Edema

Hydrostatic
Pressure
Impaired venous return
CHF
Constrictive pericarditis
Ascites|liver cirrhosis
Venous Obstruction/Compression
o Thrombosis
o External pressure
o Lower extremity inactivity
w/prolonged dependence

Arteriolar dilation
Heat
NeurohumoraL dysregulation
Regional|focal impairment|venous return|
DVT|localized edema
Generalized|systemic edema|CHF

Cardiac Edema|RHF|dependent|systemic
Pulmonary edema|LHF|pitting edema
Renal|severe|generalized|equally affect all
body parts
Plasma Osmotic
pressure
Protein-losing glomerulopathies (Nephrotic
syndrome)
Protein-losing gasteroenteropathy
Liver cirrhosis (Ascites)
Malnutrition

Lymphatic
obstruction
Inflammatory
Neoplastic
Postsurgical
Post irradiation

Sodium retention salt intake with renal insufficiency
tubular reabsorption of sodium
Renal hypoperfusion
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone secretion

Inflammation Acute
Chronic
Angiogenesis


Hematoma Blood in tissue|extravascular
space|R|Hb|BG|bilirubin|YB|hemosiderin

Petechial 1-2mm|capillary pressure|thrombocytopenia|defective platelets

Purpura >3mm|above+trauma|vessel Ds
Ecchymoses >1-2cm
Lg Accum Hemothorax|Hemopericardium|Hemoperitoneum|Hemoarthrosis
Jaundice|massive BD of Hb

Hyperemia|active|arteriole dilation|erythema
Congestion|passive|BF from tissue|cyanosis|accum de-O
2
Hb
Long-standing congestion|hemorrhage|hemosiderin-laden M
**external hemorrahage can result in Fe loss resulting in iron
deficiency anemia**