vd Lahs nflh.
ehf fLnrhW bfhLtUnwh vwh gukhjFU.
Lahs , mtf jFtjF lkjh.
J neufJ brt FLg xW LF tjJ. Lahs
mtfis f mnghL tuntwh. vf FLgd midtUF
Ritahd ey cz VghL brf. vts gz ntLkhdhY
jUnwh vW Ta brt, bgUbjhifia Lahsl mjh.
f kj Lahs mWRit cz rikJ, mtfSF
mghf tHdh. mWRit cz eWkz gukhjFU _if
JisjJ. khztfns, J eyneu. mWRit kz _if JiswJ.
fLnrhW _ilia mJ bfhSf. Lahs brj rika
kzij EfJbfhnl czyh vwh gukhjFU. J ey
VghLjh vd TathW khztf fLnrhW _ilia mJ
cz cLbfhoUjd.
mj neu Lahs mF tjh. gukhjFU mtiu neh,
Lahsnu, cfSF e brhYj ntL. f rikj mWRit
cz kzij EfJbfhnl ehf f kahf cnwh
vwh. mtf cL KojJ Lahs gukhjFUit oJ
bfhlh. f flz brYahfntL vwh Lahs.
36

~J vgo KiwahF? f rikj mWRit czitah ehf

cnlh? mj kzij kLjhnd Efnjh. mjF flz nfnu.
J flSnf mLfhnj vd gukhjFU ydh.
eh brj rika kzij Efjjdhjhnd kdiwnthL
cz KojJ vd Tf. f kdiwnthL cz v rika
Jiz brjjdh, mjid f cljhfnt MlJ. vdnt, f
flz bfhLjhfntL vW Lahs tWdh.
Mdh, flz jukhnl vd gukhjFU ltlkhf Tdh.
vdnt, mtf m cs eLtl brW Kiwld.
eLt, Ut fUij nfljh. d, Iah, Lahsnu
cKila tH cik UwJ. cKila rika kzij EfjthW

37

j FU khztfS cljdh, tf cdF flz

brYjh MfntL vW eLt Tdh.
eLt Tajid nflJ Lahs k Jdh. Mdh,
gukhjFUF mt khztfSF jiy oGjJngh MW.
mtf milj kdtUjJF msnt iy.
eLt, jkJ ig bjhlJ, ntiyahis miHJ gzKo
xwid bfhLtu brjh.
ntiyah bfhLtJ jjJ, mjid bgWbfhl eLt,
mKoig iuJ Modh. Lahsiu neh, jD vd UwJ
bjkh? vd nflh.

LahsU mKoD gzKsJ, Iah vwh. gzKsJ

vgJ cfSF vgo bj? vW eLt nflh. Iah, f mj
gzKoig MoanghJ, vGj XiriabfhL mJbfhnl.
vwh Lahs.
mgzKo
Xiria
f
fhJbfhLJ
mgojhnd? vw eLtl, M, Iah. vwh Lahs.

nfOf,

bkjr. f nghfyh. vwh eLt.

Mdh, Lahsnuh,Iah, gukhjFUlUJ vdF nruntoa
gzij bgWbfhLf vd L ntodh.
brj rikaiy czhknyna mj kzij EfjJ cz
cljF rk vW Tf myth? rika kz cljF rk
vwh gz Xir, gzij bgW bfhljF rkjhnd vW
Koit mjh eLt. Koit nflJ, Lahs
nguhir xjJ; gukhjFUnth kailjh.

e : $k v. yR, gh fG gukhjFU fijf.

kh dh
fLiu dh

kz EfjjF gz vD fijia RU vGJf.

38

yfz

z : cW, clgLbk, bkpW

cW z
khzt

: tzf, Iah.

Ma : tzf, FHijfns! z FJ KtF ff.

VJ sf ntLkh?
khzt

: z FJ bjthf bjJbfhnlh, Iah.

Ma : k. mtF iybkh FJ tUbkh FJ

Tnd. gy, gyh, f, brhfis xJ ghUf.
brhf fil vGJ cbk vD, c <whf
bfhSj ntL.
khzt

: Mkh, Iah. gy brh ( + m = y) m c <Wjhnd, Iah.

(v.fh.) 1. gyh + Ris = gyhRis

2. g + ngh = gngh

3. id + Jiz = idJiz

khzt

: e, Iah.

aD D w cK
frjg Fj thjd knd

- e}, 165

clgLbk
(cK c)
khzt

: tzf, Iah.

Ma : tzf.
cfhUf. K tF iybkh <W,
tUbkhKjg fnwh! iybkh <W cuhf,
tUbkhKj cuhf Ujh, vthW zU vgjid
W ghngh. c<W brhf y TWf.
khzt : gyh, k, m, , gid, L, gR, mHF, is, g.

39

Ma : bjthf brhdh. c <W brhK td vGJf

tjh, mj bkbaGJ F.

Ma : nghJ. bghGJ cKj brhfis TWf.

khzt : m, V, Vw, It, xsit, U, <a, cL, c,
Cty, XL.
Ma :





khzt

nghJ. k. k + mo. F k vgJ iybkh.

j <W ( + ) c. mo vgJ tUbkh. mj Kj vGJ
m - c. uL xwhf nrUnghJ k + mo = k +
+ mo= kao vd iznghJ, il vD bk
njh, kao vD brhyhwJ. tHF vD brhiy
vthW fyh?

: + mHF. tHF vd tU, Iah.

Ma :
ewhf
brhdh.
Mdh,
tHF
vD
brh,
+ mHF = + + mHF = tHF. il F vD
bk vGJ njhWwJ. nrto vgJ vthW ?
khzt : nr + + mo... nrto vd tU, Iah. nf vD bk
tJsJ, Iah.

Ma : eW eW. nr + mo = nr + + mo = nrto; nkY,

nr + + mo = nrao vd tU.
khzt :
Iah, D y vLJfhLf TWfns.
Ma

: TWnw.

1. + myF = + + myF = ayF

2. + vwJ = + + vwJ = bawJ.
3. gid + Xiy = gid + + Xiy = gidnahiy

, <, I MadK ct njhW.
mLJ,
1. Fz + mH = Fz + + mH = FztH
2. gyh + iy = gyh + + iy = gyhiy
3. U + M% = U + + M% = Uth%
4. + mH = + + mH = tH
5. nfh + = nfh + + = nfh

m, M, c, C, X K njhW.
mLJ, nj + Mu = nj + + Mu = njthu
mtnd + mur = mtnd + + mur = mtndaur

V K ct , uL tU.

40

khzt

: , tUtjF z VnjD bga clh? Iah.

Ma :
cL. iybkh <W cU, tUbkhKj cU
iznghJ
myJ il njhW. jF

clgLbk vgJ bga.

< It a Vid
ct t VK Uik
ct clgL bkba whF - e},162

bkpW z
khzt

: tzf, Iah.

