Energy efficiency- measure of the useful energy.

Energy efficient appliance- converts energy with small amount of heat and returned as energy

2nd Law of Thermodynamics- quality of energy deteriorates gradually over time Entropy- measure of randomness or disorder in a system; measure of usable energy within closed/isolated system

Input- matter/energy entering Throughput- flow of components within system Output- all components leaving system Measure of efficiency- % efficiency = (output input) x 100 (watts or joules) feedback loop-circular process Negative feedback: reverses the direction of the flow. Positive feedback: changes the rate of the throughput, but not the direction. Positive feedback is BAD Negative feedback is GOOD High throughput economy- high output Energy output is low quality Low Throughput economy- balance of input and output Calculating efficiency- calculate base on % efficiency formula Devices wasting large amounts of energy- incandescent light bulb, internal combustion engine, nuclear power plant, and coal-burning power plant

Industry can save $ by producing heat and electricity from one source Fuel-efficient vehicles powered by fuel cell- runs on hydrogen gas

Living roofs- roofs covered with vegetation 1/3 heated air escapes through windows/cracks/holes Low-priced fossil fuels, tax breaks help stop promotion of energy waste Renewable energy to provide heat and electricity- direct solar, moving water, wind, geothermal

Costa Rica gets 92% of energy from renewable sources Passive solar heating system- absorbs and heats without pumps Cooling houses naturally- Superinsulating them, Taking advantages of breezes, Shading them , Having light colored or green roofs, Using geothermal cooling.

Wind power is the worlds most promising energy resource because it is abundant, inexhaustible, widely distributed, cheap, clean, and emits no greenhouse gases Wind turbines can be used individually to produce electricity