AN UZBEK GLOSSARY

Compiled by Herv Gurin

To all those who helped me with that glossary

2002-2005 Herv Gurin Last updated: 1 November 2005

Contents
Arrangement and Usage ........................................................................................... i
The object of this glossary ...............................................................................................................i What this glossary does not deal with ..............................................................................................i General arrangement.......................................................................................................................i First column....................................................................................................................................ii Second column.............................................................................................................................. iii Third column.................................................................................................................................. vi Fourth column................................................................................................................................ vi Materials used for this glossary ..................................................................................................... vii

Basic Concepts......................................................................................................... 1
Entities and Existence.....................................................................................................................1 Relations ........................................................................................................................................5 Category and Order ........................................................................................................................9 Quantity and Numbers ..................................................................................................................15

Space and Time ...................................................................................................... 22

Size ..............................................................................................................................................22 Shape...........................................................................................................................................24 Location........................................................................................................................................26 Time and Duration ........................................................................................................................31 Events and Evolution ....................................................................................................................37

Forces and Motion.................................................................................................. 45

Motion ..........................................................................................................................................45 Forces and Effects........................................................................................................................52 Processes.....................................................................................................................................54

Matter and Nature ................................................................................................... 62

Properties.....................................................................................................................................62 Substances...................................................................................................................................68 Nature ..........................................................................................................................................73

Life and Humans..................................................................................................... 78

Vital Functions ..............................................................................................................................78 Body.............................................................................................................................................84 Plants ...........................................................................................................................................89 Animals ........................................................................................................................................94 Humans........................................................................................................................................98 Health and Medicine ...................................................................................................................100

Perception and Cognition .................................................................................... 107

Perception ..................................................................................................................................107 Mind ...........................................................................................................................................110 Knowledge..................................................................................................................................117

Meaning and Spirit................................................................................................ 126

Opinion.......................................................................................................................................126 Meaning .....................................................................................................................................131 Communication...........................................................................................................................140 Art ..............................................................................................................................................144 Spirit...........................................................................................................................................149

Character and Emotions ...................................................................................... 154

Character....................................................................................................................................154 Emotions ....................................................................................................................................159

Action and Modality.............................................................................................. 168

Will, Ability and Necessity ...........................................................................................................168 Acts and Results.........................................................................................................................173

Circumstances............................................................................................................................183 Manner .......................................................................................................................................187

Attitudes ................................................................................................................ 192

Behaviour ...................................................................................................................................192 Feelings......................................................................................................................................198 Self-Image ..................................................................................................................................203 Authority .....................................................................................................................................206 Appraisal ....................................................................................................................................210

Community............................................................................................................ 213
Family.........................................................................................................................................213 Social Life...................................................................................................................................218 Society .......................................................................................................................................223 State and Politics........................................................................................................................230

Conflict and Justice.............................................................................................. 234

Conflict .......................................................................................................................................234 Justice ........................................................................................................................................241

Work and Possession .......................................................................................... 245

Possession and Exchange..........................................................................................................245 Work and Production ..................................................................................................................250 Economy ....................................................................................................................................260

Daily Life (I) ........................................................................................................... 267

Housing ......................................................................................................................................267 Objects and Tools.......................................................................................................................274 Clothing ......................................................................................................................................286

Daily Life (II) .......................................................................................................... 293

Food...........................................................................................................................................293 Transport ....................................................................................................................................303 Leasure ......................................................................................................................................308

Locutions .............................................................................................................. 311

Forms of Address .......................................................................................................................311 Greetings....................................................................................................................................313 Leave-taking...............................................................................................................................315 Introductions...............................................................................................................................316 Invitations ...................................................................................................................................317 Requests ....................................................................................................................................319 Apologies....................................................................................................................................320 Agreement and Disagreement ....................................................................................................321 Thanks .......................................................................................................................................323 Congratulations and Wishes .......................................................................................................324 Phone Conversation ...................................................................................................................326 Miscellaneous.............................................................................................................................327

Proper Names ....................................................................................................... 330

Places and Peoples ....................................................................................................................330

Arrangement and Usage

The object of this glossary
To make it easier for the student of the Uzbek language to acquire its basic lexicon. To achieve that, lexical items are presented according to their semantic relationships, and their syntactic category and behaviour are indicated as well. Such a glossary will of course prove useful only in the context of a steady practice of the language, with regular use of other oral or written materials. This is all the more true that no example of use in context has been given here.

What this glossary does not deal with

- Phonetic features possibly not reflected in current spelling (eg. dialectal distinctions between /o/ and //, /u/ and //, consonant assimilations). - Etymological origins of the lexical items (Turkish stock, Iranian, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and western languages). - Antonymy relationships between lexical items.

General arrangement
Principles
Lexical items, words and compound expressions are grouped into larger semantic fields. Each semantic field comes with a table, each line of which containing a head-word and lexical items derived from it. The tables are made out of 3 columns. The first column contains the head-word and its derived lexical items, the second column their syntactic conditions of use, and the third column their meaning expressed in English. In the html pages, links toward other acceptances of the word or its derivations are given on the right side of the table.

Lexical items
The lexical items which have been selected are mainly words, root words or derived words, but may also be compound expressions as well as some of the most used collocations. For example:
TUG'tug'ilv.t v.int tug'ilish tug'ilgan kun(+i) adj give birth to be born birth birthday innate, hereditary, inborn Gatherings

tug'ma

TUG- is a transitive verb, and is also the word root from which two other words are derived by lexical suffixation, tugil- and tugma. tugilish is not a proper lexical item, but is a nominal deverbative derived from the verb tugil-, and to which corresponds in English a word as such (birth). Very few of this last kind of derivations are included in the glossary. tugilgan kuni is a compound expression, frequently used, which corresponds also to a single word in English.

Lexical items derived from a given head-word are grouped together in a single line in the table, as far as they belong to the same semantic field. The most basic or common words are marked in bold face (e.g. tug'il-).

Semantic domains
Several semantic fields (or domains) have been distinguished, each of them making up a table. These semantic domains may be themselves grouped into fields at a superior level, up to that of the HTML page. The divisions and subdivisions defining the semantic domains are following the general lines adopted in current thesaurus. A lexical item may very often pertain to only one semantic domain. For instance, BULBUL, nightingale, appears in only one semantic domain, namely Animals. But quite frequently also, a given lexical item will pertain to several distinct semantic domains. An example is SABZI, carrot, which appears in the two following semantic domains, Plants and Food. Rather than selecting arbitrarily the unique domain where to place such a lexical item, both semantic domains are kept for the item. A given lexical item may have several correlated yet distinct meanings, which can pertain to different semantic domains. For instance, YUZ has as a first meaning, (human) face, belonging to the semantic domain Body, and as a derived meaning, surface, face, belonging to the domain Shape. Crossreferences between different occurrences of a same lexical item are implemented by hypertext links. Within a given semantic domain, items are grouped as much as possible according to their semantic proximity. These semantic domains are relatively large groupings, which may be in turn divided into several sub-domains (realms). These divisions are materialized by empty lines in the table. A given word may appear in two different realms within a same large semantic domain. For instance, KECHA has two distinct meanings, night and yesterday, both in the domain Time, appearing then in two distinct domains. Links are cross-referencing these two meanings. It must be clear that any grouping and sorting according to semantic criteria is more or less arbitrary.

Selected lexical items

The basic vocabulary has been selected, with a distinction between two levels, items or meanings of an item marked in bold face being the most basic or common. Without any frequency list, such a selection is highly subjective. A common meaning of an item is marked in bold face only in the table corresponding to its semantic domain. When such a meaning appears in an other semantic domain, it is not marked so.

First column
The first column contains Uzbek head-words with words derived from when selected. A head-word appears at the beginning of the cell, and if a root word, written in capital letters. A head-word may itself derives from a head-word appearing elsewhere in the glossary. Derived words follow, written in lower case. Only words appear in first column. Relevant grammatical derivations, expressions and collocations appear in second column, these being more or less specific uses of the word in first column. The basic criterion for determining what is a word is simply its spelling, a word being written in one piece.

ii

Derived and reduplicate terms (e.g. qarama-qarshi, opposite) appear in the same line as the headword, but in second column, more for space reasons than anything else. They are written in lower case. Same handling for compound-words, derived from two or more root words(e.g. ichki-tashki, inside and outside), written in second column and in lower case. They appear in a separate line. In Turkic languages, lexical derivation is made by means of suffixation, and there are also cases of prefixation (use of Persian prefixes). These two types of affixation are handled in the same way and written in lower case. Words from Arabic are also part of the Uzbek vocabulary, some of them derived from a same Arabic root, by prefixation, suffixation or infixation, these affixes being not productive as such in Uzbek. For some of these words, the semantic proximity between them is not strong enough for them to be grouped in the same line (e.g. KITOB, book and MAKTAB, school), but for others such a grouping is made (e.g. MASHHUR, famous and SHUHRAT, fame). These two forms being quite different, they are both written in capital letters in the same line. The same is done with words from western origin (e.g. EKONOMIK, EKONOMIST). The most common derived word from a given head-word have been selected. For the verbs in particular, passive/reflexive and causative derived verbs have been most often selected, excepted when these did not bring anything by themselves. Reciprocal/cooperative verbs have almost never been selected, excepted when their meaning had something more with respect to the basic reciprocal/cooperative meaning brought by the corresponding suffix. Different forms of a same word are written on two distinct lines, separated by a /. For instance: PESHANA / PESHONA. Irregular possessive suffixation are also mentioned on two distinct lines. For instance BURUN (burn+i) or ASHYO (ashyo+i).

Second column
The second column contains basically a description of how words listed in first column are used in the language. 1) The words grammatical category (in Uzbek) is first mentioned:
ad adj adv n num post pron v.int v.t meas neg adjective or adverb adjective adverb name number postposition pronoun intransitive verb transitive verb measure negative

2) When the word may function as the head of a syntactic unit (clause, noun phrase) with one or several dependant arguments, the arguments marking is mentioned. This is more often the case for verbs (with subject, direct object, indirect object, etc.), but may be also the case of some adjectives or nouns. Distinctions between core and peripheral arguments are not made.

iii

The subject of a verb is generally not mentioned, as well as the direct object of a transitive verb when it is basically its only argument. Compounds verbs formed with qil- are supposed transitive if no specific argument is specified. Those formed with bo'l- are supposed intransitive. An argument appears in the following form: nature of the argument + reference of the argument + case. For instance NX+dan references a nominal phrase referenced as X in the English translation (column 3), in the ablative case. Arguments are referenced as X, Y, Z, beginning with core arguments. Natures of arguments are:
N V A num C Noun phrase Verb phrase Adjective number Clause

Cases are:
+ni +ga +da +dan +ning direct object / accusative dative locative ablative genitive

A noun may bear a pronominal suffix. This is noted using its value in the 3rd singular person:
+i pronominal suffix

(+si if the noun ends with a vowel) The pronominal suffix may combine with casual suffixes: +ida, +iga, etc. In order to save space, the word is replaced by ~, and when marking of the arguments occurs on the same line that the grammatical category these are separated by |. Examples:
BERAYLANaylantirO'RIN (o'rn+i) v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ n NX+ning o'rn+ini bosgive X to Y, grant X to Y turn into X, change into X turn X into Y, transform X into Y place to sit, seat, place to sleep place, room replace X, take the place of X

Some additional considerations:

iv

The direct object is in Uzbek as in the other Turkic languages marked differently according to whether it is specific/definite or not. In the first case, it bears the accusative case suffix, and in the second one, does not bear casual marking, and must immediately precede the verb. The notation NX+ni is systematically used for marking the direct object, instead of NX(+ni), more correct but taking slightly more space. In the same way, nominal phrases with a noun dependant does not always use the genitive case, but the notation NX+ning is systematically used, instead of NX(+ning). Nominal phrases are headed by a noun, and this can be also a nominal deverbative (or verb noun). In some cases, reference might be made to the deverbative and its type: N(ish)X notes a nominal phrase which can also be a verbal noun in -ish, the notation VX+ish is then used. N(gani)X notes a nominal phrase which can also be a verbal noun deriving from a past participle followed by a pronominal suffix. The notation of these possibilities is not systematic. NX without more precision may very well refer also to a nominal phrase headed by a verb noun. Example:
XOHLABILv.t | N(ish)X+ni ~ v.t VX+ishni ~ VX+ganini ~ want X,wish X, desire X know, comprehend know how to X know that X

3) Compound expressions a) For some lexical items derivations obtained through pure grammatical devices may be listed if presenting some interest for that glossary. This has been kept restricted as much as possible. Example as following:
BILv.t bilmay / bilmasdan bilar-bilmas bilish know, comprehend unknowingly without being sure, hastily know-how

b) Many compound verbs are formed from nouns compound with bol- (intransitive verbs) or qil- (et-) (transitive verbs). Such verbs appear also in second column, even if one should notice that very often such compound verbs with qil- are synonymous with the verbs derived from the noun through suffixation -la, which appear in first column. c) Some expressions using verbal auxiliaries are used commonly enough to appear also in that glossary, even if such expressions are strictly speaking not part of the lexicon. For instance:
KO'Rv.t | N(gain)X+ni ~ ko'rib turko'rib chiqko'rib qolsee X observe, watch examine notice

d) Some other expressions, closely related to a given lexical item, may figure under its heading.

For instance:
AZOB n azob tortazob chekNX+ga ~ bersuffering suffer suffer torture X

4) As seen previously, the second column may also contain reduplicated derived terms (intensive), as well as compound words from two different roots. They are written in lower case.

Third column
The third column contains the meaning(s) of lexical items and related expressions, as rendered by translation(s) in English. These translations may contain references to arguments of the syntactic core whose the lexical item is the nucleus. Arguments referenced are those mentioned in second column (X, Y, Z). It may happen that for some verbs an argument not subject in Uzbek and as such referenced in second column is the subject of the English translation. In this case, that argument appears between brackets in the translation, with the verb in the infinitive form. Example:
GUMON n NY+dan NX+ning ~+i bor NX+dan gumon qilsuspicion, doubt (about people) (X) be suspicious of Y suspect X, doubt X

In the translation some additional elements may help interpreting the translation, or may precise the nature of a given argument. These appear within brackets. When those elements precise the nature of an X, Y or Z argument their contents begin with =.

Abbreviations
sb sth swh o.s. esp fig l/f somebody something somewhere oneself especially figuratively literal and figurative (meaning)

In some cases, distinct meanings of a same lexical item, rather than to appear in distinct lines will be on a same line, separated by ;.

Fourth column
The fourth (invisible) column contains links to other references to the lexical item in other parts of the glossary.

vi

Materials used for this glossary

Uzbek-English dictionary: Natalie Waterson, Oxford University Press, 1980. O'zbek tilining izohli lug'at: Z.M. Mairufov, Moskva 'rus tili' nashriyoti, 1981 O'zbekcha-ruscha lug'at: S. Akobirova, V. Mixailova, Toshkent, 1988 Uzbekskiy yazik dlya vzroclix: N.A Kissen, Sh.U. Raxmatullayev, Toshkent o'qituvchi, 1989 Fransuzcha-ruscha-o'zbekcha lug'at: M.X. Qorayeva, Toshkent o'qituvchi, 1991 Uzbek-English, English-Uzbek dictionary: Kamran M. Khakimov, Hippocrene books, 1994 Guide parl franais-ouzbek-russe: Toshkent o'qituvchi, 1994 Colloquial Uzbek: Kurtulush ztopu, Audio-forum, 1994 Modern literary Uzbek: Khayrulla Ismatulla, Indiana University, 1995 English-Uzbek-Russian reference book: LM.T Triskulov et al, Toshkent o'qituvchi, 1995 Dictionary of the Turkic languages: Kurtulush ztopu et al, London Routledge, 1996 Uzbek to English Dictionary: Karl Krippes, Dunwoody Press, 1996 Central Asia phrasebook: J. Rudelson, J. Kakharov et al, Lonely Planet Publications, 1998 Ozbek tili, chet elliklar uchun amaliy kurs: Yu. Azizxonova, R. Tolipova, Toshkent, 1999 Zangari Kema Uzbek-English dictionary: W. Dirks, http://www.geocities.com/zangari_kema/izlatop.html Dictionnaire Ouzbek-Franais: B. Balci, Kh. Ibragimov, U. Mansurov, J. Uhres, l'Asiathque, 2001 Parlons Ouzbek: Saodat Doniyorova, l'Harmattan, 2001 Hozirgi o'zbek tili faol so'zlarning izohli lug'ati: A. Hojiyev et al, Sharq nashriyot-matbaa aksiyadorlik kompaniyasi, Toshkent, 2001 Teachionary Uzbek Word Sets, http://cassandra.sprex.com/teachionary/Uzbek_all.htm Uzbek dictionary & phrasebook: N. Awde, W. Dirks, U. Hikmatullaeva, Hippocrene books, 2002 Uzbek-English dictionary (latin): A. Paiziev, translate uz, http://www.nuu.uz/weblugat Uzbekistan Online Forum, http://www.forum.uz, tillar sahifasi UzLand.com, http://uzland.com/language_tutor.cfm?less=1&id=1 Pouvoir, don et rseaux en Ouzbekistan post-sovitique: Boris-Mathieu Ptric, PUF, 2002

vii

Basic Concepts
Entities and Existence
NARSA n bir narsa har narsa hech narsa n n n NX+ning ~+i GAP n hech gap yo'q katta gap nima gap? adj, n n v.int v.int | NX/AX ~ NX/AX ~+ib qolv.int | NX ~+ib adj adj | NY+ning NX+i ~ adj | NY+da NX ~ bor bo'ln adj NY+ning NX+i ~ NY+da NX ~ yo'q bo'ln adj mavjud bo'ln n paydo bo'lpaydo qilv.int yuz berBUNYOD CHIQbunyod bo'lbunyod qilv.int kelib chiqbunday kelib chiqadiki CX sodir bo'lv.int v.int yo'q bo'lib ketv.int v.t thing, object some thing everything nothing thing(s), articles (for use), goods object, thing matter, affair, business, thing work, job, task X's affair, business, job matter, affair (to talk about) nothing much, never mind, no problem big event what has happened? useless(ness), empty, emptiness nothing be, come into being, happen become X, get X become X, get X as (a) X existent, present (Y) have X (possession) (Y) have X (with it) be present; exist existence non-existent, absent (Y) have not X (possession) (Y) have not X (with it) disappear, vanish; lack non-existence, absence existing, available exist, be available existence, availability nature, essence, being appear produce be visible, appear, emerge happen appear, be created make appear, create come out, appear, emerge happen it follows that X happen disappear, get lost go, leave disappear, vanish disappear, vanish cause to vanish, erase

BUYUM PREDMET ISH

BEKOR BO'L-

BOR

borlik YO'Q

yo'qlik MAVJUD mavjudlik mavjudot PAYDO ko'rin-

SODIR YO'QOLKETO'CHo'chir-

KUYG'OYIB g'oyibona HODISA

v.int adj g'oyib bo'lg'oyib qiladv n baxtsiz ~ ko'ngilsiz ~ n halokatga uchraadj n n n n adj adv n n n n n n n adj adj | NX VY+ishi ~ bo'lishi mumkin (bo'lgan) n adj n n adj ad n har ehtimolga qarshi n ad

get lost, get wasted absent, invisible disappear, vanish cause to vanish, take away, remove being invisible, secretly event, incident, happening accident, mishap accident, mishap accident, disaster, wreck meet with an accident accidental, disastrous event, incident fact process chance, fate accidental, casual by chance miracle adventure fate, lot, future event, case sky fate fate, destiny luck, fortune, fate fate (of sb) possible (Y) be possible for X (whose existence is) possible possibility impossible possibility possibility, opportunity impossible probable(ly), possible(ly) probability, possibility just in case probability clear(ly), obvious(ly) precise(ly), exact(ly) definite(ly), absolute(ly) certain, definite, inevitable define, fix if if, in the event of in the event of X, in case of X

halokat halokatli VOQEA FAKT JARAYON TASODIF tasodifiy tasodifan MU'JIZA SARGUZASHT TAQDIR FALAK PESHANA / PESHONA TOLE (tole+i) QISMAT MUMKIN mumkinlik nomumkin IMKON imkoniyat imkonsiz EHTIMOL ehtimollik ANIQ

MUQARRAR belgilaAGAR MABODO TAQDIR

adj v.t conj conj CX+gan taqdirda

HOL

n bu holda har holda n n n n n conj n shart-sharoit bunday sharoitda sharoitga qarab post | N(ish)X ~ post | N(gani)X ~ shuning uchun post | NX ~ n N(ishi)X+ga ~ bo'lnima sababdan shu sababdan adj | N(gani)X ~ ad conj conj conj v.t NX+ga olib keln n adj | NX+ga ~ n NX+ga ~ ko'rsatadj v.t n N(gani)X ~+sida natija bernatijada ad ad n adj adj n n n v.t n, adj post | NX+ga ~ conj

AHVOL HOLAT VAZIYAT MUHIT SHART basharti SHAROIT

condition, state (of sb, sth) circumstances under the circumstances whatever the circumstances condition, state (of sth, esp. of sb) condition(s), state, status situation, position, condition circumstances environment, surroundings condition (necessary for sth) provided that, in the event of conditions (of, with sth); circumstances conditions under these conditions depending on the circumstances for X (sake/purpose), in order to X for X (reason), because of X therefore, for that reason because of X, thanks to X, on account of X reason, cause cause, provoke X for what reason for this reason for the reason of X, due to X without reason because since, as, considering that, because because, by reason that, since bring about, cause, provoke lead to X origin; original source, origin dependent (on X) influence, effect; impression influence X, act upon X influential influence, act upon result; conclusion as a result of X have, yield a result as a result effective(ly), with results ineffective(ly), without results result, end effective, with results vain, without results produce, product, result output, production, yield, product result, assessment; total assess; totalize final, conclusion in accordance with X, in consequence of X therefore, consequently

UCHUN

TUFAYLI SABAB

sababli sababsiz CHUNKI MODOMIKI ZERO / ZEROKI keltirASL MANBA (manba+i) bog'liq TA'SIR ta'sirli ta'sirlaNATIJA

natijali natijasiz OQIBAT oqibatli oqibatsiz MAHSUL mahsulot YAKUN yakunlayakunlovchi BINOAN BINOBARIN

XULOSA

conclusion, summary, result

Relations
BILAN BIRGA birgalik HUZUR YOLG'IZ DOIR OID JIHAT QARAbog'liq bog'labog'lam bog'lanALOQA aloqasiz aloqador MUNOSABAT munosabatsiz munosabatdor o'zaro ARALASH ARALASHaralashtiraralashma QORISHqorishtirqorishma BIR post | NX ~ adv adv | NX bilan ~ n | NX bilan ~+da n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga ad post | NX+ga ~ post | NX+ga ~ n v.int | NX+ga ~ adj | NX+ga ~ v.t n v.int bog'lanish n | NX bilan ~ NX bilan ~ bog'laadj adj | NX+ga ~ n | NX bilan ~ adj | NX bilan ~ adj | NX bilan ~ ad ikki tomonga qarashli adj v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni (bir-biriga) ~ n v.int v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ NX+ni (bir-birlari bilan) ~ n NX (NY) ~ NX (NY) bir xil bir xillik BIRDAY YA'NI KABI SINGARI YANGLIG' ad conj post | NX ~ post | N(gani)X ~ post | NX ~ post | NX ~ with X, by means of X, and X together together with X in connection with X, together with X presence in presence of X alone, solitary, single concerning X, related to X, about X pertaining to X, relating to X aspect, side, field depend on X, relate to X, pertain to X dependent (on X) tie, bind; fasten bunch, bundle be tied, be bound together relation, link contact, communication with X link to X, connect with X unrelated related to X relations, connections with X unrelated to X related to X mutual(ly), reciprocal(ly) mutual, reciprocal mixed, composite get mixed up with X take part in X, interfere in X mix X with Y mix up X (together) mixture mix together, mingle mix X with Y, confuse X with Y mix up X (with each other), confuse X mixture X (and Y) are one, the same X (and Y) are the same identity identical(ly) that is to say, namely like X as if X similar to X like X

O'XSHAo'xshash o'xshashlik o'xshatko'rinAYNI AYNAN XUDDI

v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | N(gani)X+ga ~ adj | NX+ga ~ n | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ o'xshatish NX+dek bo'lib ko'rinadj adv adv NX ~ NY

be like X, resemble X it seems/looks as if X similar to X, alike similarity to X imitate X analogy, simulation look like X like, same, identical exactly, identically exactely, precisely as if (X) exactely like Y as if X example give an example give an example for example, for instance for example, for instance for example as well as other, another different from X apart from X different(ly) again exterior, outside other than X, in addition to X, besides X other, alien not X, out of X's scope other than X, more than X other, another different from X (in nature) change, alter change, alter change, alter replace, substitute opposing, against opposite against X, contrary to X contrast with X opposition opposite, opposing contrast contrary to X opposed to X, against X inside out, upside down contrary, opposite on the contrary contrary, adverse, reverse, counteron the contrary contrary, contradictory, conflicting opposed to X contradiction to the contrary

GO'YOKI / GO'YO MISOL

conj | ~ CX n misol ko'rsatmisol keltirmisol uchun adv adv conj adj adj | NX+dan ~ post | NX+dan ~ ad adv n, adv NX+dan ~ adj ~ AX post | NX+dan ~ adj adj | NX+dan ~ v.int v.t v.t adj post | NX+ga ~ NX+ga qarshi qo'yn qarama-qarshi qarama-qarshilik

MASALAN CHUNONCHI HAMDA BOSHQA boshqacha BOSHQATDAN TASHQARI G'AYRI ZIYODA O'ZGA O'ZGARo'zgarto'zgartirQARSHI

qarshilik

TESKARI

adj | NX+ga ~ ad n teskarisi(ga)

AKS aksincha ZID ZIDDIYAT QAYTAGA

adj conj adj | bir-biriga ~ adj | NX+ga ~ n adv

LEKIN AMMO BIROQ GARCHI HOLBUKI VAHOLANKI FARQ

conj conj conj conj | ~ CX+sa-da, CY conj | CX ~ CY conj | CX ~ CY n n | NX bilan NY orasida ~ NX+ni NY bilan farq qilNX+ni bir-biridan farq qiladj v.t v.int n post | NX+ga ~ post | N(ishi)X+ga ~

but but but although X, Y X although Y, X whereas Y X although Y, X whereas Y difference differences between X and Y distinguish X from Y distinguish Xs from each other different distinguish differ difference in comparison with X according to X considering X in comparison with X relative compared with X with regard to X compare X with Y comparative compare X with Y compare Xs with each other compare X with Y compare Xs with each other compare comparison compare X with Y comparative compare model, example sample model, exemplary example, model copy, sample, model original copy copy copy copy, imitation copy X, imitate X imitative imitator it is suitable to X; it is necessary to X (be) relevant to X, suitable for X, matching X suitable for X, reasonable in accordance with X suitability adapt adapt suitable for X, fit X; deserving X

farqli farqlafarqlanTAFOVUT qaraganda

KO'RA NISBIY NISBATAN SOLISHTIRsolishtirma CHOG'ISHTIRTAQQOSLA-

post | NX+dan ~ adj post | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ adj v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.t | NX+larni bir-biriga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ NX+larni bir-biriga ~ taqqoslab ko'rn NX+ni NY+ga qiyos et-/qiladj v.t n, adj adj n n, meas asl nusxa n kopiya oln NX+ga taqlid qiladj n N(ish)X+ga to'g'ri keladj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) adj | NX+ga ~ post | NX+ga ~ n v.int v.t adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-)

QIYOS qiyosiy qiyoslaNAMUNA namunali O'RNAK NUSXA KOPIYA TAQLID taqlidiy taqlidchi MUNOSIB MUVOFIQ muvofiqlik muvofiqlashmuvofiqlashtirLOYIQ

YARAyarashyaroqli yaroqsiz YOQtegishli kelish-

v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ adj | NX+ga ~ adj v.int | NX+ga ~ adj | NX+ga ~ v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ kelishgan adj adj n adj | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ kelv.int v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~

be fit for X, suit X, be appropriate for X be useful, helpful for X suit X, befit X well-suited, suitable; useful for X unsuitable; of no use, useless suit X, be satisfying to X appropriate to X, relevant to X belonging to X come together be suitable, appropriate to X shapely, well-proportioned suitable, appropriate unsuitable, inappropriate match, harmony matching X, harmonizing with X match X, suit X, fit X adapt adapt fit into X make X fit into Y, fill Y with X

BOP nobop MOS moslashmoslashtirishSIG'sig'dir-

Category and Order

TARTIB n NX tartibga keltirNX tartibga soltartibni buzadj adj n adj ag'dar-to'ntar TORTIB TUZtuzilish tuzum SISTEMA sistematik QURqurilqurilma TARKIB tarkibiy TASHKIL post | NX+dan ~ v.t n n n adj v.t v.int | NX+dan ~ n n NX ~+ida NY bor adj tashkil bo'ltashkil toptashkil qil-/etn v.t adj | NX+dan ~ NX+dan ~ bo'ladj adj | NX+dan ~ n v.int v.t adj v.int v.t adj n adv num n v.int v.t n v.int v.t n order put X into order put X into order disorganize in order disorderly disorderliness disorderly messy starting from X draw up, form, make composition, making up, structure system, structure system systematic build, construct (l/f) be constituted, composed, made up of X structure, composition structure, make-up, composition X is composed of Y structural, constituent, component be composed, be made up be composed, be made up organize, found, establish form, make up branch, network branch, domain branch out consisting of X, composed of X consist of X, be composed of X complex, complicated consisting of X, composed of X complexity get complicated complexify, complicate simple simple, plain, naive get simple simplify whole, entire, all entirety, integrity completely, wholly, absolutely one a unity unit unite unite, combine alliance, union unite unite combination, compound

tartibli tartibsiz tartibsizlik betartib

TARMOQ tarmoqlaIBORAT MURAKKAB murakkablik murakkablashmurakkablashtirSODDA soddalashsoddalashtirBUTUN butunlik butunlay BIR birlik birlashbirlashtirbirlashma BIRIKbiriktirbirikma

TO'P to'plato'plam to'planto'plashYIG'yig'indi yig'ishtiryig'im KOLLEKSIYA QO'SHqo'shilqo'shma JAM jamlaTO'DA to'dalashGRUPPA gruppalaQISM qisman BO'Lbo'linbo'lma bo'lak bo'lakcha AYIRayricha ayrim ayirma AJRAajralajrat-

n, meas v.t n v.int v.int v.t n v.t n n v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ NX+ni NY+ga ~+ib qo'yv.int | NX+ga ~ adj n jam qilv.t n | NX+lar ~+si v.int n, meas v.t n ad v.t v.t | NX+ni numY+ga ~ v.int n n ~ NX n | NX ~+i n butun va bo'laklar v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ adj adv adj n v.int v.int v.t v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~

group, flock, heap collect, gather, group collection, gathering, group be gathered, be groupped gather, group collect, gather collection, compilation, corpus gather up, tidy up, put in order, clean up collection, gathering collection add X to Y include X to Y be added to X, be included to X join X, participate to X agree to X, support X united, compound addition, plus, total add, collect, gather together gather, collect group of Xs, gang of Xs flock, swarm of Xs heap, pile of Xs group group group part (of a whole/ a group), portion partial(ly) separate divide X in Y be separated, be divided room section, part, partition part piece of X piece of X small part, small piece whole and parts remove, take away X from Y, separate X from Y special, separate separately, apart, specially special, particular certain, some particularity, difference break up divide, split, break up divide, split dispatch isolate, separate X from Y separate(ly), apart row, line, column set, group a (whole) series of X align X align line up, stand side by side

ALOHIDA QATOR

ad n bir qator NX NX+ni qator qo'yv.t v.int

qatorlaqatorlash-

10

SAF XONA UYuyum G'ARAM g'aramlaRO'YXAT

n n v.t n n g'aram qilv.t n v.b. (va boshqalar) v.h.q. (va hoqazo) v.sh.k. (va shu kabilar)

row, line rank, front place, column (in a table) pile up, put together pile, heap stack, pile, heap stack, pile up, heap up pile up, heap up list, register etc. (et cetera) and so on and so on nature, Nature nature, character natural artificial, man-made man-made, artificial, false character characteristic, typical characterize characteristic sense content, essence, point in essence, essentially substantial essence, gist understand X's meaning point, essence form, shape manner, way form, take shape form, shape in shape in content and form form appearance, exterior, looks scene, scenery, view appearance, face exterior, appearance, surface appearance, expression appearance, manner method (of Xing), manner (of X), way of (Xing), procedure form, style particular, unique specific to X character, quality, significance special, particular especially, particularly personal, private characteristics, peculiarities

TABIAT TABIIY SUN'IY yasama XARAKTER xarakterli xarakterlaxarakteristik MAZMUN mazmunan mazmundor MAG'IZ (mag'z+i) MOHIYAT SHAKL shakllanshakllantirshaklan FORMA ko'rinish QIYOFA SIRT TURUQ TUS USUL

n adj adj adj n adj v.t n n adv adj n NX+ning ~+ini chaqn n v.int v.t adv shaklan va mazmunan n n | (tashqi) ~ n n n n n | VX+ish ~+i

XOS xosiyat MAXSUS XUSUSAN XUSUSIY xususiyat

adj NX+(ning o'z+i)ga ~ n adj adv adj n

11

XISLAT SIFAT sifatli sifatsiz ALOHIDA AYNIQSA YAGONA DARAJA darajali SAVIYA BOSQICH YUQORI YUKSAK yuksaklik XIL

n n NX ~+ida bo'lib adj adj ad adv | ~ NX adj n adj | NX/AX ~ n n n adj adj n n num/pronY ~ NX har ~ NX+lar xilma-xil xilma-xillik n bir turli adj har ~ NX+lar turli-tuman turli-tumanlik v.t adj n num/pronY ~ NX NX navlarga ajratn v.t n

character, characteristics characteristic quality as X qualitative high grade, high quality low grade, poor quality separate(ly), apart special(ly), particular(ly) especially X, particularly X unique, the only one degree level up to X's standard level, standard level, degree stage, phase top, highest part high (fig.) high (l/f) height kind, sort, type Y kind of X, sort of X, type of X all kinds of X all kinds, various variety kind, sort same different, various, diverse all kinds of X diverse diversity sort uniform, similar sort, kind Y sort of X, kind of X sort X sort sort tribe, race class, category, set basis, foundation, ground reason for X, basis for X lay the foundations of X basic, fundamental; main, principal in principle, basically in accordance with X, according to X base, basis, foundation principle bottom, lowest part root, basis, substance, essence

TUR turli

turlaturdosh NAV

SORT sortlaTOIFA

ASOS asosiy asosan NEGIZ PRINSIP TAG

n n | NX+ga ~ NX+ga ~ soladj adv post | NX+ga ~ n n n

12

TAFSIL tafsilot tafsilli tafsiliy batafsil MUHIM muhimlik AHAMIYAT ahamiyatli ahamiyatsiz OLIY BOSH

n tafsil qiltafsil qilib n adj ad ad adj muhim bo'ln n N(ish)X+ga ~ berahamiyati yo'q adj adj adj n, adj ikkinchi orindagi

detail detail in detail detail detailed in detail, detailed in detail, detailed important import importance significance, importance attach importance to X it does not matter significant, important insignificant, unimportant high, highest, supreme head, chief, top, main secondary everybody, the public whole, all, public general, common, public, universal universality generalize, collectivize in general, basically in short habit custom, usage habitually, customarily, usually ordinary, common, normal as usual rare, uncommon get used to X, make a habit of X ordinary, usual, regular extraordinary ordinariness, simplicity rule, regulation law (regular pattern) regular, systematic regular, official regularity norm normal exception exclude without exception exception, exclusion exclude apart from this X excluded rare, outstanding rare, unique sparse(ly) rare(ly), seldom rarity rarefy

UMUM umumiy umumiylik umumlashtirumuman ODAT

n adj adj n v.t adv umuman aytganda n odatda odatdagi odatdagidek odatdan tashqari v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ adj g'ayri oddiy n n n adj n n adj n istisno qiladj n mustasno qilbundan mustasno NX+ga kirmaadj adj ad n v.int

odatlanODDIY oddiylik QOIDA qonuniyat MUNTAZAM muntazamlik NORMA NORMAL ISTISNO istisnosiz MUSTASNO

KIRNODIR NOYOB SIYRAK siyraklik siyraklash-

13

G'ALATI g'alatilik G'AROYIB FAVQULODDA HATTO

adj n adj ad adv | ~ NX

strange, peculiar strangeness, peculiarity extraordinary, strange, curious extraordinary(ly), unusual(ly) even X

14

Quantity and Numbers

MIQDOR KO'P n katta miqdorda adj adv n ko'p sonli ko'pdan-ko'p juda ko'p ko'p deganda n v.int ko'payish v.t n n adv adj (mostly with neg.) adv ancha-muncha (with neg.) AKSAR aksari aksariyat MO'L mo'llik / mo'lchilik SEROB serobgarchilik OZ ozlik ozayozayt/ ozaytirozchilik ozmuncha ozgina LOAQAL YANA ORTorttirortiq ortiqlik ortiqcha n adv n adj mo'l bo'ln adj serob bo'ln adj oz-moz oz deganda n v.int v.t n adv adv ozmi-ko'pmi adv | ~ numX ~ numX ham (with neg.) adv v.int v.t orttirib yuboradj numX+dan ~ adv n adj quantity, amount in large quantities many, plenty, a lot of very, very much a great deal numerous very many, very much plenty of at most abundance, large quantity increase, grow, multiply increase, growth increase, raise, multiply multiplication (arithm. operation) majority everybody, many people a fair amount / number many, quite a lot of (rather) much, greatly (not) very much most, majority mostly, usually main part, majority abundant, plentiful, rich be abundant abundance, profusion abundant, plentiful be abundant abundance, profusion few, small (quantity) a little, a bit, slightly at least small quantity decrease, grow less, diminish reduce, lessen, diminish minority a little, a while a little, a bit more or less, to a certain degree at least X not even X again more, another increase be left over, surplus increase exaggerate extra, in excess more than X more, too much superiority, advantage in excess

ko'plik ko'payko'paytirko'paytirish ko'pchilik ko'pgina ANCHA

15

OSHoshiq ko'tarilYUKSALyuksaltirTASHQARI UST ZIYOD ziyoda O'So'stirKAM

v.int adj adj | numX+dan ~ v.int v.int yuksalish v.t n, adv NX+dan ~ NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga adv post | NX+dan ~ v.int v.t adj adv kam bo'ljuda kam kamdan-kam kamdan-kam uchraydigan n kamlik qilv.int v.t n NX+dan ~ tortv.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | N(ish)X uchun ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ n adj yetarli bo'ladj | NX+ga ~ NX+ga kifoya qilv.int pro bir necha pro bir qancha pro bir muncha adv bir talay bir oz / biroz adj n jam qiladv v.t adj

rise, increase excessive, too much more than X rise, ascend (l/f) rise, ascend (l/f) elevation, development raise (l/f) exterior, outside other than X, in addition to X, besides X on (top of) X in addition to X more other than X, more than X grow rise, go up, ascend, increase increase few, small, little (quantity) short, lacking little, not enough seldom too few rare lack, be not enough lack, shortage lack decrease, get less decrease, reduce default, shortcoming lack X reach X, arrive to X(=location) be enough, be sufficient for X attain X, catch up with X be sufficient insufficiency sufficient, enough be sufficient enough, sufficient for X be enough, be sufficient for X be enough, be sufficient how much, how many several, some how much, how many several this much several, some somewhat, a little much, many a fair amount, a fair number a little, a bit a little, some addition, plus, total add, collect, gather together in total gather, collect every

kamlik kamaykamaytirkamchilik YETyetishyetishmaslik yetarli KIFOYA kifoyalanNECHA QANCHA MUNCHA

TALAY

QITTAK JAM jami jamlajamiki

16

QO'SHqo'shish qo'shilqo'shimcha qo'shuv qo'shma YAKUN yakunlaSIG'sig'dirsig'im kirgizTAQSIM taqsimlataqsimlanBO'Lbo'lish bo'linbo'lak bo'lakcha PARCHA parchalaBURDA burdalaCHAQMOQ HISSA DONA BIR

v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ NX+ni NY+ga ~+ib qo'yn v.int | NX+ga ~ adj n adj n v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ n v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ n NX+ni NY+ga taqsim qilv.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t v.t | NX+ni numY+ga ~ n v.int n ~ NX n | NX ~+i n n | ~ NX n | NX ~+si v.t n | ~ NX NX+ni burda-burda qilv.t n n meas num bitta-bitta bittalab birdan-bir birma-bir n adj adj birin-ketin

add X to Y include X to Y addition (arithm. operation) be added to X, be included to X additional, supplementary addition (operation) united, compound result, assessment; total assess; totalize fit into X make X fit into Y, fill Y with X capacity include Y into X distribution distribute X to Y, divide X by Y distribute X to Y, divide X by Y be distributed among X separate divide X in Y division (arithm. operation) be separated, be divided part piece of X piece of X small part, small piece piece of X, splinter of X, scrap piece of X, splinter of X, scrap split, break up, crumble piece of X, bit of X slice X break up, tear to pieces piece, lump share, portion piece, item one a one by one, separately one by one, separately only (adj) one by one, one after another unity unit some (unspecified), one (about one) some (unspecified), any one by one, one after another whole, entire, all entirety, integrity completely, wholly, absolutely full(y), complete(ly), total(ly) full(y), sufficient(ly), ample, complete(ly) supplement, complement absolute, complete absolutely, completely; quite absolutely, totally, completely, exactly completely, all around

birlik BIROR BIRON / BIRONTA BUTUN butunlik butunlay to'la to'liq to'liqlaMUTLAQ mutlaqo ROSA

adj n adv ad ad v.t adj adv adv gir-gir

17

TAMOM tamomiyla batamom tamoman YOPPASI HAMMA BARCHA BARI BA'ZI FALON

n adv adv adv n yoppasiga adj NX+ning ~+si adj n adj adj falon-pismadon falon-tugan adj ad adv | ~ NX+gina adv | ~ numX NY adv adv adv | ~ AX juda ham AX adv | ~ AX adv ad uchiga chiqqan adv adv n bir qadar shu / bu / u qadar adv

end, finish completely, utterly completely, totally completely, totally totality complete(ly), total(ly) all the totality of X, whole X all everything, everybody some, certain some, some ... or other this or that this or that no only, solely, merely only X only X Y only only, that's it very; too very much; too much extremely, to a high degree extremely extremely, terribly, severely extremely, utterly most (superlative) excessively, to excess, too much, very amount, quantity to a certain degree, relatively so, to such an extent relatively greatly, much

HECH YOLG'IZ FAQAT NUQUL XOLOS JUDA G'OYAT nihoyatda YOMON ENG O'TA QADAR

XIYLA / XILA NISBIY DARAJA darajali SAL

adj n adj | NX/AX ~ adv | ~ AX(+roq) adv | ~ VX VX+ishiga sal sal kam numX salgina sal-pal adv adv ad

relative degree level up to X's standard a little, somewhat, slightly X a little, somewhat, slightly X nearly X, almost X nearly X, almost X a little bit a little, slightly a little, a bit a little bit almost, nearly

PICHA JINDAK DEYARLI / DEYARLIK

18

TENG tenglik tenglatenglashBARAVAR BABBARAVAR ATROF atrofli YAQIN taxminiy taxminan QARIYB QATTIQ qattiqlaSHIDDAT shiddatli BALAND PAST o'rtacha BOSH SON sonli SANAsanatsanoq sanoqli NOMER nomerli nomerlaRAQAM NOL BIR IKKI UCH TO'RT BESH OLTI YETTI SAKKIZ TO'QQIZ

adj | NX+ga ~ adv n v.t v.int | NX bilan NY ~ adj adv ad n | NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga adj adj | NX+ga ~ adj | numX+ga ~ adj adv | ~ numX adv | ~ numX adj v.t n adj ad adj ad NX+ning boshiga numY NZ n adj v.t CX deb ~ v.t | NX+ni ~ n adj adj son-sanoqsiz n adj v.t n num num num num num num num num num num

equal to X equally equality equalize (X and Y) be equal equal, same together, at the same time equal, same at the same time around X around X, about X all-round near by X, close to X close to X, about X, approximately X rough, approximate, estimated about X, roughly X, approximately X nearly X, around X, approximately X strong, intense intensify intensity, fierceness intense, fierce high low (in) average, medium an average of Y Z per X number, numeral numeric count at last X, consider that X have X counted enumeration, counting cardinal countable countless, innumerable number numbered number numeral, digit, figure zero one two three four five six seven eight nine

19

O'N o'nli YIGIRMA O'TTIZ QIRQ ELLIK OLTMISH YETMISH SAKSON TO'QSON YUZ MING MILLION MILLIARD JUFT juftlaDYUJINA TOQ KASR kasrli YARIM (yarm+i) yarimta yarimla-

num adj num num num num num num num num num num num num n, meas adj v.t meas adj n adj num n | NX yarmi numX ~ n v.int yarimlab qolyarimlab ketn n n n | NX+ning numY ~+i n adj n n adj adj adj v.t v.t | CX deb ~ n n n n n v.int | NX+ga ~

ten decimal twenty thirty fourty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundred thousand million milliard, billion pair, couple even (number) merge dozen odd, uneven fraction fractional half half X X and a half half divide in half (whose) half remain take half quarter eighth per cent Y per cent of X per cent, percentage double, paired double, couple arithmetic, calculation, computation account, count, score can be counted on one's fingers countless countless calculate at last X, consider that X addition (arithm. operation) subtraction (arithm. operation) multiplication (arithm. operation) division (arithm. operation) minus reach X(=quantity)

CHORAK nimchorak FOIZ PROTSENT qo'sha qo'shaloq HISOB hisobli hisobsiz behisob hisoblaqo'shish ayirish ko'paytirish bo'lish OLUV YET-

20

CHEK chekli cheksiz cheklacheklanCHET chetlaHAD (had+di) behad NIHOYAT nihoyatda benihoyat / benihoya O'RTA o'rtacha MIYONA O'LCHAo'lchano'lcham o'lchov o'lchagich TORTTAROZI TERMOMETR GRADUSNIK BAROMETR MATEMATIKA GEOMETRIYA ALGEBRA

n adj adj v.t v.int n v.t n haddan oshib ketadj haddi-hisobsiz n adv ad n, adj ad adj v.t v.int n n n v.t | NX+ni (tarozida) ~ n n n n n n n

limit, boundary, limitation limited, finite unlimited, infinite restrict, limit, confine be limited side, limit, outskirts near the limits, boundaries of limit, bound overstep the limits unlimited, infinite countless limit, end extremely endless(ly), extremely centre, middle; central (in) average, medium middle, average measure be measured standard; measure unit measurement, measure gauge, measure instrument weigh X scales thermometer thermometer barometer mathematics geometry algebra

21

Space and Time

Size
KATTA kattalik kattalashkattalashtirkattakon ULKAN YIRIK yiriklashKICHIK kichiklik kichiklashkichiklashtirKICHKINA MAYDA BO'Y bo'yli UZUN uzunlik UZAYuzaytirQISQA qisqalik qisqarqisqartirKALTA KENG kenglik kengaykengaytirEN enli ensiz POYON bepoyon bepoyonlik TOR torlik toraytoraytiradj n v.int v.t adj adj adj v.int adj n v.int v.t adj adj n NX+ning ~+i uzun adj bo'yga yetkan adj n v.int v.t adj n v.int v.t qisqartirish adj kalta qiladj n v.int v.t n adj adj n ad n adj n v.int v.t big, large grand; eldest, elder grown up size, largeness get bigger make bigger, enlarge huge, immense elder huge, large large, big, bulky prominent get larger, get bigger small, little younger smallness grow shorter shorten very small, little, tiny small size, length, height tall tall, with a given size grown up long length lengthen, extend lengthen, extend short (space and time) brief, concise shortness get shorter, be reduced shorten, reduce reduction short shorten broad, wide, vast, spacious extensive, wide-spread breadth, width get broader, get wider broaden, widen width, breadth wide, broad narrow limit, boundary limitless, boundless, infinite(ly) immensity, infinity narrow, tight narrowness be reduced, become less reduce

22

QALIN qalinlik qalinlaqalinlatYO'G'ON yo'g'onlik yo'g'onlashYUPQA yupqalik yupqalanyupqalashtirINGICHKA BALAND balandlik balandlashbalandlatPAST pastlik PASAYpasaytirCHUQUR chuqurlik chuqurlashchuqurlashtirSAYOZ sayozlik sayozlashSAFH HAJM KVADRAT KUB kubik METR KILOMETR MILLIMETR SANTIMETR GEKTAR QARICH QULOCH LITR

adj n v.int v.t adj n v.int adj n v.int v.t adj ad n v.int v.t adj n n v.int v.t adj n v.int v.t adj n adj n dengiz safhi n n, adj n adj meas kub metr kvadrat metr meas kvadrat kilometr meas meas meas meas meas meas

thick dense (solid) thickness get thicker thicken thick, stout, fat, big thickness, stoutness, fatness get thicker, stouter thin thinness get thinner make thinner thin, slender fine high height get higher make higher low bottom lowness lower, decrease, come down lower, decrease deep depth deepen (l/f) deepen (l/f) shallow shallowness get more shallow surface, area sea-level volume, capacity, area square cube cubic metre cubic metre square metre kilometre square kilometre millimetre centimetre hectar (hand) span two outstretched arms litre

23

Shape
SHAKL shakllanshakllantirNO'QTA CHIZchiziq chiziqli QATOR qatorlaqatorlashSAF YUZ yuza yuzaki BET BURCHAK burchakli UCHBURCHAK TO'RTBURCHAK to'rtburchakli XOCH YOY yumaloq yumaloqladumaloq AYLANaylana aylanma qayrilqayrilma DOIRA doiraviy HALQA SHAR GRADUS n v.int v.t n v.t n adj n v.t v.int n n adj ad n n adj | numX ~ n n adj n n adj v.t adj dum-dumaloq v.int n adj v.int n n adj n n meas form, shape manner, way form, take shape form, shape point, dot (l/f) draw, sketch line ruled, lined row, line, column align line up, stand side by side row, line face surface, face open, surface superficial(ly) (l/f) surface, face corner, angle with X angles triangle square square cross arc, bow round, circular round round, circular completely round turn round; revolve, rotate circle circular turn turning, corner circle circle, sphere, limits circular ring globe, sphere degree (angles) degree (temperature) straight right, correct, true straight away, directly straight away perfectly straight fold layer layer

TO'G'RI

adj adv to'g'riga to'ppa-to'g'ri

burma QAT qatlam

n n n

24

QAVAT qavatli qavatlaTEKIS notekis tekislaSIMMETRIK SIMMETRIYA PARALLEL yotiq TIK TIKKA ko'tarma QIYA qiyalik EGegilEGRI QING'IR qing'irlik UCH uchli uchlaQIRRA OYOQ OG'IZ (og'z+i)

n qavatma-qavat adj v.t ad adj v.t adj n adj adj adj tik turadj adj n, adj n v.t v.int adj egri-bugri adj n n adj v.t n n n

layer, stratum, ply pile, stack layered, stratified pile up, stack up smooth(ly); level irregular, uneven level symmetric symmetry parallel horizontal; leaning to one side, fallen straight, steep stand up straight upright, straight rising, steep slope; sloping slope, incline bend, bow bend, bow bent, crooked crooked, twisted crooked crook point, end, extremity sharp, pointed sharpen edge, ridge, facet extremity, end, completion mouth, opening, aperture

25

Location
TURYER v.int n bu/shu/u yer+da/ga/dan qayer+da/ga/dan har yer+da/ga/dan hech yer+da/ga/dan allaqayer+da/ga/dan adj adj n boshqa joy+da/ga/dan joyida NX+ga ~ solNX+ga ~ qilv.t v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ n NX+ning o'rn+ini bosNX+ning o'rniga o'rin olo'rin tutadj adj | numX ~ adj v.t v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ n n n n n n v.t n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga adj n, adv adj n, adv NX+dan ~ ichki-tashqi stand stay, stop, be (swh), stay (at) land place (l/f) here, there where everywhere nowhere somewhere local local place (l/f), position elsewhere just right, smoothly make room for X make room for X lay up, lay aside find a place in X, settle down in X be located at X, be situated at X find a place for X in Y, put X in Y place to sit, seat, place to sleep place, room replace X, take the place of X instead of X take place, take a seat occupy a seat with room, with place appropriate, reasonable, justified with X seats with no room establish, found put up X at Y, set up X in Y, install X at Y settle down in X, establish oneself find a place for X in Y, put X in Y point, specific spot place, location, space place, area, field, site, territory zone emptiness, space space outer space occupy (place, location) interior, inside inside X, in X inner, internal inside outer, external exterior, outside other than X, in addition to X, besides X inside and outside

yerlik MAHALLIY JOY

joylajoylashjoylashtirO'RIN (o'rn+i)

o'rinli o'rinsiz O'RNATO'RNASHo'rnashtirPUNKT MAKON MAYDON ZONA bo'shliq FAZO TUTICH ichki ICHKARI TASHQI TASHQARI

26

SIRT sirtqi CHEK CHEGARA chegaralachegaralanchegaradosh TUTASHDOIRA SOHA JIHAT MARKAZ markaziy markazlashmarkazlashtirO'RTA o'rtalik o'rtacha ORA oralik oralaTOMON tomonli tomonlama

n adj n n v.t v.int | NX bilan ~ adj | NX bilan ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ n n n n adj v.int v.t n, adj NX+ning ~+sida/dan/ga n ad n NX+ning ~+sida/dan/ga NX bilan NY+ning ~+si n v.int n post | NX+ga ~ har tomondan adj | numX ~ adj o'sha yo'l qaysi yo'l shu yo'l

exterior, appearance, surface external, outward limit, boundary, limitation boundary, limit, frontier put limits border X, have frontiers with X have frontiers with X border on X, be connected to X circle circle, sphere, limits domain, field aspect, side, field centre (location and organization) central centralize, concentrate centralize, concentrate centre, middle; central among X, between X centre, middle (in) average, medium interspace, middle, midst among X interspace, distance between X and Y interval, interspace occupy, populate, frequent side; way (direction) towards from all directions, from all sides X sided sided, sidedly that way which way this way surroundings, vicinity around X around X, about X around here side (one of two opposite sides) side, party opposite, opposing surroundings, neighbourhood, outskirts in the environs of X surroundings, environment side, edge, surroundings surrounding wrap up, roll up surround, encircle surround, encircle be surrounded by X surround be surrounded surrounding, encircling

ATROF

n n | NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga yaqin atrofda n tarafma-taraf

TARAF

TEVARAK

n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga tevarak-atrof n adj v.t o'rab olo'rab turv.int | NX bilan ~ v.t v.int n

CHEKKA O'RAo'ralQURSHAqurshalqurshov

27

YON

n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga yonma-yon adv | NX+ni ~ adj | NX+ga ~ n v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ n bu/u yoq+da/dan/qa u yoq bu yoqqa n v.t adv NX+dan ~+da/dan/ga adv NX+dan ~+da/dan/ga n adj | NX+ga ~ adj | numX+ga ~ NX+ning yaqin+ida/dan/ga bir-biriga ~ keltiryaqindagi yaqindan n v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ n n ad n ad v.int adj ad adj | NX+dan ~ n v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ adj | NX+dan ~ uzoqda uzoqdagi uzoqdan n v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ adj olisda v.int | NX+dan ~ n | NX bilan NY orasidagi ~

yonlab yondosh YONBOSH yonboshlaYONDOSHYOQ

side (immediate vicinity) near X, beside X on X, with X side by side along the edge of X, by the side of X adjacent to X, next to X parallel side lie on one's side reach X, approach X, come near X side here, there here and there edge, bank walk along, go along near, close this side of X over there beyond X, over X bank, ridge, edge near by X, close to X close to X, about X, approximately X near X bring closer the one nearby directly, intimately closeness, proximity come near X, get nearer, approach X put X near to Y, move X near to Y neighbour neighbourhood dense(ly), thick(ly), compact(ly) close(ly), tight(ly) density closeness close(ly), tight(ly) squeeze up, merge clustered, piled up sparse(ly) rare(ly), seldom far from X, distant, remote remoteness, distance move away from X, go far away from X move away X from Y, take away X from Y far from X, distant long (time) in the distance, far away, far off far, distant from a distance remoteness, distance move away from X, go far away from X move away from X, go far away from X move away X from Y far, distant (very) far away, far off go far away from X distance between X and Y

YOQA yoqalaBERI NARI LAB YAQIN

yaqinlik yaqinlashyaqinlashtirQO'SHNI qo'shnichilik ZICH zichlik JIPS jipslashG'UJ SIYRAK YIROQ yiroqlik yiroqlashyiroqlashtirUZOQ

uzoqlik uzoqlauzoqlashuzoqlashtirOLIS olislaMASOFA

28

OLD

oldingi OLG'A QOSH HUZUR ORQA

n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga oldinda oldinga adj adv n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga n NX+ning ~+sida/dan/ga ~+da/dan/ga orqadagi n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga adj adj qarshima-qarshi ad teskarisi(ga) adj, n chap tomon+da/dan/ga chap qo'l adj adj, n o'ng tomon+da/dan/ga o'ng qo'l adv post | NX+ga ~ n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga adj n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga adj ostin-ustin qil-

front, front part in front of X, before X, in presence of X in front ahead, forwards front forward(s) eyebrows in presence of X, in front of X presence in presence of X back, back part behind X behind / from behind / backward(s) behind back, back part behind X back behind X back opposite opposite each other inside out, upside down inside out left on the left left hand (side) left right on the right right hand (side) across, crosswise across X top, surface on (top of) X in addition to X about X upper, on the top lower part, bottom under X lower pile one on top of another turn upside down at X, on X, above X peak, top on the top of X, above X upstairs uphill bottom, lowest part root, basis, substance, essence under X, beneath X high

KET ORT ortqi QARSHI TESKARI CHAP

SO'L O'NG

KO'NDALANG

UST

ustki OST ostki

UZRA TEPA tepalik TAG

post | NX ~ n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga tepada n n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga

BALAND

ad

29

PAST

pastlik pastki YUQORI

adj n pastda pastdagi n adj n adj yuqorida yuqoridagi adj n n, adj adj n n n post | NX ~ post | NX+ga ~ post | NX ~ post | NX ~ adv post | NX+ga ~

low bottom below; downstairs bottom, lower, below downhill bottom, lower, below top, highest part high (fig.) above above high (l/f) height lower; bottom, lowest part low (l/f) edge, ridge, facet top, peak point, end, extremity head beginning, source through X, getting through X in accordance with X towards X, in direction of X towards X X after X(=time unit) throughout X, all over X, all along X in accordance with X, in connection with X throughout, all over, all along up to X, to X, as far as X until X, till X, up to X east eastern, oriental west western, occidental north northern south southern south-west south-east north-west north-east

YUKSAK yuksaklik QUYI TUBAN QIRRA UCH BOSH OSHA qarab SARI bo'yicha oralab QADAR

SHARQ sharqiy G'ARB g'arbiy SHIMOL shimoliy JANUB janubiy

n adj n adj n adj n adj janubi-g'arb janubi-sharq shimoli-g'arb shimoli-sharq

30

Time and Duration

VAQT n o'z vaqtida vaqt+i bor vaqt+i yo'q har vaqt bu/shu/u vaqtda bir vaqtda bo'ladigan NX+ga vaqt ketadj adj adv adj n bu/shu/u chog'da N(gan)X chog'+ida n ne zamon bir zamonlar adj n v.t n n adj n n kezi kelganda n bu/shu/u paytda n n bir dam dam-badam n bir pas bir pasdan keyin bir lahza bir lahzada bo'ladigan n muddatda muddat+idan oldin adj qisqa muddatli uzoq muddatli adj n shu orada ICH MOBAYNIDA n numX Y ichida post | numX Y ~ time on time, in time have time have no time everytime at this/that time simultaneous X take time early temporary not at the right time, premature temporarily early in advance time at this/that time when X time, moment when formerly, at some time contemporary, modern modernity modernize contemporay time, epoch, era periodic era time, moment some time moment, time (quite short) at this/that moment minute, (short) moment moment, minute a moment, a minute continually, incessantly moment, instant a moment, a minute in a moment, in a short time, shortly a moment, a minute instantaneous time, period of time, date, time limit on time before the set time with a period of short term long term unlimited interspace, middle, midst interval of time, period of time at that time interior, inside for X Y(=time unit), in X Y within (the space of) X Y(=time unit)

vaqtli bevaqt vaqtincha BARVAQT CHOG'

ZAMON zamonaviy zamonaviylik zamonaviylashtirzamondosh DAVR davriy ERA KEZ PAYT DAQIQA DAM

