Performance characteristics of a Pelton Turbine

AIM: Performance characteristics (output and efficiency variation with speed) for different openings of the nozzle at a constant input head. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP: Experimental set-up consists of Pelton turbine, inlet pressure gauge, centrifugal pump, tachometer, calibrated orificemeter connected to mercury manometer, bra e drum dynamometer with rope and mass loading arrangement. THE R! Pelton turbine is a high head impulse turbine. !t is used for high head and low flow rate applications. "ingle #et Pelton turbines are built for specific speeds less than $%. &he input pressure head is converted into high velocity #et by means of a nozzle. &he #et impinges on the double cupped buc ets mounted around the periphery of the runner disc, ma ing the runner to rotate. &he flow through the runner is at atmospheric pressure. 'ence, the turbines are called constant pressure turbines. EXPERIMENTAL PR "E#URE (eep the spear rod full open position of the nozzle and ad#ust the inlet pressure P (at ).* gf+cm ) or )*.% m of water column indicated by a ,ourdan tube pressure gauge) by operating the bypass line valve. -ote down the reading of the mercury manometer connected to calibrated orificemeter from which determine volume flow rate through the nozzle ./0 using the supplied calibration chart. (eep on loading the Pelton turbine by adding masses from ) g upto $1 g (or until the Pelton wheel stops) in steps of ) g. 2t each loading, note down the rotational speed (rpm) of the turbine using a tachometer. 3epeat the procedure for half opening of the nozzle, eeping each time supply head constant at ).* gf+cm). bser$ation Table 4ensity of water 5 6 5 7111 g+m$ ,ra e drum diameter 5 4 51 .8% m 3ope diameter 5 d 5 1.1)1m 9ass of hanger 5 ) g 2cceleration due to gravity g 5 :.*7 m+s)

;alibration curve of the orifice plate

bser$ation Table % &ull' o(en No))le (osition of Pelton Turbine

"PE;!9E- ;2<;=<2&!>!nput power 5 6 g / ' &or?ue & 5 (9-") g x (4@d)+) >utput power 5 Efficiency 5 *RAPHS T +E PL TTE#:

Araph 7B C-axis is "peedD E-axis is output power and efficiency for fully open nozzle position. ,ui): 7) Fhat is Pelton &urbineG