Ma :
tzf. cfhUf. K tF z, iybkh, tUbkh
Ma brhf xwndhL xW nrUnghJ VgL khwf
FJ ff.
khzt

: M, Iah. mit ewhf id Uwd.

khzt :
bk vGJ csJ. mjdh bkpW, Iah.
Ma : f k. bkpW iybkhK, cKj tUbkh
brhf tjh, vthW zU vgjid ghUf.
khzt : m, Mil,
bkhf, Iah.

iy ... vd tU brhfjhnk cKj

Ma : mitnajh. gh + Mil vgj, gh bkpW iybkh

K Mil cKj tUbkh nrUnghJ, bk () cnuhL (M)

nrJ ghyhil vwhwJ. Vbd,bk jJ afhJ;
cUl nrJjh aF. Jnt a.
clnk ctJ xWtJ ang - e}, 204
(cl - bk) F cl vgJ bkbaGij FjJ.
Jngh ytiw TWf.
khzt :
ky + mo = kyuo; fd + v = fdby; fl + Xu = flnyhu.
Ma :
k. ewhf brhdh. f, f, bgh, k vgd
bkpW iybkhfns. K brhd bkpWf beoyLJ,
uL Kjyhf gy vGJf rhJ tjit. it....
41

Ma : k. nkY y zKiwfis ghngh. + Mil

vgj, vgJ iybkh. Mil vgJ tUbkh.
vD iybkh <W vd?

khzt

: FyLJ tj bkpWf, Iah.

Ma : eyJ. tK cKj tUbkh tjh

f + mHF = f + + mHF = fzHF vDkhW iz.
khzt

: Iah, kbwhU bk nrjyth tUwJ.

Ma

: M. ewhf cWnehFwh.

jF Kbdh Wt uL - e}, 205
eh TaJnghynt, ntW vLJfhLf juKokh?
khzt :
f + miz = fyiz; f + Mo = fzho; g + mHF =
gyHF; + muR = zuR
Ma : k.
g :

GstW Lgl lfis uf.

= gJ

1. g +

= tHF

2. +

3. kh + iy

4. k + mf

kh dhf
m) wtadhf
1. bghUJf.

1. il + mHF

- bkK bk

2. k + mf

- cK bk

3. + _F

- bkK c

4. ku + is

- cKc

2. ca ilia njbjGJf.
1. ghL ghl - bjhl ghl vgJ

m) iybkh M) tUbkh ) bghJbkh

2. gythL - brh Kiw

m) g + ML

M) gy + thL

3. gid + Xiy - uoF il

) gy + ML
njhW.

m) M) ) vJiy

42

M) FWdhf

1. cbuGid Kjyhf cila brhf ehF TWf.

2. c<W brhf ehF TWf.

3. bkpW brhf ehF TWf.

4. clgLbk vwh vd? rhW jUf.

) bjhlg

1. E ghlgFYs IJ cW brhfis vLbjGJf.

2. E ghlgFYs IJ bkpW brhfis vGJf.

tFgiwwf
m) ngRj w

fhQ jiy IJ kJf ngRf.

kiytsK kiHtsK

M) goj w

Gs gFia goJ ea czf.

mzhkiyah j mU tUtiu fhUjh. mt tjJ V ts

jOf vd ddh. KlhSl tjjdh, jf nejJ vwh
mzhkiyah. kUjg m a miljh. t eKljhnd tjh.
eikah Klh vwh vd ifJ wh.
kd ifig fL eifj mzhkiyah, t KbshW v fh
ijJlJ. mj K jhSl (K Fa fhYl) tjjdh jf nejJ vW
sf jjh.
mzhkiyah brhtik fl mur mtiu bgJ ghuhodh.
) vGJj w

Kiwkh mikj brhbwhlfis KiwgL gaikj.

1. isat bkGFtia
(v.fh.)

xr brjh.

th

tJ

itJ,

miwbaF

2. tajhd jijF U kff Ujhf.

3. xUeh Utiu miHJ J gz bfhLjh. j gzij bfhL

mtut miwia uf vwh jij.

43

xUeh CWkiyaur kUjgU fP mzhkiyahU cyh brwd.

kUjg Knd brwh; dh, mzhkiyah bjhljh. J bjhiy brw
kUjg U ghjh. mzhkiyah f j Ujh. cl tjt V
jlh vW vdh kUjg.


4. mtfUt bghWghdtiu njbjLJ j ciH gadh isj

brtij bfhLf jij Udh.

5. _jt itnfh nghiu th tJ miw KGtJ udh.

6. isatjh bghWghdt vW jij czjh.

7. miwbaF xr brjtl bghWfis xgiljh.

KiwgLjgl g
tajhd jijF Ukff Ujhf. mtfUt bghWghdtid
njbjLJ j ciH gadh isj brtij bfhLf jij Udh.
xUeh Utiu miHJ J gz bfhLjh. jidbfhL mtut miwia
uf vwh jij.
_jt itnfh nghiu th tJ miw KGtJ udh. isat
bkGFtia th tJ V itJ miwbaF xr brjh. isatjh
bghWghdt vW jij czjh. miwbaF xr brjtl bghWfis
xgiljh.
g
Gs Kiwkh mikj brhbwhlfis xGFgL gahFf.

1. jhj whit vLJ ml jl bfhLjh. mj fhYF kUlh.

2.
mnghJ wh xW
Ugjidflh.

th

kahf

gwJ

isaho

bfhL

3. jhj jhnk whit fhghajhf, vdnt jknf cik
Tdh.

vW

4. mnghJ mF tj njtjj, whit jh m vJ ajhf, whit
jl jUkhW ntodh.

5. kd jhj, xUeh khiybghG jkJ mukid njhl
cy bfhoUjh.

6. ObuW vUnjh iuJ tj X m wh fh ghjJ. mdh
fhagl wh, jhj fhyo GjJ.

bkhw g
1. td fh l mnth
1. fij + brhdh

= fij brhdh (ulh ntWikbjhif)

2. mHfndhL + brwh = mHfndhL brwh ( _wh ntWik )

3. oUJ + ghjh = oUJ ghjh ( Ijh ntWik )
4. vdJ + jf

= vdJ jf ( Mwh ntWik )

5. RL + nrhW

= RLnrhW (idbjhif)

6. f + nf

= fnf (cikbjhif)

44

7. goj + ghl

8. nfh + bfhfjJ =

nfh bfhfjJ (vGthbjhl)

9. thf + brj

thf brj (anfh idKW)

=
=

goj ghl (bgabur)

10. mJ, J, vJ vD brhf td fhJ. (v.fh.) mJ + jh = mJjh

mW, W, vW vD brhfSF fhJ. (v.fh.) mW bfhLnj.

11. mjid, jid, vjid vD brhf td fhJ.

(v.fh.) vjid + bghU = vjid bghU

12. go vd Ko idbar, cfuW idbar, vkiwbgabur
td fhJ. (v.fh.) tUgo Tdh (go vD brh)
g : tdbk L vGJf.
1. iu f tJ ghFgo Tdh.
2. t. c. jgudh bre kwth brk Mth.
3. uhk khakhid njo brwh.
4. brhfis gfhgj, gFgj vd UtifgLJt.
5. f bjahjtfSF gf bghGJ U MF.
2. mu vQl bghUjhj jbHiz tlLf.
2.

3.

17

1.
- 1

4.
- 5
5.
-

10

3. fLiug : RWNH ghJfh

jaf jnyna ngRnth

bghJ l ......
xUt

j ghik bfhr g bfhLf.

kbwhUt

vd gh mJ? vJF mis gf? X nur fhLfh?

xUt

ehnd y gLnt. Mdh, bfhr Obl aiy.

kbwhUt

eh bA gnw. nfw bfhoF Mr gQf, mJnghJ.

xUt

r, nfSf.

kbwhUt

: cf ne brhYf.

xUt

kbwhUt

: vf x gf?

v bga thr.

