CH7

Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics

Exercise A, Question 1
Pearson Education Ltd 2008
Question:
A student makes the mistake of thinking that sin ( A + B ) sinA + sinB .
Choose non-zero values of A and B to show that this statement is not true for all
values of A and B.
Solution:
Example: Take A = 30 , B = 60
sinA =

sinB =

sinA + sinB 1
but sin ( A + B ) = sin90 = 1 .
This proves that sin ( A + B ) = sinA + sinB is not true for all values. There
will be many values of A and B for which it is true, e.g. A = 30 and
B = + 30 , and that is the danger of trying to prove a statement by taking
particular examples. To prove a statement requires a sound argument; to
disprove only requires one example.
1
2
3
2
Page 1 of 1 Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 3 C3
3/9/2013 file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\c3_7_a_1.html
Solutionbank
Question:
Using the expansion of cos ( A B ) with A = B = , show that
sin
2
+ cos
2
1.

Solution:
cos ( A B ) cos Acos B + sinAsinB
Set A = , B =
cos ( ) cos cos + sinsin
cos 0 cos
2
+ sin
2

So cos
2
+ sin
2
1 (since cos 0 = 1)

Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Use the expansion of sin ( A B ) to show that sin = cos .

(b) Use the expansion of cos ( A B ) to show that cos = sin .

Solution:
(a) sin ( A B ) sinAcos B cos AsinB
Set A = , B =

sin sin cos cos sin

sin cos (since sin = 1 , cos = 0)

(b) cos ( A B ) cos Acos B + sinAsinB
Set A = , B =

cos cos cos + sin sin

cos sin (since cos = 0 , sin = 1)

2
Solutionbank
Question:
Express the following as a single sine, cosine or tangent:
(a) sin15 cos 20 + cos 15 sin20
(b) sin58 cos 23 cos 58 sin23
(c) cos 130 cos 80 sin130 sin80
(d)

(e) cos 2cos + sin2sin
(f) cos 4cos 3 sin4sin3
(g) sin cos 2 + cos sin2

(h)

(i) sin ( A + B ) cos B cos ( A + B ) sinB
(j) cos cos sin sin

tan76 tan45
1 + tan76 tan45
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
tan2 + tan3
1 tan2tan3

3x + 2y
2

3x 2y
2

3x + 2y
2

3x 2y
2

Solution:
(a) Using sin ( A + B ) sinAcos B + cos AsinB
sin15 cos 20 + cos 15 sin20 sin ( 15 + 20 ) sin35
(b) Using sin ( A B ) sinAcos B cos AsinB
sin58 cos 23 cos 58 sin23 sin ( 58 23 ) sin35
(c) Using cos ( A + B ) cos Acos B sinAsinB
cos 130 cos 80 sin130 sin80 cos ( 130 + 80 ) cos 210
(d) Using tan ( A B )

tanA tanB
1 + tanAtanB
tan ( 76 45 ) tan31

(e) Using cos ( A B ) cos Acos B + sinAsinB
cos 2cos + sin2sin cos ( 2 ) cos
(f) Using cos ( A + B ) cos Acos B sinAsinB
cos 4cos 3 sin4sin3 cos ( 4 + 3 ) cos 7
(g) Using sin ( A + B ) sinAcos B + cos AsinB
sin cos 2 + cos sin2 sin + 2 sin3

(h) Using tan ( A + B )

tan ( 2 + 3 ) tan5

(i) Using sin ( P Q ) sinPcos Q cos PsinQ
sin ( A + B ) cos B cos ( A + B ) sinB sin [ ( A + B ) B ] sinA
(j) Using cos ( A + B ) cos Acos B sinAsinB
cos cos sin sin

cos + cos cos 3x

tan76 tan45
1 + tan76 tan45
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

1
2
1
2

tanA + tanB
1 tanAtanB
tan2 + tan3
1 tan2tan3

3x + 2y
2

3x 2y
2

3x + 2y
2

3x 2y
2

3x + 2y
2

3x 2y
2

6x
2


Solutionbank
Question:
Calculate, without using your calculator, the exact value of:
(a) sin30 cos 60 + cos 30 sin60
(b) cos 110 cos 20 + sin110 sin20
(c) sin33 cos 27 + cos 33 sin27
(d) cos cos sin sin

(e) sin60 cos 15 cos 60 sin15
(f) cos 70 ( cos 50 tan70 sin50 )
(g)

(h)

(i)

(j) 3cos 15 sin15
8
tan45 + tan15
1 tan45 tan15
1 tan15
1 + tan15
tan ( ) tan ( )
7
12
3
1 + tan ( ) tan ( )
7
12
3
Solution:
(a) Using sin ( A + B ) expansion
sin30 cos 60 + cos 30 sin60 = sin ( 30 + 60 )
= sin90 = 1

(b) cos 110 cos 20 + sin110 sin20 = cos ( 110 20 )
= cos 90 = 0

(c) sin33 cos 27 + cos 33 sin27 = sin ( 33 + 27 )
= sin60 =

(d) cos cos sin sin = cos + = cos =

(e) sin60 cos 15 cos 60 sin15 = sin ( 60 15 )
= sin45 =

3
2

4
2
2
2
2
(f) cos 70 cos 50 cos 70 tan70 sin50
= cos 70 cos 50 sin70 sin50

= cos ( 70 + 50 )

= cos 120
= cos 60 =

(g) = tan ( 45 + 15 ) = tan60 = 3

(h) = (using tan45 = 1)

= tan ( 45 15 )
= tan30 =

(i) = tan = tan = tan = 1

(j) This is very similar to part (e) but you need to rewrite it as 2 cos 15
sin15 to appreciate it!

3cos 15 sin15 2 cos 15 sin15

2 ( sin60 cos 15 cos 60 sin15 )
2sin ( 60 15 )

2sin45
= 2
1
2
tan45 + tan15
1 tan45 tan15
1 tan15
1 + tan15
tan45 tan15
1 + tan45 tan15
3
3
tan ( ) tan ( )
7
12
1
3
1 + tan ( ) tan ( )
7
12
1
3

7
12
3
12
3
2
1
2

3
2
1
2


Solutionbank
Question:
Triangle ABC is such that AB = 3cm, BC = 4cm, ABC = 120 and
BAC = .
(a) Write down, in terms of , an expression for ACB.
(b) Using the sine rule, or otherwise, show that tan = .

2 3
5
Solution:

(a) ACB = 180 120 = ( 60 )

(b) Using sine rule: =

=

4sin ( 60 )
= 3sin

4sin60 cos 4cos 60 sin = 3sin
2 3cos 2sin = 3sin sin60 =

5sin = 2 3cos
sinC
c
sinA
a
sin ( 60 )
3
sin
4

3
2


=

tan =

sin
cos
2 3
5
2 3
5
Solutionbank
Question:
Prove the identities
(a) sin ( A + 60 ) + sin ( A 60 ) sinA
(b)

(c) tanx + tany

(d) + 1 cot xcot y

(e) cos + + 3sin sin +

(f) cot ( A + B )

(g) sin
2
( 45 + ) + sin
2
( 45 ) 1

(h) cos ( A + B ) cos ( A B ) cos
2
A sin
2
B

cos A
sinB
sinA
cos B
cos ( A + B )
sinBcos B
sin ( x + y )
cos xcos y
cos ( x + y )
sinxsiny
|
\

3
|
|
\

6
|
cot Acot B 1
cot A + cot B
Solution:
(a) L.H.S. sin ( A + 60 ) + sin ( A 60 )
sinAcos 60 + cos Asin60 + sinAcos 60 cos Asin60
2sinAcos 60
sinA (since cos 60 = )

R.H.S.
(b) L.H.S.

R.H.S.
(c) L.H.S.

1
2
cos A
sinB
sinA
cos B
cos Acos B sinAsinB
sinBcos B
cos ( A + B )
sinBcos B
sin ( x + y )
cos xcos y

+

+

tanx + tany
R.H.S.
(d) L.H.S. + 1

cot xcot y
R.H.S.
(e) L.H.S. cos + + 3sin

cos cos sinsin + 3sin

cos sin + 3sin

sin + cos

sincos + cos sin cos = , sin =

sin + [ sin ( A + B ) ]

R.H.S.
(f)
sinxcos y + cos xsiny
cos xcos y
sinxcos y
cos xcos y
cos xsiny
cos xcos y
sinx
cos x
siny
cos y
cos ( x + y )
sinxsiny
cos ( x + y ) + sinxsiny
sinxsiny
cos xcos y sinxsiny + sinxsiny
sinxsiny
cos xcos y
sinxsiny
|
\

3
|
3
1
2
3
2
3
2
1
2
6
|
\

6
3
2
6
1
2
|
|
\

6
|


(g) L.H.S. sin
2
( 45 + ) + sin
2
( 45 )

( sin45 cos + cos 45 sin )
2
+ ( sin45 cos cos 45
sin )
2

As sin45 = cos 45 it is easier to take out as a common factor.
( sin45 )
2
[ ( cos + sin )
2
+ ( cos sin )
2
]

cos
2
+ 2sin cos + sin
2
+ cos
2
2sin
cos + sin
2

2 sin
2
+ cos
2

2 ( sin
2
+ cos
2
1 )

1
R.H.S.
Alternatively:
as sin ( 90 x ) cos x ,
if x = 45 + then sin ( 45 ) cos ( 45 + )
and original L.H.S. becomes sin
2
( 45 + ) + cos
2
( 45 + )

which is identically = 1
(h) L.H.S. cos ( A + B ) cos ( A B )
( cos Acos B sinAsinB ) ( cos Acos B + sinAsinB )
cos
2
Acos
2
B sin
2
Asin
2
B

1
2
|

\
|
|
1
2

|
\
|
1
2
cos
2
A ( 1 sin
2
B ) ( 1 cos
2
A ) sin
2
B

cos
2
A cos
2
Asin
2
B sin
2
B + cos
2
Asin
2
B

cos
2
A sin
2
B

R.H.S.
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that sinA = and sinB = , where A and B are both acute angles, calculate the
exact values of
(a) sin ( A + B )
(b) cos ( A B )
(c) sec ( A B )
4
5
1
2
Solution:

Using Pythagoras' theorem x = 3 and y = 3
(a) sin ( A + B ) = sinAcos B + cos AsinB = + =

(b) cos ( A B ) = cos Acos B + sinAsinB = + =

(c) sec ( A B ) = =

=

=

=

4
5
3
2
3
5
1
2
4 3 + 3
10
3
5
3
2
4
5
1
2
3 3 + 4
10
1
cos ( A B )
10
3 3 + 4
10 ( 3 3 4 )
( 3 3 + 4 ) ( 3 3 4 )
10 ( 3 3 4 )
27 16
10 ( 3 3 4 )
11
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that cos A = , and A is an obtuse angle measured in radians, find the
exact value of
(a) sin A
(b) cos ( + A )
(c) sin + A

(d) tan + A

4
5

Solution:
Draw a right-angled triangle where cos A =

Using Pythagoras' theorem x = 3
So sinA = , tanA =

(a) As A is in the 2nd quadrant, sinA = sinA
sinA =

(b) cos ( + A ) = cos cos A sinsinA = cos A ( cos = 1 ,
sin = 0 )
4
5
3
5
3
4
3
5
cos ( + A ) = +

(c) sin + A = sin cos A + cos sinA

= +

=

(d) As A is in 2nd quadrant, tanA = tanA =

tan + A = = = =

4
5

3
2

4
5

1
2

3
5

3 4 3
10
3
4

tan + tanA
4
1 tan tanA
4
1 + tanA
1 tanA
1
4
7
4
1
7
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that sinA = , where A is acute, and cos B = , where B is obtuse,
calculate the exact value of
(a) sin ( A B )
(b) cos ( A B )
(c) cot ( A B )
8
17
4
5
Solution:

sinB = sinB, tanB = tanB
By Pythagoras' theorem, the remaining sides are 15 and 3.
So sinA = , cos A = , tanA =

and sinB = , cos B = , tanB =

(a) sin ( A B ) = sinAcos B cos AsinB
=

= =

(b) cos ( A B ) = cos Acos B + sinAsinB
= +

8
17
15
17
8
15
3
5
4
5
3
4

8
17

4
5

15
17

3
5

32 45
85
77
85

15
17

4
5

8
17

3
5


= =

(c) tan ( A B ) = = = =

So cot ( A B ) = =

60 + 24
85
36
85
tanA tanB
1 + tanAtanB
+
8
15
3
4
1
24
60
77
60
36
60
77
36
1
tan ( A B )
36
77
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that tanA = , where A is reflex, and sinB = , where B is obtuse,
calculate the exact value of
(a) sin ( A + B )
(b) tan ( A B )
(c) cosec ( A + B )
7
24
5
13
Solution:

Using Pythagoras' theorem, the remaining sides are 25 and 12.
As A is in the 3rd quadrant (tan A is +ve, and A is reflex),
sinA = sinA, cos A = cos A
So sinA = , cos A = , tanA =

As B is in the 2nd quadrant,
cos B = cos B, tanB = tanB
So sinB = , cos B = , tanB =

(a)