BIRPAS

LAHZA MUDDAT muddatli muddatsiz ORA

31

SIKL O'To'tgan o'tkazo'tkizO'TMISH MUHLAT muhlatli muhlatsiz HOZIR

n v.int adj v.t v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ v.t adj, n o'tmishda n adj adj adj | ~ (bo'l-) adv hozirgina adv adj hozirgi davr hozirgi vaqt hozirgi zamon adv endigina endilikda adv adv o'shanda o'shandan beri

cycle pass pass (time) past, last (unit of time) spend (time, holiday) make X pass through Y lead past past (from the past) in the past time limit, term with a time limit, determined unlimited be present, be ready now, at present, currently just now (in the past) just now (in the past) temporarily, for the moment present, current, contemporary, modern present time, modern time present time, modern time present time, modern time now, just now just now, only now at present, currently still; not yet (with neg.) just now (in the past) recently, just now (in the past) then since then come, approach, arrive (here) next (unit of time) future in future next (unit of time), future future prospect, future at once, immediately immediately, at once soon soon near by X, close to X the one nearby the next one soon, shortly (in the future) recently (in the past) for a short time (in the past) shortly, before long (in the future) shortly, before long (in the future) a long time for a long time (in the past) long (time) once upon a time, a long time ago for a long time lengthen, extend lengthen, extend

hozircha hozirgi

ENDI

HALI BOYA

KELKELASI KELAJAK KELGUSI BO'LAJAK ISTIQBOL DARROV DARHOL

v.int adj n, adj kelajakda adj adj n adv adv tez orada tez kunda

YAQIN

adj | NX+ga ~ yaqindagi yaqinda yaqindan beri yaqin orada yaqin vaqt ichida

ANCHA UZOQ

n anchadan beri adj | NX+dan ~ uzoq o'tgan zamonda uzoq vaqtdan beri v.int v.t

UZAYuzaytir-

32

QISQA OZ ozmuncha KALENDAR MILOD

adj adj adv n n miloddan burun miloddan keyin n o'rta asrlar adj n n n yil bo'yi yildan yilga har yilgi bu yil(+i) kelasi yil(+i) o'n yil o'tgan yil(+i) yangi yil n adj | numX ~ n n adj n adj adj n n adj adj n adj adj n adj adj qishin-yozin n n bu oy kelasi oy o'tgan oy oyma-oy adj n n n n n

short (space and time) few, small (quantity) a little, a while calendar beginning of Christian era B.C. A.D. century, age middle ages age-old contemporary cycle of 12 years, used to calculate age year all year long from year to year annual, yearly this year next year decade last year new year anniversary X years' long season season, time seasonal spring for spring spring early spring summer for summer summer autumn for autumn autumnal winter for winter winter all the year round quarter moon month this month next month last month monthly monthly monthly salary January February March April

ASR asriy asrdosh MUCHAL YIL

yillik FASL MAVSUM mavsumiy BAHOR bahori bahorgi KO'KLAM YOZ yozlik yozgi KUZ kuzlik kuzgi QISH qishlik qishki KVARTAL OY

oylik YANVAR FEVRAL MART APREL

33

MAY IYUN IYUL AVGUST SENTABR OKTABR NOYABR DEKABR CHILLA

n n n n n n n n n yoz chillasi qish chillasi n n | numX+inchi chislo (NY) n n adj | numX+inchi NY ~ n bu hafta hafta oxiri kelasi hafta o'tgan hafta adj n n otdix kuni n n n n n n kun bo'yi kuni bilan NX kuni avvalgi kun birisi kuni ilgarigi kun bir kuni har kuni adv adj adj n kunduzi adj n yarim tun v.int adj o'tgan tun

May June July August September October November December a period of 40 days (esp. after birth, wedding) the 40 warmest days in summer the 40 coldest days in winter day of the month, date (Y(=month)) the Xth date, year history date (dated) Y(=month) the Xth week this week week-end next week last week weekly Saturday Sunday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday day time, days, life sun all day all day on X(=day of the week) the day before yesterday the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday one day everyday in the day, daily, per day daily daily day, daytime during the day daytime night midnight pass the night night last night

CHISLO SANA TARIX tarixli HAFTA

haftalik SHANBA YAKSHANBA DUSHANBA SESHANBA CHORSHANBA PAYSHANBA JUMA KUN

kunda kundalik kunli KUNDUZ kunduzgi TUN tunatungi

34

TONG

n tong payti tong ottong otishi ad n erta bilan n, adv adj n n saharda saharlab erta-kech ertadan kechgacha

dawn, daybreak at dawn day break at dawn early morning in the morning (in the) morning morning, early dawn, early morning early morning (before dawn) before dawn before dawn day and night from early morning till late at night midday, noon (at) forenoon, (in the) morning (in the) afternoon midday, noon at noon noon (in the) afternoon noon afternoon late (in the) evening evening, late (in the) evening (in the) evening evening (in the) evening, sunset night midnight at night night night and day the day before yesterday night yesterday yesterday morning last night eve (of the end of Ramadan or other day) today this morning this evening today's tonight morning tomorrow tomorrow tomorrow morning tomorrow night the day after tomorrow, the next day

ERTA ERTALAB ertalabki AZON SAHAR

PESHIN

n peshindan ilgari peshindan keyin n tushda tush vaqti tushdan keyin adj tushki payt ad n, adv adj kechki payt n, adv adj n, adv n yarim kecha adv adj kecha-kunduz o'tgan kuni

TUSH

tushki KECH kechki KECHQURUN kechqurungi OQSHOM KECHA kechasi kechalik

KECHA kechasi ARAFA BUGUN bugungi ERTA ertaga ERTASIGA / ERTASI

n n, adv kecha ertalab n, adj n n, adv bugun ertalab bugun kechqurun adj bu kechasi n n, adv ertaga ertalab ertaga kechasi adv

35

bugun-erta INDIN indinga n adv erta-indin SOAT n ~ numX ~ numX+da ~ numX+dan numYta o'tdi ~ numX+dan numY minut o'tdi ~ numX+dan numYta o'tganda ~ numX+dan numY minut o'tganda ~ numYta kam numX ~ numY minuti kam numX ~ numYta kam numX+da ~ numY minuti kam numX+da ~ numX yarim ~ numX yarimda adj soatli MINUT minutli DAQIQA SEKUND sekundli SONIYA n adj n n adj n

today or tomorrow the day after tomorrow the day after tomorrow in a day or two hour clock, watch it is X o'clock at X o'clock it is Y past X it is Y past X at Y past X at Y past X it is Y to X it is Y to X at Y to X at Y to X it is half past X at half past X hourly minute (in minutes) minute minute, (short) moment second in seconds second

36

Events and Evolution

BO'Lv.int v.int | NX/AX ~ NX/AX ~+ib qolv.int v.int | VX+ib ~ adj v.int v.int | VX+ib ~ v.int | VX+a ~ v.int o'zgarish o'zgarmas v.t v.t o'zgartirish AYLANaylantirO'RIN (o'rn+i) ALMASHalmashtirAYIRBOSH v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ NX+ning o'rn+ini bosv.int v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ n NX+ni ayirbosh qilNX+ni NY+ga ayirbosh qiladj v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ n NX+ning orqa+sidan born NX+ning ~+idan borizma-iz ketma-ket OLDIN adv N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ bundan NX ~ oldinda oldindan adj oldingi davrda oldingi vaqtda oldingi zamonda adv N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ adv | bundan NX ~ ilgari bolv.int adj be, come into being, happen become X, get X become X, get X remain, stay get X (with changed state, suddenly) backward go, leave get X, start to X (intensive, unforseen) start to X (intensive) change, alter change, transformation constant, invariable change, alter change, alter replace, substitute change, transformation turn into X, change into X turn X into Y, transform X into Y replace X, take the place of X alternate, follow one another change X for Y, exchange X(= money, etc.) for Y exchange change X, replace X exchange X for Y stable, constant established, fixed stabilize follow X back, back part follow X track, trace, footprint, spoor follow X one after the other one after another first, first of all (Y(=time duration)) before X X(=time duration) ago previously, earlier in advance, earlier previous, earlier a long time ago a long time ago a long time ago formerly forward (Y(=time duration)) before X X(=time duration) ago come before, be in front progress, go ahead previous, earlier

QOLqoloq KET-

O'ZGARo'zgarto'zgartir-

BARQAROR barqarorlashtirERGASHORQA IZ

oldingi

ILGARI

ilgarilailgarigi

37

BURUN

burundan burungi AVVAL avvalo avvalgi ILK DASTLAB dastlabki KEYIN

adv adv | N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ adv | bundan NX ~ adv adj adv N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ bundan NX ~ adv adj adj adv adj bir yo'la adv post | N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ keyinda keyindan adv adj n post | N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~ adj adj post | N(gani/ish)X+dan (NY) ~

formerly (Y(=time duration)) before X X(=time duration) ago first, firstly previous, former, prior first, firstly (Y(=time duration)) before X X(=time duration) ago first, firstly previous, earlier first, initial first initial, primary simultaneously after, afterwards, later on (Y(=time duration)) after X X(=time duration) after following, next, later (somewhat) later on subsequently, afterwards following, next, later end, finish X(=time duration) after (Y(=time duration)) before X endless last, ultimate X(=time duration) after (Y(=time duration)) after X

keyinchalik keyingi SO'NG so'ngsiz so'nggi SO'NGRA

NAVBAT

n navbatdagi

turn queue, line following, next head beginning, source at first, at the beginning from the start begin, start X with Y start to X since X, from X beginning, starting beginner (TV, radio) host guide begin, start initial, primary originally, at first all through the ages, always set about X, start Xing go down, descend fall to X, start X since X, from X for the last X(=time duration) ever since X for the last X(=time duration)

BOSH

n boshida boshidan v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ v.int | VX+a ~ N(gani)X+dan boshlab n n v.int adj adv adv v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ post | N(gani)X+dan ~ post | NX+dan ~

boshlaboshlov boshlovchi boshlanboshlang'ich aslan AZALDAN kirishTUSHBERI BUYON

38

bo'yicha

post | NX ~ post | N(gani)X ~

throughout X, all over X, all along X in accordance with X, in connection with X ever since X over the whole length/period continuation for X(=time duration), in X's time continue last for X(=time duration) continue X prolonged, lengthy continuous(ly), uninterrupted(ly) continuous, uninterrupted without respite, continuously, incessantly from beginning to end, altogether lie, lie down be Xing (progressive) stand keep Xing (habitual, repetitive) keep Xing (progressive, momentarily) move (forward), go (forward) keep Xing, continue to X usually do X, regularly come, approach, arrive (here) persisting to X, continuing to X give X to Y, grant X to Y persisting to X, continuing to X still; not yet (with neg.) just now (in the past) still still, not yet (with neg.) as soon as X still, not yet (with neg.) until now, so far X after X(=time unit) the more X the more Y more and more X developing, progressing develop, progress, advance (cause to) develop development, progress, advancement develop progress level, degree stage, phase climax, high point reach its climax maturity, perfection development, evolution

bo'ylab DAVOM

post | NX ~ n n | NX ~+ida davom et-/qilNX davom etNX+ni davom ettiradj ad adj adv oldi-keti v.int VX+ib ~+ib v.int VX+ib ~+a VX+ib ~+ib v.int VX+ib ~+ib VX+ib ~+a v.int v.int | VX+ib ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.int | VX+a ~ / VX+averadv hali ham

davomli UZLUKSIZ MUTTASIL tinimsiz YOTTUR-

YUR-

KELBERHALI

HAMON HANUZ SARI

adv adv | VX+gan ~ adv hanuzgacha post | NX ~ VX+gan+i ~ VY borgan sari VX adj taraqqiy qil-/ettaraqqiy qildir-/ettirn v.int n n n avj oln

TARAQQIY taraqqiyot taraqqiylashPROGRESS BOSQICH AVJ KAMOLOT / KAMOL EVOLYUTSIYA RIVOJ rivojlanrivojlantir-

n n v.int rivojlanish v.t

evolution development develop development develop

39

ilgarilaILG'OR TANAZZUL INQIROZ SUSAYsusaytirQAYTBORBIRDAN BEXOS TO'SATDAN DAF'ATAN KO'CHTO'XTA-

v.int adj n n inqirozga uchrav.int susayish v.t v.int VX+ib ~ bora-bora adv birdaniga adj bexosdan adv adv hash-pash deguncha v.int (boshqa) NX+ga ~ v.int to'xtab qolv.int | VX+ishdan ~ n v.t NX+ni to'xtatib qo'yad v.int tinmay n post | NX+ga ~ n, adj NX+ning ~+ida oxiri adj adv ~, CX! v.int v.t adj v.t v.int v.int v.t VX+ib ~ v.t

progress, go ahead advanced, leading; outstanding regression, decline decline, decay decline, decay lag behind, decline, diminish, slow down decline, depression, decay weaken decline, fade Xing, progressing uninterruptedly gradually suddenly suddenly sudden suddenly, unexpectedly suddenly, unexpectedly, abruptly suddenly in a flash, suddenly move, migrate shift to (another) X, switch to X stop wait, stay, stop a while stop, crash stop Xing stop (cause to) stop, halt, interrupt (cause to) stop X, interrupt X constantly, incessantly; perpetual, non-ending stop uninterruptedly stopping place, pause up to X, to X, as far as X until X, till X, up to X end, finish, conclusion; last, final at the end of X at last last at last, finally at last, X!, well then, X!, so, X! be finished, be completed finish, complete liquidate, wipe out graduate from, finish (school) complete eliminate, eradicate, finish off get finished be finished, be completed finish, complete finish X finish, complete

to'xtash to'xtatto'xtovsiz TINtinish QADAR OXIR oxirgi AXIR TUGAtugatTUGAL tugallatugallanBITbitirbitkaz-

40

TAMOM

n tamom bo'ltamom qiladv adv v.t adv n NX+ga ~ bern n n n bu gal n bu daf'a n bu safar adv v.t adv qaytadan qayta-qayta v.t v.int adv adv adv takror-takror adj v.t v.int adv adv adv adv post | NX ~ adv har doim har doimgidek adv adj adv hamma vaqt har vaqt tez-tez tez-tez VX+ib tur-

tamomiyla batamom tamomlatamoman XOTIMA OYOQ MARTA MAHAL GAL DAF'A SAFAR BIR qaytarQAYTA qaytalaqaytalanyangidan yangicha / yangichasida TAKROR takroriy takrorlatakrorlanYANA yanada BOSHQATDAN TAG'IN SAYIN DOIM doimo doimiy HAMISHA

end, finish total, whole be finished, be completed finish, complete completely, utterly completely, totally finish, complete completely, totally end, conclusion end, finish, complete extremity, end, completion time (occurence of an event/action) time (occurence in time) time (occurence in time) this time time (occurence in time) this time time (occurence in time) this time once, just cause to go back, turn back repeat again, anew, afresh again over and over again, repeatedly repeat be repeated, happen again again, anew, afresh anew, in a new way again (and again), repeatedly repeatedly, over and over repetitive repeat repeat again more, another again and again again again every X(=time unit) always, continually; constantly, very often all the time, always as always, as usual always permanent all the time, always always everytime frequently, often frequently, often

41

KO'P ko'pincha ABAD abadiy abadiylashtirabadiyat MANGU mangulik UMRBOD TUR-

adj adv adv n to abad ad v.t n ad n adv v.int VX+ib ~+a VX+ib ~+ib v.int VX+ib ~+ib VX+ib ~+a v.int v.int | VX+ib ~ adv ba'zi vaqtda adv ~ CX, ~ CY goh-goh ora-sira ahyon-ahyonda o'qtin-o'qtin

many, plenty, a lot of very, very much often mostly, most often often eternity for all eternity eternal(ly), permanent(ly) forever perpetuate, immortalize immortality, eternity eternal(ly), everlasting forever eternity lifelong, for life, forever stand keep Xing (habitual, repetitive) keep Xing (progressive, momentarily) move (forward), go (forward) keep Xing, continue to X usually do X, regularly sit, sit down continue to X (for some time) sometimes, occasionally sometimes, occasionally sometimes sometimes X, sometimes Y sometimes, occasionally, from time to time occasionally, from time to time occasionally, from time to time from time to time already, long ago never (with neg.) never speed, tempo quick(ly), fast, speedy quickly in immediate future, urgently hurry up quickly, fast frequently, often speed immediately quicken, speed up, accelerate quicken, speed up, accelerate quicken, speed up, accelerate quick, deft, efficient, effective quickly, rapidly, fast slowly, quietly, gradually very slowly slowness

YUR-

O'TIRBA'ZAN GOH / GOHO

ALLAQACHON SIRA SUR'AT TEZ

adv hech qachon adv (with neg.) n ad tezda tezdan tez bo'ltez-tez n tezlik bilan v.int v.t v.t adj adv adv asta-asta n

tezlik tezlatezlashtirtezlattezkor ILDAM ASTA astalik

42

SEKIN sekinlik sekinlasekinlashtirsekinlatOHISTA tinch tinchlik tinchsiz notinch JIM JIMJIT / JIM-JIT jimjitlik SOKIN sokinlik SUKUNAT sukunatli JADAL jadallik jadallaSHOSHshoshilshoshilinch shoshiltirshoshirshoshtirOSHIQ-

ad sekin-sekin n v.int v.t v.t asta-sekin adv ad n adj adj ad adj n adj n n adj n adj n v.int v.int shoshish shoshib qolv.int shoshilish shoshilishda n, ad shoshilinchda v.t v.t v.t shoshib-pishib v.int pik vaqti

slow(ly), quiet(ly) very slowly, quietly slowness slow down slow down slow down very quietly, gradually slowly, gradually quiet(ly), peaceful(ly), calm(ly) quietness, calmness restless, not quiet restless, not quiet quiet(ly), still, silent very quiet, still, silent quietness, stillness, silence still, silent stillness, silence silence, stillness silent, still speed, quickness quick, fast, speeded-up speed, quickness speed up, accelerate hurry, hasten, rush haste get hurried hurry, hasten urgency, emergency hurriedly, hastily urgent(ly) hurried(ly); hurry in haste hasten, speed up hasten, speed up press in a hurry hurry rush hour early morning early, precocious early early first, initial early late be late be late be late for X(=action) be delayed X(=duration) be late Xing delay delay, postpone X until Y on time, in time

ERTA ertagi vaqtli BARVAQT ILK KECH KECHIK-

ad n adj adj adj adj ad kech bo'lkech qolv.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX ~ kechikib VX kechikish v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ o'z vaqtida

kechiktir-

43

orqada qololdinga yurYANGI yangilik yangilayangilanESKI eskilik eskireskirteskicha QADIM qadimgi asriy tengdosh MODA adj yap-yangi n v.t v.int adj n v.int eskirib qolv.t adj eski-tuski n qadimdan qadim(gi) zamon adj adj adj | NX bilan ~ n modadagi modadan chiqqan n adj n

be slow be fast new, fresh very new, very fresh new thing, novelty renew, replace be renewed, be replaced old, ancient oldness, ancientness get old, worn-out, out-of-date have become worn, outdated wear out (clothes) old-fashioned, out-of-date old and shabby, worn-out antiquity from ancient times ancient times ancient age-old the same age as X fashion fashionable, in fashion out-of-date, old-fashioned history date historic, historical annals, chronicles

TARIX tarixiy yilnoma

44

Forces and Motion

Motion
HARAKAT n harakatga kelharakatga keltiradj n v.int v.t adj n v.int v.t v.t v.int v.int v.t v.t v.int g'ir-g'ir SILKIT/ SILKIsilkinTITRAtitratDIRILLALARZA larzanglaQALTIRAKO'CHko'chirko'chma YURyurgizyurgizuvchi KEZKETketkazCHIQv.t v.int v.int v.t v.int n NX+ni ~+ga kelv.int v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int (boshqa) NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ adj v.int yurish v.t n v.int v.int yo'q bo'lib ketv.int | NY uchun NX ~ v.t v.int chiqib ketmovement, move action move, set off move, set in motion motionless, immobile immobility move, be in motion move, set in motion moving, mobile mobility move, change place move arouse, stir up, give rise to, cause move, shift move, surge, set off move, sway move, sway move, change place; drive be moved, move twirling around, all over the place shake quake, vibrate shake, shiver shake, cause to shiver shake, tremble, flutter shaking, trembling shake, tremble shake, tremble shiver with X, tremble from X move, migrate shift to (another) X, switch to X transfer, move, shift X to Y mobile, on the move walk, stroll move (forward), go (forward) walk, ride, drive set in motion, drive driver, operator wander, roam, stroll go, leave disappear, vanish need to take/spend X for Y drive out, chase away go out, exit leave, set out, depart go out, leave

harakatsiz harakatsizlik harakatlanharakatlantirharakatchan harakatchanlik SILJIsiljitQO'ZG'Aqo'zg'alQIMIRLAqimirlatSURsuril-

45

JO'NAjo'natRAVONA ULOQayril-

v.int jo'nab ketjo'nab ketish v.t ravona bo'lyo'lga tushv.int v.int | NX+dan ~ NX+dan ayrilib ket-

leave, set off depart, set out departure send set off, start out set off move away, go away leave X get separated from X, lose X leave X break up leave X, separate from X remain, stay lose X(=opportunity, ability) leave, put aside leave X, put aside X backward rest, what is left stop wait, stay, stop a while (cause to) stop, halt, interrupt advance towards X direction, trend guide, steer walk along, go along straight straight away, directly straight away, directly flow get spilled cause to flow, run; spill, upset stream, flow, course current, trend (l/f) overflow, spill out overflow, spill out flood, flooding, swamping seethe, froth, foam (l/f) whirlpool (l/f) blow (wind) blow (wind), twirl around flap, blow (in the wind) throw o.s. at/into X lean over X, incline to X deviation deviate from X, diverge from X deviate X from Y turn one's face to X, face X turn round; revolve, rotate turn into X, change into X go for a walk, for a stroll go for a walk, for a stroll circle turn circular

AJRAQOLqoldirqoloq qoldiq TO'XTAto'xtatYO'NALyo'nalish yo'naltiryoqalaTO'G'RI

v.int v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t NX tushirib ~ adj n v.int v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ n v.t v.t adj adv to'g'ridan-to'g'ri v.int oqib tushv.t n v.int toshib ketn n | jo'sh urn v.int v.int v.int v.t | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ og'ish v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ aylanib yuraylanib keln v.t adj

OQoqizoqim TOSHtoshqin GIRDOB ESYELHILPIRAtashlanOG'og'ishog'ishtiryuzlanAYLAN-

aylana aylantiraylanma

46

BURburilburaburama QAYIRqayrilqayrilma O'GIRYUMALAyumalatyumaloq DUMALAdumalatdumaloq TO'NTARBORborilKELkelishkeltir-

v.t v.int v.t adj v.t v.int n v.t v.int v.t adj v.int v.t adj v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int VX+ib ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int kelish v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t

turn turn, be turned, take a turn twist, screw spiral, twist twist, wring turn away turn turning, corner turn roll roll round, circular roll (head over heels), somersault roll round, circular turn over reach X go (and arrive) Xing, progressing uninterruptedly go to X (impersonal) come, approach, arrive (here) arrival, coming come together agree, reach an agreement on X be suitable, appropriate to X let come bring, fetch bring about, cause, provoke come and go, round trip reach X, arrive to X(=location) arrive to X (here) arrive to X (here) get to X, reach X catch X up, overtake X be enough, be sufficient for X attain X, catch up with X transmit, pass on, convey, deliver pass on, deliver get to X, reach X in time run into X, collide with X (l/f) near the limits, boundaries of flee; evade, elude return, turn back come back go back return refrain from X decline, fade cause to go back, turn back send back, return repeat

borish-kelish YETv.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga kelib ~ NX+ga ~+ib kelNX+ga ~+ib borNX+ning orqa+sidan yetib borv.int | N(ish)X uchun ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t yetkazib berv.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t chetlab o'tv.int | NX+ga ~ qaytib kelqaytib ketqaytish v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int v.t

yetishyetkazULGURTO'QNASHchetlaQAYT-

qaytar-

47

O'T-

o'tkaz-

v.int v.int | NX+dan ~ o'tib keto'tib kelkesib o'to'tish joyi v.t v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ o'tkazib qo'yo'tkazib yuborv.int | NX+dan ~ NX+dan kechib o'tv.t n v.int v.int | NX+ga ~

pass pass through X, cross X pass, cross pass, cross cross passage pass, transmit make X pass through Y make / let pass make / let pass cross X, step on X, tread on X forgive X give up X, abandon X cross X, pass through X go through, experience passage enter come, begin reach X, enter in X(=age) enter X(=organization) entrance, entry enter together bring in, lead into, draw into, introduce let enter, bring in go out, exit leave, set out, depart come out, appear, emerge go up, rise, climb up, ascend X go out, leave go out, leave exit, way out take out, pull out, put out take out, get out, emit, exhale take out, extract go out, exit go up, rise, climb up, ascend X get into X, get on X(=vehicle) climb up climb up go over X, climb over X rise, ascend (l/f) rise, ascend (l/f) elevation, development raise (l/f) go down, descend fall, drop go down come down get off X(=vehicle) get in X, board X(=vehicle) fall in/on X(=bad situation) cause to descend, (cause to) drop let down, put down, lay down let fall down let fall down alight (birds), land (planes)

KECH-

kechirkechik KIR-

kirish kirishkirgizkiritCHIQ-

n v.int v.t v.t v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ chiqib ketchiqib keln v.t chiqarib ol-

chiqish chiqar-

CHIQ-

v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ balandga chiqyuqoriga chiq-

OSHko'tarilYUKSALyuksaltirTUSH-

v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int v.int yuksalish v.t v.int tushib kettushib kelv.int | NX+dan ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ NX+ga ~(+ib qol-) v.t tushirib qo'ytushirib yubor-

tushir-

QO'N-

v.int

48

YIQIL-

v.int v.int | NX+dan ~ yiqilib tushv.t v.int v.int v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t v.int n v.int v.t n | chordana qur-

YIQITQULATUR-

fall down, tumble down collapse, be defeated be thrown down by X fall down, fall over throw down, cause to fall down topple, defeat fall, collapse stand stay, stop, be (swh), stay (at) dwell, settle down, live (swh), stay (at) stand up, get up, rise from X lift, make rise sit, sit down party, social gathering, meeting sit together let sit down sit cross-legged kneel (down) be kneeling bend forward, stoop lie, lie down settle down, stay (for some nights) lay down lay out, spread out horizontal; leaning to one side, fallen on one's back on one's back walk, stroll on foot go on foot on foot step, pace step forward step forward step, pace, stride step forward press, push down tread on, run over step forward, march forward underfoot tread on X run running, race make run, make run around gallop, run swift, fleet-footed jump, leap jump over X jump, leap jump, throw o.s.

turg'izO'TIRo'tirish o'tirishO'TQAZ/ O'TQIZ-

tizzalaENGASHYOTyotqizyotiq CHALQANCHA

tiz cho'kv.int v.int v.int v.t adj adv chalqanchasiga v.int adv piyoda yuradv n qadam bosqadam qo'yn v.int v.t olg'a bosoyoq ost+i NX+ning oyoq ost+i qil-

YURPIYODA YAYOV QADAM

ODIM odimlaBOS-

YUGURyugurtirCHOPchopqir SAKRA-

v.int yugurish v.t v.int adj v.int NX+dan sakrab o'tsakrash v.int

IRG'I-

49

HATLASAPCHITIRMASHO'RMALASIRG'ANTOYSUZ-

v.int NX+dan hatlab o'tv.int v.int | NX+ga ~ tirmashib chiqv.int ormalab chiqv.int sirg'anib ketv.int toyib ketv.int suzib yursuzish n v.int v.int uchish uchib ketv.t n n parvoz qilv.t n yo'l(ni) ko'rsatyo'l(ni) ko'rsatib bor-

jump jump over X throw o.s., leap forward; skip climb X, clamber up X climb up X crawl, slither crawl, slither slip, slide down slip, slide down slip slip swim sail, navigate swim swimming swimmer dive fly flight fly away let fly, launch (aero)plane flight fly drive (vehicle) drive away, expel plough driver show the way guide see off, accompany, send off see off, accompany, send off be accompanied accompany, send off, see off be accompanied follow X follower follow X track, trace, footprint, spoor follow X follow the tracks of X, pursue X follow, chase catch up overtake, pass chase, pursue overtake, pass overtake X overtake X, get ahead of X catch X up, overtake X flee X, run away from X escape X, evade X

suzuvchi SHO'NG'IUCHuchiruchqich PARVOZ HAYDAhaydovchi

KUZATkuzatilUZATuzatilERGASHergashuvchi IZ

v.t kuzatib qo'yv.int v.t v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ n NX+ning orqa+sidan born NX+ning ~+idan borNX+ning ~+iga tushv.t quvib yetquvib o'tib ketv.t quvlab yetv.int | NX+dan ~ NX+dan ~+ib ketNX+ga ~+ib borv.int | NX+dan ~ NX+dan ~+ib ket-

QUVquvlaO'ZYETQOCH-

50

OL-

v.t NX+ni olib borNX+ni olib kelNX+ni olib ketNX+ga ~+b borv.t v.t tashib keltirtashib ketv.int v.t v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.t n v.t uzatib yuborv.t v.t v.t

take take X, take X away, take X to bring X take X, take X away take, take to X bring, fetch carry, transport transfer, move across carry, bring carry away be carried, transported, transfered carry, take, contain transfer, move, shift X to Y copy (writing) transportation, deportation pass, hand over, give pass pass, transmit send send

boshlakeltirTASHI-

tashilELTko'chirko'chiruvchilik UZATo'tkazYUBORjo'nat-

51

Forces and Effects

KUCH kuchli kuchlilik kuchsiz kuchsizlik kuchsizlankuchsizlantirkuchaykuchaytirkuchanQUVVAT quvvatli baquvvat quvvatsiz bequvvat kamquvvat quvvatlaQUDRAT qudratli ZO'R zo'rayZAIF zaiflik zaiflashnimjon ENERGIYA VATT KILOVATT bosilbosim QATTIQ qattiqlaSHIDDAT shiddatli keskin keskinlik REAKSIYA MUVOZANAT SUYAsuyansuyanch n NX+ga kuch+i yetadj n adj n v.int v.t v.int v.t v.int kuchanish n adj adj adj adj adj v.t kuch-quvvat n adj n adj v.int adj n v.int adj n meas meas v.int n adj v.t n adj adj n n n v.t NY+ni NX+ga suyab qo'yv.int | NX+ga ~ n ko'tarib turstrength, power,force be in one's power to X strong, powerful strength weak, powerless weakness get weaker weaken gain strength strengthen, intensify strain tension, strain, stress power, strength powerful, strong strong, robust powerless, weak powerless, weak weak, not very powerful strengthen power, strength power, might powerful, mighty force, might, strength forceful, strong, intense, weighty strengthen, intensify weak, feeble (l/f) weakness, feebleness get weaker, more feeble weak, feeble energy watt kilowatt be pressed, covered, oppressed pressure solid, firm hard (l/f) strong, intense intensify intensity, fierceness intense, fierce tense, sharp, fierce tension reaction balance, equilibrium prop up, support lean Y on/against X lean on/against X (l/f) support (of action) prop up, support

52

TAYAtayantayanch TIRATIRGOVUCH ishlaYUR-

v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ n v.t NX+ni NY+ga tirab qo'yn v.int ishlab turv.int yurib tur-

lean X on/against Y lean on/against X rely on X support (of action) prop up, support lean X on/against Y prop, support, stake function, work (keep) function(ing), work(ing) function, work (keep) function(ing), work(ing)

53

Processes
TUTv.t hold, keep (l/f) catch, seize, grab, grasp touch, use, move occupy (place, location) hold to, carry through catch, take hold, keep be caught, be held hold X by Y, seize X by Y catch, grab hold, sustain, support hold (up), be seized hold get caught take obtain, get, acquire seize, grab be taken, be obtained cause Y to take / get X grab, seize, capture, conquer pick up, pick, collect pick up be picked up picking, gathering pick (and break the stem) lift, raise, pick up bear, endure, stand bear, carry rise, ascend (l/f) rising, steep load Y on to X; overload X with Y be loaded on to X; be overloaded with X transfer, move, shift X to Y carry, transport be carried, transported, transfered throw, throw away abandon, cast aside remove throw o.s. at/into X throw, cast, fling fire (weapon), shoot be thrown, be cast throw, cast throw off, cast off put, set put forward, give put down, set down, lay down drop put, place

tutilUSHLAushlanILINOLolinoldirBOSTERterilterim UZKO'TARko'tarilko'tarma yuklayuklanko'chirTASHItashilTASHLA-

tutib oltutib turv.int v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ ushlab olushlab turv.int ushlanib tutv.int v.t qo'lga olv.int v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ bosib olv.t terib olv.int n v.t v.t ko'tarib yurv.int adj v.t | NY+ni NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.t v.int v.t olib tashlaNX+ga ~

OTotiluloqtirirg'itQO'Y-

v.t v.int v.t v.t v.t olib qo'yqo'yib yubor-

SOL-

v.t

54

joylashtiro'rnashtirtushir-

v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ joylashtirib qo'yv.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.t qo'lga tushir-

find a place for X in Y, put X in Y install, place find a place for X in Y, put X in Y cause to descend, (cause to) drop let down, put down, lay down catch pour, pour out pour out; empty shed spill, get spilled get spilled absorb, soak up turn over, upset inside out, upside down hang (up) X on Y, suspend X on Y hang (up) X on Y hang (up) on X hang (up) on X hanging, suspended hanging, suspended hang (up) X on Y hang (up) X on Y sink in X, go down sink X into Y, soak X in Y sink in X kneel down, squat down be deep in X, be lost in X(=thoughts) drown lower

QUYTO'Kto'kilOQSHIMAG'DARag'darma OSosilosma osig'lik ILBOTbotirCHO'Kcho'ktir/ cho'kirkirgizchiqarchiqarilTORT-

v.t, v.int v.t to'kib yuborv.int oqib tushv.t v.t adj v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ NX+ni NY+ga osib qo'yv.int | NX+ga ~ NX+ga osilib turadj adj v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ NX+ni NY+ga ilib qo'yv.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int NX+ga ~+ib ketv.t

v.t v.t chiqarib olv.int v.t tortib oltortib chiqarn v.t v.t v.t v.int v.t v.t n v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | NY+ga NX ~ v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~

bring in, lead into, draw into, introduce take out, pull out, put out take out, extract be taken out, be extracted pull, drag attract, draw (l/f) extract, take out pull out, draw out drawer extract, pull out, draw out pull out, pull up drag be dragged, drag o.s. push push away, repel nudge, give a push, shove push, impulse, impetus grope, feel touch X, come into contact with X hit X, hit (and wound X) (Y) receive X, (Y) get X let X touch Y, allow X to touch Y

tortma SUG'URYULSUDRAsudralITARTURTturtki PAYPASLA/ PIYPASLATEGtegiz-

55

URurilTEPtepkilaZARB / ZARBA

v.t v.int v.t v.int v.t n NX+ga ~ berzarba ye-

beat, strike hit, knock bang o.s. kick beat kick out, give a beating blow, strike strike a blow at X be struck (a blow) be knocked (smoothly) knock (smoothly) rattle rattle beat, lash, scutch beat, whip knock (door), beat (drum), pat hammer, drive in shake off, shake out, flap drive in be knocked, beaten, shaken knock X, hammer X into Y press X to Y, press X against Y sew X(=button) on Y slap (in the face) struck a slap in the face get a slap in the face clapping, applause clap, applaud press, push down print pile up, stack tread on, run over cover, spread over oppress, overcome calm down, quiet down crush, flatten be pressed, covered, oppressed pressure track, trace, footprint, spoor crush, squeeze oppress, repress be crushed, be squeezed press, pinch, squeeze be pressed, be squeezed squeeze, grip tightly, wring out close(ly), tight(ly) squeeze, grip tightly squeeze up, merge grasping, gripping crack crackle, crunch

TAQILLAtaqillatSHARAQ sharaqlaSAVAsavalaQOQ-

v.int v.t n v.t v.t v.t v.t qoqib kirgizv.int v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~

qoqilQADA-

SHAPALOQ

n shapaloq urshapaloq yen chapak chalv.t

CHAPAK BOS-

bosilbosim IZ EZezilQISqisilSIQJIPS jipslajipslashOLG'IR CHAQQIRSILLA-

bosib tashlav.int n n v.t v.int v.t v.int v.t ad v.t v.int adj v.t v.int

56

buraburalburma QAYIRTAX taxlaG'IJIM g'ijimlaEGegilegiluvchan EGRI BUKbukilbukiluvchan buklabukim ESHUZATINTILCHO'Zcho'zilcho'ziluvchan cho'ziq TARANG BO'SH bo'shashbo'shashtirbo'shatSHISHshishirBO'RTbo'rttirYOYyoyilyoyiq SURKA-

v.t v.int n v.t n v.t adj v.t v.t v.int egilmaydigan adj adj egri-bugri v.t v.int adj v.t n v.t v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t v.int adj adj adj adj v.int v.t v.t bo'shatib yuborv.int shishib ketv.t v.int bo'rtib ketv.t v.t v.int adj v.t v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~

twist, screw wind up get twisted fold twist, wring fold fold crumpled, creased crumple, crease bend, bow bend, bow rigid, stiff flexible, pliable bent, crooked crooked, twisted bend; fold bend, be folded supple, pliable fold fold twist (thread) stretch out reach out for X, stretch for X stretch out, draw out stretch, prolong stretch, stretch out elastic stretched out, elongated tight, taut weak, without substance; loose soften, lose strength soften relax, slacken, loosen slacken, loosen swell swell swell swell swell swell spread out, spread (l/f) be spread out, be spread spread, strewed rub, wipe, smear polish spread X on Y, smear X on Y rub rub o.s. scratch scratch (o.s.) stab, prick get stabbed, get pricked drill, make hole get a hole hole, opening

ISHQALAishqalanQASHLAqashlanSANCHsanchilTESHteshilteshik

v.t v.int v.t v.int v.t v.int v.t v.int n

57

KAVAK KAVLACHUQUR chuqurlik O'Yo'yma QAZIKO'Mko'milSINsindirsiniq siniqlik BUZ-

n v.t n chuqur qazichuqur kavlan v.t n v.t qazib chiqarv.t v.int v.int v.t adj n n v.t buzib qo'yv.int adj v.t v.int v.t bosib qolv.int v.int v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int | NX bilan ~ ajralmas v.t v.t v.int n v.t v.t v.int n v.t v.t v.t v.t qirqib ol-

hole, cavity, crack dig, stir pit, hole dig a hole, a pit dig a hole, a pit pit dig deeper, drill, engrave carving, engraving dig, excavate extract, eject bury, plant bury (corpse) cover be buried, covered break, be fractured break, fracture broken, shattered fragment fragment break, destroy, demolish, ruin spoil, corrupt upset spoil, break, demolish be broken, destroyed, ruined, out of order be spoilt, corrupted broken, spoilt, out of order unprincipled, dissolute, licentious split, break up, crumble split, disintegrate break up, tear to pieces collapse, crumble, fall break up divide, split, break up get separated from X, lose X separate from X, divorce X inseparable divide, split dispatch cut, chop, cut down cut off, cut out be cut, get cut down slice cut out, cut (into) cut (lengthways), slice be cut, sliced slice shred, chop finely, cut peel, skin grate, scrape shave cut off, chop shear cut off, shear scrape clean

buzilbuzuq parchalaparchalanburdalaBOSAJRAajral-

ajratKESkesilkesim QIYTILtilintilim TO'G'RAARCHIQIRQIRQ-

QIRTISHLA-

v.t

58

CHOPUZuzilUZLUKSIZ YORyorilYAPROQ YIRTyirtilyirtiq YANCHTUYPUFLAPORTLAportlatportlovchi TORTmaydalaOCH-

v.t v.t v.int ad v.t yorib o'tv.int n, meas v.t v.int adj v.t v.t v.t puflab o'chirv.int portlash v.t adj portlovchi moddalar v.t v.t v.t ochib qo'yochib yuborv.int adj adv v.t v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ adj adj v.t adj v.t v.int v.t bekitib qo'y-

chop cut off, break off, snap off pick (and break the stem) cut, break, snap continuous(ly), uninterrupted(ly) split, cut open break through crack, explode slice, round tear, tear up get torn torn, torn up pound thresh pound blow blow out explode explosion explode, blow out explosive explosive grind break to bits, grind open uncover, discover, disclose open uncover, disclose open, open out, be open open openly, clearly, frankly close, shut cover up, hide close, be closed, be shut stick to X, adhere to X closed, shut closed, shut, covered shut, close (eyes, mouth) closed, shut shut up; surround, encircle be shut, be locked shut, lock hide block (up) bar, block barrier, obstacle hinder X, create an obstacle to X put obstacle in the way tie up, dam up, block fence, barrier, obstacle create an obstacle put up a fence / barrier

ochilochiq YOPyopilyopishyopiq yopiqliq / yopiqli YUMBERK QAMABEKILBEKIT-

TO'Sto'siq

v.t n NX+ga ~ bo'lto'siq qo'yv.t n g'ov bo'lg'ov sol-

BO'G'G'OV

59

QOP qoplaqoplaqoplanO'RA-

n, meas v.t v.t v.int | NX bilan ~ v.t v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ o'rab olo'rab turv.int | NX+ga ~ n, meas v.t v.int bog'lanish v.t | (bir-biriga) NX+ni ~ v.int v.t v.int n v.t

sack, bag cover put in sacks be covered with X wrap up, roll up spin, weave wind X on Y surround, encircle surround, encircle be wrapped with X wind on X bundle, bunch tie, bind; fasten be tied, be bound together relation, link join, tie together, connect be joined, be tied, be connected knot, tie get knotted, tied knot untie, undo take off (clothes) resolve (problems) seam, joint tear, tear off stick, block get stuck, get blocked stick to X, adhere to X stick X to Y sticky stickiness glue, gum stick, glue stick stick, stain separate divide X in Y distribute X to Y, share X among Y be separated, be divided remove, take away X from Y, separate X from Y leave X break up leave X, separate from X get separated from X, lose X isolate, separate X from Y disperse, scatter disperse, scatter, spread out disperse, scatter scattered disperse, scatter disperse, scatter scatter, disperse, spread out distribute X to Y

o'ralBOG' bog'labog'lanULAulanTUGtugilTUGUN YECH-

CHOK TIQtiqilyopishyopishtiryopishqoq yopishqoqlik YELIM yelimlaYUQBO'Lbo'linAYIRayrilAJRAajratTARQA/ TARQALtarqattarqalashtarqoq TARAL/ TARAtarashtarat-

n chok etv.t v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ adj n n v.t yelimlab qo'yv.int v.t v.t | NX+ni numY+ga ~ NX+ni NY+ga bo'lib berv.int v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ v.int v.t v.int adj v.int v.int v.t v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~

60

SOCHsochilSEPsepil-

v.t v.int v.t v.int

scatter, sprinkle, spread, send out be scattered, sprinkled, spread, sent out spray, splash scatter be sprayed, splashed be scattered

61

Matter and Nature

Properties
TO'Lto'la to'ldirto'latto'liq to'lalik TO'Q BO'SH bo'shliq bo'shabo'shatPUCH puchaypuchaytirOG'IR og'irlik og'irlashog'irlashtirYENGIL yengillashyengillashtirVAZN VAZMIN TORTGRAMM MILLIGRAMM KILOGRAMM / KILO SENTNER TONNA MISQOL JISM v.int | NX+ga ~ ad to'la numX NY NZ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ ad n adj adj n v.int v.t bo'm-bo'sh adj v.int v.t adj n v.int v.t adj yep-yengil v.int v.t n adj v.t | NX+ni (tarozida) ~ meas meas meas meas meas meas n gazsimon jism qattiq jism suyuq jism adj n adj v.int v.t be filled with X full(y), complete(ly), total(ly) X Y(=container) full of Z fill X with Y fill X with Y fill X with Y full(y), sufficient(ly), ample, complete(ly) capacity full, replete dark, rich (colour) empty, void free (time, people), vacant (space) emptiness, space become empty, be free empty, clear completely empty hollow, empty (l/f) shrink, wither shrink, wither heavy, weighty difficult, hard serious, grave heaviness, weight become heavy get worse (l/f) make heavy light (l/f) very light get lighter (l/f) lighten, make lighter (l/f) weight heavy weigh X gramme milligram kilogram quintal, hundredweight ton about 4 grammes body gas solid liquid liquid, thin, watery liquid, solution thick (liquid) thicken, get thicker thicken

SUYUQ suyuqlik QUYUQ quyuqlashquyuqlashtir-

62

ERIeriteritma QAYNAqaynatqaynoq bug'lantomchi tomchilaQATRA KO'PIK ko'pikli ko'piklapufakcha QALIN QATTIQ qattiqlik QOTYUMSHAyumshatyumshoq yumshoqlik MAYIN bo'shashbo'shashtirO'TKIR o'tkirlik o'tkirlao'tkirlashO'TMAS PUXTA puxtalik puxtalashtirMUSTAHKAM mustahkamlamustahkamlanMAHKAM mahkamlamahkamlanUSTUVOR NOZIK noziklik noziklash-

v.int v.t n v.int v.t adj v.int bug'lanish n, meas v.int n, meas qatra-qatra n adj v.int n adj adj n v.int v.int v.t adj n adj v.int v.t adj n v.t v.int adj adj n v.t adj v.t v.int adj v.t v.int adj adj n v.int

melt, thaw dissolve melt, dissolve solution boil (l/f) boil boiling, boiled evaporate evaporation drop drip, dribble drop drop by drop foam, froth, lather frothy froth, foam bubble thick dense (solid) solid, firm hard (l/f) hardness harden, get hard turn soft, become mellow soften ease, soften, pacify soft, mild mellow, fresh (bread) softness, mildness soft, light soften, lose strength soften sharp, cutting keen, clever, smart, alert sharpness sharpen sharpen blunt strong, durable, thick, firm thorough, efficient, proper(ly) firmness consolidate strong, firm, solid, consolidated strengthen, consolidate strengthen, consolidate tight, strong, firm tighten, strengthen, consolidate tighten, strengthen, consolidate firm, solid, unbreakable fine, delicate, fragile refined, sensitive delicate, touchy, tricky fineness, fragility, delicacy become fragile, be refined

63

MO'RT mo'rtlik MULOYIM egilegiluvchan bukiluvchan cho'ziluvchan TEKIS SILLIQ silliqlik silliqlasilliqlashSIRPANCHIQ SOF soflik tiniq tiniqlik ZILOL SHAFFOF TOZA tozalik POK nopok POKIZA QURIquritquruq quruqlik QURG'OQ HO'L ho'llik ho'llaNAM namlik namlanamlan-

adj n adj egilmaydigan adj adj adj ad tep-tekis adj sip-silliq n v.t v.int adj adj n adj n adj adj adj n adj adj adj v.int v.t adj qup-quruq n adj qoq-quruq adj n v.t adj n n v.t v.int

delicate, fragile delicacy, fragility soft, mild, silken gentle, mild, fond rigid, stiff flexible, pliable supple, pliable elastic smooth(ly); level very smooth smooth very smooth smoothness smooth, polish get polished slippery clean pure cleanness purity clear, limpid, pure clearness, pureness limpid, clear, pure transparent, limpid, clear clean, clear pure cleanness, clarity, cleanliness purity clean pure (l/f) dirty impure (l/f) clean pure (l/f) dry, dry off, dry out wither dry, wither dry, dried, arid empty, devoid of content completely dry, arid dryness arid, dry completely dry, arid wet, moist, soaked fresh (fruits, vegetables) wetness, humidity wet damp, moist, humid, wet dampness, moisture humidity, dampness soak, steep get wet, get moist

64

ZAX zaxlaSUG'ORsug'orilbotirDIM TEMPERATURA

adj n v.int v.t v.int v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ adj n NX+ning ~+i ko'tarilNX+ning ~+i pasayn meas numX daraja issiq numX daraja iliq numX daraja sovuq minus numX daraja meas numX gradus issiq numX gradus iliq numX gradus sovuq minus numX gradus n v.int v.int v.t adj n n v.int adj adj v.t v.int v.t ad iliq-miliq n adj, n n v.int v.int v.int sovub qolv.t adj n v.int muzdek v.int v.t v.int to'ngib qolv.t

damp dampness become damp water, irrigate give water to be irrigated sink X into Y, soak X in Y stuffy, sultry temperature X's temperature rise X's temperature fall temperature degree (temperature) X degrees (of temperature) X degrees (of temperature) X degrees below 0 X degrees below 0 degree (angles) degree (temperature) X degrees (of temperature) X degrees (of temperature) X degrees below 0 X degrees below 0 thermometer get warm warm o.s. (up) warm (up), heat (up) hot heat, hot weather heat get hot hot, heated, burning scorching, burning heat, forge get warm warm (up) warm (l/f), tepid (rather) warm, tepid warmth, tepidity cool, refreshing; cool(ness) coolness freshen o.s (up), refresh o.s. get cooler get cold, turn cold get cold, turn cold cool (down) cold, frosty cold frost get cold, freeze very cold (like ice), frosty freeze, be frozen (make) freeze freeze freeze (make) freeze

HARORAT DARAJA

GRADUS

gradusnik ISIisinisitISSIQ issiqlik QIZIqiziq JAZIRAMA toblaILIilitiliq iliqlik SALQIN salqinlik salqinlasalqinlashSOVUsovutsovuq SOVQOTMUZ muzlamuzlatTO'NGto'ngdir-

65

YORIyorityoritilYORQIN YORUG' yorug'lik QORONG'I qorong'ilik qorong'ilanqorong'ilatZULMAT XIRA xiralanSIYOH RANG

v.int v.t yoritish v.int adj n adj yop-yorug' n adj, n qop-qorong'i n v.int v.t n adj v.int adj sim-siyoh n NX+ga rang berNX qaysi rangda? rang-barang adj ko'p rangli adj adj n adj ola-bula yo'l-yo'l xol-xol

give light light (up), illuminate lighting be illuminated bright, light light, shine light, bright very bright, very light luminosity; (place with) light dark, obscure; darkness, obscurity pitch-dark darkness, obscurity darken, grow dark darken, make dark obscurity dull, dim, dark get dull, get dim, darken black, dark deep black, very dark colour paint, dye complexion colour X what colour is X? multi-coloured coloured multi-coloured colourless pale coloured shade, hue, color appearance, manner multi-coloured, colourful colourfully patterned striped dotted, spotted white whitish turn white, turn pale whiten, whitewash whiten, lighten whitish very white, pure white black, dark pitch black, completely black pitch black, completely black turn black, turn dark blacken blackish grey, ash-grey, steel gray dark, rich (colour) light, pale (prefix for colour) fade, grow pale, grow dim

rangli rangsiz rangdor TUS OLA

OQ oqish oqaroqlaoqart/ oqartiroqimtir OPPOQ QORA qorayqoraytir/ qoraytqoramtil TO'Q OCH O'CH-

adj adj v.int v.t v.t adj adj adj qop-qora tim-qora v.int v.t adj kul rang adj adj v.int

66

QIZIL QIZARqizart/ qizartirQIZG'ISH PUSHTI

adj qip-qizil to'q qizil v.int v.t adj adj to'q sariq qovoq rang

red glaringly red, bright red dark red turn red, blush turn red reddish pink, rose orange orange yellow strikingly yellow turn yellow turn yellow yellowish blonde, light brown green bright green (sky) blue, (grass) green bright blue, bright green bluish, greenish turn green turn green bluish, greenish sky blue light blue (vivid) navy blue light blue, turquoise purple brown, liver-coloured brown golden, gilt silver

SARIQ SARG'AYsarg'aytir/ sarg'aytSARG'ISH MALLA YASHIL KO'K ko'kish ko'karko'kartirko'kimtir MOVIY ZANGORI

adj sap-sariq v.int v.t adj adj adj yam-yashil adj ko'm-ko'k adj v.int v.int adj havo rang adj to'q ko'k adj binafsha rang jigar rang qahva rang tilla rang kumush rang

67

Substances
MODDA MODDIY MATERIAL ATOM YADRO yadroviy VODOROD UGLEROD AZOT KISLOTA KISLOROD METALL TEMIR PO'LAT OLTIN TILLA ZAR ZARHAL zarhallaPLATINA KUMUSH MIS QALAY BRONZA QO'RG'OSHIN TUZ MINERAL qazilma RUDA ZANG zanglaYOQUT LA'L OLMOS ZUMRAD BO'R MARMAR SOPOL n adj n n n yadro energiyasi adj n n n n n n n n n n n adj v.t n n n n n n n n adj n NX rudasi n NX+ni ~ bosv.int n n n n n n n matter, substance element (physical) material (l/f) material(s) (physical / documents) atom nucleus nuclear energy nuclear hydrogen carbon nitrogen acid oxygen metal iron steel gold; golden gold gold golden gild, cover with gold platinum silver copper tin bronze lead salt mineral mineral ore X ore rust make X rusty rust ruby, precious stone ruby, sapphire diamond emerald chalk marble earthenware

68

TOSH toshli toshloq XARSANG QOYA TUPROQ QUM qumli qumloq LOY loyli loylaBALCHIQ balchiqli CHANG changiTO'Zto'zon G'UBOR g'uborli g'uborsiz beg'ubor KUKUN kukunlaPOROSHOK SHISHA BILLUR XRUSTAL CHINNI PLASTMASSA REZINA YELIM PASTA SOVUN SUV

n adj n n xarsang tosh n n n adj n n adj v.t n adj n v.int v.int n chang-to'zon n adj adj adj n v.t n n n n n n n n n n NX suvi n NX+ni suv bosoqar suv suv osti adj v.t n adj v.int

stone, rock stony stony place boulder, rock rock rock earth, soil land, territory sand sandy sandy place, sands mud clay (used for building) muddy, unclear make muddy mud muddy, covered with mud dust get dusty turn to dust dust dusty dust dusty, dark clean, pure clean, pure (l/f) powder grind to powder powder glass bottle crystal crystal china plastic rubber glue, gum paste soap X(=fruit) juice water X be flooded running water underwater, submarine liquid, thin, watery water, irrigate ice full of ice freeze, be frozen

SUYUQ SUG'ORMUZ muzli muzla-

69

YAX yaxlayaxlatBUG' bug'lanHAVO havoli havosiz O'T

n v.int v.t n v.int n adj adj n o't qo'yo't olNX+ga o't tushn n n v.int n v.int v.int n n v.t v.int n v.t v.int v.int yonib ketn v.t n v.int v.t n v.int v.t v.int v.t o't o'chirish bo'limi

ice, frost freeze freeze steam evaporate air, atmosphere sky weather with air without air fire set a fire catch fire a fire break in X fire (lighten by human) camp fire flame ignite, catch fire spark crackle smoke smoke smoke light (fire, lamp), switch on (lamp) be lit fuel lay out for a fire catch fire burn (fire) give a light (lamp) catch fire fuel light (fire) fire (destructive), conflagration burn, get burnt (by fire or heat) burn anger, annoy, cause trouble flame flare, catch alight set on fire, set fire to die out, go out (fire, lamp) fade, grow pale, grow dim disappear, vanish put out, extinguish (fire, lamp) cause to vanish, erase fire department go out, become extinguished (fire) put out, extinguish (fire) ember(s) ash(es)

OLOV GULXAN ALANGA alangalanUCHQUN GURILLATUTATUTUN DUD YOQyoqilyoqilg'i QALAqalanYONyonilg'i yondiryong'in KUYkuydirYALLIG' yallig'lan/ yallig'layallig'lantir/ yallig'latO'CHo'chir-

SO'Nso'ndirCHO'G' KUL

v.int v.t n n

70

GAZ gazsimon NEFT neftli BENZIN DIZEL KO'MIR O'TIN YOG'OCH QOG'OZ KARTON SIYOH MOY moyli moylaYOG' yog'li yog'laELEKTR ELEKTRON TOK VOL'T AMPER TO'LQIN MAGNIT YORUG'

n adj n adj n n n n n n qalin qog'oz n n n adj v.t n adj v.t n, adj n, adj n elektr toki meas meas n n n adj elektr yorug'i oy yorug'i quyosh yorug'i n nur sochquyosh nuri adj adj v.int n n n rentgen nurlari v.int adj ad n n n

gas (combustible) gaseous oil, petroleum oil petrol, gasoline diesel coal firewood wood, timber; wooden paper cardboard cardboard ink non-edible oil, grease edible oil, fat, grease oily, greasy oil, grease fat, oil, grease fat, oily, greasy grease, oil electricity; electric electron; electronic (electric) current electric current volt ampere Hertzian wave(s), wavelength magnet light, shine light, bright electric light moonlight sunlight (light) ray shine sunshine, sunlight luminous, shiny dim, dusky shine, be luminous, glitter light, ray (light) ray, shine X-rays X-rays shine (forth) bright, brilliant (l/f) bright(ly) clear(ly), clear-cut brightness sunshine, (place in the) sun moonlight

NUR nurlik nursiz nurlanYOG'DU SHU'LA RENTGEN PORLAporloq RAVSHAN ravshanlik OFTOB OYDIN

71

yaltirayaltiratyaltiroq yiltira/ yiltillayiltiroq CHARAQLAAKS

yalt etv.int v.t adj yilt etv.int yiltirash adj v.int n aks etaks ettiradj, n qorong'i qilqorong'i tushn adj n n tovush qiladj adj n n ovoz(+ini) chiqaradj adj n ad n jarang-jurung adj v.int v.int v.int adj n v.int n shovqin solshovqin qiln shovqin-suron shov-shuv aks-sado

shine, glitter, sparkle shine, glitter, sparkle shine, polish shining, glittering, sparkling glitter, sparkle glitter, sparkle glitter, sparkle glittering, sparkling sparkle, shine reflection reflect reflect dark, obscure; darkness, obscurity block the light darkness fall shade, shadow shady shade, shadow sound, voice make noise noisy, (with) sound, sonorous noiseless, silent sound, voice voice sound, volume sound, make noise, (be) aloud voiced, (with) sound silent voice, sound, echo loud (voice) ringing, jingle jingle-jangle sonorous, voiced ring, jingle ring, jingle ring, ring out ringing, loud grating, creaking grate, creak noise, clamour, shout make noise make noise loud noise, clamor big noise, din; hubbub, uproar big noise, din confusion echo

QORONG'I

SOYA sersoya KO'LANKA TOVUSH tovushli tovushsiz UN OVOZ ovozli ovozsiz SADO BALAND JARANG jarangli jaranglaJIRINGLAYANGRAyangroq G'IJIR g'ijirlaSHOVQIN

SURON

72

Nature
TABIAT TABIIY tabiiyot KOINOT JAHON OLAM DUNYO dunyoviy FAZO YULDUZ yulduzli QUYOSH n adj n n n n olam-jahon n butun dunyo(+ga) adj n n adj n quyosh botishi quyosh chiqishi quyosh nuri adj n kun botishi kun chiqishi OFTOB PLANETA SAYYORA yo'ldosh OY n n n n n to'lin oy yangi tug'ilgan oy OYDIN HILOL OSMON KO'K FALAK UFQ YER n n n n n n n yer osti yer shari yer yuzi YEROSTI ZAMIN n, adj n nature, Nature nature, character natural natural science the universe, cosmos the universe, the world world, universe the whole world, everybody world, realm all over the world world space outer space star star-studded sun sunset sunrise sunshine, sunlight sunny day sun sunset sunrise sunshine, (place in the) sun planet planet satellite moon month full moon new moon moonlight (moon) crescent sky, heaven sky sky horizon the Earth land place (l/f) underground globe (of the earth) the surface (of the earth) underground land, soil

quyoshli KUN

73

TUPROQ MINTAQA QIT'A TOG'

n n n n tog' cho'qqisi tog' etagi tog' tepasi tog' tizmalari adj n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n adj n n n n n n n n n n adj v.int adj n

earth, soil land, territory (geographical) zone continent mountain, (large) hill peak foot of a mountain top of a mountain mountain ridge mountainous hill height, hill small hill hill, mound, foothills volcano peak, top, summit (mountain) pass (mountain) pass valley plain desert, waste land, steppe desert desert sandy land steppe oasis meadow meadow pasture, range summer pasture meadow forest, wood wooded wooded place, wood grove, wood undergrowth, bush bush cave cave sea, ocean ocean gulf, bay wave(s) with waves be with waves like waves, wavy wave, swell

tog'li TEPA tepalik tepacha ADIR VULQON / VULKAN CHO'QQI DOVON PEREVAL VODIY tekislik CHO'L SAHRO BIYOBON qumlik DASHT VOHA o'tzor o'tloq YAYLOV O'RMON o'rmonli o'rmonzor daraxtzor CHAKALAK chakalakzor G'OR UNGUR DENGIZ OKEAN KO'RFAZ TO'LQIN to'lqinli to'lqinlanto'lqinsimon MAVJ

74

DARYO IRMOQ ANHOR SOY SHALOLA KO'L HOVUZ KO'LMAK BOTQOQ HAVZA OROL QIRG'OQ SOHIL BO'Y bo'ylaPLAJ BULOQ CHASHMA ATMOSFERA atmosferaviy IQLIM iqlimiy HAVO

n n n n n n n n n adj n n yarim orol n n dengiz sohili n v.t n n buloq suvi n n adj n adj n havo shari ochiq havo yumshoq havo ob-havo ob-havo ma'lumoti

river tributary small river irrigation canal rivulet waterfall, cascade lake, pond pool, pond, reservoir pool, pond marsh, bog, swamp marshy, boggy, swampy basin island peninsula bank, shore shore, bank coast bank, shore stroll along the shore, the bank beach spring, source spring water spring atmosphere atmospheric climate climatic air, atmosphere sky weather atmosphere fine weather mild weather weather weather report weather (of the day) clear up (of weather) clear (of weather) heat, hot weather frost hoarfrost light frost turn cold get cool, turn cool wind (wind) blow, be windy windy