45

xUt

o uy M mbllhf Unf.

kbwhUt

cf L mu brhYf.

xUt

eg , mzh O, onf, brid.

kbwhUt

: jhf.

nkfl ciuahliy wbkh brhfS ngRtHF brhfS fythk L

vGJf.

thifw
kd vGfis vbfhSw
khwDF vj xU bghUS mjdj l xGfhf Uj ntL.
yhlh, mtDF d tJL. LKiw mtDila mij kf,
khw oF tUwh. mt isahL bghUfisbayh mFF iwgJ
khwDF ofiy. mij kf f atdhf Ugjdh, mogjF
jaFwh. j iy khw jDila dij vthW fLgLJth?

f khwdhf Ujh vd brf?

kf
gilw
iknf Vrnyh vgt fwj . xUeh filbjU tahf mt elJ
brwh. mnghJ xU fil ryitf xW ahuhY gagLjglhj iy
f mGfilJ UjJ. mfilF brw iknf, filfhul Iah, j
ryitfiy vdF ju Kokh? vW gl nflh. mjF filfhu X!
f jhuhskhf vLJ brYf, vdF xW jiliy vwh. iknf
Vrnyh f kl mjid j oF vLJ brwh.
yeh fJ,
mjfilfhuiu jDila oF tUkhW miHjh. oF tj filfhu
tuntgiw Uj mHfhd iyia ghJ ajh.
j iyia vnf thf? ewhf Uwnj! vW nflh.
mjF iknf Jbfhnl, Iah! kwJOfsh? cf fil
gaglhk Uj ryitf brj iyjh J vwh.
gilw Ujh fY fiytz fhzyh.

46

tsu braghLf
nfl w

braghL - 1

fhQ ciugia Ma gof, khztf cWnfL, dhfSF

ilaf.
Rth ntjhry kf yhif mikah Mth. mt, j jijahiuna
eyhauhf bgW ngW bgwh. j jijahl jG ir gwh. mtj
Kaah g_wh tanyna nkilna brhbghthdh.
xU eh khiy, nrhiy yhifl cyh bfhoUjh ntjhry.
mnghJ uhkf tsyh mUa UtUgh ghliy mof ghodh.

mJ nfl kf jijahl, mgoahdh eh wbkh brhfis

jjnyna ngRj ntL vwh. kf m m fyj
ntLnfhis VW, Rth ntjhry vD j tlbkh bgaiu jj
kiwkiyaof vW kh itJbfhlh.
dhf

1. ciug FlgLs jHP ah?
2. Rth ntjhry vD bga vd kiwkiyaof MW?
3. njf vd ahif vd FlgL brh bghU ahJ?
4. UtUgh ghliy aat ah?
5. c eg bga tlbrh mikUjh, mjid vthW jj
TWth?

ngRj w

braghL - 2

ciuahliy iw brf.
(nghfs J lF fdid fhz fz mjz to
tUwh. mUtUF eilbgW ciuahl bjhlf bfhLfgLsJ.
nkbfhL ciuahliy mikJ tF ngRf.)
fz : tiuahJ th tHF tsny! cik j nfhyyh ah fhQj
ntL? v cs gjWwnj!

47

bgw jhjid kfkw jhY

is iabgW jhkw jhY
cw njfij ckw jhY

ciu nka clkw jhY . . . . vD mghliy
csKUf, cUUf X Kojh. d, kfl, yh! ghl cs njf
vD tlbrhYF khwhf, ahif vD jbrh MsgoUjh
ghl brhnyhir nkY ikahf UFknwh? wbkh brhf
j fygjdhjh j ik FiwwJ vwh ntjhry.

fd : Iah, thUf. cfSF cjt ayhj iy csjid fL

eh f tUJnw.
fz : l vl bfhLf cl xWiy vW ahD
mnt. mjdh, . . . . . . . . . . . .

goj w

braghL - 3

fhQ ciugia goJ Wf.

j ikw
bfhkiy fhoYs X Ml nj bfhLtu brhUnj. mt
mW tuhk kWehtJ btWifl wjh mtid dnj. mt
ngdh.
eh nenw kiyF elnj; gy lf miynj; W bgU
ghiwnj fL J kiynj; xU bfhoia onj; VbrW fiynj;
ghid nj; ewhf tonj; mjidfL knj; mnj J
Fonj; fnj; fisnj; manj; kwnj; W fhiy vGnj;
idnj; njid milnj; vLnj; iuJ elnj; tnj; nrnj;
bghGJjh cf o bfhLnj.
ehD jid nfL knj; mtDF cajid jnj; mllh!
vgo nj? vts nj? xbthU brhY nj brhLwnj? jid
ghnj; Fonj vd Twhk gonj vd TWf. mbghGJjh xbthU
brhY xbthU go nj vd F. vnd, j ik!
.M.bg. Rtehj, j w

vGJj w
brhYUthFj

braghL - 4

fhQ il FfisbfhL, flf nkY G, FWF beLF,

lK tyK lbgWs brhfis flJ tlLf. tll brhiy
nfhol l vGJf.
jh

iy

kh

ah

fh

bg

Hh

48

ghj vD tlbrhYFa jbrh

kd, beR,

vwhY xnu bghU.

UkhYF mF khiy
cl

dh kz R; F jU.

ulid jjahf gagLJj ayhJ.

ehk vgj jbrh

dh ria btyyh vg.

eh vD brh

e vgj jbrh

myf vgj bghU

jbHfis vGJj

braghL - 5

fhQ dhfSfhd ilfis jbHf vG, mtiw flf

uf.

64

1. Ma fiyf

2. MY ntY gYFW;

3. fzF f

4. j

5. Rit

6. jyfz

vg.
uL brhYFW.

khjf csd.
tifgL.
tifgL.

7. brtf

vg.

gwJ ngh.

8. g tl

9. yaf

tif vg.

10. gY tF
1

.
2

10

49

tifgL vGJj

braghL - 6

fhQ ciugUJ cW, bkpW mikj brhfis vLbjGJf.

jeho
VLjGF
LjGF
ntWikL. mj vgJ xU giHa jbrh. t
vgJ mbrh bghU. fhW tUtjfhf o
mikF #dYF fhyj vW giljH
bgald. #d
vgJ jbrhyW;
nghRa gj. nghRa jehLF
tUtjF K e L rdYF xU bga
UUj ntL mnwh? mbgajh fhyj.
fh
vwh
fhW;
mj
vwh
t.
fhyj vwh fhW tU t. fhy
ngRtH yhj mj vD brhiy
UFw Kja gy giHa ciuf fhzyh.
j

uh..nrJis, j UJ.
cW brhf

bkpW brhf

ntWikL (+c)

jeho

brhtjid vGJj

braghL - 7

fhQ ciugia brhynfL vGJf.

bkhPhW njtnea ghthz jj CW; brj PhW;
ya bglf; yfz brk; jkhd fhjt; j, jH
ey fhgjidna c_rhfbfhlt. cyf Kjbkh j; a
bkhfSF _yK ntU j; uhl bkhfSF jhbkh j vd
theh KGtJ MbrJ Wa brk njtnea ghthz.

50

kabfh brhfis mj

braghL - 8

fhQ bjhlf nfhol l ca kabfh brhfisbfhL

uf.

j nrhsffis
10. ta
( iy, is )

F f tst KobtLjh.

fwyil WkL
nfhol lij uf.
m. th bgw e
.
M. JHh myf vgj bghU
. fhRF ghLgt
my.
<. jh vgj vbrh
.
c. moikay - brhiy F Kiw

XU brhf ilaf.
m. k - brhYFa jbrh ahJ?
M. gfYz, uhz FJ ghthz ahJ TWwh?
. ghthz vGa fS ulid FLf.
<. j bjhikia cyfa brjt ah?
c. jiH Mbyd tsJ khw brjt ah?

