CC GII PHP GIM DNG NGN MCH TRN LI TRUYN

TI, NG DNG TI KHU VC MIN NG NAM B

KS. Nguyn Mnh Cng,

ThS. Nguyn Th Thng,

Tm tt:
Quy m ngun ti h thng in tng, dng in ngn mch (DNM) c xu hng
tng theo. Hin nay, trong khu vc Min ng Nam b, mt s thanh ci 220 kV
phi tch ra nhm trnh DNM vt ngng cho php 40 kA [1]. Nhng nm ti, nhiu
ngun in ln c a vo vn hnh, nu khng c nhng gii php hp l, DNM
tng cao s xy ra trn din rng, lm mt an ton vn hnh ca thit b. Nghin cu
ny a ra ci nhn tng quan v dng in ngn mch, phng php lun, xut
cc gii php v nu mt s kinh nghim ca cc nc trn th gii i ph vi dng
in ngn mch tng cao. Nghin cu cng a ra tnh ton li in truyn ti min
ng Nam b trn c s li in ca Quy hoch pht trin in lc quc gia giai
on 2011-2020 c xt n 2030(QH VII) c th tng Chnh ph ph duyt.
Cc kt lun, kin ngh ca ti s ng gp c s khoa hc v thc tin cho cc bi
ton quy hoch in nhm gp phn xy dng h thng in truyn ti 500-220 kV
Vit Nam, m bo tnh hiu qu, vn hnh an ton v tin cy.
Kt qu nghin cu chnh:
ti kho st hin trng dng in ngn mch trn li truyn ti min ng Nam
b. i vi s kt dy c s (cha tch thanh ci), dng in ngn mch ti thanh
ci 220 kV trm Ph M (53 kA) v Nh B (42 kA) vt qu quy nh hin nay
(40 kA). Thc t, iu quc gia phi tch thanh ci 220 kV ti hai trm ny
a DNM v ngng cho php 40 kA [1]. DNM ti thanh ci mt s trm nh Ph
Lm, Ct Li, Nhn Trch gn t ngng 40 kA.
Nhng nm ti, khi c nhiu ngun in u ni v (nh nhit in Vnh Tn, Long
Ph, Duyn Hi v Mn), chc chn dng in ngn mch khu vc s cn tng cao,
phm vi tch thanh ci s lan rng ra nhiu trm.
ti tng hp li chng trnh pht trin li in truyn ti. Theo QH VII, xy
dng h thng truyn ti in phi m tnh ng b gia pht trin ngun v kh nng
truyn ti in ti cc trung tm ph ti mt cch tin cy, hiu qu, p ng li ch lu
di ca ngi s dng. Quy hoch i hi phi p dng cc tiu chun k thut v
tin cy, kinh t trong cng tc vn hnh, bo v, bo dng h thng, ph hp vi quy
hoch ngun, li phn phi, cng ngh thng tin, chin lc pht trin v cc gim
thiu tc ng n mi trng [2].
Nhm p ng nhu cu tng trng ph ti khong 12,3%/nm giai on 2011-2020
v 8,7%/nm [2] giai on 2021-2030, h thng truyn ti khu vc min ng Nam b
cn c nng cp, ci to v xy mi nhm tip nhn lng cng sut rt ln t cc
nh my in v cung cp n cc trm bin p phn phi.

li in truyn ti min ng Nam b n 2030 [2]

xut mt s gii php gim DNM trn li truyn ti

1- Vn thng s ng dy truyn ti in
Xu hng thit k ng dy ti in hin nay l tng tit din tng ng ca dy
dn bng cch s dng dy nhm li thp tit din ln (ACSR 330-410 tr ln), phn
nhiu si trong 1 pha (2, 4 si hoc nhiu hn/1pha), ng thi s dng nhiu mch i
chung trn mt ct. Do in tr ng dy trong cc s tnh ton c xu hng
gim, l mt trong nhng yu t lm tng DNM.
in khng X v dung dn ca ng dy ph thuc vo cu trc ct, cch b tr dy
dn v h cm gia cc dy [3]. Xu hng thit k ng dy truyn ti hin nay l
la chn tit din ngy cng ln v s dng dy phn pha, dn ti gim tng tr ng
dy, lm tng DNM.

2- Vn thng s my bin p
Theo QH VII, trong thi gian ti, cc my bin p (MBA) 500/220 kV vn s dng
ch yu l cc gam my 450 MVA, 600 MVA v 900 MVA [2]. Theo catalog my
bin p 500/220 kV cc hng ln nh ABB, Siemen, Un% cc cun dy khng thay
i nhiu so vi thng s cc my bin p hin c trn li in 500 kV Vit Nam.
Cc my bin p u cc my pht in pht ln 500 kV hin nay thng chn Un% t
14-17%; pht ln 220 kV thng chn Un% t 11-15%.
Nhn chung, khng th tng Un% ln qu cao, nh hng n c tnh kinh t k thut
ca MBA.