KUN ochilochiq ISSIQ sovuq QIROV AYOZ

n v.int adj n n n n sovuq tushsalqin tush-

SHAMOL shamolli

n shamol esadj

75

YEL IZG'IRIN SHABADA BO'RON bo'ronli DOVUL PO'RTANA TO'FON BULUT bulutli bulutlanTUMAN tumanli YOMG'IR yomg'irli JALA SEL QOR qorli DO'L YOG'yog'in SHABNAM SHUDRING MOMAQALDIROQ CHAQMOQ YASHIN GUMBURLAKAMALAK SAROB FASL MAVSUM mavsumiy BAHOR bahorgi KO'KLAM YOZ yozgi SARATON KUZ kuzgi

n n n n adj n n n n adj v.int n tuman tushadj n yomg'ir yog'mayda yomg'ir adj n n n qor yog'adj n do'l yog'v.int n n n n n chaqmoq chaqn v.int n n n n adj n adj n n adj n n adj

wind cold, penetrating wind breeze storm, tempest stormy storm, hurricane storm, whirlwind typhoon, hurricane cloud cloudy cloud over, become overcast mist, fog get misty, get foggy misty, foggy rain rain drizzle rainy shower downpour flash flood snow snow snowy hail hail fall (of precipitation) precipitation dew dew thunderstorm lightning flash (of lightning) lightning rumble (of thunder) rainbow mirage season season, time seasonal spring spring early spring summer summer hottest part of the summer autumn autumnal

76

QISH qishki QAHRATON QURG'OQ qurg'oqchilik toshqin ko'chki

n adj qahraton qish adj n n suv toshqini n qor ko'chkisi tog' ko'chkisi yer qimirlash n n n

winter winter severe winter arid, dry drought flood, flooding, swamping flood avalanche avalanche landslide earthquake earthquake scenery, landscape, view landscape

ZILZILA MANZARA PEYZAJ

77

Life and Humans

Vital Functions
YASHAHAYOT hayotiy hayotiylik UMR umrli kechirv.int yashash n adj adj n hayot-mamot n umr kechirumr suradj v.t NX+ni boshdan kechirkun kechirn adj n v.int v.t n adj adj v.int v.t adj n n adj n adj n adj n erkak jinsi xotin jinsi adj jinsiy aloqa jinsiy aloqalar NX bilan jinsiy aloqa qiljinsiy aloqaga kirjinsiy a'zolar n adj adj oy ko'rqon ko'rTUXUM n tuxum qillive, live (swh) life, existence life (lived), livelihood life (existence) alive of life vitality (matter of) life and death life-span, life live (an amount of time) live (an amount of time) of all one's life go through, experience go through X live, get along life (lived), livelihood alive, living livelihood revive revive life, soul, spirit alive, living, vivid, full of vitality lifeless, spiritless liven up, come to life, revive liven up, revive weak, feeble creature gene genetic genus, race, lineage purebred race racial sex, gender species, race masculine gender feminine gender sexual sex sexual relations have sex with X have sex genitals pedigree, race of fine breed sterile menstruate menstruate egg lay egg(s)

TURMUSH TIRIK tirikchilik TIRILtiriltirJON jonli jonsiz jonlanjonlantirnimjon JONIVOR GEN GENETIK ZOT zotdor IRQ irqiy JINS

jinsiy

NASL naslli naslsiz

78

URUG' urug'don BACHADON PUSHT HOMILA homilador homiladorlik TUG'tug'iltug'ma

n n n n n adj n bola tashlav.t v.int tug'ilish tug'ilgan kun(+i) adj dunyoga kelolamga kelbola ko'r-

seed eggs; spermatozoon testicle womb, uterus embryo generation foetus pregnant pregnancy abort give birth to be born birth birthday innate, hereditary, inborn come to the world come to the world get child(ren) have youngs (of animals) grow rise, go up, ascend, increase growth make grow increase grow grow, grow up start to (of young children) begin to walk start to talk child young (of animals) young age be X years old be X years old get X years old, enter in X (age) get X years old (pass) youth aged X aged feel / look younger make look younger unfinished, incomplete immature, premature grown up grown up flourish, bloom, be in one's prime (l/f) blooming maturity, coming of age come of age old, aged old age grow old grew old

bolalaO'So'stirUNULG'AYchiqar-

v.int v.int o'sish v.t v.int v.int v.t oyoq chiqartil chiqarn adj n numX ~+da (bo'l-) ~+i numX+da numX ~+ga kirnumX ~+ga to'ln adj | numX ~ katta yoshli v.int v.t adj adj bo'yga yetkan v.int yashnash n voyaga yetadj n v.int qarib qol-

BOLA YOSH

yoshlik yoshli yosharyoshartCHALA KATTA YASHNAVOYA QARI qarilik QARI-

79

KEKSA keksalik KIRO'Lo'lmas o'ldiro'ldirilo'lim o'lik

n, adj n v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ adj v.t o'z o'z+ini o'ldirv.int n n adj

old, elderly; old, elderly man / person old age reach X, enter in X(=age) die from X immortal kill, murder commit suicide get killed death corpse, dead body deceased dead (l/f) lifeless, spiritless death, decease die, pass away death, final hour pass away pass away deceased, late die, perish kill accident, disaster, wreck slaughter rot, decay, putrefy rot, decay, putrefy rotten, decayed, putrefied get rotten, get putrid get rotten, get putrid hungry, starving be hungry with an empty stomach hunger get hungry appetite lose one's appetite without appetite full, replete prosperous have had one's fill satiety have one's fill, be replete (l/f) get full one's fill insatiable eat one's fill eat one's fill feed till replete get thirsty get, be thirsty thirsty quench one's thirst thirst thirsty for X thirst for X

VAFOT AJAL

n vafot et-/qiln dunyodan o'tolamdan o't-

MARHUM HALOK halokat SO'YCHIRIchiritchirik SASI-

n, adj halok bo'lhalok qil-/etn v.t v.int v.t adj v.int sasib qoladj qorn+i och och qoringa n v.int n ishtaha+si yo'qotad adj qorn+i to'q n v.int to'yib ketto'yguncha to'ymas qorn+i to'yto'yib ovqat yev.t v.int chanqab ketadj chanqoqni bosn adj | NX+ga ~ n | NX+ga ~

OCH ochlik ochiqISHTAHA ishtahasiz TO'Q to'qlik TO'Y-

to'yg'azCHANQAchanqoq chanqoqlik TASHNA tashnalik

80

suvsasuvsiraCHO'LLAYEyegizyem BOQtishlaQOPKEMIRG'AJICHAYNAEMemizSO'RYUTyutum HO'PLAho'plam QULTUM ICHichirichimli SUG'ORTUPUK TUPLATUPURSO'LAK / SO'LAKAY HAZM SIYsiydik BO'Q DAM NAFAS

v.int v.int v.int v.t v.t n v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t v.t v.t v.t v.t v.t v.t v.t v.t n v.t ho'plab-ho'plab ichn n v.t v.t adj v.t n v.int v.int n n hazm qilv.int n n n dam chiqarn nafas olnafas chiqarn ovoz(+ini) chiqarn n tovush chiqarn ad

get thirsty be thirsty get thirsty eat suffer, endure (blow, attack) force to / make eat fodder, food (for animals) feed X, pasture X bite, bite off bite gnaw gnaw chew, masticate suck cause to suck, breast-feed suck swallow mouthful swallow gulp down, gobble up take little sips gulp, sip sip, gulp drink, ingest make drink drinkable water, irrigate give water to spit, spittle spit spit saliva digestion digest urinate, micurate urine excrement, manure breath, rest, break breathe breath breathe in, take a breathe breathe voice sound, make noise, (be) aloud voice, sound, echo sound, voice enunciate, (be) aloud sound, voice loud (voice)

OVOZ SADO TOVUSH UN BALAND

81

QICHQIRqichqiriq CHINQIRchinqiriq BAQIRbaqiriq baqiroq O'KIRFARYOD UVLAHURHUSHTAK SHOVQIN shovqinli shovqinlaSURON SAYRAYUMTO'K-

v.int n v.int n v.int n adj v.int n v.int v.int n hushtak chaln shovqin solshovqin qiln v.int n shovqin-suron v.int v.t v.t ko'z yoshi to'kqon to'kter to'kv.int n ko'z yoshi v.int n v.int terlab ketv.int sovqotib ketv.int v.int isib ketv.int v.t n v.t adj v.t

shout, call crow shout, call howl, yell, scream shriek shout (loudly), yell, scream shout, yell, roar noisy, yelling howl cry loudly shout, wailing howl, wail bark, howl whistle whistle noise, clamour, shout make noise make noise noisy, uproarious be noisy, be in an uproar loud noise, clamor big noise, din; hubbub, uproar sing (of birds) shut, close (eyes, mouth) shed shed tears blood sweat grow pale tear(s) tear(s) weep, cry, sob sweat, perspiration sweat, perspire sweat get cold, freeze get, be cold freshen o.s (up), refresh o.s. get warm get, be hot warm o.s. (up) sting, bite (of insects) sting (of insects) choke, strangle caught in one's throat (voice, ...) cut the throat of

BO'ZARYOSH YIG'LATER terlaSOVQOTsalqinlaISIisinCHAQNAYZA BO'G'bo'g'iq bo'g'izla-

82

CHARCHAcharchatcharchoq TOLIQHORIhoriganlik HORDIQ HORG'IN ESNADAM

v.int charchab ketcharchagan v.t n charchoqdan yiqilv.int v.int horigan n n hordiq chiqaradj v.int n NX+ga ~ berdam oldam olish n orom oln n istirohat qiln farog'at qiln adv n tanaffus qiln uyqu+si keluyquga ketuyqu+si qochuyqu+si o'tad n v.int v.int uxlab qoln v.t o'rn+iga yoto'rn+iga yotqiz-

get tired, weary, exhausted get, be tired tired, weary tire, make tired tiredness, weariness be deadtired grow tired get tired, weary, exhausted tired, weary weariness, tiredness fatigue rest tired, weary (appearance) yawn breath, rest, break give X a rest take a breath, have a rest holiday, vacation, leave rest; peace, quietness have a rest comfort, peace, rest rest, holiday rest rest, relaxation, peace, quietness rest, relax rest, relaxation, quietness without respite, continuously, incessantly break, interval to have a break, break off sleep, sleepiness get sleepy go to sleep, fall asleep can not sleep can not sleep without sleep insomnia feel sleepy sleep, go to bed fall asleep wakefulness send to sleep go to bed put to bed snore, snoring snore snore awake, alert wakefulness wake up awakening (l/f) wake (up) wake up wakefulness be awake, step up wakefulness

OROM ROHAT ISTIROHAT FAROG'AT tinim tinimsiz TANAFFUS UYQU

uyqusiz uyqusizlik uyqusiraUXLAuxlamaslik uxlat-

XURRAK

n xurrak otxurrak tortadj n v.int uyg'onish v.t uyg'otib qo'yn bedor bo'ln

UYG'OQ uyg'oqlik UYG'ONUYG'OTBEDOR bedorlik

83

Body
ANATOMIYA TAN BADAN JISMONIY AZAMAT azamatlik CHAYIR ZABARDAST PAHLAVON / POLVON GAVDA gavdali JUSSA jussali BO'Y n n n adj (qora) kuch adj n adj n n n inson gavdasi adj n adj n NX+ning ~+i baland NX+ning ~+i uzun NX+ning ~+i past adj baland bo'yli past bo'yli adj adj adj adj n v.int adj n v.int adj adj adj v.int n n n n, adj bosh suyagi KALLA MIYA n n bosh miya ENSA n anatomy body body; physique, physical physical physical strength vigorous, sturdy vigour, sturdiness muscular, with staying power strong, stout strong man, wrestler figure, stature the human body tall, stout stature stout, large size, length, height tall tall short tall, with a given size tall short tall tall tall fat, corpulent, stout, obese fatness, stoutness, obesity get fat, put on weight thick, stout, fat, big thickness, stoutness, fatness get thin, lose weight thin, slim, skinny thin, slender thin, slim, emaciated get thin, lose weight complexion cell head beginning, source head, chief, top, main skull head brain, marrow brain, mind brain nape of the neck, back of the head

bo'yli bo'ychan bo'ydor NOVCHA SEMIZ semizlik SEMIRYO'G'ON yo'g'onlik OZozg'in INGICHKA ORIQ oriqlaRANG HUJAYRA BOSH

84

PESHANA / PESHONA MANGLAY CHAKKA YUZ yuzlanyuzlashCHEHRA BASHARA AFT BET AJIN YONOQ QOSH CHIMIRKO'Z QOVOQ KIPRIK BURUN (burn+i)

n n n n v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX bilan ~ n n n n n n n v.t n ko'z qorachig'i n n n burun qoqburun tort-

forehead brow, forehead temple(s) (of head) face surface, face turn one's face to X, face X meet with X face, appearance appearance, face appearance, face face, cheeks surface, face wrinkle(s) cheek eyebrows raise (the eyebrows) eye pupil eyelid eyelash(es) nose blow one's nose sniff nose mood, humour ear handle (of pots) jaw, chin chin mouth mouth, opening, aperture mouthful oral lip(s) bank, ridge, edge lip(s) tooth wisdom tooth incisor molar tooth canine milk teeth toothed bite, bite off gum tongue language, tongue palate

DIMOG' QULOQ JAG' IYAK OG'IZ (og'z+i)

n n n n n meas adj

LAB DUDOQ TISH

n n n aql tishi kurak tish oziq tish qoziq tish sut tishlari adj v.t n n n

tishli tishlaMILK TIL TANGLAY

85

TUMSHUQ TOMOQ bo'g'iz (bo'g'z+i) KEKIRDAK JIG'ILDON BO'YIN (bo'yn+i) GARDAN TANA KO'KRAK KO'KS EMCHAK QORIN (qorn+i) QURSOQ YELKA

n n n

beak throat throat neck (of a bottle)

n n n n n n n n n n n yelka qisyelkama-yelka n n v.int n n n qo'l-ayoq n, adj n n n meas meas n n oyoq barmog'i bosh barmoq ko'rsatkich barmoq o'rta barmoq n n meas n meas n

throat, larynx throat, gullet neck neck, nape of the neck trunk, torso chest, breast chest, breast breast belly, stomach stomach, belly shoulder(s), back shrug the shoulders shoulder to shoulder underarm, arm-pit side lie on one's side back, back part waist, small of the back limb the limbs hand(s), arm(s), wrist(s); hand elbow wrist, arm, forearm palm handful handful fist finger toe thumb fore-finger middle finger the little finger hand, paw, talon handful palm and fingers, hand paw pinch foot, leg

QO'LTIQ YONBOSH yonboshlaORQA BEL A'ZO QO'L TIRSAK BILAK KAFT HOVUCH MUSHT / MUSHTUM BARMOQ

JIMJILOQ CHANGAL PANJA CHIMDIN OYOQ

86

TOVON TO'PIQ BOLDIR TIZZA / TIZ tizzalaSON DUMBA KET QANOT QUYRUQ DUM TERI PO'ST XOL TUK tukli QIL MO'YNA JUN SOCH

n n n n tiz cho'kv.int n n n n qanot qoqn n n adj n n n adj n n n n soch olsoch+ini oldiradj adj n soqol olsoqol qirsoqol qo'ysoqol+ini oldiradj adj n mo'ylov qo'yn n tirnoq oln n adj n n n

heel ankle calf (of leg) knee(s) kneel (down) be kneeling thigh fat tail (of a sheep) buttocks back, back part buttocks wing(s) flap wings tail tail skin, leather leather skin, peel, bark mole, birthmark (body) hair, fluff, wool hairy hair, horsehair fur wool hair cut hair have a haircut curly, wavy bald, mangy beard shave shave grow a beard get shaved bearded beardless moustache have a moustache feather (finger/toe) nail(s), claw(s) cut one's nails hoof horn(s) horned horn(s) shell rind, peel; shell

JINGALAK KAL SOQOL

soqolli soqolsiz MO'YLOV PAT TIRNOQ TUYOQ SHOX shoxli MUGUZ CHIG'ANOQ PO'CHOQ

87

SUYAK suyakli SKELET UMURTQA MUSKUL muskulli PAY NERV ASAB asabiy QON qonli qonaqonxo'r TOMIR

n adj n n n adj n, adj n n adj n qon bosim+i adj v.int adj n tomir+ini tepishi tomir+ini urishi n n n n n n n n n

bone bony skeleton spine, vertebral column muscle muscular sinew; sinewy, stringy nerve nerves nervous blood blood pressure bloody bleed bloodthirsty vein, artery pulse pulse vein heart courage lung(s) stomach stomach intestines, bowels liver kidney(s) gland

VENA YURAK O'PKA OSHQOZON ME'DA ICHAK JIGAR BUYRAK BEZ

88

Plants
O'So'stiro'simlik TUP PISHpishirpishiq v.int v.t n o'simliklarga oid n, meas v.int v.t adj n yetilXOM v.int adj grow make grow plant vegetal plant, bush (still growing) get ripe (l/f) get cooked get mature, experienced ripen ripe strong, solid harvest season, time of reaping ripen, grow raw, uncooked unripe raw unripe fruit unripe, green (of fruit) fade, wither, wilt, dry up faded, withered, wilted, dried up seed reserved for sowing corn, grain (of cereals) grain corn, grain (seed of cereals) stone (of a fruit) kernel spike, head, ear with ear, cereal root(s) root(s) stem, stalk trunk, bole branch branchy branch, ramification branchy, ramified ramify shoot, young branch thorn, prickle, splinter thorny, prickly splinter skin, peel, bark bark

G'O'RA G'O'R / G'O'RA QOVJIRAqovjiroq URUG' urug'li DON donli G'ALLA DANAK MAG'IZ (mag'z+i) BOSHOQ boshoqli ILDIZ TOMIR POYA TANA SHOX shoxli BUTOQ butoqli butoqlaNOVDA TIKAN tikanli ZIRAPCHA PO'ST po'stloq

n adj v.int adj n adj n adj n n n n adj n n n n n adj n adj v.int n n adj n n n

89

YAPROQ

n n, meas n n n n v.int n adj gul do'koni v.int n meva-cheva adj v.int n, meas n n n n n n n n n n qizil gul n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

leaf sheet (of paper) slice, round leaf bud bud flower blossom flower, blossom with flowers, for flowers florist blossom, flourish (l/f) fruit all kinds of fruit fruit, with fruit bear fruit bunch mushroom (edible) plant, herb grass meadow meadow pasture, range greenery, young grass dry grass, hay, straw straw, chaff hawthorn rose red rose carnation violet tulip marguerite daisy sunflower poppy opium water lily tree young tree, sapling bush, shrub, plant pine tree fir tree fir tree, juniper, spruce willow

BARG KURTAK G'UNCHA CHECHAK chechaklaGUL gullaMEVA mevali mevalaSHINGIL QO'ZIQORIN (qo'ziqorn+i) GIYOH O'T o'tzor o'tloq MAYSA XASHAK SOMON DO'LANA ATIRGUL CHINNIGUL BINAFSHA LOLA MOYCHECHAK DASTORGUL KUNGABOQAR KO'KNOR NILUFAR DARAXT KO'CHAT BUTA QARAG'AY QORAQARAG'AY ARCHA TOL

90

TERAK QAYIN EMAN CHINOR TUT QAMISH

n n n n n n boshoqli o'simliklar don ekinlari

poplar birch oak plane tree mulberry tree reed, rush cereals cereals wheat barley maize, corn rice (in the husk) rice (husked) flax; linseed cotton (plant) cotton seed cotton cotton sesame greens, vegetables greens, greenery grass greens, greenery greens, green vegetables vegetables, greens carrot turnip radish horse-radish, radish pumpkin (inedible) hollow gourd (dish) pumpkin (edible), squash egg-plant tomatoe cucumber cabbage potatoe beetroot beetroot peas, beans, lentil peas

BUG'DOY ARPA MAKKAJO'XORI / MAKKA SHOLI GURUCH / GURUNCH ZIG'IR G'O'ZA CHIGIT PAXTA KUNJUT KO'K KO'KAT

n n n n n n n n n oq oltin n n ko'katlar n n n n n n n n osh qovoq

SABZA sabzavot SABZI SHOLG'OM REDISKA TURP QOVOQ

BAQLAJON POMIDOR BODRING KARAM KARTOSHKA LAVLAGI QIZILCHA MOSH NO'XAT

n n n n n n n n n

91

YASMIQ BURCHOQ LOVIYA ISMALOQ SELDEREY SALAT PETRUSHKA PIYOZ SARIMSOQ MURCH GARMDORI QALAMPIR XANTAL ZAYTUN BEDA ZIRA SHIVIT RAYHON YALPIZ QOVUN XAMAK HANDALAK TARVUZ SHAFTOLI O'RIK OLMA NOK ANOR ANJIR BEHI JIYDA XURMO OLXO'RI OLCHA GILOS TOK UZUM QULUPNAY TUT SHOTUT

n n n n n n n n n n n n murch-qalampir n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

lentil garden peas haricot beans spinach celery lettuce parsley onion garlic (black) pepper (cayenne) pepper (red) pepper pepper mustard olive clover caraway dill basil mint melon small or unripe melon small, early ripening melon water-melon peach apricot apple pear pomegranate fig quince date date-palm, date plum cherry sweet cherry vine, grapevine grapes strawberry mulberry black mulberry

92

APELSIN PO'RTAHOL LIMON BANAN YONG'OQ

n n n n n o'rmon yong'og'i yer yong'oq n n n

orange orange lemon banana nut, walnut hazelnut peanut chestnut almond pistachio nut

KASHTAN BODOM PISTA

93

Animals
HAYVON hayvonot hayvoniy YOVVOYI PODA GALA TO'DA YILQI MOL n uy hayvoni n hayvonot bog'i adj adj n | NX ~+si n | NX ~+si n | NX+lar ~+si n n animal, beast domestic animal animal zoo animal wild, not domesticated herd, flock of Xs flock, herd of Xs(= wild animals) flock, swarm of Xs horse herd cattle, livestock property, possessions, belongings commodity, goods, articles, produce (horned) cattle head (cattle) head (cattle) cow bull, ox bullock, ox calf horse mare mare stallion foal, yearling foal, yearling mule donkey, ass ass's foal sheep ram ewe lamb lamb goat billy-goat kid (goat) camel hump (of camel) pig wild boar

QORAMOL BOSH TUYOQ SIGIR BUQA HO'KIZ BUZOQ OT BIYA BAYTAL TOY / TOYCHA QULUN XACHIR ESHAK XO'TIK QO'Y QO'CHQOR SOVLIQ QO'ZI qo'zichoq ECHKI TAKA ULOQ TUYA CHO'CHQA QOBON

n meas meas n n n n n n n ayg'ir ot n n n n n n n n n n n n n n tuya o'rkachi n n

94

IT KUCHUK MUSHUK QUYON TOVUSHQON OLMAXON SICHQON KALAMUSH KO'RSICHQON TIPRATIKAN SHER ARSLON YO'LBARS AYIQ BO'RI TULKI BUG'U KIYIK MAYMUN FIL QUSH PARRANDA TOVUQ XO'ROZ JO'JA O'RDAK G'OZ KURKA INDYUK / INDUK KAKLIK BEDANA BURGUT LOCHIN BOYO'G'LI / BOYQUSH TOVUS OQQUSH TURNA LAYLAK BULBUL

n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

dog puppy, dog cat rabbit, hare hare squirrel mouse rat mole hedgehog lion lion tiger bear wolf fox deer deer, gazelle monkey elephant bird bird hen, chicken cock, rooster chick duck goose turkey turkey partridge quail eagle falcon owl peacock swan crane stork nightingale

95

KAPTAR / KABUTAR QALDIRG'OCH CHUMCHUQ HAKKA ZAG'IZG'ON KAKKU QARG'A BALIQ ILON KALTAKESAK QURBAQA / BAQA CHO'LBAQA TOSHBAQA TIMSOH AJDAR QURT CHUVALCHANG HASHAROT PILLA PASHSHA CHIVIN ARI ASALARI CHUMOLI QUMURSQA TERMIT KAPALAK CHIGIRTKA QO'NG'IZ SUVARAK TARAKAN BURGA BIT KANA QANDALA O'RGIMCHAK

n n n n n n n n n ilon-chayon n n n n n n n qurt-qumursqa n n ipak qurti n n n n ari uyasi n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

dove, pigeon swallow sparrow magpie magpie cuckoo crow fish snake reptiles lizard frog toad turtle, tortoise crocodile dragon worm, grub, caterpillar insects earthworm, worm insect silkworm cocoon (of silkworm) fly mosquito fly wasp, bee wasp's nest (honey)bee ant (small) ant termit butterfly locust, grasshopper beetle cockroach cockroach flea louse tick bug spider

96

CHAYON MIKROB BAKTERIYA VIRUS UYA IN

n shilliq qurt n n n n n

scorpion snail microbe bacteria virus nest; lair; (spider)web (mouse) hole; nest; lair

97

Humans
KISHI n er kishi xotin kishi bir kishi biror kishi adj adj | numX ~ NY ODAM odamiy odamgarchilik ODAMZOD INSON insoniy insoniyat insonparvar BIROV JON NAFAR SHAXS shaxsiy shaxsan CHAQALOQ GO'DAK go'daklik BOLA bolalik bolalarcha O'G'IL (o'g'l+i) n adj n n n adj n n n n meas n adj adv n n go'dak bola n n n bolalik davri ad n adj o'g'il bola o'g'il bolalik KICHKINTOY QIZ qizcha O'SPIRIN o'spirinlik O'SMIR o'smirlik YIGIT yigitlik YOSH yoshlik n n qiz bola n n n n n n n n yoshlar n person, people, fellow man woman somebody, anybody somebody, anybody (unspecified) human share, portion (for someone) a Y (set up, room) of/for X persons man, person, human being humane humaneness, humanity human kind, human beings human being, person human mankind, humanity humanist somebody people, soul (counted) person, people individual, person individual, private personally baby, infant baby, infant, toddler baby infancy child young (of animals) childhood childhood (time of) childish(ly) boy boy, male (child) boy manliness little boy, kid girl, maiden daughter girl (child) little girl youth, teenager teens, adolescent years youth, adolescent adolescent years young man, young fellow youth young person, youngster young people youth

kishilik

98

yosh-yalanglar KATTA BALOG'AT adj n balog'atga yetbalog'atga yetgan odam v.int adj n n, adj n, adj n adj n, adj n n erkak-ayol JUVON QARI qarilik qariya keksalik keksayBOBOY CHOL MO'YSAFID KAMPIR n xotin-qiz n n n qari-qartang n v.int keksaygan n n n n

young people grown up come of age, majority come of age, attain one's majority adult ripen, grow grow, come of age mature, forward maturity man, male husband, man man, male virility, manliness virile, manly woman, female woman wife womanizer men and women young (married) woman women old, aged person old age elderly person old people old age grow old, get old old people old man old man old man old woman

yetilYETUK yetuklik ER ERKAK erkaklik / erkakchilik erkakcha AYOL XOTIN xotinparast

99

Health and Medicine

SOG' sog'lik sog'aysog'ayt/ sog'aytirSOG'LOM sog'lomlik sog'lomlashsog'lomlashtirSALOMAT salomatlik SIHAT adj n v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t adj n v.int v.t adj n sog'-salomat n sihat tophifzi sihat sihat-salomatlik GIGIYENA GIGIYENIK tuzaltuzatQUTULKASAL n adj v.int tuzalib qolv.t v.int | NX+dan ~ n adj kasal bo'lib qoln v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ n adj n v.int n adj adj n v.int adj adj adj n n n v.t v.int n yarador bo'lyarador qilhealthy health recover from X, get better cure, make better healthy, robust, well good, sound health get healthier strengthen, perfect well, healthy health, good shape safe and sound health recover hygiene health hygiene hygienic recover (from an illness) recover (from an illness) heal recover from X illness, sickness, disease, ailment sick person, patient sick, ill fall ill, fall sick illness, disease fall ill, fall sick experience X(=bad situation), fall ill with X(=illness) health, well-being sick, unwell sickness, indisposition fall sick sick person, patient sick, ill, unwell ill, sick illness, sickness be catching, contagious contagious, infectious non-contagious epidemic epidemic symptom complication wound, boil, ulcer, sore wound get wounded wounded get wounded wound

kasallik kasallanUCHRATOB betob betoblik betoblanBEMOR XASTA xastalik YUQyuqumli yuqumsiz EPIDEMIK EPIDEMIYA ASORAT YARA yaralayaralanyarador

100

JAROHAT jarohatli jarohatlajarohatlan-

n jarohat ko'radj v.t v.int lat yelat yetkaz-

wound be injured, be wounded wounded wound get wounded get hurt hurt, cause hurt to damaged, broken, injured, hurt damage, break, injure pus turn septic, become infected septic, infected turn septic, become infected bump, bruise scar swelling abscess, boil ampule rash burn; sunburn burn oneself X have sunstroke sunstroke heal, fever become inflamed become inflamed be painful, hurt, be sore, ache be sick, be ill X(=part of body) hurt, ache fall ill cause to be painful pain, ache, soreness pain in X(=part of body), X ache X(=part of body) hurt, ache sharp pain have a pain painless anesthesia be painful, hurt, be sore, ache X(=part of body) hurt, ache cause to be painful sickness, illness suffering, trouble, pain, distress suffering, sickly painful, distressing suffering suffer suffer feel (perception,sensation,impression) feel bad feel well do not feel well do not feel well

SHIKAST shikastlaYIRING yiringli yiringlaG'URRA CHANDIQ SHISH CHIPQON AMPULA toshma KUY-

adj v.t n yiring bosadj v.int n n n n n n kuyish kuyib qolNX+ni oftob uroftob urish

YALLIG' yallig'lan/ yallig'laGAZAK OG'RI-

n v.int n | gazak olv.int v.int | NX+i ~ og'rib qolv.t n n | NX ~+i NX+ida ~ bor kuchli og'riq og'riq sezadj og'riqsizlantirish v.int v.int | NX+i ~ v.t n adj n azob tortazob chekhis qilo'z+ini yomon his qilo'z+ini yaxshi his qilmaza+si qochmaza+si yo'q

og'ritog'riq

og'riqsiz ZIRQIRAzirqiratDARD dardli AZOB

101

tob+i qochtob+i yo'q bosh+i aylanko'ngl+i aynime'da+si buzilQUSICH v.int n ich+i og'riich+i ketich+i o'tich+i qotib qoln n n isitma+si bor isitma+si chiqsovuq qotTUMOV n adj tumov bo'lib qolv.int shamollash NX+ga sovuq tegYO'TAL YO'TALaksirGRIPP QIZAMIQ KO'KYO'TAL ZOTILJAM INFEKSIYA DIFTERIYA BO'GMA QUTURBEZGAK VABO RAK SPID INFARKT FALAJ KARAXT karaxtlik n v.int v.int n n n n n sariq kasalligi n n v.int quturish n n qand kasalligi n n n n falaj bo'lib qoln karaxt qiln

do not feel well do not feel well be dizzy feel ill (vomit, nausea), be nauseous have an indigestion vomit, be sick stomach, belly (subjective) have a stomach-ache have diarrhea have diarrhea have constipation constipation laxative temperature, fever have a fever have a fever get very cold cold having a cold catch a cold catch a cold cold (X) catch a cold cough cough sneeze flu, influenza measles whooping-cough pneumonia infection hepatitis diphteria diphteria get rabies, be mad rabies malaria cholera diabetes cancer AIDS heart attack paralysis get paralyzed numb make numb numbness

QABZIYAT SURGI isitma

shamolla-

102

QICHIqichishALLERGIYA araqxo'r araqxo'rlik DARMON OJIZ ojizlik ojizona MADOR bemador behol REVMATIZM NOGIRON nogironlik MAYIB

v.int v.int | NX+i ~ v.int qichishish n NX+ga (qarshi) ~+si bor n n n adj NX+i ojiz n ad n mador+i yo'q adj adj n n, adj nogironlar aravachasi n adj mayib bo'lmayib qiln adj v.int v.int adj v.int adj n, adj ko'r qiln adj n, adj kar qiln adj n n, adj n kar-soqov n n v.int ruhiy kasallik n, adj jinni bo'ln

itch X(=part of body) itch feel itchy itch allergy be allergic to X alcoholic, drunkard alcoholism strength remedy weak, helpless, handicapped; blind X(=part of body) be weak weakness helpless(ly), powerless(ly) strength have no strength weak weak, weakened rheumatism disabled, handicapped (person) wheelchair handicap crippled get crippled cripple cripple lame, maimed limp, walk with a limp limp lame limp humpbacked, hunchbacked blind blind blindness squinting, squint-eyed deaf deafen deafness deaf deafness dumb, mute dumbness deaf mute stammerer stammering stammer mental illness mad; madman get crazy, behave stupidly madness, insanity

CHO'LOQ cho'loqlanOQSAoqsoq oqsoqlanBUKRI KO'R ko'rlik G'ILAY KAR karlik GARANG garanglik SOQOV soqovlik DUDUQ duduqlik duduqlanJINNI jinnilik

103

TELBA telbalik telbalantelbalarcha DEVONA devonalik devonavor

adj telba odam yarim telba n v.int adv n, adj n adv kasal ko'r-

crazy, abnormal, senseless madman a little touched crude and rash action, madness get mad madly, crudely and rashly feeble, mad, crazy; madman feebleness, madness madly conduct a medical consultation cure, remedy, medicine find a remedy, a cure for X(=illness) give medicine take medicine incurable treat, cure, heal treatment healer be treated, be healed cure and heal recovery, curing; cure, remedy find a remedy for X(=illness), cure X doctor; healer prescription medicine, drug poison (gun)powder medicine against X(=illness) medicine for X(=part of body) syrup prescription pharmacist, chemist medicinal medecine ingredient (medicinal) herb all sorts of medicine painkiller, anesthetic sedative sleeping pill vitamin aspirin antibiotics poison take poison poison X(=person) poison X, spoil X(=food) poisonous, poisoned poison (person) get poisoned by X(=food) poison, toxic poisonous, toxic pill inject, vaccinate, treat (a patient) injection, vaccination, shot

DAVO

bedavo davoladavolovchi davolanSHIFO shifokor RETSEPT DORI

n NX+ga davo topdavo berdavo oladj v.t davolash n v.int davolamoq va tuzatmoq n NX+ga shifo topn n n n | NX+ga qarshi ~ n | NX uchun ~ suyuq dori dori qog'ozi n adj n dorivor o'simlik dori-darmon og'riq qoldiruvchi tinchlantiruvchi dori uyqu dori

dorigar dorivor

VITAMIN ASPIRIN ANTIBIOTIK ZAHAR

n n n n zahar ichNX+ga zahar berNX+ni zahar qiladj v.t v.int | NX+dan ~ n adj n v.t emlash

zaharli zaharlazaharlanOG'U og'uli TABLETKA EMLA-

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igna berUKOL n ukol qilqon quyish SHPRITS RENTGEN RENTGENOGRAMMA PARHEZ n n rentgendan o'tn n parhez tutparhez qilsanitariya salfyetka PREZERVATIV KONTRASEPSIYA OPERATSIYA n n n operatsiya qiloperatsiya qildirn n n n, adj n n adj n n tish shifokori n ko'z doktori mol doktori tish doktori n n n n n n n n n n n n meditsina punkti TUG'RUQXONA dorixona APTEKA aptekachi n n n n

give an injection injection give an injection transfusion syringe X-rays be X-rayed radiograph avoidance of food; diet diet diet sanitary towel condom contraception operation operate have an operation bandage fillings crown medicine; medical doctor (traditional medicine) medical work, medicine medical medicine doctor; healer dentist doctor occulist veterinarian dentist doctor doctor surgeon surgery surgeon surgery nurse medical orderly sanitation hospital (poly)clinic dispensary, clinic first-aide post, clinic maternity home/clinic chemist's, pharmacy pharmacy pharmacist, chemist

BINT PLOMBA KORONKA MEDITSINA TABIB tabiblik TIBBIY tibbiyot shifokor DOKTOR

HAKIM VRACH JARROH jarrohlik XIRURG xirurgiya HAMSHIRA SANITAR sanitariya kasalxona POLIKLINIKA / KLINIKA shifoxona

105

tez tibbiy yordam tez yordam tez yordam mashinasi tibbiy sug'urta

emergency medical service first aid ambulance medical insurance

106

Perception and Cognition

Perception
SEZv.t | N(gani)X+ni ~ o'z+ini yaxshi sezo'z+ini yomon sezv.int | NX+ga ~ n adj n adj n n (o'z+ini) AX his qiladj n adj adj his-tuyg'u KECHINMA HUSH n n hush+idan kethush+idan ketib qolhush+iga keladj v.int adj behush bo'ladj o'z+idan ketONG ongli onglilik ongsiz KO'Rn adj n adj v.t | N(gani)X+ni ~ ko'rib turko'rib chiqko'rib qolv.int ko'zga ko'rinv.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ NX+ni NY+ga ~+ib berv.int | NX+ga ~ feel that X, have a feeling that X notice X, perceive X feel good feel bad be felt, noticed, perceived by X sense (for perception) sensitive sensitiveness sensitive sensitiveness feeling (perception, sensation, impression) feel X perceptual sense perception, sensation, feeling sensitive (l/f) insensitive (l/f) feelings feeling thought, dream consciousness lose consciousness, faint lose consciousness, faint regain consciousness unconscious lose consciousness unconscious lose consciousness vigilant, attentive, watchful lose consciousness mind; consciousness conscious consciousness unconscious see X examine, look at see, meet observe, watch examine notice be visible, appear, emerge be visible show X to Y show X to Y, point X out to Y, demonstrate indicate X to Y, point X out to Y look at X, watch X, gaze at X look out for X look after X, take care of X depend on X, relate to X, pertain to X have a look to X observe X, watch X

sezilsezgi sezuvchan sezuvchanlik sezgir sezgirlik HIS HISSI TUYG'U tuyg'uli tuyg'usiz

hushsiz hushsizlanbehush HUSHYOR

ko'rinko'rgazko'rsatQARA-

NX+ga qarab boqNX+ga qarab tur-

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NAZAR

n NX+ga ~ solNX+ga ~ tashlaNX+ga nazar tushNX+ning nazar+iga tush-

glance, look opinion, view glance at X glance at X notice be noticed by X notice, observe examine X, have a look on X glance at X look through, examine look at X, watch X, gaze at X take care of X, bring up X peep at X, watch X, look at X observe, watch, survey observer stare at X sharp-eyed blind blind blindness hear X listen to be heard listener listen to deaf deafen deafness deaf deafness smell, odour; scent (X) smell (X emanate an odour) (X) smell (X emanate an odour) smell X (perceive an odour) scented, odorous scentless, odourless smell (perceive an odour) scent, smell smell (X emanate an odour) smell, sniff at scent, smell fragrant, aromatic fragrance perfume, fragrance, scent stink, smell get rotten, get putrid get rotten, get putrid stinky, evil-smelling evil smell stink, stench

PAYQA-

v.t NX+ga ko'z tashlaNX+ga ko'z tushNX+ni ko'zdan kechir-

BOQMO'RALAKUZATkuzatuvchi tikilKO'R ko'rlik ESHITeshitileshituvchi TINGLAKAR karlik GARANG garanglik HID

v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t n v.int | NX+ga ~ ko'z+i o'tkir n, adj ko'r qiln v.t | N(gani)X+ni ~ v.int n v.t n, adj kar qiln adj n n NX+ning ~+i kelNX+ning ~+i taratNX+ning ~+i sezadj adj v.t n NX+ning ~+i kelv.t n adj xushbo'y hid n v.int sasib qoladj sassiq hid n

hidli hidsiz hidlaIS ISKABO'Y xushbo'y ATIR SASISASSIQ sassiqlik

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OG'RIog'ritog'riq og'riqsiz ZIRQIRAzirqiratDARD dardli hamdard AZOB

v.int v.int | NX+i ~ v.t n n | NX ~+i NX+ida ~ bor adj v.int v.int | NX+i ~ v.t n adj adj | NX+ga ~ n azob tortazob chekNX+ga ~ berv.t v.int n uqubat ichida uqubat ostida azob-uqubat azob-uqubat tortazob-uqubat chekazob-uqubatli

be painful, hurt, be sore, ache X(=part of body) hurt, ache cause to be painful pain, ache, soreness pain in X(=part of body), X ache X(=part of body) hurt, ache painless be painful, hurt, be sore, ache X(=part of body) hurt, ache cause to be painful suffering, trouble, pain, distress painful, distressing sympathetic towards X suffering suffer suffer torture X cause suffering, torment suffer from torment suffering, hardship in suffering, in hardships in suffering, in hardships sufferings, hardships, distress suffer suffer making suffer, hard, distressful suffering, hardship, torment suffer harass, torture, torment suffer torture, torment of X harassment, torture, torment torture, suffering suffer torture, ill-treat torture, ill-treat toilsome, hard

azoblaazoblanUQUBAT

AZIYAT QIYNAqiynalqiynoq JAFO

n aziyat chekv.t v.int | NX+dan ~ n n jafo tortNX+ga ~ ko'rsatNX+ga jafo et-/qiladj

jafoli

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Mind
ONG IDROK idrokli idroksiz MIYA n n idrok qiladj adj n miya+si qotTAMIZ betamiz ZEHN zehnli zehniy AQL n adj n adj adj n aql+i kam aql+i adashaql+i ozaql+ini yo'qotib qo'yadj n adj adj adj n aql-idrok ESLI ZAKOVAT zakovatli DONO donolik DONISHMAND donishmandlik HIKMAT hikmatli behikmat FAHM fahmli befahm fahmlaKALTAFAHM kaltafahmlik uquv uquvli FAROSAT farosatli O'TKIR ZIYRAK ziyraklik MUG'OMBIR mug'ombirlik hiylagar adj n adj adj n n n n adj adj n adj adj v.t adj n n adj n adj adj adj n adj n mug'ombirlik qiladj mind; consciousness intelligence, sense, reason perceive sensible, intelligent unreasonable brain, marrow brain, mind be at a loss mind, reason silly, simple, stupid mind, intellect clever, bright intellectual intelligence, mind stupid, foolish get muddled go out of one's mind lose one's reason intelligent, clever, wise intelligence (in action), cleverness intellectual intelligent, wise stupid, silly stupidity, silliness mind, intelligence intelligent, wise intelligence, wisdom intelligent, wise wise, learned, sagacious wisdom, learning, sagacity wise man wisdom, learning wisdom, sapience wise (of words) without wisdom sharpness, sensibleness sharp, sensible, quick-witted silly, simple, stupid understand, grasp stupid, limited stupidity understanding, ability talented, intelligent ingenuity, shrewdness, penetration wise, shrewd keen, clever, smart, alert shrewd, witty, astute shrewdness, astuteness sly, cunning sliness, cunning use cunning, pretend sly, cunning

aqlli aqllilik aqliy boaql aqlsiz aqlsizlik

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epchil epchillik ABJIR abjirlik CHAQQON chaqqonlik tezkor tezkorlik serharakat DAHO GENIY GENIAL AHMOQ ahmoqlik ahmoqona TENTAK tentaklik ABLAH ablahlarcha BEHUDA QO'POL qo'pollik ES

adj n adj n ad n adj n adj n n adj adj n adj adj n n adj adv ad adj n n es+ida tutes+ida saqlaesga olib qo'yes+iga soles+ida bor es+ida yo'q es+iga tushes+iga kel(di)es+idan chiq(ar)esdan chiqarib VX es+i ketn v.t eslab qolv.t eslatib otn n yod+ida tutyod+ida saqlayod olyod bilyod+iga tushyod+iga kelyod+idan chiqyod qilv.t yodlab oladv n

clever, smart, ingenious cleverness, smartness, ingenuity skilful, dexterous, deft skill, dexterity, deftness quick(ly), skilful, nimble quickness, nimbleness quick, deft, efficient, effective quickness, deftness, efficiency, effectiveness quick, deft, smart genious genious of genious stupid, foolish stupidity, foolishness stupid, foolish (action, words) silly, stupid, foolish silliness, stupidness, foolishness scoundrel, bastard foolish, stupid foolishly, stupidly foolish(ly) coarse, vulgar coarseness, vulgarity memory mind keep in mind, bear in mind keep in mind, bear in mind memorize remind (about) remember do not remember remember, come to mind remember, come to mind forget forget to X lose one's head keepsake, memento remember, recall, bear in mind memorize remind mention notes, record memory keep in mind, bear in mind keep in mind, bear in mind learn by heart know by heart remember, come to mind remember, come to mind forget learn by heart memorize learn by heart by heart keepsake, souvenir

esdalik eslaeslateslatma YOD

yodlayodaki yodgor / yodgorlik

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ZIKR XOTIRA

n NX+da zikr qiln NX+ning ~+si uchun xotira+sida xotira+si tutxotira+si saqlaxotira+siga kelxotira+sidan chiqNX+ni xotira+sidan chiqarnazarda tutko'zda tut-

remembrance, recollection remember (about) X memory (as a capacity) in memory of X remember memorize memorize remember, come to mind forget forget X keep in mind, take into account keep in mind, consider, consider the interest of anticipate notation, mark, record note down, register notes, abstract write down, note down forget be forgotten unforgettable absent-minded, inattentive absent-mindedness, inattention feeling thought, dream dream dream dream about X rave, have nightmares nightmare imagination, fantasy, dream thought, view memory in my thoughts imagine, remember fond dream, fantasy imagine, dream imagine, dream illusion, idle fancy, wild dream imaginary, utopic dreamer dreamy, thoughtful dreamer imagination imagine, have an idea about X thought, thinking think of, consider, have in mind guess, find out think about think over meditate consider together pensive, thoughtful

QAYD KONSPEKT YOZUNUTunutilunutuvchan unutuvchanlik KECHINMA TUSH

n qayd et-/qiln yozib qo'yv.t v.int unutilmas adj n n n tush ko'rNX tush+iga kirv.int bosinqirash n xayol+ida xayol+iga keltirshirin xayol xayol qilxayol surxom xayol adj n adj n n NX+ni tasavvur et-/qiln v.t o'ylab topo'ylab ko'ro'ylab qo'yv.int v.int adj

BOSINQIRAXAYOL

xayoliy xayolparast xayolchan xayolkash TASAVVUR O'Y o'yla-

o'ylano'ylasho'ychan

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FIKR

fikrlafikrlashTAFAKKUR tushuncha nazariy nazariya nazariyachi amaliy amaliyot MAVHUM KONKRET SUBYEKTIV OBYEKTIV MANTIQ mantiqiy LOGIK logika ASOS CHAMA chamalaTUSMOL tusmollaTAXMIN taxminlaFARAZ faraziy farazan GIPOTEZA ISBOT isbotlaDALIL

n NX ustida ~ yuritn | NX haqida / to'g'risida ~ fikr qilv.int v.int n n adj n n adj n adj ad adj adj n adj adj n n n | NX+ga ~ n chama+sida v.t n v.int tusmollab VX n VX+ishini taxmin qilv.t n CX deb faraz qiladj adv n n isbot bo'lisbot et-/qilv.t isbotlab bern NX+ga ~ bor NX+ga ~ ko'rsatNX+ga ~ keltiradj adj v.t n xulosa chiqarxulosa qilv.t

thought, idea think deeply, reflect on X opinion, view about X think think, reflect exchange points of view thought, reflection notion, concept theoretical theory theorician practical practice abstract concrete(ly) subjective objective logic logical logical logic basis, foundation, ground reason for X, basis for X estimation, reckoning, opinion in X's reckoning, in Xs opinion estimate, guess guess, supposition guess, suppose do X tentatively, at random supposition, guess, assumption suppose, assume that X suppose, assume supposition, hypothesis suppose X, make an assumption hypothetical as a supposition hypothesis proof get proved prove prove prove proof, evidence there is a proof to X prove X prove X proved unproved prove conclusion, summary, result draw a conclusion from conclude, summarize conclude, summarize

dalilli dalilsiz dalillaXULOSA xulosala-

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SIR

sirli YASHIRyashirinyashirin yashirincha g'oyibona YOPMAXFIY o'g'rincha BEKINBEKITIZLAizlanizlanish QIDIRAXTARTINTItintuv TOP-

n sir saqlasir ochsir-siroat adj v.t v.int adj adv adv v.t adj adv v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t v.t v.int n v.t qidirish v.t v.t n tintuv qilv.t qidirib topizlab topv.int n n kashf et-/qiln v.t ochib yuborv.int ochilish adj adj | NX+ga ~ oshkora bo'loshkora qiln fosh qilfosh qilinNX+ni ko'zdan kechir-

secret, mystery keep a secret disclose, reveal a secret secrets secret, mysterious hide, conceal hide, take refuge secret secretly being invisible, secretly cover up, hide clandestine, secret stealthily, secretly, covertly hide from X shut, lock hide look for, search for (esp. sth lost) be searched for research look for, seek research look for, search for search search search, go through find, discover, detect gain, earn, get think, consider, find (search and) find (search and) find be found, discovered, earned find discovery, invention discover, invent discovery, invention open uncover, discover, disclose uncover, disclose be disclosed, come out discovery open, overt evident, clear to X be revealed, disclosed, made public reveal, disclose, make public publicity reveal, expose, disclose be revealed, exposed, disclosed look through, examine examine, look at look out for X observe, watch, survey observer

topiltopildiq KASHF kashfiyot OCHochilOSHKORA

oshkoralik

KO'RQARAKUZATkuzatuvchi

v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t n

114

TEKSHIRtekshirish tekshiriltekshiruvchi TERGAtergov SURISHTIRSINAsinalsinov TAJRIBA

v.t tekshirib ko'rn tekshirish qilv.int n v.t n tergov qilv.t v.t sinab ko'rv.int sinalgan n sinovdan o'tkazn NX ustida ~ tajriba qil-

examine, test, check research, investigate check, verify examination, research, inspection examine, check, investigate be examined, investigated inspector, tester, investigator question, investigate, cross-examine inquiry, investigation inquire, investigate investigate, trace, cross-examine try, experiment, test; examine try, test be tried, tested, examined tested, examined reliable, experienced trial, experiment, examination, test test, experiment experiment, test experience experiment, test on X experiment, test compare X with Y comparative compare X with Y compare Xs with each other compare X with Y compare Xs with each other comparison compare X with Y comparative compare differences between X and Y distinguish Xs from each other distinguish mix together, mingle mix X with Y, confuse X with Y mix up X (with each other), confuse X analysis analyze problem, question raise a problem (mathematics) problem enigma; problem enigmatic enigma, problem riddle sided, sidedly be solved, settled solve, settle resolve (problems) solution elucidate, clear up clarify, clear up

SOLISHTIRsolishtirma CHOG'ISHTIRTAQQOSLAQIYOS qiyosiy qiyoslaFARQ farqlaQORISHqorishtirTAHLIL MASALA MISOL MUAMMO muammoli JUMBOQ topishmoq tomonlama HAL YECHyechim haqiqatla-

v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ adj v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.t | NX+larni bir-biriga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ NX+larni bir-biriga ~+b ko'rn NX+ni NY+ga qiyos et-/qiladj v.t n | NX bilan NY orasida ~ NX+ni bir-biridan farq qilv.t v.int v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ NX+ni (bir-birlari bilan) ~ n tahlil qil-/etn masala qo'yn n adj n n adj hal bo'lhal qil-/etv.t n haqiqat qilv.t

115

oydinlashoydinlashtir/ oydinlatTUSHUNtushuntirtushuncha tushunarli tushunarsiz tushunmovchilik ANGLAanglashilmovchilik fahmlaUQuqtiruquv AQL CHALG'Ichalg'itBASHORAT

v.int v.t v.t v.t n adj adj n v.t n v.t v.t v.t n aql+i adashv.int v.t oldindan sezn

get explained, get clear make clear, resolve understand, grasp explain, expound, illustrate notion, concept understanding, comprehension easy to understand incomprehensible misunderstanding understand misunderstanding understand, grasp understand make understand, explain understanding, ability get muddled get muddled, lose the train of thought muddle up sense, foresee, anticipate prediction, prophecy

116

Knowledge
BILv.t VX+ishni ~ VX+ganini ~ bilmay / bilmasdan bilar-bilmas bilish bilish+icha n v.int v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ bildirmasdan n n adj adj n adj adj | NX+ga ~ NX+ga ~ ki CY NX+ni NY+ga ma'lum qiln adj adj adj v.t v.t | (NX+dan) ~ tanishga o'xshan tanishlar adj | NX+ga ~ adj v.int tanilmagan v.int | NX bilan ~ adj | NX bilan ~ yod qilyod(dan) aytyod(dan) bilyodlab oln g'aflatda qoln adj | NX+ga ~ adj n adv adj n n adj adj know, comprehend know how to X know that X unknowingly without being sure, hastily know-how to one's knowledge ignorance reveal itself, be known make X known to Y, inform Y of X express X to Y secretly educated, skilled knowledge, education learned ignorant ignorance of great learning known to certain (known but not specified) (X) know that Y inform Y of X, make X known to Y knowledge, learning, education information, news, report; data well-educated, well-read without much learning unknown know, be acquainted with recognize (from X) look/sound familiar acquaintance acquaintances familiar with X unknown, unfamiliar be known be recognized unknown get acquainted with X well-known, famous for X learn by heart recite know by heart learn by heart ignorance remain in ignorance ignorance unknown to X, alien to X ignorant, fool ignorance out of ignorance ignorant, unrefined ignorance, lack of refinement experiment, test experience experienced inexperienced

bilmaslik bilinbildirbilarmon bilim bilimli bilimsiz bilimsizlik bilimdon MA'LUM

ma'lumot ma'lumotli ma'lumotsiz noma'lum TANItanish notanish taniltanishtaniqli

yodlaG'AFLAT JAHOLAT YOT NODON nodonlik nodonlarcha JOHIL johillik TAJRIBA tajribali tajribasiz

117

sinalPISHpishiq pishiqlaMASHHUR SHUHRAT OTOQLI

sinalgan v.int adj v.t adj n adj NX+ning ot+i chiqnom chiqarn adj n n n, adj adv adj adj | NX VY+ishi ~ bo'lishi mumkin (bo'lgan) n adj n n adj ad n har ehtimolga qarshi n v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | N(gani)X+ga ~ chamasi CX adv | CX ~ adj | VX+sa ~ ad n adj adj n v.t adj ad turgan gap adj adj n

tested, examined reliable, experienced get mature, experienced experienced, strong review, prepare famous, well-known fame, glory famous, well-known become famous become famous fame, prestige famous, prestigious fame, glory fame, (good) reputation dishonour(able), (with) bad reputation certainly, definitely, of course possible (Y) be possible for X (whose existence is) possible possibility impossible possibility possibility, opportunity impossible probable(ly), possible(ly) probability, possibility just in case probability be like X, resemble X it seems/looks as if X it seems that X apparently X, it seems/looks as if X probably, might, perhaps clear(ly), obvious(ly) precise(ly), exact(ly) definite(ly), absolute(ly) clarity precision unclear imprecise, vague unclear, imprecise vague obscurity, imprecision vagueness clarify, clear up, make sure clear, obvious, distinct certain(ly), definite(ly), inevitable(y) definite, certain fixed, determined, arranged unclear, imprecise, vague untidy, muddle-headed imprecision, vagueness untidiness

DONG dongdor DOVRUQ OVOZA badnom ALBATTA MUMKIN mumkinlik nomumkin IMKON imkoniyat imkonsiz EHTIMOL ehtimollik O'XSHACHAMA SHEKILLI KERAK ANIQ aniqlik aniqsiz noaniq noaniqlik aniqlaYAQQOL MUQARRAR TAYIN betayin betayinlik

118

RAVSHAN ravshanlanTA'KID ta'kidlaMUJMAL mujmallik BALKI / BALKIM SHUBHA shubhali shubhasiz shubhalashubhalanshubhalantirGUMON dargumon gumondor gumonsiraTO'G'RI

ad v.int n v.t adj n adv n adj adj adv v.t v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t | NX NY+ni ~ n NY+dan NX+ning ~+i bor NX+dan gumon qiladj adj | NX+dan ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ adj to'ppa-to'g'ri N(ish)X+ga to'g'ri keln adj v.t adj v.t n haqli bo'lhaqli emas n haqiqatdan haqiqatdan aytganda adv adv adj adj ad rostini aytganda rostmi? rost! adv n rost gap adj adv | ~ CX? n adj xato qiln adj adj

clear(ly), clear-cut become clearer obviousness, evidence state a fact, make clear, stress indeterminate, vague, indefinite vagueness, indefiniteness perhaps, maybe doubt, suspicion dubious, suspicious (facts, people) beyond doubt, sure (facts, people) surely, no doubt doubt, suspect be doubtful, be suspicious about X (Y) have doubts about X suspicion, doubt (about people) (X) be suspicious of Y suspect X, doubt X doubtful, suspect suspicious, dubious about X be suspicious, be doubtful about X straight right, correct, true honest, sincere, upright (man or words) perfectly right, correct it is suitable to X; it is necessary to X rightness, correctness wrong, incorrect, false correct, put right good, regular, fair proper, correct, accurate regulate, tune, put right truth, reality right(s) be right be wrong truth, reality in truth, indeed to tell the truth in truth, indeed as a matter of fact true, real just, appropriate true(ly), real(ly), factual to tell the truth really? really! really, indeed truth, reality, facts the truth real practicable, workable really, X? error, mistake, fault wrong, faulty, false, erroneous make a mistake error, mistake, faulse without error / mistake, faultless without error / mistake, faultless

to'g'rilik noto'g'ri to'g'rilaDURUST durustlaHAQ haqli HAQIQAT haqiqatan darhaqiqat HAQIQIY HAQQONIY ROST rostdan rostlik REAL NAHOTKI XATO xatolik xatosiz bexato

119

ADASHadashtirYANGLISH yanglishsiz YANGLISHYOLG'ON

v.int | NX+dan ~ adashib qolv.t adj adj v.int | NX+dan ~ n yolg'on gapiryolg'on so'zlayolg'on-yashiq n adj n v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ v.t | N(ish)X+ga ~ v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ v.t | N(ish)X+ga ~ n v.t | N(ish)X+ni ~ v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ o'rganish v.t | N(ish)X+ga NY ~ n | NX+dan ~ mashq qilN(ish)X+ni mashq qilmashq qildiradj v.t v.t n v.t v.int n n n n adj n n NX+ga ~ berta'lim ko'rn n adj n adj v.t n ta'lim-tarbiya

lose X(= path l/f) err, be mistaken about X get lost mislead, lead astray incorrect, wrong, erroneous without error, correct be mistaken about X lie, falsehood lie, tell lies lie, tell lies pack of lies, nonsense liar untrue, false habit custom, usage get used to X, make a habit of X accustom to X, get used to X get used to X, get accustomed to X, put up with X accustom to X, get used to X habit learn X, study X get used to X, grow accustomed to X learning, studies teach Y to X (X) exercise, practice train, exercise practise X train, exercise revision repeat review, revise (lessons) read study, read reading studies, lessons teach be taught teacher, lecturer study, education, training pupil learning, knowledge learned, well-read task, operation studies teaching, education, guidance teach X, instruct X receive education, instruction education upbringing, education, training brought up, educated educational, training uneducated bring up, educate, train instructor, trainer, educator training, education

yolg'onchi YOLG'ONDAKAM ODAT odatlanodatlantirKO'NIKko'niktirko'nikma O'RGANO'RGATMASHQ

takroriy takrorlaO'QIo'qish o'qito'qitilo'qituvchi o'quv o'quvchi o'qimishlik o'qimishli mashg'ulot TA'LIM ta'limot TARBIYA tarbiyali tarbiyaviy tarbiyasiz tarbiyalatarbiyachi

120

yetishtiryetishtirilPRAKTIKA MAORIF maorifchi MA'RIFAT ma'rifatparvarlik PEDAGOG pedagogik pedagogiya

v.t v.int n n n n n n adj n boshlang'ich ma'lumot o'rta ma'lumot oliy ma'lumot

bring up (children); breed, raise (animals) be brought up (children); be bred, raised (animals) training period, training course education educationist, educator learning, scholarship, enlightenment enlightening pedagogue pedagogical pedagogy primary education secondary education higher education explain, expound, illustrate explanations, directions be explained lesson, class have lessons teach X(=subject) testbook lesson (l/f) have a lesson, learn teach classmate, fellow student dictation lecture homework homework material(s) (physical / documents) postscript, footnote explanation, commentary explain X to Y, give explanation explain, comment, interpret commentary, interpretation, explanation give a commentary on, explain give a commentary on, explain commentator, interpreter footnote, note, comment kindergarten school, elementary school elementary school secondary school university go to school, attend school start, enter school alumnus, alumna middle school, junior high school secondary school, high school technical college institution of higher learning, technical college university university faculty

tushuntirtushuntirilDARS darslik SABOQ saboqdosh DIKTANT LEKSIYA

v.t tushuntirish v.int n dars olNX+dan ~ bern n saboq olsaboq bern n n uy ishi uy vazifasi

MATERIAL IZOH izohot izohlaSHARH sharhlasharhlovchi ESKARTMA MAKTAB

n n n NY+ga NX haqida ~ berv.t n sharh qilv.t n n bolalar bog'chasi n boshlang'ich maktab o'rta maktab oliy maktab maktabga bormaktabga kirn n n n bilim yurti n n n

maktabdosh KOLLEJ LITSEY texnikum UNIVERSITET DORILFUNUN FAKULTET

121

INSTITUT AKADEMIK AKADEMIYA tajribaxona LABORATORIYA RASADXONA OBSERVATORIYA SINF sinfdosh sinfxona o'quvxona STIPENDIYA KURS kursdosh IMTIHON

n o'quv yurti n n n n n n n n n n n n n n kirish imtihonlari bitirish imtihonlari imtihon topshirimtihon berNX+dan ~ olimtihondan o'timtihondan yiqiladj kontrol ish yozma ish

institute educational establishment, learning institution academic academy laboratory laboratory observatory observatory class (social, school, transport) classroom classmate classroom classroom scholarship (money), grant course, school year schoolmate, fellow student examination entrance examinations graduation examinations take an examination take an examination examine X(=student) pass an exam fail one's exam without examination test, assessment written test pass X(=exams, tests) try, experiment, test; examine be tried, tested, examined trial, experiment, examination, test finish, complete graduate from, finish (school) finish, complete graduate, finish school end, finish graduate graduate from, finish (school) diploma, degree pupil teacher, lecturer student student (mainly traditional) teacher teacher (female) student student (female) post-graduate student post-graduate study professor professor, teacher, master

imtihonsiz

O'TSINAsinalsinov tugatbitirTAMOM tamomlaDIPLOM o'quvchi o'qituvchi TOLIB TALABA MUALLIM muallima STUDENT studentka ASPIRANT aspirantura PROFESSOR DOMLA

v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t v.int n v.t v.t n tamom qilv.t n n n n n n n n n n n n n