7
25
24
25
7
24
5
13
12
13
5
12
sin ( A + B ) = sinAcos B + cos AsinB
= ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( )
7
25
12
13
24
25
5
13
= =
84 120
325
36
325
(b) tan ( A B ) = = = =

(c) cosec ( A + B ) = =

tanA tanB
1 + tanAtanB
+
7
24
5
12
1 ( ) ( )
7
24
5
12
17
24
253
288
204
253
1
sin ( A + B )
325
36
Solutionbank
Question:
Write the following as a single trigonometric function, assuming that is
measured in radians:
(a) cos
2
sin
2

(b) 2sin4cos 4
(c)

(d) ( sin + cos )

1 + tan
1 tan
1
2
Solution:
(a) cos
2
sin
2
= cos cos sinsin = cos ( + ) = cos 2

(b) 2sin4cos 4 = sin4cos 4 + sin4cos 4
= sin4cos 4 + cos 4sin4
= sin ( 4 + 4 )
= sin8
(c) = (as tan = 1)

= tan +

(d) sin + cos = sincos + cos sin (as = cos = sin
)

= sin +

1 + tan
1 tan
tan + tan
4
1 tan tan
1
2
1
2
4
1
2

[ Note: (d) could be cos


Solutionbank
Question:
Solve, in the interval 0 < 360 , the following equations. Give
answers to the nearest 0.1.
(a) 3cos = 2sin ( + 60 )
(b) sin ( + 30 ) + 2sin = 0
(c) cos ( + 25 ) + sin ( + 65 ) = 1
(d) cos = cos ( + 60 )
(e) tan ( 45 ) = 6tan
(f) sin + cos = 1
Solution:
(a) 3cos = 2sin ( + 60 )
3cos = 2 ( sincos 60 + cos sin60 )
3cos = 2 sin + cos = sin + 3cos

( 3 3 ) cos = sin
tan = 3 3 tan =

As tan is +ve, is in 1st and 3rd quadrants.
= tan
1
( 3 3 ) , 180 + tan
1
( 3 3 ) = 51.7, 231.7

(b) sin ( + 30 ) + 2sin = 0
sincos 30 + cos sin30 + 2sin = 0
sin + cos + 2sin = 0

( 4 + 3 ) sin = cos
tan =

As tan is ve, is in the 2nd and 4th quadrants.

1
2
3
2

sin
cos

3
2
1
2
1
4 + 3

= tan
1
+ 180 , tan
1
+ 360
= 170.1 , 350.1.
(c) cos ( + 25 ) + sin ( + 65 ) = 1
cos cos 25 sinsin25 + sincos 65 + cos sin65 = 1
As sin ( 90 x )
= cos x and cos ( 90 x )
= sinx

cos 25 = sin65 and sin25 = cos 65
So cos sin65 sincos 65 + sincos 65 + cos sin65 = 1
2cos sin65 = 1
cos = = 0.55169

= cos
1
( 0.55169 ) , 360 cos
1
( 0.55169 ) = 56.5, 303.5

(d) cos = cos ( + 60 )
cos = cos cos 60 sinsin60 = cos sin

cos = 3sin
tan = tan =

is in the 2nd and 4th quadrants.

1
4 + 3

1
4 + 3

1
2sin65
1
2
3
2
1
3

sin
cos


tan
1
is not in given interval.

= tan
1
+ 180 , tan
1
+ 360 = 150 ,
330
(e) tan ( 45 ) = 6tan
= 6tan

= 6tan

tan 1 = 6tan + 6tan
2

6tan
2
+ 5tan + 1 = 0

( 3tan + 1 ) ( 2tan + 1 ) = 0
tan = or tan =

tan = = tan
1
+ 180 , tan
1

+ 360 = 161.6 , 341.6
tan = = tan
1
+ 180 , tan
1

+ 360 = 153.4 , 333.4
Set of solutions: 153.4, 161.6, 333.4, 341.6
(f) sin + cos = 1
sin + cos =

1
3

1
3

1
3

tan tan45
1 + tantan45
tan 1
1 + tan
1
3
1
2
1
3

1
3

1
3

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2
1
2
1
2
cos 45 sin + sin45 cos =

sin ( + 45 ) =

+ 45 = 45 , 135
= 0 , 90
1
2
1
2
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Solve the equation cos cos 30 sinsin30 = 0.5, for
0 360 .
(b) Hence write down, in the same interval, the solutions of 3cos sin = 1.
Solution:
(a) cos cos 30 sinsin30 = 0.5
cos ( + 30 ) = 0.5
+ 30 = 60 , 300
= 30 , 270
(b) cos cos 30 sinsin30 cos sin

So cos cos 30 sinsin30 =

is identical to 3cos sin = 1
Solutions are same as (a), i.e. 30, 270
3
2
1
2
1
2
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Express tan ( 45 + 30 )
in terms of tan 45 and tan 30.

(b) Hence show that tan75 = 2 + 3.
Solution:
(a) tan ( 45 + 30 )
=

(b)

=

=

=

= 2 + 3
tan45 + tan30
1 tan45 tan30
3 + 1
3 1
( 3 + 1 ) ( 3 + 1 )
( 3 1 ) ( 3 + 1 )
4 + 2 3
2
Solutionbank
Question:
Show that sec105 = 2 ( 1 + 3 )
Solution:

cos ( 60 + 45 )
= cos 60 cos 45 sin60 sin45

=
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
=
1 3
2 2
So sec105 = =
1
cos 105
2 2
1 3
=
2 2 ( 1 + 3 )
( 1 3 ) ( 1 + 3 )
=
2 2 ( 1 + 3 )
2
= 2 ( 1 + 3 )
Solutionbank
Question:
Calculate the exact values of
(a) cos 15
(b) sin 75
(c) sin ( 120 + 45 )

(d) tan 165
Solution:
(a) cos 15 = cos ( 45 30 )

= cos 45 cos 30 + sin45 sin30
= +

= ( 3 + 1 )

(b) sin75 = sin ( 45 + 30 )

= sin45 cos 30 + cos 45 sin30
= +

= ( 3 + 1 )

[ sin75 = cos ( 90 75 ) = cos 15 ]
(c) sin ( 120 + 45 )
= sin120 cos 45 + cos 120 sin45

= +

= ( 3 1 )

(d) tan165 = tan ( 120 + 45 )
= ( tan120
= 3 )
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
4
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
4
3
2
2
2

1
2

2
2
2
4
tan120 + tan45
1 tan120 tan45

=
3 + 1
1 + 3
=
( 3 + 1 ) ( 3 1 )
( 3 + 1 ) ( 3 1 )
=
4 + 2 3
2
= 2 + 3
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Given that 3sin ( x y ) sin ( x + y ) = 0 , show that tanx = 2tany.
(b) Solve 3sin ( x 45 ) sin ( x + 45 ) = 0 , for 0 x 360 .
Solution:
(a) 3sin ( x y ) sin ( x + y ) = 0
3sinxcos y 3cos xsiny sinxcos y cos xsiny = 0
2sinxcos y = 4cos xsiny
=

=

2tanx = 4tany
So tanx = 2tany
(b) Put y = 45 tanx = 2
So x = tan
1
2, 180 + tan
1
2 = 63.4 , 243.4

2sinxcosy
cos xcos y
4cos xsiny
cos xcos y
2sinx
cos x
4siny
cos y
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that sinx ( cos y + 2siny ) = cos x ( 2cos y siny ) , find the value of
tan ( x + y ) .
Solution:
sinx ( cos y + 2siny ) = cos x ( 2cos y siny )
sinxcos y + 2sinxsiny = 2cos xcos y cos xsiny
sinxcos y + cos xsiny = 2 ( cos xcos y sinxsiny )
sin ( x + y ) = 2cos ( x + y )
= 2

tan ( x + y ) = 2
sin ( x + y )
cos ( x + y )
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that tan ( x y ) = 3 , express tan y in terms of tan x.
Solution:
As tan ( x y ) = 3
so = 3

tanx tany = 3 + 3tanxtany
3tanxtany + tany = tanx 3
tany ( 3tanx + 1 ) = tanx 3
tany =

tanx tany
1 + tanxtany
tanx 3
3tanx + 1
Solutionbank
Question:
In each of the following, calculate the exact value of tan x.
(a) tan ( x 45 )
=

(b) sin ( x 60 )
= 3cos ( x + 30 )

(c) tan ( x 60 )
= 2

1
4
Solution:
(a) tan ( x 45 )
=

=

4tanx 4 = 1 + tanx ( tan45 = 1 )
3tanx = 5
tanx =

(b) sin ( x 60 )
= 3cos ( x + 30 )

sinx cos 60 cos x sin60 = 3cos x cos 30 3sinx
sin30
sinx cos x = 3cos x 3sinx

4sinx = 4 3cos x
=

tanx = 3
(c) tan ( x 60 )
= 2

= 2

1
4
tanx tan45
1 + tanx tan45
1
4
5
3
1
2
3
2
3
2
1
2
sinx
cosx
4 3
4
tanx tan60
1 + tanx tan60
= 2

tanx 3 = 2 + 2 3tanx
( 2 3 1 ) tanx = ( 2 + 3 )
tanx = = =

tanx 3
1 + 3tanx
( 2 + 3 )
2 3 1
( 2 + 3 ) ( 2 3 + 1 )
( 2 3 1 ) ( 2 3 + 1 )
8 + 5 3
11
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that tanA = and tanB = , calculate, without using your calculator, the
value of A + B,
(a) where A and B are both acute,
(b) where A is reflex and B is acute.
1
5
2
3
Solution:
(a) tan ( A + B ) =

As tan ( A + B )
is +ve, A + B is in the 1st or 3rd quadrants, but as they are both

acute A + B cannot be in the 3rd quadrant.
So ( A + B )
= tan
1
1 = 45

i.e. A + B = 45
(b)A is reflex but tanA is +ve, so A is in 3rd quadrant,
i.e. 180 < A < 270
and 0 < B < 90
( A + B )
must be in the 3rd quadrant as tan ( A + B )
is +ve.

So A + B = 225
tanA + tanB
1 tanA tanB
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that cos y = sin ( x + y ) , show that tany = secx tanx.
Solution:
cos y = sin ( x + y )
cos y = sinxcos y + cos xsiny
Divide throughout by cos xcos y

secx = tanx + tany
tany = secx tanx
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that cot A = and cot ( A + B ) = 2 , find the value of cot B.

1
4
Solution:
cot ( A + B ) = 2
tan ( A + B ) =

=

But as cot A = , then tanA = 4.

So =

8 + 2tanB = 1 4tanB
6tanB = 7
tanB =

So cot B = =

1
2
tanA + tanB
1 tanAtanB
1
2
1
4
4 + tanB
1 4tanB
1
2
7
6
1
tanB
6
7
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that tan x + = , show that tanx = 8 5 3.

1
2
Solution:
tan x + =

=

= tan = 3

2tanx + 2 3 = 1 3tanx
( 2 + 3 ) tanx = 1 2 3
tanx = = = = 8 5 3

1
2
tanx + tan
3
1 tanxtan
3
1
2
tanx + 3
1 3tanx
1
2

1 2 3
2 + 3
( 1 2 3 ) ( 2 3 )
( 2 + 3 ) ( 2 3 )
2 4 3 3 + 6
1
Solutionbank
Exercise B, Question 1
Question:
Write the following expressions as a single trigonometric ratio:
(a) 2sin10 cos 10
(b) 1 2sin
2
25

(c) cos
2
40 sin
2
40

(d)

(e)

(f) 6cos
2
30 3

(g)

(h) cos
2
sin
2

2tan5
1 tan
2
5
1
2sin ( 24 ) cos ( 24 )
1
2
1
2
sin8
sec8
16
16
Solution:
(a) 2sin10 cos 10 = sin20 (using 2sinAcos A sin2A)
(b) 1 2sin
2
25 = cos 50 (using cos 2A 1 2sin
2
A)

(c) cos
2
40 sin
2
40 = cos 80 (using cos 2A cos
2
A sin
2
A)

(d) = tan10 (using tan2A )

2tan5
1 tan
2
5
2tanA
1 tan
2
A
3/9/2013 file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\c3_7_b_1.html
(e) = = cosec49

(f) 6cos
2
30 3 = 3 ( 2cos
2
30 1 ) = 3cos 60

(g) = sin8 cos 8 = ( 2sin8 cos 8 ) = sin16

(h) cos
2
sin
2
= cos = cos

1
2sin ( 24 ) cos ( 24 )
1
2
1
2
1
sin49
sin8
sec8
1
2
1
2
16
16
2
16
8
Solutionbank
Question:
Without using your calculator find the exact values of:
(a) 2sin 22
cos 22

(b) 2cos
2
15 1

(c) ( sin75 cos 75 )
2

(d)

1
2

1
2

2tan
8
1 tan
2

8
Solution:
(a) 2sin 22
cos 22
= sin2 22 = sin45 =

(b) 2cos
2
15 1 = cos ( 2 15 ) = cos 30 =

(c) ( sin75 cos 75 )
2
= sin
2
75 + cos
2
75 2sin75 cos 75

= 1 sin ( 2 75 ) ( sin
2
75 + cos
2
75 = 1 )

= 1 sin150
= 1

=

(d) = tan 2 = tan = 1

1
2

1
2

1
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
2tan
8
1 tan
2

4
Solutionbank
Question:
Write the following in their simplest form, involving only one trigonometric
function:
(a) cos
2
3 sin
2
3

(b) 6sin2cos 2
(c)

(d) 2 4sin
2

(e) \ 1 + cos 2
(f) sin
2
cos
2

(g) 4sincos cos 2
(h)

(i) sin
4
2sin
2
cos
2
+ cos
4

2tan
2
1 tan
2

2
tan
sec
2
2
Solution:
(a) cos
2
3 sin
2
3 = cos ( 2 3 ) = cos 6

(b) 6sin2cos 2 = 3 ( 2sin2cos 2 ) = 3sin ( 2 2 ) = 3sin4
(c) = tan 2 = tan

2tan
2
1 tan
2


(d) 2 4sin
2
= 2 1 2sin
2
= 2cos 2
= 2cos
(e) \ 1 + cos 2 = \ 1 + ( 2cos
2
1 ) = \ 2cos
2
= 2cos

(f) sin
2
cos
2
= ( 4sin
2
cos
2
) = ( 2sincos )
2
= sin
2
2

(g) 4sincos cos 2
= 2 ( 2sincos ) cos 2
= 2sin2cos 2
= sin4 ( sin2A = 2sinAcos A with A = 2 )
(h) =

=

=

=

= tan2

(i) cos
4
2sin
2
cos
2
+ sin
4
= ( cos
2
sin
2
)
2
= cos
2
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
4
1
4
1
4
tan
sec
2
2
tan
( 1 + tan
2
) 2
tan
tan
2
1
tan
1 tan
2
1
2

2tan
1 tan
2
1
2
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that cos x = , find the exact value of cos 2x.