3- S dng s u ni hp l
S dng s u ni nh hng nhiu n tng tr h thng. Ta hy xem xt 4 dng
s sau: S 1: u ni lin thng cc trm bin p 220 kV; S 2: vn hnh h
mch 220 kV; S 3: phn on thanh ci 500 kV v m mch 220 kV lin kt; S
4: vn hnh kn li 500-220 kV, tch thanh ci c 2 cp 500 kV v 220 kV.
Kt qu tnh ton ngn mch theo cc s c th tm tt trong bng sau:

DNM ti cc thanh ci 500 kV:

60501

PHUMY

in
p
(kV)
500

55503

CAUBONG

500

AMPS

70,030

66,632

49,436

49,769

52,145

48,689

22,192

59501

SONGMAY

500

AMPS

60,178

53,462

40,814

44,059

47,123

40,388

28,791

33,436

58501

TANDINH

500

AMPS

59,302

55,226

40,184

42,688

45,154

41,402

27,016

32,302

58504

TANUYEN

500

AMPS

42,752

36,174

34,958

39,893

32,218

25,475

23,215

29,670

58502

MYPHUOC

500

AMPS

58,216

53,790

36,115

37,065

42,150

37,839

21,629

26,260

55507

CUCHI

500

AMPS

44,161

38,412

31,744

34,781

31,499

25,878

19,312

24,280

55501

PHULAM

500

AMPS

60,826

56,866

32,011

32,806

47,638

42,808

20,563

23,206

55502

NHABE

500

AMPS

56,560

54,347

29,616

29,708

46,564

44,024

23,119

22,642

S 4

S 1

STT
Bus

Tn Bus

In(3)

In(1)

n
v

S 1

AMPS

53,712

51,918

50,070

51,398

51,778

50,196

48,341

49,922
35,844

S 2

S 3

S 4

S 1

S 2

S 3

S 4

DNM ti mt s thanh ci 220 kV:

STT
Bus

Tn Bus

in
p
(kV)
220

In(3)

In(1)

n
v

S 1

S 2

S 3

AMPS

73,708

28,168

28,351

39,901

53,419

23,928

22,768

30,603
26,993

S 2

S 3

S 4

55211

CUCHI

55231

HOCMON2

220

AMPS

65,297

37,220

37,106

39,875

45,469

30,671

27,895

55233

CUCHI3

220

AMPS

63,308

31,020

30,970

38,411

43,211

24,467

22,087

25,619

58202

TDINH220

220

AMPS

45,958

23,583

22,719

38,274

36,995

21,994

20,122

29,428

59217

NDNTRACH

220

AMPS

77,717

39,308

38,255

37,753

66,201

38,555

37,806

37,413

59218

TBKPHAN

220

AMPS

65,993

40,539

29,448

37,716

59,892

41,150

32,021

38,732

60202

PHUMY1

220

AMPS

85,155

48,018

37,146

37,451

80,598

50,798

41,141

38,248

58220

TCTUYEN

220

AMPS

86,027

22,339

22,208

37,356

63,157

20,677

20,025

30,238

58213

GODAU

220

AMPS

37,469

21,862

21,191

35,659

27,201

18,558

17,377

25,893

59216

TCLGTHAH

220

AMPS

93,477

37,953

34,166

34,562

72,636

33,618

29,448

27,549

55212

CAUBONG

220

AMPS

77,888

38,744

38,606

34,239

59,714

34,664

30,009

25,409

55208

NAMSGON

220

AMPS

91,780

38,158

37,469

34,069

71,149

35,285

34,600

29,173

58215

TDMOT

220

AMPS

35,584

20,441

19,805

33,982

25,707

17,269

16,102

24,464

55201

PHULAM

220

AMPS

91,052

17,977

17,768

33,509

68,208

17,783

16,975

24,878

i vi s 1, DNM ti cc thanh ci 500 kV trong khu trung tm hu ht vt 40

kA, trong c 1 s thanh ci DNM rt cao nh Sng My 60 kA, Bnh Dng 1 62
kA, Tn nh 59 kA, Cu Bng 70 kA, M Phc 58 kA. y l cc trm nhn cng
sut t in Ht Nhn 1, 2 v nhit in khu vc Nam Trung B. cp in p 220kV,
c 74/106 v tr thanh ci dng in ngn mch > 40 kA (chim 69%). Cc thanh ci
ti khu vc trung tm ph ti u c DNM 3 pha vt ngng 40 kA, nht l cc thanh
ci 220 kV trong trung tm thnh ph H Ch Minh nh Nh B, Long Thnh, Nam
Si Gn, Ph Lm, . DNM trn 80 kA.
S 2: Sau khi tch h mt s on phn cng sut trn li in 220 kV, dng ngn
mnh trn li 220 kV gim r rt, hu ht u di 40 kA. Nguyn nhn l dng in
ngn mch c cung cp t cc trm ngun 500 kV ln cn bng 0 (do h mch).
DNM 3 pha ti cc thanh ci 500 kV hu ht vn trn ngng 50 kA. iu chng t
cu trc vn hnh ca li 500 kV vn cn phi thay i.
S 3: Sau khi tch thanh ci 500 kV, dng in ngn mch ti cc thanh ci 220 kV
cc trm ph ti gn nh khng thay i so vi s 2, nhng dng in ngn mch
ti thanh ci 500 kV gim r rt, u nm di ngng 50 kA (xem bng kt qu).
Di gc hiu qu s dng h tng ngnh in, cc nh qun l c th khng mong
mun nhiu ng dy 220 kV vn hnh h do chi ph u t xy dng li truyn ti
rt ln v ngy cng kh khn. Nghin cu xut s 4 nhm khai thc tt c
cc ng dy truyn ti (cc ng dy u mang in).