122

MURABBIY murabbiya USTOZ ustozlik SHOGIRD shogirdlik USTA ustalik IXTISOS ixtisosli ixtisoslanMUTAXASSIS mutaxassislik SAVOD savodli savodsiz savodsizlik savodxon CHALASAVOD MULLA FAN fanniy ILM ilmli ilmiy ilmsiz ilmparvar TADQIQ tadqiqot tadqiqotchi TEXNIK texnika TEXNOLOGIYA injenerlik HUNAR hunarli MOHIR mohirlik mohirona MAHORAT mahoratli mahoratsiz MALAKA malakali ZIYOLI

n n n NY+ga NX+da ~ qiln n n adj | NX+ga ~ n n ixtisos oladj v.int | NX+da ~ n | NX bo'yicha ~ n n adj adj n n n n n adj n adj adj ilmiy xodim ilmiy izlanish adj adj ilm-fan n tadqiq qil-/etn n adj n n n n n adj adj n adv n adj adj n adj adj, n

tutor governess tutor, teacher be Y's teacher in X apprentice apprenticeship foreman, master worker expert in X, skilled in X mastery, skills speciality specialize specialized specialize in X expert, specialist in X expertise literacy literate illiterate illiteracy literate man semi-literate learned man, literate man science scientific science, learning having great learning scientific, academic scientific worker, research worker scientific research uneducated craving for knowledge sciences research, study, analysis research, study, investigate research, survey researcher technical technician, mechanic technique, technology technique, art, skill technology engineering craft, handicraft, profession, trade skill, talent skilled skilful, masterly, clever skill skilfully, masterfully, cleverly skill, mastery, technical ability highly skilled, masterly unskilled qualifications qualified, skilled intellectual

123

MUTAFAKKIR mutafakkirlik OLIM olima olimlik izlanuvchi DOKTOR HAKIM DISSERTATSIYA ENSIKLOPEDIK ENSIKLOPEDIYA QOMUS SOHA TARMOQ FALSAFA FAYLASUF tabiatshunos tabiatshunoslik tabiiyot MATEMATIK matematika GEOMETRIYA ALGEBRA FIZIK FIZIKA XIMIK XIMIYA KIMYO kimyoviy kimyogar FALAKIYOT falakiyotchi ASTRONOM astronomik astronomiya GEOLOG geologik geologiya BIOLOG biologik biologiya BOTANIK botanika hayvonotshunos hayvonotshunoslik ZOOLOG zoologik zoologiya

n n n n n n n n n adj n n n n n n n n n n adj n n n n adj n n adj n n adj n n n n adj n n adj n n adj n n adj n n n n adj n

thinker, intellectual wisdom, intellect scholar, scientist (female) scholar, scientist scholarship, erudition researcher, research worker doctor doctor thesis encyclopaedic encyclopaedia encyclopaedia, dictionary domain, field branch, domain philosophy philosopher naturalist natural science natural science mathematician mathematical mathematics geometry algebra physicist physical physics chemist chemical chemistry chemistry chemical chemist (Middle Ages) astronomy (Middle Ages) astronom astronom astronomic(al) astronomy geologist geological geology biologist biological biology botanist botanical botany zoologist zoology zoologist zoological zoology

124

MEDITSINA TIBBIY tibbiyot ANTROPOLOG antropologiya PSIXOLOG psixologik psixologiya SOTSIOLOG sotsiologik sotsiologiya tilshunos tilshunoslik TARIX tarixchi tarixshunos ARXEOLOG arxeologik arxeologiya JUG'ROFIY jug'rofiya jug'rofiyashunos GEOGRAF geografik geografiya sharqshunos sharqshunoslik EKONOMIK ekonomika EKONOMIST

n, adj adj tibbiy ilm tibbiy olim n ijtimoiy fanlar n n n adj n n adj n n n n n n n adj n adj n n n adj n n n adj n n iqtisod fani siyosiy fanlar

medicine; medical medical medical science medical scientist medicine social sciences anthropologist anthropology psychologist psychological psychology sociologist sociologic sociology linguist linguistics history historian historian archeologist archeological archeology geographic geography geographer geographer geographic geography orientalist orientalism economic economics economist economics political science

125

Meaning and Spirit

Opinion
FIKR n n | NX haqida / to'g'risida ~ fikr+icha fikr almashv.int n mulohaza qiladj adj n nazar+ida nuqtai nazar NX+ni nazar+iga ilma(ko'z) qarash DUNYOQARASH qaraganda KO'RA n post | NX+ga ~ post | N(ish)X+ga ~ post | NX+dan ~ qat'iyan TOPSANAhisoblahisoblano'ylaadv uzil-kesil v.t CX deb ~ v.t | CX deb ~ v.int | NX ~ CX deb o'ylaNX+ni NY deb o'ylaNX+ni NY deb bilv.t v.int n N(ish)X+ga ko'z+i yetoldindan ko'rISHONishontirishonarli ishonch ishonchli ishonchsiz INONinontirv.int | N(ish)X+ga~ v.int | NX+ga ~ ishonish v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ adj n | NX+ga ~ NX+ga ~+i komil bo'ladj adj v.int | NX+ga v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ definitely definite(ly), categorical(ly) think, consider, find at last X, consider that X at last X, consider that X be considered as X think, imagine, believe that X consider X to be Y, regard X as Y think, imagine, believe X to be Y consider X to be Y, regard X as Y think, imagine, believe X to be Y expect be expected surprise see through that X, expect X foresee, anticipate believe in X trust X belief, faith convince X of Y certain, sure (positive) belief, confidence in X be certain of X trustworthy, reliable not trustworthy, unreliable believe in X convince X of Y thought, idea opinion, view about X in one's opinion exchange points of view exchange points of view reflection, consideration opinion, consideration consider sensible, sane unreasonable glance, look opinion, view in one's opinion point of view, opinion don't consider X worth oneself outlook, point of view, opinion world outlook according to X in accordance with X, according to X, because of X in comparison with X

fikrlashMULOHAZA mulohazali mulohazasiz NAZAR

BILKUTkutilkutilmaganlik

126

E'TIQOD e'tiqodli qo'shilkelishkelishtirkelishuv kelishuvchilik kelishmovchilik KO'Nko'ndirMAYL ROZI MA'QUL

n | NX+ga ~ NX+ga ~+i bor adj v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t n n n NX+ning gap+iga kirv.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | N(ish)X+ga ~ mayl bo'lNX+ni NY+ga mayl et-/qiladj | NX+dan ~ adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) adj NX+ga ~ bo'lma'qul topv.t n munozara qiladj adj v.int n adj adj n yakdillik bilan bir og'izdan e'tirof et-/qil-

faith in X, conviction have faith in X, be convinced of X faithful, convinced join X, participate to X agree to X, support X come together agree, reach an agreement on X reconcile, make reach an agreement agreement compromise disagreement, discord agree with X agree to X(=opinion) persuade, convince of X be won over Y win over X pleased, satisfied with X agree to X agreeable, reasonable, suitable pleasable agree with X find reasonable, suitable agree with, approve of dispute, debate, controversy discuss, debate, contend debatable, questionable debatable, questionable discuss, debate, contend divergence, discord divergent, contentious unanimous unanimity unanimously unanimously acknowledge, admit, recognize value, worth valuable, precious worthless, valueless gain in value be worth X worthless worth, value honour, value worthless, valueless esteem, value highly, prize value price, value, worth grade, evaluation, mark evaluate X (as Y) get a (Y) evaluation, receive a (Y) mark in X fix the price evaluate

ma'qullaMUNOZARA munozarali munozarasiz munozaralashIXTILOF ixtilofli YAKDIL yakdillik

QIMMAT qimmatli qimmatsiz qimmatlanARZIQADR qadrsiz qadrlaBAHO

n adj adj v.int v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ arzimagan n adj v.t qadr-qiymat n NX+ga (AY) ~ berNX+dan (AY) ~ olv.t

bahola-

127

YARAyaroqli yaroqsiz qoniqarli qoniqarsiz YAXSHI

v.int | NX+ga ~ yaramas adj | NX+ga ~ adj adj ad ad yaxshi bo'lVX+gani ~ bo'lyaxshisi yaxshi! n v.t adv v.int adj adj adj tuppa-tuzuk n v.t adj a'lo darajada(gi) a'lo darajali n adj adj adj NX+ni qoyil qil-

be fit for X, suit X, be appropriate for X of no use, useless well-suited, suitable; useful for X unsuitable; of no use, useless satisfactory unsatisfactory(ly) good, fine, well, nice, kind improve X come at the right moment it would be best very well!, right!, good! good improve very well, at a high level improve excellent, good, exquisite good, regular, fair proper, correct, accurate correct, good, pleasant, nice absolutely correct correctness, pleasantness correct excellent of high level in quality of high level in quality very good element, high flier of high standard, of high quality wonderful, marvellous wonderful, marvellous, great charming do X admirably, wonderfully good, sound comfortable, cozy, nice quality high grade, high quality low grade, poor quality perfect, complete perfection perfect maturity, perfection attain perfection in X unfinished, incomplete immature, premature advanced, leading; outstanding superior surpass X superiority better than X superiority superiority, advantage bad(ly) bad, wicked, evil get worse

yaxshilik yaxshilayaxshilab yaxshilanSOZ DURUST TUZUK tuzuklik tuzuklaA'LO a'lochi MUMTOZ AJIB AJOYIB

SOG'LOM SHINAM SIFAT sifatli sifatsiz MUKAMMAL mukammallik mukammallashtirKAMOLOT / KAMOL CHALA ILG'OR USTUN ustunlik AFZAL afzallik ortiqlik YOMON yomonlash-

adj adj n adj | (yuqori) ~ adj adj n v.t n NX+da kamolga yetadj adj adj NX+dan ~ keln adj | NX+dan ~ n n ad v.int

128

PAST yaramas AYNIdarajali kamchilik ILLAT illatli illatsiz NUQSON nuqsonli O'RTA o'rtachilik O'RTAMIYONA ULUG' ulug'laulug'vor BUYUK YIRIK SHOH HAYBAT haybatli bahaybat beqiyos IJOBIY SALBIY MUNOSIB MUVOFIQ muvofiqlik LOYIQ BOP nobop o'rinli o'rinsiz HAQQONIY haqqoniyat haqqoniyatsizlik GO'ZAL go'zallik go'zallashgo'zallashtirCHIROY chiroyli

adj adj v.int adj | NX/AX ~ n n adj adj n adj n, adj n adj adj v.t adj adj adj adj n adj adj adj adj adj N(ish)X+ga to'g'ri keladj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) adj | NX+ga ~ n adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) N(ish)X+ga ~ ko'radj adj adj adj adj n n adj n v.int v.t n chiroy+iga chiroy qo'shiladj

low poor, bad improper, unsuitable, poor, mediocre worsen, get worse, go bad up to X's standard default, shortcoming defect, harm, weakness, trouble faulty, defective, weak without defect defect defective centre, middle; central mediocrity mediocre, poor great, tremendous, famous glorify, venerate imposing, majestic great, grand prominent outstanding, main majesty, greatness majestic, imposing, awe-inspiring formidable, frightening, fearsome colossal, huge formidable, frightning, fearsome incomparable, matchless positive, affirmative negative it is suitable to X; it is necessary to X (be) relevant to X, suitable for X, matching X suitable for X, reasonable suitability suitable for X, fit X; deserving X find suitable for X suitable, appropriate unsuitable, inappropriate appropriate, reasonable, justified unappropriate, arbitrary just, appropriate justice, legitimacy, appropriateness inappropriateness beautiful, pretty, attractive beauty, prettiness get more beautiful, attractive beautify, make more attractive beauty grow more attractive beautiful handsome, pretty, good-looking

129

KO'RK ko'rkam ko'rkamlik ko'rkamlashko'rkamlashtirHUSN husndor SULUK JONON BARNO barnolik ko'rinishli HASHAMAT hashamatli XUNUK xunuklik ko'rimsiz badbashara badbasharalik asosiy MUHIM muhimlik AHAMIYAT ahamiyatli ahamiyatsiz JIDDIY jiddiylik jiddiylashOG'IR HAD (had+di)

n adj n v.int v.t n adj adj n adj n adj yaxshi ko'rinishli n adj n adj adj adj n adj adj muhim bo'ln n N(ish)X+ga ~ berahamiyati yo'q adj adj ikkinchi orindagi adj jiddiy ahvol n v.int adj haddan tashqari

beauty, charm beautiful, handsome beauty embellish beautify beauty, charm beautiful, charming beautiful, pretty beautiful woman, beauty pretty, comely prettiness, comeliness pretty, attractive, handsome pretty, nice, handsome magnificence, splendour, lavishness magnificent, splendid, sumptuous, lavish ugly ugliness ugly, unattractive ugly, unattractive ugliness, unattractiveness basic, fundamental; main, principal important import importance significance, importance attach importance to X it does not matter significant, important insignificant, unimportant secondary serious, earnest serious, grave, critical critical situation seriousness, gravity get serious heavy, weighty serious, grave excessive, undue

130

Meaning
MA'NO ma'noli ma'nosiz ma'nodosh n ko'chma ma'no to'g'ri ma'no adj adj n, adj bu nima degan gap? bu nima degani? anglatMAZMUN quruq v.t n adj quruq gap quruq so'z telba-teskari gap BEHUDA ad behuda gaplar behuda so'z BEKOR SAFSATA safsataboz VAYSAvaysaqi adj, n n n n v.int n maza-bemaza gap sotIFODA ifodali ifodasiz ifodalaifodalann ifoda qil-/etadj adj v.t v.int post | NX to'g'risida NX to'g'risidagi HAQ DOIR UST MAVZU TEMA SARLAVHA eslatBELGI belgili belgisiz belgilaNX haq+ida post | NX+ga ~ NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga n n n eslatib otn belgi qo'yadj adj v.t meaning, sense figurative meaning literate meaning meaningful, interesting meaningless, of no significance synonym, synonymous what does it mean? what does it mean? signify sense empty, devoid of content nonsense, empty words nonsense, empty words rubbish, nonsense useless, nonsensical foolish(ly) nonsense, absurdity nonsense, absurdity useless(ness), empty, emptiness nonsense twaddle, idle talk prattler, gossip prattle, talk non-sense, grumble prattler, grumpy nonsense, rubbish talk nonsense expression express expressive inexpressive express express o.s. about X, regarding X about X, regarding X about X, concerning X concerning X, related to X, about X about X subject theme, subject title, heading mention sign, mark mark marked, signalized unmarked, not signalized designate, signify define, fix

131

NISHON nishona nishonlaALOMAT RAMZ ramziy SIMVOL simvolik ISHORA / ISHORAT ishoralaIMO

n n v.t nishonlab qo'yn n adj n adj n ishora qilv.t n imo qilimo-ishora v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ ko'rsatish n ko'z qisn n n gapga usta v.int v.int | NX+cha ~ v.int | NX tilida ~ baland ovoz bilan gapirpast ovoz bilan gapirv.int | bir-biri bilan ~ v.int | NX bilan ~ v.int | NX+da ~ adj n n NX+ga ~ berso'z olso'zga chiqadj v.int v.t v.int v.int n, adj gap-so'z n v.int n

mark, sign target distinction, decoration mark mark mark down sign, mark, indication, omen symbol symbol, emblem symbolic, emblematic symbol symbolic signal; hint make a sign; signal, hint signal, mark signal, secret signal make a sign, signal signs, signals show X to Y, point X out to Y, demonstrate indication indicator, signpost wink code index talk, conversation, utterance, speech matter, affair (to talk about) eloquent talk, speak speak X(=language) speak in X(=language) speak in a loud voice speak in a low voice talk together talk together, speak with X talk in X(=language) smooth talker, eloquent eloquence word words, speech, statement word, promise let X speak take the floor take the floor without saying anything speak, talk tell, narrate talk to o.s. speak to each other, talk together speech; spoken words words, language; promise prattle, chatter, gossip prattler, gossip

ko'rsatko'rsatkich KOD INDEKS GAP gapir-

gapirishgaplashgapdon gapdonlik SO'Z

so'zsiz so'zlaso'zlanso'zlashso'zlashuv LAFZ BIDIRLAsergap

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OG'IZ (og'z+i) OG'ZAKI DE-

meas adj adj v.t | NY+ga CX ~ demak(ki) CX

some (of words) oral oral say X to Y, tell Y X, ask Y to X (X in direct speech, esp. imperative) that is to say X whisper whisper whisper mumbling, muttering without saying anything do not talk, be silent, be quiet keep silent stop talking shut up shut one's mouth silence be silent get silent quiet(ly), still, silent keep quiet very quiet, still, silent quietness, stillness, silence silence, stillness silent, still dumb, mute stammerer stammering stammer eloquent fluent(ly), smooth(ly) tell X to Y recite, sing tell Y that X, say X to Y tell X to Y by the way make X known to Y, inform Y of X express X to Y announcement secretly expression, declaration express, declare

SHIVIR shivirlaPICHIRLAG'IRING INDAGAP

n v.int v.int n g'iring demay v.int | indamaindamay turgapdan to'xtaovoz+ini chiqarmatil+ini qis-

SUKUT

n sukut qil-/etsukut ketad jim turadj n n adj n, adj n n v.int ad

JIM JIMJIT / JIM-JIT jimjitlik SUKUNAT sukunatli SOQOV DUDUQ duduqlik duduqlanRAVON

AYT-

aytganday bildir-

v.t | N(gan)X+ni NY+ga ~ v.t NY+ga CX deb ~ N(gan)X+ni NY+ga aytib beradv v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ bildirish bildirmasdan

IZHOR

n izhor et-/qil-

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XABAR

xabarsiz bexabar xabarlaxabarlashxabarchi xabardor xushxabar AXBOROT

n xabar berxabar berib qo'yNX+dan ~ olxabar qilyangi xabar adj xabarsiz qoladj v.t v.int n adj xabardor bo'ln n NX+ni NY+ga ma'lum qiln NX+ga ~ berma'lumotlar byurosi n n n adv NX haqida eshitn tasvir qil-/etadj v.t v.int n ta'rif qil-

news, information, message pass on a message, inform of pass on a message, inform of hear of X, learn of X report, make know; inform news, information uninformed have no news of uninformed notify, inform keep informed messenger, informer well-informed get informed, be well-informed good news report, communiqu news, information inform Y of X, make X known to Y knowledge, learning, education information, news, report; data give information to X information (office) reference book, directory reference book, directory news, information without trace hear of X, hear about X description, picture, portrait, sketch describe, depict, portray, sketch descriptive describe, depict, portray, sketch be described, depicted, portrayed description definition, specification describe define describe define description describe brief, concise brief(ly), sketchy in detail, fully allegory, metaphor irony metaphoric ironic confirmation, assertion approval, ratification confirm, assert approve, ratify, sanction confirm, assert approve, ratify, sanction be confirmed, asserted be approved, ratified obviousness, evidence state a fact, make clear, stress negation deny

ma'lumot

ma'lumotnoma SPRAVOCHNIK DARAK bedarak ESHITTASVIR tasviriy tasvirlatasvirlanTA'RIF

ta'riflaTAVSIF tavsiflaQISQA qisqacha MUFASSAL KINOYA kinoyali TASDIQ

v.t n v.t adj ad adv n adj n tasdiq qil-

tasdiqlatasdiqlanTA'KID ta'kidlaINKOR

v.t v.int n v.t n inkor qil-/et-

134

TONE'LON DIKTOR NUTQ NOTIQ DOKLAD dokladchi MA'RUZA hisobot

v.int | NX+dan ~ n e'lon qiln oldindan aytn nutq so'zlan n doklad qiln n n kirish so'z so'ng so'z so'z boshi

deny X, disclaim X announcement, declaration; advertisement announce, declare announcer predict, foretell speech, address make a speech, deliver an address orator, speaker report, lecture, address give a lecture speaker, lecturer lecture, report account, report preface conclusion preface, foreword aforementioned following following, under-mentioned conversation, speech have a discussion, talk converse, talk with X converse, talk, have a discussion speaker, interlocutor speaker, interlocutor lively conversation carry on a lively conversation have a friendly discussion, chat lighthearted talk, conversation carry on a lighthearted talk cause X to converse discussion, debate, negotiation discuss, debate discuss, debate discussion, debate discuss, debate discussion, dispute, debate; argument discuss X, dispute, debate, argue about X discuss X, dispute, debate, argue about X dispute, debate, controversy discuss, debate, contend discuss, debate, contend dispute, debate explanation, argumentation explain, argue declaration memorial, petition argue found, base base o.s. on answer back, reply defiantly

boyagi QUYI TUBAN SUHBAT suhbatlashhamsuhbat suhbatdosh GURUNG gurunglashHANGAMA hangamalashGAP MUZOKARA muzokaralashMUHOKAMA BAHS bahslashMUNOZARA tortishtortishuv BAYON bayonot bayonnoma asoslaasoslan-

adj quyidagi tubanda n suhbat o'tkazNX bilan suhbat qilv.int n n n gurung qilv.int n v.int NX+ni gapga soln muzokara qilv.int n muhokama qiln NX ustida bahs etv.int | NX ustida ~ n munozara qilv.int n n bayon qiln n v.t v.int gap qaytar-

135

GAP E'TIROZ e'tirozsiz tushunmovchilik anglashilmovchilik XITOB CHAQIRchaqiriq MUROJAAT SO'RAso'roq so'roqsiz SAVOL

gap+ini bo'lgapni kesn NX qarshi ~ bildirNX qarshi e'tiroz qiladj n n n xitob qil-/etv.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ n n NX+ga murojaat qil-/etv.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ so'rab biln adj n NX+ga ~+i bor NX+ga ~ berNX+dan ~ so'rasavol qo'yadj n n NX+ga ~ berN(ish)X+ga ~ beradv | NX+ga ~ n n n mish-mish gap fisq-fasod n yolg'on gapiryolg'on so'zlayolg'on-yashiq v.t n n adj uydirma gap adj adj n NX+ga bo'hton qiln n NX+ning ust+ida tuhmat qiln

interrupt X interrupt protest, objection object, protest against X object, protest against X without objection misunderstanding misunderstanding exclamation exclaim call X for Y, send for X, summon X call, summons appeal, call, address address oneself to X, make a request to X, call upon X ask X from Y, inquire after X from Y ask for X from Y, request X from Y ask and know question, interrogation without interrogation question have a question for X ask X a question ask X a question ask questions questioning, interrogative questionnaire answer, reply answer, reply to X give permission for X in answer/response to X denouncement, informing; slander informer, telltale; slanderer rumoured, unconfirmed rumour rumors, intrigue; immoral, promiscuous lie, falsehood lie, tell lies lie, tell lies pack of lies, nonsense lie, tell lies liar falsehood made-up, fabricated, invented lies, tale, story false, forged sham, hypocritical false, forged hypocritical slander, calumny slander X slanderer slander, calumny slander X slanderer

savolli ANKETA JAVOB javoban CHAQIM chaqimchi MISH-MISH

YOLG'ON

yolg'onlayolg'onchi yolg'onchilik UYDIRMA SOXTA QALBAKI BO'HTON bo'htonchi TUHMAT tuhmatchi

136

G'IYBAT g'iybatchi TIL

n NX haq+ida g'iybat qiln n NX ~+i NX ~+ida NX ~+idagi chet tili ona tili til+i chiqadj n adj n n n n n NX+ni NY+ga tarjima qilNX+dan NY+ga tarjima qiln n n n n talaffuz qiln n n adj n n n n so'zma-so'z n n n lug'at boylig+i n otoqli ot turdosh ot adj | NX ~ adj n otaning ismi n adj | NX ~ n n

gossip, tittle-tattle, slander gossip about X, slander X gossip, slanderer language, tongue X language(=country, ethnic group) in X language in X language foreign language mother tongue start to talk (of children) silent linguist multilingual, polyglot multilingualism, polyglottism dialect dialect slang, jargon translation translate X into Y translate from X into Y translator, interpreter translation work phonetic phonetics pronunciation pronounce vowel consonant stress, accent stressed, accentuated grammar sentence talk, conversation, utterance, speech sentence, clause, phrase word words, speech, statement word-for-word vocabulary vocabulary dictionary vocabulary (of sb) (given) name noun proper name common name named X famous, well-known (given) name noun middle name (name) list named X anonymous homonymous

tilsiz tilshunos KO'PTILLI ko'ptillilik DIALEKT SHEVA JARGON TARJIMA TARJIMON tarjimonlik FONETIK fonetika TALAFFUZ unli undosh URG'U urg'uli GRAMMATIKA JUMLA GAP SO'Z so'zlik LEKSIKA LUG'AT OT

otli OTOQLI ISM ismlik ismli ismsiz ismdosh

137

NOM

nomli nomlanomlanFAMILIYA DEATAatalatama FE'L SIFAT RAVISH OLMOSH qo'shimcha EGA to'ldiruvchi kelishik tushlanish IBORA MAQOL MATAL YOZyozilyozishyozishma yozuv yozuvchi yozma HARF

n NX+ga ~ berNX+ga ~ qo'yNX nomidagi nom chiqaradj | NX ~ v.t v.int n NX degan v.t | NY+ni NX deb ~ v.int | NX deb ~ n n n n n n n n n n n n n v.t yozib qo'yyozib olv.int v.int n n n ad n bosh harf mayda harf n n adj adj n n n n n n n tinish belgilari

name (of things, places) name X, give a name to X name X, give a name to X named X become famous named X name be named surname, last name called X, named X call Y X, name Y X be called X, be named Y term verb adjective adverb pronoun suffix subject object case conjugation expression, phrase, idiom proverb saying write write down, note down record, register be written, be spelled correspond, write (exchange writings) correspondence writing, script record, inscription, writing writer, author, letter writer written, in writing letter (of alphabet), character capital letter small letter alphabet alphabet cyrillic (alphabet, writing) latin (alphabet, writing) handwriting, script autograph line (of writing) point, full stop, period comma bracket(s), parentheses quotation marks punctuation marks

ALIFBO ALFAVIT KIRILL LOTIN XAT DASTXAT SATR NUQTA VERGUL QAVS QO'SHTIRNOQ

138

so'roq belgisi savol alomati xitob alomati ko'chirko'chirma O'QIo'qilQIROAT DIKTANT IMLO ORFOGRAFIYA v.t ko'chirib yozib oln v.t v.int n qiroat et-/qiln n n

question mark question mark exclamation mark copy (writing) copy out, write out copy read recite, chant be read, recited recitation, chant recite, chant dictation orthography orthography

139

Communication
ALOQA n | NX bilan ~ aloqa bo'limi aloqa vositasi aloqa yo'llari n v.int n n n buyurtma xat zakaznoy xat adj n rasmli xatjild POSILKA TELEGRAMMA FAKS POCHTA n xat-xabar n n faks apparati n pochta bo'limi pochta indeksi pochta qutisi pochta yashigi n n n n n adj n n jo'natma haqi n adj n n jamoat telefoni telefon budkasi telefon hujrasi telefon kitobchasi telefon kitobi telefon nomeri NX+ga telefon qiltelefon qo'ng'irog'i telefon raqami telefon stansiyasi telefon-avtomat uyali telefon xalqaro telefon contact, communication with X post service and telephone service means of communication means of communication communications worker correspond, write (exchange writings) correspondence letter, written message letter handwriting, script registered letter registered letter letter postcard postcard parcel mail, message telegram fax fax machine post, mail post office post office postcode letter-box, mailbox letter-box, mailbox post office worker, mailman post office postman airmail stamp stamped sender sending, shipment postage addressee registered courier, messenger (tele)phone public (tele)phone (tele)phone booth (tele)phone booth (tele)phone directory (tele)phone directory (tele)phone number (tele)phone to X phone call (tele)phone number telephone center public (tele)phone mobile, cell phone international (tele)phone

aloqachi yozishyozishma MAKTUB XAT

xatli OTKRITKA

pochtachi pochtaxona pochtalyon AVIAPOCHTA MARKA markali jo'natuvchi jo'natma oluvchi buyurtma YUGURDAK TELEFON

140

QO'NG'IROQ

n mahalliy qo'ng'iroq mamlakatlararo qo'ng'iroq NX+ga qo'ng'iroq qilshaharlararo qo'ng'iroq xalqaro qo'ng'iroq nomer terraqam ter-

bell local call international call telephone to X, ring X up long distance call international call dial dial line the Internet e-mail electronic mail e-mail book written, book booklet reader (person) booklet, leaflet, pamphlet article, paper survey, review, commentary text text quotation, citation quote chapter paragraph volume, book in X volumes volume in X volumes manuscript collected works, collection, series table of contents table, timetable map map bookshop bookshop library librarian catalogue catalogue publication, edition publish be published publisher publishing house publisher

LINIYA INTERNET

n n elektron maktub elektron pochta elektron xat

KITOB kitobiy kitobcha kitobxon BROSHURA MAQOLA OBZOR MATN TEKST SITATA BOB PARAGRAF JILD jildli TOM tomli QO'LYOZMA MAJMUA MUNDARIJA JADVAL XARITA KARTA

n adj n n n n n n n n sitata keltirn n n adj | numX ~ n adj | numX ~ n n n n n n kitob do'koni kitob magazini

KUTUBXONA kutubxonachi KATALOG NASHR

n n n katalog tuzn nashr et-/qilnashr etil-/qilinnashr etuvchi n n

nashriyot nashriyotchi

141

BOSbosma bosmaxona MATBAA MATBUOT TIRAJ GAZETA gazetachi JURNAL jurnalist RO'ZNOMA MUHARRIR MUXBIR yozuv ARXIV MIKROFON PLASTINKA KASSETA VIDEOKASSETA CD-DISK / CD MAGNITOFON MAGNITOPLYONKA VIDEOMAGNITOFON FOTO FOTOGRAF fotografik fotografiya FOTOAPPARAT PLYONKA / FOTOPLYONKA RASM rasmli SURAT

v.t bosib chiqarbosilib chiqn n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n adj n n n n NX+ni ~+ga olrasmga tushadj n NX+ning ~+ini olNX+ni ~+ga olNX+ni ~+ga tushiradj n hajviy suratlar n n NX+ni ~+ga olkinoga born n n

print publish, bring out be published publication, edition printing house printing house press, printing press circulation, edition newspaper journalist newspaper seller magazine, journal journalist newspaper editor correspondent, journalist record, inscription, writing archives microphone record, disk, plate cassette (audio, video) videotape CD, compact disk tape recorder tape video (player) photo, snap photographer photographic photografy camera film (for camera) picture, painting, drawing, photograph take a photograph of X have one's photo taken illustrated image, picture, portrait, photograph paint X's portrait, take a photograph of X take a photograph of X take a photograph of X illustrated caricature, cartoon comics, strip cartoons photocopy cinema film go to the cinema film-maker, moviemaker (cine-)camera cinema, movie theater

suratli KARIKATURA KSEROKS KINO kinochi KINOKAMERA KINOTEATR / KINO

142

FILM MULTFILM eshittireshittirish eshittirilRADIO RADIOAPPARAT RADIOSTANSIYA TELEVIZOR TELEDASTUR TELEVIDENIYE

n n v.t n v.int n radio orqali eshittirradio tinglan n n n n televideniye orqali ko'rsatoynan jahon v.int n ko'rsatuvlar programmasi n n n n n nusxa apparati n n axborotlar texnologiyasi n n v.t n n n cho't tashlan n kredit kartochkasi n n n ko'rgazma qo'yn n

film, movie cartoon (radio) broadcast (radio) broadcast be broadcasted radio, wireless broadcast listen to the radio radio, radio set radio station television, television set (television) program (magazine) television broadcast television (set and programs) be showing, be on (movie, program) (television) broadcast (television) programs (TV, radio) host channel video video (film) video camera photocopier computer Information Technologies, data processing Information Technologies program program program programmer calculator abacus count/reckon on the abacus printer card credit card file (paper) file (computer) exhibition, show put on display, exhibit festival museum

ko'rsatilko'rsatuv boshlovchi KANAL VIDEO VIDEOFILM VIDEOKAMERA KOMPUTER INFORMATIKA PROGRAMMA DASTUR dasturladasturlovchi KALKULATOR CHO'T PRINTER KARTOCHKA KARTOTEKA FAYL ko'rgazma FESTIVAL MUZEY

143

Art
SAN'AT n san'at galereyasi tasviriy san'at n n adj adj n n adj n yaxshi did yomon did v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ v.int | NX bilan ~ n n v.t chizish n rasm chizNX+ning ~+ini soladj n n n n NX+ning ~+ini olsurat soln n n n haykal yasahaykal qurn n n n n n n n n adj adabiy asar n n n art artistic skill, ability art gallery fine art artist artist artistic, fine fine, exquisite, elegant fineness, elegance grace, elegance graceful, elegant taste good taste bad taste decorate, adorn X with Y be decorated with X decoration, adornment adornment, decoration draw, sketch drawing picture, painting, drawing, photograph draw, paint draw X, paint X illustrated artisan-painter, photographer painter, artist painting, drawing, visual arts image, picture, portrait, photograph paint X's portrait, take a photograph of X draw artisan-painter, photographer painter, drawer engraver, painter statue, sculpture, carving sculpt, carve sculpt, carve sculpter, carver sculpture, carving (activity) architect architecture calligraphy calligraphier, scribe writer, poet writer woman, poetess writing (as an occupation) literary literary work literature man of letters literary critic

san'atchi san'atkor BADIIY NAFIS nafislik NAFOSAT nafosatli DID

BEZAbezalbezak ZIYNAT CHIZRASM rasmli rasmchi RASSOM rassomlik SURAT suratchi suratkash NAQQOSH HAYKAL haykaltarosh haykaltaroshlik ARXITEKTOR ARXITEKTURA HUSNIXAT XATTOT ADIB adiba adiblik adabiy adabiyot adabiyotchi adabiyotshunos

144

ASAR

n san'at asar shoh asar n adj n n n n n n n n adj n adj n n n n n n n n hikoya aytn n n n xalq ertaklari n adj n n n n n n n qo'yin daftari n n n n muzikali komediya n

work, writings work of art masterpiece style of writing style, manner grandiloquent, emphatic author author effective writer writer, author, letter writer poem, poetry poetry poet poetess poetic poem poetical poetry couplet, verse poetry rhythm, metre ode epic, poem, tale bard, epic reciter bard, narrator of epic poetry story, tale tell a story storyteller story, tale, narrative annals, chronicles tale, story folktales legend legendary fable anecdote, joke prose prose novel short novel essay diary biography episode theater comedy musical comedy drama

USLUB balandparvoz MUALLIF AVTOR qalamkash yozuvchi SHE'R she'riyat SHOIR shoira shoirona POEMA POETIK POEZIYA BAYT QOFIYA QASIDA DOSTON dostonchi BAXSHI HIKOYA hikoyachi QISSA yilnoma ERTAK AFSONA afsonaviy MASAL LATIFA PROZA NASR ROMAN NOVELLA OCHERK BIOGRAFIYA EPIZOD TEATR KOMEDIYA DRAMA

145

PYESA O'YIN O'YNAo'ynalPARDA SAHNA ESTRADA ROL REPETITSIYA MUSIQA musiqachi MUZIKA

n n v.t v.int n n n n n n musiqa asbobi n n klassik muzika rok muzikasi xalq muzikasi adj n n adj n n n v.t n adj adj n n n maqom qilv.t n cholg'u asbobi n n n soz chalv.t n n n adj n n n n n n n

play play act be acted, be performed act stage stage role rehearsal music musical instrument musician music classical music rock 'n' roll folk music musical musician musicologist musical jazz pop music melody, tune hum, sing harmony, melody, tune in harmony, harmonious (l/f) harmonious, melodious tune, melody tune, melody mode, tune (traditional, classical) keep time (with the rhythm) play (a musical instrument) musical instrument musical instrument instrumentalist minstrel musical instrument play an instrument, play music tune musician musician (playing, traditional) string (of a musical instrument) stringed dutar (2 strings) tanbur (3 or 4 strings) robab (5 strings) dombira (stringed) qobiz (stringed, used by shamans) ghijjak (similar to the violin) dulcimer

muzikali muzikachi muzikashunos MUSIQIY JAZ ESTRADA KUY kuylaOHANG hamohang ohangdor NAVO TARONA MAQOM CHALCHOLG'U cholg'uchi OQIN SOZ sozlasozchi SOZANDA TOR torli DUTOR TANBUR RUBOB DO'MBIRA QO'BIZ G'IJJAK CHANG

146

NOG'ORA CHILDIRMA DOIRA KARNAY NAY naychi SKRIPKA PIANINO GITARA AKKORDEON ASHULA ashulachi HOFIZ XONANDA QO'SHIQ qo'shiqchi LAPAR YALLA AYTaytilKOMPOZITOR KOMPOZITSIYA BASTAKOR RAQS RAQQOS raqqosa O'YIN O'YNADISKOTEKA TOMOSHA tomoshabin SPEKTAKL KONSERT BALET OPERA SIRK DASTUR REPERTUAR REJISSOR

n n n n n n n n n n n ashula aytashula aytuvchi n n n n qo'shiq aytn n n v.t v.int n n n n raqs qilraqsga tushn n n o'yinga tushv.t n n NX+ni tomosha qiln n n konsert hali n n opera zali n n n n

drum tambourine tambourine suona horn flute flutist violin piano guitar accordion song sing (songs) singer singer (modern songs) singer (traditional songs) singer (traditional songs) song sing (songs) singer song (sung in turns by young girls and men) (lighthearted and naughty) song recite, sing be recited, be sung composer composition composer dance dance dance dancer dancer (female) dance game, play, match dance, join in the dance dance discotheque, nightclub spectacle, show, entertainment fun, enjoyment, stroll, loitering watch, enjoy X(=spectacle, entertainment) (member of the) audience spectacle, performance, showing concert concert hall ballet opera opera house circus program (spectacle, event) repertoire, schedule (film) director

147

ARTIST artistka AKTYOR AKTRISA qiziqchi

n n n n n

artist, actor, actress, movie star actress actor actress clown

148

Spirit
JON n jonga kirjon berjon+i chiqadj adj n adj adj adj n n NX+ga ~ berilhom olv.int v.t adj v.int yuksalish v.t n adj adj adv adj n adj adj v.int n adj n adj diniy bayram adj n n n adj n | NX+ga ~ NX+ga ~+i bor adj n n n adj n n xudoyi berxudoyi qillife, soul, spirit revive give one's life die alive, living, vivid, full of vitality lifeless, spiritless soul, spirit, mental state in good spirits, full of vitality spiritual, mental spiritual, moral (eg support) spirituality inspiration, enlightenment inspire be inspired be inspired inspire inspiring rise, ascend (l/f) elevation, development raise (l/f) conscience with a conscience conscienceless in all conscience cultural cultured, civilized culture, civilization cultured, refined uneducated, with little culture become civilized civilization classical religion, faith, belief religious religious holiday non-believer agnosticism believer, faithful religious faith, belief agnostic, non-believer faith in X, conviction have faith in X, be convinced of X faithful, convinced atheist atheist God atheistic believer,devout sacrifice make a sacrifice to God make a sacrifice to God

jonli jonsiz RUH ruhli ruhiy MA'NAVIY ma'naviyat ILHOM ilhomlanilhomlantirilhombaxsh YUKSALyuksaltirVIJDON vijdonli vijdonsiz vijdonan MADANIY madaniyat madaniyatli madaniyatsiz madaniylashSIVILIZATSIYA KLASSIK DIN diniy dinsiz dinsizlik dindor IMON imonsiz E'TIQOD e'tiqodli ATEIST DAHRIY XUDO xudosiz xudoparast XUDOYI

149

TANGRI OLLOH PARVARDIGOR FARISHTA PARI ARVOH DEV ALVASTI JIN IBLIS SHAYTON MUQADDAS PAYG'AMBAR AVLIYO

n n n n n n n n n n n adj n n adj avliyolik qiln n n n n namoz o'qinamoz qiln n v.int | NX+ga ~ n fotiha o'qiN(ish)X uchun ~ berfotiha qil-

God God God, creator, provider angel fairy spirit, genie, ghost giant, ogre evil spirit evil spirit, genie demon, devil Satan, the Devil holy, sacred prophet saint saintly prophesy, foresee the next world (after death) Heaven, Paradise Hell Hell prayer (esp. Islam) pray pray prayer mat place for prayers bow to X, pray X short prayer blessing, permission say a short prayer give permission for X say a short prayer Amen In the name of God prayer, religious service, worship pray worship place, temple prayer, good wishes give good wishes, pray for X bless X, pray for X bless X bless X blessed be blessed blessing, good deed auspicious, propitious nice, satisfactory prayer for the dead

OXIRAT JANNAT JAHANNAM DO'ZAX NAMOZ namozlik namozgoh SIG'INFOTIHA

OMIN BISMILLOH IBODAT ibodatxona DUO

n n n ibodat et-/qiln n NX+ga ~ berNX+ni duo qilNX+ga ~ berNX+ga baraka qiladj muborak bo'ln adj n

BARAKA MUBORAK XAYR xayrli JANOZA

150

SADAQA

n sadaqa bersadaqa so'raxayr-ehson xayr-ehson berxayr-ehson qilxayr-sadaqa xayr-sadaqa berxayr-sadaqa qil-

alms sacrifice give alms beg for alms alms give alms give alms alms give alms give alms swear at, curse sermon preach preacher sermon sorcery, witchcraft wizard, sorcerer witch, sorceress sorcery, witchcraft perform sorcery sorcery, witchcraft magic bewitched bewitching cast a spell on, bewitch wizard, sorcerer magician spell evil eye evil eye talisman (triangular shape) small talisman necklace, bracelet to ward off the evil eye rosary prediction, divination tell fortunes tell fortunes tell fortunes shaman, fortune-teller prediction, prophecy miracle, prediction perform a miracle, tell the future Islam the Muslim religion islamism specialist of Islam muslim muslim muslim attitude Sunna (practices based on Muhammad's) sunni shia sufism, mysticism

QARG'ATALQIN talqinchi VA'Z JODU jodugar jodugarlik SEHR sehrli sehrlasehrgar AFSUN KINNA TUMOR tumorcha KO'ZMUNCHOQ TASBEH FOL

v.t n talqin qil-/etn n n n jodugar kampir n jodugarlik qiln adj v.t n n n yomon ko'z n n n n n fol ochfol ko'rfol boqn n n karomat qiln islom dini n n n, adj adj n n n, adj n, adj n

folbin BASHORAT KAROMAT

ISLOM islomiyat islomshunos MUSULMON musulmonlik musulmonchilik SUNNAT SUNNIY SHIA TASAVVUF

151

SO'FI VAHHOBIY vahhobiylik QUR'ON HADIS SHAR'IY SHARIAT HALOL HAROM

n, adj n, adj n n n adj n adj adj harom et-/qilharom etil-/qilinn n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n qurbon bayram qurbon hayit n qurbonlik bern ro'za hayit n

sufi, mystic Wahhabi Wahhabism Koran Hadith (the sayings of Muhammad) lawful (according to the Shariat) Shariat (religious law of Islam) permitted, permissible (moral, religion) honest(ly) forbidden (by religion) forbid (by religion) be forbidden (by religion) mosque madrasah (islamic college) prayer hall monastery umma, the community of muslims man learned in religion mullah (muslim theologian) learned man, literate man ulema, learned in muslim theology (muslim) believer ishan (ecclesiastic) imam (prayer or spiritual leader) qazi (muslim judge) mufti (arbiter in islamic law) muezzin (calling for the prayer) sheikh (head of a religious order) pir (head of a religious sect) disciple, follower caliph mullah's assistant (woman, religious) teacher servant, person (of God) descendant of Muhammad pagan, unbeliever, heretic alms (prescribed by Islam) wakf (religious foundation) sacrifice, offerings victime, martyr feast of the Sacrifice feast of the Sacrifice animal for the fest of the Sacrifice make a sacrifice fast end of the Ramadan Ramadan

MASJID MADRASA XONAQOH UMMAT OXUN MULLA ULEMA MO'MIN ESHON IMOM QOZI MUFTI MUAZZIN SHAYX PIR MURID XALIFA OTIN BANDA SAYID KOFIR ZAKOT VAQF QURBON

qurbonlik RO'ZA RAMAZON

152

XATNA HAJ ZIYORAT ziyoratgoh ZIKR

n n n n n zikr tush-

circumcision hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) pilgrimage saint's tomb, shrine scenic spot; historical site remembrance, recollection reciting (performed by sufis) perform reciting emigration the Hegira christian christianism christianity catholic catholicism orthodox orthodoxy church priest monk jew judaism synagog bhudda bhuddaism hindu hinduism sect member, follower of a sect icon, idole idolator mythology

HIJRAT XRISTIAN xristianlik KATOLIK PRAVOSLAV pravoslavne CHERKOV RUHONIY ROHIB YAHUDIY SINAGOGA BUDDO HINDU MAZHAB mazhabchi BUT butparast MIFOLOGIYA

n n, adj xristian dini n n, adj katolik dini n, adj n n n n n, adj yahudiy dini n n buddo dini n hindu dini n n n n n

153

Character and Emotions

Character
FE'L XARAKTER xarakterli XULQ G'AYRAT g'ayratli g'ayratsiz g'ayratlang'ayratlantirserg'ayrat IRODA irodali irodasiz qat'iyat qat'iyatli qat'iyatsiz QAYSAR qaysarlik O'JAR o'jarlik akslik SABOT sabotli MATONAT KO'TARCHIDAchidam chidamli chidamsiz chidamsizlik SABR sabrli sabrsiz sabrsizlik besabr n n adj | AX ~ n n N(ish)X uchun g'ayrat qiladj adj v.int v.t adj n adj adj n adj adj adj n adj n n akslik qiln adj n sabot-matonat v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ n adj adj n n sabr qilsabr+i tugaadj adj n adj character, disposition character having a X character disposition, character, temper behaviour energy, willpower, zeal strive to X, endeavour to X energetic, dynamic, vigourous without any energy display vigour, bestir oneself raise sb's spirit, cheer sb up energetic, dynamic, full of vigour will, willpower, determination wilful, determined lacking willpower, irresolute determination, resolution, willpower determined, resolute irresolute, undecided stubborn, tenacious stubbornness, tenacity stubborn, obstinate stubbornness, obstination stubborn persist perseverance, firmness, tenacity persevering, tenacious firmness, resoluteness perseverance bear, endure, stand endure, bear patiently, put up with X endurance, patience hardy, patient delicate, impatient impatience patience have patience, be patient lose patience patient impatient impatience impatient

154

TOQ TOQAT toqatli toqatsiz toqatsizlik toqatsizlanbetoqat betoqatlik betoqatlanINTIZOR intizorlik BARDOSH bardoshli tirishqoq tirishqoqlik YALQOV yalqovlik yalqovlashDANGASA dangasalik XUSHYOQMAS ERINerinchaq ERKA erkalik erkalaerkalanINJIQ injiqlik injiqlanXARXASHA NOZ nozli nozlanISHONishonch OPTIMIZM OPTIMISTIK

toq bo'ltoq qolman toqat qiltoqat+i bitadj adj n v.int adj n v.int adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ N(ish)X+ga ~ bo'lintizor qiln n NX+ga ~ berbardosh qiladj adj n adj n v.int adj n dangasalik qiladj v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ v.int | N(ish)X uchun ~ adj, n adj n erkalik qilv.t v.int v.int adj n v.int n xarxasha qiln noz et-/qiladj v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ ishongan ishonish n | NX+ga ~ ishonch+ini yo'qotn n adj

lose patience lose patience patience have patience lose patience patient impatient impatience get impatient, lose patience impatient impatience lose patience eagerly, anxiously, impatiently awaiting X await X eagerly, anxiously, impatiently oblige to wait waiting (with impatience) patience, endurance endure, bear patiently X have patience, be patient patient hardworking, diligent, assiduous diligence, assiduity lazy, idle laziness, idleness laze around lazy, bone-idle laziness, bone idleness laze around, loaf around idle, lazy be lazy to X be unwilling to X, reluctant to X lazy, idle, languid; lazy fellow spoilt, pampered (of children) whim, caprice, squeamishness act out of capriciousness spoil (children) act like a spoiled child be spoilt, pampered capricious, wayward caprice, whim act out of capriciousness, be overfussy caprice, whim, nagging keep on about something, be capricious whim, caprice be flirtatious, act coquettishly; be capricious coquettish simper trust X confident confidence (positive) belief, confidence in X lose confidence optimism optimist optimistic

155

PESSIMIST pessimistik PESSIMIZM XOTIRJAM xotirjamlik xotirjamlantinch tinchlik tinchsiz tinchsizlantinchitinchittinchlantinchlantirnotinch notinchlik JIM JIMJIT / JIM-JIT jimjitlik OSOYISHTA osoyishtalik VAZMIN OROM oromsiz SOVUQQON sovuqqonlik TEZ

n adj n adj xotirjam bo'ln v.int ad n tinchlik saqlaadj v.int v.int ko'ngl+i tinchiv.t ko'ngl+ini tinchitv.int v.t adj n ad adj n ad n adj n adj adj n ad qon+i qiziq achchig'+i tez achchig'+i yomon

pessimist pessimistic pessimism calm, serene keep calm calmness, serenity calm down, get serene quiet(ly), peaceful(ly), calm(ly) quietness, calmness peace keep cool restless, not quiet worry calm down, cool down calm down, cool down calm down, cool down calm down, cool down calm down; set one's mind at rest calm down; set sb's mind at rest restless, not quiet restlessness quiet(ly), still, silent very quiet, still, silent quietness, stillness, silence quiet(ly), calm(ly), gentle(ly), careful(ly) quietness, calmness, gentleness, carefulness heavy even-tempered rest; peace, quietness troubled, unquiet cold-blooded, calm, sober, indifferent cold blood, calmness, soberness, indifference quick(ly), fast, speedy quick-tempered, irritable quick-tempered, hot-tempered quick-tempered, irritable quick-tempered, irritable irritable, nervy nerves make X nervous get on X's nerves nervous nervousness lose one's cool mad; madman get crazy, behave stupidly madness, insanity crazy, abnormal, senseless get crazy about X nonsensical, mad childish(ly) strong, solid

TAJANG ASAB asabiy asabiylik asabiylashJINNI jinnilik TELBA

adj n NX+ning ~+ini chiqarNX+ning ~+iga tegadj n v.int n, adj jinni bo'ln adj NX+dan telba bo'ladj | telba-teskari ad adj

bolalarcha pishiq

156

JIDDIY jiddiylik jiddiylashBAMA'NI bama'nilik TUYG'U tuyg'uli tuyg'usiz sezgir sezgirlik NOZIK noziklik QO'POL qo'pollik QO'RS qo'rslik DAG'AL dag'allik YURAK yurakli yuraksiz DOVYURAK JUR'AT jur'atli jur'atsiz DADIL dadillik dadillanJASUR jasurlik jasurona JASORAT jasoratli jasoratsiz MARD mardlik mardlarcha ER erlik BOTIR botirlik botirlarcha QAHRAMON qahramonlik qahramonona qahramonlarcha

adj n v.int adj n n adj adj adj n adj n adj n adj n adj n n NX+da ~ yo'q adj adj adj n adj adj ad n v.int adj n adv n jasorat ko'rsatadj adj adj n adv n, adj n n adj n adv n, adj n adv adv

serious, earnest serious, grave, critical seriousness, earnestness get serious serious, sensible seriousness, sensibleness sense perception, sensation, feeling sensitive (l/f) insensitive (l/f) sensitive sensitiveness fine, delicate, fragile refined, sensitive delicate, touchy, tricky fineness, fragility, delicacy coarse, vulgar rough, rude coarseness, vulgarity roughness, rudeness rude, coarse rudeness, coarseness rude, coarse rudeness, coarseness courage X be a coward bold, audacious timid, coward intrepid, bold, brave daring, determination daring, courageous timid, coward, indecisive bold(ly), brave(ly) boldness, bravery grow bold brave, courageous, daring bravery, courage, daring bravely, courageously bravery, courage, daring show bravery, courage brave, courageous, daring timorous, fearful brave, courageous courage, bravery bravely, courageously manly, courageous manliness hero heroic, brave heroism, bravery heroically, bravely hero; heroic heroism heroically heroically

157

QO'RQqo'rqmas qo'rqoq qo'rqoqlik tortinchoq tortinchoqlik UYAT uyatchang uyatchanglik

v.int | NX+dan ~ adj adj n adj n n adj n

be afraid of X, fear X fearless, brave coward, fearful cowardliness, cowardice shy, bashful timidity, shyness shame, sense of shame bashful, shy timidity, shyness, sense of modesty

158

Emotions
KO'NGIL (ko'ngl+i) ko'ngilli ko'ngilsiz ko'ngilsizlik DIL n adj adj | AX ~ adj n n jon-dil jon-dil+i bilan ich-ichidan HAYAJON hayajonli hayajonlanhayajonlantirQAYNACHO'KTA'SIR ta'sirli ta'sirlanta'sirlantirta'sirchan TAASSUROT n hayajonga keladj v.int v.t v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ NX+ga ~+ib ketn NY+ga AX ~ qoldiradj v.int v.t adj n NY+ga AX ~ qoldirn ruh+i tushib ketruh+ini ko'tiradj adj v.int v.t v.int v.t n kayf+i chog' kayf+i yaxshi kayf+i uchNX+ga kayf qiln adj v.int n adj ko'ngl+i ko'tarilko'ngl+i yarim(ta) MA'YUS ma'yuslik ma'yuslanma'yuslantirma'yusona adj n v.int v.t adv heart (fig), feelings, emotion, spirit happy, cheerful (moment, event) having a X heart unhappy (moment, event) annoyance, trouble heart (fig) heart and soul with all one's heart in one's heart, to oneself excitement, emotion, agitation get excited excited be moved, get excited move, excite get excited sink in X be deep in X, be lost in X(=thoughts) influence, effect; impression make a X impression on Y influential be touched, be moved touch, move easily touched, moved impression(s), reflections make a X impression on Y soul, spirit, mental state get depressed, lose heart keep one's spirit up in good spirits, full of vitality in low spirits, out of sorts get demoralized, low-spirited demoralize, depress rouse oneself, bestir oneself stimulate, inspire, raise one's moral mood, state of mind, spirits, humour drunkenness, enjoyment be in good spirits, in a good mood be in good spirits, in a good mood feel disappointed amuse X mood, state of mind in low spirits be in low spirits mood, humour arrogant, proud take fresh heart be depressed dejected, dispirited, disheartened despair despair, get dispirited, disheartened drive to despair, dispirit, dishearten dispiritedly

RUH ruhli ruhsiz ruhsizlanruhsizlantirruhlanruhlantirKAYF

kayfiyat kayfsiz kayfsizlanDIMOG'

159

MAMNUN mamnuniyat QONqondirQONIQqoniqish qoniqarli qoniqarsiz QANOAT qanoatli qanoatlanqanoatlanarli qanoatlantirKO'NGIL (ko'ngl+i) SHIRIN shirinlik shirinchilik TATILAZZAT lazzatlanROHAT rohatli rohatlanHUZUR huzurli huzurlan-

adj N(gani)X+dan ~ bo'lmamnun qiln v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t n n adj ad n adj v.int | NX+dan ~ adj v.t ko'ngildagidek adj n n v.int | NX+ga ~ n VX+ib lazzat qilv.int | VX+ib ~ n adj v.int | VX+ib ~ n VX+ib ~ tophuzur qil-/etadj v.int huzur-halovat ko'ngl+i ochko'ngil ochish

satisfied, pleased be satisfied with X, be pleased with X please, satisfy satisfaction be satisfied with X satisfy be satisfied satisfaction satisfactory unsatisfactory(ly) satisfaction, patience content with one's lot be content with X, be satisfied with X satisfactory satisfy satisfactorily sweet (l/f) sweetness, deliciousness (l/f) nice, pleasant atmosphere taste nice to X (l/f) taste, flavour pleasure enjoy X enjoy X pleasure comfort, peace, rest pleasant, peaceful, comfortable get pleasure, comfort, peace, enjoy Xing pleasure, comfort, rest enjoy Xing enjoy, get pleasure, comfort, rest pleasing, comfortable enjoy, get pleasure, comfort, rest pleasure enjoy oneself, have fun recreation, distraction fun, enjoyment, stroll, loitering have fun, amuse oneself, take a stroll at X like X like X, appreciate X be pleasing to X, appeal to X suit X, be satisfying to X please pleasant, pleasing unpleasant, unpleasing pleasant (person) pleasant charming, attractive (of a woman) sweetheart, darling (of a woman) sweetheart, darling (of a woman) charming, attractive (of a woman) enchanting, charming, jolly charm, refinement charming, refined

TOMOSHA

n NX+ni tomosha qilN(ish)X+ni yaxshi ko'rN(ish)X+ni xush ko'r-

YOQyoqtiryoqimli yoqimsiz yoqimtoy SO'LIM DILBAR DILDOR DILKASH LATOFAT latofatli

v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t adj adj adj adj adj n n adj adj n adj

160

ROZI rozilik norozi norozilik MA'QUL

adj | NX+dan ~ rozi qiln adj n adj NX+ga ~ tushN(ish)X+ni NY+dan yaxshi ko'rN(ish)X+ni NY+dan afzal ko'r-

pleased, satisfied with X please, satisfy (a person) satisfaction displeased, dissatisfied displeasure, dissatisfaction pleasable please X prefer X to Y prefer X to Y inclination, aspiration towards X, wish inclination, liking, desire be interested, be motivated interest, motivate good, pleasant, pleasing liking, taste please X please X taste, flavour delight, interest enjoy Xing do not feel well boring, tedious mood to enjoy, interest enjoy Xing, delight in Xing passionate, enthusiastic be full of zest, be with keen pleasure passion, desire passionate desireless, passionless be passionate passionate passion passion, strong desire, eagerness passion miss, long for longing, nostalgia longing, nostalgic separation nostalgia attract X, draw X to Y attract, draw (l/f) wonderful, marvellous, great charming attractiveness, charm attractive, charming attractive, charming beautiful woman, beauty be fascinated, be bewitched fascinate, bewitch fascination

MAYL RAG'BAT rag'batlanrag'batlantirXUSH

n | NX+ga ~+i n v.int v.t adj n NX+ga ~+i kelNX+ga ~+i bor n VX+ib maza qilmaza+si qochadj n VX+ib ~ oladj v.int n adj adj v.int v.t zavq-shavq n n v.t n adj n NX+ni NY+ga jalb et-/qil-

MAZA

bemaza ZAVQ zavqli zavqlanSHAVQ shavqli shavqsiz shavqlanshavqlantirISHTIYOQ EHTIROS SOG'INsog'inch sog'inchli FIROQ

TORTAJOYIB JOZIBA jozibali jozibador JONON MAFTUN maftunlik

v.t adj n adj adj n adj | maftun bo'lmaftun qiln

161

QIZIQ qiziqchilik QIZIQqiziqish qiziqtirqiziqarli qiziquvchi MAROQ maroqli HAVAS havaslanhavaskor BARIBIR BIRDAY LOQAYD loqaydlik FARQ befarq

adj n v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ v.int | NX bilan ~ n | NX+ga ~ (katta) qiziqish bilan v.t adj qiziqarli qiln | NX+ga ~ n maroq bilan adj n N(ish)X+ga havas qilv.int | ~+ib CX n ad | NX+ga ~ ad | NX+ga ~ adj n n farqi yo'q adj N(ish)X+ni yomon ko'rNX+ni ko'ra olma-

interesting, strange amusing, funny joke, jest be interested in X, enjoy Xing, delight in X be interested in X, enjoy Xing, delight in X interest in X with (great) interest interest, fascinate interesting, exciting arouse interest curious about, keen on X interest with interest interesting interest, hobby wish, desire X be interested in X, be keen on X do X with relish, with gusto fan, amateur, diletant all the same (for X) all the same (for X) indifferent indifference difference no difference, it doesn't matter indifferent hate X, dislike X dislike X, hate X hatred, loathing, disgust hate X, loathe X, despise X hatred hate X, loathe X, despise X be repelled by X, be disgusted by X repel, disgust disgust, revulsion, loathing be repelled by X, be disgusted by X be fed up with X, tired of X be bored bore, wear out boring, tedious, wearisome disgusting, loathesome be disgusted at X, be fed up with X disgust, loathe be fed up be tired of X amusing, funny joke, jest humour humorist humorous, comic humour, satire humorous, satiric joke, jest joke, jest joke, jest joker

NAFRAT nafratli nafratlanJIRKANjirkantirjirkanch YIRGANZERIKzeriktirzerikarli BEZOR

n NX+ga ~ bilan qaraadj v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t n v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t adj adj NX+dan ~ bo'lbezor qiljondan to'yNX+ga ko'ngl+i teg-