1
4
Solution:
cos 2x = 2cos
2
x 1 = 2
2
1 = 1 =

1
4

1
8
7
8
Solutionbank
Question:
Find the possible values of sin when cos 2 = .

23
25
Solution:
cos 2 = 1 2sin
2

So = 1 2sin
2

2sin
2
= 1 =

sin
2
=

sin =

23
25
23
25
2
25
1
25
1
5
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that cos x + sinx = m and cos x sinx = n, where m and n are constants,
write down, in terms of m and n, the value of cos 2x.
Solution:
cos x + sinx = m
cos x sinx = n
Multiply the equations:
( cos x + sinx ) ( cos x sinx ) = mn
cos
2
x sin
2
x = mn

cos 2x = mn
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that tan = , and that is acute:

(a) Find the exact value of
(i) tan 2
(ii) sin 2
(iii) cos 2
(b) Deduce the value of sin 4.
3
4
Solution:

The hypotenuse is 5,
so sin = , cos = , tan =

(a) (i) tan2 = = = = =

(ii) sin2 = 2sincos = 2 =

(iii) cos 2 = cos
2
sin
2
= =

(b) sin4 = 2sin2cos 2 = 2 =

3
5
4
5
3
4
2tan
1 tan
2
3
2
1
9
16
3
2
7
16
3
2
16
7
24
7
3
5
4
5
24
25
16
25
9
25
7
25
24
25
7
25
336
625
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that cos A = , and that A is obtuse:

(i) cos 2A
(ii) sin A
(iii) cosec 2A
(b) Show that tan2A = .

1
3
4 2
7
Solution:
(a) (i) cos 2A = 2cos
2
A 1 = 2
2
1 = 1 =

(ii) cos 2A = 1 2sin
2
A

= 1 2sin
2
A

2sin
2
A = 1 + =

sin
2
A =

sinA = ( 8 = 2 2 )

but A is in 2nd quadrant sin A is +ve.
So sinA =

(iii) cosec2A = = = = =

1
3

2
9
7
9
7
9
7
9
16
9
8
9
2 2
3
2 2
3
1
sin2A
1
2sinAcos A
1
2 ( )
2 2
3
1
3
9
4 2
9 2
8
(b) tan2A = = = =

sin2A
cos 2A

4 2
9

7
9
4 2
9
9
7
4 2
7
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that < < , find the value of tan when tan = .

3
2
2
3
4
Solution:
Using tan =

=

3 3tan
2
= 8tan

3tan
2
+ 8tan 3 = 0

3tan 1 tan + 3 = 0

so tan = or tan = 3

but < <

so < <

i.e. is in the 2nd quadrant

So tan is ve.

tan = 3

2tan
2
1 tan
2

2
3
4
2tan
2
1 tan
2

2
1
3
2
3
2
2
3
4
2
Solutionbank
Question:
In ABC, AB = 4cm, AC = 5cm, ABC = 2 and ACB = . Find the
value of , giving your answer, in degrees, to 1 decimal place.
Solution:

Using sine rule with =

=

=

Cancel sin as 0 or 180
So 2cos =

cos =

So = cos
1
= 51.3

sinB
b
sinC
c
sin2
5
sin
4
2sincos
5
sin
4
5
4
5
8
5
8
Solutionbank
Question:
In PQR, PQ = 3cm, PR = 6cm, QR = 5cm and QPR = 2.
(a) Use the cosine rule to show that cos 2 = .

(b) Hence find the exact value of sin .
5
9
Solution:

(a) Using cosine rule with cos P =

cos 2 = = =

(b) Using cos 2 = 1 2sin
2

= 1 2sin
2

2sin
2
= 1 =

sin
2
=

sin =

but sin cannot be negative for in a triangle
so sin =

q
2
+ r
2
p
2
2qr
36 + 9 25
2 6 3
20
36
5
9
5
9
5
9
4
9
2
9
2
3
2
3
Solutionbank
Question:
The line l, with equation y = x, bisects the angle between the x-axis and the
line y = mx, m > 0. Given that the scales on each axis are the same, and that l
makes an angle with the x-axis,
(a) write down the value of tan .
(b) Show that m = .

3
4
24
7
Solution:

(a) The gradient of line l is , which is tan.

So tan =

(b) The gradient of y = mx is m, and as y = x bisects the angle between y = mx
and x-axis
3
4
3
4
3
4
m = tan2 = = = = =

2tan
1 tan
2
2
3
4
1 ( )
2
3
4
3
2
7
16
3
2
16
7
24
7
Solutionbank
Exercise C, Question 1
Question:
Prove the following identities:
(a) cos A sinA

(b) 2cosec2A sin ( B A )

(c) tan

(d) sec2

(e) 2 ( sin
3
cos + cos
3
sin ) sin2

(f) 2

(g) cosec 2cot 2cos 2sin
(h) tan
2

(i) tan x

cos 2A
cos A + sinA
sinB
sinA
cos B
cos A
1 cos 2
sin2
sec
2
1 tan
2
sin3
sin
cos 3
cos
sec 1
sec + 1
1 sin2x
cos 2x
Solution:
(a) L.H.S.

cos A sinA R.H.S.
(b) L.H.S.

cos 2A
cos A + sinA
cos
2
A sin
2
A
cos A + sinA
( cos A + sinA ) ( cos A sinA )
cos A + sinA
sinB
sinA
cos B
cos A
sinBcos A cos BsinA
sinAcos A
3/9/2013 file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\c3_7_c_1.html

2cosec2Asin ( B A ) R.H.S.
(c) L.H.S.

tan R.H.S.
(d) L.H.S.

(as tan
2
= )

sec2 R.H.S.
(e) L.H.S. 2 ( sin
3
cos + cos
3
sin )

2sincos ( sin
2
+ cos
2
)

sin2 (since sin
2
+ cos
2
1 )

R.H.S.
(f) L.H.S.

sin ( B A )
( 2sinAcos A )
1
2
2sin ( B A )
sin2A
1 cos 2
sin2
1 ( 1 2sin
2
)
2sincos
2sin
2
2sincos
sin
cos
sec
2
1 tan
2
1
cos
2
( 1 tan
2
)
1
cos
2
sin
2
sin
2
cos
2
1
cos 2
sin3
sin
cos 3
cos
sin3cos cos 3sin
sincos
sin ( 3 )
sin2
1
2

2 R.H.S.
(g) L.H.S. cosec 2cot 2cos
cosec 2 cos

cosec

2sin R.H.S.
(h)

(i)
sin2
sin2
1
2
cos 2
sin2
2cos 2cos
2sincos
1
sin
cos 2
sin
1 cos 2
sin
1 ( 1 2sin
2
)
sin
2sin
2
sin

Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Show that tan + cot 2cosec2.
(b) Hence find the value of tan75 + cot 75 .
Solution:
(a) L.H.S. tan + cot
+

( sin
2
+ cos
2
1 )

2cosec2 R.H.S.
(b) Use = 75
tan75 + cot 75 = 2cosec150 = 2 = 2 = 4

sin
cos
cos
sin
sin
2
+ cos
2
sincos
2
2sincos
2
sin2
1
sin150
1
1
2
Solutionbank
Question:
Solve the following equations, in the interval shown in brackets. Give answers to
1 decimal place where appropriate.
(a) sin2 = sin { 0 2 {
(b) cos 2 = 1 cos { 180 < 180 {
(c) 3cos 2 = 2cos
2
{ 0 < 360 {

(d) sin4 = cos 2 { 0 {
(e) 2tan2ytany = 3 { 0 y < 360 {
(f) 3cos sin 1 = 0 0 < 720

(g) cos
2
sin2 = sin
2
{ 0 {

(h) 2sin = sec { 0 2 {
(i) 2sin2 = 3tan { 0 < 360 {
(j) 2tan = 3 ( 1 tan ) ( 1 + tan ) { 0 2 {
(k) 5sin2 + 4sin = 0 { 180 < 180 {
(l) sin
2
= 2sin2 { 180 < 180 {

(m) 4tan = tan2 { 0 < 360 {

`
)
Solution:
(a) sin2 = sin, 0 2
2sincos = sin
2sincos sin = 0
sin ( 2cos 1 ) = 0
sin = 0 or cos =

Solution set: 0 , , , , 2

(b) cos 2 = 1 cos , 180 < 180
2cos
2
1 = 1 cos

2cos
2
+ cos 2 = 0

cos =

As < 1, cos =

As cos is +ve, is in 1st and 4th quadrants.
Calculator solution is cos
1
= 38.7 .

Solutions are 38.7
(c) 3cos 2 = 2cos
2
, 0 < 360

3 ( 2cos
2
1 ) = 2cos
2

6cos
2
3 = 2cos
2

4cos
2
= 3

cos
2
=

cos =

will be in all four quadrants.
Solution set: 30, 150, 210, 330
(d) sin4 = cos 2, 0
2sin2cos 2 = cos 2
cos 2 ( 2sin2 1 ) = 0
cos 2 = 0 or sin2 =

cos 2 = 0 in 0 2 2
2 = , = ,

sin2 = in 0 2 2

1
2
3
5
3
1 \ 17
4
1 \ 17
4
1 + \ 17
4
|
\
1 + \ 17
4
|
3
4
3
2
1
2
2
3
2
4
3
4
1
2
2 = , = ,

Solution set: , , ,

(e) 2tan2ytany = 3, 0 y < 360
tany = 3

4tan
2
y = 3 3tan
2
y

7tan
2
y = 3

tan
2
y =

tany = \

y is in all four quadrants.
y = tan
1
\ , 180 + tan
1
\ , 180 + tan
1
\ , 360
+ tan
1
\

y = 33.2, 146.8, 213.2, 326.8
(f) 3cos sin 1 = 0, 0 720

3 1 2sin
2
sin 1 = 0

6sin
2
+ sin 2 = 0

3sin + 2 2sin 1 = 0

6
5
6
12
5
12
12
4
5
12
3
4
4tany
1 tan
2
y
3
7
3
7
3
7
|
\
3
7
|
3
7
|
\
3
7
|
2
|
\

2
|
2
|
\

2
|
|
\

2
|

sin = or sin =

sin = in 0 360

= 30 , 150 = 60 , 300

sin = in 0 360

= 180 sin
1
, 360 + sin
1
= 221.8,
318.2
= 443.6, 636.4
Solution set: 60, 300, 443.6, 636.4
(g) cos
2
sin2 = sin
2
, 0

cos
2
sin
2
= sin2

cos 2 = sin2
tan2 = 1 (divide both sides by cos 2)
tan2 = 1 in 0 2 2
2 = ,

= ,

(h) 2sin = sec, 0 2
2sin =

2sincos = 1
sin2 = 1
2
2
3
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
|
\
2
3
|
|
\
2
3
|
4
5
4
8
5
8
1
cos
sin2 = 1 in 0 2 4
2 = , (see graph)

= ,

(i) 2sin2 = 3tan, 0 < 360
4sincos =

4sincos
2
= 3sin

sin ( 4cos
2
3 ) = 0

sin = 0 or cos
2
=

sin = 0 = 0 , 180
cos
2
= cos = = 30, 150, 210, 330

Solution set: 0, 30, 150, 180, 210, 330
(j) 2tan = 3 ( 1 tan ) ( 1 + tan ) , 0 2
2tan = 3 ( 1 tan
2
)

