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Code :9A03402 1

II B.Tech II Semester(R09) Regular Examinations, April/May 2011


THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks

1. (a) Dene volumetric eciency and discuss the eect of various factors aecting the volumetric
eciency.
(b) How does the composition of exhaust gases vary for various fuel-air ratios in a gasoline
engine?
2. (a) Draw a typical value timing diagram for a four stroke diesel engine and explain the signif-
icance of value over lap.
(b) Compare between Air - standard cycles and Fuel-air cycles.
3. (a) What is meant by abnormal combustion? Explain the phenomena of knock in s1 engines.
(b) What are homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures? In which engines these mixtures are
used? Explain.
4. Explain with gure various types of combustion chambers used in c1 engines.
5. (a) Explain the method of motoring test for obtaining friction power of an engine.
(b) Find the air - fuel ratio of a four- stroke, single cylinder, air coded engine with fuel
consumption time for 10cc is 20.4s and air consumption time for 0.1m
3
is 16.35. The
load is 17Kg at the speed of 3000rpm . Find also brake specic fuel. Consumption in
g/KWh and brake thermal eciency. Assume the density of air as 1.175 Kg/m
3
and
specic gravity of fuel to be 0.7. The lower heating value of fuel is 43 MT/kg and the
dynamometer constant is 5000.
6. Explain the eect of excessive clearance on the performance of air compressor. A single acting
two stage reciprocating air compressor running at 280 rev/min delivers air at a pressure of
18 bar, the conditions at the commencement of compression being 0.
0
98 bar and 305K. The
intermediate pressure is 4 bar and the clearance volume for low pressure cylinder is 5% of its
swept volume. Equation of compressor has a capacity of 2.25 m
3
/minute measured under free
conditions of 1 bar and 290 k. Design the compressor for (a) volumetric eciency (b) theoretical
work spent in driving the compressor (c) dimensions of L.P. cylinder 1f bore is equal to stroke
(d) isothermal eciency, The gives compressor has a perfect intercooling.
7. (a) Write a brief note on Rotary displacement compressors and derive an expression for the
eciency of Roots blower.
(b) Explain the terms serging & choking of a compressors.
8. (a) Explain the working of an axial ow compressor.
(b) Explain the term degree of reaction and point on the dierence between the blading of a
reaction turbine and that of axial ow compressor.

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Code :9A03402 2
II B.Tech II Semester(R09) Regular Examinations, April/May 2011
THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks

1. (a) Briey explain the following : (i) time loss factor (ii) heat loss factor (iii) exhaust blow
down factor.
(b) Compare the actual and fuel - air cycles of a Diesel engine.
2. (a) List various assumptions made in air - standard cycle analysis and explain how the actual
cycles are dierent form air standard cycle.
(b) Explain how the power and eciency of the S1 engine vary with air - fuel ratio for dierent
load and speed conditions.
3. (a) Explain the eect of various engine variable on S1 engine knock.
(b) Explain the various factors that inuence the ame speed in S1 engines.
4. (a) Explain the phenomenon of knock in C1 engines and compare it with S1 engine knock.
(b) What are homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures? In which engines these mixtures are
used? Explain.
5. (a) With a neat sketch explain an Eddy current dynamometer.
(b) A six - cylinder, gasoline engine operators on the four - stroke cycle. The bore of each
cylinder is 80mm and the stroke 100mm. The clearance volume per cylinder is 70cc. At a
speed of 4000rpm the fuel consumption is 20 Kg/h and the torgue developed is 150 Nm.
Calculate
i. the brake power
ii. the brake mean eective pressure
iii. brake thermal eciency is the caloric value of the fuel is 43000 KJ/Kg and
iv. the relative eciency on a brake power basis assuming the engine works on the con-
stant volume cycle. = 1.4 for air.
6. An air Compressor designed to deliver air at 8 bar a stroke length 80cm and the clearance
volume is 2% of the swept volume. To study the eect of clearance on free air delivery at work
expanded. The compressor was overhauled and a distance piece of 0.5cm was lled between
the cylinder head and the cylinder. The compressor was then commisined under the changed
clearance. Calculate percentage change in the volume of free air delivered and the power
necessary to run the compressor.
7. (a) Explain the performance characteristics of Rotary compressors.
(b) Give a detailed classication of Rotary compressors.
8. A multi stage axial oe compressor absorbs H.P when delivering 20 Kg/sec of air from stagna-
tion condition of I bar and 288 K. If the poly tropic eciency of compression is 0.9 and if the
stage stagnation pressure ratio is constant, calculate
(a) pressure at compressor out let
(b) the number stager and
(c) over all isentropic eciency of compressor.