QIZIQ qiziqchilik YUMOR yumorist yumoristik HAJV hajviy HAZIL hazillashhazilkash

adj n n n adj n adj n hazil qilv.int n

162

ERMAK

n NX+ni ermak qilNX+ni mazax qilkulgiga qol-

amusement, fun make fun of X, laugh at X poke fun at X, make fun of X be laughed at, make a fool of o.s. making one laugh, ridiculous comic, funny get ridiculous expect be expected unexpected surprise see through that X, expect X foresee, anticipate surprise, amazement, wonder surprise, astonish, amaze surprise, astonish, amaze be surprised, astonished, be amazed (be) surprised, astonished, amazed at X (be) dizzy, be at a loss be surprised, astonished, amazed be dizzy, be at a loss surprise, astonish, amaze surprise, astonish, amaze surprise, astonishment, amazement strange, surprising, odd, extraordinary it is very surprising, X wonder at X, be astonished, amazed at X surprising, astonishing amaze, astonish surprise, astonishment be surprised, astonished at X be surprised, astonished at X be surprised, astonished surprising, astonishing be astounded, be amazed, be disconcerted be dizzy, be disconcerted hope, wish, expectation hope that X have hope for X lose hope for X hope to X hope that X hopeless despair despair, lose hope despair of X, lose hope for X discourage, dishearten hope that X hopeful desire, aspiration, hope, wish, dream wish to X, hope that X, dream of Xing hopeful about X, desirous of X be disappointed with X, take offence at X disappoint X

kulgili

adj kulgili bo'l-

KUTkutilkutilmaganlik

v.t v.int kutilmagan n N(ish)X+ga ko'z+i yetoldindan ko'r-

HAYRAT hayratlanHAYRON

n hayratda qoldirhayratga solv.int adj | NX+ga ~ (bo'l-) hayron qolhayron qoldirhayron qiln adj int | ~ CX v.int | NX+dan ~ adj v.t n adj | NX+ga ~ bo'ladj | NX+ga ~ qolv.int adj v.int v.int n CX deb ~ bog'laVX+ish uchun ~+i bor NX+dan ~+ini uzN(ish)X+ni umid qilCX deb umid qiladj n umidsizlikka tushv.int | NX+dan ~ v.t v.int | CX deb ~ adj n VX+ishni orzu qiladj | N(ish)X+ga ~ NX+dan ko'ngl+i qolko'ngl+i qoldir-

hayronlik AJAB ajabo ajablanajablanarli ajablantirTAAJJUB taajjublantaajjublanarli GANGIRAESANKIRAUMID

umidsiz umidsizlik umidsizlanumidsizlantirumidlanumidvor ORZU orzumand

163

QO'RQqo'rqinchli qo'rqinch qo'rqitqo'rquv HADIK hadiksirahadiksiratYOTSIRAHURKhurkithaybatli bahaybat VAHIMA

v.int | NX+dan ~ adj n v.t NX+ni ~+ib yuborn n v.int v.t v.int v.int hurkib ketv.t adj adj n vahimaga bosvahimaga tushNX+ni ~+ga solNX+ni vahima qiladj n n dahshat soldahshat oltida qoladj n terror qiln N(gani)X uchun ~+ga tushtashvishga soladj adj adj v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t n N(gani)X uchun ~ bo'ladj v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t adj bezovta qiln v.int n sarosima bo'lsarosimada qolsarosimaga tushsarosimaga solsarosima qiln adj v.int n g'ulg'ula sol-

be afraid of X, fear X frightning, fearful, terrifying, scary fear, terror frighten frighten X, scare X fear fear be afraid, worry frighten, make worry be intimidated, keep out get frightened jump with fright frighten formidable, frightening, fearsome colossal, huge formidable, frightning, fearsome terror, panic, fear be seized with terror, get into a panic be seized with terror, get into a panic frighten X, terrify X cause X to panic terrifying, horrifying alarmist fear, terror, horror terrorize be terrified terrifying, threatening terror terrorize worry, trouble, anxiety be worried, troubled by X, be anxious worry, trouble worry, troubled, anxious free of worries, untroubled free of worries, untroubled be worried, troubled by X, be anxious worry, trouble, bother worry, anxiety be worried, alarmed by X worrying, alarming be worried, alarmed by X worry, alarm anxious, troubled, perturbed, disturbed make anxious, trouble; disturb, bother anxiety, trouble be anxious, troubled trouble, confusion, helplessness get troubled, confused get troubled, confused get troubled, confused trouble, confuse, disturb trouble, confuse, disturb state of confusion uneasy, confused feel uneasy, get confused confusion, trouble, disarray cause confusion, sow confusion

vahimali vahimachi DAHSHAT dahshatli TERROR

TASHVISH tashvishli tashvishsiz betashvish tashvishlantashvishlantirXAVOTIR xavotirli xavotirlanxavotirlantirBEZOVTA bezovtalik bezovtalanSAROSIMA

sarosimalik o'ng'aysiz o'ng'aysizlanG'ULG'ULA

164

bechora DIQQAT xavflanxavfsiraXUNOB

adj N(gani)X uchun ~ bo'lv.int | NX+dan ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ adj xunob bo'lxunob qilv.t ko'ngl+i to'k v.int v.t n adj adj adj adj n adj baxt-saodat baxt-saodatli

helpless, distraught be worried, anxious about X apprehend X, worry about X apprehend X, worry about X nervous, uneasy, worried feel nervous, uneasy, get worried make nervous, worry oppress, overcome free of anxiety, calm be relieved, be eased relieve, ease good fortune, luck, happiness fortunate, lucky, happy (person) unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy fortunate, lucky, happy (moment, event) happiness, well-being happy, prosperous happiness, well-being happy, prosperous happy, glad about X, joyful, cheerful be glad, delighted that X, rejoice that X delight happiness, joy rejoicing happy, glad, jolly, merry happiness, joy, jollity, merriment rejoice, be glad, delighted happy, glad, jolly, merry happy, cheerful happiness, cheerfulness cheerful, jolly, merry rejoice at X, be glad, delighted with X delight rejoicing, joy, delight rejoice glad, happy joy, happiness rejoice at X rejoice on Xing rejoicing, joy, pleasure with pleasure joyful, heartening sorrow, sadness, grief worry, trouble, anxiety be sad, be depressed, be worried be sad, be depressed, be worried be worry about X, be anxious sad, depressed, sorrowful carefree, feeling easy unconcern sad, sorrow, melancholic sadness, sorrow, melancholy

BOSyengillashyengillashtirBAXT baxtli baxtsiz badbaxt baxtiyor SAODAT saodatli

XURSAND xursandlik xursandchilik SHOD shodlik shodlanshodon CHOG' chog'lik XUSHCHAQCHAQ sevinsevintirsevinch QUVNAquvnoq quvnoqlik QUVONquvonch quvonchli G'AM

adj | N(gani)X+dan ~ VX+ib ~ bo'lxursand qiln n adj n v.int adj adj n adj v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t n v.int adj n v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int | VX+ib ~ n quvonch bilan adj n g'am chekg'am tortNX+ning ~+ini yeadj adj n adj n

g'amli beg'am beg'amlik g'amgin g'amginlik

165

QAYG'U qayg'uli qayg'usiz qayg'urHASRAT hasratli hasratlanRAHM

n N(gani)X uchun ~ tortqayg'uga soladj adj v.int | N(gani)X uchun ~ n NX+dan hasrat qiladj v.int NX+ga rahm+i kel- (NX+ga rahm+i kel(di)) qon yutadj n alam tortNX+ga alam qiln NX+ga ~ keltiradj ko'ngl+i parishon n adj | NX+dan ~ NX+dan ~ bo'lxafa qil-

sorrow, sadness sorrow over X, grieve over X sadden, grieve sad, sorrowful (people, event) carefree, free of worries sorrow over X, grieve over X show solicitude for X, look after X grief, sorrow grieve X grieved, sad grieve feel sorry for X nurse a grievance, suffer great sorrow sad, silent pain, suffering, bitterness suffer make X suffer, annoy X distress, trouble cause distress, trouble to X perplex, confused perplex, confused perplexity, confusion upset at X, annoyed with X, unhappy about X offended by X be(come) offended by X be(come) upset, annoyed with X upset, annoy, distress, grieve offend upset, unhappiness offence (taken) upset, unhappiness offence (taken)

XOMUSH ALAM

KULFAT PARISHON parishonlik XAFA

xafalik xafagarchilik / xafachilik RANJIranjitG'AZAB g'azabli g'azablang'azablantirdarg'azab ACHCHIQ

n n

v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t ranjitib qo'yn g'azab+i kelNX+ning ~+ini keltiradj v.int v.t adj n achchiq+i kelNX+ning ~+ini keltirachchiq qilachchig'+i tez achchig'+i yomon v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t v.int

be offended by X, upset at X, hurt by X offend, upset, hurt offend, upset, hurt anger, rage, fury get angry, furious make X angry, furious angry, furious get angry, furious, indignant make angry, furious, indignant angry, furious, offended bitterness, anger get angry, bitter make X angry, bitter get angry, bitter quick-tempered, irritable quick-tempered, irritable get angry with / at / about X make angry, bitter get angry at each other, quarrel

achchiqlanachchiqlantirachchiqlash-

166

JAHL jahlli jahldor badjahl QAHR qahrli qahrlanQIZIQAYNABUZ-

n (NX+dan) ~+i chiqNX+ning ~+ini chiqaradj adj adj n adj v.int v.int v.int fe'l+i ayniv.t fe'l+ini buzjon+i chiqjon+ini chiqarNX+ning jon+iga tegNX+ning bosh+ini og'rit-

anger, temper get angry (at X), lose one's temper make X angry, make X lose one's temper angry, irritated quick-tempered, irascible angry, cross anger angry, irritated get angry, lose one's temper get angry boil, get angry get upset upset get angry, lose one's tamper get furious annoy, trouble, bother nag X, bother X, annoy X, get X in trouble bother X suffer, be grieved anger, annoy, cause trouble turn red, blush grow pale laugh make laugh laughter smile roar with laughter smile smile smile, grin smile weeping, crying, sobbing weeping and wailing weep, cry, sob cry with / about X make cry whiner sob sob howl cry loudly weep loudly weep loudly groan moan, groan, sigh moan, groan, sigh sigh

kuyinkuydirQIZARBO'ZARKULkuldirkulgi kulimsiraXAXOLATABASSUM ILJAYJILMAYYIG'I YIG'LAyig'latyig'loq HIQILLAO'KIRHO'NGRAINGRA-

v.int v.t v.int | NX+ning yuz+i ~ v.int v.int v.t n v.int v.int n tabassum qilv.int v.int n yig'i-sig'i v.int v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t n v.int hiqillab yig'lav.int v.int ho'ngrab yig'lav.int oh tortoh ur-

XO'RSIN-

v.int

167

Action and Modality

Will, Ability and Necessity
KELISTAistak XOHISH XOHLAxohlovchi IXTIYOR ixtiyoriy ixtiyorsiz beixtiyor HAVAS havasmand NAFS ORZU MUSHTOQ mushtoqlik HAFSALA kamhafsala TILAtilak MAYL RAG'BAT rag'batlanrag'batlantirINTILERINARANG v.int | N(gi)X+i ~ v.t | N(ish)X+ni ~ istar-istamas n | N(ish)X+ga ~ n | N(ish)X+ga ~ xohish+ini bajo keltirv.t | N(ish)X+ni ~ xohlamasdan n n adj ad adj n NX+da N(ish)Y+ga ~+i bor adj n n VX+ishni orzu qiladj n n adj v.t | NY+ga N(ish)X+ni ~ n n | NX+ga ~+i n v.int v.t v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ N(ish)X+ga ko'z+i qiymav.int | N(ish)X uchun ~ adv N(ish)X+ga bel bog'lao'z-o'zicha o'z-o'zidan JON jon deb CX VX+ish uchun ko'ngl+i bor VX+ishga ko'ngl+i tortmaadj feel like Xing, get X(y) desire X, want X, wish X reluctantly aspiration, desire, wish for X wish, aspiration, desire for X satisfy one's wish, desire want X,wish X, desire X reluctantly volunteer will voluntary, of one's free will involuntary(ly) compelled involuntary(ly) wish, desire (X) have desire for Y easily getting carried away desire, greed, lust desire, aspiration, hope, wish, dream wish to X, hope that X, dream of Xing desired, highly-coveted desire, covetousness desire, wish inert, passive wish X (for Y) wish inclination, aspiration towards X, wish inclination, liking, desire be interested, be motivated interest, motivate have a leaning towards X, endeavour to X be reluctant to X be unwilling to X, reluctant to X with difficulty reluctantly make up one's mind to X go one's own spontaneously eagerly looking forward to X be willing to X be unwilling to X voluntary

ko'ngilli

168

QAT'IY qat'iylik qat'iyat qat'iyatli qat'iyatsiz qat'iylashVOZ QAYTTIYtiyilTASHLAJUR'AT

adj adv N(ishi)X+dan qat'iy nazar n n adj adj v.int NX+da qattiq turn | NX+dan ~ kechv.int | NX+dan ~ N(ish)X+dan bo'yin tovlav.t v.int v.t tashlab ketn N(ish)X+ga jur'at qil-/etNX uchun jur'at qil-/etv.int | VX+ish uchun ~ n NX haqida ~ chiqarVX+ishga qaror qilqarorga keladj v.int ikkilanish ikkilanmasdan / ikkilanmay n n NX+da N(ish)Y ~+i bor adj adj n n adj n adj adj adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ n n adj n adj n adj adj adj n v.t VX+a ~

firm, resolute, determined thoroughly, resolutely regardless of X, irrespective of X firmness, resolution, determination determination, resolution, willpower determined, resolute irresolute, undecided get resolute, determined persist in X abandon X, renounce X, give up X refrain from X refrain from X hold back, restrain hold off give up, stop give up, stop daring, determination dare X be bold, daring in X dare X decision, resolution adopt a decision about X decide to X make up one's mind undecided fickle, inconstant hesitate, be undecided hesitation without hesitation hesitant, wavering capacity, capability, ability (X) have the ability for Y capable, competent, able incapable, incompetent incompetence talent, faculty, ability talented, able talent talented untalented (be) able to X ability ability, capability able, capable incapable inability ability, dexterity capable, competent incapable, incompetent, clumsy clumsy, awkward, inapt clumsiness, awkwardness, inaptitude take can X

BOTINQAROR

beqaror ikkilanikkilanuvchi QOBILIYAT qobiliyatli qobiliyatsiz qobiliyatsizlik ISTE'DOD iste'dodli TALANT talantli talantsiz QODIR qodirlik LAYOQAT layoqatli layoqatsiz layoqatsizlik SHUD shudli noshud NO'NOQ no'noqlik OL-

169

BIL-

v.t VX+ishni ~ VX+a ~ adj | NX+ga ~ n n n adj n adv n adj adj n adj NX+ning ko'z+ini bilbosh+i garang bo'lNX+ning bosh+ini garang qil-

know, comprehend know how to X know how to X expert in X, skilled in X mastery, skills technique, art, skill craft, handicraft, profession, trade skill, talent skilful, masterly, clever skill skilfully, masterfully, cleverly skill, mastery, technical ability highly skilled, masterly unskilled qualifications qualified, skilled know well how to do X do not know what to do bother X sluggish, slow possible (Y) be possible for X to the best of one's ability (X) be possible be in one's power to X be in position to X, have ability in X possibility, opportunity to X helpless(ly), powerless(ly) if God wills choose, select pick up choice be chosen, selected competition, selection sort select, pick up elect, vote for, choose choose, select instead of X freedom, liberty without liberty; forced, compelled free(ly) freedom, liberty free, liberated, emancipated be freed, liberated, exempted free, liberate, exempt X from Y freedom, liberation, emancipation get one's freedom free, emancipate, liberate free, liberate

USTA ustalik TEXNIKA HUNAR MOHIR mohirlik mohirona MAHORAT mahoratli mahoratsiz MALAKA malakali

LAPASHANG MUMKIN

adj adj adj | NX VY+ishi ~ mumkin qadar v.int | VX+ish ~ NX+ga kuch+i yetNX+ga qo'l+idan kel-

BO'L-

EP ojizona

n | N(ish)X+ning ~+i ad xudo xohlasa

TANLAtanlantanlov SARALASAYLAO'RIN (o'rn+i) ERK erksiz erkin erkinlik OZOD ozodlik ozodla-

v.t tanlab oltanlash v.int n v.t saralab olv.t saylab olNX+ning o'rniga n adj ad n adj ozod bo'lNX+ni NY+dan ozod qiln ozodlikka chiqozodlikka chiqarv.t

170

HUR hurlik HURRIYAT ISTIQLOL MUSTAQIL mustaqillik AVTONOM avtonomiya MUXTOR muxtoriyat XALOS xaloskor QUTULqutultirMAJBUR majburiy majburiyat majburan zo'rlaTO'SQIN to'sqinlik XALAQIT BO'SH bo'shlaBAND

adj n n n adj n adj n adj n NX+dan ~ bo'lNX+dan xalos qiln v.int | NX+dan ~ NX+dan qochib ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ adj | VX+ishga ~ (bo'l-) majbur qiladj n adv v.t | NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga ~ n NX+ga ~ bo'ln NX+ga to'sqinlik qiln N(ish)X+ga ~ beradj v.int adj band bo'lband qilvaqt+i bor vaqt+i yo'q N(ish)X+ga qo'l+i tegmaN(ish)X+ga to'g'ri kel-

free freedom freedom, liberty independence independent independence autonomous autonomy autonomous autonomy be relieved, get rid of X, be freed from X relieve, free from X liberator, saviour be released, break away, free o.s. from X escape X, flee X, break away from X release, free, liberate X from Y (be) forced, compelled, obliged to X force, compel, oblige compulsory, obligatory obligation, constraint duty by force force, compel, oblige X to Y obstacle, hindrance hinder X, be an obstacle to X hindrance, opposition hinder X, oppose to X hindrance, trouble hinder X, prevent from X, interfere in X empty, void free (time, people), vacant (space) become empty, be free busy, engaged, taken (space, people) be busy occupy rent; reserve have time have no time have no time for X it is suitable to X; it is necessary to X necessity, need (X) need Y (X) must Y as necessary, as required necessity, need, requirement necessary, needed unnecessary necessity, need, requirement (X) need Y (X) must Y necessary, essential necessity necessity, need necessity, need

VAQT

KERAK

keraklik kerakli keraksiz LOZIM

n adj | NX+ga NY ~ adj | NX VY+ishi ~ keragicha n adj adj n adj | NX+ga NY ~ adj | NX VY+ishi ~ adj n n n

ZARUR zarurlik zarurat zaruriyat

171

ZOR zoriqDARKOR SHART HOJAT hojatli hojatsiz ASLO ZINHOR SIRA qat'iyan MUHTOJ muhtojlik muhtojsiz EHTIYOJ KETBURCH burchli majburiyat navbatchi navbatchilik

n v.int | NX+ga ~ n adj | NX+ga NY ~ n NX VY+ishi ~ n NX+ning NY+ga ~+i bor NX+ning NY+ga ~+i yo'q adj adj adv (with neg.) adv (with neg.) adv (with neg.) adv adj NX+ga ~ (bo'l-) n adj n v.int | NY uchun NX ~ n adj n n n

strong need be in great need of X necessity, need (Y) be necessary, needed to X condition (necessary for sth) (X) have to Y (emphatic) need, necessity, urge X need Y X have no need of Y necessary unnecessary not at all, on no account, never on no account never definitely needy, in need need X, be in need of X need without any need needs, demands need to take/spend X for Y duty, obligation indebted duty (person) on duty duty

172

Acts and Results

QILqilinqilmish ISH v.t v.int n n NX bilan ~+i bor NX+ni ~+ga oshish ko'rish tutv.int v.t adj n n harakat qilqarshi harakat qiladj adj adj n adj adj n amalda NX+ni ~+ga oshiramal qiladj n v.t post | NX+ning ~ post | NX+ning ~ adj, n n bekorga bekorga ketbekor qil-/etZOYE adv zoye bo'lzoye ketzoye qilad ad bejiz emas post | N(ish)X ~ post | N(gani)X ~ NX deb CY n VX+ishga niyat qilNX+ni niyat qilAX niyat qildo, make, perform be done, be made, be performed action, conduct matter, affair, business, thing work, job, task have business to do with X carry out X handle affairs, act handle affairs, act work use, utilize, employ hard-working, dynamic, resourceful work, job, task movement, move action act react inactive active active activity active, of action inactive action, deeds in practice bring about, realize X, put X into effect act practical practice come through all right, handle well by X (action performed thru X) by X (action performed thru X) idle(ness) useless(ness), empty, emptiness nothing for nothing, in vain be in vain cancel, rescind, annul in vain, at a loss be in vain, be wasted be in vain, be wasted waste, squander useless, nonsensical without a reason, aimless(ly) not without reason for X (sake/purpose), in order to X for X (reason), because of X Y with X in mind, Y for the sake of X intention, aim intend to X, mean to X aim X mean X, intend X

ishlaishlatishchan YUMUSH HARAKAT

harakatsiz harakatchan FAOL faoliyat faoliyatli faoliyatsiz AMAL

amaliy amaliyot amallatomonidan tarafidan BEKOR

BEHUDA BEJIZ

UCHUN DENIYAT

173

MAQSAD maqsadsiz MUROD MANZIL G'OYA g'oyali g'oyaviy g'oyasiz NISHON nishona JO'RTTAGA G'ARAZ g'arazli g'arazsiz QASD qasdan LOYIHA loyihalaloyihachi REJA rejali rejasiz rejalashtirPROYEKT XOMAKI PLAN planli plansiz planlashtirMO'LJAL mo'ljallaTASHABBUS tashabbuskor tashabbuskorlik PROGRAMMA

n maqsad+iga yetmaqsad bilan adj n murod+iga yetn manzil+iga yetn adj adj adj n n adv n VX+ishga g'araz qilad ad n adv n v.t n n NX+ni ~+ga oladj adj v.t n n n adj adj v.t planlashtirish n v.t n n n oldini oln kun tartibi

purpose, goal, aim, intention achieve one's aim with a purpose aimless, purposeless wish, aim achieve one's aim goal, aim, destination attain one's goal ideal, aim, object with ideals ideal with no ideal mark, sign target mark deliberately, intentionally (evil) design, (ill) intent have evil designs, ill intent to X intentional(ly), deliberate(ly) unintentionally, inadvertently (evil) design; grudge intentionally, deliberately project, scheme, plan, design plan, design designer plan, project, draft plan X planned unplanned plan project, design draft plan planned unplanned plan planning estimate, draft, plan estimate, draft, plan initiative, proposal, efforts initiator, instigator, pioneer initiative, venture, undertaking prevent, pre-empt program agenda wait for expect be waited for keep sb waiting wait for, await keep sb waiting

KUTkutilkuttirPOYLApoylat-

v.t v.int v.t v.t v.t

174

INTIZOR intizorlik NAVBAT

adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ N(ish)X+ga ~ bo'lintizor qiln n navbatda turnavbatdagi

eagerly, anxiously, impatiently awaiting X await X eagerly, anxiously, impatiently oblige to wait waiting (with impatience) turn queue, line stand in a line, in a queue following, next try to X, attempt to X try to X, attempt to X act endeavour to X, try to X endeavour to X, try to X attempt to X, try to X attempt to X, try to X attempt, try try hard to X, endeavour to X hardworking, diligent, assiduous make an effort, take the trouble to try have a leaning towards X, endeavour to X energy, willpower, zeal strive to X, endeavour to X display vigour, bestir oneself raise sb's spirit, cheer sb up hard-working, dynamic, resourceful dynamism, resourcefulness persistence, concentration wrestle, fight struggle, fight, strive for X candidate application idle(ness) idler, unoccupied person idleness, inactivity ready, prepared be ready, get ready, get prepared prepare preparations prepare prepare (o.s) for X, get ready for X preparations readiness be present, be ready preparations get ready for X prepare, get ready prepare for X, get ready for X set about X, start Xing open, set up, start basis, foundation, ground lay the foundations of X argue found, base founder

KO'RBOQ-

v.int | VX+ib ~ v.int | VX+ib ~ harakat qilN(ish)X uchun harakat qilVX+ishga harakat qil-

urin-

v.int | VX+ishga ~ VX+ishga ~+ib ko'rurinish v.int | VX+ish uchun ~ adj zo'r berv.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ n N(ish)X uchun g'ayrat qilv.int v.t adj n n v.int v.int | N(ish)X uchun ~ n n adj, n n n adj tayyor bo'ltayyor qiln v.t v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ n adj | ~ (bo'l-) n NX+ga ~ ko'rv.t v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ v.t n NX+ga ~ solv.t n

TIRISHtirishqoq INTILG'AYRAT g'ayratlang'ayratlantirishchan ishchanlik QUNT KURASHNOMZOD nomzodlik BEKOR bekorchi bekorchilik TAYYOR tayyorlik tayyorlatayyorlantayyorgarlik HOZIR hozirlik hozirlahozirlankirishOCHASOS asoslaasoschi

175

QO'ZG'Aqo'zg'atQO'Y-

v.t v.t v.t v.int | VX+ib ~ v.int | VX+may ~ yo'lga qo'y-

arouse, stir up, give rise to, cause arouse, stir up, give rise to, cause put forward, give put away, quit, give up do X (and cause a result) stop Xing put into effect, implement throw, throw away do X quickly and thoroughly send do X suddenly and completely be completed bring about, realize X, put X into effect not bad, okay fulfill, complete carry out, fulfill, complete get carried out, fulfilled, completed execution, carrying out, fulfillment execute, carry out, fulfill executant executive fulfillment, carrying out fulfill, carry out developing, progressing develop, progress, advance development, progress, advancement push forward, advance progress conduct X fulfill X to Y(=degree of achievement) (be) busy with X task, operation studies be engaged in X, go in for X change to (an other) X go to (an other) X achieve, obtain X in Y, see X through gain, win, obtain result; conclusion as a result of X have, yield a result achieve results in X effective(ly), with results ineffective(ly), without results result, end effective, with results vain, without results

TASHLAYUBORAMAL BAJO BAJARbajarilIJRO ijrochi ijroiya ADO TARAQQIY taraqqiyot

v.t VX+ib ~ v.t VX+ib ~ amalga oshNX+ni ~+ga oshiradj bajo keltirv.t v.int n ijro et-/qiln adj n ado et-/qiladj taraqqiy qil-/etn oldga suroldga surilNX+ni olib borNX+ni NY+ga olib bor-

MASHG'UL mashg'ulot SHUG'ULLANO'To'tkazERISHQOZONNATIJA

adj | NX bilan ~ (bo'l-) n v.int | NX bilan ~ v.int | (boshqa) NX+ga ~ v.int | (boshqa) NX+ga ~ v.int | NY+da NX+ga ~ v.t n N(gani)X ~+sida natija berNX+da ~+ga erishad ad n adj adj

natijali natijasiz OQIBAT oqibatli oqibatsiz

176

MUVAFFAQ muvaffaqiyat muvaffaqiyatli muvaffaqiyatsiz muvaffaqiyatsizlik MUYASSAR yutuq yutuqli ULGUReplayetishtugatBARTARAF tugallaO'TOLBERFOYDA

VX+ishga ~ bo'ln | N(ish)X+ida ~ muvaffaqiyatga erishmuvaffaqiyat qozonad muvaffaqiyatli chiqadj n muvaffaqiyatsizlikga uchran | N(ish)X+ga ~ bo'ln NX+da ~ qozonadj o'ngidan kelv.int | NX+ga ~ v.t qo'l+idan kelv.int | NX+ga ~ v.t bartaraf bo'lbartaraf qilv.t v.int VX+ib ~ v.int | VX+ib ~ n NX+ning ~+siga bo'lfoyda chiqarfoyda keltirfoyda qiladj adj adj v.int | NX+dan ~ n o'z+ining manfaatga adj adj n n n N(ish)X+dan ~ oladj n adj adj

succeed in Xing, manage to X success in X, achievement in X be successful (person) succeed successful(ly) be successful (action) unsuccessful failure, setback fail, be unsuccessful succeed in X, obtain X, achieve X achievement, success succeed in X successful go ahead successfully (affairs) get to X, reach X in time manage to, do successfully be able to manage attain X, catch up with X finish, complete liquidate, wipe out end, get settled end, settle, get rid of eliminate, eradicate, finish off be valid, be effective, have market X for one's own benefit / suffering X for s.o. else's benefit, assistance advantage, benefit, profit be to the advantage of X take advantage of bring benefit, help bring benefit, help advantageous, beneficial, useful without advantage, not beneficial, useless without advantage, not beneficial, useless take advantage of X, use X, utilize X interest, profit, benefit to one's advantage advantageous, interesting without advantage, uninteresting person looking for advantages beneficiary worth, value, benefit benefit from X without value, not beneficial result, fruit, product fruitful, profitable, efficient fruitless, unprofitable, inefficient

foydali foydasiz befoyda foydalanMANFAAT manfaatli manfaatsiz manfaatparast manfaatdor NAF nafsiz SAMARA samarali samarasiz

177

ZARAR

zararli zararsiz ZIYON

n NX+ga ~ yetkazNX+ga ~ berzarar tortzarar keltirzarar qiladj adj n NX+dan ~ ko'rNX+dan ~ tortziyon keltirziyon tortNX+dan ziyon qiladj adj n talafot ko'rn fido qil-/etadj n n qurbon bo'lqurbon qil-

harm, damage, loss harm X harm X lose, get damage cause damage lose, get damage harmful, detrimental harmless loss, damage, harm suffer loss, damage in X suffer loss, damage in X cause damage sustain loss (in business) suffer loss, damage in X harmful, detrimental harmless loss, damage, harm suffer loss, damage sacrifice sacrifice oneself devoted self-sacrifice, abnegation sacrifice, offerings victime, martyr sacrifice oneself, be sacrificed sacrifice appear, be created make appear, create creator creation create, compose, produce be created, be composed, be produced creator, composer creation, invention create, invent creative, inventive creation creator, inventor creativeness, inventiveness invention invent inventor make, construct man-made, artificial, false build, construct (l/f) rebuild, reconstruct be built, in construction be constituted, composed, made up of X building, construction (l/f) builder, constructor (l/f) develop prosperous, flourishing develop, make prosperous development develop development

ziyonli ziyonsiz TALAFOT FIDO fidokor fidokorlik QURBON

BUNYOD bunyodkor bunyodkorlik YARATyaratilyaratuvchi IJOD ijodiy ijodiyot ijodkor ijodkorlik IXTIRO ixtirochi YASAyasama QURqurilqurilish quruvchi rivojlantirOBOD / OBODON obodonlik obodlashtirobodonchilik

bunyod bo'lbunyod qiln n v.t v.int n n ijod et-/qiladj n n n n ixtiro qil-/etn v.t adj v.t qayta qurv.int v.int | NX+dan ~ n n v.t adj obod qiln v.t n

178

TUZNAMUNA namunali IBRAT o'xshatTAQLID taqlidiy taqlidchi O'RIN (o'rn+i) TUTSAQLA-

v.t n, adj NX+ga ~ bo'lNX+dan ~ oladj n | NX+dan ~ olv.int | NX+ga ~ n NX+ga taqlid qiladj n NX+ning o'rn+ida v.t v.t v.t | NX+dan ~ NX+ning jon+ini ~ v.int v.int | NX+dan ~ n NX+dan himoya qiladj v.t qutqarib qoln adj omon bo'ln adj n v.t v.int v.t n n remont qiln v.t v.t v.t ishdan chiqishdan chiqar-

draw up, form, make model, example be an example to X take X as an example model, exemplary take X as an example, learn from X imitate X copy, imitation copy X, imitate X imitative imitator in X's place hold, keep (l/f) maintain, preserve keep, guard, safeguard, take care of keep, observe (rules) save, preserve, protect from X save X's life be saved, preserved take precautions, guard against X protection, defence, support protect from X, defend, support against X defenceless, helpless save, preserve, rescue, deliver save, preserve (life,...) saviour; rescuer safe, unharmed be safe, unharmed safety with no safety shelter, refuge (l/f) arrange, decorate, adorn recover (from an illness) get better; be mended, be repaired arrange, tidy repair, mend, fix correct proof(s), correction(s) repair(s), maintenance repair, mend, fix repair(s), mending, reconstruction, restoring repair, mend, reconstruct, restore restore perfect be out of order damage lose eliminate, abolish, put to an end be eliminated, be abolished destroy, annihilate, wipe out destroy, annihilate, wipe out

saqlanHIMOYA himoyasiz QUTQARqutqaruvchi OMON omonlik omonsiz BOSHPANA TUZAtuzaltuzattuzatish REMONT TA'MIR ta'mirlatiklamukammallashtir-

YO'QOTyo'qotil-

v.t v.int yo'q qilyo'q qilib tashla-

179

YEMIRyemirilyemiruvchi BUZbuzilYAKSON VAYRON vayrona vayronalik XONAVAYRON

v.t v.int n v.t v.int yakson bo'lyakson qiladj vayron bo'lvayron qiln n adj xonavayron bo'lxonavayron qiladj xarob bo'lxarob qiln n v.int mahv (bo'l-) mahv et-/qiladj v.t NX+ning jon+iga teg-

destroy, smash, erode be destroyed, smashed, eroded destroyer break, destroy, demolish, ruin spoil, corrupt be broken, destroyed, ruined, out of order be spoilt, corrupted get destroyed destroy, devastate, ruin destroyed, devastated get destroyed, devastated destroy, devastate, ruin ruins destruction, devastation, ruin ruined, destroyed be ruined, destroyed ruin, destroy ruined, collapsed, destroyed get ruined, destroyed, damaged ruin, destroy, damage ruins destruction, devastation get ruined, destroyed (get) annihilated, eliminated, destroyed annihilate, eliminate, destroy damaged, broken, injured, hurt damage, break, injure nag X, bother X, annoy X, get X in trouble task, mission, responsability assignment responsability of X give a task, the responsability give a task, the responsability hand over, deliver X to Y entrust Y with X, trust X to Y task, mission mission go on a mission, an assignment responsible of X guilty responsibility person in charge responsible responsibility of X of responsibility without responsibility irresponsibility responsability, charge put Y in charge of X charge Y to X, entrust Y with X take part, participate in X, attend X participation participant participant

XAROB xaroba xaroblik xaroblashMAHV SHIKAST shikastla-

VAZIFA

n N(ish)X ~+si ~ topshir~ ber-

TOPSHIRtopshiriq KOMANDIROVKA javobgar javobgarlik MAS'UL mas'uliyat mas'uliyatli mas'uliyatsiz mas'uliyatsizlik ZIMMA

v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ n n komandirovkaga boradj | NX+ga ~ n n adj n | N(ish)X ~+i adj adj n n NX+ni NY+ning ~+siga yuklaN(ish)X+ni NY+ga havola qilv.int | NX+ga ~ qatnashish n n

QATNASHqatnashchi qatnashuvchi

180

ISHTIROK ishtirokchi DAVOMAT qoldir-

n NX+ga ishtirok et-/qiln n v.t NX+ga quloq qoq-

attendance attend X participant presence, attendance leave, put aside miss respond to X, react to X in answer/response to X get mixed up with X take part in X, interfere in X not interfere interfere, bother about bother X, not leave X in peace keep out of things, stay on the sidelines keep out of things, stay on the sidelines help, assistance help X in Y give help to X, render assistance to X first aid give help to X, render assistance to X helpless help X in Y helper assistant, auxiliary help, assistance help, assist help, assist each other helper assistant help, assistance help X, assist X mutual help, collective work call for help help! partner friend, comrade, companion be partner with X cooperate partnership good-companionship collaborator cooperation cooperate mobilized mobilize mobilization side (one of two opposite sides) side, party on behalf of X neutral, abstainer neutrality, abstention, non-participation supporter on behalf on X side with X, support X

javoban ARALASH-

adv | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ oraga chiqoraga kirNX+ga kun bermachetda qol(o'z+ini) chetga tort-

YORDAM

yordamsiz yordamlashyordamchi KO'MAK ko'maklashko'makchi MADAD HASHAR DOD SHERIK sheriklashsherikchilik HAMKOR hamkorlik SAFARBAR safarbarlik TARAF betaraf betaraflik tarafdor NOM

n N(ish)Y+da NX+ga ~ berNX+ga ~ ko'rsattez yordam NX+ga yordam qiladj v.t | NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga ~ n n v.int o'zara ko'maklashn n NX+ga ~ bern dod solint | dod! n NX+ga ~ bo'lv.int n n n hamkorlik qiladj safarbar qiln n NX+ning ~+idan adj n n NX+ning nom+idan NX+ga yon bos-

181

MASLAHAT

maslahatlashmaslahatchi KENGASH

n NY+ga VX+ishni ~ berCY deb NX+ga ~ berNX+dan ~ so'raNX bilan maslahat qilNX+ga maslahat qilv.int | NX bilan ~ n n NX+ga yo'l o'rgatyo'ldan chiqar-

advice advise X to Y advise X to Y ask advice from X consult X consult X consult X, ask advice from X adviser; consultant, counselor council, advice give X advice mislead recommendation recommend to X recommendation recommend X to Y offer, present, donate X to Y advice, lecture, sermon advise, sermonize

TAVSIYA TAQDIM

n N(ishi)X+ni tavsiya et-/qiln NX+ni NY+ga taqdim et-/qiln nasihat qil-

NASIHAT

182

Circumstances
FURSAT TAVAKKAL tavakkalchi imkoniyat YO'LAKAY n fursatdan foydalanadv tavakkal qiln n N(ish)X munosabat+i bilan adv yo'l-yo'lakay kezi kelganda QOLPAYT VAQT vaqtsiz bemahal BAHONA v.int | NX+dan ~ n n o'z vaqtida adj adj n N(ish)X ~+sida N(ish)X ~ bilan CX deb bahona qiln VX+ishi uchun ~ ko'rsatVX+ishi uchun ~ topad v.int | NX+dan ~ NX+dan ~+ib ketv.t chetda qol(o'z+ini) chetga tortchetlaGAROV chetlab o'tn garov bog'lashgarov o'ynaNX yuz+i ko'rBAXT n NX+ga ~ kelNX+ga ~ keltirbaxtga qarshi baxt+i qora adj adj n adj adj opportunity, chance seize the opportunity chancing take a chance, risk daring person possibility, opportunity on the occasion of X on the way on the way, unexpectedly some time lose X(=opportunity, ability) (opportune) moment time on time, in time untimely untimely, inopportune pretext, excuse under the pretext of X under the pretext of X pretend X excuse, reason make an excuse to find an excuse to for no reason, arbitrari(ly) flee X, run away from X avoid X escape X, evade X let escape, miss keep out of things, stay on the sidelines keep out of things, stay on the sidelines flee; evade, elude pawn, guarantee bet bet, wager bet, wager get access to X good fortune, luck, happiness X be lucky bring luck to X unfortunately unlucky, born unlucky fortunate, lucky, happy unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy misfortune, ill luck unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy fortunate, lucky, happy (moment, event)

VAJ vajsiz QOCHqochir-

baxtli baxtsiz baxtsizlik badbaxt baxtiyor

183

OMAD

omadli omadsiz omadsizlik IQBOL TOLE (tole+i) YAXSHIYAMKI XAYRIYAT QUTLUG' SHO'R BALO

n omad+i bor omad+i kelomad+i ketomadni sinab ko'radj adj n qo'l+i kel(di)n n adv | ~, CX adv | ~, CX adj adj peshana+si sho'r n NX+ga ~ tegbaloga uchran falokatga yo'liqadj n musibat chekmusibat tortadj n tabiiy ofat n n n ko'ngilsizliklarga duchor bo'lNX+ga ~ bo'lduchor qilv.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ NX+ga ~(+ib qol-) v.t achchiq-chuchuk n adj adj n NX+ga qiyinlik qilv.int v.t n v.t

luck, success be lucky be lucky be unlucky try one's luck lucky unlucky ill luck one's luck's in luck, happiness, success luck, fortune, fate fortunately, X what a good thing, X propitious sad, unlucky (fate) unfortunate (sad lot) misfortune, disaster, trouble X be struck by misfortune experience misfortune ill-fortune, disaster, calamity suffer a disaster unfortunate misfortune, disaster experience misfortune, suffer experience misfortune, suffer unfortunate, painful catastrophe, disaster natural disaster crisis, difficulties crisis annoyance, trouble be in trouble meet with X, suffer X(=ill fortune) bring (ill fortune) meet X, run into X, hit upon X experience X(=bad situation), fall ill with X(=illness) meet X, see X, run into X experience X(=bad situation, illness) fall in/on X(=bad situation) suffer, endure (blow, attack) hardship, ups and downs tragedy, tragic situation tragic difficult, complicated, hard difficulty (degree in) present problems to X get difficult make difficult difficulty harass, torture, torment

FALOKAT falokatli MUSIBAT musibatli OFAT TANGLIK KRIZIS ko'ngilsizlik DUCHOR UCHRAYO'LIQTUSHYEFOJIA fojiali QIYIN qiyinlik qiyinlashqiyinlashtirqiyinchilik QIYNA-

184

OSON osonlik osonlikcha OG'IR og'irlik og'irlashog'irchilik ZO'R zo'rg'a YENGIL yengillik yengillashyengillashtirMUSHKUL mushkulot mushkullashMASHAQQAT mashaqqatli mashaqqatsiz ARANG

adj n adv adj n NX+ga og'irlik qilv.int n n zo'r bilan adv adj n v.int v.t adj n v.int n adj adj adv (bir) amallab

easy, light, simple convenience, easiness easily heavy, weighty difficult, hard difficulty, burden, hardship be a burden for X become heavy get worse (l/f) difficulty, hardness force, might, strength with all one's might, strenuously with difficulty, barely enough light (l/f) easiness get lighter (l/f) lighten, make lighter (l/f) arduous, difficult, hard difficulty, arduousness get difficult trouble, difficulty, suffering hard, painful without difficulty with difficulty reluctantly with great difficulty easy, simple fluent(ly), smooth(ly) favourable, easy convenience, easiness unfavourable, uneasy get easier convenient, handy, comfortable convenience, handiness inconvenient inconvenience, disadvantage make easier, facilitate get easier, convenient comfortable, cozy, nice danger, threat be in danger be in danger escape danger dangerous to X, perilous safe safety being safe apprehend X, worry about X danger, hazard (be) in danger dangerous, hazardous safe peril danger (be) in danger put in danger

JO'N RAVON O'NG'AY o'ng'aylik o'ng'aysiz o'ng'aylashQULAY qulaylik noqulay noqulaylik qulaylaqulaylashSHINAM XAVF

adj ad adj n adj v.int adj n adj n v.t v.int adj n xavf ostida bo'lxavf ostida qolxavfdan qochadj | NX uchun ~ adj n xavfsizlikda v.int | NX+dan ~ n xatar ostida (qol-) adj adj xavf-xatar n tahlika ostida (qol-) tahlikaga solib qo'y-

xavfli xavfsiz xavfsizlik xavflanXATAR xatarli bexatar TAHLIKA

185

QALTIS qaltislik qo'rqinchli

adj n adj

perilous, risky, dangerous peril, risk, danger dangerous, perilous

186

Manner
USUL n | VX+ish ~+i method (of Xing), manner (of X), way of (Xing), procedure form, style method, way way, road path way, method style, manner manner, way manner, form, way manner, way way of life way of life means, measures, method indirect direct direct(ly) intermediary through the intermediary of X measure, steps, precaution take steps to X methodical form, shape manner, way means, way, possibility of X have no way out, can't help it as X as possible think of a way, find a solution beyond remedy, without solution having no way out way, means of X action, measures can't help it think of a way, find a solution take measures having no way out beyond remedy, without solution with X, by means of X, and X by means of X, through X, via X by means of X by means of X throughout X, all over X, all along X in accordance with X, in connection with X ever since X in principle, basically in accordance with X, according to X in accordance with X, in consequence of X in accordance with X

METOD YO'L

n n

USLUB RAVISH TARZ YO'SIN

n n n n turmush tarzi yashash ravishi

VOSITA vositali vositasiz bevosita vositachi vositachilik TADBIR tadbirli SHAKL ILOJ

n adj adj ad n n | NX+ning ~+ida n N(ish)X uchun ~ ko'radj n n | N(ish)X+ga ~ iloj+i yo'q iloji boricha AX+roq iloj topadj n | N(ish)X+ga ~ chora+si yo'q chora topchora ko'radj

ilojsiz CHORA

chorasiz

BILAN ORQALI VOSITA YO'L bo'yicha

post | NX ~ post | NX ~ NX+ning vositasi bilan NX+ning yo'li bilan post | NX ~ post | N(gani)X ~

asosan BINOAN yuzasidan

adv post | NX+ga ~ post | NX+ga ~ post | NX ~

187

YARASHA QARAqarab qaramasdan qaramay qaraganda KO'RA foydalanishlatishlatilqo'llaqo'llanqo'llanma ISTE'MOL SUIISTE'MOL TATBIQ SARF sarfiyat sarflaISROF isrofgar isrofgarchilik ZOYE

post | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ post | NX+ga ~ post | N(ishi)X+ga ~ post | N(ishi)X+ga ~ post | NX+ga ~ post | N(ishi)X+ga ~ post | N(ish)X+ga ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t v.int v.t v.int n n iste'mol qiln NX+dan suiiste'mol qiln tatbiq et-/qiln sarf qiln v.t n isrof qiln n adv zoye bo'lzoye ketzoye qilv.int | NX+ga ~ yaramas adj | NX+ga ~ adj v.t v.int | NX+ga ~

according to X, corresponding to X look at X, watch X, gaze at X in accordance with X although X, notwithstanding X although X, notwithstanding X in comparison with X considering X in accordance with X, according to X, because of X take advantage of X, use X, utilize X use, utilize, employ be used, utilized, employed adopt, use, employ be adopted, be used, be employed instruction(s), guide use; consumption make use of; consume misuse, use wrongly, abuse misuse X, use X wrongly use, implementation apply, employ, adopt expenses; expenditure, spending spend loss, wastage, expense spend wasting, squandering waste, squander waster, squanderer wasting, squandering in vain, at a loss be in vain, be wasted be in vain, be wasted waste, squander be useful, helpful for X of no use, useless well-suited, suitable; useful for X unsuitable; of no use, useless spare, pity use sparingly, make best use of lean on/against X rely on X go out, exit do X thoroughly devote o.s. to X devoted, loyal, staunch devotion, dedication, sincerity devoted, dedicated devotion, dedication deepen (l/f) deepen (l/f) diligently, conscientiously, wholeheartedly give one's life do wholeheartedly with all one's heart

YARAyaroqli yaroqsiz AYAtayan-

CHIQberilIXLOS JONKUYAR jonkuyarlik chuqurlashchuqurlashtirASTOYDIL

v.int v.int | VX+ib ~ v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ berilgan n adj n v.int v.t adv jon berjon-tan bilan

188

hayvonlarcha atroflicha yuzaki betayin betayinlik shaxsan YAQIN DIQQAT

adj n ad yarim-yorti adj n adv yaqindan n diqqat! diqqat bilan N(gani)X uchun ~ bo'ldiqqat qiladj n n NX+ga ~ bere'tiborga ole'tibor bilan adj NX+ga ~ qaran diqqat-e'tibor n NX+dan ~ bo'lehtiyotdan ehtiyot qilad n v.t v.int adj n adv v.t v.int | NX+dan ~ n NX+ga parvo qiladj n n parvarish qiladj puxta qiln jon kuydir-

like beasts of burden in detail, thoroughly superficial(ly) (l/f) (only) half, anyhow, haphazardly unclear, imprecise, vague untidy, muddle-headed imprecision, vagueness untidiness personally directly, intimately attention, care, caution attention! / look out! carefully, attentively be worried, anxious about X pay attention to, be careful with inattentive, careless inattention, carelessness attention authority pay attention to X take into consideration attentively inattentive pay no attention to X, neglect X inattention, carelessness attention, seeing and hearing care, caution, safeguard be careful, cautious, prudent with X as a precaution treat with care, caution set aside, reserve not paying attention, careless(ly), imprudent inattention, carelessness guard, take care of guard against, protect o.s. of careful, cautious, prudent, circumspect precaution, care, caution carefully, cautiously, prudently, sparingly keep, guard, safeguard, take care of take precautions, guard against X attention, notice pay attention to X, take notice of X careless, negligent carelessness, negligence care, tending take care of, tend strong, durable, thick, firm thorough, efficient, proper(ly) careful, prudent, deliberate be careful, be attentive efficiency carefulness be concerned with, care for, treasure pay attention to X guard, watch

diqqatsiz diqqatsizlik E'TIBOR

e'tiborsiz e'tiborsizlik EHTIYOT

ehtiyotsiz ehtiyotsizlik ehtiyotlaehtiyotlanehtiyotkor ehtiyotkorlik ehtiyotkorona SAQLAsaqlanPARVO beparvo beparvolik PARVARISH PUXTA

puxtalik

ZEHN POYLA-

NX+ga zehn qo'yv.t

189

KUTBOQboqim boqimsiz boquvchi QARAqarashTEJAunutuvchan unutuvchanlik HUSHYOR hushyorlik OGOH ogohlantir-

v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ n adj n v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t adj n adj n adj v.t ogohlantirib qo'yko'r-ko'rona n nazorat qiln n n atrofli ravishda ad n ad joyida n adv n zo'rlik bilan n n adv v.t v.int n n v.int | NX+ga ~+ib bern adj n g'irromlik qiln yolg'on gapiryolg'on so'zlan n | NX+ning ~+i v.t

wait for look after, receive, entertain (guests) take care of X, bring up X feed X, pasture X care, supervision, maintenance uncared-for, abandoned herder watcher, tender look after X, take care of X help X, lend a hand to X save, economize take care of, care for, look after absent-minded, inattentive absent-mindedness, inattention vigilant, attentive, watchful vigilance, attention cautious, careful, watchful, vigilant warn, caution, remind, admonish warn, caution, remind, admonish blindly, blindfold control, supervision control, supervise controller, inspector, supervisor control, check, inspection inspector, auditor in an all-round way quiet(ly), calm(ly), gentle(ly), careful(ly) quietness, calmness, gentleness, carefulness smooth(ly); level just right, smoothly crude and rash action, madness madly, crudely and rashly violence violently brute, violent person violence, brutality secretly cheat, deceive be cheated, be deceived cheat, swindler, deceiver trickery, swindle, trap deceive, fool cheat, cardsharper dishonest dishonesty, cheating cheat lie, falsehood lie, tell lies lie, tell lies guise, cover under the guise of X mask, disguise, conceal

NAZORAT nazoratchi KONTROL REVIZOR OSOYISHTA osoyishtalik TEKIS JOY telbalik telbalarcha zo'rlik zo'ravon zo'ravonlik yashirincha ALDAaldanaldamchi aldamchilik FIRG'IRROM g'irromlik YOLG'ON

NIQOB niqobla-

190

TUZOQ

n NX+ga ~ qo'ytuzoqqa tushn n NX+ga ~ ishlatNX+ga hiyla qiladj adj n NX+ga nayrang qiln hiyla-nayrang hiyla-nayrang o'tmug'ombirlik qil-

trap set a trap for X fall into the trap trap cunning, guile, trick, ruse trick, cheat, deceive X trick, cheat, deceive X tricky sly, cunning trick, cunning trick, deceive X cheat cunning, trick, ruse use cunning use cunning, pretend cunning, deceitful, perfidious cunning, deceitfulness, perfidy cunningly, deceitfully, perfidiously crafty, deceitful trickery, slyness, cunning use trickery, cheat, deceive malice, spite do things maliciously

QOPQON HIYLA hiylali hiylagar NAYRANG nayrangboz

MAKKOR makkorlik makkorona AYYOR ayyorlik shaytonlik

adj n adv adj n ayyorlik qiln shaytonlik qil-

191

Attitudes
Behaviour
MUOMALA n NY+ga AX ~ bo'lNY+ga AX muomala qiladj | AX ~ xatti-harakat XULQ qiliq POZITSIYA YAXSHI yaxshilik yaxshilikcha EZGU DURUST MULOYIM muloyimlik muloyimlashxushfe'l xushfe'llik YUMSHAyumshatyumshoq yumshoqlik ko'ngilchan n n o'z+ini tutn ad n adv adj adj adj n v.int adj n v.int ko'ngl+i yumshav.t adj ko'ngl+i yumshoq yumshoq ko'ngilli n adj ko'ngl+i oq oq ko'ngilli odamiy odamgarchilik YOMON yomonlik YOVUZ yovuzlik yovuzlashyovuzlarcha YIRTQICH yirtqichlik yirtqichlarcha adj n ad n adj n v.int adv adj n adv behaviour, conduct relations behave X towards Y treat Y X having a X character, behaviour conduct, behaviour disposition, character, temper behaviour manners behave position, attitude good, fine, well, nice, kind kindness, goodness; good deed in earnest, willingly good, kind, benevolent upright, correct, good soft, mild, silken gentle, mild, fond softness, mildness, gentleness mellow gentle, mild, kind gentleness, mildness, kindness turn soft, become mellow turn soft, become mellow soften ease, soften, pacify soft, mild soft-hearted soft-hearted softness, mildness soft-hearted, good-hearted kind-hearted, frank, honest kind-hearted, frank, honest humane humaneness, humanity bad, wicked, evil evil deed evil, ferocious evil; evil deed act ferociously fiercely, ferociously predatory, ferocious predation, ferocity like a predator

muomalali

192

VAHSHAT vahshatli VAHSHIY vahshiylik vahshiyona

n vahshat qiladj adj n adj ko'ngl+i qora qora yurak ko'ngl+i qattiq qattiq ko'ngilli fe'l+i yaxshi fe'l+i yomon xulq+i yaxshi xulq+i yomon

brutality, savageness, barbarity act, behave barbarously, savagely brutal, savage, barbarous savage, brutal, barbarous, cruel savage, brutal, barbarous, cruel act savagely, brutally, barbarously, cruelly dishonest, evil minded evil hard-hearted hard-hearted of of of of good character bad character good character bad character

SHO'X sho'xlik SAXIY saxiylik SAXOVAT saxovatli MURUVVAT muruvvatli

adj n adj | NX+ga ~ n adj n n adj ko'ngl+i keng yurag+i keng ochiq qo'lli qo'l+i ochiq

naughty naughtiness generous, liberal towards X generosity, liberality generosity, philantropy generous, philantropic, charitable humanity, generosity, leniency humane, generous, lenient generous generous generous generous noble, high, magnanimous nobleness, nobility, magnanimity virtue, worth, moral character virtuous, of worth, with high moral character narrow and limited, mean narrow and limited, mean mean, spiteful (person) meanness, spite, spitefulness low, mean lowness, vileness low, mean (people) vile, low vile action, low conduct wretched, lowly, disgusting loathsome, contemptible, mean mean action meanly dirty (l/f), filthy, muddy mean dirtiness, dirt mean action scoundrel, bastard personality, inner-self self-esteem selfish, egoist selfishness, egoism

OLIJANOB olijanoblik FAZILAT fazilatli

adj n n adj | (yaxshi) ~ ko'ngl+i tor yurag+i tor

BAXIL baxillik PAST pastlik pastkash yaramas QABIH RAZIL razillik razilona IFLOS ifloslik ABLAH shaxsiyat shaxsiyatparast shaxsiyatparastlik

n, adj n adj n adj, n adj yaramas qiliq adj adj n ad adj n n n n n

193

XUDBIN xudbinlik XASIS xasislik ZIQNA ziqnalik dunyoparast pulparast VIJDON vijdonli vijdonsiz vijdonan AXLOQ axloqli axloqiy axloqsiz axloqsizlik buzuq

adj n adj n adj n n n n adj adj adv n axloq+i buzuq adj adj adj n adj fisq-fasod

egoist, selfish egoism, selfishness mean, stingy, miserly stinginess, avarice, miserliness mean, stingy, miserly stinginess, avarice, miserliness greedy, grasping person moneygrubbing, grasping person conscience with a conscience conscienceless in all conscience morals, morality immoral of high moral standards well-mannered moral immoral, mean, wicked ill-mannered immoral action broken, spoilt, out of order unprincipled, dissolute, licentious rumors, intrigue; immoral, promiscuous daddy's boy, rich man's son dandy just, fair, impartial fairness, justice, impartiality fair(ly), just(ly) justice, righteousness impartial, neutral impartiality, neutrality impartial(ly) honesty, fairness, conscience be fair, be just honest, fair dishonest, unfair, conscienceless dishonesty, crookedness dishonest, unfair dishonesty, crookedness honest(ly) honesty honest(ly), sincere(ly) honesty, sincerity honest, sincere, upright (man or words) rightness, correctness honesty, sincerity, uprightness faithful, true, loyal, sincere faithfulness, loyalty, sincerity faithfulness, fidelity, devotion faithful, devoted unfaithful, not devoted clean, openhearted devoted, loyal, staunch

boyvachcha ODIL odillik odilona ADOLAT XOLIS xolislik xolisona INSOF insofli insofsiz insofsizlik noinsof noinsoflik HALOL halollik SOFDIL sofdillik TO'G'RI to'g'rilik SODIQ sodiqlik SADOQAT sadoqatli sadoqatsiz beril-

n adj n ad n adj n ad n insof qiladj adj n adj n adj n ad n adj n adj n n adj adj ko'ngl+ida kir yo'q berilgan

194

IXLOS JONKUYAR jonkuyarlik ochiq

n adj n adj adv ko'ngl+i ochiq ochiq ko'ngilli ochiq ko'ngillik ochiq yuzli ro'yi-rost adv adj chindan chin dildan chin ko'ngildan n adj adj n adj n ad n n adv adj n adj adj n n adj, n n n NX+ga xiyonat qil-/etn n ad n adj n xoinlik qiladv v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ adj NX+dan yuz+ini o'giradj n g'irromlik qil-

devotion, dedication, sincerity devoted, dedicated devotion, dedication open openly, clearly, frankly frank, straightforward; good-natured frank, straightforward; good-natured frankness; goodness friendly frankly frankly, openly true, sincere (words) in all sincerity, indeed with all one's heart in all sincerity, indeed sincerity, earnestness sincere, true (words) sincere, hearty, cordial sincerity, good faith, wholeheartedness insincere insincerity, bad faith warm (l/f), tepid warm(ly), hearty(ly) hypocrite, dissembler hypocrisy, dissembling, deceit hypocritically, deceitfully false, forged sham, hypocritical sham, hypocrisy false, forged hypocritical two-faced, hypocritical double-dealer, hypocrite hypocrisy, double character hypocritical, treacherous; hypocrite hypocrisy, betrayal treachery, betrayal betray X, deceive X traitor (action of) treachery, betrayal breaking faith, perfidious, treacherous traitor, renegade treacherous betrayal betray treacherously sell, offer for sale sell out, betray sell o.s. to X mercenary, bribable turn one's face away from X dishonest dishonesty, cheating cheat

DANGAL CHIN

CHINAKAM SAMIMIY samimiylik samimiyatsiz samimiyatsizlik iliq RIYOKOR riyokorlik riyokorona SOXTA soxtalik QALBAKI IKKIYUZLAMA ikkiyuzlamachi ikkiyuzlamachilik MUNOFIQ munofiqlik XIYONAT xiyonatchi xiyonatkorlik xiyonatkorona XOIN xoinlik xoinlarcha SOTsotilsotqin G'IRROM g'irromlik

195

VA'DA

n NY+ga VX+ishga ~ berCX deb ~ berva'da+si ustidan chiqva'da+si ustida turva'dani buzv.int | VX+ishga ~ n NX+ga ~ berso'z+i ustidan chiqso'z+ida tur-

promise, word, pledge promise Y to X, make a promise to Y, guarantee X promise to X keep one's promise keep one's promise break one's promise promise (each other) to X words, speech, statement word, promise give one's word to X, promise X keep one's word keep one's word words, language; promise promise be true to X(=promise), keep one's word breaking one's word, unfaithful, disloyal breaking one's word, unfaithful, disloyal unfaithfulness, disloyalty a man of his word oath take an oath to X, swear to X take an oath to X, swear to X go back on one's word go back on one's word swear X in oath take an oath to X swear X in swear X in believe in X trust X distrust, mistrust, suspicion mistrust X (positive) belief, confidence in X trustworthy, reliable not trustworthy, unreliable distrust, mistrust, suspicion doubt, suspicion be doubtful, be suspicious about X doubt, suspect be doubtful, be suspicious about X (Y) have doubts about X suspicion, doubt (about people) (X) be suspicious of Y suspect X, doubt X suspicious, dubious about X be suspicious, be doubtful about X sociable refinement, tenderness refined, tender unrefined

va'dalashSO'Z

LAFZ VAFO vafosiz bevafo bevafolik vafodor QASAM

n n NX+ga vafo qiladj adj n adj n NX uchun ~ ichVX+ay deb ~ ichqasam+idan qaytqasam+ini buzNX+ga ~ bern N(gani)X uchun ~ ichNX+ga ~ berNX+ga ~ ichirv.int | N(ish)X+ga~ v.int | NX+ga ~ n NX+ga ~ bilan qaran | NX+ga ~ adj adj n n NX+ga ~ bilan qarav.t v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t | NX NY+ni ~ n NY+dan NX+ning ~+i bor NX+dan gumon qiladj | NX+dan ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ n n adj adj

ONT

ISHONishonmaslik ishonch ishonchli ishonchsiz ishonmovchilik SHUBHA shubhalashubhalanshubhalantirGUMON gumondor gumonsiraODAMSHAVANDA NAZOKAT nazokatlik nazokatsiz

