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CHNG 1: CC PHN T TRUYN NG V IU KHIN

KH NN V IN KH NN
1.1. CC PHN T TRUYN NG V IU KHIN KH NN
1.1.1. C cu chp hnh:
Xilanh tc dng n (tc dng mt chiu)


















Hnh 1.1. Xilanh tc ng mt chiu

Xilanh tc dng hai chiu (tc dng kp)




Xilanh tc dng hai chiu c c cu gim chn khng iu chnh c




Xilanh tc dng hai chiu c c cu gim chn iu chnh c



5
6








































Hnh 1.2. Mt s xilanh tc dng hai chiu

Xilanh quay bng thanh rng













Hnh 1.3. Xilanh quay
ng c kh nn quay 1 chiu v ng c kh nn quay 2 chiu













Hnh 1.4. ng c quay mt chiu







Hnh 1.5. ng c quay hai chiu



7
1.2.2. Van o chiu:
K hiu, nguyn l ca mt s van o chiu:
Van o chiu 2/2:











Hnh 1.6. Van o chiu 2/2
Van o chiu 3/2:
R
P
R
P
0 1
K hiu
P
A
Ca x
kh R
1 0
P R
A



















Hnh 1.7. Van o chiu 3/2 - tn hiu tc ng bng c


8
- Tn hiu tc ng bng c - c chn con ln qua van ph tr











A
R P
K hiu
0 1 1 0
R P
K hiu
A

Hnh 1.8. Van o chiu 3/2, tn hiu tc ng bng c
- Tn hiu tc ng bng tay: nt n, van xoay

Van n 3/2
(c rnh nh v)
Van xoay 3/2
(c rnh nh)
Van n 3/2
(khng c rnh nh v)













K hiu
A(2)
R(3)
P(1)
A(2)
R(3)
P(1
K hiu
0 1 0 1 1 0
R(3)
P(1)
K hiu
A(2)




Hnh 1.9. Van o chiu 3/2 - tn hiu tc ng bng tay (nt n, xoay)



9
- Tn hiu tc ng bng kh nn











Z(12
)
A(2)
R(3)
P(1)
K hiu
A
R
P
Z
K hiu
Z
0 1 0 1 1 0
R
P
K hiu
A
Hnh 1.10. Van o chiu 3/2 - tn hiu tc ng bng kh nn
- Tn hiu tc ng bng nam chm in qua van ph tr













L xo
Li st (pittng tr)
Cun dy
Z
P
1
Van ph tr
Van chnh
Nng van
P
A
R
L khoan
Pittng ph 12
1 0
P
K hiu
R
A

Van o chiu 4/2
Hnh 1.11. Van o chiu 3/2 - tn hiu tc ng
bng nam chm in qua van ph tr
- Tn hiu tc ng bng kh nn


K hiu
R P
1 0
Z
A B






Hnh 1.12. Van o chiu 4/2, tc ng bng kh nn
10
- Tn hiu tc ng trc tip bng nam chm in




Hnh 1.13. K hiu van o chiu 4/2 - tn hiu tc ng bng nam chm in
S
1 0
P R
A B
Van o chiu 5/2
- Tn hiu tc ng bng c - u d




Hnh 1.14. K hiu van o chiu 5/2 - tn hiu tc ng bng c (u d)
S
B
1 0
P R
A
- Tn hiu tc ng bng kh nn

R
A
0 1
Z
P S
B




1 0
B(2) A(4)
Y(12)
Z(14)

S(3)
(1) P
R(5)
Hnh 1.15. K hiu van o chiu 5/2 - tn hiu tc ng bng kh nn
5) Van xoay o chiu 4/3
















R P
a b c
A B

Hnh 1.16. K hiu van o chiu 4/3 - tn hiu tc ng bng tay
11
1.2.3. Van chn:
1) Van mt chiu: Van mt chiu c tc dng ch cho lu lng kh i qua mt chiu.