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Code :9A03402 3
II B.Tech II Semester(R09) Regular Examinations, April/May 2011
THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks

1. (a) Discuss the eect of spark advance on the performance of an otto cycle engine. What is meant
by the optimum spark advance?
(b) Briey discuss pumping and rubbing Friction losses. Discuss briey the loss due to gas exchange
process.
2. (a) With a neat sketch explain the working principal of a simple carburetor.
(b) Explain various Factors which eect the ignition timing.
3. (a) Briey explain the stages of combustion in S1 engines elaborating the ame front propagation.
(b) What are homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures? In which engines mixtures are used Explain.
4. (a) What is delay period and what are the factors that eect the delay period?
(b) Explain the phenomena of knock in C1 engines?
5. (a) Explain the internationally accepted methods of measuring the following invisible emission.
(i) oxides of nitrogen
(ii) carbon monoxide
(b) The following details were noted in a test on a four - cylinder, four - stroke engine, diameter =
100mm; stroke = 120mm; speed of the engine = 1600 rpm; fuek consumption = 0.2 Kg/min;
caloric value of fuel is 44000 KJ/Kg; dierence in tension on either side of the brake pulley =
40 Kg; brake circumference is 300cm. If the mechanical eciency is 80% calculate
i. brake thermal eciency
ii. indicated thermal eciency
iii. indicated mean eective pressure and
iv. brake specic fuel consumption.
6. A single cylinder reciprocating air compressor running at 150rpm delivers to a receiver 5m
3
of free
air per minute. Compressed to a pressure of 6 Kgf/cm
2
. The suction is at 1 Kgf/cm
2
and 300k.
Compression and expension. Curve follows the law pv
1.3
=c. Clearance is 5% of the active stroke.
Estimate.
(a) Temperature of air as admitted to receiver.
(b) Volumetric eciency
(c) Volumetric of air taken in per stroke
(d) Dimension of the cylinder if stroke equals 1.25 times diameter.
(e) H.p of compressor.
7. A Rotary vane compressor has a free air delivery of 0.03 m
3
/revolution when it compressor from 1 bar
to 1-5 bar. Estimate the work expended for revolution in driving the compressor when (a) ports are
S0 placed that there is no internal compression (b) The ports so placed that there is 50% pressure rise
due to internal adiabatic compression before have ow occurring also determine the blower eciency.
8. An axial compressor has a degree of reaction of 0.5 at the mean radius with relative air angles of 130
0
and 100
0
at rotor inlet and outlet respectively. The angles are measured in the same direction from
the blade velocity direction. The over all stagnation pressure ratio is 3.5 and the stagnation isentropic
eciency is 85% when the inlet stagnation temperature is 330
0
k. The blade speed is constant at 200
m/s and the ow velocity is also constant in the compressor. The work done factor is 0.85. Find the
stagnation polytropic eciency and the number of stages.

