r A new semester has your .

Chinese level advances, the

you study in this book will become more interesting.
As you follow Lin Na lesson, you will learn how to describe
the places you have visited, on your travel experiences, as
wel1 as how to change money bank before your departure. Y ou wll even


I

, / _ V

- / / / /, / ,
_ _ _ v ,

/ / V V " '11 -

- /

" / - - /


Changing money
at the bank

,/ ,/_ v" , v v_ ,/_ _ ,/ V- v- V

v _ ,/ V V

v ,/ _,/ v

_

v

_vv ,/ V

_vv v ,/ v v- ,/" v , v , "

V vvvv , _-v ,/ VVV"" , _V


V v ,/ v- -v- v , ,/,/, vv v

A early


few; little
N ynhng
A
vo pidu
VNV
to fonn a line; to queue up

pi
du
hun
to put in order
a row of people; line
to exchange; to

pound

N yngbng
N rnmnb
rnmn



12.


V
Renminbi (R.\IB)
people
to need; must; to have to
yong

to use

just; only a short while ago

from
extremely; highly

Adv gng
n

,
G
qvh nC

rELr+1

W
TZ-rt
PA
M
V
N
Ct (measure word for actions)

cngun to visit (a place)

bngmyng (ceremonal clay statues of warriors
- 3 -

and horses which are buried with the
dead)
soldier; fighter


N xln letter
V gOI to be 8th.

gngzu rnyun working personnel; staff
N rnyun
Nu qin
V sh
PN WngfjTng



personnel ; staff
thousand

(name of a famous commercial
district in Beijing)
(name of the Province)

" " -

"""

-
-

"
-


-4-
- / , , , " _ /




""




_,,,, " ,

"" /_/_-- ""/,

,,/

, -

/

Words
IE
IE

v
A
N
N

AAA
V

haven't seen (sb.) for a time
a time

fzhn to develop
kui
hu
pOtnghu
ninqng
qlng
lil
dng
Adv JIO
fast; quick; rapid

dialect ; language

the common speech

young
light; small
fluent

to understand

precisely


Supplementary W ords
N U. S. dollar
N Euro
N jloyuon Canadian dollar
4. M yun Chinese kuai)
N yzhuxu x Department of Asian Studies
V hul exchange rate
N xinjn cash
N xnyngk credit card
- 6 -
chngsh Clty
dHang place
rzi son
N COI food; a dish
Notes

"You just came back to Beijing from Xi'an".
forms a prepositional phrase that precedes the verb, indicating the
starting point of an action.
The object of the preposition usualh or a phra5e denoting
location or time (see Lesson 16). For


In order to function as the object of
denote location must be followed by
a noun or a pronoun that doesn't
or , thus completing the
prepositional phrase which modifies the verb. For example:




"The food (1 had) was passable."
is used as an adjective here, meaning "good, not bad".
"passable;just so-so".For example:



"Look, it's your turn now-"
means "it's somebody's turn (to do something)". For example:
-


"Good morning , Lin N a. "
is another expression commonly employed by Chinese people as a
greeting. It is usually used to say hello to someone in the morning. The common
reply to it is also " For example:



"1 know how to say 1 don't understand.'"
In the Shanghai dialect , the expression don't understand- ,,
In this dialect , can be pronounced [A?lA J) , whereas is
([ Vg? J).

"This means 1 don't understand' in the Shanghai dialect."
( 1) has the function of emphasis. It is used to either confirm a fact , or
stress that "this is exactly what the fact is". For example:


| Drills and Practice


....





KEY SENTENCES








,

.

.
.

.

.

-










(3

7






-
























































Complete and answer the following questions with your classmates
(1)
A: B:
A:
A:
? B
7 B.
(2)
A:
A:
A:
7 B
7 B
7 B
(3)
?
A:
A:
?
A:
?
exercises
helloJ
(1)


(2)





B:

-11-
that something has happenedJ
(1)


(2)



on one's actionsJ
(1)

(2)









(3)
RU
-12-

money at the hankJ

(1)

(2)


place one has visitedJ





B:

-13 -
Descrihe the pictures







practice
Y ou went to the bank to exchange money , but after talking to the teller , you
noticed that the exchange rate was not Therefore , you decided to

I
J


E

change the money lateL

After visiting different places , you and your friend are asking about each other's
travel experiences.
(2)
Y ou are discussing language studies with your Chinese friend. Y ou hope that
he/ she will make some comments on the various aspects of your spoken Chinese ,
(3 )
and character-writing. grammar ,
Comprehension and Paraphrasing














l Grammar
The complement of
In Chinese , a verb or an adjective is frequently followed by an element provid-
ing further detail or explanation. This is called the complement. Among the various
forms of complements , the one that describes or comments on the achieved state of
an action is called the complement of state. It is usually formed by an adjective or
an adjectival phrase. The structural particle must be placed between the verb
and the complement of state. To create the negative form, should be put before
the complement of state.
v + + Adv + A

The V / A-not-V / A question form is constructed by juxtaposing the affirmative
form of the complement with its negative form.
V
+ A
+





g


In this kind of sentence, if there is an object following the verb, the verb needs to
be reduplicated and then placed after the object, but before . The first verb is
often omitted.
-
(V) + 0 + V Adv + A
Predicate
Subject

(V) V A
Particle

Notes.
( 1) A complement formed by an adjective is usually preceded by . This s
similar to the case in which the adjectve is used as a predicate. For
example:
( 2) The focus of a sentence containing a complement of is on the
complement. Therefore , question form and related answer form
made from variations on the complement. Its negative form is made by
complement rather than by placing before the verb. Hence , it s
say 0[1]
( 3) In this knd of sentence , the elliptical form can be used to a.nswer a
tion. For example:
Question

Answer



Confuming
the completion or rea1ization of 80mething
In Lesson 13 , we leamed that the follow a verb to denote
the completion' or realization of an action. In this lesson , we see that
always appears at the end of a sentence. It emphatically confirms the completion or
realization of some event or situation. Compare the sentences in groups A and B:
. [1] Incorrect sentences are marked by (9 in this book.
-16-
A

B

Where are you going?
r
o
nr-
n e e?-
LUO
phu
u ou vuO
vd
e vju

epu

Eh-n ww

1 am going to the shopping mall. I've been to the shopping mall. Or
1 went to the shopping mall.