51

kbg : 10
5X1=5

.
5X1=5

bgh Fahf csjdh, u

brtJ
1. W
fod vd fz Tdh. ( g, g )
2. nt nfhil LKiwia
l
f Udh.
( f, f, f )
3.
RHW ajdh
jta tst f nkh nH
GJ
ah Jojh. ( t, t, t )
4. ahnuh jid------F Fu nfl KUf, f
J ghjh.
( , )
5.
uajid fhz Ua vy mU Uj kuJ

dh. ( V, V )
6. guJgl
J
gwJ brwJ. ( guit, gwit )
7.
bghjjdh kd tUa kf l
brwd.
( kh, kh )
8.
xU gF kLnk
bgjJ. ( kiH, kiy )
9. Mil
Ugjidfl Ky, mjid Ftjfhf
mU Uj Mw
F brwh. ( fiu, fiw )

a _W

br

KJFkhuRth isj
tUif gUt
cyF Fu vkJ k xGF mKj uznk

cUF moa ja beH cz vGe cjank

fiy iw m Ku KU kJu ewtnk

fG Jfs KGf beoa fUiz bgUF ryna

my td Ko bt m x yank

m mit m mtU ma ma uknk

kiy kff kia mida kjiy tUf tUfnt

tsik jG gU kU Fku tUfnt.

- FkuFUgu

bghU : cyf FUgo vkJ m xR KGynt! moahf

cs beH mt m njhW futnd! fsh iwj mz
KUkhW isJs a njnd! Fwkw Pha U fUiz
flny! msyh cyff midJ Kow btlJ njhW x
Ulnk! m cSzit maty PhfS mtjF mjhd
KGKj bghUns! kiykf fkbahj KJFku bgUkhnd!
tsf bghUa itRtu nfh vGjUs Fku tsny!
tUf tUfnt!

52

brhbghU : k - m; mKjuz - Fahd x; cja - fut;

kJu - ik; ewt - nj; fG Jfs - Fwkwt; ry - fl; myF - msyhj;
td - cyf; kjiy - FHij; gU - fut tgl l (itRtu nfh).
Ma F
bga

: FkuFUgu

: rKffhk fuha
bgnwh
tfhk Rjaik
C

: UitFl

aa f : fj fbtgh,
dh mik isj,

kJiu fygf,
rfyfyht khiy,
Uth% Kknfhit,
be sf Kjad.
w
:

j, tlbkh, Jjh Ma bkhf yik ft. UgdjhY

fhY jbgauh kl W csh.

fh iwtdJ Utoailjh.

fhy

: gndHh whL.

F : bjhwhW ya tiffS xW isj. iwtidnah

eyhiunah ghLil jiytuhfbfhL mtiu FHijahf fU ghlbgWtJ
isj. gJ gUtf mikJ gUtF gJ ghlbyd W ghlyh
ghLil jiyt brafa brafis vLJ atJ isj.
~J Mgh isj, bggh isj vd UtifgL. gJ
gUtf fh, briu, jh, rgh, Kj, tUif, m Ma VG gUtfS
Ugh isjGF bghJthdit. W _W gUtfshd , Wgiw, Wnj
MghYF, mkhid, fHF (uhl), Cr vgd bgghYF cad.
UFntq (itRtu nfh) vGjUUF KUfbgUkh bga
KJFkhuRth. mtJ ghlglikah J KJFkhuRth isj vd
bga bgwJ.
ekF ghlgFahf cs ghl tUifgUt lbgWsJ. J
MwhtJ gUtkhF; FHij g_wh f ftJ. jseilL tU
FHij wfis vLJT, mU tUf tUf vd thFu, kdFu miHF
ghlfis bfhljh gUt mikJsJ.

53

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. bghU vGJf.

1. mKj

6. ry

2. uz

7. td

3. beH

8. kjiy

4. cja

9. gU

5. kJu

2. J vGJf.

1. mKjuz

2. isj

3. nfhol lij uf.

1. KJFkhuRth isjiH aat

2. iwtidnah eyhiunah ghLiljiytuhfbfhL mtiu FHijahf

.
fU ghlgL ya tif
3. isjYs gUtf vif
4. isj

tifgL.
gUt mikJsJ.

5. ghlgF lbgWs ghl

M) FWdhf

1. isj - F vGJf.

2. FkuFUgu - F vGJf.

3. Mghis jGFa gUtf ahit?

4. bgghis jGFa gUtf ahit?

) Wdh

FkuFUgu, KJFkhuRthia vd nghWwh?

<) bral

ehLwghl bjhFUJ jhyhLghlf ytiw bjhFf.

54

ciueil

ya eifRit

ya Ritf f EgkhdJ eifRit. Ritia

czJ nghWtjF j Mw ntL. eifRitia nghWtjF
njitgL Mw, mjid fijf tognyna csJ.
bjhfha vs, sik, mahik, klik Ma ehF
fhuzfsh
eifRit
njhW
vwJ.
eifRit
aikahikia ygLj tj tSt,

efty myhF khU Phy

gfYgh gl U.
- Fw, 999

eifRit njit
kj d kLnk eifRitia btgLjToa Mw
bgUwJ. cl FU Xl TLtjF, _is Jz
VgLtjF ey eifRit JizwJ. eh ehnjhW fhQ
fhfS nfF brfS fG ffS eik mahknyna
eiff itwd.
eifRit ff beLneu jfhk, njh kiw jik
thjit. Mdh, it ya lbgWnghJ, ekF khwhj
kia tHFwd. TJf nfhkhfS, muritf
flffS eifRitfhfnt gilfglhf.
eifRitz
xWjh
kjfis,
KGikahdtfshf
khW Mw bfhlJ. eiff bjahjtf miukjfshf
fUjgLthf. w kd glhjtif eifRit mikj ntL.
cl eyF, kdeyF, vGF eif X mF vd nkdhL
mPf TWtJ jidFaJ.

55

vd eifRitz yhjtF gfY Ushf njhW vwh.

fhaof, eifRit cz kL jdF iyba, vbghGnjh
jdJ thifia HUfTL vd Tdh.

yaf eifRit
gilj yaf eifRitz jJ gilf
gy fhzgLwd. fg eifRit czid, mtj ghlt
nehFnth.

mriy muf! gh lju kiljh dnw

btd th, sh, thYngh jjnw....

- fguhkhaz

ijia njo jK tJ w mDkid ghJ uhtz,

th eykh? vW dwh. thdujiyt th thdh
izfgL mufnfh uhtz milj it mDk efth.
Mfnt, mt mr ntlh! muf jiyth, th wjh, mtdJ
thY wJlJ! Mdh, NaFy njhwyha th mF
fhuzkhdJ uhk xU fizna vgjid kL kwJlhnj! vd
kWbkh TWwh.
uhtzDF thiag ftiy iy. mt thiygjh
ftiy. th thDyf nghUfyh. Mdh, mt th kQy
itfgoUjh vd brtJ? mJ tJ eWJnkh? th shJ
nghD, mt th Llh vd brtJ vw mr uhtzDF
Ufyh myth? mj mrij J itwh mDk.
thYngh jjnw, th wJnghlJ vW uhtzDF
JLtJngh f nkl uhtzid,
eifF
cat
MFwh.
yafS xwhd ffJ gu rabfhlh eif
Ritz njhw, gy ghlfis ghosh. fhzKoahj ngfis
cUth, cUs cikwfnghy e fKnd elkhlL,
eifRitFa brafis mtilna fhosh.
fhnjia NUj ngf njhwijg TWnghJ,
fdfnubyW beoa th gidfis xj fhY ifKiladth
ngf Ujd. mngf thf bga Fiffngh fhajd.
ngf cfhUjh mt KHfhf, KffSF nkny _W
KH caUgJngh fhzgld. mt _Ys Klkf
bgUghfnghy
bjhbfhoUjd.
brfny
Mijf

