ENGLISH

ENHANCEMENT
PROGRAM
FOR ENGTEK
August 29, 2013
Meaning
What does it
mean?
(Meaningfulness)
Use
When /why is it used?
(Appropriateness)
Form
How is it
formed?
(Accuracy)
Grammatical Metalanguage
Arrange the following words to form
meaningful sentences
dog bitten was Nora the
by
join to and both Nelson
are Maria chosen
competition the in

Arrange the following words to form
meaningful sentences
Nora was bitten by the
dog.
Both Nelson and Maria
are chosen to join in the
competition?

Who told you?
Teachers?
Books?
Experts?
Approaches in teaching/learning
grammar
Descriptive attempts to describe
actual language use
Prescriptive expresses a certain
dissatisfaction with language in
general; constantly set out arbitrary
rules and make sure that they are
strictly followed.
What Grammatical Metalanguage
is all about?
Discussion of grammar on three
levels:
Subsentential
Semantic / Notional
Structural
Functional
Sentential
Suprasentential
Parts of Speech
The _______
for________the______
__in the _________.

_______
broom_______
sweeping ________
floor belongs_______
closet_______.
Parts of Speech
Function
Words
Determiners
Prepositions
Conjunctions
Pronouns

Content Words
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Noun (Noun Substantive)
Semantic/Notional
Structural Functional
Name of person,
place, thing or idea
Types of nouns
a. Common
- Count
- Non count
a. Proper
b. Collective
Morphology
a. Inflections
- Plural
- Possessive
b. Derivations
Position
1. Preceded by
determiners
2. Followed by a verb
Functions
1. Subject of verb
2. Direct object
3. Indirect object
4. Subject
complement
5. Object
complement /
object noun
predicate
6. Appositive
7. Object of the
preposition
Noun (Noun Substantive)
The students learn the grammar of English.
He watered the lawn.
We are all learners.
They elected Ann president.
Manila, the capital of the Philippines, is
located in Luzon.
Let me tell you, my friend, grammar is just
plain fun.
Verb
Semantic/Notional
Structural Functional
Denotes action or
state of being
Types of verbs
a. Intransitive
b. Transitive
c. Linking
verb/auxiliary verb
Morphology
a. Inflections
- 3
rd
person singular
- Simple past
- Past participle
- Present participle
b. Derivations
Position
1. Follows noun
subjects
2. Followed by
adverbs, nouns,
adjectives
Two Qualities
1. Tense time of an
events occurrence
2. Aspect denotes
whether the event has
occurred earlier and is
completed/finished or
is still in
progress/unfinished
Number marking
- Present, 3
rd
person
sg.
- Present, plural
Adverb
Semantic/Notional
Structural Functional
Modify verbs,
adjectives, another
adverb, SOMETIMES
SENTENCES
Types of verbs
a. Direction
b. Location
c. Manner
d. Time
e. Frequency
Morphology
a. Inflections
- ly as in happily
Adverb
Jim pointed there. (direction)
Jim pointed at the constellation Pisces.
(direction)
Isabel shops locally. (Manner)
Isabel shops at the mall. (location)
The choir sang joyfully at the ordination.
The choir sang as if it was especially inspired.
Soon, Rachel will retire.
We will visit our friends in China occasionally.
Adjectives
Semantic/Notional
Structural Functional
describes/denote
s the quality if
something

Morphology
1. Inflection
comparative
degree marker (-
er); superlative
marker (-est)
2. Derivation
Position
a. Between
determiner and
noun
b. After the linking
verb
Modify or
complement nouns
Adjective types:
1. Attributive
2. Predicative
Pronoun
Semantic/Notional
Structural Functional
Replace nouns
and noun phrases
within a text or as
a direct reference
to an external
situation

Occupy the same
position as an N or
NP does.
Kinds of Pronouns
1. Personal subject,
object, possessive
2. Reflexive
3. demonstrative
Distinctions:
- Number, person,
gender; proximity
for
demonstratives,
subject verb
agreement
Determiners
Semantic/Notional
Structural Functional
Limit the nouns
that follow them

