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I. NG DNG CA BT
I.1. Bt lng (Liquid foam)
I.1.1. H bt cha chy
Bt cha chy l mt mng bt c khi lng ln, c tnh bn, cha y khng
kh, c t trng nh hn du,xng hoc nc. Bt cha chy c to bi 3 thnh
phn: nc , bt c c v khng kh. Nc c trn vi bt c c to ra mt
dung dch foam, dung dch ny c trn vi khng kh (ht khng kh) to ra
mt loi bt cha chy c tnh nng, sn sng phun ln b mt vt gy chy v
dp tt chy.
Mt vi loi bt thng dng :
- Cht to bt protein: cht c ngun gc t vt liu protein thy phn
- Cht to bt floprotein: Cht to bt protein c cho thm cht hot ng
b mt flo ha
- Cht to bt tng hp: cht to bt trn c s hn hp ca cht hot ng
b mt hydrocarbon v cc Flocarbon c b sung cht n nh.
- Cht to bt bn ru: cht to bt c bn chng phn hy khi s dng
trn b mt ru hoc cc dung mi phn cc khc.
- Cht to bt to mng nc: cht to bt trn c s hn hp ca
hydrocarbon v cht hot ng b mt c flo ha c kh nng to mng nc
trn b mt mt s hydrocarbon.
- Cht to bt floprotein to mng: cht to bt floprotein c kh nng to
mng nc trn b mt mt s hydrocarbon.
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Hnh nh v bt cha chy
I.1.2. H bt trong thc phm
a) Trong sn phm gii kht
Hnh nh v cu trc b mt ca bt bia l hai trong s cc yu t quan trng
nht nh gi cht lng bia tt hay khng. Bt bia c to thnh t hot ng
hp ph cc cht c hot tnh b mt trn b mt ca CO2.
S hnh thnh bt:
- Bt xy ra trn b mt bia l kt qu ca s hnh thnh ca bong bng kh
CO2 c hnh thnh do s gim p lc. Nhng bong bng CO2 nh lin kt vi
nhau lm tng din tch b mt bt v ni ln.. Cc cht hot ng b mt c mt
sc cng b mt thp, iu ny c ngha l trong gii hn m h c th tng din
tch b mt ca bt, sau khi kch tht bc bong bng tng, chng to thnh mt
mng n hi xung quanh bong bng kh.
- Vic hnh hnh thnh bt kh CO2 ngy cng nhiu. Nhng ng thi xy
ra s ph v bt..Bt ch n nh khi c s hin din ca cht hot ng b mt.

I.1.3. H bt trong m phm:


I.1.4. Tuyn ni qung:
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c tnh ca qu trnh tuyn ni:
Tuyn la khong sn bng cch lm ni cc khong vt l phng php lm
giu khong sn da vo tnh cht l ha khc nhau ca b mt cc khong vt,
quan trng nht l tnh dnh t. Trong qu trnh tuyn ni, khong sn phi nghin
ra vi nc thnh mt th bn khong vt nho, lng hoc st. em thi khng kh
v thm ha cht cn thit ( cc thuc tuyn ni ) vo khi bn qung ri khuy
mnh ln. Trong bn qung c nhng loi khong vt t dnh nc s dnh vo cc
bng khng kh v cng chng ni ln b mt thong ca khi bn qung, to
thnh mt tng bt c mang cc ht khong vt. Trong bn qung cn c nhiu
khong vt b dnh t, khng dnh vo bng khng kh nn khng th ni ln v
li trong bn qung. Gt ly lp bt mang cc ht khong vt c tnh dnh t thp
ra, tc l thc hin s phn chia, tch ring c cc khong vt c tnh dnh
t cao, thp khc nhau.
Tc ng ca thuc to bt:
S d ht khong vt trong bn qung ni ln c l nh c cc bng khng
kh. Bng kh cng bn, mc phn tn bng kh cng cao trong khi bn
qung th tng bt do cc bng kh ni ln v to thnh trn b mt bn qung
cng bn, cng mang nhiu ht khong vt. Trong nc sch ( tinh khit ) rt kh
to ra c nhng bng kh phn tn, v chng tc thi c xu hng dnh vo
nhau. Hn na cc bng kh to ra c trong nc sch khng th gp li v lm
cho chng ni ln trn mt nc thnh mt lp bt bn v v ca chng l mt
mng nc rt d v. Nu thm vo nc sch mt cht c hot tnh b mt, phn
t cht ny, hp ph c ln trn b mt bng kh th lc cng b mt nc trn
s gim i phn no v bng kh bt u n nh hn, gim xu hng bm vo
nhau, v cng t d v. Loi bng kh ny c th ni ln b mt nc v to thnh
lp bt bn vng.
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Phn t thuc to bt cn khng cho cc bng kh dnh kt vo nhau, gi chng
tnh trng phn tn trong mt thi gia kh lu. Do tc ng ln nhau gia nhm
c cc thuc to bt vi lng cc nc m bn v cng ca v bng kh
c tng thm, v mun ph v bng kh phi c mt lc kh mnh. Thuc to
bt hp ph ln v bng kh cn lm tng sc bn c hc ca bng kh khi c cc
lc c hc lm cho bng kh co li hay dn ra. Tng hp ph thuc cn lm gim
s chuyn ng ca bng kh trong bn qug, do tng thi gian tip xc bng
kh vi khong vt v to iu kin khong ha tt.