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Code :9A03402 4
II B.Tech II Semester(R09) Regular Examinations, April/May 2011
THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks

1. (a) Why the actual cycle eciency is much lower than the air standard cycle eciency? List
the major losses and dierences in actual engine and air standard cycles.
(b) Discuss the optimum opening position of exhaust value to reduce the exhaust blowdown
loss.
2. (a) Enumerate various components of an electronic fuel in system and mention their functions.
(b) Distinguish between wet sump and dry sump lubrication systems.
3. What are the various types of combustion chambers used in S1 engines? Explain them briey.
4. Bring out clearly the process of combustion in C1 engines and also explain the various stages
of combustion.
5. (a) State the limitations experienced in the evaluation of friction power using Willans line
method.
(b) A four - stroke gas engine having a cylinder of 250mm diameter and stroke 450mm has a
volumetric eciency of 80%, ratio of air to gas is 8 to 1, caloric value of gas is 20 MJ/m
3
at NTP. Find the heat supplied to the engine per working cycle. If the compression ratio
is 5, What is the heating value of the mixture per working stroke per m
3
of total cylinder
volume?
6. Discuss concisely the reason for the use of multistage reciprocating compressors. Explain the
underlying principle by means. Of a P-V and T-S diagram,
It is required to compress 1m
3
of air/s from 0.98 bar and 20
0
C to a delivery pressure of 60
bar. The compression of air follows the polytropic law PV
1.25
= c. Estimate theoretical power
required when compression is carried out in (a) Single stage compressor (c) Three stage com-
pressor. Also estimate the temperature of air at the end of compression in each case. Neglect
clearance and assume ideal conditions regarding intercooling . Comment on the results.
7. (a) Explain the working of centrifugal compressor.
(b) Explain the terms serging & choking of a compressor.
8. An eight stage axial ow compressor provides an over all pressure ratio of 6:1 with an overall
isentropic eciency 90% when the temperature of air at inlet is 20
0
. The work is divided equally
between stages. A 50% reaction design is used with a mean blade speed 188m/s and a constant
axial velocity 100m/s through the compressor ultimate the power required and blade angles.
Assume air to be a perfect gas for which C
p
=0
0
24, = 1
0
4.

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Code: 9A03402
II B. Tech II Semester (R09) Supplementary Examinations, November/ December 2011
THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) What do you understand from degree of reaction?
(b) An axial flow compressor with compression ratio of 1.4 draws in air at 22
o
C. The compression
process is approximated as an isentropic process. The stagnation conditions at this stage is
300 K. the blade velocity being 200 m/s. Draw the velocity triangles for an air angle of 20
o

and
determine vane angles. Also calculate the degree of reaction.

2 (a) What do you understand from gas exchange process in an engine and how it affects the
performance of I.C engine?
(b) What do you understand from air standard cycle? What are the assumptions made for accurate
analysis of internal combustion engine process?

3 (a) A gas engine having a cylinder 250mm bore and 450mm stroke has a volumetric efficiency of
80%. Air-gas ratio equals 9:1, calorific value of fuel 21000 kJ /m
3
at NTP. Calculate the heat
supplied to the engine per working cycle. If the compression ratio is 5:1, what is the heat value
of the mixture per working stroke per m
3

of total cylinder volume?
(b) Explain the performance test of an IC engine. Why is it carried out?

4 (a) Briefly explain any two methods of fuel injection systems generally employed in C.I engines.
(b) Compare Otto and diesel engines.

5 (a) What are the primary considerations in designing a combustion chamber for C.I engine?
(b) State the factors on which delay period in C.I engine depends.

6 (a) Define volumetric efficiency and explain the effect of clearance volume and pressure ratio on
volumetric efficiency.
(b) Estimate the minimum work required to compress 2 kg of air from 1 bar 330 K to 18 bar in two
stages if the law of compression is pV
1.25

=constant and inter cooling is perfect.

7 (a) What are different types of rotary compressors and explain briefly the working of any two rotary
compressors.
(b) With the help of h-s diagram, compare actual and isentropic compressions.

8 (a) What are knock limited parameters in case of combustion engines?
(b) What are homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures? Explain in which engines these mixtures
are used.

*****
R09
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Code: 9A03402

II B. Tech II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2012
THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70

Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) Why actual cycle is different from air standard cycle for I.C engine? Give few reasons.
(b) Explain in detail the effect of time loss in the mixing of fuel and air and also in combustion
in case of I.C engine.

2 (a) Explain the working of a two-stroke engine with neat sketch. Also draw the P-V diagram.
(b) What is ignition system in I.C engines and explain battery ignition system used in petrol
engines?

