Plan depth of the building w = 16.00m Height of the building excluding pitched roof h = 12.00m Dead weight of AC sheets = 0.13KN/sqm Dead weight of purlins,fixtures and false roofing system = 0.45KN/sqm Span of the truss = 16.00m Height of the truss = 3.00m Spacing of trusses = 3.832m Live load on pitched roof (For pitched roof having slope 20.56 0 ) = 0.54KN/sqm Distance between the nodal points(purlin locations) on top rafter = 1.709m Wind coefficients upto 10m height :- k1 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life) = 1.00 k2 (assuming terrain category 2&Class of structure A ) = 1.00 k3 = 1.0 (topography factor) 1.00 Basic wind speed V b = 50.00m/sec Internal wind pressure coefficient C pi (Buildings with low permeability) = 0.20 Slope of the pitched roof in degrees = 20.56 Wind coefficients upto 15m height :- k1 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life) = 1.00 k2 (assuming terrain category 2&Class of structure A ) = 1.05 k3 = 1.0 (topography factor) 1.00 Basic wind speed V b = 50.00m/sec Internal wind pressure coefficient C pi (Buildings with low permeability 0.20 with openings less than 5%) = Slope of the pitched roof in degrees = 20.56 Over hang = 0.50m Analysis of Roof truss The plan and elevation of the shed are as shown below:- Load Calculations:- Dead Load of roof = 0.58KN/sqm Dead load/m run on rafter = 2.223KN/m Live Load = 0.54KN/sqm Live load/m run on rafter = 2.065KN/m Calculation of Wind Load:- Upto 10m height:- Assuming the building is situated in Vijayawada, the basic wind speed is = 50.00m/sec Design wind speed, V z = k 1 k 2 k 3 V b = 50.00m/sec Design wind pressure, P d = 0.6*Vz 2 = 1.50KN/sqm In between 10 to 15m height:- Assuming the building is situated in Vijayawada, the basic wind speed is = 50.00m/sec Design wind speed, V z = k 1 k 2 k 3 V b = 52.50m/sec Design wind pressure, P d = 0.6*Vz 2 = 1.65KN/sqm For simplicity adopt uniform wind pressure upto 15m height,which is 1.65KN/sqm 12.00 3.00 16.00 ELEVATION 16.00 19.00 PLAN Wind Load on Roofs:- h/w = 0.75 Exposed area of each slope of roof, per frame is 32.74sqm From table 5 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:- Wind angle C pi in degrees Windward Leeward Windward Leeward Windward Leeward -0.700 -0.5 0.20 -0.9 -0.7 -48.729398 -37.9006425 -0.700 -0.5 -0.20 -0.5 -0.3 -27.071888 -16.2431325 -0.8 -0.8 0.20 -1 -1 -54.143775 -54.143775 -0.6 -0.6 -0.20 -0.4 -0.4 -21.65751 -21.65751 As per the preliminary dimensions assumed,the shape of the truss is as given below:- Total wind load in KN 0 90 C pe (C pe -C pi ) 16.00 OVER ALL WIND PRESSURE ON ROOF 1 .6 5 1 .6 5 12.00 WIND 3.00 20.56 1.600 1.709 3.000 2.400 1.800 1.200 0.600 20.56 1.600 1.709 3.000 2.400 1.800 1.200 0.600 Concentrated loads on nodes :- Dead load at intermediate node points = 3.56KN (corresponding to purlin locations) Dead load at eaves& end points = 1.78 Superimposed load at intermediate node points = 3.30KN (corresponding to purlin locations) Dead load at eaves& end points = 1.65 Wind load at intermediate node points on windward side = -10.83KN Wind load at intermediate node points on leeward side = -10.83KN Vertical component of wind load on windward side@ = -10.14KN intermediate nodal points Vertical component of wind load on leeward side@ = -10.14KN intermediate nodal points Vertical component of wind load @ at ridge = -10.14KN Horizontal component of wind load on windward side@ = -3.80KN intermediate nodal points Horizontal component of wind load on leeward side@ = -3.80KN intermediate nodal points Horizontal component of wind load @ at ridge = 0.00KN As per the table 4 of IS 800-2007,the following load combinations are to be considered:- i)1.5DL + 1.5LL ii)0.9DL + 1.5WL Seismic loads are not considered,because the effect of wind load is much more pronounced than that of siesmic activity. Load combinations :- i) 1.5DL + 1.5LL Vertical load windward = 10.29KN Vertical load leeward = 10.29KN Vertical load at ridge = 10.29KN ii) 0.9DL + 1.5WL Vertical load windward = -12.01KN Vertical load leeward = -12.01KN Vertical load at ridge = -12.01KN Horizontal load windward = -3.80KN Horizontal load leeward = -3.80KN Horizontal load at ridge = 0.00KN (Windward side) The results of analysis using STADD.Pro.2007 along with steel design are enclosed. Analysis of Roof truss 20.56 1.600 1.709 3.000 2.400 1.800 1.200 0.600 20.56 1.600 1.709 3.000 2.400 1.800 1.200 0.600 #DIV/0! Design Data:- Plan length of the building l = 19.00m Plan depth of the building w = 16.00m Height of the building excluding pitched roof h = 12.00m Span of the truss = 16.00m Height of the truss = 3.00m Spacing of trusses = 3.832m Height of each bay = 2.750m Column spacing for cross wall(Gable) = 3.172m Wind coefficients upto 10m height :- k1 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life) = 1.00 k2 (assuming terrain category 2&Class of structure A ) = 1.00 k3 = 1.0 (topography factor) 1.00 Basic wind speed V b = 50.00m/sec Internal wind pressure coefficient C pi (Buildings with low permeability) = 0.20 Wind coefficients upto 15m height :- k1 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life) = 1.00 k2 (assuming terrain category 2&Class of structure A ) = 1.05 k3 = 1.0 (topography factor) 1.00 Basic wind speed V b = 50.00m/sec Internal wind pressure coefficient C pi (Buildings with low permeability 0.20 with openings less than 5%) = Over hang = 0.50m The plan and elevation of the shed are as shown below:- Wind load calculations on RCC Structure 12.00 3.00 16.00 ELEVATION 16.00 19.00 PLAN Calculation of Wind Load:- Upto 10m height:- Assuming the building is situated in Vijayawada, the basic wind speed is = 50.00m/sec Design wind speed, V z = k 1 k 2 k 3 V b = 50.00m/sec Design wind pressure, P d = 0.6*Vz 2 = 1.50KN/sqm In between 10 to 15m height:- Assuming the building is situated in Vijayawada, the basic wind speed is = 50.00m/sec Design wind speed, V z = k 1 k 2 k 3 V b = 52.50m/sec Design wind pressure, P d = 0.6*Vz 2 = 1.65KN/sqm For simplicity adopt uniform wind pressure upto 15m height,which is 1.65KN/sqm Wind Load on walls transferred to nodal points:- i)Longitudinal walls:- The wind load, W L acting normal to the individual surfaces is given by W L = (C pe C pi ) A*P d 12.00 3.00 16.00 ELEVATION 16.00 19.00 PLAN a)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at plinth beam level&top beam level, A = 5.27sqm (Intermediate nodal points) Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C pi = For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75 l/w = 1.1875 From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:- Wind angle C pi 0 0 degrees Face A Face B Face A Face B Face A Face B 0.7 -0.25 0.20 0.5 -0.45 4.35763125 -3.921868125 0.7 -0.25 -0.20 0.9 -0.05 7.84373625 -0.435763125 b)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at plinth beam level&top beam level, A = 2.64sqm (End nodal points) Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C pi = For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75 l/w = 1.1875 From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:- Wind angle C pi 0 0 degrees Face A Face B Face A Face B Face A Face B 0.7 -0.25 0.20 0.5 -0.45 2.178815625 -1.960934063 0.7 -0.25 -0.20 0.9 -0.05 3.921868125 -0.217881563 c)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at intermediate level, A = 10.54sqm (Intermediate nodal points) Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C pi = For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75 l/w = 1.1875 From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:- Wind angle C pi 0 0 degrees Face A Face B Face A Face B Face A Face B 0.7 -0.25 0.20 0.5 -0.45 8.7152625 -7.84373625 0.7 -0.25 -0.20 0.9 -0.05 15.6874725 -0.87152625 Long walls Long walls Total wind load in KN C pe (C pe -C pi ) Total wind load in KN Long walls C pe (C pe -C pi ) C pe (C pe -C pi ) Total wind load in KN d)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at intermediate level, A = 5.27sqm (End nodal points) Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C pi = For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75 l/w = 1.1875 From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:- Wind angle C pi 0 0 degrees Face A Face B Face A Face B Face A Face B 0.7 -0.25 0.20 0.5 -0.45 4.35763125 -3.921868125 0.7 -0.25 -0.20 0.90 -0.05 7.84373625 -0.435763125 ii)Cross walls:- The wind load, W L acting normal to the individual surfaces is given by W L = (C pe C pi ) A*P d a)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at plinth beam level&top beam level, A = 4.36sqm (Intermediate nodal points) Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C pi = For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75 l/w = 1.1875 From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:- Wind angle C pi 0 0 degrees Face