196

ADAB / ODOB adabli / odobli adablilik boadab adabsiz adabsizlik beadab beadablik xushmuomala xushmuomalalik MARHAMAT

n NX+ning ~+i beradj n adj adj n adj n adj n xushmuomalalikdan n NX+ga marhamat qil-

politeness, manners, upbringing teach X a lesson polite, courteous, well-mannered decency, propriety well-bred, polite impolite, discourteous, ill-mannered impoliteness, discourtesy ill-mannered, impolite, obscene impoliteness, obscenity polite, courteous, solicitous politeness, courtesy, solicitude out of politeness consideration, favour, grace please be considerate to X swear at, curse insult, mockery humiliate, insult humiliate, insult insult insult, offend insulting, offending insult, offend abuse, use bad language, scold abuse, insult be abused, get scolded swear abusive; foul-mouthed

QARG'ATAHQIR tahqirlaHAQORAT haqoratli haqoratlaSO'Kso'kish so'kilso'kin-

v.t n tahqir qilv.t n haqorat qiladj v.t v.t n v.int v.int og'z+i buzuq

197

Feelings
SEVsevilsevinsevishsevgi sevikli sevimli MUHABBAT muhabbatli ISHQ ishqiy ISHQIBOZ JON JONAJON JAJJI MEHR MEHRIBON mehribonlik v.t o'z-o'zini sevNX+ni ~+ib qolv.int v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int n adj adj n | NX+ga ~ NX+ga ~+i tushadj n adj n adj adj adj n NX+da ~ bor adj n yaxshi ko'radigan yigit yaxshi ko'radigan qiz OSHIQ n NX+ga ~ bo'loshiq-ma'shuq XUSHTOR xushtorlik SHAYDO JAZMAN DILBAR DILDOR YOR o'ynash xotinparast SILAerkalaO'Po'pich BO'SA QUCHOQ quchoqlaquchoqlashadj | NX+ga ~ NX+ga ~ bo'ln adj | shaydo (bo'l-) n n n n n n v.t v.t v.t n n bo'sa oln v.t v.int love love each other fall in love with X be loved rejoice at X, be glad, delighted with X love each other love beloved, cherished, darling beloved, cherished love, affection for X fall in love with X full of tenderness, affection love love fan, admirer dear, beloved very dear, dearest cute, small and sweet (of a child) love love X affectionate, kind affection, kindness boyfriend girlfriend person in love, lover be, fall in love with X (pair of) lovers in love with X fall in love with X passion (be) madly in love lover; mistress sweetheart, darling (of a woman) sweetheart, darling (of a woman) loved one, friend lover; mistress womanizer stroke, caress, pat pet, caress, stroke; pamper kiss kiss kiss kiss embrace embrace embrace (each other)

198

DO'ST do'stlik do'stlashdo'stona o'rtoqlarcha BIRODAR birodarlik birodarlashbirodarlarcha INOQ inoqlik inoqlashRAFIQ rafiqa QADR qadrli qadrdon AZIZ YOQyoqimli yoqimlilik yoqimsiz yoqimtoy yoqimtoylik ISHVA ishvali XAYRIXOH xayrixohlik

n do'st bo'ln v.int ad adv NX+ni o'z+iga ulfat qiln n v.int adv adj | NX bilan ~ n v.int n n n adj adj n, adj v.int | NX+ga ~ adj n adj adj n n adj NX+ning ko'ngl+ini oladj | NX uchun ~ n xayrixohlik qilbir-birini tushunadj n v.t n adj n NX+ga ~ bilan qaraadj v.int | NX+dan ~ n NX+ga xusumat qiladj n NX ust+ida adovat qiladj adj

friend make friends friendship make friends friendly friendly, in a friendly way be friendly with X friend, brother friendship, fraternity fraternize fraternally close, intimate with X closeness, intimacy become friends (male) friend wife (female) friend worth, value dear, esteemed; held in esteem dear, esteemed and beloved, close dear, respected, esteemed (one) be pleasing to X, appeal to X pleasant, pleasing pleasantness, charm unpleasant, unpleasing pleasant (person) pleasantness, charm interest in one's appearance appearance-conscious (try and) win X's sympathy sympathetic to X, well-wishing for X sympathy show sympathy understand one another harmonious, close harmony, closeness miss, long for longing, nostalgia longing, nostalgic hatred, loathing, disgust hate X, loathe X, despise X hatred hate X, loathe X, despise X hatred, hostility, enmity show hatred, hostility, enmity to X full of hatred, hostile hostility, enmity be hostile to X, nurse hatred hostile without hatred

AHIL ahillik SOG'INsog'inch sog'inchli NAFRAT nafratli nafratlanXUSUMAT xusumatli ADOVAT adovatli adovatsiz

199

G'ARAZ g'arazli beg'araz GINA KEK QASD ko'rolmaslik KUNCHI kunchilik RASHK rashkli rashkchi HASAD hasadli hasadchi SUQ suqlanNAFS NAFSONIYAT TILAtilak QUTLAQUTLUG' AFSUS afsuslanATTANG O'KINo'kinch o'kinchli PUSHAYMON TAVBA qayg'urG'AM g'amxo'r g'amxo'rlik

n ad adj n NX+dan gina qiln n n adj n n NX+ni rashk qiladj n n NX+ga hasad qiladj n NX+ni ko'ra olman v.int | suqlanib qaran nafs+i buzuq nafs+i yomon n v.t | NY+ga N(ish)X+ni ~ n v.t v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ adj int afsus(ki), CX afsus qilv.int | N(gani)X+ga ~ afsuslanish int attang qilv.int | N(gani)X+ga ~ n adj vijdon azobi n N(gan)X+i uchun pushaymon qiln tavba qilv.int | N(gani)X uchun ~ NX+ning ust+ida ~ yeadj n g'amxo'rlik qil-

grudge, resentment (evil) design, (ill) intent resentful intentional(ly), deliberate(ly) disinterested, impartial resentment be offended with X grudge, ill-will (evil) design; grudge jealousy, envy, hatred jealous jealousy jealousy be jealous of X jealous jealous people envy, jealousy envy X, be envious, be jealous of X envious, jealous envious, jealous people envy X envious, greedy look enviously at desire, greed, lust dissatisfied, discontented greedy, grabbing self-esteem, vanity wish X (for Y) wish congratulate greet, express good wishes for congratulate X on the occasion of Y propitious what a pity! what a pity that X regret regret for/that X regret what a pity!, what a shame!, darn it! regret regret for X, be sorry about X regret, vexation regrettable, unfortunate remorse regret, repentance regret (that) X remorse, regret repent, regret show solicitude for X, look after X worry about X showing solicitude, caring solicitude, care show solicitude for, care for

200

NX+ga ko'z-quloq bo'lHIMMAT himmatli himmatsiz ILTIFOT iltifotli iltifotsiz behafsala tashlandi suyansuyanch suyanchiq tayantayanch tayanchiq DALDA n adj adj n NX+ga iltifot qiladj adj adj adj v.int | NX+ga ~ n n v.int | NX+ga ~ n n NX+ning ko'ngl+ini ko'tarn NX+ga ~ bo'lNX+ga ~ berv.int v.t n v.int n v.t adj | NX+ga ~ n | NX+ga ~ n adj n NX+ga rahm qiladj n adj adj n n adj adj n NX+ga ~ ko'rsatNX+ga shafqat qiladj adj n rahm-shafqat AYAv.t NX+ga mehr qilqattiq qo'l qattiq qo'llik sovuqlik n

keep an eye on X(=person) solicitude, consideration, kindness solicitous, attentive, watchful, kind without solicitude favour, grace, consideration show X consideration, do X a kindness considerate, kind unkind, without consideration indifferent, negligent abandoned, neglected lean on/against X (l/f) support (of action) support (person) lean on/against X support (of action) support (person) cheer X up comfort, support be a comfort to X, relieve X comfort X, support X be consoled, quieten comfort, quieten, soothe, console consolation calm down consolation, comfort comfort, calm, soothe sympathetic towards X sympathy towards X sympathize pitiful, piteous pity, mercy show mercy to X, have pity on X merciless, cruel, ruthless cruelty, ruthlessness merciless, cruel, ruthless merciful, kindhearted benevolence consideration, favour, grace merciful, kindhearted merciless, cruel, ruthless mercy, compassion, kindness show mercy, compassion to X show mercy, compassion to X merciful, compassionate, kind merciless, cruel, ruthless cruelty, ruthlessness mercy, pity, compassion spare, pity show mercy to X unfeeling, cold-blooded, cruel coldness, cruelty coldness, chilliness

OVUNovuntirovunch YUPANyupanch YUPAThamdard hamdardlik ACHINachinarli RAHM rahmsiz rahmsizlik berahm RAHMDIL rahmdillik MARHAMAT marhamatli marhamatsiz SHAFQAT shafqatli shafqatsiz shafqatsizlik

201

MINNATDOR minnatdorlik minnatdorchilik SHUKUR noshukur TASHAKKUR

adj | NX+dan ~ n n NX uchun ~ bildirn NX+ga shukur qiladj n NX uchun ~ aytNX uchun ~ bildirn NX uchun ~ aytNX uchun ~ bildir(sizga) (katta) rahmat!

grateful, obliged, indebted to X thanks gratitude, gratefulness express one's gratitude for X thanks thank X ungrateful thanks, gratitude thank, be grateful for X thank, be grateful for X thank thank for X thank for X thank you (very much)

RAHMAT

202

Self-Image
KIBR kibrli kibrlanKEKKAYGERDAYTAKABBUR takabburlik takabburlantakabburona DIMOG' dimog'dor G'URUR g'ururli MAG'RUR mag'rurlik mag'rurlanmag'rurona FAXR faxriy faxrlanIFTIXOR iftixorli MANMAN manmanlik maqtanmaqtanchoq maqtanchoqlik n adj v.int v.int kekkaygan v.int adj n v.int adv n adj adj n adj adj n v.int adv n VX+gani uchun faxr qiladj v.int | VX+gani bilan ~ n NX bilan iftixor etadj adj n v.int n n katta gapirog'z+i katta burn+i ko'tarilBILshaxsiyat NAFSONIYAT shuhratparast shuhratparastlik SODDA soddalik SODDADIL KAMTAR kamtarlik kamtarona MO'MIN v.t | NX biln n adj n adj n adj adj n adv adj haughtiness, arrogance, airs haughty, arrogant put on airs put on airs stuck up put on airs arrogant, conceited, proud arrogance, conceit, pride be/get arrogant, conceited arrogantly, conceitedly mood, humour arrogant, proud arrogant, proud pride, arrogance proud, arrogant proud, arrogant pride, arrogance be/get arrogant proudly, arrogantly pride be proud of X honorary be proud of X pride be proud of X proud self-important, boastful self-important, boasting, self-praise pride o.s., boast, brag braggart, boaster boastfulness boast boastful be conceited regard oneself as a X personality, inner-self self-esteem self-esteem, vanity avid of glory, ambitious ambition (for glory) simple, plain, naive simplicity, plainness, naivety simple, ingenuous, naive modest, unassuming modesty modestly, unassumingly modest, unassuming

203

TORTINtortinchoq tortinchoqlik UYAT uyatli uyatsiz uyatchang uyatchanglik UYALuyaltirUYATIRSHARM HAYO hayoli hayosiz SIPO kamgap MALOL bemalol IZZA

v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ adj n n uyatga qoladj adj adj n v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ adj v.t n n N(ish)X+dan hayo qiladj adj sharm-hayo adj n n NX+ga ~ keladj n izza bo'lizza tortizza qiln or+i yo'q or+i keladj n N(ish)X+ga nomus qiladj adj adj or-nomus izzati nafs o'z+ini tuta bil-

be shy of X, be hesitant for X be ill at ease with X shy, bashful timidity, shyness shame, sense of shame be ashamed, humiliated shameful (behaviour, feeling) shameless, impudent bashful, shy timidity, shyness, sense of modesty be / feel shy of X embarrass, make feel uncomfortable make ashamed bashfulness, modesty bashfulness, shyness, sense of modesty be bashful about X, be / feel shy of X bashful, shy shameless, impudent bashfulness, modesty reserved, discreet, shy reserved, taciturne embarrassment, inconvenience be inconvenient, difficult for X easily, freely, without trouble shame, embarrassment, confusion feel ashamed, be ill-at-ease feel ashamed, be ill-at-ease embarrass, abash sense of shame, shame (have) no shame feel ashamed shameless, impudent honour sense of modesty, shame be shy of X, bashful Xing with honour without honour without honour dishonest sense of shame and honour self-respect be reserved, sober, unassuming chastity, virginity chaste, virgin disgrace, shame bring disgrace, shame to X disgrace(ful), shame(ful) bring disgrace, shame to X bring shame upon o.s. disgracefully offence, insult ill-use X, offend X be offended be offended inoffensive, harmless

OR orsiz NOMUS nomusli nomussiz benomus

IFFAT iffatli ISNOD SHARMANDA sharmandalarcha OZOR

n adj n NX+ga ~ keltirn, adj NX+ning ~+sini chiqarsharmanda bo'ladv n NX+ga ~ berozor yeozor topadj

beozor

204

XAFA xafalik xafagarchilik / xafachilik haqoratlahaqoratlano'pkalaSURBET surbetlik surbetlarcha yuzsiz yuzsizlik

adj | NX+dan ~ NX+dan ~ bo'lxafa qiln n v.t v.int v.int | NX+dan ~ NX+ni aybga oladj n adv adj n

offended by X be(come) offended by X offend offence (taken) offence (taken) insult, offend take offence take offence at X take offence at X impudent, insolent, impertinent impudence, insolence, impertinence impudently, insolently, impertinently insolent, impudent insolence, impudence

205

Authority
E'TIBOR e'tiborli e'tiborsiz OBRO' / OBRO'Y obro'li obro'siz obro'sizlanobro'sizlantirqaram qaramlik MUSTAQIL mustaqillik BUYURbuyruq n NX+ning ~+i bor e'tibor topadj adj n adj adj v.int v.t adj NX+ga ~ bo'lqaram qiln ad n bosh ko'tarv.t | NY+ga N(ish)X+ni ~ n buyruq berbuyruq olbuyruq qiln n n n n v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~ ad v.t | NY+ga CX ~ n da'vo qilv.int n | NX+dan ~ N(ish)X+ni NY+dan talab qiladj n n n | NX+dan ~ N(ish)X+ini NY+dan iltimos qiln v.t | N(ish)X+ini NY+dan ~ n n v.int v.int | N(ish)Y uchun NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ authority have authority obtain authority with authority without authority authority, influence; reputation, prestige influential; reputable, prestigious without authority, prestige get discredited discredit dependent get dependent on X make dependent, bring to subjection dependence independent independence lift / keep one's head up order Y to X, command Y to X order, command give an order receive an order give an order authoritarian authoritarianism order, command, decree order, decree, measures order, instruct, request ask X from Y, inquire after X from Y ask for X from Y, request X from Y without permission say X to Y, tell Y X, ask Y to X (X in direct speech, esp. imperative) claim, claiming claim, demand claim, demand demand on X, request to X demand X from Y, require X from Y demanding, strict strictness request, petition request to X beg Y to X, ask X from Y petition, request implore Y to X, beg Y to X request, plea complaint, plea beg, implore, beseech beg X to Y, plead X with Y beg X, plead X

buyruqboz buyruqbozlik FARMON FARMOYISH AMR SO'RAso'roqsiz DEDA'VO da'volashTALAB talabchan talabchanlik talabnoma ILTIMOS iltimosnoma O'TINo'tinch ZOR zorlanYALINYOLVOR-

206

NX+ga murojaat qil-/etko'rsatma n yo'l-yo'riq yo'l-yo'riq ko'rsatqaratqaratilrioyali rioyasiz rioyagarchilik INTIZOM intizomli intizomsiz intizomsizlik TARTIB tartibli tartibsiz bebosh BO'YSUNbo'ysundirITOAT itoatsiz itoatsizlik itoatkor v.t | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ NX+ga rioya qiladj adj n n adj adj n n adj adj adj v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t n NX+ga itoat et-/qiladj n itoatsizlik qiln NX+ga quloq osNX+ga quloq solNX+ga bo'yin egbosh egNX+ga yon berNX+ning gap+iga kirTAKLIF n NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga taklif qil-/etRUXSAT n | N(ish)X+ga ~ n | N(ish)X uchun ~ NX+ga ~ berN(ish)X+ga ~ olN(ish)X uchun ~ olN(ish)X+ga ~ so'raNX+ga ruxsat qilruxsat bor ruxsat yo'q ruxsatingiz bilan adj n | N(ish)X uchun ~ N(ish)X+ga ~ berijozat olijozat bor ijozat yo'q ijozat so'raNY+ning VX+ishi uchun yo'l qo'y-

address oneself to X, make a request to X, call upon X instruction(s) directions, instructions show directions, give instructions direct to X be directed to X observe, respect X, comply with X(=rules) disciplined undisciplined leniency discipline disciplined undisciplined indiscipline discipline well-disciplined ill-disciplined, undisciplined ill-disciplined, undisciplined uncontrolled obey X, submit to X, be obedient to X submit obedience, submission obey X, submit to X disobedient disobedience disobey obedient person listen to X, obey X, take heed of X listen to X, obey X, take heed of X obey X submit to X give in to X listen to X, obey X agree with X suggestion, proposal, offer invitation invite X to Y, offer X to (do) Y permission for/to X, leave permission for/to X, leave give permission to X, permit, grant leave get, receive permission for/to X get, receive permission for/to X ask permission for X give permission to X, permit, grant leave have permission not have permission with your permission without permission permission for/to X give permission for/to X get, receive permission for/to X have permission not have permission ask permission allow Y to X

ruxsatsiz IJOZAT

207

JAVOB TAQIQ taqiqlataqiqlan-

N(ish)X+ga ~ beradj | VX+ishga ~ taqiq qilVX+ish taqiq qilinv.t | VX+ishni ~ taqiqlab qo'yv.int N(ish)X+ni man et-/qilman etil-/qilin-

give permission for X forbidden to X, taboo ban, forbid X be forbidden forbid X forbid, ban be forbidden, be banned forbid X be forbidden forbidden (by religion) forbid (by religion) be forbidden (by religion) do not X (imperative) agreeable, reasonable, suitable agreed!, very fine! agree with X approval agree with, approve of all right!, OK! it does not matter if X remain, stay OK with X, let X reception acceptance be received, accepted receive, accept agree to X refusal consent, permission, blessing, leave give leave/permission to X receive blessing from X mutual agreement approval, ratification approve, ratify, sanction approve, ratify, sanction be approved, ratified agree to X refusal come to an agreement persuade to X agreement, treaty, pledge agree to X, pledge to X, decide to X rejection refusal reject X, turn down X refuse X refuse X from capriciousness admit, acknowledge admit, acknowledge X admit, acknowledge acknowledge, admit, recognize

HAROM

adj harom et-/qilharom etil-/qilinVX+a ko'rmaadj NX+ga ~ bo'ln v.t int CX+sa, ~ v.int v.int | VX+a ~ n qabul bo'lqabul qil-/et-

KO'RMA'QUL ma'qullik ma'qullaMAYLI QOLQABUL

ROZI rozilik rozichilik TASDIQ tasdiqlatasdiqlanUNAunamaslik unashunatAHD RAD

adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) rozi bo'lmaslik n N(ish)X+ga ~ berNX+dan ~ oln n tasdiq qilv.t v.int v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ n v.int v.t | N(ish)X+ga ~ n N(ish)X+ga ahd qiln rad javobi N(ish)X+ni rad qil-/etN(ish)X+dan bosh tortCX deb tarang qilbo'yn+iga ol-

IQROR

n | NX+ga ~ bo'lv.int | tan ole'tirof et-/qil-

208

KECHkechir-

kechirim AVF

v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t kechirish kechirasiz! kechiring! n kechirim so'ran avf so'raNX uchun avf etn N(gani)X uchun NY+dan ~ so'rauzr ayt-

forgive X forgive forgiveness, pardon excuse me! excuse me! pardon beg one's pardon, apologize apology apologize forgive, excuse apology apologize to Y for X apologize

UZR

209

Appraisal
MAQTAmaqtanmaqtov taqdirlaMADH OLQISH olqishlaQARSAK v.t maqtab yuborv.int n taqdir et-/qilv.t n n olqishlar v.t n qarsak chalqarsak urn chapak chaln v.t | N(gani)X bilan ~ v.int v.int v.t v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ n NX+ga xushomad qiladj ko'klarga ko'taryashang! MUKOFOT mukofotlamukofotlanMUNOSIB munosiblik LOYIQ SAZOVOR qo'llaYOQLAHOMIY homiylik oqlaoqlanTANBEH tanbehlaNASIHAT n NX+ga NY ~ bermukofot olv.t v.int adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) n adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ (bo'l-) v.t v.t n n homiylik qilv.t o'z+ini oqlav.int n NX+ga ~ berNX+ning ~+ini yev.t n nasihat qilpraise, commend, compliment highly praise, glorify, commend pride o.s., boast, brag praise, commend appraise, evaluate appraise, praise, commend praise, apology applause, acclamation applause, acclamations applaud, acclaim applause, clapping applaud, clap applaud, clap clapping, applause clap, applaud congratulation, compliment, greetings congratulate on X, compliment on X be congratulated, complimented congratulate, compliment one another greet, express good wishes for congratulate X on the occasion of Y compliment, flattery pay a compliment to X, flatter X flattering praise to the skies well-done! reward, award give X a reward of Y receive a reward reward, recompense be rewarded deserving X merit suitable for X, fit X; deserving X worthy of X, deserving X support, back, stand up for defend, argue in favour of, protect protector, defender, intercessor protection, defense, intercession protect, defend, intercede, take under one's wing absolve, clear justify o.s., clear o.s. be proved innocent warning, remonstrance warn X, remonstrate be warned by X warn, remonstrate advice, lecture, sermon advise, sermonize

CHAPAK TABRIK tabriklatabriklantabriklashQUTLAXUSHOMAD XUSHOMADGO'Y

210

TA'NA ta'nali TANQID tanqidiy tanqidlatanqidchi ayblaayblanSHIKOYAT

n NY+ning N(ish)X+ini ta'na qilta'na eshitadj n tanqid qil-/etadj v.t n v.t v.int n NX+dan shikoyat qilNX+ning haq+ida shikoyat qiln arz qil-/etn v.int NX+ni yuz+iga solv.t v.int NX+dan gap yen n n NX+ni mazax qilNX+ni mazax qilib kulv.t n n masxara bo'lNX+ni masxara qiladj v.t v.int n n mayna bo'lNX+ni mayna qiln kalaka bo'lkalaka qilv.int v.int | NX+ning ust+idan ~ kulgiga qoladj kulgili bo'ln kinoya qiladj v.int n adj n

reproach reproach Y for X , reprove for X suffer reproach reproachful criticism criticize critical criticize critic accuse, put the blame on, find fault with get blamed complaint complain of X(=misfortune) complain about X(=person) complaint, plea, request complain complaint, wailing complain, wail blame X accuse be accused be told off by X denouncement, informing; slander informer, telltale; slanderer mockery, fun poke fun at X, make fun of X have a laugh at X's expense poke fun at, make fun of mocker mockery, scoffing, sneer be mocked, be scoffed at mock X, scoff at X, sneer at X mocking, scoffing, sneering mock, scoff at, sneer at be mocked, be scoffed at entertainer, clown foolery, jesting be ridiculed, be scoffed at ridicule X, scoff at X mockery, scoffing be mocked, be scoffed at mock, scoff laugh have a laugh at X's expense be laughed at, make a fool of o.s. making one laugh, ridiculous get ridiculous irony be ironic ironic be ironic, gibe with sarcastic language irony ironic irony, hint

ARZ DOD dodlaqoralaqoralanCHAQIM chaqimchi MAZAX mazaxlamazaxchi MASXARA masxarali masxaralamasxaralanmasxaraboz masxarabozlik MAYNA KALAKA

KULkulgili KINOYA kinoyali kesatISTEHZO istehzoli SHAMA

211

KAMSITXO'R

v.t adj xo'r bo'lxo'r qiln | NX+ga NX+ga ~ bilan qarahurmat qiladj adj v.t n izzat qiladj v.t n adj n NX+ga ~ berNX+ga ~ ko'rsatNX+ga ta'zim qilv.t n qadr qiladj qadr-qimmat n NX+ga ~ bo'lNX+ga ~ qolNX+ni qoyil qiln adj shon-shuhrat n NX+ning ~+i uchun NX+ning ~+iga adj shon-sharaf n | NX/AX ~+i n n adj mashhur qiln n adj adj n adj n v.t

humiliate, belittle humiliated be humiliated humiliate respect for X, honour respect X, have respect for X, honour X respect X, have respect for X, honour X respected, respectable, honourable disrespectful respect, have respect for, honour respect, esteem respect, have respect for, hold in esteem respected, held in esteem respect, have respect for, hold in esteem respect, honour dear, respected, honoured respect, regard show respect to X, bow to X show respect to X, bow to X show respect to X, bow to X respect, pay homage to honour, value honour, esteem, regard dear, esteemed; held in esteem honour and dignity self-respect, dignity, honour admire X admire X do X admirably, wonderfully glory, honour glorious, honourable fame and glory honour in X's honour in X's honour honourable, honorific honour and glory noteworthy, famous people in X(=realm) figure, personality fame, (good) reputation famous, well-known glorify fame, glory fame, glory famous, glorious avid of glory, ambitious fame, prestige famous, prestigious fame, glory glorify, venerate

HURMAT hurmatli hurmatsiz hurmatlaIZZAT izzatli izzatlaEHTIROM MUHTARAM TA'ZIM

SIYLAQADR qadrli SHA'N QOYIL

SHON shonli SHARAF sharafli ARBOB SIYMO OVOZA MASHHUR mashhurlik SHUHRAT shuhratli shuhratparast DONG dongdor DOVRUQ ulug'la-

212

Community
Family
tug'ishgan URUG' urug'dosh urug'doshlik AYMOQ NASL nasldosh nasldor xonadon SULOLA SHAJARA QARINDOSH qarindoshlik JIGAR OILA oilali oilaviy oilasiz UY RO'ZG'OR n n n n n urug'-aymoq n n n n n n n qarindoshlar n qarindosh-urug' n n oila a'zolari adj adj oilaviy ahvol oilaviy holat adj n uy bekasi n uy-ro'zg'or uy-ro'zg'or ishlari uy-ro'zg'orli uylarni yig'ishtirxonaki AYOLMAND FAMILIYA AJDOD BOBO BUVA BIBI BUVI adj adj n n ota-bobolar n n n n relative, relation seed clan, family of the same clan clanic system relative, kin, clan relatives, kith and kin blood lineage, tribe young generation, descendants of the same lineage of high birth family dynasty dynasty genealogy sibling, relative the relatives sibling relation relatives, relations, kith and kin nearest and dearest family, household members of the family having a family family marital status marital status having no family home, family housewife household household housework, household duties household do the housework, the household hand-made, home-made domestic (animal) (of the) family surname, last name forefathers, ancestors older generations, forefathers grandfather grandfather grandmother grandmother, granny

213

bobo va buvi OTA otalik DADA ADA ONA onalik OYI AYA ENAGA AMAKI TOG'A AMMA XOLA AKA UKA OPA SINGIL (singl+i) n n n n n n n n ota-ona n n n n n n n aka-uka n n opa-singil aka-singil EGIZAK amakivachcha tog'avachcha ammavachcha xolavachcha AVLOD NASL BOLA bolali bolasiz FARZAND farzandlik farzandli farzandsiz O'G'IL (o'g'l+i) o'g'illik o'g'illi n n n n n n n n bola-chaqa adj adj n n farzandlikka oladj adj n n adj | numX ~

grand parents father fatherhood, paternity daddy, papa daddy mother motherhood, maternity mummy mummy father and mother, parents wet nurse uncle (father's brother) uncle (mother's brother) aunt (father's sister) aunt (mother's sister) (elder) brother (younger) brother brothers (elder) sister (younger) sister sisters brother and sister twin(s) cousin (child of father's brother) cousin (child of mother's brother) cousin (child of father's sister) cousin (child of mother's sister) later generations, descendants young generation, descendants child children large and small having children childless child state of being a child adopt (as one's children) having children childless boy son state of being a son having X sons

214

QIZ qizlik qizli KATTA kattakon KICHIK

n n adj | numX ~ adj adj adj katta-kichik

girl, maiden daughter state of being a daughter having X daughters big, large grand; eldest, elder huge, immense elder small, little younger young and old youngest (child), last born nephew niece grandchild grandchild grandson granddaughter great-grandchild great-great-grandchild great-grandchild matchmaker matchmaking get married to X (for a man) marry (one's son) take a wife divorce (for a man) marital life (for women) get married (for a man or a woman) marry (one's daughter) get married to X (for a woman) get married (for a woman) get married (for a woman) marry (one's daughter) marriage wedding married unmarried, single nuptial curtain dowry (paid by the bridegroom's family) dowry bride daughter-in-law (son's husband) bride's witness life as a daughter-in-law bridegroom son-in-law (daughter's husband) brother-in-law (younger sister's husband) bridegroom's witness

KENJA JIYAN NEVARA NABIRA

n, adj n qiz jiyan n n o'g'il nabira qiz nabira n n n n n v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t xotin olxotin qo'y-

EVARA CHEVARA ABIRA SOVCHI sovchilik uylanuylantir-

TURMUSH

n turmush qurturmushga berNX+ga turmushga chiqerga qilerga teg-

UZATNIKOH nikohli nikohsiz CHIMILDIQ QALIN SEP KELIN kelinlik KUYOV

v.t n nikoh to'yi adj adj n n n n kelin dugona n n kuyov jo'ra

215

ajral-

ajrashTALOQ

v.int | NX bilan ~ ajralish ajralgan ajralmas v.int | NX bilan ~ n NX+ni ~ qo'yNX+ga ~ berNX+ni taloq qilerdan ajralerdan chiq-

separate from X, divorce X separation, divorce, parting divorced inseparable separate from X, divorce X repudiation repudiate X, divorce X repudiate X, divorce X repudiate X, divorce X get divorced (of women) get divorced (of women) single, unmarried (of men) state of being single, the life of a single man single, unmarried (esp. of women) single, unmarried (of women) widow(ed) widower widow widowhood, widowerhood widow, widower widower widow widowhood, widowerhood widows and orphans orphan(ed) state of being an orphan widow widows and orphans man, male husband, man married (of a woman) unmarried (of a woman) husband woman wife married (of a man) unmarried (of a man) man and wife, married couple coupledom wife husband's second or former wife -in-law father-in-law mother-in-law brother-in-law (wife's or husband's elder brother) brother-in-law (wife's or husband's younger brother) sister-in-law (wife's or husband's elder sister) sister-in-law (wife's or husband's younger sister) sister-in-law (wives of brothers in relation to each other) brother-in-law (elder sister's husband or husband's elder brother)

BO'YDOQ bo'ydoqlik

adj n turmush qurmagan turmushga chiqmagan

TUL tullik BEVA bevalik YETIM yetimlik YESIR ER erli ersiz XO'JAYIN XOTIN xotinli xotinsiz

adj tul erkak tul xotin n n beva kishi beva xotin n beva-bechora n n n yetim-yesir n, adj adj adj n n adj adj er-xotin er-xotinlik

RAFIQA KUNDOSH QAYIN QAYNATA QAYNANA QAYNAG'A QAYNI / QAYNINI QAYN'EGACHI QAYNSINGIL OVSIN POCHCHA

n n adj n n n n n n n n

216

BOJA YANGA KELINOYI QUDA QUDAG'AY O'GAY

n n n n quda taraf n adj o'gay bola o'gay o'g'il o'gay ona o'gay ota o'gay qiz

brother-in-law (wife's sister's husband) sister-in-law (elder brother's wife) sister-in-law (elder brother's wife) father/mother of son/daughter-in-law relations by marriage mother of son/daughter-in-law stepstepchild stepson stepmother stepfather stepdaughter

217

Social Life
HAYOT hayotsiz TURMUSH tirikchilik KUN n adj n n n kun kechirTANItanish notanish tanishtanishtirtanishuv BEGONA begonalik begonalashO'ZGA ALOQA v.t n tanishlar adj | NX+ga ~ adj v.int | NX bilan ~ NX bilan ~+ib olv.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ n tanish-bilish adj begona kishi begona odam n v.int | NX+dan ~ adj n | NX bilan ~ NX bilan ~ bog'laNX bilan ~ ornatNX bilan ~ uzNX bilan aloqa qiln | NX bilan ~ NX bilan ~ uzbordi-keldi JUDO SENSIRASHERIK sherikchilik OSHNA oshnalik OG'AYNI JO'RA O'RTOQ o'rtoqlarcha adj | NX+dan ~ bo'lNX+ni NY+dan judo qilv.t n n n n n oshna-og'ayni n n ad life (lived), livelihood life (existence) lifeless, dull life (lived), livelihood livelihood day time, days, life live, get along know, be acquainted with acquaintance acquaintances familiar with X unknown, unfamiliar get acquainted with X get acquainted with X introduce X to Y (process of) getting acquainted acquaintance unknown stranger, unknown person stranger, unknown person strangeness become estranged from, grow away from X strange, stranger contact, communication with X link to X, connect with X set up relations with X break off, lose contact with X be/keep in touch with X relations, connections with X break off relations with X contact, relationship be separated from X separate X from Y use (familiar) 'sen' when speaking to partner friend, comrade, companion partnership good-companionship friend, acquaintance relationship, acquaintance friend, pal friends and relations friend, pal companion, comrade, colleague, friend friendly, in a friendly way

MUNOSABAT

218

ULFAT ulfatchilik RAFIQ rafiqa DO'ST do'stlik do'stlashdo'stona DUGONA SIRDOSH topishYAQIN QO'SHNI qo'shnichilik YOLG'IZ yolg'izlik O'Z

n NX+ni o'z+iga ulfat qiln ulfatchilik qiln n n do'st bo'ln v.int ad n n v.int | NX bilan ~ NX+dan yuz+ini o'giryaqinlar n n ad yop-yolg'iz n pro o'z+i bir o'z+i yolg'iz o'z+i ad n adj yakka-yakka yakkama-yakka n v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | (NX bilan) ~ n NX+ga ~ belgilav.t n NX+ga ~ kelv.int | NX+ga ~ n yuzma-yuz v.int | NX bilan ~ betma-bet v.t NX+ni borib ~ NX+ni kelib ~ NX+ni ~+ishga borNX+ni ~+ishga kelv.int | (NX bilan) ~

companion, friend be friendly with X company, friendly relations keep company, have contact with (male) friend travelling companion, colleague wife (female) friend friend make friends friendship make friends friendly (female) friend close friend, special friend get acquainted, make friends with X turn one's face away from X near ones, close relatives neighbour neighbourhood alone, solitary, single quite alone loneliness, solitude self, own alone alone alone alone, solitary loneliness, solitude alone, individual alone, by oneself in private isolation, solitude isolate meet X, run into X, hit upon X experience X(=bad situation), fall ill with X(=illness) meet one another (with X) appointment, rendez-vous, meeting make an appointment with X meet, run into, hit upon encounter, meeting meet X, run into X meet X, see X, run into X experience X(=bad situation, illness) face face to face meet with X face to face see, meet visit X (social) visit X (social) pay X a visit, call X on, visit X pay X a visit, call X on, visit X see, meet one another (with X)

TANHO tanholik YAKKA yakkalik yakkalaUCHRAuchrashuchrashuv uchratDUCH YO'LIQYUZ yuzlashKO'R-

ko'rish-

219

MULOQOT ZIYORAT

n n ziyorat qil-

appointment, rendez-vous, meeting pilgrimage visit visit call on, (pay a) visit (to) remember, ask for (a person) call, register call the register (of X) greetings, salutation greet X, salute X extend greetings to X hello! exchange greetings greet X, salute X respect, regard show respect to X, bow to X show respect to X, bow to X show respect to X, bow to X goodbye! take leave of X part, take leave one another part from X, take leave from X farewell take leave one another, pay homage to X separation nostalgia suggestion, proposal, offer invitation invite X to Y, offer X to (do) Y be invited to X invitation card invitation invite host guest be invited be on a visite pay a visite pay a visite invite X as a guest entertain a guest hospitable, welcoming hospitality guest, visitor welcome! greet, welcome congratulate greet, express good wishes for reception acceptance be received, accepted receive, accept reception hours

YO'QLAyo'qlama SALOM

v.t n yo'qlama qiln NX+ga ~ berNX+ga ~ bildirsalom! v.int v.int | NX bilan ~ n NX+ga ~ berNX+ga ~ ko'rsatNX+ga ta'zim qilint NX bilan xayr qilv.int v.int | NX bilan ~ n v.int | (NX bilan) ~ n

salomlashso'rashTA'ZIM

XAYR xayrlashALVIDO VIDOLASHFIROQ

TAKLIF

n NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga taklif qil-/etN(ish)X+ga taklif qilin-/etiln

taklifnoma DA'VAT MEZBON MEHMON n da'vat qil-/etn n mehmon bo'lmehmonda bo'lmehmonga bormehmonga kelNX+ni ~+ga chiqarmehmon qiladj n n xush kelibsiz! NX+ni qarshi olQUTLAQABUL v.t n qabul bo'lqabul qil-/etqabul soatlari

MEHMONDO'ST mehmondo'stlik keluvchi

220

KUT-

v.t kutib ol-

kutilUZATKUZATHAMROH yo'llayo'llanma

v.int v.t v.t NX+ga ~ bo'lv.t n

wait for look after, receive, entertain (guests) receive, entertain (guests) go and meet, pick up (sb somewhere) be entertained, be received accompany, send off, see off see off, accompany, send off accompany X direct, show the way, send off guidebook, directions, instructions permit, pass, authorization hold (meeting, ceremony) be held (meeting, ceremony) take part, participate in X, attend X attendance attend X (regularly) attend X meeting, conference, assembly parliament, assembly convene a meeting open a meeting close a meeting collect, gather gather, meet, assemble gathering, meeting meeting, gathering party, social gathering, meeting have a party birthday anniversary birthday (every 12 years on Nowruz) banquet, social entertainment entertain X, give hospitality to X entertain X, give hospitality to X party, banquet enjoy oneself at a party, banquet celebration, feast (wedding, circumcision...) cradle feast wedding circumcision feast wedding circumcision feast hold a feast circumcision feast wedding present (or for other feasts) master of ceremonies feasting and merry-making account book for noting gifts received a period of 40 days (esp. after birth, wedding) ceremony, rite

o'tkazo'tkazilQATNASHISHTIROK BORMAJLIS

v.t v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ n NX+ga ishtirok et-/qilNX+ga borib turn majlis chaqirmajlis ochmajlis yop-

YIG'yig'ilyig'ilish yig'in o'tirish

v.t v.int n n n o'tirish qiltug'ilgan kun(+i) n muchal to'yi n NX+ga ~ berNX+ni ziyofat qiln bazm qiln beshik to'yi nikoh to'yi o'g'il to'yi qiz to'yi sunnat to'yi to'y qilxatna to'yi n n to'y-tomosha n n n

yillik ZIYOFAT

BAZM TO'Y

to'yona TO'YBOSHI sharbatnoma CHILLA MAROSIM

221

ko'rik

n ko'rikdan o'tko'rikdan o'tkazn tantana qiladj v.t v.int n v.t | N(gani)X bilan ~ n hayit qiln bayram kuni bayram qildiniy bayram n n qurbon bayram qurbon hayit ro'za hayit hosil bayrami

review, inspection be reviewed review celebration, festivity, triumph solemnity celebrate, cheer ceremonious, solemn commemorate, celebrate be commemorated, celebrated congratulation, compliment, greetings congratulate on X, compliment on X feast, festival celebrate a festival holiday, festival holidays celebrate a festival religious holiday (traditional) festival Nowruz, the day of new year, March 21st feast of the Sacrifice feast of the Sacrifice end of the Ramadan the harvest festival parade prayer for the dead burial bury bury (corpse) burial be buried (corpse) mourning mourn X mourning mourner mourning be in mourning mourner condolence, sympathy gave one's condolence to X

TANTANA tantanali nishonlanishonlanTABRIK tabriklaHAYIT BAYRAM

SAYIL NAVRO'Z

PARAD JANOZA DAFN KO'Mko'milMOTAM motamli motamdor AZA azador TA'ZIYA

n n n dafn et-/qilv.t ko'mish v.int n NX uchun ~ tutadj n n aza tutn n NX+ga ~ bildir-

222

Society
jamiyat JAMOA JAMOAT jamoatchilik hamjamiyatlik IJTIMOIY SOTSIAL AHOLI QABILA qabilaviy QAVM NASL TOIFA EL ELAT YURT yurtlik yurtdosh XALQ xalqchil xalqaro UMUMXALQ MILLAT millatchi millatdosh millatparvar MILLIY milliylik VATAN vatandosh vatanparvar vatanparvarlik MAMLAKAT mamlakatlararo GRAJDAN grajdanlik FUQARO fuqarolik n n n, adj n n adj ijtimoiy ahvol n n numX aholisi n adj n n n n n n n n el-yurt n adj adj adj n mayda millat n adj n adj n n n n n n ad n n n n society association, society, union community, group (the) public, (the) people, common community social participation community social social condition social population, inhabitants population of X (inhabitants) tribe tribal tribe, clan blood lineage, tribe young generation, descendants tribe, race country, land people, population race, tribe native place, homeland people, population inhabitant fellow villager, townsman, provincial peoples, populations people, masses, nation folk, popular international national (of property) nation minority (ethnic) group nationalist compatriot person taking care of the nation national, ethnic national characteristics fatherland, homeland compatriot patriot patriotism country, nation international(ly) citizen citizenship people, inhabitant national, citizen common people, ordinary people nationality

223

CHET

adj chet el chet el(lar)da chet elli chet ellik adj n n adj adj n hijrat qiln n surgun qiln adj adj n n n n n NX olijanoblari n n n n X janoblari

foreign foreign country abroad foreign foreigner foreign foreigner abroad, foreign countries foreign (e.g books) foreign emigration emigrate migrant, exilee, refugee exile, deportation exile, deport class (social, school, transport) class (social) classless descendant of the first four caliphs lord, master economy master, owner boss descendant of Muhammad sir, nobleman, majesty His Majesty the X nobleman, prince noblewoman nobleman, aristocrat gentleman Sir, Mister Excellency His Excellency X lady, woman Madam bourgeois bourgeoisie bourgeois proletarian proletariat slave slavery slavish(ly) slave owner female slave nomad; nomadic nomadism farmer, peasant, farm-worker city dweller city dweller

AJNABIY XORIJ xorijiy TASHQI HIJRAT MUHOJIR SURGUN

SINF sinfiy sinfsiz XO'JA xo'jalik XO'JAYIN SAYID OLIJANOB BEK beka OQSUYAK JANOB

XONIM BURJUA burjuaziya BURJUY PROLETAR proletariat QUL qullik qullarcha quldor CHO'RI ko'chmanchi ko'chmanchilik DEHQON shaharlik

n n n adj n n n n ad n n n, adj n n shahar kishisi n

224

UMUM umumiy umumiylik umumlashtirOLOMON GAVJUM XALOYIQ OMMA ommaviy ommalashtirommabop ommaboplik KISHI ODAM ko'pchilik ozchilik KENG XOS XUSUSIY shaxsiy shaxsiyat DAYDI SAYOQ DOIRA qarindoshchilik

n adj n v.t n adj n n adj v.t adj n kishilar odamlar n n adj adj hammaga xos adj adj n adj adj, n n n qarindosh-urug'chilik tanish-bilishchilik

everybody, the public general, common, public, universal universality generalize, collectivize crowd(s), the masses crowded, full of people the public, everybody the masses, people mass, people's, common popularize popular, common popularity people people majority everybody, many people minority broad, wide, vast, spacious extensive, wide-spread personel, private public personal, private individual, private personality, inner-self stray, wandering vagrant, tramp circle, sphere, limits nepotism family network (and its use) acquaintance's network (and its use) regular gathering held by a group of friends leader in a gap women's gathering group, flock, heap gather, group group group of Xs, gang of Xs group system, structure team, crew team, brigade organize, found, establish form, make up organization organizer organized organize establish, found

GAP JO'RABOSHI TO'P to'plashGURUH TO'DA GRUPPA tuzum KOMANDA BRIGADA

n n bibi seshanba n, meas v.int n n | NX+lar ~+si n, meas n n n tashkil qil-/et-

tashkilot tashkilotchi tashkiliy tashkillanO'RNAT-

n n adj v.int v.t

225

TA'SIS UYUSHuyushtiruyushma BIR birlik birlashbirlashtirbirlashma BIRDAM birdamlik BIRIKbiriktirITTIFOQ ittifoqsizlik ittifoqlashittifoqdosh hamjihat hamjihatlik tanlov NOMZOD nomzodlik KANDIDAT qo'shilKIRA'ZO a'zolik KLUB MARKAZ markaziy markazlashtirOLIY MAS'UL mas'ulli mas'uliyat mas'ulsiz KATTA BOSH boshliq boshchilik RAHBAR rahbarlik DOHIY dohiylik YO'LBOSHCHI yo'lboshchilik

n ta'sis et-/qilv.int v.t n num n v.int v.t n adj n v.int v.t n n v.int n adj n n tanlov ko'rigi n n n v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ n partiya a'zosi n n n adj v.t adj n adj n | N(ish)X ~+i adj n n, adj n n boshchilik qiln n rahbarlik qiln n n n

establishment, foundation establish, found unite, ally unite, ally organize, form union, federation, association one unity unite unite, combine alliance, union unanimous, standing together unanimity, solidarity unite unite union, alliance disunity unite, become allied ally (being) together, joint, united solidarity, union competition, selection competition, (competitive) examination candidate application candidate be added to X, be included to X join X, participate to X enter X(=organization) member Party member membership club centre (location and organization) central centralize, concentrate high, highest, supreme person in charge in charge, responsible responsibility of X not in charge, not responsible senior, chief, head head, chief, top, main chief, leader direction, leadership chair, lead leader leadership lead, rule leader leadership leader leadership

226

SARKARDA RAIS raislik HUKM hukmdor HOKIM hokimlik hokimiyat HUKMRON TOBE (tobe+i) tobelik SEKRETAR sekretariat SAYLAsaylansaylov saylovchi OVOZ

n n n hukm surn n NX+ning ust+idan ~ bo'ln hokimlik qiln adj oq soqol n NX+ga ~ bo'lNX+ni NY+ga tobe qiln n n v.t v.int | NX+ga ~ n saylov qutisi n n bir ovozdan NX+ga ovoz berv.t NX+ga ~ berNX+ga ~ berNX+ga ~ ichiraybga qoln n odatda adj n urf-odat n n adj adj n n n v.t n

leader, commander-in-chief president; chairman, director, leader presidency; leadership reign over in power, ruling local ruler, judge ruler rule over X, dominate X ruling, dominant position rule over, dominate power, rule, domination, regime in power, ruling white-beard, chief, leader (traditional) subject, subordinate become subject to X (Y) make X subject, submit X, conquer X subordination, dependence secretary secretariat elect, vote for, choose be elected to X(=office) election ballot box voter, elector vote, voice unanimously vote for X elect, promote swear X in swear X in swear X in fall into disgrace campaign habit custom, usage habitually, customarily, usually ordinary, usual, regular custom(s) custom(s) custom, tradition, habit tradition traditional traditional tradition folklore rule, regulation regularize regulations, statute

KO'TARQASAM ONT AYB KAMPANIYA ODAT ODDIY URF RASM AN'ANA an'anaviy TRADITSION TRADITSIYA FOLKLOR QOIDA qoidalashtirNIZOM

227

QONUN qonuniy qonuniylik qonunsiz qonunsizlik qonunlashqonunlashtirRASMIY rasmiyat rasmiyatchi rasmiyatchilik rasmiylashrasmiylashtirMUNTAZAM QOG'OZ qog'ozboz qog'ozbozlik HUJJAT

n adj n adj n v.int v.t adj n n n v.int v.t adj ZAGS bo'limi n qog'ozlar n n n hujjatlar

law legal, lawful legality, lawfulness lawless illegal lawlessness illegality be legalized legalize official procedures, formalities formalist formalism get officialized officialize regular, official registry office paper documents, papers burocrat burocracy, red tape document, paper (attesting) document documents, papers (attesting) documents with document attached documentary document attestation, certificate driving licence driving licence passport visa form form list, register register X register, check in get registered registration contract, agreement, treaty sign a contract, make an agreement (written) contract, treaty, pact sign a treaty, a pact agreement, treaty, pledge make an agreement, sign a treaty come to an agreement treaty, pact approval, ratification approve, ratify, sanction approve, ratify, sanction be approved, ratified signature sign X

hujjatli DOKUMENT guvohnoma PRAVO PASPORT VIZA BLANK / BLANKA VARAQA RO'YXAT

adj n n haydovchi guvohnomasi n n n n n n NX+ni ro'yxatga olro'yxatdan o'tro'yxatdan o'tkazn n bitim tuzn shartnoma tuzn ahd tuzv.int n n tasdiq qilv.t v.int n, adj NX+ga qo'l qo'y-

REGISTRATSIYA BITIM shartnoma AHD ahdlashahdnoma TASDIQ tasdiqlatasdiqlanQO'L

228

IMZO imzosiz imzolaimzolanATTESTAT SHAHODAT shahodatnoma KAFIL kafillik KAFOLAT GARANTIYA garantiyalanruxsatnoma yo'llanma IMTIYOZ imtiyozli imtiyozsiz NAMUNA NISHON nishonlaSOVRIN TAMG'A tamg'ali tamg'alaMUHR muhrlaBAYROQ bayroqdor GIMN

n NX+ga ~ chekadj v.t v.int n n shahodat bershahodat qiln n n NX+ga ~ bern n NX+ga ~ berv.int ruxsat qog'ozi n n n adj adj n, adj n v.t n n NX+ga ~ bosadj v.t n NX+ga ~ bosv.t n n n

signature sign X anonymous sign be signed certificate, testimonial evidence, testimony, reference give a testimonial, reference give a testimonial, reference certificate, testimonial witness, guarantor guarantee five X a guarantee guarantee guarantee five X a guarantee be guaranteed permit permit permit, pass, authorization (special) privilege having privilege without special privilege model, example distinction, decoration commemorate, celebrate prize brand, stamp, trade-mark; coat-of-arms stamp, seal, place a seal on X branded, stamped brand, stamp seal, stamp stamp, seal, place a seal on X stamp, seal flag, standard standard-bearer (l/f) hymn, anthem

229

State and Politics

DAVLAT davlatlararo JUMHURIYAT RESPUBLIKA PODSHOH / PODSHO podshohlik / podsholik SHOH SHAHZODA SULTON SALTANAT XON xonlik xonli AMIR amirlik QIROL qirollik qirolicha MALIKA IMPERIYA IMPERATOR RAIS raislik raisxona PREZIDENT prezidentlik VAZIR vazirlik MINISTR ministrlik n adj n n n n podsho(h)lik qiln n n n n n adj n n n n n n n n n n n n n n bosh vazir n n n davlat arbobi shahar boshlig'i HUDUD hududiy O'LKA VILOYAT OBLAST RAYON TUMAN POYTAXT MUSTAMLAKA mustamlakachilik n adj n n n n n n n n state, government; state, national between states republic republic padishah, king kingdom; reign; royal reign, rule shah (crown) prince sultan reign, rule; empire khan khanat khan, monarchical emir emirate king kingdom queen (reigning queen or king's wife) princess empire emperor president; chairman, director, leader presidency; leadership presidential residence president presidency minister prime minister ministry minister ministry statesman mayor frontier (of a territory) territorial territory, region, district, country, land province, region province, region district, region, area district, region capital (city) colony colonialism

230

KONSTITUTSIYA HUKUMAT KABINET O'RDA MAJLIS

n n hukumat boshlig'i n n n Oliy Majlis

constitution government prime minister cabinet horde (turk, mongol) palace, court meeting, conference, assembly parliament, assembly the National Parliament parliament member of Parliament assembly congress congress session council council, conference conference conference, association, society forum committee presidium, board commission representative, delegate, deputy represent delegation plenary powers, mandate delegation deputy, representative place to sit, seat, place to sleep power, rule, domination, regime municipality council, chancellery house of council official, civil servant senior official, apparatchik official, administrator administrative position administrative administration (public services) official position, post, rank careerist official title, rank diplomat diplomatic diplomacy

PARLAMENT parlamentar ASSAMBLEYA QURULTOY KONGRESS SESSIYA SHO'RO KENGASH KONFERENSIYA ANJUMAN FORUM KOMITET HAY'AT KOMISSIYA VAKIL vakillik VAKOLAT DELEGATSIYA DEPUTAT O'RIN (o'rn+i) hokimiyat DEVON devonxona amaldor CHINOVNIK MA'MUR ma'murlik ma'muriy ma'muriyat MANSAB mansabparast mansabdor UNVON DIPLOMAT diplomatik diplomatiya

n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n vakil bo'ln n n n n n shahar hokimiyati n n n n n n adj n n n n n n adj n

231

ELCHI elchixona KONSUL konsulxona MAFKURA mafkuraviy IDEOLOGIK IDEOLOGIYA SIYOSAT siyosatchi siyosatboz SIYOSIY PARTIYA partiyaviy partiyasiz oqim millatchi millatchilik milliylashtirirqchi JAHONGIR jahongirlik IMPERIALIST imperialistik IMPERIALIZM podshohparast / podshoparast respublikachi DEMOKRAT demokratlashdemokratik demokratiya DIKTATOR DIKTATURA LIBERAL liberalizm kapitalist kapitalistik kapitalizm sotsialist sotsialistik sotsializm KOMMUNIST kommunistik KOMMUNIZM SOVET ANARXIST ANARXIYA ANARXIZM

n n n n n adj adj n n n n adj n adj adj n n n v.t milliy ma'naviyat n n n n adj n n n n v.int adj n n n n n n adj n n adj n n adj n n n n n

ambassador embassy consul consulate ideology ideological ideological ideology policy, politics statesman politician political party party, inner-party outside the party, independent current, trend (l/f) nationalist nationalism nationalize national spirituality racist conqueror; imperialist imperialism imperialist imperialist imperialism monarchist republican democrat democratize democratic democracy dictator dictatorship liberal liberalism capitalist capitalist capitalism socialist socialist socialism communist communist communism Soviet anarchist anarchy anarchism

232

SO'L so'llik / so'lchilik O'NG o'nglik / o'ngchilik SAF safdosh O'RTOQ insonparvar insonparvarlik ISLOH islohot islohotchi islohotchilik REFORMA reformator REFORMIST REFORMIZM JADID jadidchilik INQILOB inqilobiy inqilobiylashtirinqilobchi REVOLUTSION revolutsionlashtirrevolutsioner REVOLUTSIYA to'ntarilish NAMOYISH namoyishchi TASHVIQOT tashviqotchi TARG'IBOT targ'ibotchi PROPAGANDA PROPAGANDIST VARAQA SHIOR SENZOR SENZURA

adj n adj n n n n | ~ NX n n n isloh qiln n n n n n n n n n inqilob qiladj v.int n adj v.t n n n davlat to'ntarilishi n namoyish qiln n NX+ni tashviqot qiln n n n propaganda qiln n n n n

left-wing leftism right-wing rightism rank, front companion-in-arms comrade X humanist humanism reform reform reform reformist reformism reform reformer reformist reformism jadid, reform jadidism revolution, uprising revolt, carry the revolution revolutionary revolutionize revolutionary revolutionary revolutionize revolutionary revolution revolution, overthrow coup d'etat, putsch demonstration, march demonstrate, march demonstrator, protester agitation, propaganda campaigning for X agitator, propagandist propaganda propagandist propaganda spread propaganda propagandist leaflet slogan censor censorship

233

Conflict and Justice

Conflict
TO'QNASHto'qnashuv ADOVAT adovatli adovatsiz XUSUMAT xusumatli DUSHMAN dushmanlik dushmanlashYOV RAQIB raqiblik RAQOBAT raqobatchi BELLASHIG'VO v.int n n NX ust+ida adovat qiladj adj n NX+ga xusumat qiladj n | NX+ga ~ n v.int n n n n raqobat qiln v.int | NX bilan ~ n NX+ning ustida ~ yuritig'vo qilig'vo qiluvchi n n ad n n n NX+ga til tegizyomonlatortishJERKVOVILLAARAZ arazlaarazlashIXTILOF v.t gap qaytarv.int v.int | bir-birlari bilan tortishv.int v.int n v.int v.int n ixtilof solixtilof chiqarn janjal qilv.int adj n conflict, clash conflict, clash hostility, enmity be hostile to X, nurse hatred hostile without hatred hatred, hostility, enmity show hatred, hostility, enmity to X full of hatred, hostile enemy (of X) enmity be enemies enemy, foe rival, competitor; opponent rivalry, competition; opposition competition compete competitor rival, compete with X provocation, intrigue intrigue, plot against X provoke provocateur provocateur provocation, intrigue provocative(ly) plot, conspiracy, intrigue intriguer, instigator scheme, evil plot, intrigue swear at X, abuse X find fault with, denigrate answer back, reply defiantly discuss, debate, contend have a tug-of-war, pull each other yell at, bark at yell at, bark at quarrel, breach take offence, have a sulk quarrel, fall out (each other) divergence, discord sow discord, strife sow discord, strife uproar, brawl, quarrel brawl, quarrel brawl, quarrel quarrelsome noise, row, brawl

ig'vogar ig'vogarlik ig'vogarona FITNA fitnachi FASOD

JANJAL janjallashjanjalkash TO'PALON

234

G'AVG'O g'avg'oli g'avg'osiz G'ALVA TALASH TALASHaytishDO'Q do'qlaPO'PISA

n g'avg'o qiladj adj n g'alva qiln v.int v.int | NX bilan ~ n NX+ga ~ urNX+ga do'q qilv.t n po'pisa qildo'q-po'pisalar n tahdid qiln NX+ga dahshat qiladj n terror qiln n n NX+ga jabr et-/qilv.t n NX+ga ~ berzulm ko'rNX+ga zulm qiljabr-zulm v.t v.int adj post | NX+ga ~ qarshi turn NX+ga ~ ko'rsatNX+ga qarshilik qiln n n adj | NX+ga ~ n v.int | NX bilan ~ adj | NX+ga ~ n NX qarshi ~ bildirNX qarshi e'tiroz qiladj

noise, row, scene be noisy, make a row, make a scene noisy, scandalous quiet, peaceful quarrel, row, scene quarrel, make a row, make a scene quarrel, argument, controversy, dispute quarrel, argue quarrel with X, wrangle be at odds with X threat threaten X threaten X threaten threat threaten all kinds of threats threat threaten fear, terror, horror threaten X terrifying, threatening terror terrorize terrorist terrorism oppression, suffering oppress X, torture X oppress oppression, yoke oppress X be oppressed oppress X oppression crush, squeeze oppress, repress be oppressed, repressed opposing, against against X, contrary to X resist opposition, resistance protest, resist against X protest, resist against X opponent, rival opposition opponent opposed to X contradiction, opposition, conflict oppose X opposed to X, against X protest, objection object, protest against X object, protest against X without objection

TAHDID DAHSHAT dahshatli TERROR terrorchi terrorchilik JABR jabrlaZULM

EZezilQARSHI qarshilik

MUXOLIF muxolifat muxolifatchi ZID zidlik zidlashTESKARI E'TIROZ e'tirozsiz

235

G'ALAYON

n g'alayonga kelg'alayonga tushg'alayon ko'tarbosh ko'tarn qo'zg'olon ko'tarqo'zg'olon qiln n isyon ko'tarisyon qiln n n v.int v.int | N(ish)X uchun ~ adj n v.int v.t v.int bir-birisi bilan ~ v.int ur-sur v.t n NX+ga ~ berzarba ye-

unrest, agitation, anger grow angry grow angry revolt revolt revolt, rebellion, uprising revolt, rebel, rise up revolt, rebel, rise up rebel rebellion, revolt rebel, rise in rebellion, revolt rebel, rise in rebellion, revolt rebel struggle, fight, fighting, battle fighter wrestle, fight struggle, fight, strive for X combat-worth fighting spirit fight (each other) beat, strike hit, knock fight fight each other fight each other fight beat unmercifully blow, strike strike a blow at X be struck (a blow) fist struck X with one's fist shake one's fist punch exchange blows attack, assault attack, assault attacker aggression, encroachment, attack aggress, encroach on, attack aggressor, attacker aggressor, bandit aggression, crime aggressive chase, pursue be chased, pursued pursuit, persecution pursue, persecute break through

QO'ZG'OLON qo'zg'olonchi ISYON isyonchi KURASH kurashchi KURASHkurashchan kurashchanlik yoqalashURurishurishishDO'PPOSLAZARB / ZARBA

MUSHT / MUSHTUM mushtlamushtlashHUJUM hujumkor TAJOVUZ tajovuzkor bosqinchi bosqinchilik AGRESSIV quvlaquvlanTA'QIB YOR-

n NX+ga ~ solmusht ko'rsatv.t v.int n hujum et-/qiln n tajovuz qiln n n adj v.t v.int n ta'qib qil-/etyorib o't-

236

QOCHqochoq qochqoq qochqin

v.int | NX+dan ~ NX+dan ~+ib ketn n n qo'lga tush-

flee X, run away from X escape X, evade X fugitive, deserter refugee, displaced person fugitive, deserter fugitive, runaway refugee get caught siege defence defend against X defender protection, defence, support protect from X, defend, support against X defenceless, helpless defender guard, protect, defend defence, protection, safeguard guard guard, defend winner victorious(ly) victory, success be victorious over X win, be victorious victorious (be) defeated, conquered defeat, conquer defeat be defeated victory victorious win, be victorious (against) defeat be defeated, conquered invincible invincibility be victorious, be the victor be victorious, be the victor defeat, crush conquest conquer, overcome conquest conquer conqueror conqueror; imperialist grab, seize, capture, conquer surrender to X, capitulate advocate of surrender revenge take revenge on X avenger revenge, vengeance revenge o.s. on X avenger