56

cbshJUf, btsthf mFF gwjd. mt jiyf

thdij jh jfgJnghy cjLf khtiu jhJ fhzgld
vW ngf njhw FJ eifRit jJgo rabfhlh
TWwh.
f fhsnkf UbghU jUkhW brhfis gho mikJ ghLt
tyt. ehf fuhrf vW brUFl Ta ytf brUif
mlFgo, f vgjF FuF vD bghU njhWkhW,
thbynf? LvGj tY bunf? ehY

fhbynf? Ctoj fbznf? - rhy

uha nghW ytfh! f
fuha vUj fh.
vD ghliy ghodh.

fhsnkf, xUKiw MalUJ gUFtjfhf nkh thdh.

mt fQF nkh, nkhuhf bjaiy; btW uhf bjjJ. clnd,
xU ghlY mt kd njhaJ.
fh vW nggiljh.... vd bjhlF ghliy mikJ, mghl
thdbt nkfkhf nghJ fh vW, kiHahf
bgnghJ vW, Ma if tjl nkh vW KngU
bgwh vdT eiff itwh.
mHa brhfehj vgtU eifRitahf ghLt tyt.
xUghl, xUt Ujf thgjid eifl TWwh. Ujf
UJ vG Xir ikahf yhk, vU jL Xirngh Ujjh.
mjidnfl bgf vU thf, Tilia vLJbfhL, Xir tj
iria neh Xodhfsh.
xU o bg xU gho bfhoUjh. Mdh, cik mt
ghliy, f bfhoUjh. mt ghil nfL, fhzhknghd
j fGij Ug tjJ vW v fnl fnl vW, mj
cikahs Xo tjhuh vd kbwhU ghl eifRit njhw ghosh.
57

murf fJ nghW ytfsha f Fufurfshf Ujh,

cfSF Ufntoa l thY, Tikahd effS Ctoj
ffS cfl iyna! mgo UFnghJ, f vgo fuhaf
vW Tbfhs Ko? vdnfL mtfis v eifahodh.

 fhy fPf jhf ifahSw fgidfY ctikfY

eifRitia mHFw mikJ fhLwhf. fP ghujhr k
fGJ L Ugjid eifRitahf sFwh.

mayh o miw elgij

vo ghfh Ug jnf
aif aid bg fbfyh
Fil fGij bfhLjh; cdnfh
fiwbah yh fyhg kny!
J f fGJ mjh.

bgf fGJ oUjh, milL miwny elgjid

MtnjhL ghghfsh; k mgo ghfhjh vd TWwh fP.

kbwhU ghl MykuUJ bjha xU ghig GJ vd

idJ gaJ k; ghbgd czjJ sif bjhl FHijia
nghy btLbfd FjJ. kUlt fQF Ulbjyh ngahf
njhWtJnghy d GJf vyh mFuFF ghghf bjjd.
mjdh, jiyfh ahk jh brw FuF kucF brW
U ghjJ. jdJ thiyflJ gj, mJ ghngh vd idJ
Lljh. thW eifRit cz njhw ghosh ghujhrdh.
eh ehL fP njf ehafdh, kUkft kha xU
eifRit fsa vg. fij kUkfdhf tUwt, g
gw Kiw eifLwJ. gof brwt vtiwbayh gza
itwh ghUf!

Mik tilfh miuPh gza

ngh fhf jf gza
il fhf nyL gza
KWF fhf nkhu gza
fh fhf fLf gza
TJ fhf Fil gza

go gza itjh, goJ vnf Kndwkila nghwh? vd

eilKiw rKjhaij vSwh.
ehLwghlfY eifRitz FUgjid fhzyh.

58

KS Kidny _Q Fs btond vd bjhlF ehLwghl

eifRit czfJ. fhy JfijfY eifRit mika
fPf ghoshf.
thwhf gHfhyKj fhytiu ya eifRit
mikJ kfis kJ tUwJ. f bjjtnu thH bjjt
vgjid czJ J thnth; ij knth.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. J vGJf.

1. eifRit =

4. Jz =

2. kQyf =

5. ya =

3. cbshJ =

2. nrJ vGJf.
3. aif + mid =

2. th + vnf =

4. FuF + mur =

3. nfhol lij uf.

1. ya Ritf f EgkhdJ

2. eifRitz yhjtUF gfY

3. fg aa

njhW.

M) FWdhf

1. eifRitg fhaof Tajid vGJf.

2. kUkft kha- F vGJf.

) Wdhf

1. eifRit - F vGJf.

2. fg eifRitzit mtj ghlt sFf.

3. k fGJ oUgjF ghujhrdh id fgid ahJ?

<) beLdhf

1. ffJgu mikJs eifRit eaij sFf.

2. fhsnkfyt eifRitzit tf.

59

1. mF + F =

Jizghl

FHij a
mg murit gh vD mikr xUt Ujh. gh TW
eaiuf, mgUF f ojikah, mtiu nffhk vj xU Ko
vLfkhlh.
xUeh, tHfnghy murit bjhlaJ. mgU tJlh. Mdh,
ghiy fhziy. fhyflJ bfhoUjnj ju, gh tUtJngh
bjaiy. vd MW ghYF, V D muritF tuiy?
cl eyiynah? thW gythwhf f bjhldh mg.
bghWikHj mt, gh oF M mD mtiu tutiHjh.

mg : thUf mikrnu,
V ts

vdbtW eh bjJ bfhsyhkh?

jhkj?

fhuz

gh : munr, jhkjF bghWJbfhs ntLnw. v

kf mGifia WL tUtjF jhkj MW.
mg :

gh f brhtJ f aghf Uwnj! xU

FHij mGifia WJtJ mts fodkhd brayh?

M, munr! FHij mGifia WJtJ mts

gh :
vjW.
mg :

gh, f brhtjid vdh VWbfhs ayhJ.

murit fodkhf njhW tHFfisTl vjhf
f vdF Mnyhrid tHUf. Mdh, xU
FHijia cfsh rkhjhd bra Koaiy vW
TWtJ eg Toajhf iyna.

gh : munr! bgatf tHFfisTl vjhf J

itJlyh; Mdh, mlow FHijfl eKila

thbrh vLglhJ.
mg : mgoah brhf?
gh
mg

:
:

gh :

M, munr. mjid eh bghGnj bkJ fhLnw.

vgo bkf? brhYf, gh.
munr, eh y k neuF FHijahf cf K mGJ
ml onw. vid rkhjhd brf ghfyh.
60

mg :

mtsjhnd, f FHijahf eof bjhlFf, eh

vts vjhf rkhnw, ghUf.

gh jid FHijahf idJbfhL if fhfis jiu

cijJ bfhL mH bjhldh.
mlnl, Vdgh mGwh? vd ntL cdF? mHhnj,
FHjh. vd nflhY th jUnw. ey isah
mHhk U, rjhnd!

gh

cF.....mbjyh KoahJ. vdF xU ahid ntQ......

mg :

ahidjhnd njh tutiHnw. ahunf? clnd xU

ahidbghikia bfhL th.