Position
1. Precede nouns
2. Precede
adjectives
Types:
1. Articles
2. Demonstratives
3. Possessives
4. Quantifiers
Preposition
Semantic/Notional
Structural Functional
Connect words to
other parts of the
sentence; have a
close relationship
with the word
which follows

Made up of:
preposition + NP
Usually one word
but can be two or
three e.g. in, on, at,
out of, on top of
Prototypically signal
spatial relationships
Can also signal case
relationships
Conjunctions
Semantic/Notional
Structural Functional
Words that join

Coordinating
conjunctions comes
between two or more
independent clauses
Subordinating
conjunction typically
precedes a
dependent clause
Types of
conjunctions:
1. CC joins clauses
and phrases of
equal
grammatical rank
2. SC joins
dependent clause
to an
independent
clause
QUIZ no. 1
Parts
I. Identification (10 items)
II. Multiple Choice (5 items)
III.Word Transformation (5
items)

I. Identify what is being asked in
the following.
1. Approach in teaching / learning grammar
which aims to describe actual language use
2. level in grammar which deals with the
sentence itself
3. Category which deals with how words are
formed by adding morphemes
4. Also called as closed set
5. Provides connections between clauses
I. Identify what is being asked in
the following.
6. Category which deals with how a
grammatical element works/functions
7. Used in spatial transitions
8. Refers to how one learns a language
9. category which deals with names and
meaning of a particular grammatical element
10.Level in grammar which deals with meaning
beyond sentences
Write the letter of the correct
answer.
11. What is the function of the underlined
word: Sarah has been invited in the
concert.
a. Subject of the sentence
b. Direct object
c. Indirect Object
d. Object of the Preposition
Write the letter of the correct
answer.
12. What is the tense of the underlined
verb: Sarah has been invited in the
concert.
a. Future Perfect
b. Past Perfect
c. Present Perfect
d. Present Perfect Progresive
Write the letter of the correct
answer.
13. What type of pronoun will complete
the sentence: They have to leave
_______ immediately.
a. Subject
b. Object
c. Possessive
d. None of the above
Write the letter of the correct
answer.
14. The following are statements
describing what an adjective is EXCEPT
a. Precedes a verb
b. Precedes a noun
c. Comparative marker
d. Appears after a linking verb

Write the letter of the correct
answer.
15. Which of the following is TRUE about
determiners?
a. Follow nouns
b. Have 6 major types
c. Limit nouns
d. Can also qualify
Transform the word: power
16. Adjective
17. Adverb

Transform the word: sparingly
18. Verb
19. Adjective

Transform the word: personify
20. Noun

ANSWERS
1. Descriptive
2. Sentential
3. Structural
4. Function words
5. Conjunctions
6. Functional
7. Preposition
8. Grammatical
metalanguage
9. Semantic/notional
10. Suprasentential
11. D
12. C
13. B
14. A
15. C
16. Powerful
17. Powerfully
18. Spare
19. Sparing
20. Personification
Assignment
Look for the definition of the ff.
1. Tolerant
2. Advocacy
3. Apparent
4. Emulate
5. Fizzle
6. Impeccable
A. Giving aid to a cause
B. Imitate
C. Fail
D. Perfect
E. Clear
F. Accepting diff. views
Source: MicrosoftEncarta2008. 1993-2007 Microsoft
Corporation. All rights reserved
Why should we be concerned if mass
media practitioners themselves
write/speak better English?
Agree
Prove why?
People look at them as ROLE MODELS FOR
GOOD ENGLISH and its quite a concern if their
bad English would come to be accepted as
good usage and be imitated by others.
Disagree
Prove why not?
Cite the two incidents mentioned in the
article and the grammatical points
emphasize?
The president will go here and is expected
anytime now.
Verb usage (come instead of go)
The Hello Garci! conversations have
provided anecdotal confirmation of the fraud
uncovered through the hard analysis of
Versozal and I in May-June 2004.
Pronoun antecedent (me instead of I)