Title: Oct 28-9:31 AM (1 of 7)

Title: Oct 28-9:35 AM (2 of 7)

Title: Oct 28-9:44 AM (3 of 7)
 Stable VALENCE electron configurations

nucleus

Title: Oct 28-9:46 AM (4 of 7)

 Cations: become + by LOSING electrons [Metals mainly]

23 24 27
Na Mg Al
11 12 13

+ + +
n n
n

loses 1e- loses 2e- loses 3e-

overall charge +1 overall charge +2 overall charge +3

Na +1 Mg +2 +3
Al
*Each ion will lose enough electrons to take on the electron configuration of
the nearest noble gas

Title: Oct 26-8:19 AM (5 of 7)

 Anions: become - by GAINING electrons [Nonmetals]

14 16 19
N O F
7 8 9

+ + +
n n n

gains 3e- gains 2e- gains 1e-

overall charge -3 overall charge -2 overall charge -1
-3 -2 -1
N O F
*Each ion will lose enough electrons to take on the electron configuration of
the nearest noble gas

Title: Oct 26-8:20 AM (6 of 7)

 Cation / Anion practice problems
Directions: Determine the total # e's in the following?

1. Mg+2 11. How did the positive ions

(cations) achieve their new
2. C-4 charges? How about the anions?
3. H+1
4. H-1
5. B+3
12. Which species 1-10 contain
6. Cu+2 the greatest nuclear charge?
7. F-1
-2
8. S
9. Ne
-1
10. Br

Title: Oct 26-8:20 AM (7 of 7)