(cju munr vW xU fhtyh XobrW ahidbghikia
bfhL tjh. gh L bgUFubyLJ mH bjhldh.)
gh :

j ahid ny, eh nflJ bga ahid. vdF ahid

ntQ... gnt ntQ.

mg : X! cdF cikahd ahid ntLkh? r... r... mHhnj,

ahunf, eKila glJ ahidia nf miHJ th.

(glJ ahid muritF EiHjJ. ahidia ghj D
gh L mH bjhldh.)
mg : nfljidjh tutiHJnlnd,

ntL cdF? V L mGwh ?
gh

vd

vdF g xU ........xU ghid ntQ..........

mg : ghidah! fhtyh, clnd brW xU ghid bfhL th....

......iuthf...

61

mg :

(fhtyh bfhLtj ghidia ghj gh L

iffhfis jiu cijJbfhL mH bjhldh.)
mg :

nfltiwjh jJnlnd! L L V ml
owh?vW Ta mg Fu d vo ghjJ.

gh :

nghgh! d bfhlh eh vJ brhykhnl. ..............

vW kWgo mH bjhldh, gh.

mg :

mHhnjlh bry. nfltiwjh clnd jUnwnd,

mwK V mGwh?

gh

mgh...mgh...ahidia j ghidFns nghL jhgh....

mg :

vdJ? ts bga ahidia vgo j a ghidF

nghl Ko? mjid bra KoahJlh fzh.

gh :

nghgh, eh vJ brhdhY KoahJnd brhf, vdF

gnt ahidia ghidFns nghL bfhLf .... ...

(bgUFu vLJ mH bjhldh gh. xU FHijia
mikgLJtJ mts vjhd brayW vgjid mnghJjh
mg czu bjhldh.)
mg :

njh ghU bry, ahidia ghU, vts bga cUt;

Mdh, m ghidia ghjhah, ts a tot.
brhtJnghy bra KoahJlh, cdF ntW VjhtJ ntLkh
brh, bghGnj bfhLtu brnw.

gh

mJ KoahJ. eh brhtjid brJ fhLf.

( .......... vW L mHbjhldh. )

mg

nghJ gh, nghJ. eh v njhia xbfhnw.

gh :

nghJ JbfhOfsh? v kfD gojh mGJ

ml ojh. mt mGifia WJtjnf vdF gy
k neu MW.

mg

f vid btWOf.

(jgona vGj gh, j UifF brwh.)

kh dh

fLiu dh
FHij a vD fijia RU vGJf.

62

yfz

ah, m
ahyfz
khzt

: tzf, Iah.

Ma

: tzf. m, j yfz vjid tifgL?

khzt : ItifgL, Iah. mit: vGyfz, brhyfz,

bghU yfz, ahyfz, myfz vgd.
Ma : ewhf brhdh, k.
W cfSF ahy
fzij g fWjUnw.
khzt

: Iah, ahyfz vwh vd?

khzt

: Iah, br cWf ahit?

Ma : vGJ, mir, , jis, mo, bjhil Ma MW ah

cWfshF.
khzt

: mtiw FJ brhYf, Iah.

Ma : XbuGJ jnjh iznjh xgJ mir.

iuair vd UtifgL.

mJ neuir,

mirf gy nrJ miktJ, vdgL.

f xWl xW bghUj miktJ jis vdgL.

uL myJ gy f nrJ miktJ mo vdgL.

mof uL Kjadthf bjhlJ mL ghLtJ,

gh vdgL. tz, br yfzij TWtJ

ahyfz vdgL.
khzt

: br vwhY ghL vwhY xWjhnd, Iah.

Ma

: M. fij vW F vWTl brhyyh.

khzt : gh tiffis TWf, Iah.

63

Ma : ah vwh fLj vgJ bghU. ahif - ahj = ah.

vY, jir, eu Kjatwh cl flgL UgJnghy
brSF ca cWfisbfhL ghliy cUthFjny

ah vdgL.

Ma : btgh, Magh, tgh, fgh Mad gh

tiff. Xireaij ntWgL mtjfhf ehtif
ghf mikfgLsd.
khzt

: btghF xU ghL brhYf, Iah.

Ma : MuJ KW KgJ UFwS btghjh. Mdh,

ulof kL tUtjdh, Fw btgh vd miHg.

nfo Gbrt f xUtF

khly kiw ait.

J Fw btgh.

fikj yhyof fh njhjyh

tz kykhiy thLjyh - v
eWjh kiuU eDjny mdh
mjh esjid MF.

J neir btgh.

khzt : MaghF X vLJfhL jhUf, Iah.

Ma :

ehlh bfhnwh fhlh bfhnwh

mtyh bfhnwh irah bfhnwh
vt eyt Mlt
mt eiy tha ynd.

khzt : fghF xU ghl TWf, Iah.

Ma :

catw caey cilat atdt

katw key mUd atdt
matW mkuf sg atdt
JauW Rluo bjhGbjG vkdnd.

khzt : tghF ghl xW brhYf, Iah.

Ma :

tisahL kyRid il
tisahLif kifa udbkd
isahLt nuhLt TLt
isahLt ig nkwnt!

myfz
khzt

: tzf, Iah.

Ma

: tzf. W f myfzg ff nghf.

khzt

: m vwh vd, Iah?

64

Ma : m vwh mHF vgJ bghU. ytf, bghUsHF

brhyHF njhw fijfis a fnghiu kdFu
brthf. jid sF yfznk myfz .
khzt

: myfzbfd f clh?

Ma : cnl. joayfhu, khwdyfhu vgd myfz

Fj j f. mf gy. ctika FJ W
fngh.

CU iw jnw cyfth
ngu ths U.


C eLnt cs Fs udhnghwnj cyf cfis
bayh U cjbr ngu cilahl nrj
brt.
ghl, CU iwj vgJ ctik. cyfth
nguths U vgJ ctnka. mW vgJ ctk cU.
thW ctik, ctnka ulid izF ctk
cU btgLkhW tughLtJ ctika MF.
: vLJfhL ctika vwh vd, Iah?

Ma : brhnw.

wik uh dik mfik
thikah fhz gL.

xUtdJ cl ik Fgjdh ygL. cikia

ngRtjdh, cs ik ygL.

ghl, cl ik uh mik vgJ ctik.

cs ik cik ngRtjdh clhF vgJ

ctnka. ulid izF ctk cU iy.
ghl ctik, ctnka uL jjahf
bfhLfgL il ctk cU kiwkhW mikf
gLsJ. vdnt, ghl vLJfhL ctik m.
khzt

: cUtfm g brhYf, Iah.

Ma : brhnw.

brh isydh <jny jhf

tbrh fisfL thik vUto
m gh mwf <dnth
igT Wfhiy br.
65

khzt

 ghl brh - isy; <j - ij,

tbrh - fis; thik - cu (vU); m - ; mw - f
vd cUtf bgWsjdh, ghl cUtf mahF.
thW ctkhd ntW, ctnka ntW vd njhwhj tif,
ctkhd afis ctnkank V TWtJ

cUtf m ahF.

kKf - knghw Kf - ctik

Kfk - Kf Ma k - cUtf

g :

vgJ bghU.

1. ah vwh
m) moj

M) ijj

) fLj

2. fhW myJ vD jiy vL tf fij xW vGJf.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. ca ilia njJ vGJf.

1. mir

tifgL.

m) ehF M) _W ) uL
2. br aW yfzJF

vd bga.

m) myfz M) bghU yfz ) ahyfz

3. ctkhd jikia ctnkank VTWtJ
m) ctika M) cUtf m ) a e m

2. nfhol lij uf.

1. mirf gy nrJ miktJ

vdgL.