What are you going to buy?
r
o
or &EL
En
RD

bmu.
'b
u mvu

Vd
e wd
hvm

aa
'hIn ww

I've bought some clothes. Or
1 bought some c lothes.
In group A , are not completed actions in the past.
In group B, however , these two actions are definitely completed or realized.
To negate a sentence with the particle place the adverb
rather than before the verb , and omit from the end of the sentence.
To form question , juxtapose the affirmative form of the verb with its
negative ( add to the end of an affirmative sentence.
1 am going to buy some clothes.
V + 0
Predicate
Subject
Adv V Pt

'





(l) When present , the particle that actons or. events
have taken place in the not tme that always
required to express past events. To eYent (especially several events
taking place consecutively) or to a sceIle. at a specific moment , without

confirming the realization of the action, we can leave out

(2) If simultaneollsly follows the verb and stands at the end of
sentence , it then performs both functions mentioned above. For example:



expresses the completion and realization
of the action and the completion or
realization of some event or stuation.
verb
In Chinese , verbs can be reduplicated. The form for reduplicated monosyllabic
verbs is "AA" or "A-A". However , the form for reduplicated bisyllabic verbs is
" ABAB" , and cannot be added between the two syllables of bisyllabic verbs.
For etc.
Reduplicating a verb has the function of implying a short duration for that action or
the idea of giving something a In this sense , it is similar to adding to
the verb.
4. for numbe1'8 from
101 102 109 110
111 112 119 120
191 192 199 200
201 202 210
991 992 999


-
Chinese Characters
(1)
When constructing Chinese characters , certain rules are followed in the
combination of sound , structure and meaning. Though the forms of modern characters
are frequently from these ancient ones , Chinese characters still
maintain the characteristics of a logographic writing system. Therefore , understanding
the process by which Chinese characters are formed will facilitate learning them.
Pictographic method : This method of construction depicts either the
whole image or the partial characteristic of an object. It is the original method of
forming characters.
a. Depicting the whole image of the object. For example:


b. Depicting a characteristic of the object. For example:

c. Depicting both the object and other associated things. For example:

In antiquity , these single-component characters , which we have already learned ,
were originally pictographic. Nowadays , they are no longer but are
similar to codes. However , when they are used as the basic components for multi-
component characters , the fact that they maintain either their original sounds or
meanings certainly helps our understanding of the latter.
and write basic Chinese characters


the people 5 strokes


b currency 4 strokes

qlon thousand 3 strokes

JIU long 3 strokes

hun abundant 7 strokes

--'
..
qlu mound, hillock 5 strokes


yng road; path 7 strokes

Y Asia 6 strokes

ch vehicle 4 strokes


zhng heavy 9 strokes
(11


you especially 4 strokes
and write the Chinese characters appearing
in the texts

6 strokes
(2) ynhng
11 strokes



11 strokes
4 strokes

10 strokes
....
r (pngztu) I ,-
6 strokes

15 strokes

4 strokes

6 strokes

oTF

strokes


S

strokes
(11 rnyun
strokes

strokes
(13






-22-
10 strokes
12 strokes
10 strokes

9 strokes
(On the left side of a character, the fourth stroke of is wriUen as








IJ
7 strokes
+
10 strokes
+
7 strokes
+ -+1- 15 strokes

12 strokes
l Cultural N otes
Xi' an and the Ancient Chinese Capitals
Xi'an is a renowned ancient Chinese capital. Back in the 11th
King W u of the Westem Zhou Dynasty established his capital , named Haojing ,
where Xi'an is .currently located. After that , the Qin Dynasty ( 221 BC-206 BC) ,
the Westem Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 the Sui Dynasty (581 AD-618 AD) ,
and the Tang Dynasty (618 AD-907 AD) , all had their capital cities at Xi'an.
Xi'an was the capital city of Chinese civilization for over one thousand years of its
five-thousand-year history. In antiquity , Xi'an was called Chang'an. In the year
-23-
1369 , its name was changed to Xi' an , and has remained the same to the present
day. Now the modem city of Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province.
Nanjing is another ancient Chinese capital. The Kingdom of Wu during the
Three Kingdoms' Period (229 AD-277 AD) and the Eastem Jin Dynasty (317
AD-420 AD) all established their capitals in this city. After the outbreak of the
1911 Revolution , Dr. Sun Yat-sen took office as the acting president in Nanjing.
From 1927 to 1949 , Nanjing performed the role of capital city of the Nationality
govemment of China. Now it is the capital of Jiangsu Province.
Beijing was the capital city of the Jin Y uan , Ming , and Qing Dynasties
for a period of more than eight hundred years. After 1949 , it became the capital
city of the People's Republic of China.
In addition , Luoyang , Kaifeng , and Hangzhou are among what are called the
six major ancient Chinese capitals.
2 4 -