3tan
2
+ 2tan 3 = 0

( 3tan 1 ) ( tan + 3 ) = 0
tan = or tan = 3

tan = , 0 2

= tan
1
, + tan
1
= ,

tan = 3, 0 2
2
5
2
4
5
4
3sin
cos
3
4
3
4
3
2
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
6
7
6

= + tan
1
( 3 ) , 2 + tan
1
( 3 ) = ,

Solution set: , , ,

(k) 5sin2 + 4sin = 0, 180 < 180
10sincos + 4sin = 0
2sin ( 5cos + 2 ) = 0
sin = 0 or cos =

sin = 0 = 0 , 180 (from graph)

Calculator value for cos
1
is 113.6

= 113.6
Solution set: 113.6, 0, 113.6, 180
(l) sin
2
= 2sin2, 180 < 180

sin
2
= 4sincos

sin ( sin 4cos ) = 0
2
3
5
3
6
2
3
7
6
5
3
2
5
|
\
2
5
|

sin = 0 or sin = 4cos
sin = 0 or tan = 4
sin = 0 = 0, 180
tan = 4 = tan
1
4, 180 + tan
1
4 = 76.0, 104.0

Solution set: 104.0, 0, 76.0, 180
(m) 4tan = tan2, 0 < 360
4tan =

2tan ( 1 tan
2
) = tan

tan ( 2 2tan
2
1 ) = 0

tan ( 1 2tan
2
) = 0

tan = 0 or tan = \

tan = 0 = 0, 180
tan = \ = 35.3, 144.7, 215.3, 324.7

Solution set: 0, 35.3, 144.7, 180, 215.3, 324.7
2tan
1 tan
2
1
2
1
2
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that p = 2cos and q = cos 2, express q in terms of p.
Solution:
p = 2cos cos =

cos 2 = q
Using cos 2 = 2cos
2
1

q = 2
2
1

q = 1

p
2

p
2

p
2
2
Solutionbank
Question:
Eliminate from the following pairs of equations:
(a) x = cos
2
, y = 1 cos 2

(b) x = tan, y = cot 2
(c) x = sin, y = sin2
(d) x = 3cos 2 + 1, y = 2sin
Solution:
(a) cos
2
= x, cos 2 = 1 y

Using cos 2 = 2cos
2
1

1 y = 2x 1
y = 2 2x = 2 ( 1 x ) (any form)
(b) y = cot 2 tan2 =

x = tan
Using tan2 =

=

2xy = 1 x
2
(any form)

(c) x = sin, y = 2sincos
y = 2xcos
cos =

Using sin
2
+ cos
2
1

x
2
+ = 1

4x
4
+ y
2
= 4x
2
or y
2
= 4x
2
( 1 x
2
) (any form)

1
y
2tan
1 tan
2
1
y
2x
1 x
2
y
2x
y
2
4x
2
(d) x = 3cos 2 + 1 cos 2 =

y = 2sin sin =

Using cos 2 = 1 2sin
2

= 1 = 1

2 ( x 1 ) = 6 3y
2
( 6 )

3y
2
= 6 2 ( x 1 ) = 8 2x

y
2
= (any form)

x 1
3
y
2
x 1
3
2y
2
4
y
2
2
2 ( 4 x )
3
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Prove that ( cos 2 sin2 )
2
1 sin4.

(b) Use the result to solve, for 0 < , the equation cos 2 sin2 = .

Give your answers in terms of .
1
2
Solution:
(a) L.H.S. ( cos 2 sin2 )
2

cos
2
2 2sin2cos 2 + sin
2
2

( cos
2
2 + sin
2
2 ) ( 2sin2cos 2 )

1 sin4 ( sin
2
A + cos
2
A 1 , sin2A 2sinAcos A )

R.H.S.
(b) You can use ( cos 2 sin2 )
2
=

but this also solves cos 2 sin2 =

so you need to check your final answers.
As ( cos 2 sin2 )
2
1 sin4

= 1 sin4

sin4 =

0 < , so 0 4 < 4
4 = , , ,

= , , ,

Checking these values in cos 2 sin2 =

eliminates , which apply to cos 2 sin2 =

Solutions are ,

1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
6
5
6
13
6
17
6
24
5
24
13
24
17
24
1
2
5
24
13
24
1
2
24
17
24
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Show that:
(i) sin

(ii) cos

(b) By writing the following equations as quadratics in tan , solve, in the
interval 0 360 :
(i) sin + 2cos = 1 (ii) 3cos 4sin = 2
Give answers to 1 decimal place.
2tan
2
1 + tan
2

2
1 tan
2

2
1 + tan
2

2
Solution:
(a) (i) R.H.S.

cos
2

2sin cos

sin ( sin2A = 2sinAcos A )
L.H.S.
2tan
2
1 + tan
2

2
2tan
2
sec
2

2
2sin
2
cos
2
(ii) R.H.S.

cos
2
1 tan
2

cos
2
sin
2
tan
2
=

cos ( cos 2A = cos
2
A sin
2
A )

L.H.S.
(b) Let tan = t

(i) sin + 2cos = 1
+ = 1

2t + 2 2t
2
= 1 + t
2

3t
2
2t 1 = 0

( 3t + 1 ) ( t 1 ) = 0
tan = or tan = 1 0 180

tan = 1 = 45 = 90

tan = = 161.56 = 323.1

Solution set: 90, 323.1
(ii) 3cos 4sin = 2
= 2

3 ( 1 t
2
) 8t = 2 ( 1 + t
2
)

5t
2
+ 8t 1 = 0

1 tan
2

2
1 + tan
2

2
1 tan
2

2
sec
2

2
sin
2

2
cos
2

2
2t
1 + t
2
2 ( 1 t
2
)
1 + t
2
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
3 ( 1 t
2
)
1 + t
2
4 2t
1 + t
2
t =

For tan = 0 180

= 6.65 = 13.3

For tan = 0 180

= 120.2 = 240.4

Solution set: 13.3, 240.4
8 \ 84
10
2
8 + \ 84
10
2
8 \ 84
10
2
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Using cos 2A 2cos
2
A 1 1 2sin
2
A, show that:

(i) cos
2

(ii) sin
2

(b) Given that cos = 0.6, and that is acute, write down the values of:
(i) cos

(ii) sin

(iii) tan

(c) Show that cos
4
( 3 + 4cos A + cos 2A )

x
2
1 + cos x
2
x
2
1 cos x
2
2
A
2
1
8
Solution:
(a) (i) Using cos 2A 2cos
2
A 1 with A =

cos x 2cos
2
1

2cos
2
1 + cos x

cos
2

(ii) Using cos 2A 1 2sin
2
A

cos x 1 2sin
2

2sin
2
1 cos x

sin
2

(b) Given that cos = 0.6 and acute
x
2
x
2
x
2
x
2
1 + cosx
2
x
2
x
2
x
2
1 cosx
2
(i) using (a) (i) cos
2
= = 0.8 =

cos = = (as acute)

(ii) using (a) (ii) sin
2
= = 0.2 =

sin = \ =

(iii) tan = = =

(c) Using (a) (i) and squaring
cos
4
=
2
=

but using (a) (i) again
cos
2
A = ( 1 + cos 2A )

So cos
4
= = =

2
1.6
2
4
5
2
2
5
2 5
5
2
0.4
2
1
5
2
1
5
5
5
2
sin
2
cos
2
5
5
5
2 5
1
2
A
2

1 + cos A
2

1 + 2cos A + cos
2
A
4
1
2
A
2
1 + 2cos A + ( 1 + cos 2A )
1
2
4
2 + 4cos A + 1 + cos 2A
8
3 + 4cos A + cos 2A
8
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Show that 3cos
2
x sin
2
x 1 + 2cos 2x.

(b) Hence sketch, for x , the graph of y = 3cos
2
x sin
2
x,
showing the coordinates of points where the curve meets the axes.
Solution:
(a) R.H.S. 1 + 2cos 2x
1 + 2 ( cos
2
x sin
2
x )

1 + 2cos
2
x 2sin
2
x

cos
2
x + sin
2
x + 2cos
2
x 2sin
2
x (using
sin
2
x + cos
2
x 1)

3cos
2
x sin
2
x

L.H.S.
(b) y = 3cos
2
x sin
2
x

is the same as y = 1 + 2cos 2x
Using your work on transformations this curve is the result of
(i) stretching y = cos x by scale factor in the x direction, then

(ii) stretching the result by scale factor 2 in the y direction, then
(iii) translating by 1 in the +ve y direction.

The curve crosses y-axis at (0, 3).
1
2
It crosses x-axis where y = 0
i.e. where 1 + 2cos 2x = 0 x
cos 2x = 2 2x 2

So 2x = , , ,

x = , , ,

1
2
4
3
2
3
2
3
4
3
2
3
3
2
3
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Express 2cos
2
4sin
2
in the form acos + b, where a and b are
constants.
(b) Hence solve 2cos
2
4sin
2
= 3, in the interval 0 < 360 ,
giving answers to 1 decimal place.
2
Solution:
(a) cos
2
= , sin
2
=

So 2cos
2
4sin
2
= ( 1 + cos ) 2 ( 1 cos ) = 3cos 1

(b) Hence solve 3cos 1 = 3, 0 < 360
3cos = 2
cos =

As cos is ve, is in 2nd and 3rd quadrants.
Calculator value is cos
1
= 131.8

Solutions are 131.8, 360 131.8 = 131.8 , 228.2
2
1 + cos
2
2
1 cos
2
2
2
3

2
3


Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Use the identity sin
2
A + cos
2
A 1 to show that sin
4
A + cos
4
A
( 2 sin
2
2A ) .

(b) Deduce that sin
4
A + cos
4
A ( 3 + cos 4A ) .

(c) Hence solve 8sin
4
+ 8cos
4
= 7, for 0 < < .

1
2
1
4
Solution:
(a) As sin
2
A + cos
2
A 1

so ( sin
2
A + cos
2
A )
2
1

sin
4
A + cos
4
A + 2sin
2
Acos
2
A 1

sin
4
A + cos
4
A 1 2sin
2
Acos
2
A

1 ( 4sin
2
Acos
2
A )

1 ( 2sinAcos A )
2

1 sin
2
2A

( 2 sin
2
2A )

(b) As cos 2A 1 2sin
2
A

so cos 4A 1 2sin
2
2A

so sin
2
2A

from (a) sin
4
A + cos
4
A 2
3 + cos 4A

1
2
1
2

1
2
1
2
1 cos 4A
2
1
2
|

\
1 cos 4A
2
|
|
1
2
|

\
4 1 + cos 4A
2
|
|
1
4
|

\
|
|

(c) Using part (b)
8sin
4
+ 8cos
4
= 7

8 ( 3 + cos 4 ) = 7

3 + cos 4 =

cos 4 =

Solve cos 4 = in 0 < 4 < 4

4 = , , ,

= , , ,

1
4
7
2
1
2
1
2
3
5
3
7
3
11
3
12
5
12
7
12
11
12
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) By expanding cos ( 2A + A ) show that cos 3A 4cos
3
A 3cos A.

(b) Hence solve 8cos
3
6cos 1 = 0, for { 0 360 { .

Solution:
(a) cos ( 2A + A ) cos 2Acos A sin2AsinA
( 2cos
2
A 1 ) cos A ( 2sinAcos A ) sinA

2cos
3
A cos A 2sin
2
Acos A

2cos
3
A cos A 2 ( 1 cos
2
A ) cos A

2cos
3
A cos A 2cos A + 2cos
3
A

4cos
3
A 3cos A

(b) 8cos
3
6cos 1 = 0 0 360

2 ( 4cos
3
3cos ) 1 = 0

2cos 3 1 = 0 [using part (a)]
cos 3 =

Solve cos 3 = in 0 3 1080

3 = 60 , 300, 420, 660, 780, 1020
= 20 , 100, 140, 220, 260, 340
1
2
1
2
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Show that tan3 .

(b) Given that is acute such that cos = , show that tan3 = .

3tan tan
3
1 3tan
2
1
3
10 2
23
Solution:
(a) tan3 tan 2 +

Numerator = + tan

Denominator = 1 tan

So tan3

(b) Draw a right-angled triangle.