S 4: DNM ti cc thanh ci 220 kV khu vc trung tm ph ti c gi tr ln hn

DNM theo s 3, nhng hu ht u di ngng 40 kA. Mt s v tr trm 220/110
kV tp trung nhiu l vo ra vn phi vn hnh h mch nh trm 220/110 kV Tn
Thnh, Ct Li, Long Bnh, Nam Si Gn. Ngoi ra, nhng ng dy 220 kV ngn
lin kt cc TBA 500/220 kV cng phi vn hnh h 1 u v DNM chy qua rt ln
nh on M Phc An Ty C Chi v on Bnh Dng 1 Uyn Hng Tn
nh.
DNM trn li 500 kV c gi tr tng ng vi s 3, hu ht u di 40 kA,
mt s v tr c dng t 40-50 kA l Cu Bng, Bnh Dng 1, Sng My, Tn nh

4- Mt s phng php khc hn ch DNM

a. Lp t khng ni tip: hin nay, i vi gii php hn ch dng in
ngn mch tng cao trn li in truyn ti bng thit b hn ch DNM
th gii php kh thi nht l lp t khng ni tip trn li in. Cng
ngh hin nay cho php p dng vt liu siu dn vo cc thit b hn
ch DNM, kt hp vi cc b chuyn mch tc cao lm tng t
bin tng tr h thng khi xy ra s c. Tuy nhin, nhng thit b kiu
ny vn cha c ng dng rng ri v mi p dng cho cp in p
phn phi (66 kV tr xung).
Thc t, chi ph lp t khng in l rt t , i hi cng ngh cao v
ch yu thc hin theo hp ng dng cha kha trao tay. Bn cnh ,
cng ngh ch to thit b in ti Vit Nam cha cho php sn xut loi
thit b ny. Do , tng lp t khng in phn on thanh ci mt
cch i tr trn li truyn ti l khng kh thi.
b. Pht trin li in cc siu cao (UHV) 750 kV hoc 1000 kV: in p
cao s lm dng in ngn mch gim. Li in UHV hin mi c
nhng nghin cu s b v cha c k hoch pht trin Vit Nam [4].
c. S dng cng ngh truyn ti in 1 chiu tch h thng: s dng ng
dy 1 chiu hoc trm Back to Back. H thng 1 chiu HVDC s
cch ly c s c ca 2 h thng. Tuy nhin, p dng cng ngh ny i
hi vn u t rt ln, ph hp vi khong cch rt xa, cng sut truyn
ti ln hoc p dng cho cc h thng c tn s khc nhau.[5]
d. Ni t trung tnh qua cun khng: gim dng NM 1 pha ti nhng
im gn cc nh my in. iu ny ph thuc chnh sch v ni t do
cc c quan qun l ban hnh.

Kt lun
Qua vic phn tch cc yu t nh hng n dng in ngn mch, xut gii php
gim DNM i vi li in Min ng Nam b l thay i cu trc vn hnh ca
li theo s 3 hoc 4. Cc gii php ny c tnh kh thi cao, khng phi thay th
hng lot thit b hin c. c kt lun chnh xc nn chn theo cu trc vn hnh
dng g, cn tin hnh nghin cu chuyn su ti tng trm, ng thi phi quan tm
n tin cy cung cp in v tnh n nh h thng in. Quan im vn hnh h
thng ca cc n v qun l cng nh hng rt ln ti vic la chn cu trc li
truyn ti.

Ti liu tham kho:

[1]

Trung tm iu H thng in Quc gia, "Bo co tng kt vn hnh h thng

in quc gia nm 2010," EVN, H Ni 2011.

[2]

Vin Nng lng - B Cng Thng, "Quy hoch pht trin in lc quc gia
giai on 2011-2020 c xt n 2030," H Ni 2011.

[3]

T. Bch, Li in V H Thng in vol. Tp 1. H Ni: NXB Khoa hc k

thut, 2008.

[4]

JICA, "Power System Planning," TEPCO, Hanoi 2011.

[5]

R. Rudervall, "High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Systems

Technology Review Paper," ABB, Sweden 2008.

Gii thiu v tc gi:

KS. Nguyn Mnh Cng,
n v cng tc: Nghin cu vin, Phng Pht trin H thng
in Vin Nng lng B Cng Thng
NCS chuyn ngnh Mng v H thng in, Trng i hc
Bch Khoa H Ni.

ThS. Nguyn Th Thng,

Trng phng Pht trin H thng in Vin Nng lng B
Cng Thng.