C Face D Face C Face D Face C Face D -0.6 -0.6 0.20 -0.8 -0.8 -5.76828 -5.76828 -0.6 -0.6 -0.20 -0.4 -0.4 -2.88414 -2.88414 b)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at plinth beam level&top beam level, A = 2.18sqm (End nodal points) Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C pi = For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75 l/w = 1.1875 From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:- Long walls C pe (C pe -C pi ) Total wind load in KN Cross walls C pe (C pe -C pi ) Total wind load in KN Wind angle C pi 0 0 degrees Face C Face D Face C Face D Face C Face D -0.6 -0.6 0.20 -0.8 -0.8 -2.88414 -2.88414 -0.6 -0.6 -0.20 -0.4 -0.4 -1.44207 -1.44207 c)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at intermediate level, A = 8.72sqm (Intermediate nodal points) Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C pi = For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75 l/w = 1.1875 From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:- Wind angle C pi 0 0 degrees Face C Face D Face C Face D Face C Face D -0.6 -0.6 0.20 -0.8 -0.8 -11.53656 -11.53656 -0.6 -0.6 -0.20 -0.4 -0.4 -5.76828 -5.76828 d)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at intermediate level, A = 4.36sqm (End nodal points) Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C pi = For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75 l/w = 1.1875 From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:- Wind angle C pi 0 0 degrees Face C Face D Face C Face D Face C Face D -0.6 -0.6 0.20 -0.8 -0.8 -5.76828 -5.76828 -0.6 -0.6 -0.20 -0.4 -0.4 -2.88414 -2.88414 Cross walls C pe (C pe -C pi ) Total wind load in KN Total wind load in KN Cross walls C pe (C pe -C pi ) Total wind load in KN Cross walls C pe (C pe -C pi ) Wind load calculations on RCC Structure 12.00 3.00 16.00 ELEVATION 16.00 19.00 PLAN 12.00 3.00 16.00 ELEVATION 16.00 19.00 PLAN 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 #DIV/0! Design Data:- Plan length of the building l = 19.00m Plan depth of the building w = 16.00m Height of the building excluding pitched roof h = 12.00m Dead weight of AC sheets = 0.13KN/sqm Dead weight of purlins,fixtures and false roofing system = 0.45KN/sqm Span of the truss = 16.00m Height of the truss = 3.00m Spacing of trusses = 3.832m Live load on pitched roof (For pitched roof having slope 20.56 0 ) = 0.54KN/sqm Distance between the nodal points(purlin locations) on top rafter = 1.709m Sloped area of each slope of Roof = 32.74sqm No.of Purlins provided = 5.00 Wind coefficients upto 10m height :- k1 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life) = 1.00 k2 (assuming terrain category 2&Class of structure A ) = 1.00 k3 = 1.0 (topography factor) 1.00 Basic wind speed V b = 50.00m/sec Internal wind pressure coefficient C pi (Buildings with low permeability) = 0.20 Slope of the pitched roof in degrees = 20.56 Wind coefficients upto 15m height :- k1 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life) = 1.00 k2 (assuming terrain category 2&Class of structure A ) = 1.05 k3 = 1.0 (topography factor) 1.00 Basic wind speed V b = 50.00m/sec Internal wind pressure coefficient C pi (Buildings with low permeability 0.20 with openings less than 5%) = Slope of the pitched roof in degrees = 20.56 Design of Roof purlins&Truss Anchor Bolts Over hang = 0.50m The plan and elevation of the shed are as shown below:- A)Design of Roof Purlins:- Load Calculations:- Dead Load of roof = 0.58KN/sqm Dead load/m run of purlin = 0.991KN/m Live Load = 0.54KN/sqm Live load/m run of purlin = 0.921KN/m Calculation of Wind Load:- Upto 10m height:- 12.00 3.00 16.00 ELEVATION 16.00 19.00 PLAN Assuming the building is situated in Vijayawada, the basic wind speed is = 50.00m/sec Design wind speed, V z = k 1 k 2 k 3 V b = 50.00m/sec Design wind pressure, P d = 0.6*Vz 2 = 1.50KN/sqm In between 10 to 15m height:- Assuming the building is situated in Vijayawada, the basic wind speed is = 50.00m/sec Design wind speed, V z = k 1 k 2 k 3 V b = 52.50m/sec Design wind pressure, P d = 0.6*Vz 2 = 1.65KN/sqm For simplicity adopt uniform wind pressure upto 15m height,which is 1.65KN/sqm Wind Load on Roofs:- Exposed area of each slope of roof, per frame is 32.74sqm From table 5 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:- Wind angle C pi in degrees Windward Leeward Windward Leeward Windward Leeward -0.700 -0.5 0.20 -0.9 -0.7 -48.7294 -37.9006425 -0.700 -0.5 -0.20 -0.5 -0.3 -27.0719 -16.2431325 -0.8 -0.8 0.20 -1 -1 -54.1438 -54.143775 -0.6 -0.6 -0.20 -0.4 -0.4 -21.6575 -21.65751 Wind pressure normal to the surface on windward side = -1.65KN/sqm Wind pressure normal to the surface on leeward side = -1.65KN/sqm Total wind load in KN 0 90 C pe (C pe -C pi ) 16.00 OVER ALL WIND PRESSURE ON ROOF 1 . 