StateoftheArtCathodic

ProtectionPracticesand
Equipment
StateoftheArt
Definition:
Thelevelofdevelopment(asofadevice,
procedure,process,technique,orscience)
reachedatanyparticulartimeusuallyasa
resultofmodernmethods
CathodicProtection
Type
Materials
Installation
Monitor/SurveyTechniques
TypesofCathodicProtection
SacrificialAnode
SmallCurrentRequirement
WellCoatedStructures
IsolatedStructures
LowtoMediumSoilResistivity
TypesofCathodicProtection
ImpressedCurrent
LargeCurrentRequirement
PoorlyCoatedStructures
ShortedStructures
HighSoilResistivity
SacrificialAnodes
Magnesium&ZincTypical
SacrificialAnode
ZincRibbon
GRADE
SINGLE ANODE
PIPE
A
N
O
D
E
AT PIPE DEPTH
TO 5' TYPICAL
5' MIN
GRADE
MULTIPLE ANODE
PIPE
A
N
O
D
E
A
N
O
D
E
A
N
O
D
E
A
N
O
D
E
5' TO 15'
TYPICAL
10'-15' MIN
FOR MAGNESIUM
5' MIN FOR ZINC
TYPICAL SACRIFICIAL ANODE INSTALLATION
TypicalSacrificialAnodeInstallation
TypicalSacrificialAnodeInstallation
TypicalSacrificialAnodeInstallation
RibbonAnode
ImpressedCurrentRectifier
ConstantVoltage
ConstantCurrent
AutoPotential
Pulse
AlternativePower
Solar
ThermoElectric
Wind
Hydro
ImpressedCurrentAnode
Graphite
ImpressedCurrentAnode
HighSiliconCastIron
ImpressedCurrentAnode
MixedMetalOxide
-
+
RECTIFIER
P
I
P
E
P
I
P
E
A
N
O
D
E
A
N
O
D
E
A
N
O
D
E
A
N
O
D
E
A
N
O
D
E
A
N
O
D
E
TYPICAL IMPRESSED CURRENT ANODE INSTALLATION
DISTRUBUTED
200' TO 500' TYPICAL
-
+
RECTIFIER
TYPICAL IMPRESSED CURRENT ANODE INSTALLATION
REMOTE
P
I
P
E

ANODES
PIPE
-
+
5
0
'

T
O

4
0
0
'
T
Y
P
I
C
A
L
ANODE WITHIN
SLURRIED BACKFILL
TYPICAL IMPRESSED CURRENT ANODE INSTALLATION
DEEP
GRADE
TO ANODE JUNCTION BOX
MINIMUM 2'-0" BURIAL
SURFACE CASING TO 40 FT
VENT PIPE
SAND / BENTONITE MIXTURE
ANODE LEAD WIRES / HALAR
ANODES 10 EACH
ON 10 FT CENTERS
LOW RESISTANCE BACK-FILL
BOTTOM FILLED
SLURRIED
GRADE
10"
1
2
5
'
7
5
'
2
0
0
'
ImpressedCurrentAnodeInstallation
DistributedorRemote
ImpressedCurrentAnodeInstallation
Deep
StorageTankBottomCP
NewExisting
VacuumExcavation
UtilityLocating
AnodeInstallation
ReferenceCell
Installation
TestStationInstallation
DepthofCoverSurvey
ExposePipelinefor
CoatingInspection
SubsurfaceUtility
Engineering
VacuumExcavation
UtilityLocate
VacuumExcavation
Anode/TestStationInstallation
CathodicProtectionTesting
Equipment
Tools
Materials
SurveyMethods
+
0.000
CLEAN
WATER
HIGH INPUT IMPEDANCE DIGITAL VOLT METER
10 M OR GREATER
COPPER/COPPER SULFATE REFERENCE CELL
CLEAN, FULLY CHARGED & CALIBRATED
TEST WIRES WITH ALLIGATOR CLIPS
SELECTION OF SHORT & LONG WITH NO SPLICES
CLEAN WATER
TO SATURATE THE TEST LOCATION
MISC. HAND TOOLS
TO MAKE MINOR REPAIRS ON-SITE
C.P. TEST EQUIPMENT
DataCollection
ReadOnlySelfStorage
ReferenceCell/Electrode
SATURATED COPPER
SULFATE SOLUTION
PURE COPPER
ROD
COPPER SULFATE
CRYSTALS
POROUS PLUG
O-RING SEAL
ELECTRODE BODY
O-RING SEAL
Contaminatedevery
timeitgetsused
CleanRegularly
CheckRegularly
TheWeakestLink in
CathodicProtection
Testing
CathodicProtectionCriteria
NACESP0169
1. 850mVwithIRDropConsidered
2. 850mVPolarized
3. 100mVPolarization
CPTestLocation/TestStation
+
- 0.850 V
PIPE
STRUCTURE
TERMINAL
VOLT METER
REFERENCE
CELL
TERMINAL
PERMANENT
REFERENCE CELL
1. CONNECT (+) LEAD OF VOLT METER TO STRUCTURE TERMINAL
2. CONNECT (-) LEAD OF VOLT METER TO REFERENCE CELL TERMINAL
3. READ & RECORD MEASURED POTENTIAL
C.P TESTING - PERMANENT REFERENCE CELL
PermanentReferenceElectrode
+
- 0.850 V
PIPE
+
- 0.850 V
PIPE
C.P TESTING - PORTABLE REFERENCE CELL
1. CONNECT (+) LEAD OF VOLT METER TO STRUCTURE TERMINAL
2. CONNECT (-) LEAD OF VOLT METER TO REFERENCE CELL TERMINAL
3. PLACE REFERENCE CELL DIRECTLY OVER OR ADJACENT TO PIPE
4. READ & RECORD MEASURED POTENTIAL
VOLT METER
REFERENCE CELL
C.P. TEST STATION
STRUCTURE
TERMINAL
STRUCTURE TEST
WIRE
VOLT METER
PROPER REFERENCE CELL PLACEMENT
PIPE
GRADE
A
N
O
D
E
.850V
A
N
O
D
E
100' (TYPICAL)
CouponTestStation
IRFreePotentialReads
NoNeedtoInterrupt:
Rectifiers
SacrificialAnodes
ForeignBonds
CalculateMetalLoss
RemoteMonitoring
GPSControlled
AutomaticPipetoSoil
PotentialReads
AutomaticRectifier
Voltage&Amperage
Reads
AlarmNotification
InterruptionCapabilities
Cellular,Satellite&
RadioCommunication
CircuitInterruption
Rectifiers&Foreign
Bonds
SacrificialAnodes
GPSControlled
Programmable
Schedule
FaultProtection&Grounding
SolidState
InducedACVoltage
Mitigation
StrayDCVoltage
Blocking
InsulatedJoint
Protection
UltrasonicThickness(UT)Gauges
ThermiteWelding
OvertheLine
SurveyTechniques
OvertheLine
SurveyTechniques
CloseIntervalSurvey(CIS)
CathodicProtectionPotentialProfile
PipelineCurrentMapping(PCM)
MapsCathodicProtectionCurrentLossduetoCoating
FailureorShortedconditions
DirectCurrentVoltageGradient(DCVG)
AlternatingCurrentVoltageGradient(ACVG)
PinpointsCoatingDefects