3 (a) What is knocking and what are the factors affecting knock?
(b) Differentiate pre-ignition, auto ignition and detonation.

4 What do you understand from fuel requirements and fuel rating of C.I engine? Explain in
detail.

5 (a) Define indicated power and how it can be determined experimentally for multi cylinder
engine.
(b) A four cylinder, four stroke diesel engines has brake mean effective pressure of 5.5 bar
at full load speed of 600 rpm and specific fuel consumption of 0.25 kg/kWh. The cylinder
has bore of 25 cm and stroke length of 35 cm. The air fuel ratio is measured as 26 from
the exhaust gas analysis. The ambient conditions are 1 bar, 27C. Assuming the calorific
value of fuel as 44 MJ /kg. Determine the brake thermal efficiency and the volumetric
efficiency. Also find out brake power.

6 (a) Estimate the minimum work required to compress 1 kg of air from 1 bar 300 K to 16 bar
in two stages if the law of compression is pV
1.3
=constant and inter cooling is perfect.
(b) Explain the working of blower and compressor.

7 (a) How does the pressure rise in a centrifugal compressor? Where the compressed air is
used?
(b) A centrifugal compressor delivers free air of 20 kg/min. Air is sucked at static states of 1
bar, 27
o
C with inlet velocity of 100 m/s. The total head pressure ratio is 6 and isentropic
efficiency of compressor is 82%. The mechanical efficiency of motor attached is 90%.
Determine total temperature of air at exit o compressor and power required to drive
compressor.

8 (a) Explain the working of an axial flow compressor with the help of neat sketch.
(b) Derive expression for polytropic efficiency in terms of entry and delivery pressures,
temperature and ratio of specific heats.
*****
1
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Code: 9A03402

II B. Tech II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2012
THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70

Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) List out few actual and air standard cycles.
(b) List the major losses in actual cycles and air standard cycles.

2 (a) What is I.C engine and briefly explain how they are classified?
(b) Explain with neat sketch the construction and working of fuel pump.

3 (a) Briefly explain the importance of flame speed on combustion.
(b) What are the requirements of combustion chamber?

4 (a) What is delay period in C.I engine? What is the difference between physical delay and
chemical delay?
(b) Enlist the various methods of controlling diesel knock.

5 (a) A diesel engine has a bore of 0.1 m, stroke of 0.11 m and a compression ratio of 19
running at 2000 rpm. Each cycle takes two revolutions and had a mean effective
pressure of 1400 kPa. With total of six cylinders, find the indicated power.
(b) What are the methods to measure the fuel consumption of I.C engine? Explain any one
method with the help of diagram.

6 (a) Define volumetric efficiency and explain the effect of clearance volume and pressure
ratio on volumetric efficiency.
(b) Estimate the minimum work required to compress 2 kg of air from 1 bar 330 K to 18 bar
in two stages if the law of compression is pV
1.25
=constant and inter cooling is perfect.

7 (a) A gas turbine utilizes a two-stage centrifugal compressor. The pressure ratios for the first
and second stages are 2.5:1 and 2.1:1 respectively. The flow of air is 1.5 kg/s, and is
being at 1.013 bar and 283 K. If the temperature drop in the intercooler is 50
o
C and
isentropic efficiency is 0.85 for each stage. Calculate: (i) the actual temperature at end of
each stage, (ii) the total compressor power. Take =1.4 and C
p
=1.005 kJ /kg k.
(b) What are the different shapes of impeller blades used in the centrifugal compressor?

8 (a) Compare the axial flow compressor with centrifugal compressors
(b) An axial flow compressor stage has a mean diameter of 600 mm and runs at 12000 rpm.
mass flow rate through the compressor is 60 kg/s. Determine the power required to drive
the compressor and degree of reaction if the air angle is 15
o
. The vane angle at inlet and
exit are equal to 45
o
and 25
o
respectively.

*****
2
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Code: 9A03402

II B. Tech II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2012
THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70

Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) What are the components of four-stroke IC engine and explain its functions?
(b) What is the necessity of carburetor in S.I engine and explain its working principle?