6 5 1 . 6 5 12.00 WIND 3.00 Vertical component of max.wind pressure = -1.55KN/sqm Wind load(vertical) per 'm' run of purlin = -2.650KN/m Horizontal component of max.wind pressure = -0.58KN/sqm Wind load(horizontal) per 'm' run of purlin = -1.740KN/m Load combinations as per working stress method:- i) 1.0DL + 1.0LL = 1.91KN/m ii) 1.0DL + 1.0WL -1.66KN/m Clause 6.9 of IS 800-1984:- 6.9.1: All purlins shall be designed in accordance with the requirements for uncased beams& ( see 6.2.1 and Table 3.1 ), and the limitations of bending stress based on lateral instability of the compression flange and the limiting deflection specified under 3.13 may be waived for the design of purlins. The maximum fibre stress shall not exceed the values specified in 6.2.1 except as provided under 3.9 for increase of stress. The calculated deflections should not exceed those,permitted for the type of roof cladding used. In calculating the bending moment advantage may be taken of the continuity of the purlin over supports. The bending stresses about the two axes should be determined separately and checked in accordance with 7.1.1. Open web purlins shall be designed as trusses. Hence,purlin is to be designed as the member with full lateral restraint. As per the table 3.1 of IS 800-1984,the maximum slenderness ratio for the compression in bending is 300 16.00 OVER ALL WIND PRESSURE ON ROOF 1 . 6 5 1 . 6 5 12.00 WIND 3.00 Effective length of the purlin = 3.83m The radius of gyration of the section required = r = 1.28cm Considering the supports as simply supported, the design bending moment in WSM =Wl 2 /8 = 3.51KN-m 1. WSM (clause 6.2 of IS:800 - 1984): Adopting Yst 240 grade,the yield strength of steel = f y = 240.00N/sqmm Permissible compressive or tensile stress in bending = 0.66f y = 158.40N/sqmm Adopting steel pipes,the section modulus required = 22159.09cumm = 22.16cm3 From IS 1161,the MS steel pipe of 90mm nominal bore medium gauge is required with symbol PIP1016.0M.,having section modulus of 28.80cm3 Considering,the bending in other direction also,adopt 90mm nominal bore heavy gauge is proposed with symbol PIP1016.0H.,having section modulus of 33.75cm3 Radius of gyration of the section proposed = r = 3.43cm Check as per clause 7.1.1:- The combined stress in the absence of axial compression shall be as given below:- C mx .a bcx.cal C my .a bcy.cal < 1 a bcx a bcy Where C mx = 0.85 Where C my = 0.85 a bcx.cal = Extreme fibre compressive stress about x-axis = 104.00N/sqmm a bcy.cal = Extreme fibre compressive stress about y-axis = 51.56N/sqmm a bcx = a bcy = Permissible compressive stress in bending = 158.40N/sqmm Now,the above expression comes to 0.83 < 1 Hence,the section assumed is safe. Check for deflection:- Considering the AC sheet roofing,the allowable deflection in the purlin is L/120,where 'L' is effective length Moment of inertia of the purlin section PIP1016.0H 'I' = 171.44cm4 Modulus of elasticity of steel E = 200GPa Assuming that the purlin is simply supported,the max.deflection = 5wl 4 /384EI = 15.64mm Allowable deflection = L/120 = 31.93mm >15.65mm Hence,the section assumed is safe. B)Design of Anchor Bolts:- As per the analysis in STADD.Pro.2007,the anchor bolts have to resist an uplift force of 58.76KN Assuming 25mm nominal dia bolts 4Nos,the uplift force to be resisted by each bolt = 14.69KN Assuming M18 non-prefered thread bolts,diametre of the bolt is = 18mm Net cross-sectional area of the 18mm nominal dia bolt = 190.76 (Taking net cross-sectional area as 75% of gross area) Stress in steel at collapse = 77.01 Assuming M20 grade of concrete,the design bond stress as per IS:456-2000 = 1.92 The development length required Ld = 180mm Provide an embedment length of 200mm into the concrete to ensure development length Design of Roof purlins&Truss Anchor Bolts 12.00 3.00 16.00 ELEVATION 16.00 19.00 PLAN 16.00 OVER ALL WIND PRESSURE ON ROOF 1 . 6 5 1 . 6 5 12.00 WIND 3.00 16.00 OVER ALL WIND PRESSURE ON ROOF 1 . 6 5 1 . 6 5 12.00 WIND 3.00 mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2