Article Summary 2 Outline

Name: Bryant Forman Presentation Date: April 30, 2014

Find an article relating to biological anthropology from a scientific peer-reviewed journal and complete the first (Original source) and second (Reflection) parts of the outline. Find a second source related to your first and complete the third part of the outline (Related source). This may be a popular review of the original source. Limited responses will not receive full credit. More detailed instructions and links to resources are posted in Canvas. This outline should be completed and turned in on the day you present to the class and it will be used for grading the assignment. Additionally, submit the summary portions only in Canvas. No late work will be accepted.

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1. Original source: a. Title: Scientists Find Evidence for Mass Extinction of Bees 65 Million Years Ago b. Author(s): Enrico de Lazaro c. Authors credentials: Source (complete reference): Enrico de Lazaro, Scientists Find Evidence for Mass Extinction of Bees 65 Million Years Ago(sci-news.com) Bibliographic information: Rehan SM et al. 2013. First Evidence for a Massive Extinction Event Affecting Bees Close to the K-T Boundary. PLoS ONE 8 (10): e76683; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076683 Summary (note that the summary length should be commensurate with the article length and should be in narrative (paragraph) format and that an in-text citation is required). This summary should identify the research topic, hypothesis, methods, results, and conclusion: The Prehistoric Extinction of the Bee Over the last couple of years it seems like every couple of months or so you here about how the bees are disappearing. Leaving many scientists to wonder what is happening to them? Are they disappearing because of the pesticides that are being used or is there something else and has it happened before? For many Researchers the answer to that question is yes. And that it happened at the end of the Cretaceous and the beginning of the Paleogene eras during an event that wiped out the dinosaurs the K-T event (scinews.com) According to Michael Schwarz from Flinders University of South Australia in Adelaide since bees fossilize very poorly their presence in the fossil record is very patchy is one of the authors of a study that is published in the open-access journal PLOS ONE (plosone.org, sci-news.com).

The presence of bees it the fossil record is barely present up until 45 million years ago but thanks to a concentration of fossilized bees that were trapped in amber. The fossil record does however indicate that there was a disruption in the evolution of flowering plants that is consistent with the k-t event (sci-news.com). Since the fossil evidence of bees is unreliable scientists have had to use other techniques like molecular phylogenetic to analysis fragments of bee genes to track genetic development. After examining the DNA of 230 spices in four tribes (Ceratinini, Allodapini, Manueliini and Xylocopini) from every continent except Antarctica for evolutionary relationships, they began to notice that there was a pattern within the bee group Xylocopini (carpenter bees) that coincided with the mass extinction event. According to the lead author Sandra Rehan the data told us that something major was happening in all four tribes of carpenter bees at the same time and that it happened around the same time as the dinosaurs went extinct from the University of New Hampshire (sci-news.com). She then goes on to conclude that Understanding extinctions and the effects of declines in the past can help us understand the pollinator decline and the global crisis in pollinators today, (sci-news.com). 1 ____ 1 ____ 1 ____ 1 ____ 2 ____ d. Critical evaluation (what makes this source credible? Why should this information be believed?): e. Relevance to biological anthropology: f. Other disciplines touched upon: g. Synthesis i. In one sentence, summarize the main point of the article: the take-away message. 2. Reflection a. Which part of this assignment was most difficult and why? For me the most difficult part was the writing part because I feel that my vocabulary is holding me back and that I need to expand it to be a better writer. b. Identify at least one question you have after reading the original article and explain how you could go about finding an answer. If the bees went extinct then how is it that we still have bees and why do flowers still produce pollen then? c. Reflect on how the critical evaluation process impacted your opinion on the article. d. How might the information in the article be useful in the future? This might be answered very broadly such as how an understanding of larger biological principles might be useful.

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3. Related source a. Title: Ancient Bee Extinction Gives Clues to Current Decline b. Author(s): Nancy Schimelpfening c. Authors credentials: d. Complete reference: Nancy Schimelpfening, Ancient Bee Extinction Gives Clues to Current Decline 2013, (guardianlyv.com) e. Summary (note that the summary length should be commensurate with the article length and should be in narrative (paragraph) format and that an in-text citation is required): f. Critical evaluation (what makes this source credible? Why should this information be believed?): g. Relevance to chosen article