2 (a) What do you understand from gas exchange process in an engine and how it affects the
performance of I.C engine?
(b) What do you understand from air standard cycle? What are the assumptions made for
accurate analysis of internal combustion engine process?

3 (a) What do you understand from normal combustion and what are the factors affecting
normal combustion in S.I engines?
(b) Explain the difference between pre-ignition, auto ignition and detonation.

4 (a) What do you mean by Octane number and Cetane number of fuels?
(b) What is supercharging of IC engine? Write few applications.

5 (a) A petrol engine develops 20 kW of brake power. If the brake thermal efficiency and
mechanical efficiencies of the engine are 25% and 80% respectively, calculate the
indicated thermal efficiency.
(b) Define indicated mean effective pressure related to I.C engine and how it can be
measured?

6 (a) Derive the expression for the reversible work of compression with and without clearance,
when the compression process is polytropic.
(b) Differentiate positive displacement and non-positive displacement compressor.

7 (a) What is vane type compressor? Briefly explain its operating principle.
(b) Estimate the efficiency of the vane compressor when it handles 0.15 m
3
of air per second
from 1 bar to 3 bar. The pressure rise due to compression in the compressor is limited to
1.9 bar. Also calculate the power required to run the compressor if mechanical efficiency
is 85%.

8 (a) Explain the mechanical details and working principle of an axial flow compressor.
(b) An axial flow compressor draws air at 1 bar and 20
o
C. Assuming 50% degree of
reaction, find the velocity of flow if the blade velocity is 100 m/s. Take air angle, vane
angle at inlet are 10
o
and 40
o
respectively. Estimate the work done per kg of air and
power developed if the flow area is 0.2 m
2
.

*****
3
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Code: 9A03402

II B. Tech II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2012
THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70

Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
1 (a) What is volumetric efficiency? Explain different factors which affect the volumetric efficiency
of any engine.
(b) Explain the optimum opening position of exhaust valve to reduce the exhaust blow down
loss in gasoline engine.

2 (a) Draw the valve-timing diagram of four-stroke engine and mark the various processes on it
(b) What is fuel supply system and explain methods of fuel system generally employed in
spark ignition engines.

3 (a) Write short notes on pre-ignition and knocking.
(b) What are homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures? Explain in which engines these
mixtures are used.

4 What are the different methods used in C.I engines to create turbulence in the mixture?
Explain its effect on power output and thermal efficiency of the engine.

5 (a) Briefly explain the measurement of brake power of IC engine by using prony brake
dynamometer.
(b) A two stroke two cylinder engine runs with speed of 2000 rpm and fuel consumption of 3
liters/hr. The fuel has specific gravity of 0.8 and air-fuel ratio is 18. The piston speed is 500
m/min and indicated mean effective pressure is 5 bar. The ambient conditions are 1.013
bar, 15C. The volumetric efficiency is 0.7 and mechanical efficiency is 0.8. Determine
brake power output considering R for gas =0.287 kJ /kg K.

6 (a) What is the function of a compressor and what are the different types of compressors?
(b) Derive the expression for work of compression without clearance, when the compression
process is reversible adiabatic and reversible isothermal.

7 (a) Derive expression for roots blower efficiency.
(b) A centrifugal compressor running at 3000 rpm has internal and external diameters of
impeller as 425 mm and 625 mm respectively. The vane angles at inlet and outlet are 25
o

and 45
o
respectively. The air enters the impeller radially. Determine work done by the
compressor per kg of air and degree of reaction.

8 (a) An axial flow compressor stage has a mean diameter of 600 mm and runs at 250 rps.
Mass flow rate through the compressor is 50 kg/s. Determine the power required to drive
the compressor and degree of reaction if the air angle is 12
o
. The vane angle at inlet and
exit are equal to 35
o
and 27
o
respectively.
(b) What do you understand by 50% reaction balding?
*****
4
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Code: 9A03402

B. Tech II Year II Semester (R09) Supplementary Examinations, November/December 2012
THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****

1 (a) Explain in detail the effect of time loss in the mixing of fuel and air and also in
combustion in case of I.C engine.
(b) Explain in detail the effect of heat loss from gases to cylinders in case of I.C engines.