Using Pythagoras' theorem
x
2
= 9 1 = 8

So x = 2 2
So tan = 2 2
Using part (a)

tan2 + tan
1 tan2tan
2tan
1 tan
2
2tan + tan tan

3
1 tan
2
3tan tan
3
1 tan
2
2tan
1 tan
2
1 tan
2
2tan
2
1 tan
2
1 3tan
2
1 tan
2
3tan tan
3
1 tan
2
1 tan
2
1 3tan
2
3tan tan
3
1 3tan
2

tan3 = = = =

3 ( 2 2 ) ( 2 2 )
3
1 3 ( 2 2 )
2
6 2 16 2
1 24
10 2
23
10 2
23
Solutionbank
Exercise D, Question 1
Question:
Given that 5sin + 12cos Rsin ( + ) , find the value of R, R > 0, and
the value of tan .
Solution:
5sin + 12cos Rsincos + Rcos sin
Comparing sin : Rcos = 5
Comparing cos Rsin = 12
Divide the equations:
= tan = 2

Square and add the equations:
R
2
cos
2
+ R
2
sin
2
= 5
2
+ 12
2

R
2
( cos
2
+ sin
2
) = 13
2

R = 13
since cos
2
+ sin
2
1

sin
cos
12
5
2
5
3/9/2013 file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\c3_7_d_1.html
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that 3sin + 6cos 3cos ( ) , where 0 < < 90 , find the
value of to the nearest 0.1.
Solution:
3sin + 6cos 3cos cos + 3sinsin
Comparing sin : 3 = 3sin
Comparing cos : 6 = 3cos
Divide by :
tan = =

So = 35.3
3
6
1
2
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that 2sin 5cos 3cos ( + ) , where 0 < < 90 , find the
value of to the nearest 0.1.
Solution:
2sin 5cos 3cos cos + 3sinsin
Comparing sin : 2 = 3sin
Comparing cos : + 5 = + 3cos
Divide by :
tan =

So = 41.8
2
5
Solutionbank
Question:
Show that:
(a) cos + sin 2sin +

(b) 3sin2 cos 2 2sin 2

Solution:
(a) R.H.S. 2sin +

2 sincos + cos sin

2 sin + cos

sin + cos
L.H.S.
(b) R.H.S. 2sin 2

2 sin2cos cos 2sin

2 sin2 cos 2

3sin2 cos 2
L.H.S.

1
2
1
2

3
2
1
2


Solutionbank
Question:
Prove that cos 2 3sin2 2cos 2 + 2sin 2 .

Solution:
Let cos 2 3sin2 Rcos ( 2 + ) Rcos 2cos Rsin2sin
Compare cos 2 : Rcos = 1
Compare sin2 : Rsin = 3
Divide by :
tan = 3 =

Square and add equations:
R
2
= 1 + 3 = 4

R = 2
So cos 2 3sin2 2cos 2 +

So cos 2 3sin2 2cos 2 + 2sin 2

cos ( 2 + )
3
cos 2cos sin2sin
3
cos 2 sin2
1
2
3
2
cos 2sin sin2cos
6
( sin2cos cos 2sin )
6
sin ( 2 )

Solutionbank
Question:
Give all angles to the nearest 0.1 and non-exact values of R in surd form.
Find the value of R, where R > 0, and the value of , where 0 < < 90 , in
each of the following cases:
(a) sin + 3cos Rsin ( + )
(b) 3sin 4cos Rsin ( )
(c) 2cos + 7sin Rcos ( )
(d) cos 2 2sin2 Rcos ( 2 + )
Solution:
(a) sin + 3cos Rsincos + Rcos sin
Compare sin : Rcos = 1
Compare cos : Rsin = 3
Dividing by :
tan = 3 = 71.6
R
2
= 3
2
+ 1
2
R = \ 10

(b) 3sin 4cos Rsincos Rcos sin
Divide by :
tan = = 53.1

R
2
= 3
2
+ 4
2
R = 5

(c) 2cos + 7sin Rcos cos + Rsinsin
Compare cos : Rcos = 2
Compare sin : Rsin = 7
Divide by :
tan = = 74.1

4
3
7
2
R
2
= 2
2
+ 7
2
= 53 R = \ 53

(d) cos 2 2sin2 Rcos 2cos Rsin2sin
Divide by :
tan = 2 = 63.4
R
2
= 1
2
+ 2
2
= 5 R = 5

Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Show that cos 3sin can be written in the form Rcos ( + ) , with
R > 0 and 0 < < .

(b) Hence sketch the graph of y = cos 3sin, 0 < < 2, giving the
coordinates of points of intersection with the axes.
2
Solution:
(a) Let cos 3sin Rcos ( + ) Rcos cos Rsinsin
Divide by : tan = 3 =

Square and add: R
2
= 1 + 3 = 4 R = 2

So cos 3sin 2cos +

(b) This is the graph of y = cos , translated by to the left and then stretched in
the y direction by scale factor 2.

Meets y-axis at (0, 1)
3
Meets x-axis at , 0 , , 0

7
6


Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Show that 3sin3 4cos 3 can be written in the form Rsin ( 3 ) , with
R > 0 and 0 < < 90 .
(b) Deduce the minimum value of 3sin3 4cos 3 and work out the smallest
positive value of (to the nearest 0.1) at which it occurs.
Solution:
(a) Let 3sin3 4cos 3 Rsin ( 3 ) Rsin3cos Rcos 3sin
Compare sin3 : Rcos = 3
Compare cos 3 : Rsin = 4
Divide by : tan = = 53.1

Square and add: R
2
= 3
2
+ 4
2
R = 5

So 3sin3 4cos 3 5sin ( 3 53.1 )
(b) Minimum value occurs when sin ( 3 53.1 ) = 1
So minimum value is 5
To find smallest +ve value of solve sin ( 3 53.1 ) = 1
So 3 53.1 = 270
3 = 323.1
= 107.7
4
3
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Show that cos 2 + sin2 can be written in the form Rsin ( 2 + ) , with
R > 0 and 0 < < .

(b) Hence solve, in the interval 0 < 2, the equation cos 2 + sin2 = 1,
giving your answers as rational multiples of .
2
Solution:
(a) Let cos 2 + sin2 Rsin ( 2 + ) Rsin2cos + Rcos 2sin
Compare cos 2 : Rsin = 1
Compare sin2 : Rcos = 1

Square and add: R
2
= 1
2
+ 1
2
= 2 R = 2

So cos 2 + sin2 2sin 2 +

(b) Solve 2sin 2 + = 1 , 0 < 2

so sin 2 + = , 2 + <

As sin 2 + is +ve, 2 + is in 1st and 2nd quadrants.

Calculator value is sin
1
=

1
2
4
17
4

1
2
4
So 2 + = , , ,

2 = 0, , 2,

= 0, , ,

4
3
4
9
4
11
4
2
5
2
4
5
4
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Express 7cos 24sin in the form Rcos ( + ) , with R > 0 and
0 < < 90 . Give to the nearest 0.1.
(b) The graph of y = 7cos 24sin meets the y-axis at P. State the coordinates of
P.
(c) Write down the maximum and minimum values of 7cos 24sin.
(d) Deduce the number of solutions, in the interval 0 < < 360 , of the following
equations:
(i) 7cos 24sin = 15
(ii) 7cos 24sin = 26
(iii) 7cos 24sin = 25
Solution:
(a) Let 7cos 24sin Rcos ( + ) Rcos cos Rsinsin

Square and add: R
2
= 24
2
+ 7
2
R = 25

So 7cos 24sin 25cos ( + 73.7 )
(b) Graph meets y-axis where = 0,
i.e. y = 7cos 0 24sin0 = 7
so coordinates are (0, 7)
(c) Maximum value of 25cos ( + 73.7 ) is when cos ( + 73.7 ) = 1
So maximum is 25
Minimum value is 25 ( 1 ) = 25
(d) (i) The line y = 15 will meet the graph twice in 0 < < 360 , so there are 2
solutions.
(ii) As the maximum value is 25 it can never be 26, so there are 0 solutions.
(iii) As 25 is a minimum, line y = 25 only meets curve once, so only 1
solution.
24
7
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Express 5sin
2
3cos
2
+ 6sincos in the form asin2 + bcos 2 + c,
where a, b and c are constants.
(b) Hence find the maximum and minimum values of
5sin
2
3cos
2
+ 6sincos .

Solution:
(a) As sin
2
= and cos
2
=

so 5sin
2
3cos
2
+ 6sincos

5 3 + 3 ( 2sincos )

cos 2 cos 2 + 3sin2

1 4cos 2 + 3sin2
(b) Write 3sin2 4cos 2 in the form Rsin ( 2 )
The maximum value of Rsin ( 2 ) is R
The minimum value of Rsin ( 2 ) is R
You know that R
2
= 3
2
+ 4
2
so R = 5

So maximum value of 1 4cos 2 + 3sin2 is 1 + 5 = 6
and minimum value of 1 4cos 2 + 3sin2 is 1 5 = 4
1 cos 2
2
1 + cos 2
2
1 cos 2
2
1 + cos 2
2
5
2
5
2
3
2
3
2
Solutionbank
Question:
Solve the following equations, in the interval given in brackets. Give all angles
to the nearest 0.1.
(a) 6sinx + 8cos x = 5 3 [0, 360]
(b) 2cos 3 3sin3 = 1 [0, 90]
(c) 8cos + 15sin = 10 [0, 360]
(d) 5sin 12cos = 6.5 [ 360 , 360]

x
2
x
2
Solution:
(a) Write 6sinx + 8cos x in the form Rsin ( x + ) , where R > 0, 0 < < 90
so 6sinx + 8cos x Rsinxcos + Rcos xsin
Compare sinx : Rcos = 6
Compare cos x : Rsin = 8

R
2
= 6
2
+ 8
2
R = 10

So 6sinx + 8cos x 10sin ( x + 53.13 )
Solve 10sin ( x + 53.13 ) = 5 3 , 0 x 360
so sin ( x + 53.13 ) =

x + 53.13 = 60 , 120
x = 6.9 , 66.9
(b) Let 2cos 3 3sin3 Rcos ( 3 + ) Rcos 3cos Rsin3sin

R
2
= 2
2
+ 3
2
R = \ 13

Solve \ 13cos ( 3 + 56.31 ) = 1 , 0 90
4
3
3
2
3
2
so cos ( 3 + 56.31 ) = for
56.31 3 + 56.31 326.31

3 + 56.31 = 106.1 , 253.9
3 = 49.8 , 197.6
= 16.6 , 65.9
(c) Let 8cos + 15sin Rcos ( ) Rcos cos + Rsinsin

R
2
= 8
2
+ 15
2
R = 17

Solve 17cos ( 61.93 ) = 10 , 0 360
so cos 61.93 = , 61.93 61.93 298.1

cos
1
= 53.97

So 61.93 = 53.97 , + 53.97
1
\ 13
15
8

10
17

10
17


= 8.0 , 115.9
(d) Let 5sin 12cos Rsin Rsin cos Rcos sin




R = 13
Solve 13sin 67.38 = 6.5 , 360 x 360

so sin 67.38 = , 247.4
67.4 112.6

From quadrant diagram:
67.4 = 150 , 30

= 82.6 , 37.4

x = 165.2 , 74.8
x
2
x
2

x
2

x
2
x
2
x
2
x
2
12
5

x
2

x
2

1
2
x
2
x
2
x
2
Solutionbank
Question:
Solve the following equations, in the interval given in brackets. Give all angles
to the nearest 0.1.
(a) sinxcos x = 1 2.5cos 2x [ 0 , 360 ]
(b) cot + 2 = cosec [ 0 < < 360, 180 ]
(c) sin = 2cos sec [ 0 , 180 ]
(d) 2cos + 3 1 sin = 2 [ 0 , 2 ]

Solution:
(a) sinxcos x = 1 2.5cos 2x, 0 x 360
sin2x = 1 2.5cos 2x

sin2x + 5cos 2x = 2
Let sin2x + 5cos 2x Rsin ( 2x + ) Rsin2xcos + Rcos 2xsin
Compare sin2x : Rcos = 1
Compare cos 2x : Rsin = 5
Divide by : tan = 5 = tan
1
5 = 78.7

R
2
= 5
2
+ 1
2
R = \ 26

Solve \ 26 sin ( 2x + 78.7 ) = 2, 0 x 360
sin 2x + 78.7 = , 78.7 2x + 78.7 798.7

1
2

2
\ 26
2x + 78.7 = 156.9 , 383.1, 516.9, 743.1
2x = 78.2 , 304.4, 438.2, 664.4
x = 39.1 , 152.2, 219.1, 332.2
(b) cot + 2 = cosec, 0 < < 360 , 180
+ 2 = (as sin 0)

cos + 2sin = 1
Let cos + 2sin Rcos ( ) Rcos cos + Rsinsin
Divide by : tan = 2 = 63.43
R
2
= 2
2
+ 1
2
R = 5

Solve 5cos ( 63.43 ) = 1 , 0 < < 360
cos ( 63.43 ) = , 63.43 < 63.43 < 296.6

63.43 = 63.43
= 126.9
(c) sin = 2cos sec, 0 180
sincos = 2cos
2
1 ( cos )

sin2 = cos 2

tan2 = 2, 0 2 360
2 = tan
1
2, 180 + tan
1
2 = 63.43 , 243.43

= 31.7 , 121.7
(d) 2cos + ( 3 1 ) sin

2 cos cos + sinsin + ( 3 1 ) sin

cos + sin + 3sin sin
cos + 3sin
Let cos + 3sin Rcos ( ) Rcos cos + Rsinsin

cos
sin
1
sin
1
5
1
2

3
R
2
= ( 3 )
2
+ 1
2
R = 2

Solve 2cos = 2 , 0 2

cos = 1 ,

= 0

=

3
5
3
3
Solutionbank
Question:
Solve, if possible, in the interval 0 < < 360 , 180 , the equation
= k in the case when k is equal to:

(a) 4
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) 0
(e) 1
Give all angles to the nearest 0.1.
4 2 2sin
1 + cos
Solution:
(a) When k = 4 , 4 2 2sin = 4 + 4cos
2 2sin = 4cos
tan = = 2

= 180 + tan
1
( 2 ) , 360 + tan
1
( 2 ) = 125.3 , 305.3

(b) When k = 2, 4 2 2sin = 2 + 2cos
2cos + 2 2sin = 2
cos + 2sin = 1
Using the R formula L.H.S. 3cos ( 54.74 )
4
2 2
Solve 3cos ( 54.74 ) = 1
cos 54.74 =

54.74 = 54.74
= 109.5
(c) When k = 1, 4 2 2sin = 1 + cos
cos + 2 2sin = 3
Using the R formula, cos + 2 2sin 3cos ( 70.53 )
Solve 3cos ( 70.53 ) = 3
cos ( 70.53 ) = 1
70.53 = 0
= 70.5
(d) When k = 0, 4 2 2sin = 0
sin = 2
No solutions as 1 sin 1
(e) When k = 1, 4 2 2sin = 1 cos
cos 2 2sin = 5
Using the R formula, cos 2 2sin 3cos ( + 70.53 )
This lies between 3 and +3, so there can be no solutions.

1
3
Solutionbank
Question:
Give all angles to the nearest 0.1 and non-exact values of R in surd form.
A class were asked to solve 3cos = 2 sin for 0 360 . One
student expressed the equation in the form Rcos ( ) = 2 , with R > 0 and
0 < < 90 , and correctly solved the equation.
(a) Find the values of R and and hence find her solutions.
Another student decided to square both sides of the equation and then form a
quadratic equation in sin .
(b) Show that the correct quadratic equation is 10sin
2
4sin 5 = 0.

(c) Solve this equation, for 0 < 360 .
(d) Explain why not all of the answers satisfy 3cos = 2 sin.
Solution:
(a) Let 3cos + sin Rcos ( ) Rcos cos + Rsinsin

R
2
= 3
2
+ 1
2
= 10 R = \ 10 = 3.16

Solve \ 10cos ( 18.43 ) = 2 , 0 360
cos ( 18.43 ) =

18.43 = 50.77 , 309.23
= 69.2 , 327.7
(b) Squaring 3cos = 2 sin
gives 9cos
2
= 4 + sin
2
4sin

9 ( 1 sin
2
) = 4 + sin
2
4sin

10sin
2
4sin 5 = 0

(c) 10sin
2
4sin 5 = 0

1
3
2
\ 10
sin =

For sin = , sin is +ve, so is in 1st and 2nd quadrants.

= 69.2 , 180 69.2 = 69.2 , 110.8
For sin = , sin is ve, so is in 3rd and 4th quadrants.

= 180 ( 32.3 ) , 360 + ( 32.3 ) = 212.3 , 327.7
So solutions of quadratic in (b) are 69.2, 110.8, 212.3, 327.7
(d) In squaring the equation, you are also including the solutions to 3cos =
( 2 sin ) , which when squared produces the same quadratic.
The extra two solutions satisfying this equation.
4 \ 216
20
4 + \ 216
20
4 \ 216
20
Solutionbank
Exercise E, Question 1
Question:
(a) Show that sin ( A + B ) + sin ( A B ) 2sinAcos B .
(b) Deduce that sinP + sinQ 2sin cos .

(c) Use part (a) to express the following as the sum of two sines:
(i) 2 sin 7 cos 2
(ii) 2 sin 12 cos 5
(d) Use the result in (b) to solve, in the interval 0 180 , sin3 + sin = 0.
(e) Prove that .

P + Q
2

P Q
2

sin7 + sin
sin5 + sin3
cos 3
cos
Solution:
(a) sin ( A + B ) + sin ( A B ) sinAcos B + cos AsinB + sinAcos B cos AsinB
2sinAcos B
(b) Let P = A + B and Q = A B, so A = , B =

Substitute in (a): sinP + sinQ 2sin cos

(c) (i) 2sin7cos 2 sin ( 7 + 2 ) + sin ( 7 2 ) [from (a)]
sin9 + sin5
(ii) 2sin12sin5 sin ( 12 + 5 ) + sin ( 12 5 ) sin17 + sin7
(d) sin3 + sin = 0 2sin cos = 0

so 2sin2cos = 0
sin2 = 0 or cos = 0
sin2 = 0 in 0 2 360
2 = 0 , 180, 360
= 0 , 90, 180
cos = 0 in 0 180 = 90
Solution set: 0, 90, 180
(e)
P + Q
2
P Q
2

P + Q
2

P Q
2

3 +
2

3
2


3/9/2013 file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\c3_7_e_1.html

Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Show that sin ( A + B ) sin ( A B ) 2cos AsinB .
(b) Express the following as the difference of two sines:
(i) 2cos 5xsin3x
(ii) cos 2xsinx
(iii) 6cos xsin x

(c) Using the result in (a) show that sinP sinQ 2cos sin .

(d) Deduce that sin56 sin34 = 2sin11 .
3
2
1
2

P + Q
2

P Q
2

Solution:
(a) sin ( A + B ) sin ( A B ) sinAcos B + cos AsinB
( sinAcos B cos AsinB )
2cos AsinB
(b) (i) 2cos 5xsin3x sin ( 5x + 3x ) sin ( 5x 3x ) sin8x sin2x
(ii) cos 2xsinx [ sin ( 2x + x ) sin ( 2x x ) ] ( sin3x sinx )

(iii) 6cos xsin x 3 sin x + x sin x x 3
( sin2x sinx )
(c) In (a) let P = A + B and Q = A B, so A = , B =

So sinP sinQ 2cos sin

(d) sin56 sin34 = 2cos sin

= 2cos 45 sin11 = 2 sin11 = 2sin11

1
2
1
2
3
2
1
2

3
2
1
2

3
2
1
2

P + Q
2
P Q
2

P + Q
2

P Q
2

56 + 34
2

56 34
2

1
2
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Show that cos ( A + B ) + cos ( A B ) 2cos Acos B .
(b) Express as a sum of cosines (i) 2cos cos

(ii) 5cos 2xcos 3x
(c) Show that cos P + cos Q 2cos cos .

(d) Prove that tan.

5
2
P + Q
2

P Q
2

sin3 sin
cos 3 + cos
Solution:
(a) cos ( A + B ) + cos ( A B ) cos Acos B sinAsinB + cos Acos B + sinAsinB
2cos Acos B
(b) Hence, using (a),
(i) 2cos cos cos + + cos cos 3 + cos 2

(ii) 5cos 2xcos 3x ( 2cos 3xcos 2x )

[ cos ( 3x + 2x ) + cos ( 3x 2x ) ]
( cos 5x + cos x )
(c) In (a) let P = A + B, Q = A B, so A = , B =

So cos P + cos Q 2cos cos

(d)

5
2
5
2
5
2
5
2
5
2
5
2
P + Q
2
P Q
2

P + Q
2

P Q
2


Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Show that cos ( A + B ) cos ( A B ) 2sinAsinB .
(b) Hence show that cos P cos Q 2sin sin .

(c) Deduce that cos 2 1 2sin
2
.

(d) Solve, in the interval 0 180 , cos 3 + sin2 cos = 0.

P + Q
2

P Q
2

Solution:
(a) cos ( A + B ) cos ( A B ) cos Acos B sinAsinB ( cos Acos B + sinAsinB )
cos Acos B sinAsinB cos Acos B sinAsinB 2sinAsinB
(b) Let P = A + B, Q = A B, so A = , B =

then cos P cos Q 2sin sin

(c) Let P = 2, Q = 0
then cos 2 cos 0 2sinsin
cos 2 1 2sin
2

(d) As cos 3 cos 2sin sin

cos 3 cos 2sin2sin
So cos 3 + sin2 cos = 0
sin2 2sin2sin = 0
sin2 ( 1 2sin ) = 0
sin2 = 0 or sin =

For sin = , = 30 , 150

For sin2 = 0, 2 = 0 , 180, 360
So = 0 , 90, 180
Solution set: 0, 30, 90, 150, 180
P + Q
2
P Q
2

P + Q
2

P Q
2

3 +
2

3
2

1
2
1
2
Solutionbank
Question:
Express the following as a sum or difference of sines or cosines:
(a) 2sin8xcos 2x
(b) cos 5xcos x
(c) 3sinxsin7x
(d) cos 100 cos 40
(e) 10cos sin

(f) 2sin30 cos 10
3x
2
x
2
Solution:
(a) 2sin8xcos 2x sin ( 8x + 2x ) + sin ( 8x 2x )
sin10x + sin6x [question 1(a)]
(b) cos 5xcos x ( 2cos 5xcos x ) [question 3(a)]

[ cos ( 5x + x ) + cos ( 5x x ) ]
( cos 6x + cos 4x )
(c) 3sinxsin7x ( 2sin7xsinx ) [question 4(a)]

[ cos ( 7x + x ) cos ( 7x x ) ]
( cos 8x cos 6x )
(d) cos 100 cos 40 ( 2cos 100 cos 40 )

[ cos ( 100 + 40 )
+ cos ( 100 40 )
]
( cos 140 + cos 60 )

1
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
(e) 10cos sin 5 2cos sin [question 2(a)]

5 sin + sin 5
sin2x sinx

(f) 2sin30 cos 10 sin ( 30 + 10 ) + sin ( 30 10 )
sin40 + sin20
3x
2
x
2
|
\
3x
2
x
2
|
|

\
3x
2
x
2
|
|
|

\
3x
2
x
2
|
|
(
(
|
\
|

Solutionbank
Question:
Show, without using a calculator, that 2sin82 cos 37 =
3 + 2 .

1
2
1
2
1
2

Solution:
2sin82 cos 37 = sin 82 + 37 + sin 82 37

= sin120 + sin45
= sin60 + sin45
= +

= 3 + 2

1
2
1
2

1
2
1
2

1
2
1
2

3
2
2
2
1
2


Solutionbank
Question:
Express, in their simplest form, as a product of sines and/or cosines:
(a) sin12x + sin8x
(b) cos ( x + 2y ) cos ( 2y x )
(c) ( cos 4x + cos 2x ) sinx
(d) sin95 sin5
(e) cos + cos

(f) sin150 + sin20
15
12
Solution:
(a) sin12x + sin8x 2sin cos

2sin10xcos 2x
(b) cos ( x + 2y ) cos ( 2y x ) 2sin sin

2sin2ysinx
(c) cos 4x + cos 2x 2cos cos

2cos 3xcos x
So ( cos 4x + cos 2x ) sinx 2cos 3xcos xsinx
cos 3x ( 2sinxcos x ) sin2xcos 3x
(d) sin95 sin5 2cos sin

2cos 50 sin45 2cos 50
|
\
12x + 8x
2
|
|
\
12x 8x
2
|
( x + 2y ) + ( 2y x )
2
(
(
( x + 2y ) ( 2y x )
2
(
(
|
\
4x + 2x
2
|
|
\
4x 2x
2
|
|
\
95 + 5
2
|
|
\
95 5
2
|

(e) cos + cos 2cos cos

2cos cos 2cos cos

(f) sin150 + sin20 2sin cos

2sin85 cos 65
15
12
|

\
+
15
12
2
|
|
|

\

15
12
2
|
|
9
120
|
\

120
|
9
120
120
|
\
150 + 20
2
|
|
\
150 20
2
|

Solutionbank
Question:
Using the identity cos P + cos Q 2cos cos , show that
cos + cos + + cos + = 0 .

|
\
P + Q
2
|
|
\
P Q
2
|
|
\
2
3
|
|
\
4
3
|
Solution:
cos + cos + + cos +

cos + + cos + cos +

2cos cos + cos +

2cos + cos + cos +

2cos + + cos +

cos + + cos +

0
|
\
2
3
|
|
\
4
3
|
|
\
4
3
|
|
\
2
3
|
( + ) +
4
3
2
(
(
( + )
4
3
2
(
(
|

\
2
3
|
|
|
\
2
3
|
2
3
|
\
2
3
|
|
\
2
3
|
|
\
1
2
|
|
\
2
3
|
|
\
2
3
|
|
\
2
3
|

Solutionbank
Question:
Prove that = 3.

sin75 + sin15
cos 15 cos 75
Solution:
sin75 + sin15 = 2sin
cos
= 2sin45
cos 30
cos 15 cos 75 = ( cos 75 cos 15 )
= 2sin
sin

= 2sin45 sin30
So = = cot 30 = = 3

|
\
75 + 15
2
|
|
\
75 15
2
|
|
\
75 + 15
2
|
|
\
75 15
2
|
(
(
sin75 + sin15
cos 15 cos 75
2sin45 cos 30
2sin45 sin30
1
tan30
Solutionbank
Question:
Solve the following equations:
(a) cos 4x = cos 2x, for 0 x 180
(b) sin3 sin = 0, for 0 2
(c) sin ( x + 20 ) + sin ( x 10 ) = cos 15 , for 0 x 360
(d) sin3 sin = cos 2, for 0 2
Solution:
(a) cos 4x cos 2x = 0
2sin sin = 0

sin3xsinx = 0
sin3x = 0 or sinx = 0, 0 x 180
sinx = 0, 0 x 180
x = 0 , 180
sin3x = 0, 0 3x 540
3x = 0 , 180, 360, 540
x = 0 , 60, 120, 180
Solution set: 0, 60, 120, 180
(b) sin3 sin = 0
2cos sin = 0