QAMAL MUDOFAA mudofaachi HIMOYA himoyasiz himoyachi QO'RIqo'riq qo'riqchi qo'riqlaG'OLIB g'olibona G'ALABA g'alabali MAG'LUB mag'lubiyat ZAFAR zafarli YENGyengilyengilmas yengilmaslik USTUN

n n NX+dan mudofaa qiln n NX+dan himoya qiladj n v.t adj n v.t n, adj ad n NX ust+idan ~ qozong'alaba qiladj mag'lub (bo'l-) mag'lub qiln mag'lubiyatga uchran adj v.t v.int adj n ustun bo'lustun chiqtor-mor qil-/etn zabt et-/qiln istilo qiln n bosib olNX+ga ~ bo'ln n NX+dan ~ olo'ch oluvchi n NX+dan ~ oln

ZABT ISTILO istilochi JAHONGIR BOSTASLIM taslimchi O'CH

QASOS qasoschi

237

QURBON

n qurbon bo'lqurbon qil-

sacrifice, offerings victime, martyr sacrifice oneself, be sacrificed sacrifice fight cause to fight, set at odds warlike, bellicose bellicosity, warmongering war, warfare civil war world war battle battlefield, front fight, do battle soldier, warrior battlefield, front fighting warlike, fearless, fierce fighting spirit war, battle military regular soldier militarize army, military soldier military service army, military soldier officer general leader, commander-in-chief guard, sentry, watchman guard (duty, activity) guardroom guard, watchman guard (duty, activity) guard (person) on duty guard, watchman duty guardian, sentinel protector reconnaissance intelligence; intelligence service spy spy army, forces army, troops, forces detachment, troops army, forces military camp headquarters commander

urishurishtirurishqoq urishqoqlik URUSH

v.int v.t adj n n fuqaro urushi jahon urushi n jang maydoni jang qiln n adj n n adj n v.int adj n n adj n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

JANG jangchi janggoh JANGOVAR jangovarlik HARB harbiy harbiylashtirharbiycha ASKAR askarlik askariy SOLDAT OFITSER GENERAL SARKARDA QOROVUL qorovullik qorovulxona SOQCHI soqchilik qo'riqchi navbatchi navbatchilik POSBON RAZVEDKA JOSUS SHPION ARMIYA QO'SHIN OTRAD LASHKAR lashkargoh LASHKARBOSHI

238

QUROL qurolli qurolsiz qurolsizlantirqurollanqurollantirYAROG' KALTAK kaltaklaTAYOQ tayoqlaQAMCHI qamchilaNAYZA QILICH qilichboz SHAMSHIR XANJAR OTotishotishma MO'LJAL KAMON O'Q

n adj adj v.t v.int v.t n n kaltak yev.t n v.t n qamchi bosv.t n n n n n v.t v.int n o't ochn NX+ni ~+ga oln n o'qqa tutNX+ga ~ tegv.t n n n n n n n n n n n n portlovchi moddalar n

arms, weapons, armaments, guns equipment armed unarmed, disarmed disarm arm o.s. arm arms, weapons stick get a beating beat (with a stick) stick beat (with a stick) whip whip whip spear, lance sword, sabre fencer sabre dagger fire (weapon), shoot fire (each other) firing, skirmish fire on/at, shell aim take aim at X bow arrow bullet, shell shoot, fire, bombard X be struck, be hit load (weapon) bowman, rifleman, gunner gun, rifle revolver, pistol machine-gun machine-gun gunman, rifleman, sniper hunter, huntsman cannon gunner cannon cannon rocket missile artillery explosive shell

o'qlao'qchi MILTIQ TO'PPONCHA PULEMYOT AVTOMAT MERGAN TO'P to'pchi ZAMBARAK PUSHKA RAKETA ARTILLERIYA SNARYAD

239

BOMBA BOMBARDMON MINA DORI QALQON DUBULG'A KASKA TANK MUZOKARA

n n bombardmon qiln n o'q-dori n n n n n muzokara olib bormuzokara olib boruvchi bir-biriga yon bero'zaro kelish-

bomb bombardment bombard mine (gun)powder ammunitions shield (traditional) helmet helmet tank discussion, debate, negotiation conduct negociations negociator come together, draw closer together come together, draw closer together reconciliation, compromise reconcile, make concessions uncompromising mediator quiet(ly), peaceful(ly), calm(ly) quietness, calmness peace pacific friendly, peaceful friendship, peace peaceful(ly) calm down, quiet down calm down, quiet down peace, armistice, reconciliation make peace make peace

MUROSA murosasiz murosachi tinch tinchlik TINCHLIKSEVAR totuv totuvlik BOSbosilSULH

n murosa qiladj n ad n adj adj n tinch-totuv v.t v.int n sulh tuzsulh qil-

240

Justice
ADOLAT adolatli adolatsiz adolatsizlik adolatparvar HAQ haqlik haqli nohaq nohaqli HUQUQ huquqiy huquqsiz huquqshunos huquqshunoslik HAQQONIY haqqoniylik haqqoniyat GUNOH gunohsiz begunoh begunohlik gunohkor AYB aybsiz ayblaayblanayblanuvchi aybdor himoyachi javobgar SHIKOYAT shikoyatchi ARZ ARIZA n adj adj n n n N(ish)X+ga ~+i bor ish haq+i n adj | N(ish)X+ga ~ adj adj n inson huquqlari adj adj n n adj n n n adj adj n n n adj v.t v.int n adj n adj | NX+ga ~ n NX+ning haq+ida shikoyat qiln n arz qil-/etn NX+ga ~ berNX+ning ust+ida ariza qiln v.int justice, righteousness just, righteous unjust injustice righteous man right(s) have a right to X pay, wages right (on one's side) having a right to X unjust against the law without the right rights law human rights legal; juridical having no right lawyer, jurist law (as a discipline) just, appropriate justice, appropriateness justice, legitimacy, appropriateness sin, crime innocent innocent innocence sinner, guilty person criminal; the accused guilt, fault disgrace innocent accuse, put the blame on, find fault with get blamed the accused, defendant guilty the accused, defendant defender lawyer responsible of X guilty complaint complain about X(=person) litigant complaint, plea, request complain appeal, application, petition appeal to X complain about X complaint, wailing complain, wail

DOD dodla-

241

JINOIY JINOYAT jinoyatchi jinoyatkorona PORA poraxo'r poraxo'rlik KORRUPSIYA SOXTA soxtalashtirsoxtagar aldamchi aldamchilik SUIISTE'MOL O'G'RI o'g'rilato'g'rincha O'G'IRLAO'G'IRLIK KISSAVUR QAROQCHI qaroqchilik BOSTALATALON talonchi BEZORI bezorilik FOHISHA fohishalik fohishaxona zo'rlazo'rlasho'ldirQOTIL qotillik SUIQASD suiqasdchi odamxo'r odamxo'rlik qirg'in

adj n jinoyat qiln ad n pora berpora oln n n adj v.t n n n n NX+dan suiiste'mol qiln v.t | NX+ini ~ adv v.t n o'g'irlik qiln n n NX+ga ~ v.t n talon qiln n n n n n buzuq xotin v.t v.int nomus+iga tegv.t o'ldirish n n qotillik qiln NX+ga suiqasd qiln n n n

criminal crime commit a crime criminal criminal(ly) bribe bribe take bribes corrupt person bribery, corruption corruption false, forged forge, falsify forger cheat, swindler, deceiver trickery, swindle, trap misuse, use wrongly, abuse misuse X, use X wrongly thief, burglar be robbed of X stealthily, secretly, covertly steal, rob stealing, robbery, theft steal, rob pickpocket robber, bandit robbery, banditry burst in X, break into X plunder, burgle plunder, robbery plunder, burgle plunderer, robber hooligan hooliganism prostitute prostitution brothel immoral woman, prostitute rape get raped rape kill, murder murder murderer, killer murder murder attempt on sb's life attempt on X's life murderer cannibal, murderer cannibalism slaughter

242

JAZO

jazolajazolan-

n NX+ga NY uchun ~ berNX+ga NY uchun ~ berilo'lim jazosi v.t v.int NX+ga chora ko'rNX+ga chora ko'rilNX+ga hukm qil-

punishment punish X for Y (X) be punished for Y death penalty punish, penalize get punished, penalized punish X (X) be punished sentence to X sentence X to Y fine, penalty fine fine fine, penalty pay a fine amnesty law code code legal, lawful legality, lawfulness law (regular pattern) lawless illegal lawlessness illegality illegal be legalized legalize lawful (according to the Shariat) Shariat (religious law of Islam) jurist juridical (administration of) justice court trial try, judge judge try, judge judgement, sentence, verdict sentence X sentence to X judgement judge, referee law court qazi (muslim judge) court mufti (arbiter in islamic law) local ruler, judge police, militia police station police station police station police station

KESSHTRAF

v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ n shtraf solshtraf qiln jarima to'lan n qonunlar qonunlar to'plami adj n n adj n adj v.int v.t adj n n adj n n sud qiln v.t n NX ust+idan ~ chiqarNX+ga hukm qiln n n n n n n n militsiya bo'limi militsiya idorasi militsiya uchastkasi n

JARIMA AMNISTIYA QONUN qonuniy qonuniylik qonuniyat qonunsiz qonunsizlik noqonuniy qonunlashqonunlashtirSHAR'IY SHARIAT YURIST YURIDIK ADLIYA SUD sudya sudlaHUKM hukmnoma HAKAM MAHKAMA QOZI qozixona MUFTI HOKIM MILITSIYA

militsiyaxona

243

POLITSIYA politsiyachi tergovchi GUVOH guvohlik guvohnoma SHOHID shohidlik DALOLAT ADVOKAT oqlovchi PROKUROR qoralovchi HIBS QAMAqamalqamoq

n n Milliy Xavfsizlik Xizmati (SNB) n n guvoh bo'lib chiqn guvohlik berguvohlik qiln n n shohidlik qiln dalolat bern n n n n hibsga olv.t v.int n qamoqqa olqamoqda yotqamoqda o'tirn n n n n n n asirga oln n tutqun bo'ltutqun qiltutqun qilib oln n kishan sol-

police policeman National Security Service detective, examining judge witness testify testimony testify, give evidence testify, give evidence attestation, certificate witness, eyewitness testimony testify, give evidence testimony, evidence testify, give evidence lawyer, attorney lawyer prosecutor prosecutor arrest arrest arrest be arrested arrest, detention be arrested, be put in jail be in jail, be imprisoned be in jail, be imprisoned prison, jail prison jailer dungeon prisoner, convict detention prisoner, captive, prisoner-of-war capture, arrest captivity captive, prisoner get captive capture, take (sb) prisoner capture, take (sb) prisoner captivity handcuffs; fetters, chains, bonds handcuff; fetter

qamoqxona TURMA turmachi ZINDON MAHBUS mahbuslik ASIR asirlik TUTQUN

tutqunlik KISHAN

244

Work and Possession

Possession and Exchange
BOR adj adj | NY+ning NX+i ~ adj | NY+da NX ~ adj | NY+ga NX ~ n adj NY+ning NX+i ~ NY+da NX ~ n | NX+ning ~+si n | NX+ga ~ NX+ga ~ bo'ln egalik qilv.t egallab oladj | NX+ga ~ n v.int | NY+ga NX ~ n adj | NX+ga ~ n n NX+ning ~+ida/dan/ga n n xusisiy mulk adj n n mol-mulk yer-mulk xususiylashtirxususiylashtirish XAZINA xazinachi XO'JAYIN v.t n n n n existent, present (Y) have X (possession) (Y) have X (with it) there is X for Y possession(s) non-existent, absent (Y) have not X (possession) (Y) have not X (with it) owner, recipient (of X) own X, possess X, have X get, acquire X ownership, possession own, possess occupy, take over take over belonging to X belongings (Y) receive X, (Y) get X share, portion appropriate to X, relevant to X belonging to X belongings share, part, allotment near X, beside X on X, with X property, possessions, belongings commodity, goods, articles, produce property private property (of) property system of ownership owner (of an enterprise, estate) property property privatize privatization treasure treasurer master, owner boss husband rich (in X), wealthy (l/f) wealthy person, squire the very rich wealth, riches, resources natural resources grow rich wealth greedy, grasping person

borliq YO'Q

EGA egalik egallaqarashli qarashlilik TEGtegish tegishli tegishlilik ULUSH YON MOL MULK mulkiy mulkchilik mulkdor

BOY boylik boyiDUNYO dunyoparast

adj | NX+ga ~ n o'ta boylar n tabiiy boyliklar v.int n n

245

DAVLAT davlatli badavlat davlatmand puldor MO'L mo'llik / mo'lchilik SEROB serobgarchilik TO'Q to'qlik FAROVON farovonlik farovonlashSAODAT saodatli

n adj adj adj adj adj mo'l bo'ln adj serob bo'ln adj n adj n v.int n adj baxt-saodat baxt-saodatli

wealth, riches, good fortune wealthy, rich wealthy, rich, prosperous wealthy, rich rich abundant, plentiful, rich be abundant abundance, profusion abundant, plentiful be abundant abundance, profusion full, replete prosperous satiety prosperity prosperous, abundant prosperity, well-being get prosperous, develop happiness, well-being happy, prosperous happiness, well-being happy, prosperous abundance, prosperity bless X bless X prosperous, flourishing declining blossom, flourish (l/f) prosperous, flourishing pomp, splendour, magnificence splendid, magnificent magnificence, splendour, lavishness magnificent, splendid, sumptuous, lavish the middle class the well-to-do poor person poor in X, needy, short of X (l/f) poverty, neediness get poorer, become impoverished poor poverty poor, wretched, poverty-striken poverty, wretechedness fall on bad times, become impoverished needy, in need poverty, neediness poor, pitiful, miserable poverty, misery destitute, miserable poverty, destitution humble, poor, ruined humble, poor, ruined poverty, ruine

BARAKA barakali barakasiz gullaOBOD / OBODON DABDABA dabdabali HASHAMAT hashamatli

n NX+ga ~ berNX+ga baraka qiladj adj v.int adj n adj n adj o'rta yashaydiganlar yaxshi yashaydiganlar

KAMBAG'AL kambag'allik kambag'allashFAQIR faqirlik QASHSHOQ qashshoqlik MUHTOJ muhtojlik bechora bechoralik NOCHOR yo'qchilik XOR

n adj | NX+ga ~ n v.int adj n adj n qashshoqlikka tushadj n adj n n, adj n adj xor-zor xor-zorlik

246

DEVONA GADO / GADOY gadoylik ocharchilik OLolinoldirQOZONBOSegallaegallanTOP-

n n n n v.t v.int v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ oldirib qo'yv.t qo'lga kiritbosib olv.t egallab olv.int v.t qidirib topizlab topn (numX NY) pul ishlab topv.int v.t yutib olv.t n n meros oln n voris bo'ln NX+ni NY+ga vasiyat qiln v.t yo'qotib qo'yyo'qotish NX+ni boy ber-

beggar, poor man beggar begging famine take obtain, get, acquire buy, purchase be taken, be obtained cause Y to take / get X lose gain, win, obtain seize, obtain, get grab, seize, capture, conquer occupy, take over take over be occupied, be taken over find, discover, detect gain, earn, get (search and) find (search and) find earnings, gains earn (X Y(=currency)) money be found, discovered, earned win, gain win, gain lose loss; failure heritage, inheritance, legacy inherit heir heir, successor inherit testament, will bequeath X to Y testament lose eliminate, abolish, put to an end lose loss(es) lose X, waste X leave X get separated from X, lose X leave X, separate from X get separated from X, lose X get separated from X, lose X divide, split dispatch be reserved for X throw, throw away abandon, cast aside give up, stop abandon, cast aside, put aside, leave abandoned, neglected garbage, refuse

topish topilYUTyutqizyutqiziq MEROS merosxo'r VORIS VASIYAT vasiyatnoma YO'QOT-

ayrilAJRAajralajratajratilTASHLA-

v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t v.int | NX uchun ~ v.t tashlab qo'yadj n

tashlandi tashlandiq

247

KECHBERberil-

v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ berib turv.int v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~ NX+ni NY+ga olib berv.t uzatib yuborv.t yetkazib berv.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ qo'lma-qo'l n | NX+ni NY bilan ta'min et-/qiln v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ NX+ni NY+ga taqdim et-/qiln sovg'a qilsovg'alar do'koni n NX+ni NY+ga hadya qiln n n v.t beg'araz yordam n ijaraga berijaraga qo'yijaraga olijaraga o'tirijara haqi n n n kiraga berkiraga ol-

give up X, abandon X give X to Y, grant X to Y lend be given, granted devote o.s. to X pass Y to X pass, hand over, give pass transmit, pass on, convey, deliver pass on, deliver hand over, deliver X to Y from hand to hand supply X with Y supplies guarantee supply X with Y offer, present, donate X to Y present, gift give a present, a gift gift shop present, gift make Y a present, a gift of X present, gift present, gift present, gift dedicate humanitarian aid rent let, rent out let, rent out rent, hire rent (a house) rent (money) hirer out, renter out hirer, renter, tenant hirer, renter, tenant charge, fare (vehicle) hire out (vehicle) hire (vehicle) separate distribute X to Y, share X among Y distribution distribute X to Y, divide X by Y distribute X to Y, divide X by Y be distributed among X scatter, disperse, spread out distribute X to Y send back, return send back, return get back change X for Y, exchange X(= money, etc.) for Y change X for Y, exchange X for Y

UZATyetkazTOPSHIR-

ta'minot ta'minlaSOVG'A

HADYA TORTIQ TUHFA IN'OM BAG'ISHLAIJARA

ijarachi ijarador KIRA / YO'LKIRA

BO'LTAQSIM taqsimlataqsimlantaratqaytar-

v.t NX+ni NY+ga bo'lib bern NX+ni NY+ga taqsim qilv.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.t qaytarib berqaytarib olv.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~

almashtirALISHTIR-

248

AYIRBOSH ayirboshla-

n NX+ni NY+ga ayirbosh qilv.t ayirboshlash

exchange exchange X for Y exchange exchange, barter

249

Work and Production

ISH n ishga borishdan chiqish kuni ish qilish axtarishdan bo'shatadj adj n v.int n n n n mehnat qiladj n n xizmatga borxizmatdan tushxizmatga olxizmatdan chiqarxizmat qilqora xizmat n n n n n n n n n n n n n qo'l mehnati QO'LBOLA USTA SHOGIRD shogirdlik adj n n n matter, affair, business, thing work, job, task go to work go off work working day do work seek job dismiss, lay off employed, having a job unemployed unemployment work worker, workman office workshop work, job, task work, labour work without working labourer, worker service work, labour; job go to work go off work appoint, hire dismiss serve, work dirty work employee, service worker servant colleague, fellow worker servant day labourer, casual labourer colleague, fellow-worker collaborator mutual help, collective work agent agency craft, handicraft, profession, trade skill, talent craftsman, artisan handicrafts craft industry handicrafts handicrafts (handmade) handmade home-made foreman, master worker apprentice apprenticeship

ishli ishsiz ishsizlik ishlaishchi ishxona YUMUSH MEHNAT mehnatsiz mehnatkash XIZMAT

xizmatchi xizmatdosh xizmatkor MARDIKOR HAMKOR HASHAR AGENT agentlik HUNAR hunarmand hunarmandlik hunarmandchilik QO'LHUNAR

250

KASB kasbiy hamkasb kasbdosh KOSIB kosibchilik KASABA

n adj n n n n n kasaba birlashmasi kasaba uyushmasi v.t ishlab chiqarishlab chiqarish ishlab chiqarilishlab chiqaruvchi v.t v.int n resurslar n n adj xom ashyo xom mollar

profession, occupation, speciality professional, occupational of the same trade, occupation of the same trade, occupation craftsman, artisan craft industry profession, trade trade union trade union work (material) produce production be produced producer bring up (children); breed, raise (animals) be brought up (children); be bred, raised (animals) resource resources stock, reserve stock, reserve, supply unripe raw raw materials raw materials materials, goods materials harvest, crop produce, create, build production, harvest productive produce, product, result output, production, yield, product productive productivity harvest, yield; output fertile (land); productive infertile, barren (land); unproductive fertile (land); productive productivity company, firm, cooperative society company firm enterprise, business the X industry entrepreneur subsidiary company section, unit, department, division master, owner boss manage (household) affairs, be the boss

ishla-

yetishtiryetishtirilRESURS ZAXIRA ZAPAS XOM

ASHYO (ashyo+i) MATERIAL HOSIL hosilot hosildor MAHSUL mahsulot mahsuldor mahsuldorlik unum unumli unumsiz unumdor unumdorlik SHIRKAT KOMPANIYA FIRMA KORXONA korxonachi FILIAL bo'lim XO'JAYIN

n n n hosil qiln adj n n adj n n adj adj adj n n n n n n | NX ~+lari n n n n n | xo'jayinlik qil-

251

MUDIR mudirlik DIREKTOR BOSHQARboshqaruv boshqaruvchi boshqarma MENEJER MENEJMENT IDORA idoraviy idorachilik MUASSASA OFIS BYURO XODIM AMAL amalparast amaldor MANSAB LAVOZIM KADR YOLLAyollanyollanma yollanuvchi

n n mudirlik qiln v.t n n n n n n idora qiladj n n n n n n n n n n n v.t v.int adj n NX+ni NY+ga tayin qil-/etNX+ga tayin qilin-/etilv.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ v.t | NX+dan ~ v.int | NX+dan ~ v.t | NX+dan ~ n iste'fo beriste'foga chiqish tashlaish tashlash ish tashlovchi

director, manager, head direction, management manage, head director manage, direct, be in charge of management manager, director department manager management office, agency, unit, department manage, run, administer, supervise administrative administration institute, institution, office office bureau, office personnel member, office worker, associate post, position, job careerist, self-seeker official, civil servant official position, post, rank (high) function, position, post expert, cadre hire, recruit, employ be hired, recruited, employed hired, recruited, employed employer appoint X to Y be appointed to X appoint X to Y be appointed to X dismiss, remove, expel from X resign from X(=work, post, office) remove from X(=work, post, office) resignation hand in one's resignation hand in one's resignation go on strike strike striker strike striker farmer, peasant, farm-worker agriculture, cultivation, farming agriculture farmer kolkhoz worker, farmer field cultivation of fields

tayinlatayinlanchiqarbo'shbo'shatISTE'FO

ZABASTOVKA zabastovkachi DEHQON dehqonchilik FERMER kolxozchi DALA

n n n n qishloq xo'jaligi n n n dala ishlari

252

POLIZ TOMORQA bug'doylik sholipoya g'o'zapoya paxtachilik paxtakor paxtazor

n n n n n n n n paxta terimchi oq oltin

field, plantation, vegetable garden small garden, plot wheatfield paddy field cotton field cotton growing cotton grower cotton field cotton picker cotton melon field orchard fruit garden, orchard apple orchard peach orchard vineyard vineyard silkworm breeder sericulture, silkworm breeding mulberry orchard clear land sow sow, plant be sown, be planted sowing crop crops plant, plantation plant be planted furrow plough harvest, crop harvest good harvest production, harvest productive harvest, yield; output fertile (land); productive infertile, barren (land); unproductive fertile (land); productive productivity harvest forester livestock animal breeder, herder animal breeding, husbandry herd owner summer pasture pasture, range

qovunlik mevazor olmazor shaftolizor uzumzor tokzor ipakchi ipakchilik tutzor SOCHEKekilekin ekinzor TIKtikilJO'YAK HOSIL hosilot hosildor unum unumli unumsiz unumdor unumdorlik o'rmonchi CHORVA chorvachi chorvachilik chorvador YAYLOV o'tloq

n n mevali bog' n n n n n n n yer ochv.t v.t v.int n ekinlar n v.t v.int n yer haydan NX+dan ~ olmo'l hosil n adj n adj adj adj n yig'im-teg'im n n n n n n n

253

O'Ro'roq o'rim CHO'PON qo'ychivon YILQIBOQAR podachi tuyakash boquvchi OG'IL molxona otxona yem SOG'OV ovlaovchi MERGAN

v.t n n n n n n n mol boqar n mol boquvchi n n n n v.t n ovga chiqov qilv.t ovlash n n baliq ovi baliq ovlabaliq tutn n n n n n n v.t sug'orish v.int n n n n n n n o'g'it berv.t n n n

mow, cut (grass) sickle mowing, reaping, harvest shepherd shepherd horse herder cowherd camel driver cowherd, cattle-drover herder cowherd, cattle-drover barn sheepfold, cowshed, barn stable, barn fodder, food (for animals) milk hunt go hunting hunt hunt (animals) hunt hunter hunter, huntsman fishing fish fish fisherman fishing gathering farm farm, household (collective) farm, kolkhoz state farm, sovkhoz water, irrigate irrigation be irrigated irrigation well (irrigation) canal, ditch small river irrigation canal canal dam, dyke fertilizer, manure fertilize fertilize plough, plow plough, plow tractor

baliqchi baliqchilik termachilik FERMA xo'jalik KOLXOZ SOVXOZ SUG'ORsug'orilIRRIGATSIYA QUDUQ ARIQ ANHOR KANAL TO'G'ON O'G'IT o'g'itlaOMOCH PLUG TRAKTOR

254

KOMBAYN TEGIRMON SANOAT

n n n og'ir sanoat oziq-ovqat sanoati yengil sanoat v.int n adj n n n n n n n elektr stansiyasi yadro stansiyasi

combine harvester mill industry heavy industry food industry, farm-produce industry light industry become industrialized manufacturer, industrialist industrial industry factory factory workshop repair shop warehouse, storehouse, reservoir warehouseman power station / plant nuclear power station X mine miner miner mining industry mine, pit miner gas field oilfield oil worker worker, workman miner labourer, unskilled worker labourer, worker technician, mechanic programmer engineer engineering engineer craftsman, artisan craftsman, artisan shoemaker repairer, restorer watchmaker locksmith jeweler, goldsmith blacksmith carpenter cobbler mechanic

sanoatlashsanoatchi INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIYA ZAVOD FABRIKA ustaxona remontxona OMBOR omborchi

KON konchi konchilik SHAXTA SHAXTYOR

n | NX ~+i kon ishchi n n n n gaz maydoni neft maydoni

neftchi ishchi

n n kon ishchi qora ishchi n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

mehnatkash TEXNIK dasturlovchi INJENER injenerlik MUHANDIS hunarmand KOSIB remontchi soatsoz qulfchi ZARGAR temirchi yog'ochchi yamoqchi MEXANIK

255

ELEKTROMEXANIK binokor quruvchi bo'yoqchi DURADGOR bog'bon to'qimachi gilamchi tikuvchi CHEVAR etikdo'z qalpoqdo'z do'ppido'z gazlamafurush bo'yoqchi SHOFYOR haydovchi uchuvchi STYUARDESSA dengizchi KAPITAN POCHTALYON pochtachi YUGURDAK radiochi aloqachi ARXITEKTOR ME'MOR ISHBILARMON BIZNESMEN savdogar birjachi sotuvchi bozorchi magazinchi do'konchi do'kondor BAQQOL

n n n n g'isht teruvchi n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n temir yo'lchi n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

electrician builder builder, constructor (l/f) (house) painter mason, bricklayer, builder carpenter gardener weaver carpet, rug weaver dressmaker, taylor seamstress, dressmaker shoemaker hatter maker of skullcaps draper, clothier dyer driver, chauffeur driver pilot (plane) stewardess sailor, seaman captain railway worker postman post office worker, mailman courier, messenger wireless operator communications worker architect architect businessman businessman merchant, trader, businessman stockbroker salesperson, seller stallholder shop assistant, salesclerk shopkeeper shopkeeper small trader, grocer

256

yoymachi NOVVOY QASSOB ko'kchi shakarpaz qandolatchi kabobpaz o'tinfurush gulchi ATTOR

n n n n n n n n n n kitob sotuvchi ko'zoynak mutaxassis

street pedlar baker butcher vegetable seller confectioner confectioner kebab seller seller of firewood florist perfumer bookseller optician cook hairdresser, barber manicurist broker, middleman adviser; consultant, counselor employee, service worker servant servant maid tea house worker tea house worker courier travel agent tour guide tourist guide waiter waitress porter hotel-keeper janitor, streetsweeper cashier bookkeeper, accountant accountant, bookkeeper secretary secretary (female) secretarial work typist (female) assistant, auxiliary assistant banker official, civil servant

oshpaz SARTAROSH MANIKURCHI DALLOL maslahatchi xizmatchi xizmatkor choyxonachi samovarchi CHOPAR

n n n n n n n xizmatkor ayol n n n sayohat agent yo'l boshlovchi

GID OFITSIANT ofitsiantka HAMMOL saroyvon FARROSH KASSIR hisobchi BUXGALTER KOTIB kotiba kotiblik MASHINISTKA yordamchi ko'makchi BANKIR amaldor

n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

257

MA'MUR INSPEKTOR sudya ADVOKAT oqlovchi politsiyachi harbiy bojgir DOKTOR

n n n n n n n n n ko'z doktori mol doktori tish doktori n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n ilmiy xodim n n n n n n

official, administrator inspector judge lawyer, attorney lawyer policeman regular soldier customs officer doctor occulist veterinarian dentist doctor; healer doctor doctor (traditional medicine) surgeon surgeon nurse medical orderly pharmacist, chemist pharmacist, chemist publisher correspondent, journalist journalist newspaper seller journalist journalist intelligence personnel librarian teacher, lecturer teacher professor, teacher, master professor researcher, research worker scientific worker, research worker translator, interpreter (TV, radio) host writer, author, letter writer photographer artist artist, actor, actress, movie star

shifokor VRACH TABIB JARROH XIRURG HAMSHIRA SANITAR dorigar aptekachi nashriyotchi MUXBIR gazetachi jurnalist axborotchi kutubxonachi o'qituvchi MUALLIM DOMLA PROFESSOR izlanuvchi TARJIMON boshlovchi yozuvchi FOTOGRAF san'atchi ARTIST

258

AKTYOR AKTRISA rasmchi RASSOM suratchi haykaltarosh musiqachi muzikachi sozchi SOZANDA ashulachi HOFIZ XONANDA qo'shiqchi RAQQOS raqqosa qiziqchi

n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

actor actress artisan-painter, photographer painter, artist artisan-painter, photographer sculpter, carver musician musician musician musician (playing, traditional) singer (modern songs) singer (traditional songs) singer (traditional songs) singer dancer dancer (female) clown

259

Economy
IQTISOD iqtisodiy iqtisodchi EKONOMIK ekonomika EKONOMIST EKONOMIYA XO'JA xo'jalik xo'jasizlik xo'jasizlarcha KAPITAL kapitalist kapitalistik kapitalizm MABLAG' MOLIYA moliyaviy MOL TOVAR BUYUM MARKA markali REKLAMA E'LON PUL pullik pulsiz bepul pulparast puldor LOY NAQD n iqtisod fani iqtisod qiladj n adj n n n n n n xalq xo'jaligi n ad n n adj n n n adj n n n n adj | NX ~ n reklama qiln n NX uchun numY NZ ~ NX+ning ~+ini to'laadj adj adj n adj n adj naqd bernaqd to'lanaqd olnaqd pul n mayda pul economy economics economize, save economic economist economical, frugal, thrifty economic economics economist economy lord, master economy national economy carelessness, mismanagement carelessly, mismanaged capital capitalist capitalist capitalism capital, sum of money finance financial property, possessions, belongings commodity, goods, articles, produce commodity, goods thing(s), articles (for use), goods trade mark X trade mark advertisement, ad advertise announcement, declaration; advertisement money pay Y Z for X pay for X not free, which one must pay for without money, penniless free gratis, free not having money moneygrubbing, grasping person rich dough, cash cash pay in cash pay in cash receive in cash cash change (small) change

QAYTIM

260

SO'M so'mlik / so'mli TIYIN tiyinlik / tiyinli TANGA CHAQA BANKNOT VALUTA DOLLAR YURO RUBL FUNT MARKA KURS almashtir-

n numX ~ (pul) adj | numX ~ n adj | numX ~ n n n n n n n n n n | (ayirbosh) kurs(+i) v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ pul almashtirish do'koni

som, rouble (amount of) X som worth X som cent, kopeck worth X tiyin coin(s), silver coin small change, copper coins bank note (foreign) currency dollar euro rouble pound mark (exchange) rate change X for Y, exchange X(= money, etc.) for Y foreign exchange office, change price, value, worth grade, evaluation, mark evaluate X (as Y) price X, value X raise the price lower the price lower the price set price costly, expensive priceless, invaluable priceless, invaluable fix the price evaluate bargain over, haggle price, cost lower the price charge, fare (vehicle) fare fare cost, value, price cost X(=price, money) value, worth expensive, costly valuable, precious cheap, low (price) get cheaper, go down in price lower, reduce the price of, give a discount on discount, rebate discount discount give a discount free (of charge), gratis the state of being free

BAHO

n NX+ga (AY) ~ berNX+ga ~ qo'ybaho ko'tarbaho pasaytirbaho tushirqat'iy baho adj adj adj v.t v.int n narx+i tushirn kira haqi yo'l haqi

baholi bahosiz bebaho baholabaholashNARX KIRA / YO'LKIRA

QIYMAT TURQIMMAT QIMMATBAHO ARZON arzonlasharzonlashtirCHEGIRchegirma TEKIN tekinlik

n v.int | NX ~ n adj | (bahosi) qimmat adj adj v.int v.t arzonlashtirish v.t n chegirma beradj n

261

PASAYpasaytirMAOSH

v.int pasayish v.t n ish haq+i xizmat haq+i

lower, decrease, come down down in price lower, decrease salary, pay, earnings pay, wages salary monthly salary benefit, grant, allowance, alimony beneficiary, grantee pensioner, retired (person) pension retire pensioner, retired (person) inflation trade, trading, commerce, business engage in trade, be in business bargain over, haggle merchant, trader, businessman business, trade trade, commerce, business business businessman sell, offer for sale sell out, betray sales buy, shop buyer, purchaser sell for cheap sell at a high price be sold selling, sale, trade sale on sale, for sale salesperson, seller buying and selling; business, trade wholesale wholesale retail retail business import export import purchase shop, buy; go shopping customer, purchaser, buyer use; consumption make use of; consume consumer

oylik NAFAQA nafaqachi nafaqaxo'r PENSIYA PENSIONER INFLATSIYA SAVDO savdolashsavdogar savdogarlik / savdogarchilik TIJORAT BIZNES BIZNESMEN SOT-

n n n n n pensiyaga chiqn n n savdo qilv.int n n n n n v.t sotish sotib olsotib oluvchi arzon sotqimmat sotv.int n n sotuvda bor n savdo-sotiq n ko'tara savdo n chakana savdo chetdan mol kiritchetga mol chiqar-

sotilsotiq sotuv sotuvchi KO'TARA CHAKANA

IMPORT XARID XARIDOR ISTE'MOL iste'molchi

n, adj n xarid qiln n iste'mol qiln

262

TO'LAto'lanto'lov to'lovsiz to'lovchi KASSA KASSIR TILXAT KVITANSIYA PATTA

v.t NY+ga NX ~ v.int n adj n n n n n n

pay (money) pay back, compensate pay X(=money) for Y be payed for payment, compensation unpaid payer pay-desk, cashier's desk, booking office cashier receipt receipt ticket cheque receipt bill, account bill, check bill, check (at a restaurant) bill, check (at a restaurant) (make out) bill, check tip pocket money tip pocket money subscription, fee refund in exchange for X ticket ticket office ticket, seat ticket cheque receipt (subscription) ticket window, ticket office token expenses; expenditure, spending be spent on X spend loss, wastage, expense spend wasting, squandering waste, squander expenses thrifty spend (money) expense spend (money) save, economize take care of, care for, look after save (a capital amount of X Y) be saved, be economized use sparingly, make best use of economical, frugal, thrifty savings savings bank

SCHYOT HISOB hisoblashCHOYCHAQA

n n ovqat hisobi taom hisobi v.int n choy puli

BADAL

n n | NX+ning ~+iga

BILET CHIPTA PATTA

n bilet kassasi n n

ABONEMENT DARCHA JETON SARF sarfiyat sarflaISROF XARJ kamxarj xarjlaXARAJAT TEJAtejalAYAiqtisodchi omonat

n n n n NX+ga ~ bo'lsarf qiln v.t n isrof qiln adj v.t n xarajat qilv.t numX NY+lik mablag' tejav.int v.t adj n omonat kassa

263

JAMG'ARjamg'arma G'AMLAREZERV(LAR)

v.t n jamg'arilgan pul v.t n rezervlar NX+ga pul qo'yn NX+dan NY ~ bo'lqarz(ga) berqarz(ga) olqarzga botqarzdan qutulqarz to'lan n NX+da NY+ning NZ haq+i bor n nasiyaga n n n sayohat chek+i n

save (money), put money aside savings, money put aside savings store in reserve, accumulate reserve(s) reserves put money into X, invest in X debt owe X Y lend (money, object) borrow (money, object) get into debt settle a debt repay a debt debtor right(s) (X) owe Y Z credit on credit loan interest cheque traveller's check ticket cheque receipt order Y to X, command Y to X order order have (something) made, order order reserve, order (person) having placed an order occupy rent; reserve subscription subscribe to X subscriber broker, middleman broking share shareholder pawn, guarantee bet pawn pawnshop speculative business speculator speculation exchange, market (stock, labour) stockbroker

QARZ

qarzdor HAQ NASIYA ZAYOM o'sim CHEK PATTA

BUYURbuyurt/ buyurtirbuyurtma buyrutmachi

v.t | NY+ga N(ish)X+ni ~ buyurib qo'yv.t n buyurtma bern band qil-

OBUNA obunachi DALLOL dallollik AKSIYA aksiyador GAROV garovxona CHAYQOV chayqovchi chayqovchilik BIRJA birjachi

n NX+ga ~ bo'ln n n n n n garovga qo'yn n n n n n

264

BOZOR bozorlik bozoriy bozorchi SUPERMARKET MAGAZIN

n n adj n n n kitob magazini kiyim(-kechak) magazini oziq-ovqat magazini xo'jalik mollari magazini n n n go'sht do'koni gul do'koni kitob do'koni kiyim(-kechak) do'koni mashina do'koni non do'koni poyafzal do'koni sabzavot do'koni sovg'alar do'koni uy jihozlari do'koni yodgorliklar do'koni zargarlik do'koni n n n n n v.int ochilish v.int v.int n n n n n n n n n n sug'urta qilsug'urta qilinv.t n

market, commercial district item sold/bought at the market on sale, for sale at the market stallholder supermarket store, shop bookshop clothing store grocery hardware store shop assistant, salesclerk department store shop, store, (market) stall butcher's shop florist bookshop clothing store car dealer baker's shop shoeshop, shoe store greengrocer gift shop furniture store souvenir shop jeweller's shop shopkeeper small shop, (market) stall shopkeeper baker's shop, bakery butcher's shop open, open out, be open opening, inauguration close, be closed, be shut be open (shop, store) small trader, grocer grocery trade street market stall street pedlar (shop) window trade fair bank banker insurance insure be insured insure insurance

magazinchi UNIVERMAG DO'KON

do'konchi do'koncha do'kondor novvoyxona qassobxona ochilyopilishlaBAQQOL baqqollik RASTA yoyma yoymachi VITRINA YARMARKA BANK bankir SUG'URTA sug'urtalaSTRAXOVANIYE

265

HISOB

n NX+ga ~ olbank hisobi hisob qilv.int n hisob-kitob n numX NY ~ oladj adj n n chiqim qiladj kirim-chiqim n n soliq soldaromad solig'i soliq boshqarmasi n n n n n foyda qiladj adj n NX+ga ~ yetkazadj adj v.int

hisoblashhisobchi DAROMAD daromadli daromadsiz kirim chiqim chiqimdor BUDJET SOLIQ

arithmetic, calculation, computation account, count, score bill, check credit X deposit figure, tally out (make out) bill, check bookkeeper, accountant accounts; account book profit, income make a profit (of X Y(=currency)) profitable unprofitable income, receipts, profit expenditure, expenses, spending spend money costly, sustaining heavy losses income and expenditure budget taxes tax income tax tax collector's office (customs) duty, tax customs customs officer taxes, tithe advantage, benefit, profit make a profit advantageous, beneficial, useful without advantage, not beneficial, useless loss, damage, harm loss, deficit harm X in deficit, losing without losses be bankrupted (l/f)

BOJ bojxona bojgir USHR FOYDA foydali foydasiz ZIYON ziyonli ziyonsiz SIN-

266

Daily Life (I)

Housing
UCHASTKA JOY O'RIN (o'rn+i) n n (turar) joy n o'rin olo'rin tutadj | numX ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ o'rin-ko'rpa YASHAyashovchi TURv.int n v.int turar turar joy n istiqomat qilistiqomat qiluvchi v.int v.int (boshqa uyga) ko'ch(yangi uyga) ko'chib kelband qilIJARA ijaraga olijaraga o'tirn n n n adj adj osmono'par bino n n uy-joy KVARTIRA MINORA GUMBAZ QUBBA CHAYLA n n n n n plot of land place (l/f), position house, dwelling place to sit, seat, place to sleep place, room take place, take a seat occupy a seat with X seats settle down in X, establish oneself bed, bedding, place to sleep live, live (swh) inhabitant, dweller dwell, settle down, live (swh), stay (at) dwelling dwelling quarters residence, habitation live, reside, stay resident lie, lie down settle down, stay (for some nights) move, migrate move (house) move in occupy rent; reserve rent, hire rent (a house) building builder building industry, civil engineering (big) building (for) construction high (of building) skyscraper house, home, flat, apartment room home, family house builder living quarters, house flat, apartment, lodgings tower, minaret dome, cupola dome, cupola hut

o'rinli O'RNASH-

ISTIQOMAT

YOTKO'CH-

BINO binokor binokorlik IMORAT imoratbop OSMONO'PAR UY uysoz

267

CHODIR KAPA O'TOV bo'lma ICHKARI XONA xonali xonadon ZAL mehmonxona qabulxona KABINET HUJRA oshxona ovqatxona YOTOQ yotoqxona vannaxona hojatxona TUALET

n chodir tikiladigan joy n n n n n numX kishilik ~ adj | numX ~ kvartira n n n n n n n n ovqatlanish xonasi n yotoq joy yotoq uy n n n n tualet qog'ozi kir yuvish xonasi o'qish xonasi kutish xonasi kutish zali

tent campsite tent yurt, (nomad's) tent room section, part, partition inner part of the house room; bedroom place, column (in a table) single/double room for X people X room(ed) flat flat, apartment hall, room living room reception room study, office small room, cell, den kitchen canteen, dining room dining room dormitory, lodging bedroom bedroom dormitory, bedroom bathroom toilets, lavatory, convenience, restroom toilets toilet paper laundry lecture room waiting room, area waiting room, area cellar balcony verandah, terrace verandah courtyard, yard from door to door sunshade, umbrella awning garage cage, run storey, floor downstairs upstairs X-storey house storey, floor

YERTO'LA BALKON AYVON PESHAYVON HOVLI SOYAVON GARAJ KATAK QAVAT qavatli QAT

n n n adj n hovlima-hovli n n n n pastki qavat yuqori qavat adj | numX ~ uy n

268

TOM TIM DEVOR devorli devoriy USTUN POL SHIP ZINA zinapoya NARVON SHOTI LIFT ESKALATOR ESHIK eshikcha DARVOZA darvozabon OSTONA BO'SAG'A DAHLIZ KORIDOR YO'LAK kirish chiqish DERAZA derazali PANJARA MO'RI TUYNUK O'CHOQ SHAHAR (shahr+i)

n n n adj adj n n taxta pol n n zinadan tushzinadan chiqn n n n n n n n n n n n qabul stoli n n n n n deraza oynasi adj n n n n n eski shahar shahar atrofi shahar markazi yangi shahar n v.int n adj n

roof roof (of an open market) wall with walls wall, mural pillar, column floor wooden floor ceiling step, stairs (as a location) go downstairs go upstairs stairs (as an object) ladder ladder lift, elevator escalator door, gate flap, door gate gatekeeper, door-keeper threshold threshold entrance hall, lobby reception desk corridor, hallway corridor, passage entrance, entry exit, way out window (window) pane with window lattice window, trellis, fence chimney, funnel chimney hearth; stove town, city old city suburbs, outskirts downtown new town city dweller become urbanized small town estate, residence interurban town district

shaharlik shaharlashshaharcha shaharlararo DAHA

269

MAHALLA mahalladosh MAHALLIY GUZAR KVARTAL POSYOLKA MAVZE (mavze+i) QISHLOQ qishloqlik qishloqi qishloqcha hamqishloq OVUL YOVON KO'CHA

n n adj n n n n n qishloq (joy) n adj n n n n n berk ko'cha katta ko'cha ko'cha-ko'y shoh ko'cha tor ko'cha n n n n n n (piyodalar) o'tish joyi yerosti o'tish joyi to'xtash joyi

town quarter, district, neighbourhood from the same district local small market place in a mahalla block, town quarter; housing estate outlying township outskirts village countryside village dweller country, rural small village fellow villager village countryside street dead end avenue, main street streets avenue, main street alley, side street avenue boulevard square (in town) place, area, field, site, territory small square, field walk, promenade crossroads (pedestrian) walkway underground crossing parking traffic lights street lamp address address Y, X street (address) monument ancien monument ruins fortress, stronghold fortress, redoubt palace, castle hostel, inn (for caravans) hotel-keeper castle, palace citadel, palace (turk, mongol) palace, court

XIYOBON BULVAR MAYDON maydoncha sayrgoh CHORRAHA

SVETOFOR ADRES manzilgoh KO'CHA yodgorlik OBIDA XAROBA QAL'A QO'RG'ON SAROY saroyvon QASR ARK O'RDA

n ko'cha fonari n n NX ko'chasi numY uy n n n n n n n n n n

270

elchixona konsulxona ishxona

n n n pochta bo'limi n n n n kitob magazini kiyim(-kechak) magazini oziq-ovqat magazini xo'jalik mollari magazini n n go'sht do'koni gul do'koni kitob do'koni kiyim(-kechak) do'koni mashina do'koni non do'koni poyafzal do'koni sabzavot do'koni sovg'alar do'koni uy jihozlari do'koni yodgorliklar do'koni zargarlik do'koni n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n hayvonot bog'i n n n

embassy consulate office workshop post office post office market, commercial district supermarket store, shop bookshop clothing store grocery hardware store department store shop, store, (market) stall butcher's shop florist bookshop clothing store car dealer baker's shop shoeshop, shoe store greengrocer gift shop furniture store souvenir shop jeweller's shop small shop, (market) stall baker's shop, bakery butcher's shop tea house tea house worker restaurant cafe, cafetaria pub, bar hairdressing salon, barbershop (public) baths, bathhouse kiosk booth bank library stadium cinema, movie theater theater museum zoo zoo mosque madrasah (islamic college)

pochtaxona BOZOR SUPERMARKET MAGAZIN

UNIVERMAG DO'KON

do'koncha novvoyxona qassobxona choyxona choyxonachi RESTORAN KAFE pivoxona sartaroshxona HAMMOM KIOSKA BUDKA BANK KUTUBXONA STADION KINOTEATR / KINO TEATR MUZEY ZOOPARK MASJID MADRASA

271

XONAQOH CHERKOV mehmonxona KARVONSAROY MAKTAB UNIVERSITET tajribaxona LABORATORIYA RASADXONA OBSERVATORIYA kasalxona POLIKLINIKA / KLINIKA shifoxona TUG'RUQXONA dorixona ZAVOD FABRIKA remontxona OMBOR KANALIZATSIYA BENZOKOLONKA STANSIYA

n n n mehmonlar uyi n n n n n n n n n n meditsina punkti n n n n n n n n n metro stansiyasi

monastery church hotel, inn, guesthouse guesthouse caravanserai school, elementary school university laboratory laboratory observatory observatory hospital (poly)clinic dispensary, clinic first-aide post, clinic maternity home/clinic chemist's, pharmacy factory factory repair shop warehouse, storehouse, reservoir sewerage gas station station railway station subway station railway station bus station, bus stop stop bus stop subway station airport airport port, harbor camp campsite farm shelter, refuge (l/f) sheltered, covered base garden, park small park gardener gardening

VOKZAL OSTANOVKA BEKAT

n n n avtobus bekati metro bekati n n n n lager joyi n n adj n n n n n

AEROPORT tayyoragoh PORT LAGER FERMA BOSHPANA PANOH BAZA BOG' bog'cha bog'bon bog'bonlik

272

PARK SKVER gulzor guliston BO'STON CHAMAN SUPA FAVVORA FONTAN BASSEYN GO'R go'rkor go'riston QABR qabriston MAQBARA MAVZOLEY MOZOR QURqurilqurilish qurdirquruvchi

n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n v.t v.int n v.t n barpo bo'lbarpo qil-/et-

park square (with garden) flower terrace floral garden floral garden flowerbed, flower terrace mound fountain fountain (man-made) pool, basin grave, tomb gravedigger graveyard, cemetery tomb, grave cemetery, graveyard mausoleum mausoleum cemetery, graveyard build, construct (l/f) be built, in construction building, construction (l/f) have built, have constructed builder, constructor (l/f) be built, erected build, erect erect a building pitch (tent), stitch camp architect architecture architect architecture (prof.) architectural architecture carpenter carpentry brick mason, bricklayer, builder mud clay (used for building) clay (mixed with straw), layer of clay cement concrete gravel

IMORAT TIKARXITEKTOR ARXITEKTURA ME'MOR me'morlik me'moriy me'morchilik DURADGOR duradgorlik G'ISHT LOY PAXSA SEMENT BETON SHAG'AL

imorat solv.t chodir tikn n n n adj n n n n g'isht teruvchi n n n n n

273

Objects and Tools

BUYUM ASBOB asbobsoz MASHINA mashinalashmashinalashtirAPPARAT AVTOMAT avtomatlashtiravtomatik O'ZIYURAR DASTGOH QUROL qurollanqurollantirJIHOZ jihozlan n n n v.int v.t n n v.t adj adj n n v.int v.t n v.t | NX+ni NY bilan ~ asbob-uskuna ehtiyot qism xo'jalik mollari MOTOR motorli motorsiz motorlashtirG'ILDIRAK g'ildirakli SHINA BALLON TORMOZ PEDAL RUL PRUJINA NASOS TRUBA / TRUBKA QUVUR SHLANG FILTR filtrlaSUZsuzgich ELAelak n adj adj v.t n adj n n n tormoz qiln n n n n n neft quvuri n n v.t v.t n v.t n thing(s), articles (for use), goods tool, instrument tool maker machine car mechanize mechanize apparatus automat automate automatic automatic machine tool, workbench, loom arms, weapons, armaments, guns equipment equip o.s. (l/f) equip equipment supply X with Y equipment spare part hardware engine, motor motorized without motor motorize wheel wheeled tire tire brake brake pedal steering spring pump pipe, tube pipe, tube (oil, gas, irrigation) oil pipeline hose filter filter filter, strain filter; strainer sieve, sift sieve

274

JO'MRAK KRAN TIQtiqin PROBKA RAKOVINA UMIVALNIK TAYOQ tayoqcha KALTAK HASSA QAMCHI BOLTA boltalaTESHA o'roq KETMON ketmonchi KURAK BELKURAK BEL belcha PANSHAXA XASKASH ZAMBILG'ALTAK QO'SH QO'SHOMOCH PLUG EGAR JILOV YUGAN BOLG'A bolg'alaOMBUR qisqich QAYCHI qaychilaARRA arralaRANDA randalaEGOV egovla-

n n v.t tiqib bekitn n n n n n n n n n v.t n n n ketmon chopn n n n n n n n n v.t n n n n n n v.t n n n v.t n v.t n v.t n v.t

tap, spout tap, faucet stick, block plug in plug, stopper plug, stopper sink sink stick small stick; chopsticks stick stick, cane whip axe cut down (with an axe) chopper sickle ketman, mattock dig with a mattock hoer (wooden) spade, shovel (iron) spade, shovel shovel, spade, pickaxe (small) shovel, spade, pickaxe pitchfork rake wheelbarrow harness; animals yoked for the plough harness plough, plow plough, plow saddle rein(s) bridle hammer hammer pincers tongs, pincers, tweezers scissors cut (with scissors) saw saw (carpenter's) plane plane (down) file file

275

DASTA SOP sopli VINT PARMA / PARMADASTA MIX mixlaOTVERTKA GAYKA KNOPKA ARG'AMCHI ARQON DOR CHILVIR IP

n n adj n n n burama mix v.t n n gayka kaliti n n n n n n

handle handle with handle screw drill, gimlet nail screw nail (down) screwdriver nut spanner, wrench drawing pin rope, string rope tightrope gallows (thin) string thread lace cord (music instrument) string rubber band bundle, bunch string, ribbon (shoe)lace reel bunch knot hank, skein needle needle; pointer, needle pin, safety-pin hook, hanger hook, peg stake, peg net fishing rod scales thermometer barometer pointer, needle paint, dye

REZINKA BOG' bog'ich G'ALTAK O'RAM TUGUN KOPTOK IGNA NINA TO'G'NAG'ICH ILGAK ilgich QOZIQ TO'R QARMOQ TAROZI TERMOMETR BAROMETR MIL RANG

n n, meas n n meas n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

276

BO'YAbo'yalbo'yoq bo'yoqchi bo'yov LAK YASATTUZALAVHA TAXTA

v.t v.int n n n n v.t v.t n n

paint; dye get painted; get dyed paint; dye (house) painter dyer painting varnish decorate, adorn, deck out arrange, decorate, adorn slab, plaque board, plank (to sit on) wood, timber blackboard, chalk board wood, timber furniture furniture furniture store table desk desk (low) table small table (over a pit containing charcoal) chair sofa, divan bench chair, seat stool, chair armchair throne cupboad, closet, cabinet cupboard, wardrobe bookcase, bookshelf bookcase, bookshelf shelf leg (of a piece of furniture) drawer bed bedding make the bed quilt bedding, rug used for sitting or for bedding blanket mattress mattress sheet(s), linen pillow

yog'och-taxta MEBEL n uy jihozi uy jihozlari do'koni STOL PARTA XONTAXTA SANDAL STUL DIVAN SKAMEYKA o'rindiq KURSI KRESLO TAXT SHKAF JAVON n yozuv stoli n n n n n n n n n n n n kitob javoni kitob shkafi TOKCHA OYOQ tortma KARAVOT O'RIN (o'rn+i) KO'RPA ko'rpacha ADYOL TO'SHAK MATRAS CHOYSHAB YOSTIQ n n n n n o'rin soln n n n n n n

277

BOLISH JILD

n n yostiq jildi o'rin-ko'rpa ko'rpa-to'shak uyqu qopi

pillow pillow-case pillow-case, pillow cover bed, bedding, place to sleep bed and bedding sleeping bag cradle beer, coffin cage, run cage curtain mosquito net carpet, rug small carpet, rug carpet, rug weaver carpet, rug weavering kilim, palos (without pile) felt carpet; felt (reed) mat pot flowerpot vase, bowl vase bunch, handful (of flowers) bunch of flowers, spray of flowers wreath tablecloth napkin frame (for pictures) frame ashtray mirror plate-glass mirror load, burden, freight (l/f) luggage, baggage load Y on to X; overload X with Y be loaded on to X; be overloaded with X loader luggage storage office baggage, luggage bundle bundle suitcase, valise, trunk

BESHIK TOBUT KATAK QAFAS PARDA pashshaxona GILAM gilamcha gilamdo'z gilamdo'zlik PALOS KIGIZ BO'YRA TUVAK guldon VAZA DASTA GULDASTA GULCHAMBAR DASTURXON SALFYETKA RAMKA kuldon OYNA KO'ZGU YUK yuklayuklanyukchi yukxona BAGAJ BO'XCHA TUGUN CHAMADON

n n n n n n n n n n n n n n gul tuvak n n n, meas n n n n n ramkaga oln n tosh oyna n n v.t | NY+ni NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ n n n n n n

278

QOP qoplaqoplaqopqoq qopchiq RUKZAK XALTA TO'RVA SUMKA sumkacha PORTFEL HAMYON PACHKA pachkalaPAKET QUTI quticha YASHIK SANDIQ sandiqcha SAVAT TOG'ORA CHELAK GULCHELAK PAQIR BAK IDISH QULOQ quloqli PATNIS LAGAN lagancha TOVOQ LIKOP / LIKOPCHA TARELKA / TARYELKA

n, meas v.t v.t n n n n n n n n n n v.t n n pochta qutisi n n n n n n n n n n sopol buyumlar n idish(lar) n adj n n n n n n idish-tovoq idish-tovoqlar tovoq-qoshiq

sack, bag put in sacks cover lid, cover small sack, bag rucksack, back-pack bag, small sack, shopping bag sack, bag bag, handbag, schoolbag, sack handbag portfolio, briefcase purse, wallet bag, packet, pack put in bags, packets, packs packet box, chest, drawer letter-box, mailbox small box box chest, trunk, hutch small chest basket basin, container, bowl bucket, pail watering can bucket, pail tank pottery vessel, dish, plate dishes, crockery handle (of pots) with handle(s) tray large dish, tray dish plate, (shallow) bowl (esp. for pilau) plate, saucer plate dish crockery, dishes crockery, dishes, pots and pans bowl, large cup cup saucer goblet, (wine)glass, tumbler glass, tumbler

KOSA PIYOLA TAQSIMCHA QADAH STAKAN

n n n n n

279

KRUJKA PICHOQ QOSHIQ CHO'MICH VILKA sanchqi tayoqcha KO'ZA QOVOQ SHISHA BUTILKA bo'g'iz (bo'g'z+i) BANKA ochqich QOZON qozoncha TOVA QASQON CHOYNAK CHOYDISH SAMOVAR QUMG'ON TERMOS OBDASTA suzgich CHILIM OSHTAXTA SUPRA JO'VA GUGURT ZAJIGALKA isitish

n n n n n n n n n n n shisha ochadigan n

pint, mug, mugful knife spoon scoop fork fork small stick; chopsticks water-jug, jar, pitcher hollow gourd (dish) bottle bottle bottle-opener throat neck (of a bottle)

n banka ochadigan n n qozon osn n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n isitish sistemasi gaz balloni n n n

jar, tin, can can opener (can, bottle) opener key pot, cauldron, saucepan put the saucepan on the fire saucepan (frying) pan, skillet steamer teapot kettle samovar metal jug, ewer thermos water jug (used for washing hands) filter; strainer hookah, nargileh chopping board (leather) pastry board rolling-pin match(es) lighter heating heating system gas canister radiator air conditioning ventilator

RADIATOR KONDITSIONER VENTILATOR

280

TANDIR DUXOVKA O'CHOQ PECHKA PLITA PLITKA muzlatg'ich muzxona XOLODILNIK sovutgich KANTSELYARIYA YAPROQ VARAQ varaqlaKITOB kitobcha DAFTAR daftarcha BLOKNOT JILD MUQOVA muqovali muqovalaBET SAHIFA KONVERT XATJILD QALAM qalamdon RUCHKA / AVTORUCHKA FLOMASTER SIYOH siyohdon o'chirgich REZINKA QALAMTAROSH PAKKI chizg'ich LINEYKA

n n n n n gaz plita n elektr plitka n n n n n n, meas n, meas | (qog'oz) varag'i v.t n n n xotira daftari n n n n muqova qiladj v.t n n | numX+inchi ~ n n | numX+inchi ~ n n n qalam uchi n n n n n n n n n n n

oven, furnace (fixed horizontally) oven hearth; stove stove stove, cooker gaz stove plate electric plate refrigerator refrigerator, icebox refrigerator refrigerator stationery sheet (of paper) sheet (of paper) leaf through book booklet notebook, copy book notebook notebook, report book notebook, writing-pad cover, case (for books) binding, cover bind, cover covered bind, cover page page X page page X envelope envelope pencil, pen, ball-point, fountain pen nib, pen point pen container (fountain) pen felt pen, marker ink ink container rubber, eraser rubber, eraser rubber band penknife penknife ruler ruler

281

SIRKUL DOSKA TAXTA MASHINKA SOAT

n n n n n devor soati qo'l soati n n n soat millari n qo'ng'iroq chaladj n n n v.t v.int n n n n v.t n n n n cho'ntak fonari ko'cha fonari qo'l fonari n n n n n n n n n tikanli sim adj n n n n n

compasses board, blackboard blackboard, chalk board typewriter, small machine hour clock, watch wall-clock wristwatch watchmaker watch-making alarm clock (clock) hand bell ring with a bell key (can, bottle) opener key lock, padlock lock get locked locksmith lock; prop door chain chain lock (small) chain candle candlestick lantern flashlight street lamp flashlight lamp, light lampstand lamp bulb candelabra, centre light torch projector head-light wire (electric, iron...) barbed wire wireless cable flex, cable antenna, aerial screen battery

soatsoz soatsozlik BUDILNIK QO'NG'IROQ qo'ng'iroqli KALIT ochqich QULF qulflaqulflanqulfchi TAMBA ZULFIN ZANJIR zanjirlazanjircha SHAM shamdon FONAR

