Valve iu khin p sut: Pressure control valve

Trong h thng thy lc valve iu khin p sut (gi tt l nhm valve p sut) c s dng rt nhiu
dng rt nhau v ng vai tr quan trng, l mt trong 3 nhm valve iu khin chnh bao gm: Valve
chuyn hng - Valve iu chnh lu lng v Valve iu khin p sut.

Tuy nhin valve p sut thng ch c bit n nh l valve an ton (Relief valve). Bi vit ny mun
gii thiu thm vi cc bn v 2 loi valve p sut c bn khc rt hay c s dng trong cc mch thy
lc.

Nh vy, c 3 loi valve p sut chnh trong nhm valve an ton bao gm:
- Valve an ton: Relief valve
- Valve tun t (hay th t): Sequence valve
- Valve gim p: Reducing valve

Cc loi valve p sut khc nh CBV, valve x khng ti... l t hp ca cc valve nu trn.

1- Valve an ton: Tc dng ca n l "ngn nga" p sut vt qu mt gi tr t trc bi ngi s
dng nhm bo v h thng hoc cm thit b khng b ph hng do p sut (v vy n c gi l valve
an ton - Ci ny chc mi ngi u bit c). Thng thng valve ny c hai ca du. Mt ca ni vi
ngun cp/gy ra p sut; ca kia ni v thng cha x b du v thng cha. Lu l lu lng x b
qua valve an ton hu nh khng ph thuc vo p sut.



2- Valve tun t: V bn cht v k hiu, valve tun t khng khc g valve an ton nhng n c cch
thc s dng cho mc ch khc. Ngi ta hay s dng valve ny nh mt valve thng ng NC lm
thay i p sut lm vic hai nhnh lm vic khc nhau. Tc l s c mt p sut chnh gia hai nhnh
lm vic trong cng mt h thng c gy ra bi valve tun t.
Khc vi valve an ton, ca du ra ca valve (ca A) khng ni vi thng du cha m n c ni vi
mch lm vic th 2.



Hy xem xt mt v d n gin nh sau:
Mt my khoan cn c hai c cu xy lanh: Xy lanh A dng kp cht chi tit khoan cn xy lanh B s
ch u mi khoan xung khi chi tit kp cht.



y s dng valve tun t c t 50 bar cho xy lanh B. Do khi valve phn phi bt u cp
du, xy lanh A s th ra kp chi tit trc v ch khi n kp ri, p sut h thng tng ln qu 50 bar
mi m xy lanh B i xung.

3- Valve gim p: c v nh l valve thng m NO v ly tn hiu iu khin t pha ca du ra
cp ra mt p sut nh hn p sut ngun cp. Nh vy, valve ny c s dng khi mun "trch" ra mt
p sut nh hn p sut lm vic cho mt mc ch khc.



Nu s dng v d trn th ch cn lp mt valve gim p vo trc xy lanh A a ra ngun 50 bar cho
mc ch kp.





Valve phn phi t l
Valve phn phi t l:



Valve ny chia lm ba phn:
1- Phn thn v valve vi li con trt (tng i ging nh valve phn phi thng thng).
Di y l hnh nh so snh s khc nhau ca li valve in t l (bn phi) v valve phn phi thng
thng (bn tri): (c by Bosch Rexroth)


2- Phn cun in t vi phn hi tip in t: Trn hnh v l phn bn tay tri, pha di.
Chc nng ca cun in t ny nh bn Th my m t. Tuy nhin n cn c li hi tip in t. Li
(que) ny c ni trc tip vi ty cun in t theo di dch chuyn ca ty cun in t v li con
trt v chuyn tn hiu ny phn hi v card in t nhm iu khin chnh xc m ca valve theo
dng in tng ng.
Chi tit cun in t nh hnh v di y:


3- Card in t: L ni thu nhn tn hiu iu khin t bn ngoi cung cp dng in iu khin cho
valve t l. N ng thi nhn tn hiu phn hi t li valve iu khin chnh xc.
Hin nay c hai loi card in t: Gn trc tip trn thn valve nh trn hnh v hoc l card in ri lp
trong t iu khin v c ni ra valve t l.

Trong mch thy lc, valve phn phi t l thng c s dng thay i tc lm vic theo mt
chng trnh lp trnh trc ca mt c cu no nh xy lanh, motor bng tn hiu in t thay i. Nu
thay th bng valve thng thng th phi gii quyt c bi ton thay i ny. Do , trn l thuyt
chng ta khng thay i c bng valve thng thng.

Thc t s dng trong mt s trng hp cng c th thay th c nhng c cu s b hn ch mt s
chc nng nht nh.
hydraulics.vn









Van nt (Plug Valve)



Phn iu chnh dng chy (ca van) ca loi van ny c dng nt. Ca van c ch to bng kim loi
v c khe h xuyn sut ca van cho dng chy i qua. V tr ca van c iu chnh bng vic vn tay
quay.



Khi vn tay quay i mt gc 90o ta s c van v tr ng hoc m hon ton. Nu so snh vi van ca
th loi van ny c ng m nhanh hn.
Tay quay u pha trn ca cn van trong van nt chuyn ng theo cng mt hng vi khe h ca
ca van. Khi tay quay nm song song vi ng ng th van v tr m. Khi van v tr m hon ton th
dng chy i qua van l ng thng cn khi n v tr iu tit th dng chy qua van s to xoy v xy
ra s st p.
Van nt thng khng c dng cho mc ch iu chnh dng chy v khi n v tr iu tit th ca
van s b mi mn khng ng u.


Khi v tr ng th ca van v phn thn van phi to c kht cao. Mi ln thay i v tr ca van
th lc ma st s to ra gia phn thn v ca van gy ra s mi mn thn v ca van. Khi chng b mi
mn ti mt mc no th s khng cn kh nng gi c kn khi v tr ng.
Mt vi loi van nt c thit k l du bi trn pha trn, mt loi du c bit c s dng bi trn
ca van gim ma st gia thn van v ca van v mng du ny cng tng thm kn cho van
trong qu trnh s dng.





Hnh v di y m t mt loi van nt khng cn c s bi trn.




Trong loi ny ca van c th chuyn ng ln xung cng vi mc lm kn. Khi ko ca van ln tc l
gim n khp gia ca van v thn van lm cho ca van d chuyn ng hn v gim lc ma st gia
ca van v thn van. Khi ca van c h xung chng s to c mi lin kt kn vi thn van.



Van nt cng c th c ch to c nhiu khe h. Chng c gi l van nhiu hng. Cc van nhiu
hng thng c dng nh mt thit b phn chia dng chy. Khi vn tay quay mt gc 90o th s lm
thay i hng dng chy. i vi mc ch thay i hng dng chy th van nhiu hng c th thay
th cho nhiu van ca. iu ny tit kim c chi ph v lm d dng hn trong vn hnh.
Mt s hnh nh plug valve







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