2 (a) Explain any one method of spark ignition system that is employed in S.I engines with
neat sketch.
(b) Explain different ignition systems employed in S.I engine.

3 (a) With the help of pressure-crank angle diagram, explain the normal combustion in spark
ignition engines.
(b) Define homogeneous mixture.

4 Explain in detail the stages of combustion in C.I engine.

5 (a) Briefly explain the measurement of brake power of IC engine by using rope brake
dynamometer.
(b) Determine the dimensions of cylinder, brake thermal efficiency and indicated mean
effective pressure for the single cylinder four stroke diesel engines producing 100 kW of
brake power. Engine runs at speed of 400 rpm, brake mean effective pressure of 850
kPa, brake specific fuel consumption of 0.335 kg/kW hr. The mechanical efficiency is 0.8
and stroke to bore ratio is 1.25. The calorific value of fuel may be taken as 43.5 MJ /kg.

6 (a) Briefly explain the working of fan, blower and compressor.
(b) A three stage single acting reciprocating air compressor delivers 2.5 m
3
of free air per
minute from 1 bar to 72 bar. Calculate the power required to operate compressor if
n =1.3. The mean piston speed is 140 m/min. Find the piston area, neglecting the
clearance volume.

7 (a) What are different types of rotary compressors and explain briefly the working of any
two rotary compressors?
(b) With the help of h-s diagram, compare actual and isentropic compressions.

8 (a) Explain very briefly why work done factor needs to be considered in a multi stage axial
compressor and how it is applied.
(b) An axial flow air compressor is designed to provide an overall total-to-total pressure ratio
of 8 to 1. At inlet and outlet the stagnation temperatures are 300 K and 586.4 K,
respectively. Determine the overall total-to-total efficiency and the polytropic efficiency
for the compressor. Assume that for air is 1.4.

*****
R09
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Code: 9A03402
B.Tech II Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013
THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
*****

1 (a) Explain in detail the effect of exhaust valve opening time on blow down in case of gasoline engine.
(b) Discuss briefly the loss due to gas exchange process in gasoline engine

2 (a) Briefly explain any two methods of fuel injection systems generally employed in C.I engines.
(b) Compare Otto and diesel engines.

3 Briefly explain the effect of different factors on knock in SI engines.

4 What are the factors affecting the delay period? Explain in detail.

5 (a) Define indicated mean effective pressure related to I.C engine and how it can be measured?
(b) A two cylinder four stroke engine runs at 240 rpm developing a torque of 5 kN-m. The bore and
stroke of cylinder are 30 cm and 60 cm respectively. Engine runs with gaseous fuel having calorific
value of 16.8 MJ /m
3
. The gas and air mixture is supplied in proportion of 1:7 by volume. The
volumetric efficiency is 0.85. Determine: (i) The brake power. (ii) The mean piston speed in m/s.
(iii) The brake mean effective pressure. (iv) The brake thermal efficiency.

6 (a) A single stage double acting air compressor running at 300 rpm, delivers 15 m
3
of free air per
minute at 700 kPa and 200
0
C. If the clearance volume is 8% of swept volume and if the index of
compression and expansion are same. Find the clearance swept volume of piston and volumetric
efficiency. Initial air conditions are 10 kP and 15
0
C.
(b) Draw the T-S diagram for the multi stage compression and show the work saving during the
compression in comparison with single stage reciprocating air compression.

7 (a) With the help of neat sketch, explain the working of vane type blower. Also show the compression
process in P-V diagram.
(b) A Vaned compressor handles free air of 0.6 m
3
/s at 1 bar and compresses to 2.3 bar. There occurs
30% reduction in volume before the back flow occurs. Determine the indicated power required and
isentropic efficiency.