CHIROQ chiroqpoya LAMPA LAMPOCHKA QANDIL MASH'AL PROJEKTOR FARA SIM simsiz KABEL SHNUR ANTENNA EKRAN BATAREYA

282

ROZETKA VIKLUCHATEL QO'Yo'chirRADIOAPPARAT TELEVIZOR TELEFON

n n elektron buyumlar v.t v.t n n faks apparati n telefon apparati uyali telefon n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n nusxa apparati n n n n n kredit kartochkasi uy-ro'zg'or ishlari uylarni yig'ishtir-

plug switch electrical goods turn on, switch on, put on turn off, switch off, put off radio, radio set television, television set fax machine (tele)phone handset, receiver mobile, cell phone receiver, handset ear-phone(s) microphone record, disk, plate cassette (audio, video) videotape CD, compact disk tape recorder tape video (player) compass binocular(s) telescope microscope photo, snap camera film (for camera) ribbon tape, film frame (cine-)camera video camera photocopier computer calculator abacus printer card credit card housework, household duties do the housework, the household

TRUBKA QULOQCHIN MIKROFON PLASTINKA KASSETA VIDEOKASSETA CD-DISK / CD MAGNITOFON MAGNITOPLYONKA VIDEOMAGNITOFON KOMPAS DURBIN TELESKOP MIKROSKOP FOTO FOTOAPPARAT PLYONKA / FOTOPLYONKA LENTA KADR KINOKAMERA VIDEOKAMERA KOMPUTER KALKULATOR CHO'T PRINTER KARTOCHKA

283

KIR

n adj kir qilkir yoykir yuvn adj iflos qiln v.t v.int n n dog' qilv.t n axlatni tashlaeski-tuski

kirxona IFLOS ifloslik ifloslaifloslashGARD DOG' BULG'AAXLAT

dirt, filth soiled clothes, washing dirty make dirty, soil hang out washing wash clothes, do one's washing laundry, dry cleaner dirty (l/f), filthy, muddy make dirty, soil dirtiness, dirt mean action make dirty, soil get dirty, filthy, muddy dirt stain, patch stain, mark dirty, soil rubbish, garbage, trash throw out the garbage old and shabby, worn-out junk, trash (piece of) cloth, rag clean, clear pure cleanness, clarity, cleanliness purity clean, tidy (up) wash, clean clean, clear, tidy, net (person, place) cleanness, clarity, tidiness; cleanliness clean pure (l/f) dirty impure (l/f) clean pure (l/f) gather up, tidy up, put in order, clean up tidy, clean (person, place) tidy, put in order tidy tidy tidy, clean wipe, clean; wipe away wash be washed wash, have a wash make have a wash rinse out soap toilet soap household soap liquid soap soap brush; paint brush brush

LATTA TOZA tozalik tozalaOZODA ozodalik POK nopok POKIZA yig'ishtirSARANJOM SARISHTA

n adj n v.t yuvib tozalaadj n adj adj adj v.t adj saranjom qiladj sarishta qilsaranjom-sarishta v.t n v.int v.int v.t v.t n atir sovun kir sovun suyuq sovun v.t n v.t

ARTYUVyuvilyuvinyuvintirCHAYSOVUN

sovunlaCHO'TKA cho'tkala-

284

GUBKA SUPURsupurindi supurgi PILESOS

n v.t n n n kir mashinasi idish yuvadigan mashina

sponge sweep sweepings, refuse floor-brush, broom vacuum cleaner washing machine dishwasher iron iron iron iron

DAZMOL dazmolla-

n dazmol bosdazmol qilv.t

285

Clothing
KIYv.t kiyib yurkiyib turkiyib ko'rkiyim kiyv.int v.int v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ v.t | NY+ga NX+ni ~ n n adj kiyim-kechak SHIMARYECHyechilyechinyechintirYALANG v.t | yeng+ini ~ v.t yechib qo'yyechib tashlav.int v.int yechinib kiyinv.t adj yalang bosh yalang oyoq adj v.t n bosh kiyimi ichki kiyim oyoq kiyimi kiyim(-kechak) do'koni kiyim(-kechak) magazini n cho'milish libosi n n n n n n n n n kalta ishton n kalta shim wear, put on (clothes, shoes), dress wear (clothes, shoes) wear (clothes, shoes) try on dress o.s., get dressed be worn dress o.s., get dressed have Y put on X(=clothes) have Y put on X(=clothes) have Y put on X(=clothes) clothes, dress, garment, clothing material for clothing topless clothes roll up one's sleeves take off (clothes) take off (clothes) take off (clothes) be taken off take off one's clothes, undress change one's clothes undress bare naked bare-headed bare-legged naked, undressed bare wear out (clothes) clothes, dress, garment, clothing hat (and the like) undergarment, underwear footwear, shoes clothing store clothing store clothes, dress swimsuit coat, overcoat fur coat lambskin raincoat, cloak jacket jacket (upper outer garment, for women) costume, suit (material) used for a suit underpants, (boxer) shorts underpants trousers, pants shorts

kiyilkiyinkiyintirkiydirkiygizkiyim kiyimlik kiyimsiz

YALANG'OCH eskirtkiyim

LIBOS PALTO PO'STIN BARRA PLASH / PLASHCH KURTKA KAMZUL KOSTUM kostumlik ISHTON SHIM

286

SHORT TO'N CHOPON KO'YLAK ko'ylaklik ko'ylakli MAYKA YUBKA KOFTA BLUZA BLUZKA FARTUK YAKTAK SVITER FUFAYKA JEMPER SIYNABAND XALAT PIJAMA PAYPOQ NOSKI PAYTAVA

n jinsi shim n n n ayollar ko'ylagi n adj ko'ylak-ishton n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n oyog'+iga kiydiroyoq kiyimi oyoqqa kiy-

shorts jeans (traditional) long robe, coat (traditional) robe, coat shirt, dress, blouse dress dress(material) used for a shirt wearing a shirt underwear T-shirt, sports shirt skirt jacket, blouse (for women) blouse blouse (for women) apron open-necked traditional shirt sweater, pullover sweater, sweat shirt sweater, jumper bra dressing gown pyjamas, pajamas sock(s), stocking(s) sock(s) foot-cloth(s) put shoes on footwear, shoes put one's shoes on footwear, shoes, boots shoeshop, shoe store (leather) boot(s) shoemaker boot(s), shoe(s) boot, shoelace(s) slipper(s); sandal(s) sandal(s) (light summer) shoe(s) slipper(s) (soleless boots) flat shoe(s) (not above the anklebone) heel(s) (of shoes) with high heels high heels heel(s) (of shoes) string, ribbon (shoe)lace glove(s) hat (and the like)

POYAFZAL ETIK etikdo'z BOTINKA SHIPPAK SANDAL KAVUSH MAHSI TUFLI POSHNA poshnali O'KCHA bog'ich QO'LQOP

n poyafzal do'koni n n n botinka ipi n n n n n n adj baland poshnali tufli n n n bosh kiyimi

287

SHLYAPA SHAPKA QALPOQ qalpoqli qalpoqdo'z TELPAK SALLA QULOQCHIN DO'PPI do'ppido'z BO'YINBOG'

n n n adj n n n n n n n bo'yinbog' bog'la-

hat cap, shapka felt hat, (round) cap, (round) hat wearing a hat hatter fur cap turban earflap(s) (on cap, hat) (embroidered) skullcap maker of skullcaps tie scarf tie a tie scarf headscarf, neckerchief put on a headscarf handkerchief handkerchief veil veil yashmak, burka helmet helmet, hard hat ribbon tie belt put on a belt belt cloth belt belt, bracelet umbrella sunshade, umbrella fan fan o.s. fan glasses, spectacles put on glasses put on glasses wearing glasses lens for men for women for children uniform cloth, material, fabric, textiles cloth, material, fabric, textiles draper, clothier

SHARF RO'MOL ro'molcha DASTRO'MOL CHIMMAT CHACHVON PARANJI KASKA SHLYEM LENTA GALSTUK KAMAR QAYISH BELBOG' TASMA ZONTIK SOYAVON YELPIyelpinyelpig'ich KO'ZOYNAK ko'zoynakli LINZA ERKAK AYOL BOLA FORMA GAZMOL GAZLAMA gazlamafurush

n n ro'mol o'ran n n n n n n n n n kamar bog'lan n n n n v.t v.int n n ko'zoynak taqko'zoynak tutadj n erkaklar ayollar bolalar n n n n

288

MATO (mato+i) PAXTA BO'Z CHIT KANOP CHIPTA SURP KIGIZ DUXOBA KIMXOB DOKA TERI

n n n n n n n n n n n n adj qo'y terisi teri mahsuloti n n adj n adj n n ipak qurti adj n n n n n n n n adj n n n v.t n numX+inchi ~ v.t n v.t n n, adj n n v.t n n

cloth, material cotton coarse cotton cloth cotton, print, chintz, calico hemp jute, hemp linen felt carpet; felt velvet brocade fine cloth, musli skin, leather leather sheepskin leather products leather fur fur wool woolly wool silk silkworm silk silkworm breeder sericulture, silkworm breeding silk satin (piece of) cloth, rag sleeve(s) with sleeves collar with collar pocket pocket button button up size (cloths) X size spin spinning weave (cloth, item) weaver textile weaver textile (industry, activity) cut out cut cut

CHARM MO'YNA mo'ynali JUN junli YUNG IPAK ipakli ipakchi ipakchilik SHOYI ATLAS LATTA YENG yengli YOQA yoqali CHO'NTAK KISSA TUGMA tugmalaRAZMER YIGIRyigiruv TO'QIto'quvchi to'qima to'qimachi to'qimachilik BICHbichiq bichim

289

TIKtikuv tikuvchi CHEVAR QADACHOK YAMAyamoq tuzatKASHTA BO'YAbo'yalbo'yoq bo'yoqchi bo'yoqchilik DAZMOL

v.t qo'lda tikilgan n n n v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~ n v.t n v.t n gul tikv.t v.int n n n n dazmol bosdazmol qildazmol urish v.t n kimyoviy tozalash

sew (clothes) pitch (tent), stitch handmade (clothes) sewing dressmaker, taylor seamstress, dressmaker sew X(=button) on Y seam, joint patch, mend, stitch, repair (clothes, shoes) patch repair, mend, fix embroidery embroider paint; dye get painted; get dyed paint; dye (house) painter dyer dyeing iron iron iron steam-pressing iron dry cleaner's dry cleaning wash, have a wash bathe, have a bath bath shower have a shower have a shower with shower bath have a bath have a bath bathroom (public) baths, bathhouse towel soap toilet soap soap shampoo hairdresser, barber hairdressing salon, barbershop comb comb one's hair comb one's hair comb hairbrush

dazmollaXIMCHISTKA

yuvinCHO'MILcho'miltirDUSH dushli VANNA vannaxona HAMMOM SOCHIQ SOVUN sovunlaSHAMPUN SARTAROSH sartaroshxona TARAtarantaroq

v.int v.int v.t n dushda cho'mildush qabul qiladj n vanna qabul qilvannada cho'miln n n n atir sovun v.t n n n v.t soch+ini tarav.int n soch cho'tkasi

290

OL-

v.t soch olsoqol oltirnoq olsoch+ini oldirsoqol+ini oldirn v.t n soch bo'yasoch bo'yash

trim cut hair shave cut one's nails have a haircut get shaved part plait plait, pigtail tint hair hair dye shave shave o.s razor razor blade shaving cream toothbrush tooth paste massage massage massage dress up, smarten up dress up, smarten up make-up make up make up cosmetic cosmetics perfume, fragrance, scent put perfume on X perfumer perfumery (face) powder powder powder make up, put on one's make-up perfumery, perfumes cosmetics lipstick eye and eyebrow make-up, mascara jeweler, goldsmith jewelry (industry) jeweller's shop precious stone pearl(s) pearl(s) pearl(s) pearl ring

FARQ O'RKOKIL

QIRqirinUSTARA LEZVIE

v.t v.int n n soqol sovuni tish cho'tkasi tish pastasi

MASSAJ UQALAYASANyasantirPARDOZ pardozlapardozbop KOSMETIKA ATIR ATTOR attorlik UPA

n massaj qilv.t v.int v.t n pardoz qilv.t adj n n NX+ga ~ sepn n n yuz+iga ~ surtyuz+iga ~ qo'yupa suratir-upa upa-elik lab pomadasi

SURMA ZARGAR zargarlik JAVHAR DUR DURDONA MARVARID INJU UZUK

n n n zargarlik do'koni n n n n n n

291

BILAGUZUK BOLDOQ ZIRAK ISIRG'A / SIRG'A ZANJIR MUNCHOQ MARJON TAQtaqinchoq NIQOB niqoblanMODA

n n n n n n n v.t n n v.int n modadagi modadan chiqqan

bracelet ring earrings earrings earrings chain necklace, beads (coral) necklace wear, fasten, put on (jewels, tie) jewels mask guise, cover put on a mask, be disguised fashion fashionable, in fashion out-of-date, old-fashioned

292

Daily Life (II)

Food
YEyegizyem ICHichirichimlik ichimli RO'ZA PARHEZ parhezdor VEGITARIAN OG'IZ (og'z+i) QULTUM OSHAosham SHIRIN shirinxo'r SHIRINTOMOQ nonxo'r MAST mastlik araqxo'r araqxo'rlik KAYF v.t yeb ko'ryeb qo'yv.t n yem-xashak v.t v.t n adj n ro'za tutn parhez tutparhez qiln n meas n v.t n, meas adj n, adj n, adj n adj n n n n kayf+i bor osh bo'lsin! OVQAT ovqatlanovqatlantirOZIQ oziqli oziqlann ovqat pishirovqat tayyorlav.int v.t n adj v.int oziq-ovqat oziq-ovqat sanoati TAOM n NX taomlar+i NX+cha taom+i birinchi taom ikkinchi taom n eat taste eat up force to / make eat fodder, food (for animals) hay drink, ingest make drink beverage, drink drinkable fast fast avoidance of food; diet diet diet (people) on a diet vegetarian mouthful sip, gulp eat with the fingers handful (food eaten with the fingers) sweet (l/f) gourmand; greedy gourmand; greedy big eater drunk drunkenness alcoholic, drunkard alcoholism drunkenness, enjoyment be drunk good appetite! food, feeding, meal, lunch do the cooking do the cooking eat, feed o.s. feed food; fodder nourishing, nutritious eat, feed o.s. food; provisions food industry, farm-produce industry food, meal, dish X(=country, region) food X(=country, region) food first course second course food

TOMOQ

293

TAMADDI GAZAK NONUSHTA

n tamaddi qiln n (ikkinchi) nonushta nonushta qilertalabki choy n tushlik qiltushki ovqat kechki ovqat

snack, bite have a snack snack, light meal breakfast lunch have breakfast, have lunch breakfast lunch have lunch lunch dinner picnic menu menu menu second course first course banquet, social entertainment entertain X, give hospitality to X entertain X, give hospitality to X cafe, cafetaria cafe, cafetaria tea house tea house worker bar buffet, snack bar food stall restaurant canteen, dining room dining room kitchen canteen, restaurant grocery baker bakery trade baker's shop, bakery baker's shop butcher butchery butcher's shop butcher's shop get cooked cook do the cooking be cooked ripe

tushlik

PIKNIK MENU taomnoma

n n n ovqatlar ro'yxati quyuq ovqat suyuq ovqat

ZIYOFAT

n NX+ga ~ berNX+ni ziyofat qiln n n n n n oziq-ovqat rastasi n n ovqatlanish xonasi n oziq-ovqat magazini

KAFE qahvaxona choyxona choyxonachi BAR BUFET RESTORAN ovqatxona oshxona

NOVVOY novvoylik novvoyxona QASSOB qassoblik qassobxona

n n n non do'koni n n n go'sht do'koni

PISHpishirpishirilpishiq

v.int v.t ovqat pishirv.int adj

294

XOM

adj xom-xata tag+iga olibdi

raw, uncooked unripe under-cooked overdone steam, simmer; infuse, brew, make (tea) steam, stew steam boil roast, fry get roasted roast (meat), joint grill cook (on a spit) smoke bake (bread); prepare (somsa, ...) preserve conserves, preserves can cook cooking master chief art of cooking recipe set the table taste, flavour pleasure enjoy X delicious, tasty tasteless, flavourless taste, flavour delight, interest taste delicious, flavourful, tasty, palatable flavourless, bland, tasteless, unpalatable flavour, taste flavourful, tasty flavourless, tasteless taste nice to X (l/f) taste, flavour delicious, flavourful sweet taste taste sweet (l/f) tasty, delicious sweet dish, dessert, pastry sweetness, deliciousness (l/f) bitter, hot, spicy, strong; sour bitterness, spiciness spice

DAMLAdimlabug'laqaynatQOVURqovurilqovurdoq qizartirtoblaDUDLAYOPKONSERVA

v.t v.t v.t v.t v.t v.int n v.t v.t v.t v.t n konservalar konserva qiln n n n n dasturxon tayyorla-

oshpaz oshpazlik PAZANDA pazandalik RETSEPT

LAZZAT lazzatli lazzatsiz MAZA mazali mazasiz TA'M ta'mli ta'msiz TATITOT totli toti/ totSHIRIN shirinlik ACHCHIQ achchiqlik ZIRAVOR

n VX+ib lazzat qiladj adj n maza+sini ko'radj adj n adj adj v.int | NX+ga ~ n adj v.t totib ko'radj n adj n n

295

dorivor TAXIR NORDON SIRKA TUZ tuzliq tuzli tuzsiz tuzlatuzlanSHO'R sho'rlik

n adj adj n n tuz soln adj adj v.t v.int adj n suvi qochgan

medecine ingredient spice bitter, sour, sharp sour, bittersweet vinegar salt salt, put salt salt-cellar salted, salty without salt salt be salted salty, salt salinity stale hot meal, pilau cook kitchen canteen, restaurant eat with the fingers wheat barley maize, corn rice (husked) flour X flour meat meat of X(=animal) veal pork butcher's shop turkey beef minced meat mutton chicken containing meat meat dish meatless, vegetarian sliced meat, minced meat chop, mince fish containing fish egg white of egg yolk of egg caviar

OSH oshpaz oshxona OSHABUG'DOY ARPA MAKKAJO'XORI / MAKKA GURUCH / GURUNCH UN

n n n v.t n n n n n NX un+i n NX go'shti buzoq go'shti cho'chqa go'shti go'sht do'koni kurka go'shti mol go'shti qiyma go'shti qo'y go'shti tovuq go'shti adj go'shtli ovqat adj n v.t n n n tuxum oqi tuxum sarig'i n

GO'SHT

go'shtli go'shtsiz qiyma qiymalaBALIQ baliqli TUXUM

IKRA

296

KO'K KO'KAT SABZA sabzavot SABZI SHOLG'OM REDISKA TURP BAQLAJON POMIDOR BODRING KARAM KARTOSHKA LAVLAGI QIZILCHA MOSH NO'XAT YASMIQ BURCHOQ LOVIYA ISMALOQ SELDEREY SALAT PETRUSHKA PIYOZ SARIMSOQ MURCH GARMDORI QALAMPIR XANTAL GORCHITSA ZAYTUN BEDA ZIRA SHIVIT RAYHON YALPIZ QO'ZIQORIN (qo'ziqorn+i)

n ko'katlar n n n sabzavot do'koni n n n n osh qovoq n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n murch-qalampir n n n n n n n n n

greens, vegetables greens, greenery greens, greenery greens, green vegetables vegetables, greens greengrocer carrot turnip radish horse-radish, radish pumpkin (edible), squash egg-plant tomatoe cucumber cabbage potatoe beetroot beetroot peas, beans, lentil peas lentil garden peas haricot beans spinach celery lettuce salad (meal) parsley onion garlic (black) pepper (cayenne) pepper (red) pepper pepper mustard mustard olive clover caraway dill basil mint mushroom (edible)

297

MEVA mevali QOQI

n meva-cheva adj n | NX ~ quruq meva ho'l meva

fruit all kinds of fruit fruit, with fruit dried X(=fruit, meat) dried fruit fresh fruit melon small or unripe melon small, early ripening melon water-melon peach apricot dried apricot apple pear pomegranate fig quince date date-palm, date plum cherry sweet cherry grapes raisin(s) (seedless, currants) dried grapes strawberry mulberry black mulberry orange orange lemon banana nut, walnut hazelnut peanut chestnut almond pistachio nut non-edible oil, grease edible oil, fat, grease oily, greasy oil, grease

QOVUN XAMAK HANDALAK TARVUZ SHAFTOLI O'RIK TURSHAK OLMA NOK ANOR ANJIR BEHI JIYDA XURMO OLXO'RI OLCHA GILOS UZUM MAYIZ KISHMISH QULUPNAY TUT SHOTUT APELSIN PO'RTAHOL LIMON BANAN YONG'OQ

n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n o'rmon yong'og'i yer yong'oq n n n n adj v.t

KASHTAN BODOM PISTA MOY moyli moyla-

298

YOG' yog'li yog'laSUT sutli sutsiz suzma QATIQ QURTAVA PISHLOQ SIR QAYMOQ SARIYOG' MARGARIN XAMIR NON

n adj v.t n adj sutli mahsulotlar adj n n n n n n n n n n non yopnon do'koni non-pon zog'ora non gijda non buxanka non

fat, oil, grease fat, oily, greasy grease, oil milk with milk, milk, dairy dairy goods without milk curd(s) yoghurt, sour milk dried sour milk cheese cheese cream (dairy) butter margarin pastry, dough bread bake bread baker's shop all kinds of bread maize bread kind of bread, light in texture bread (loaf), bread and buns small round flat bread thin sheet of dough used in cooking noodles noodles (with meat and vegetable soup) pasta, macaroni meat dumplings dolma (vegetable stuffed with meat and spices) steamed big meat dumplings sinker, pie thin flat cake flat cake, bread pudding (made from cereals) soups, brouths (and the like) rice soup rice and lentil soup soup, brouth rice soup with meat mung beans and rice pilaf rice cooked with milk and butter kebab kebab seller kebab stall

KULCHA YUPQA UGRA LAG'MON MAKARON CHUCHVARA DO'LMA MANTI SOMSA PATIR GO'JA XO'RDA MOSHXO'RDA SHO'RVA MASTAVA MOSHKICHIRI PALOV SHIRGURUCH KABOB kabobpaz kabobxona

n n n n n n n n n n patir non n suyuq osh n n n n n n n n n n

299

SHASHLIK qovurma JARKOP dimlama HASIP QAZI KOLBASA SOSISKA BUTERBROD SANDVICH GAMBURGER PITSA SHAKAROB QUYMOQ QAYLA shirinlik PECHENYE CHALPAK QATLAMA SUMALAK BISKVIT PIROJNOYE TORT SHAKAR shakarli shakarsiz shakarpaz QAND QANDOLAT qandolatchi KONFET SAQICH / CHAYNAG'ICH-SAQICH ASAL BOL SHINNI QIYOM MURABBO HOLVA

n n n n n n n n n n n n n achchiq-chuchuk n n n n n n n n n n obi-non n adj adj n n chaqmoq qand n n qand-qurs n n n n n n n n

barbecued meat (or liver) roast meat fried meat and potatoes a kind of stew sheep intestines stuffed with meat and rice (horse) sausage(s) (dry) sausage (pork) sausage sandwich sandwich hamburger pizza salad with tomato and onions salad with tomato and onions omelette (made with flour) sauce sweet dish, dessert, pastry pastries, cookie pancake; kind of sweetmeat made of fruit pastry containing yoghurt and butter porridge of wheat, flour, sugar and butter, especially for Nowruz biscuit cake, pastry pie, cake (round flat) cake sugar, granulated sugar with sugar without sugar confectioner (lump) sugar, candy lamp sugar sweets, candy, sweetmeats confectioner sweets, all kinds of sweetmeats sweet(s), candy chewing-gum honey honey fruit syrup thick syrup jam jam, preserve halva

300

SHOKOLAD MUZQAYMOQ MOROJNIY ichimlik SUV

n n n n n ichimli suv mineral suv muzli suv qaynoq suv n famil choy ko'k choy qora choy n n n n n n n n NX sharbati meva sharbati n adj NX suvi n n adj spirtli ichimliklar adj spirtsiz ichimliklar n oq sharob qizil sharob n n n n n n n n n n n

chocolate ice cream ice cream beverage, drink water drinking water mineral water iced water boiled water tea black tea green tea black tea tea house teapot tea boiled with milk, butter, salt and pepper coffee coffee cafe, cafetaria cacao cocoa sweet drink, sherbet X(=fruit) juice fruit juice fruit juice juicy X(=fruit) juice lemonad alcohol, spirits alcoholic (alcoholic) drinks non-alcoholic soft drinks wine, spirits white wine red wine liquor, vodka, brandy cognac, brandy liquor champagne (home-made grape) wine wine wine, spirits beer pub, bar koumiss (fermented mare's milk) boza (grain alcohol)

CHOY

choyxona CHOYNAK SHIRCHOY KOFE QAHVA qahvaxona KAKAO SHARBAT

SHIRA shirali SUV LIMONAD SPIRT spirtli spirtsiz SHAROB

ARAQ / AROQ KONYAK LIKYOR SHAMPAN MUSALLAS VINO MAY PIVO pivoxona QIMIZ BO'ZA

301

TAMAKI tamakichi NOS PAPIROS SIGARETA FILTR filtrli filtrsiz TRUBKA CHEKchekilQORADORI NARKOTIK

n n n n n n adj adj n v.t v.int tamaki chekilmasin n n

tobacco tobacco manufacturer nas (chewing tobacco) cigarette cigarette filter filtered filterless pipe smoke be smoked no smoking opium drugs, narcotics

302

Transport
YO'L n yo'l+idan adashNX+dan ~ so'rakatta yo'l keng yo'l tosh yo'l yo'lovchi yo'ldosh SO'QMOQ YO'LAK YO'LKA KO'CHA yo'lga tushn n n n n n katta ko'cha ko'cha-ko'y shoh ko'cha tor ko'cha n n n (piyodalar) o'tish joyi yerosti o'tish joyi (mashina) to'xtash joyi SVETOFOR KO'PRIK TUNNEL KANAL ARAVA aravacha aravakash AVTOMOBIL avtomobilsozlik MASHINA n n n n n n n n yuk avtomobili n n mashina do'koni yuk mashinasi n n n n n way, road route, line path lose one's way, get lost ask X the way highway highway road pavement set off pedestrian passenger, traveller travelling companion (foot)path corridor, passage pavement, sidewalk street avenue, main street streets avenue, main street alley, side street avenue boulevard crossroads (pedestrian) walkway underground crossing parking traffic lights bridge tunnel canal cart; waggon cart-load, load small cart carter, (coach) driver car truck, lorry truck, lorry car industry machine car car dealer truck, lorry car van bus tram trolleybus

XIYOBON BULVAR CHORRAHA

AVTOMASHINA FURGON AVTOBUS TRAMVAY TROLLEYBUS

303

METRO POYEZD PAROVOZ VAGON

n n n n vagon restoran yotoq vagon n adj n pastki qavat yuqori qavat temir yo'l temir yo'l bekati temir yo'lchi

underground, subway train locomotive wagon, carriage dining car sleeping car sleeping compartment sleeping (car) shelf; berth lower berth upper berth railway, railroad railway station railway worker rail, track ship submarine sailboat navigation shipbuilding industry (small) boat steamship, steamer oar, scull screw screw-propeller with screw-propeller sail with sails (aero)plane (aero)plane aeronautics (aero)plane (aero)plane wing(s) helicopter rocket bicycle, bike motorbike wheel wheeled tire sled(ge) toboggan parachute transport by public transport public transport on foot

KUPE kupeli POLKA

RELS KEMA kemachilik kemasozlik QAYIQ PAROXOD ESHKAK VINT vintli YELKAN yelkanli TAYYORA SAMOLYOT samolyotsozlik uchqich AEROPLAN QANOT VERTOLYOT RAKETA VELOSIPED MOTOTSIKL G'ILDIRAK g'ildirakli SHINA CHANA PARASHUT TRANSPORT

n n suv osti kemasi yelkanli kema n n n n n n adj n adj n n n n n n n n n n n adj n n n n transportda shahar transporti adv

PIYODA

304

YAYOV

adv ko'cha harakati yo'l harakati

on foot traffic traffic stop bus stop subway station terminus terminus bus station, bus stop space between two bus stations number X bus bus route taxi minibus gas station railway station subway station terminus railway station railway station platform platform express train express, fast (train) express, fast (train) airline flight airport airport port, harbor port junction drive (vehicle) driver pilot (car, plane) sail, navigate sail, navigate driver, chauffeur railway worker sailor, seaman pilot (plane) stewardess captain diver go up, rise, climb up, ascend X get into X, get on X(=vehicle)

BEKAT

n avtobus bekati metro bekati oxirgi bekat so'nggi bekat n numX+chi avtobus avtobus yo'li n marshrutli taksi n n metro stansiyasi oxirgi stansiya n temir yo'l bekati n n n adj adj havo yo'li n n n n n

OSTANOVKA AVTOBUS TAKSI BENZOKOLONKA STANSIYA

VOKZAL PERRON PLATFORMA EKSPRESS tezkor TEZYURAR REYS AEROPORT tayyoragoh PORT BANDARGOH

HAYDAhaydovchi BOSHQARSUZSHOFYOR dengizchi uchuvchi STYUARDESSA KAPITAN G'AVVOS CHIQ-

v.t n v.t v.int kemada suzn temir yo'lchi n n n n n v.int | NX+ga ~

305

O'TIRTUSH-

v.int v.int | NX+ga ~ v.int v.int | NX+dan ~ tushib qolv.int | NX+ga ~ v.int | NX+ga ~ otda borotdan tushotga minotga o'tirmashina qo'ymashina to'xta-

sit, sit down take X, board X(=vehicle) go down, descend get off X(=vehicle) get off get in X, board X(=vehicle) mount X(=horse), board X(=vehicle), ride X ride a horse dismount get on a horse get on a horse park a car park a car accident, crash, wreck have an accident, crash journey, tour, trip be travelling set off on a journey set off on a journey (travel and) visit X tourist, hiker itinerant, travelling travel, travelling, journey be travelling set off on a journey set off on a journey travel agency travel traveller, tourist have a good / pleasant journey! frequent (X=place) travel (regularly), ply (vehicle, ship) traffic, running schedule come and go, round trip one-way ticket round-trip ticket itinerary, route with a specified itinerary stop, stage stop off, break the journey (traveller) guest change X(=transportation) charge, fare (vehicle) fare fare class (social, school, transport) Xrd class business class Xrd class (first, second,...) class economy class

MIN-

AVARIYA

n avariyaga uchran safarda safarga chiqsafarga jo'naNX+ga safar qiln adj n sayohatda sayohatga chiqsayohatga jo'nasayohat agentligi sayohat qiln oq yo'l! v.int | NX+ga ~ n qatnov jadvali borish-kelish bir tomonga bilet ikki tomonga bilet

SAFAR

SAYYOH SAYYOR SAYOHAT

sayohatchi QATNAqatnov

MARSHRUT marshrutli MANZIL QO'Nqo'noq O'TKIRA / YO'LKIRA

n adj n v.int n v.int | (boshqa) NX+ga ~ n kira haqi yo'l haqi

SINF KLASS darajali TOIFA

n n | numX+chi ~ biznes klass adj | numX+chi ~ numX+inchi toifa iqtisodiy toifa

306

PASSAJIR yo'lovchi HAMROH yo'ldosh KARVON

n n n NX+ga ~ bo'ln n

passenger pedestrian passenger, traveller travelling companion accompany X travelling companion caravan

307

Leasure
TOMOSHA n NX+ni tomosha qilko'ngl+i ochko'ngil ochish bo'sh vaqt OTPUSKA n otpuskada otpuskaga chiqhordiq kuni TA'TIL n ta'tilda ta'tilga ketdam olish dam olish kuni KANIKUL ISTIROHAT BAYRAM n kanikulda n n bayram kuni n sayr qilaylanib yuraylanib keln n n n n NX+ni borib ~ NX+ni kelib ~ n ziyorat qiln n n yo'l boshlovchi yo'l ko'rsatuvchi GID esdalik n n esdalik sovg'a yodgorliklar do'koni fun, enjoyment, stroll, loitering watch, enjoy X(=spectacle, entertainment) have fun, amuse oneself, take a stroll at X enjoy oneself, have fun recreation, distraction spare time leave, vacation on leave go on leave rest, day off holidays, vacation, leave on holiday go away on holiday holiday, vacation, leave holiday, vacation, leave holiday, vacation, leave on holiday rest, holiday holiday, festival holidays walk, stroll, promenade go for a walk, for a stroll go for a walk, for a stroll go for a walk, for a stroll tourist, hiker travel, travelling, journey traveller, tourist tourist tourism visit X (social) visit X (social) pilgrimage visit visit visitor saint's tomb, shrine scenic spot; historical site excursion, sightseeing pathfinder tour guide guide(book) tourist guide souvenir souvenir souvenir shop

SAYR AYLANSAYYOH SAYOHAT sayohatchi TURIST TURIZM KO'RZIYORAT ziyoratchi ziyoratgoh EKSKURSIYA

308

O'YIN o'yinchi o'yinchoq o'yinboz o'yingoh O'YNA-

n o'yin maydonchasi n, adj n n n v.t v.t | NX ~

o'ynoqi ovunchoq TO'P KOPTOK PUFAK ARG'IMCHOQ KARTA SHAHMAT SHASHKA ASKIYA QO'G'IRCHOQ QIMOR qimorboz SPORT sportchi TRENER STADION HOVUZ YAXMALAK MUSOBAQA musobaqalashmusobaqadosh KONKURS MATCH CHEMPION YUTyutqazHISOB DURANG KOMANDA ATLETIKA

adj n n n n n n n n n n n qimor o'ynan n sport klubi sport maydoni n n n suv havzasi n cho'milish basseyni n n musobaqa qilv.int n n n n v.t NX+da ~ yutib chiqv.t n | numX+ga numY ~ n n n

dance game, play, match playground player toy keen player, gambler sports ground dance play, have fun play X (ball, game, ...) play with X, dally with X playful, mischievous toy (used to quieten, console) ball ball balloon swing (playing) cards chess checkers, draughts a type of word game doll, puppet gambling gamble keen gambler sport sports club sports ground sportsman, sportswoman trainer, coach stadium swimming-pool swimming-pool swimming-pool skating rink competition, race compete compete competitor competition match champion win, gain win X(=match, competition) lose score of X to Y draw team, crew athletics

309

YUGURPOYGA KROSS GIMNASTIKA FUTBOL futbolchi GOL DARVOZA BASKETBOL VOLEYBOL XOKKEY TENNIS RAKETKA GOLF BOKS bokschi KURASH kurashchi PAHLAVON / POLVON ULOQ CHAVANDOZ CHANG'I KONKI

yugurish n n suvda suzish n n n n gol urn n n n n n n n n n n n n n velosiped poygasi n chang'i uchn konki uch-

running, race race, racing cross swimming gymnastics football, soccer football player goal score goal basketball volleyball hockey tennis racket golf boxing boxer wrestling wrestler strong man, wrestler ulak (on horseback to get an ox carcass) horseman cycling ski(s) ski skate(s) skate

310

Locutions
Forms of Address
dada(jon) ada oyi(jon) aya NX aka NX+jon NX opa NX+hon NX o'g'lim qizim NX NX buva buvi ota / otajon ona / onajon amaki aka xola opa do'stim yaxshi qiz ovsin mulla aka dugona yaxshi yigit ukam singlim yigit (hoy), qizcha (hoy), bola bolalar NX aka NX opa janob NX NX xonim domla! daddy daddy mummy mummy X(=first name) to one's elder brother X(=first name) to one's younger brother X(=first name) to one's elder sister X(=first name) to one's younger brother X(=first name) to one's son X(=first name) to one's daughter X(=first name) to one's child (respectful) to an elderly man (respectful) to an elderly woman (respectful) to an unknown older man (respectful) to an unknown older woman (respectful) to an unknown older/elderly man (respectful) to an unknown elderly man (respectful) to an unknown older/elderly woman (respectful) to an unknown elderly woman male to an unknown male (same age) male to an unknown female (same age) elderly (rural areas) female to elderly female elderly (rural areas) female to elderly male young female to an unknown young female young female to an unknown young male to a an unknown younger male to a an unknown younger female to an unknown young man to an unknown girl to an unknown boy to unknown children X(=proper name) (to an older male friend) X(=proper name) (to an older female friend) Mr. X(=proper name) Mrs. X(=proper name) professor!

311

janob! xonim! xonimlar va janoblar! o'rtoq // o'rtoqlar! kasbdosh // kasbdoshlar! do'stim // do'stlarim! qadrli / aziz do'stim // do'stlar! kechirasiz, CX. hay! ey! to'xtang! menga qarang! qani, CX! ha, nima? ha, nima demoqchisiz?

(Mister!) (Madam!) ladies and gentleman! comrade // comrades! colleague // colleagues! my friend // my friends! my dear friend // dear friends! excuse me, X. (attracting attention on request X) hey! hey! look here!, listen! well, X!, come on X! (exhorting to X) yes? yes, what it is?

312

Greetings
- salom! - salom! - assalomu alaykum! - vaalaykum assalom! - salomu alaykum! - vaalaykum assalom! xayrli erta / tong // kun // kech! allo! - qalaysiz? - qalaysiz? kayfingiz qalay? - yaxshimisiz? - yaxshimisiz? // yaxshiman, rahmat! // o'zingiz yaxshimisiz? ahvollar qalay? ahvollar yaxshimi? - ahvolingiz qanday/qalay? - yaxshi // juda yaxshi. - qandaysiz? - yomon emas // zo'r, o'zingizchi? omonmisiz? esonmisiz? sog'-salomatmisiz? - sog'lig'ingiz qanday/qalay? - yomon emas // yaxshi // o'rtacha // joyida. tinchmisiz? - ishlar(ingiz) qanday/qalay? - (ishlar) joyida. - hammasi / hamma narsa joyidami? - (hamma narsa) joyida, rahmat. uy ichingiz / uydagilar / oilangiz tinchmi? - qanday/nima yangiliklar bor? - hammasi eskicha. a'lo darajada(, rahmat). juda yaxshi (, rahmat). hamma yaxshi. yaxshi (, rahmat). joyida (, rahmat). yomon emas. o'rtacha. bir nav. sekin-sekin, o'rtacha. - hello! - hello! - peace be with you! (formal) - and peace be with you! - peace be with you! (formal) - and peace be with you! good morning // afternoon // evening! hello! (on the phone) - how are you? - how are you? how are you? (are you in a good mood?) - are you well? - are you well? // yes, thank you! // and how about you? how's things? how are you? - how are you? - fine // very well. - how are you? - not bad // fine, and you? how are you? (are you safe?) (used by women) how are you? (are you in good health?) (used by women) how are you? (are you in good health?) - how is your health? - not bad // well // fair // all right. how are you? (is everything well?) - how are things going? - all right. - is everything OK? - quite well, thank you. is everything well at home?, how is your family? - what's new? - nothing new. very well (,thank you). very well (, thank you). everyone is well. well, fine (, thanks). quite well, all right (,thank you). not bad. so-so. so-so so-so, as usual.

313

yaxshiroq bo'lishi ham mumkin edi. mazam yo'q. yaxshi emas. o'zingizchi?

could be better. not too good. not too good. and you?

314

Leave-taking
xayr! xo'p, xayr! xayr endi! xayrli tun! tuningiz xayrli bo'lsin! - hozircha! - xo'p, hozircha! tez (orada / kunlarda) uchrashguncha! - ko'rishguncha (xayr)! - xo'p, ko'rishguncha ertagacha (xayr)! kechqurungacha (xayr)! - xayr, yaxshi qoling! - xayr, yaxshi boring! (xayr,) salomat bo'ling! alvido! (NX+ga mendan) salom ayting. hammaga mendan salom ayting/deb qo'ying. mening nomimdan barchaga salom ayting. oq yo'l! yo'lingiz oq bo'lsin. yo'lingiz / safaringiz bexatar bo'lsin! (menga // bizga xat) yozib turing. (menga // bizga) telefon/qo'ng'iroq qilib turing. meni // bizni esdan chiqarmang. xabarlashib turaylik. goodbye!, bye-bye! OK, see you! goodbye now! good night! good night, have a pleasant evening! - see you soon! - OK, see you soon! see you soon! - see you!, see you again! - OK, see you soon! see you tomorrow! see you tonight! - good bye, stay well! (when parting) - good bye, go in peace! (when staying) (good bye,) may you be well! (when parting) farewell! give (X) my best regards. give everyone my best regards. give everyone my best regards. good journey! have a good / pleasant journey. have a safe / good journey/trip! write letters to me // us. phone me // us. don't forget me // us. keep in touch.

315

Introductions
kelinglar tanishamiz. mening ismim NX. o'zimni tanishtirsam maylimi? sizga o'zimni tanishtirsam. mening ismim NX. NX+imni tanishtirsam maylimi? sizni NX+ga tanishtirib qo'ysam maylimi? iltimos, meni NX bilan tanishtiring. NX bilan tanishing. NX, bu NY. mana NX. (siz bilan) tanishganimdan xursandman. sizni uchratganimdan xursandman. men siz haqingizga ko'p eshitgandim. avval ko'rishgan edik. avval ko'rishmaganmidik? mening ismim NX. mening familiyam NX. - ismingiz nima? - ismim NX. siz kimsiz? let's get acquainted. my name is X. may I introduce myself? may I introduce myself ? I am X. may I introduce my X? may I introduce you to X? please introduce me to X. meet X. X(=name, title), this is Y(=name, title). here is my X. I'm pleased to meet you., glad to meet you. very pleased to meet you. I have heard a lot about you. we have met before. have not we met before? my name is X. my last name is X. - what is your name? - my name is X. who are you?

316

Invitations
marhamat, CX(+ing, polite imperative) marhamat keling // o'tiring // oling. menikiga // biznikiga keling. mehmon bo'ling. qani, keling, keling! (marhamat) kiring. / kiravering. - xush kelibsiz! - xushvaqt bo'ling! marhamat, o'tiring. dasturxonga marhamat. choy iching! osh bo'lsin! ishtahangiz yaxshi bo'lsin! yoqimli ishtaha! oshga qarang / oshdan oling! olinglar! boshqa // hech narsa kerak emas, rahmat. endi ketishim kerak. turadigan vaqtim keldi. to'ylarga kelaylik. yana keling! kelib turing. tez-tez kelib turinglar! sizga/siz uchun hamma vaqt eshigim(iz) ochiq. eshigimiz doimo ochiq! men sizni NX+ga taklif qilmoqchiman. sizni biznikiga // NX+ga taklif qilsam maylimi? bugun oqshom siz biz bilan birga bo'la olmaysizmi? men bilan ketishni istaysizmi? bir aylanib kelmaymizmi? balki birga ovqatlanamiz? kinoga borishga qalaysiz? yuring raqsga tushamiz. taklifingizni jonim bilan qabul qilaman. afsuski, taklifingizni qabul qila olmayman. bo'shmisiz? (NX)bo'sh vaqtingiz bormi? please, X (offering X) please come // sit down // take some. come and see me // us. be our guest. come in, come in! (please) come in. - welcome! - (answer to welcome) please take a seat. come and eat! have a cup of tea! good appetite! good appetite! good appetite! help yourself! help yourself!, bon appetit! no more // nothing else, thank you. I must go now. I must go now. (if sitting) let us go to the feasts. (guest to his host, on parting) please come again! (to guest parting) come again. come again and again! you are always welcome. our door is always open for you! I'd like to invite you to X. may I invite you to visit us // to X? couldn't you spend this evening with us? would you like to go with me? shall we go for a walk? maybe we can get something to eat together? how about going to the movies? shall we dance? I accept your invitation with great pleasure. unfortunately, I can' accept your invitation. are you free? have you got some spare time (on X)?

317

(nima) xizmat?

what can I do for you?

318

Requests
iltimos, CX(+ing, polite imperative) sizga/sizdan (bir) iltimosim bor. bir narsani iltimos qilsam bo'ladimi? marhamat qilib CX(+ing/sangiz, polite imperative) marhamat qilib, aytingchi... marhamat qilib, NX+ni uzating // ko'rsating. CX+sam maylimi? (VX+ishim) mumkinmi? (VX+ishga) ruxsat eting. ruxsatmi? ruxsatingiz bilan. ijozat bering. sizga malol kelmasa, CX please (asking for X) I have a request to make. may I ask you for something? please X. (asking for X) please tell me... please pass me // show me X. may I X?, can I X? may I (X)? give me permission (to X). may I?, do you mind? with your permission. with your permission. will it bother you if X?, do you mind if X?

319

Apologies
kechirasiz / (meni) kechiring! iltimos, meni kechiring. men sizdan kechirim so'rayman. uzr! uzr, kechirasiz! - VX+ganim uchun uzr (so'rayman). - uzr so'rashning hojati yo'q. (iltimos,) VX+ganim uchun kechiring. (VX+ganim uchun) avf etasiz / eting! afsus qilaman. xafa bo'lmang! jahlingiz chiqmasin. - xafa qilmoqchi emas edim. - men xafa bo'lganim yo'q. bu mening aybim / xatom. zarari yo'q. hechqisi yo'q. hech gap yo'q. hech nima qilmaydi. ahamiyat bermang. buning ahamiyati yo'q. bu muhim narsa. excuse me! please, forgive me., excuse me, please. I beg your pardon. I apologize! I am sorry! - I apologize for Xing. - you do not need to apologize. I apologize for Xing., excuse me for Xing. I apologize (for Xing). I am sorry! sorry!, don't take offence. don't be angry. - I did not mean to upset you. - no offence taken. It is my fault. no harm done. that's all right, never mind, it's nothing. nothing much, never mind, no problem. it doesn't matter. never mind. it's of no importance. it's important.

320

Agreement and Disagreement

ha! yo'q! (ha,) albatta. shubhasiz. (ha,) shunday. men ham shunday deb o'ylayman. siz haqsiz. ehtimol. mana. // ana. ha, marhamat. mana, marhamat. ha, albatta. xo'p! xo'p bo'ladi! bo'pti! mayli! xayr! ma'qul! kelishdik. - CX? - marhamat! jonim bilan! bajonidil! arzimaydi. gap yo'q. men roziman. men ham shuning tarafdoriman. (men // biz) qarshi emasman//miz. labbay! ko'ramiz. o'ylab ko'raman. so'z berolmayman. albatta yo'q. / yo'q, albatta. bunday emas. siz nohaqsiz. / siz haq emassiz. yes! no! (yes,) certainly. no doubt., undoubtedly. yes, this is the case., certainly. I think so, too. you are right. maybe. here you are. // there. yes, here you are. here please (giving an object asked for) yes, certainly! OK! OK!, agreed!, right! all right!, well! all right!, OK! agreed!, well! agreed!, very fine! agreed., deal. - X(=request)? - please! (offering) with pleasure!, willingly! with pleasure! you're welcome. sure. I do agree. I am all for it. (I // we have) no objections. yes!, at your service! (when called by someone) we will see. I will think about it. I can not promise. sure not., certainly not. I don't think so. you are wrong.

321

sizga qo'shila olmayman. (sizning) fikringizga qo'shilmayman. hech ham shunday emas. yanglishasiz. hech-da meniki to'g'ri. yo'q, rahmat. yo'q // afsuski, qila olmayman. qo'limdan kelmaydi. rad etaman. rad etishim kerak. afsuski, men buni rad etishga majburman. ilojim yo'q. yordam qila olmayman deb qo'rqaman. mayli-ya, lekin... ming bor uzr, lekin... men istamayman. hech-da. hech qachon! bu to'g'risida gap ham bo'lishi mumkin emas. menga ishonmangiz. kechirasiz, (men) bandman. ishim ko'p. vaqtim yo'q. mumkin emas. avf etasiz, mumkin emas. iloji yo'q. iloji bo'lmasa kerak.

I can't agree with you. I don't agree with you. it is not even close. you are mistaken. not at all. I am right. no thank you. no // unfortunately, I can't do it. I simply can't. I refuse. I must refuse. I am very sorry, but I must decline to do it. I am afraid I can't. I am afraid, I can not help. I'd like to, but ... I am awfully sorry, but ... I don't want that. by no means. never! it's out of question. do not count on me. sorry, I'm busy. I've got things to do. I've no time (for it). not allowed. I am sorry, it is not allowed. no way. there is no way.

322

Thanks
(sizga) (katta) rahmat! NX+ingiz uchun sizga rahmat. arzimaydi. (NX uchun) (sizga) tashakkur (aytaman). N(gan)X+ingizdan minnatdorman. NX+ingiz uchun (chin ko'nglidan) minnatdorman. sizdan cheksiz minnatdorman. bo'ldi, bo'ldi! thank you (very much) (to you)! thank you for your X. you're welcome. (don't mention it) I'm grateful (for X). I'm very grateful (for your X). I'm very grateful (for X). I'm extremely grateful to you. that's fine!, that's enough!

323

Congratulations and Wishes

yaxshi! juda soz! a'lo! ajoyib! bu juda ajoyib! zo'r! juda ham zo'r ekan! barakalla! (sizga) balli! yashang! juda xursandman! xudoga shukur! eh!, CX! ura! afsus! afsus(ki), CX. hayhot! attang! shayton ursin! qurg'ur! juda yomon bo'libdi! e xudo! qanday ko'ngilsizlik! qanday ko'ngilsiz voqea! juda xafaman. biz juda ham qayg'urdik. sizga hamdardlik bildiraman. biz hamdarlik izhor etmoqchimiz. sizga juda achinaman. biz juda ham achindik. sog' bo'ling! sog'ligingiz uchun! / sizning sog'ligingizga! (sizga men) baxt tilayman. - (sizga men) omad tilayman. - men ham sizga omad tilayman. sizga omad! omad yor bo'lsin! omadingizni bersin! (sizga men) muvaffaqiyat tilayman. sizga ham. very well!, right!, good! very well!, great! very well!, great! great!, wonderful!, excellent! that's wonderful! super!, cool! great!, super! bravo! bravo! well done!, bravo! I'm very happy! thanks to God! (satisfaction, happiness) hurrah! what a pity! / that's a pity what a pity that X. alas! what a pity!, what a shame!, darn it! damn it!, darn it! damn it!, darn it! (light) too bad! my God! what a nuisance! how unpleasant. I am very sorry. we are most distressed. please accept all my condolences. we wish to express our condolences. I sympathize with you. we are deeply grieved. be in good health! (here's to your) good health! I wish you happiness, good fortune. - (I wish you) good luck. - I also wish you good luck. good luck! good luck! good luck! I wish you every success. the same to you.

324

yangi yil(ingiz) bilan. yangi yilingiz qutlug' bolsin. mening eng yaxshi tilaklarim. NX muborak bo'lsin. yordam bersin. xudo xohlasa xudo saqlasin! xudo sizga baraka bersin! xudo shifosini bersin. yashasin NX! yo'qolsin NX! men//biz sizni tabriklayman//miz. bayram bilan (tabriklayman//miz). tug'ilgan kun(ingiz) bilan (tabriklayman//miz). yutuq bilan (tabriklayman//miz). qulluq!

happy new year. a happy new year. my best wishes. God bless X, best wishes for X. God help us. if God wills bless you! God bless you! best wishes for a speedy recovery. long live X! down with X! I//we congratulate you. I//we greet you on the occasion of the festival. happy birthday. congratulations (on your lucky win). thank you! (in response to congratulations)

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Phone Conversation
allo, labbay. ha? eshitaman. NX eshitadi. NX gapiryapti. allo, bu NXmi? ha, bu menman. bizda bunday odam yo'q. kechirasiz, nomerni noto'g'ri teribsiz. qaysi nomerga qo'ng'iroq qilyapsiz? siz qaysi raqamni chaqiryapsiz? trubkani qo'ymay turing. NX, sizni so'rashyapti. telefonda sizni so'rashyapti. nima deb qo'yay? (liniya) band. uzildi. bizni uzib qo'yishdi. men qaytadan qo'ng'iroq qilaman. hello. yes? listening. X (=oneself's name) is listening. X (=oneself's name) is speaking. hello, is that X (=(title and) name of person looked for)? yes, it's me. sorry, no one by that name here. sorry, wrong number. what number were you calling? what number are you calling? hold on, please. X (=(title and) name of person looked for), it's for you. you've got a phone call. may I take a message? it's busy. I've been cut off. we've got disconnected. I'll call back.

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Miscellaneous
nima bo'ldi? sizga nima bo'ldi? xo'sh, nima gap? sizga nima kerak? men qilmadim. hech nimani payqamadim. bo'lishi mumkin emas! - rostmi? - rost! rostdanmi? chinmi ? / chin so'zmi? xudo haqi! iye!, CX! oho!, CX! taajjub! bu qiziq! ana yangilik! axir, CX! uf! / uh! ajab bo'pti! qo'ysangiz-chi! bas (qiling)! bo'ldi yetar! siz bunday demang! bu qanday gap? seni nima jin urdi? mazasi yo'q. behuda gap! safsata! yaxshi uxlab turing! - hormang! - bor bo'ling! uyalmang! g'am yemang! muammo yo'q! diqqat! ehtiyot bo'ling! what happened?, what is the matter? what happened to you?, what's the matter with you? what's up?, what's the matter? what do you want? I didn't do it. I didn't realize anything was wrong. it is impossible! / that is not possible. - really? - really! is that so?, really? honest? for Heaven's sake! (pleading) oh!, X! (astonishment), is that so? (astonishment) very surprising! that's odd!, that's funny! that's something new! at last, X!, well then, X!, so, X! phew!, whew! serves him/you right! come on!, stop that! that's enough!, stop! that's enough! you don't say so!, how dare you say such things! what does that mean? what's up with you? no interest at all., worthless. nonsense! nonsense! have a good sleep! - do not tire! (to those working) - (in response) don't mind, feel free! don't worry! no problem! attention! / look out! attention! / danger! / be careful!

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xavf-xatar! / xavfli! voy! yordamga! menga yordam kerak. menga yordam bering! menga yordam bermaysizmi? dod! o't tushdi! o'g'ri! o'sha odamni to'xtating! to'xtab turing. biroz kutib turing. bir minut! iltimos ozgina sabr qiling. shoshmang, shoshmang! shoshilmang. tez (bo'ling)! hali vaqtli. kech bo'ldi. unutma! quloq soling! to'xtang! qimirlamang! men bilan yuring! uzoq turing! keting! yo'qoling! / yo'qol ko'zimdan! yo'l bo'lsin? men adashib qoldim. jim! iltimos, tinchlik saqlang! ovozingni o'chir! o'ch! meni bezovta qilmang! ahmoq! pastkash! bu mumkin emas. kirish mumkin emas! o'tish man etiladi. tamaki chekilmasin

danger! ouch! (pain), oh!, oh dear! (surprise, fear) help! I have a problem. help me! would you please help me? help! fire! stop thief! stop that man! just a moment. wait a moment please. just a minute! please wait a while. just a moment, there's no urgency. take your time. hurry up! it is early it is (too) late. don't forget! listen! stop! don't move! come with me! stand back! go away! bugger off! where are you going? I am lost. silence!, no talking! quiet, please! shut up! shut up! don't bother me! stupid fool! bastard! it is forbidden no entrance!, no admittance! no trespassing. no smoking

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qo'l tegizmang! NX(+ingiz) // kilosi // necha pul (turadi)? muncha qimmat? qimmat-qu! men sizga necha pul qarzman? men sizdan qancha qarzman? iltimos, hisobni bering / qiling. hisob qilasizmi? adashmadingizmi? baraka toping! NX+cha bilasizmi / gapirasizmi? ozgina NX bilaman. mening NX+cham uncha yaxshi emas. - siz meni tushunyapsizmi? - men sizni tushunmayapman. iltimos, qaytara olmaysizmi? bu so'z // CX degani nima degani? buning ma'nosi nima? bu NX+chada qanday ataladi / aytiladi?

don't touch! how much is (your) NX // for a kilo? is it that expensive? it is too expensive! how much do I owe you? how much do I owe you? the bill please. may I have the bill? is it correct? settled!, well done! (when bargaining) do you speak NX? I speak a little NX. my NX is poor. - do you understand me? - I do not understand you. can you repeat that, please? what does this word // CX mean? what does it mean? what is this called in NX?

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Proper Names
Places and Peoples
O'ZBEK o'zbekchilik o'zbekcha O'zbekiston o'zbekistonlik QORAQALPOQ Qoraqalpoqiston TOJIK Tojikiston QOZOQ Qozog'iston QIRG'IZ Qirg'iziston TURKMAN Turkmaniston UYG'UR Turkiston SART QIPCHOQ LO'LI AFG'ON afg'oni Afg'oniston ERON eronlik eroniy FORS forsiy forscha POKISTON pokistonlik HIND hindi hindcha Hindiston TURK turkiy turkcha Turkiya ARAB arabiy arabcha Arabiston MISR misrlik misriy n, adj o'zbek tili n adv, n n n n n n, adj n n, adj n n, adj n n, adj n n, adj n n n n n, adj adj n n n adj n, adj adj n n n n n, adj n n n adj n n n adj n n n n adj Uzbek Uzbek (language) Uzbekity, the Uzbek way Uzbek (language) Uzbekistan Uzbekistanese Karakalpak Karakalpakistan Tajik Tajikistan Kazakh Kazakhstan Kirghiz Kirghizstan Turkmen Turkmenistan Uighur Turkistan Sart Kipchak Gipsy Afghan Afghan Afghanistan Iran Iranian Iranian Persian Persian Persian (language) Pakistan Pakistanese India Indian Hindi India Turk Turkish Turkish (language) Turkey Arab Arabic Arabic (language) Arabia Egypt Egyptian Egyptian

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RUS ruscha ROSSIYA O'RUS o'ruscha TATAR Tatariston BOSHQIRD Boshqirdston OZARBAYJON ozarbayjonlik ARMAN Armaniston GRUZIN GRUZIYA DOG'ISTON UKRANI UKRAINA

n, adj rus tili adv, n n n, adj n n, adj n n, adj n n n n, adj n n, adj n n n, adj n Sovet Ittifoqi Mustaqil Davlatlar Hamdo'stligi (MDH)

Russian Russian (language) Russian (language) Russia Russian Russian (language) Tatar Tataristan Bashkir Bashkirstan Azerbaidjan Azerbaidjanese Armenian Armenia Georgian Georgia Daghestan Ukrainian Ukraine Soviet Union Commonwealth of Independent States German German (language) Germany Dutch Holland, the Netherlands Dutch French French (language) France English Englishman English (language) England Bristish Great Britain Italy Italian Spanish Spanish (language) Spain America American United States of America (USA) Canada Canadian Australia Australian Mongol Mongolia Mongol

NEMIS nemischa GERMANIYA GOLLAND Gollanda gollandalik FRANSUZ fransuzcha FRANSIYA INGLIZ inglizcha ANGLIYA BRITANIYALIK ITALIYA ITALYAN ISPAN ispancha ISPANIYA AMERIKA amerikalik

n, adj adv, n n n, adj n n n, adj adv, n n n, adj adv, n n n, adj Buyuk Britaniya n n, adj n, adj adv, n n n n, adj Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari (AQSh) n n, adj n n, adj n, adj n n, adj

KANADA kanadalik AVSTRALIYA avstraliyalik MONGOL Mongoliya MO'G'UL

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DUNGON XITOY xitoylik xitoyi xitoycha YAPON yaponcha Yaponiya KOREYA koreyalik KOREYS OSIYO osiyolik

n, adj n n adj n n, adj n n n n adj n n Markaziy Osiyo O'rta Osiyo n n n n n n Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti (BMT) Qizil Oy Qizil Xoch

Dungan China Chinese Chinese Chinese (language) Japanese Japanese (language) Japan Korea Korean Korean Asia Asian Central Asia Central Asia Europe European Europe European Africa African United Nations (UNO) Red Crescent Red Cross Khorezm Ferghana Pamir Siberia Tashkent Samarkand Bukhara Andijan Margilan Kokand Jizzakh Navvoy Namangan Gulistan Termiz Urgench Khiva Karshi Nukus

OVRUPA ovrupalik YEVROPA yevropalik AFRIKA afrikalik

XORAZM FARG'ONA POMIR SIBIR TOSHKENT SAMARQAND BUXORO ANDIJON MARG'ILON QO'QON JIZZAX NAVVOY NAMANGAN GULISTON TERMIZ URGANCH XIVA QARSHI NUKUS

n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

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DUSHANBE XO'JAND OLMAOTA BISHKEK O'SH QASHQAR ASHXOBOD QOBIL HIROT BOKU QOZON MAKKA MADINA QUDDUS TEHRON ISFAHON BAG'DOD DAMASHQ ISTANBUL QOHIRA MOSKVA LONDON PARIJ RIM VASHINGTON NYU-YORK TOKIO PEKIN AMUDARYO SIRDARYO JAYJUN ZARAFSHON SURXONDARYO MURG'OB QASHQADARYO

n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n qora dengiz orol dengizi

Dushanbe Khojand Alma Ata Bishkek Osh Kashgar Ashkhabad Kabul Herat Baku Kazan Mecca Medina Jerusalem Teheran Ispahan Baghdad Damascus Istanbul Cairo Moscow London Paris Roma Washington New-York Tokyo Beijing Amu Darya (river) Sir Darya (river) Amu Darya river (former noun) Zarafshan (river) Surkhan Darya (river) Murgab (river) Kashkha Darya (river) Black Sea Aral Sea Issyq kol (lake)

ISSIQKO'L

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Atlantika Okeani Hind Okeani Tinch Okean ust-yurt QIZILQUM QORAQUM n n Tyanshan tog'(lar)i HISOR Hisor tog'(lar)i Oloy tog'(lar)i

the Atlantic Ocean the Indian Ocean the Pacific Ocean Ust-Yurt desert Kyzylkum Karakum Tian-Shan mountain(s) Hisar mountain(s) Alay mountain(s)

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