2. ctk cU btgl tUtJ

m.

3. kKf - cUtfkhf khWnghJ

vdtU.

M) FWdhf

1. br cWf vjid? mit ahit?

2. gh vjid tifgL? mit ahit?

3. m vwh vd?

66

m.

tFgiwwf
m) ngRj w
eifRitahf ngRtJ xUfiy. w kd glhjtif eifRit mikj
ntL. f nfL ghJ fL Ritj VjhtJ xU fid eifRit fyJ
IJ kJf ngRf.
M) goj w
fhQ gia goJ ea czf. czjjid kwtUF vLJ brhYf.
xUKiw kdU, ytU MW fhgLgo elJ brwd. mnghJ yt
MWiu m Fojh. mjid ghj kd, ytnu! v fh Gj iujhnd
Fo vwh. clnd yt, nu vfh Gjh eh vd brtJ? vW eagl
Tdh.
) vGJj w

ciuahliy iw br w
( v.fh.)
khzt : tzf, Iah.

Ma : tzf. neW V gF tuiy?

khzt : cley yhjjdh neW gF tuiy, Iah.
Ma : kUJtiu ghjhah? vd Tdh?
khzt : knyah fhryhf Ufyh vW kUJt Tdh, Iah.
g : ntiynto nefhzYF brw KUfDF Wtd nkyhsUF ilna

eilbgW ciuahl. nfhol lfis jFj brhbwhlfsh uf.
KUf

: tzf Iah.

nkyhs

: tzf. cfhUf.

KUf :
nkyhs
: cfSila
ghf?

rhjfis

bfhLf.

jFK

vF

ntiy

KUf :
nkyhs
: mgoah, eyJ. bgfqnyna fbgw Wtdkhnw. Mdh, mF
ntiyia LL brid V ga tf?
KUf
: bgnwh cleyid ftFbghUL, mtf UF lF
lkhWjY gkhWjY bgW tnj.
nkyhs :

67

KUf

: v flikiajh eh brnj.

nkyhs
: cfisnghw bghWghdtfisjh eh njobfhL Unw.
f ehisKj F ga tuyh. cfSila gak
Mizia Jneu fhUJ bgW brYf.
KUf

bkhw g
1. WjFf
eh ngRnghJ fUJfSnfg, W ngRnwh. vGJnghJ, WJlfis
fhl WjFfis gagLJnwh. tiw Ffho, brhbwhl bghUis
Jbfht FHg VgL.
K tF WjFfisg mtiw vF gagLj ntL vgjid
g mUf. mtiw idTJ, fhQ gfis brf.
g

m) fhQ ciueilgFfSF bghUjkhd WjFfis L vGJf.

1. viy fhjd bjhiy jjd Mdh mt th Jgnfh
viyiy bjhiynfh msiy

2.

xU fijbawh fgid cz fUJ tot Ma ehF Uf ntL

vd mP TWt

3. UFw xU th mJ jHf brt mj ul fUbjyh

xnw xW mJ kfsh wnjhbuyh kfgnghL thj ntL

4. nruehL ntHKilJ ghoehL KJilJ nrhHehL nrhWilJ bjhilehL
rhnwhUilJ vgJ xsit thF
5. ygfhu j KjKj njha fhakhF jid Fokf
fha vd mP nghWt
M) fhQ bjhlf ca WjFfis Lf.

1.

eh jliH fW v th canj vW jHha Tdh

2.

mzh F bragL vW Tdh

3.

j yfz ItifgL mitahtd vGJ brh bghU ah m

4.

mlnl Vdgh mGwh vdntL cdF

5.

mDkid ghJ uhtz th eykh vW nflh

68

2. id Tf.
flf jbHfis vGJf.

11

16

12

17

13

18

14

19

10

15

20

3. fLiug
gJ jLF KiwfS

jaf jnyna ngRnth

fjh, khyh njhf. xUeh gfYz ntisnghJ khyh tFF tUwh.
fjh : khyh, th th. vdgh Ahnl th? V fhiy shRF tuiy.
nylhf vGjhah?

fjh : itjhf. Mdh, vdh vyh bfhoDF M[ vGjKoay.

mjF bg moJ lJ.
khyh
: mgoah? nlh bth, Or kWgo bl itghf mnghJ ewhf
vGjyh.

UtU nga ciuahliy gofsh?

jG, MyK fyJ ngr ntLkh?

nkfl ciuahliy wbkh brhf fythk L vGJf.

69

khyh : neh, fjh, TYF snghJ vf k nghMRF nghf

brhlhf. CUw vf MoF oalh kahl mDgDD
brhdhf. mjdhjh kh tuKoay. r, j Or bl
itjhfsh?

thifw
xUtnuhL xUt gHF w
mHfDF mtDila jij a to xwid th bfhLjh. mHf
jij miugo mjid f l ghJfhjh. xUeh, mHf eg
nrhH toia Xo ghgjfhf mtl nflh. mHfDF vd brtJ
vW bjaiy. to gGjhLnkh vW mdh. mnjneu toia
bfhLfhlh, eg y brWLthndh vW mr bfhlh.
iy mHf vjifa Ko vLUgh?

kf

ez
buR ehil nrj khu bengha uhQt f x goJ
bfhoUjh. mF tajhd bgk xU gH WbfhoUjh. mtl
bengha vnghJ gH thFth. gz iybawhY flDF th mjid
uL _Weh U brYLth. xUKiw mt flDF tha neu, uhQt
fia L bryntoa Niy VglJ. flid U brYjhknyna
mt brWlh. uhQt caj gj nrjh. L mnj CUF U
tjh. mnghJ, jh fl brhL brWl mj tajhd bgkia
fhz brwh. mbgk tHfnghy, mnj l gH WbfhoUjh.
mF brw bengha mtl gH thdh. thajF mfkhfnt gzij
bfhLjh. gzij tha mj bgk ifjh. vd gho, vid milahs
bjaiyah? ehjh cfl tHfkhf gH tha bengha. mW cfl
tha gHF gz bfhLfiy myth? nghJ nrJ th bfhSf
vwh.
bengha ezit g vd idf?
fS benghaidnghW enahL UJ thJ fhLf.

70

tsu braghLf
nfl w

braghL - 1

fhQ gia Ma gof khztf cWnfL dhfSF

ilaf.
fLiu vGj bjhlFK mjidga fUJf gy vGJgt
vz njhWj ntL.
bghUSnfg TWj, tirgLJj,
RUfkhf TWj Kja wj afis nfl w thyhf xUt
fW bfhsyh. fw nfl Ma ulid kL bgUF xUt,
X mfuKjF izahdt Mth. Vbd, mfuKj xUt mJbfhs
U tufis kL jUnka, mtiw bjhlgL TwhJ.
xUt jh mJ bfhljidg eF J Muhj ntL.
jid isnt wj mthF. fUJfis MuhJ bjhlgLJjny
bjj mthF. xUt jfahf kL UJlhk, aif
csdtiw fhQj ntL. Vbd, glf midtUF
aikahjjhF. kwtf TWtjidl eh vd fhnw? vD
dh xbthUtUila csY vGj ntL. ehnjhW eth
fhgdtiw vG, tUJ, tJt ekJ F wD fLiu
vGJ tik bgUF vgJ z.
j

dhf
1. ciug ika fUJ ahJ?
2. mfuKjF izahdt ah?
3. jf vd ahiu miHnwh?
4. glf V njit?
5. jid isthf njhWtJ vJ?

ngRj w

braghL - 2

fhQ ciuahliy Funyw wfJl ngRf.