8 (a) Derive expression for polytropic efficiency in terms of entry and delivery pressures, temperature
and ratio of specific heats.
(b) An axial flow compressor is to have constant axial velocity of 250 m/s and 50% degree of reaction.
The mean diameter of blade ring is 45 cm and speed is 18000 r.p.m. The exit angles of the blade
are 25
0
. Calculate blade angle at inlet and work done per kg of air with the help of velocity triangles.
1
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Code: 9A03402
B.Tech II Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013
THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
*****

1 (a) Define volumetric efficiency of engine and discuss the effect of various factors that affect the
volumetric efficiency.
(b) Compare the actual and fuel-air cycles of IC engine

2 (a) Sketch the battery ignition system and explain its working.
(b) Explain the various types of cooling systems employed in IC engines.

3 Explain the phenomenon of knocking in S.I engine. What are the effects of knocking?

4 Explain with neat sketch the working principle of combustion chamber used in CI engine.

5 (a) A four stroke four cylinder diesel engine running at 300 rpm produces 250 kW of brake power.
The cylinder dimensions are 30 cm bore and 25 cm stroke. Fuel consumption rate is 1 kg/min
while air fuel ratio is 10. The average indicated mean effective pressure is 0.8 MPa. Determine
indicated power, mechanical efficiency, brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency of
engine. The calorific value of fuel is 43 MJ /kg. The ambient conditions are 1.013 bar, 27C.
(b) How do you measure air consumption rate of I.C engine in the laboratory?

6 (a) A two stage air compressor compresses air from 1 bar 20
0
C to 42 bar. If the law of
compression is pV
1.35
=constant and intercooling is perfect. Find per kg of air (i) the work done
in compression. (ii) the mass of cooling water necessary for abstracting the heat in the
intercooler, if the temperature rise of the cooling water a 25
0
C.
(b) What are power producing and power absorbing machines? List few of them.

7 (a) A roots blower handles free air of 0.5 m
3
/s at 1 bar and 27
0
C and delivers air at a pressure of 2
bar. Determine the indicated power required to drive compressor and isentropic efficiency.
(b) With the help of neat sketch, explain the working of roots blower. Also show the compression
process in p-V diagram.

8 In an axial flow compressor, the overall stagnation pressure ratio achieved is 4 with overall
stagnation isentropic efficiency 86%. The inlet stagnation pressure and temperature are 1 bar
and 320 K. The mean blade speed is 190 m/s. The degree of reaction is 0.5 at the mean
radius with relative air angles of 10
0
and 30
0
respectively. The work done factor is 0.9.
Calculate: (i) Stagnation polytropic efficiency. (ii) Number of stages. (iii) Inlet temperature and
pressure. (iv) Blade height in the first stage if the hub-tip ratio is 0.4, mass flow rate is 20
kg/sec
2
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Code: 9A03402
B.Tech II Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013
THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
*****

1 (a) What is the use of air-standard cycle? List some air standard cycles.
(b) Discuss the effect of exhaust valve opening time on blow down.

2 (a) What is IC engine? Classify I.C engines.
(b) Compare external combustion and internal combustion engine.

3 What are the factors which affects the ignition lag, flame propagation in S.I engines?

4 Explain any three important phases of combustion in C.I engine.

5 (a) Define the terms: brake power, piston speed, brake mean effective pressure and brake thermal efficiency.
(b) A two cylinder four stroke engine runs at 240 r.p.m developing a torque of 5.16 kN- m. The bore and
stroke of cylinder are 30 cm and 58.5 cm respectively. Engine runs with gaseous fuel having calorific
value of 16.8 MJ /m
3
. The gas and air mixture is supplied in proportion of 1:7 by volume. The volumetric
efficiency is 0.85. Determine (i) The brake power. (ii) The mean piston speed in m/s. (iii) The brake mean
effective pressure. (iv) The brake thermal efficiency.

6 (a) With the help of neat sketch explain the working principle of single stage single acing reciprocating air
compressor.
(b) A single-stage, double acting compressor has a free air delivery of 14 m
3
/min, measured at 1.013 bar and
15
0
C. The pressure and temperature in the cylinder during induction are 0.95 bar 15
0
C. The delivery
pressure is 7 bar and index of compression and expansion is 1.3. The clearance volume is 5% of the
swept volume. