Power gain and directive gain are related by

radiation efficiency ,

Radiation efficiency- ratio of total power

radiated by antenna to power accepted by
antenna.

Antenna radiation pattern

Plot of radiation intensity as a function of angles(degrees)

2 angle coordinates employed by a ground based radar

are generally azimut and elevation angles.

!ain lobe-At zero degrees

Remaining lobes are side lobe region.

"estigial lobe- irregularity in te radiation pattern at 22d#

below te pea$ ,wit increase in degrees.

%ear-in-&ide lobe - generally decrease in magnitude as

te angle increases.

&pill over radiation- part of feed radiation pattern tat is not

intercepted by te reflector.

Ranges b'w ()) to ((* degrees.

+ontd...

#ac$ lobe- due to diffraction around te edges of reflector in

bac$ward direction.

,ffective apertures

,ffective aperture of receiving antenna is !easure of

effective area presented to te incident wave by antenna.

-ransmitting gain .,receiving affective area Ae

of a lossless antenna are related by

&ide lobe radiation

Radiation from an antenna tat is not radiated by a main

beam

-eoretical ,it is possible to ave antenna radiation pattern

wit main lobe and no side lobes. #ut impractical to acieve.

/igest side lobe is te one wic is ad0acent to te main

lobe

Pea$ side lobe is generally (1.2 d# or -(1.2 d# compared to

te main lobe.

2ow antenna side lobes are usually desirable for minimizing

te effect of strong 0amming and interference.

Aperture efficiency and polarization

Aperture efficiency 3sually occurs at te center of te

main beam.

Radiation efficiency is less tan unity -energy is lost.

Aperture efficiency less tan unity- energy is redistributed

in angle.

Polarization of an ,! wave is defined by orientation of

electric field.

Radar antennas are linearly polarized (eiter orizontal or

vertical)

Air surveillance radar employ orizontal polarization.

-rac$ing radars-vertical polarisation.

+ircular polarization- wen electric field rotates at rate e4ual

to R5 fre4uency.

enances te detectability of aircraft targets in te midst of

rain.

,lliptical polarisation-wen electric field rotates at rate e4ual

to R5 fre4uency,amplitude of elliptically polarized electric
field varies during rotation period.

Reflector antennas