I.2. Bt rn (Solid foams)
Bt rn l mt trong nhng vt liu quan trong i vi khoa hc vt liu, bt
rn c th chia lm hai loi da trn cu trc l rng ca n : cu trc loi open-
cell v closed-cell.
Cu trc loi open-cell c cc l m n lin kt vi nhau to thnh mt mng
li tng i mm, xp. Loi cu trc ny s lp y bt c ci j m n c bao
quanh. Nu n lp y khng kh, th s to thnh mt vt liu cch in hiu qu,
nhng nu n c lp y vi nc th tnh cht cch in s b gim i. Bt cao
su l mt loi thuc cu trc ny.
Loi cu trc closed-cell khng c to lin kt gia cc l rng vi nhau, tuy
nhin, loi cu trc ny c cu trc dy c hn, i hi tn nhiu chi ph sn
xut. Trong c l rng ca cu trc ny c th cha khng kh lm ci thin tnh
cht cch nhit ca vt liu. Cu trc ny c n nh cao, h s hp th m
thp, v bn cao hn so vi cu trc open-cell. Loi cu trc ny c p dng
rng ri trong vt liu composite.
a) B tng xp nh:
Btng xp nh l btng c cha bt. Btng xp nh thc ra l dng ng
cng ca va ximng cha bt kh. Va c th l hn hp ca ximng-nc, hoc
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ximng vi ct v nc. Btng xp nh khng cha ct liu th ( si ). Hm
lng bt trong btng c th ln n 75% th tch, c t trng trong khong 400-
1600 kg/m3 v c chu nn t 1 MPa to 15 MPa.
Vi tnh a nng, n c th c iu chnh cng thc pha trn khi sn xut
ph hp vi cc mc tiu s dng rt khc nhau, cho hiu qu k thut v kinh
t ti u
Cng thc pha trn c th thay i, c ngha l btng xp nh khng phi l
mt sn phm duy nht. Loi tr mt s sn phm c sn, btng xp nh khng
phi l sn phm c sn cho mt mc tiu no . N hu nh c sn xut ti
cng trng, vi mt cng thc trn ti u ph hp cho mt mc ch s dng
nht nh.
Btng xp nh khng c cc c tnh ging nh btng thng thng: n
nh hn v cng lc khng bng btng thng thng. Do chng cng c
p dng vo cc mc ch s dng khc nhau vi tnh cht khc nhau.
b) Sn xut b tng xp nh:
B tng xp nh c sn xut bng cch trn bt kh c bit vo va
ximng. Bt kh c sn xut bng cht to bt . y l mt cht to bt dng
lng hiu qu cao, c, hm lng dng rt thp. N c pha vi nc v cp vo
my to bt hay my tng ng.
Trong my to bt , cht to bt c pha vi nc to ra hn hp dung dch
to bt, sau dung dch ny c thi di p lc cao qua u phun ca my. Ti
u phun, bt bn vng c to ra vi th tch gp 20-25 ln dung dich to bt.
c) u im ca b tng xp nh:
Chy t do: khng cn sn gt khi vo khun, mt trn lun phng, rt
nhn v ep. N c th chy n v lp y bt c l hng no. Khng cn san khi
sn.
Kh nng phn b ti trng cao: c th dng mng nh tit kim chi ph..
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Tnh nng cch m, cch nhit tuyt ho.
Khng gy ra ti trng ngang.
Khng thm nc.
Gi thnh r, khng c hi.
D kim sot cht lng khi sn xut.
d) Phm vi p dng:
Cch nhit mi: Dng btng xp nh c t trng thp mi trn: cch
nhit rt tt, thi cng nhanh ,d dng v rt r.
Lp cc ho rnh : Btng xp khng ln. khng cn dng my m
m cht, n lp ht cc l hng o ra trong ho, v vy n cho php thi cng san
lp rnh rt nhanh, cht lng mt ng rt tt, khng cn ch lu ngy mi hon
thin. t ng ng xong l ho thin ng ngay.
Lp cc l hng: Va btng xp rt lng d chy nn c th chy n
mi v tr kh nht, khe nh nht lp y : c bit hu hiu trong sa cha
cng trnh..
Xy tng nh: Cc tng bao khng chu ti c th c xy bng cch
khun trc tip trong cp pha. Xy tng rt nhanh v r. C th xy bng gch
btng nh c sn: xy nhanh, lp t in nc d dng, ti trng cng trnh
gim ng k gip tit kim rt nhiu chi ph xy mng.
Mng tr cu: dng btng nh c ngha l cn t mng hn, ng t cc
hn
Xy dng ng hm: Btng xp nh c dng bm vo cc khe,
hc to ra khi o hm qua t , bm trm trong hon thin thnh hm
Lm sn nh: dng btng nh t trng thp thi cng sn nh, sn bi hay
cc mt phng trong cng trnh rt nhanh, d dng, mt rt phng , gi thnh r


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