Additional Challenges for Waterfracs

Lower density for improved transport?

Reduced particle size
Reduce settling velocity
Entry into narrower fractures
Unusual proppant arrangements
Settled bank with void above?
Partial monolayer?
Irregular proppant pillars?
End of
Pumping
During
Production
Dune
Arch
End of
Pumping
During
Production
Dune
Arch

SPE 115769, 114173, 115766, 90698
All irregular distributions cause
more stress on particles than we
typically test