2cos 2sin = 0, 0 2
sin = 0, 0 2 = 0, , 2
cos 2 = 0, 0 2 4
2 = , , ,

= , , ,

|
\
4x + 2x
2
|
|
\
4x 2x
2
|
|
\
3 +
2
|
|
\
3
2
|
2
3
2
5
2
7
2
4
3
4
5
4
7
4
Solution set: 0, , , , , , 2

(c) sin x + 20 + sin x 10 2sin cos

2sin ( x + 5 ) cos 15
So sin ( x + 20 ) + sin ( x 10 ) = cos 15 , 0 x 360
2sin ( x + 5 ) = 1
So sin x + 5 = , 5 ( x + 5 ) 365

x + 5 = 30 , 150
x = 25 , 145
(d) sin3 sin 2cos sin

2cos 2sin
So sin3 sin = cos 2
2cos 2sin = cos 2
cos 2 ( 2sin 1 ) = 0
cos 2 = 0 or sin =

sin = , 0 2

= ,

cos 2 = 0, 0 2 4
2 = , , ,

= , , ,

Solution set: , , , , ,

4
3
4
5
4
7
4
|

\
|
|
|

\
|
|
|

\
x + 20 + x 10
2
|
|
x + 20 ( x 10 )
2
(
(
|
\
|
1
2
|
\
3 +
2
|
|
\
3
2
|
1
2
1
2
6
5
6
2
3
2
5
2
7
2
4
3
4
5
4
7
4
4
3
4
5
6
5
4
7
4
Solutionbank
Question:
Prove the identities
(a) 4cos 5

(b) cot

(c) sin
2
( x + y ) sin
2
( x y ) sin2xsin2y

(d) cos x + 2cos 3x + cos 5x 4cos
2
xcos 3x

sin7 sin3
sincos
cos2 + cos 4
sin2 sin4
Solution:
(a) L.H.S.

4cos 5
R.H.S.
(b) L.H.S.

sin7 sin3
sincos
2cos ( 7 + 3 ) sin ( 7 3 )
1
2
1
2
( 2sincos )
1
2
2cos 5sin2
sin2
1
2
cos2 + cos 4
sin2 sin4
2cos ( 4 + 2 ) cos ( 4 2 )
1
2
1
2
2cos ( 2 + 4 ) sin ( 2 4 )
1
2
1
2
2cos 3cos
2cos 3sin ( )
[as sin ( ) sin ]

cot
R.H.S.
(c) L.H.S. sin
2
( x + y ) sin
2
( x y )

[ sin ( x + y ) + sin ( x y ) ] [ sin ( x + y ) sin ( x y ) ]

2sin cos 2cos
sin

( 2sinxcos y ) ( 2cos xsiny )
( 2sinxcos x ) ( 2sinycos y )
sin2xsin2y
R.H.S.
(d) L.H.S. cos x + 2cos 3x + cos 5x
cos 5x + cos x + 2cos 3x
2cos cos + 2cos 3x

2cos 3xcos 2x + 2cos 3x
2cos 3x ( cos 2x + 1 )
2cos 3x ( 2cos
2
x 1 + 1 ) ( cos 2x 2cos
2
x 1 )

2cos 3x 2cos
2
x

4cos
2
xcos 3x

R.H.S.
cos
sin

|

\
x + y + x y
2
|
|
|

\
x + y x + y
2
|
|
(
(
|

\
x + y + x y
2
|
|
|

\
x + y x + y
2
|
|
(
(
|
\
5x + x
2
|
|
\
5x x
2
|

Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Prove that cos + sin2 cos 3 sin2 ( 1 + 2sin ) .
(b) Hence solve, for 0 2, cos + sin2 = cos 3.
Solution:
(a) L.H.S. cos + sin2 cos 3
( cos 3 cos ) + sin2
2sin sin + sin2

2sin2sin + sin2
sin2 ( 2sin + 1 )
R.H.S.
(b) So to solve cos + sin2 = cos 3
or cos + sin2 cos 3 = 0
solve sin2 ( 1 + 2sin ) = 0 [using (a)]
Either sin2 = 0
2 = 0, , 2, 3, 4
= 0, , , , 2

or sin =

= sin
1
, 2 + sin
1
= + , 2

3 +
2

3
2

2
3
2
1
2

1
2

1
2

6
= ,

Solution set: 0, , , , , , 2

6
7
6
11
6
2
7
6
3
2
11
6
Solutionbank
Exercise F, Question 1
Question:
The lines l
1
and l
2
, with equations y = 2x and 3y = x 1 respectively, are drawn
on the same set of axes. Given that the scales are the same on both axes and that
the angles that l
1
and l
2
make with the positive x-axis are A and B respectively,
(a) write down the value of tan A and the value of tan B;
(b) without using your calculator, work out the acute angle between l
1
and l
2
.

Solution:
(a) tanA = 2, tanB = since y = x

(b) The angle required is (A B).
Using tan ( A B ) = = = = 1

A B = 45
1
3
1
3
1
3
tanA tanB
1 + tanAtanB
2
1
3
1 + 2
1
3
5
3
5
3
3/9/2013 file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\c3_7_f_1.html
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that sinx = where x is acute, and that cos ( x y ) = siny , show that tany =
.

1
5
5 + 1
2
Solution:
As cos ( x y ) = siny
cos xcos y + sinxsiny = siny
Draw a right-angled triangle where sinx =

Using Pythagoras' theorem,
a
2
= ( 5 )
2
1 = 4 a = 2

So cos x =

Substitute into :
cos y + siny = siny

2cos y + siny = 5siny
2cos y = siny ( 5 1 )
= tany tany =

tany = = =

1
5
2
5
2
5
1
5
2
5 1

siny
cos y

2 ( 5 + 1 )
( 5 1 ) ( 5 + 1 )
2 ( 5 + 1 )
4
5 + 1
2
Solutionbank
Question:
Using tan2 = with an appropriate value of ,

(a) show that tan = 2 1.

(b) Use the result in (a) to find the exact value of tan .

2tan
1 tan
2
8
3
8
Solution:
(a) Using tan2 = with =

tan =

Let t = tan

So 1 =

1 t
2
= 2t

t
2
+ 2t 1 = 0

t = = = 1 2

As is acute, tan is +ve, so tan = 2 1

(b) tan = tan + =

= = = =
2tan
1 tan
2
4
2tan
8
1 tan
2

8
2t
1 t
2
2 8
2
2 2 2
2
8
3
8

tan + tan
8
1 tan tan
8
1 + ( 2 1 )
1 ( 2 1 )
2
2 2
2 ( 2 + 2 )
( 2 2 ) ( 2 + 2 )
2
2
( 2 + 2 ) = 2 + 1
Solutionbank
Question:
In ABC, AB = 5 cm and AC = 4 cm, ABC = ( 30 ) and
ACB = + 30 . Using the sine rule, show that tan = 3 3.

Solution:

Using =

=

5sin ( 30 ) = 4sin ( + 30 )
5 ( sincos 30 cos sin30 ) = 4 ( sincos 30
+ cos sin30 )
sincos 30 = 9cos sin30
= 9 = 9tan30

tan = 9 = 3 3

sinB
b
sinC
c
sin ( 30 )
4
sin ( + 30 )
5
sin
cos
sin30
cos 30
3
3
Solutionbank
Question:
Two of the angles, A and B, in ABC are such that tanA = , tanB = .

(i) sin ( A + B )
(ii) tan2B
(b) By writing C as 180 ( A + B ) , show that cos C = .

3
4
5
12
33
65
Solution:
(a) Draw right-angled triangles.

sinA = , cos A = sinB = , cos B =

(i) sin ( A + B ) = sinAcos B + cos AsinB
= + =

(ii) tan2B = = = = =

(b) cos C = cos [ 180 ( A + B ) ] = cos ( A + B )
3
5
4
5
5
13
12
13
3
5
12
13
4
5
5
13
56
65
2tanB
1 tan
2
B
2
5
12
1 ( )
2
5
12
5
6
119
144
5
6
144
119
120
119
= ( cos Acos B sinAsinB ) =
=

4
5
12
13
3
5
5
13


Solutionbank
Question:
Show that
(a) seccosec 2cosec2
(b) sec
2
x 1

(c) cot 2cot 2 tan
(d) cos
4
2 sin
4
2 cos 4

(e) tan + x tan x 2tan2x

(f) sin ( x + y ) sin ( x y ) cos
2
y cos
2
x

(g) 1 + 2cos 2 + cos 4 4cos
2
cos 2

1 cos2x
1 + cos2x

Solution:
(a) L.H.S. seccosec

2cosec2
R.H.S.
(b) L.H.S.

1
cos
1
sin
2
2sincos
2
sin2
1 cos2x
1 + cos2x
1 ( 1 2sin
2
x )
1 + ( 2cos
2
x 1 )
2sin
2
x
2cos
2
x
tan
2
x

sec
2
x 1 ( 1 + tan
2
x sec
2
x )

R.H.S.
(c) L.H.S. cot 2cot 2

tan
R.H.S.
(d) L.H.S. cos
4
2 sin
4
2

( cos
2
2 + sin
2
2 ) ( cos
2
2 sin
2
2 )

( 1 ) ( cos 4 ) ( cos
2
A + sin
2
A 1 ,
cos
2
A sin
2
A cos 2A )

cos 4
R.H.S.
(e) L.H.S. tan + x tan x

2

2tan2x
R.H.S.
(f) R.H.S. cos
2
y cos
2
x

1
tan
2
tan2
1
tan
2 ( 1 tan
2
)
2tan
1 1 + tan
2
tan
tan
2
tan

1 + tanx
1 tanx
1 tanx
1 + tanx
( 1 + tanx )
2
( 1 tanx )
2
( 1 tanx ) ( 1 + tanx )
1 + 2tanx + tan
2
x ( 1 2tanx + tan
2
x )
1 tan
2
x
4tanx
1 tan
2
x

2tanx
1 tan
2
x


( cos y + cos x ) ( cos y cos x )
2cos cos 2sin
sin

2cos cos 2sin sin
[as sin ( ) = sin ]

2sin cos 2sin cos

sin2 sin2

sin ( x + y ) sin ( x y )
L.H.S.
(g) L.H.S. 1 + 2cos 2 + cos 4
1 + 2cos 2 + ( 2cos
2
2 1 )

2cos 2 + 2cos
2
2

2cos 2 ( 1 + cos 2 )
2cos 2 [ 1 + ( 2cos
2
1 ) ]

4cos
2
cos 2

R.H.S.

x + y
2

x y
2

x + y
2

y x
2

x + y
2

x y
2

x + y
2

x y
2

x + y
2

x + y
2

x y
2

x y
2

x + y
2

x y
2


Solutionbank
Question:
The angles x and y are acute angles such that sinx = and cos y =

(a) Show that cos 2x = .

(b) Find the value of cos 2y.
(c) Show without using your calculator, that
(i) tan ( x + y ) = 7
(ii) x y =

2
5
3
\ 10
3
5
4
Solution:
(a) cos 2x 1 2sin
2
x = 1 2
2
= 1 =

(b) cos 2y 2cos
2
y 1 = 2
2
1 = 2 1 =

(c)
(i) tan ( x + y ) = = = = 7

2
5

8
5
3
5

3
\ 10

9
10

4
5
tanx + tany
1 tanxtany
2
1
3
1
2
3
7
3
1
3
(ii) tan ( x y ) = = = 1

As x and y are acute, x y = (it cannot be )

tanx tany
1 + tanxtany
5
3
5
3
4
5
4
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that sinxcos y = and cos xsiny = ,

(a) show that sin ( x + y ) = 5sin ( x y ) .
Given also that tany = k, express in terms of k:
(b) tan x
(c) tan 2x
1
2
1
3
Solution:
(a) sin ( x + y ) sinxcos y + cos xsiny = + =

5sin ( x y ) 5 ( sinxcos y cos xsiny ) = 5 = 5 =

(b) = =

=

so tanx = tany = k

(c) tan2x = = =

1
2
1
3
5
6

1
2
1
3

1
6
5
6
sinxcos y
cosxsiny
1
2
1
3
3
2
tanx
tany
3
2
3
2
3
2
2tanx
1 tan
2
x
3k
1 k
2
9
4

12k
4 9k
2


Solutionbank
Question:
Solve the following equations in the interval given in brackets:
(a) 3sin2 + 2sin
2
= 1 { 0 {

(b) sin3 cos 2 = sin2cos 3 { 0 2 {
(c) sin ( + 40 ) + sin ( + 50 ) = 0 { 0 360 {
(d) sin
2
= 2sin { 0 360 {

(e) 2sin = 1 + 3cos { 0 360 {
(f) cos 5 = cos 3 { 0 {
(g) cos 2 = 5sin { { .
2
Solution:
(a) 3sin2 = 1 2sin
2
, 0

3sin2 = cos 2
tan2 = , 0 2 2

2 = , + = ,

= ,

(b) sin3cos 2 cos 3sin2 = 0
sin ( 3 2 ) = 0
sin = 0, 0 2
= 0, , 2
(c) sin ( + 40 ) + sin ( + 50 ) = 0 , 0 360
2sin cos
1
3
6
7
6
12
7
12

( + 40 ) + ( + 50 )
2

( + 40 ) ( + 50 )
2


= 0
2sin ( + 45 ) cos ( 5 ) = 0
sin ( + 45 ) = 0 , 45 + 45 405
+ 45 = 180 , 360
= 135 , 315
(d) sin
2
= 2 2sin cos sin = 2sin cos

sin sin 4cos = 0

sin = 0 or sin = 4cos , i.e. tan = 4

For sin = 0 = 0 , 180 = 0 , 360

For tan = 4 = tan
1
4 = 75.96 = 151.9

Solution set: 0, 151.9, 360
(e) 2sin 3cos = 1
Let 2sin 3cos Rsin ( ) Rsincos Rcos sin
Rcos = 2 and Rsin = 3
tan = ( = 56.3 ) , R = \ 13

\ 13sin ( 56.3 ) = 1
sin ( 56.3 ) =

56.3 = sin
1
, 180 sin
1
= 16.1 , 163.9

= 72.4 , 220.2
(f) cos 5 cos 3 = 0
2sin sin = 0

sin4sin = 0, 0
sin = 0 = 0,
or sin4 = 0 4 = 0, , 2, 3, 4
= 0, , , ,

2
3
2
1
\ 13
1
\ 13
1
\ 13

5 + 3
2

5 3
2

2
3
4
Solution set: 0, , , ,

(g) cos 2 = 5sin
1 2sin
2
= 5sin

2sin
2
+ 5sin 1 = 0

sin =

As 1 sin 1, sin =

In radian mode: = 0.187, 0.187 = 0.187, 2.95
2
3
4
5 \ 33
4
5 + \ 33
4
Solutionbank
Question:
The first three terms of an arithmetic series are 3cos , sin ( 30 ) and
sin , where is acute. Find the value of .
Solution:
As the three values are consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression,
sin ( 30 ) 3cos = sin sin ( 30 )
2sin ( 30 ) = sin + 3cos
2 ( sincos 30 cos sin30 ) = sin + 3cos
3sin cos = sin + 3cos
sin ( 3 1 ) = cos ( 3 + 1 )
tan =

Calculator value is = tan
1
= 75

No other values as is acute.
3 + 1
3 1
3 + 1
3 1
Solutionbank
Question:
Solve, for 0 360 , cos ( + 40 ) cos ( 10 ) = 0.5 .
Solution:
2cos ( + 40 ) cos ( 10 ) = 1
cos + 40 + 10 + cos + 40
10 = 1

cos ( 2 + 30 ) + cos 50 = 1
cos ( 2 + 30 ) = 1 cos 50 = 0.3572
2 + 30 = 69.07 , 290.9, 429.07, 650.9
2 = 39.07 , 260.9, 399.07, 620.9
= 19.5 , 130.5, 199.5, 310.5


Solutionbank
Question:
Without using calculus, find the maximum and minimum value of the following
expressions. In each case give the smallest positive value of at which each
occurs.
(a) sincos 10 cos sin10
(b) cos 30 cos sin30 sin
(c) sin + cos
Solution:
(a) sincos 10 cos sin10 = sin ( 10 ) [ sin ( A B ) ]
Maximum value = + 1 when 10 = 90 = 100
Minimum value = 1 when 10 = 270 = 280
(b) cos 30 cos sin30 sin = cos ( + 30 )
Maximum value = + 1 when + 30 = 360 = 330
Minimum value = 1 when + 30 = 180 = 150
(c) sin + cos
= 2 sin + cos

= 2 ( sincos 45 + cos sin45 )
= 2sin ( + 45 )
Maximum value = 2 when + 45 = 90 = 45
Minimum value = 2 when + 45 = 270 = 225

1
2
1
2


Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Express sinx 3cos x in the form Rsin ( x ) , with R > 0 and 0 < < 90 .
(b) Hence sketch the graph of y = sinx 3cos x { 360 x 360 { ,
giving the coordinates of all points of intersection with the axes.
Solution:
(a) Let sinx 3cos x Rsin ( x ) Rsinxcos Rcos xsin
R > 0, 0 < < 90
Compare sinx : Rcos = 1
Compare cos x : Rsin = 3
Divide by : tan = 3 = 60
R
2
= ( 3 )
2
+ 1
2
= 4 R = 2

So sinx 3cos x 2sin ( x 60 )
(b) Sketch y = 2sin ( x 60 ) by first translating y = sinx by 60 to the right and then
stretching the result in the y direction by scale factor 2.

Graph meets y-axis when x = 0, i.e. y = 2sin ( 60 ) = 3
Graph meets x-axis when y = 0, i.e. ( 300 , 0), ( 120 , 0), (60, 0), 240, 0)
Solutionbank
Question:
Given that 7cos 2 + 24sin2 Rcos ( 2 ) , where R > 0 and 0 < < ,
find:
(a) the value of R and the value of , to 2 decimal places
(b) the maximum value of 14cos
2
+ 48sincos

2
Solution:
(a) Let 7cos 2 + 24sin2 Rcos ( 2 ) Rcos 2cos + Rsin2sin
R > 0, 0 < <

Divide by : tan = = 1.29 (1.287)

R
2
= 24
2
+ 7
2
R = 25

So 7cos 2 + 24sin2 25cos ( 2 1.29 )
(b) 14cos
2
+ 48sincos

14 + 24 ( 2sincos )

7 ( 1 + cos 2 ) + 24sin2
7 + 7cos 2 + 24sin2
The maximum value of 7cos 2 + 24sin2 is 25 [using (a) with cos
( 2 1.29 ) = 1 ].
So maximum value of 7 + 7cos 2 + 24sin2 = 7 + 25 = 32.
2
24
7

1 + cos 2
2


Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Given that is acute and tan = , prove that

3sin ( + ) + 4cos ( + ) 5cos
(b) Given that sinx = 0.6 and cos x = 0.8, evaluate cos ( x + 270 )
and cos
( x + 540 )
.

3
4
Solution:
(a) Draw a right-angled triangle and find sin and cos .

sin = , cos =

So 3sin ( + ) + 4cos ( + )
3 ( sincos + cos sin ) + 4 ( cos cos sinsin )
3 sin + cos + 4 cos sin

sin + cos + cos sin

cos

5cos
(b) cos ( x + 270 )
cos x cos 270 sinx sin270

= ( 0.8 ) ( 0 ) ( 0.6 ) ( 1 ) = 0 + 0.6 = 0.6
cos ( x + 540 )
cos x cos 540 sinx sin540

= ( 0.8 ) ( 1 ) ( 0.6 ) ( 0 ) = 0.8 0 = 0.8
3
5
4
5

4
5
3
5

4
5
3
5

12
5
9
5
16
5
12
5
25
5
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Without using a calculator, find the values of:
(i) sin40 cos 10 cos 40 sin10
(ii) cos 15 sin15

(iii)

(b) Find, to 1 decimal place, the values of x, 0 x 360 , which
satisfy the equation 2sinx = cos ( x 60 )

1
2
1
2
1 tan15
1 + tan15
Solution:
(a) (i) sin40 cos 10 cos 40 sin10 = sin ( 40 10 ) = sin30 =

(ii) cos 15 sin15

= cos 45 cos 15 sin45 sin15 = cos ( 45 + 15 ) = cos 60
=

(iii) =

= tan ( 45 15 ) = tan30 =

(b) 2sinx = cos ( x 60 )
2sinx = cos xcos 60 + sinxsin60
2sinx = cos x + sinx

( 4 3 ) sinx = cos x
=

tanx =

1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1 tan15
1 + tan15
tan45 tan15
1 + tan45 tan15
3
3
1
2
3
2
sinx
cosx
1
4 3
1
4 3
So x = tan
1
, 180 + tan
1

x = 23.8 , 203.8

1
4 3

1
4 3


Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Prove, by counter example, that the statement
sec ( A + B ) secA + secB , for all A and B
is false.
(b) Prove that tan + cot 2cosec2, , n .

n
2
Solution:
(a) One example is sufficient to disprove a statement.
E.g. A = 60 , B = 0
sec ( A + B ) = sec ( 60 + 0 ) = sec60 = = 2

secA = sec60 = = 2

secB = sec0 = = 1

So sec ( 60 + 0 ) sec60 + sec0
sin ( A + B ) secA + secB not true for all values of A, B.
(b) L.H.S. tan + cot
+

( sin
2
+ cos
2
1 , sin2 2sincos )

2cosec2
R.H.S.
1
cos 60
1
cos 60
1
cos 0
sin
cos
cos
sin
sin
2
+ cos
2
sincos
1
sin2
1
2
2
sin2
Solutionbank
Question:
Using the formula cos ( A + B ) cos Acos B sinAsinB :
(a) Show that cos ( A B ) cos ( A + B ) 2sinAsinB .
(b) Hence show that cos 2x cos 4x 2sin3xsinx.
(c) Find all solutions in the range 0 x of the equation
cos 2x cos 4x = sinx
giving all your solutions in multiples of radians.

Solution:
(a) cos ( A + B ) cos Acos B sinAsinB
cos A B cos Acos B sinAsin B
cos Acos B + sinAsinB
so cos ( A + B ) cos ( A B ) ( cos Acos B sinAsinB )
( cos Acos B + sinAsinB )
2sinAsinB
(b) Let A + B = 2x, A B = 4x
Add: 2A = 6x A = 3x
Subtract: 2B = 2x B = x
Using (a) cos 2x cos 4x 2sin3xsin ( x ) 2sin3xsinx
as sin ( x ) = sinx
(c) Solve 2sin3xsinx = sinx
sinx ( 2sin3x 1 ) = 0
sinx = 0 or sin3x =

sinx = 0 x = 0,
sin3x = , 0 3x 3 3x = , , ,

x = , , ,

1
2
1
2
6
5
6
13
6
17
6
18
5
18
13
18
17
18
Solution set: 0, , , , ,

18
5
18
13
18
17
18
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Given that cos ( x + 30 ) = 3cos ( x 30 ) , prove that tanx = .

(b) (i) Prove that = tan.

(ii) Verify that = 180 is a solution of the equation sin2 = 2 2cos 2.
(iii) Using the result in part (i), or otherwise, find the two other solutions,
0 < < 360 , of the equation sin2 = 2 2cos 2.

3
2
1 cos2
sin2
Solution:
(a) cos ( x + 30 ) = 3cos ( x 30 )
cos xcos 30 sinxsin30 = 3 ( cos xcos 30 + sinxsin30 )
2cos xcos 30 = 4sinxsin30
2cos x = 4sinx

=

tanx =

(b) (i) L.H.S.

tan
(ii) L.H.S. = sin360 = 0
R.H.S. = 2 2cos 360 = 2 2 ( 1 ) = 0
(iii) Using (i) this is equivalent to solving tan = .

3
2
1
2
3
2
sinx
cos x
3
2
1 cos 2
sin2
1 ( 1 2sin
2
)
2sincos
2sin
2
2sincos
sin
cos
1
2
From (i) 1 cos 2 = sin2tan
So sin2 = 2 2cos 2 sin2 = 2sin2tan
sin2 = 0 gives = 180 , so tan = = 26.6, 206.6

1
2
Solutionbank
Question:
(a) Express 1.5sin2x + 2cos 2x in the form Rsin ( 2x + ) , where R > 0 and 0 < <
, giving your values of R and to 3 decimal places where appropriate.

(b) Express 3sinxcos x + 4cos
2
x in the form asin2x + bcos 2x + c, where a, b and c are
constants to be found.
(c) Hence, using your answer to part (a), deduce the maximum value of
3sinxcos x + 4cos
2
x.

2
Solution:
(a) Let 1.5sin2x + 2cos 2x Rsin ( 2x + ) Rsin2xcos + Rcos 2xsin
R > 0, 0 < <

Compare sin2x : Rcos = 1.5
Compare cos 2x : Rsin = 2

R
2
= 2
2
+ 1.5
2
R = 2.5

(b) 3sinxcos x + 4cos
2
x ( 2sinxcos x ) + 4

sin2x + 2 + 2cos 2x sin2x + 2cos 2x + 2

(c) From part (a) sin2x + 2cos 2x 2.5 sin ( 2x + 0.927 )

So maximum value of sin2x + 2cos 2x = 2.5 1 = 2.5

So maximum value of 3sinxcos x + 4cos
2
x = 2.5 + 2 = 4.5

2
4
3
3
2

1 + cos 2x
2

3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2

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Solutionbank

Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics

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= cos x and cos ( 90 x )

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in terms of tan 45 and tan 30.

= cos 60 cos 45 sin60 sin45

= sin120 cos 45 + cos 120 sin45

is +ve, A + B is in the 1st or 3rd quadrants, but as they are both

must be in the 3rd quadrant as tan ( A + B )

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2tan + tan tan

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cos x cos 270 sinx sin270

cos x cos 540 sinx sin540

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