A B

Hnh 1.17. Van mt chiu





P
1
A
P
2
2) Van logic OR:











Hnh 1.18. Van logic OR
3) Van logic AND:

P
2
P
1
A





Hnh 1.19. Van logic AND
4) Van x kh nhanh:


R
A
P



Hnh 1.20. Van x kh nhanh
12
5) Van gim m:


Hnh 1.21. Van gim m
1.2.4. Van tit lu:
1) Van tit lu c tit din thay i


A B



Hnh 1.22. Van tit lu v van tit lu c gim m
2) Van tit lu mt chiu





Hnh 1.23. Van tit lu mt chiu
1.2.5. Van iu chnh thi gian
1) Rle thi gian ng chm






2) Rle thi gian ngt chm
B A
Hnh 1.24. Rle thi gian ng chm
Z
A
t
A
R P
0 1
Z
Van o chiu
Van tit lu mt chiu
Z
A
t
A
R P
0 1
Z
Van o chiu
Van tit lu mt chiu







Hnh 1.25. K hiu ca rle thi gian ngt chm
13
1.2.6. Van chn khng:






P
R
U
Hnh 1.26. Van chn khng


















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1.2. CC PHN T IN
1) Cng tc
Trong k thut iu khin th cng tc, nt n thuc cc phn t a tn hiu. trn
hnh 1.53 l cng tc ng - m.

2 2
1 1
2
1





Hnh 1.27. Cng tc ng - m

2) Nt n

3 4
4
4 2
1
K hiu theo
tiu chun EU
3
K hiu theo
tiu chun EU
a)
tip im
2
4
1
2
4
1


K hiu theo
tiu chun US



3 4
b)


K hiu theo
tiu chun US

4 3
3 4
4
3
K hiu theo
tiu chun EU


c)


K hiu theo
tiu chun US

Hnh 1.28. Nt n
a - Nt n chuyn mch;
b - Nt n thng m; c - Nt n thng ng.


15
3) Cng tc hnh trnh, cm bin
- Cng tc hnh trnh in - c:

1
Cht dch chuyn
Con ln
V
Tip im
L
2
g t
4
2
2
4
1
4
1
K hiu theo
tiu chun EU




K hiu theo
tiu chun US



Hnh 1.29. Cng tc hnh trnh in - c







a)
K hiu theo
tiu chun US
K hiu theo
tiu chun EU
K hiu theo
tiu chun US
K hiu theo
tiu chun EU



b)



Hnh 1.30. Cng tc hnh trnh in - c
a- Cng tc thng m; b- Cng tc thng ng
V nguyn tc tc ng theo hnh trnh ca cng tc hnh trnh c th hin trn
hnh 1.57.





Hnh trnh piston
Hnh 1.31. Nguyn tc tc ng theo hnh trnh


16
- Cng tc hnh trnh nam chm: cng tc hnh trnh nam chm thuc loi cng tc
hnh trnh khng tip xc. Nguyn l v k hiu c th hin trn hnh 1.59.












Cng tc
Piston
Nam chm
vnh cu
K hiu trn
mch kh nn
V tr lp t









K hiu theo
tiu chun EU
K hiu theo
tiu chun US
Thng ng
Thng m
Hnh 1.32. Nguyn l v k hiu cng tc hnh trnh nam chm
- Cm bin tim cn (Proximity sensors): trn hnh 1.60 l v d v v tr lm vic,
s mch in ca cm bin tim cn.

Cm bin
(sensors)
Cm bin
(sensors)






S mch in
BU(3)
BK(4)
BN(1)
0V
L Load
+24V DC





Hnh 1.33. V tr lm vic v s mch in ca cm bin tim cn
17
Vi cm bin tim cn c cc loi sau: cm bin tim cn cm ng t, cm bin
tim cn in dung v cm bin tim cn quang.
+ Cm bin tim cn cm ng t (Inductive proximity sensor): trn hnh 1.62 l
nguyn l hot ng, s nguyn l v k hiu ca cm bin tim cn cm ng t.













Hnh 1.34. Cm bin tim cn cm ng t
Cun
cm ng
B to
dao ng
B so mch
Triggering stage
B i khuch
Tn hiu ra
Mch dao
ng
Fe
K hiu
+ Cm bin tim cn in dung (Capacitive proximity sensor): trn hnh 1.63 l s
nguyn l v k hiu ca cm bin tim cn in dung.

in cc
B to
dao ng
B nn dng v
b so
B i khuch
Tn hiu ra
V ngoi
in cc
v ngoi





K hiu


Hnh 1.35. Cm bin tim cn in dung









18
+ Cm bin tim cn quang (Optical proximity sensor): trn hnh 1.64 l nguyn l
hot ng, s nguyn l v k hiu ca cm bin tim cn quang.




Vt chn














Hnh 1.36. Cm bin tim cn quang
it pht quang
B khuch i
Tn hiu ra
My pht sng
S
B phn nhn
B phn pht
Tranzito quang B lc
a)
c)
K hiu
b)
- B chuyn i tn hiu p sut - tn hiu in (hnh 1.65):

K hiu theo tc EU
12
p p
K hiu trn
mch kh nn
p
Thng ng
Thng m
p






12







K hiu theo tc US
Hnh 1.37. B chuyn i tn hiu - tn hiu in
19
4) Phn t x l tn hiu
Cc phn t x l tn hiu c dng trong h iu khin in - kh nn rt a dng
(v d nh cc mch in t, my tnh s,...). Tuy nhin, trong nhiu trng hp n
gin chng ta dng Rle in t (Relay).
- Rle in t (hnh 1.68):












Hnh 1.38. Nguyn l v k hiu ca rle
Biu din trn hnh 1.68 gm cc k hiu:
K: Rle; A
1
: Ca ni vi cc dng (+); A
2
: Ca ni vi cc m (-);
Tip im 1-4 l tip im thng m;
Tip im 1-2 l tip im thng ng.
- Rle thi gian:
+ Rle thi gian ng tr (hnh 1.69):









Nguyn l hot ng: tng t nh rle thi gian ng tr ca phn t kh nn, it
(D) ng vai tr nh van mt chiu, t in (C) nh mt bnh trch cha v bin tr R
1

nh van tit lu. ng thi t in c nhim v gim qu ti trong qu trnh ngt.
+ Rle thi gian ngt tr (hnh 1.70):
Nguyn l hot ng: tng t nh rle thi gian ngt tr ca phn t kh nn, it
(D) ng vai tr nh van mt chiu, t in (C) nh mt bnh trch cha v bin tr R
1

K hiu theo
tiu chun EU
K hiu theo
tiu chun US
Lp cch in
Tip im
n by
K
K
S nguyn l ca
rle theo tc US
2
4
1
1
A
2
A
1
K 4 2
1 1
S nguyn l ca
rle theo tc EU
K
A
1
A
2
L xo
Li st t
1 2 4 A
2
A
1
Cun dy
cm ng
C
+
K
S
D R
1
R
2
-
K hiu theo
tiu chun EU
K hiu theo
tiu chun US
1
4
SA
1
2
4
2
1
1
Hnh 1.39. Nguyn l v k hiu rle thi gian ng tr
20
nh van tit lu. ng thi t in c nhim v gim qu ti trong qu trnh ngt.

C
+
K
S
D R
1
R
2
-
1
4 2
1
SR

4
2
1
1



K hiu theo
tiu chun EU
K hiu theo
tiu chun US

Hnh 1.40. Nguyn l v k hiu rle thi gian ngt tr
5) Nam chm in ca van o chiu
Gi s ta xt van o chiu 3/2 tn hiu tc ng nam chm in qua van ph tr -
l xo (hnh 1.71).













L xo
Li st (pittng tr)
Cun dy
Z
P
1
Van ph tr
Van chnh
Nng van
P
A
R
L khoan
Pittng ph 12
R P
K hiu van 3/2
1 0
A
K hiu nam chm in
K hiu theo
tiu chun US
K hiu theo
tiu chun EU
Hnh 1.41. Nguyn l v k hiu van 3/2 (tn hiu tc ng nam chm in)

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