(nrukh fizfh UbghiwF nrhH nfhbrfzhDF eilbgw
ngh, nrukh fizfh Ubghiw njhWwh. mtid iw
milJ JWJwh nfhbrfzh. iw thoa UbghiwF
iw fhtyfSF ilna eilbgW ciuahl F bfhLfgLsJ.)
Ubghiw
: M! j, j. v eh cyJlJ. ahunf? Fof
bfhzUf. eh miHgJ cf brf
Hiyah?
iwfhty - 1 : Mfh! ewhf nfwJ.(br HhjJngh) ahnuh xUt
j, j vW myWwh.
iwfhty - 2 : Inah ght! j nfL jgt nru kd Ubghiw
nghUwnj!

71

iwfhty - 1 : Mkh. e murl nghL njhw Ubghiwjh.

iwfhty - 2
: e murl nghL njhw , mtdJ Mzt
Fiwaiyna! FogjF j ntLkh. j
ntLgt jhikl myth nfl ntL?
iwfhty - 1 : cldoahf juhlh wjh nghLth? D J
neujh ygLnk!
Ubghiw : iw fhtyfns! vid Fwth vd idJ
bfhOnuh! eh nruehL mur nfnw. v
ntifia Uf.
(Jneu fJ)
iwfhty - 1 : j, j vW myaJ jhdh? njh, j.
bgWbfh.
(jUfhf nru if LbghGJ ntLbknw fhtyf bfhLgJngh
bfhLJ VkhWj. Ftis js kLnk j Uj. mjid nru
bgWj. Mdh, mjiu mUjhk X Xukhf itj.)
Ubghiw : iw fhtyfns! nghfs thdh Jglt
fSnf njtUyf L. wJ wF FHij
cU wF FHij th tLidbgW th
bgwh. vD, mtiw njtUyf mDg J l,
bt u brw tna it brf vd th, thsh
bto ijg. jifa gey thfbgw mur kuny
njha vid, kahJ ngh. ntifia
bghWJ bfhshk
ah cfis bf nfL,
fhyjh j j. jid kahjh jj iu
gUF iyila kfdhf yf wy.
(vW Tathnw nrukh fizfh Ubghiw f gho
fy ka Gjh.)

goj w

braghL - 3

fhQ ghliy XireaJl ghofhLf.

ViHF m fhL cid
vjhiu bgh XL!
nfhiHF uij CL ca
bfhiffh thJ fhL!

gF brw j eF
ghlf gL e!
J FjhL j g
Jw mnwh J!

xf vfhy fL
cath meif cL !
fg eth bfhL f
jGF MWf bjhL!

mjhd ghlf ghL J

mL fis ehL!
jjj fiyah njL gif
jidflh aF rhL!

nfh. m. mJ y, v j

72

vGJj w
brhbghUsj

braghL - 4

xU bghU

gy brhf

nrhW

mo, mkiy, m, co,

czh, C,
T, brh, J, gj, ghJ, ghj, fh, Gf,
if, bghk, kil, ir, jit, _u, t

t.v

xU bghU

gy brhf

1.

TW, s, bkh, a, ciu

2.

ngR

PhW, fut, g, gfyt, btnah

3.

Na

rhy, jt, e, T, f

4.

FHij

, ju, ehy, gh, ita

5.

cyf

is, FH, kf, nr

LfijfSfhd il fhz

braghL - 5

ehLw ghlf tHF Lfijf nH bfhLfgLsd. mtWfhd

ilfis flJ vGJf.
1. oyh bgo, bgoF itu, ituJ xahny itafnk bjJ - m~bjd?
2. vlhj uny vtU yh fhony
vyhd bgbzhU ubtyh wh - mt ah?
3. jidjh g bfhLgh kwtUF x bfhLgh - mt ah?

73

it, xU bghU Fj gy brhf vd tHfgLwd. jifa

xU bghU Fj gy brhfis bghUjkhd lf gagLJtjid
brhyh vg.
(v.fh.) nrhW vD bghU lbgWs ghl mof

co
- mWRit co mkyh Cl . . . . ( ehyoah, 1 )

T
- bfhs bfhs Fiwglh TGil adf . . . . (weh}W, 70)

Gf - c Gf . . . . ( tfjhk, 2984)

bghk - wobghk bgWF . . . . (kiygLflh, 169)

_u
- gRid _u ghbyhL bgWF . . . . (bgUghzhWgil, 168)

t
- tisf tbfh liskf . . . (weh}W, 190)
g
xU bghU czJ gy brhf bfhLfgLsd. mtiw bghUJf.

4. cig clt cwfhk miywh. mt ah?

5. mfh LF jif nghfyh; jif LF mfh nghf KoahJ. mitbad?
ilf tsu braghLf W bfhLfgLsd.

brhYUthFj

braghL - 6

fhQ vGJfis Kj vGjhf mikJ

bga, C/l, bghU,
gwit, yF, , bjh, fU Matiw FF brhfis flJ
mltizia uf.
vGJ

bga

C/l

bghU

gwit

yF

bjh

fU

Mjt

MLJiw

Mil

Mij

Mik

Mthu

Ma

th
fh
br

bgh

gHbkhf bghUsj

braghL - 7

bghUJf.
gHbkh

bghU

jhianghy is, iynghy nriy.

miu

Mogl njo ij.

eif

kFiuia e M wfhnj.

cwKiw

ij wjh t wF.

eifRit

gahk Uf tujUnt, bfhr giHaJ Ujh nghL.

cH

nfhol lij bghUsJ uj

braghL - 8

bghU kaf jU brhf mil FF bfhLfgLsd. mt

bghUsJ fhQ bjhlfis uf.
1. c o

miwf csd? ( vjid, vJiz )

74

 2. jhia flJ FHijFjh

3.

k. ( vjid, vJiz )

w eh fofhJ. ( Fiu, Fiy )

4. bjidku njfhf
( Fiu Fiu, Fiy Fiy )

ahf bjhFwd.

5. ehnjhW oafhiy vGtJ v

6. isahL u r lif

cilat. ( tHf, gHf )

7. W khiy eilbgW Tl
( jtwhk, juhk )
8. fh
( god, glz )

. ( tHf, gHf )
fyJ bfhSj ntL.

xU fhy wj flfiu efukhf saJ.

braghL IJfhd ilf

1. f 2. y 3. bkGFt 4. fl 5. cHF, go.

fwyil WkL
kbg : 10
1. nfhol lij uf.
m. ya Ritf f Egkhd Rit

M. eifRitz yhjtUF gfY

Mf njhW.

. fguhkhaz thdujiyt

<. ffJgu Ma

c. kUkf t kha xU

fsa.

2. fhQ Fwgh gWtU mia njbjLf.

2X1=2

m. ebjhW ea nghY gbjhW

gil ahs bjhl.
(ctika, vLJfhL ctika)
M. cLif Hjt ifnghy Mnf
Lf fistjh e.
(ctika, vLJfhL ctika)
3. fhQ ciug lbgWs eifRitia sFf.

3X1=3

HP . th. #fehj mtf, ngRtjfhf X CUF brwh.

j
bjhlto brW fhiy m wdh.
mtiu ngRtjF
miHjtf khiyL mtiu tuntwhf. mjid fl . th. #fehj,
VnjJ? fhiyny khiy tJlnj! vwh .

75

5X1=5

vdh Ko, ehnd brnj

(I can, I did)
khzt fw braghLf gntL
ghl :
eh

ghl v

ghljiy

t.v

76

braghL

Fiu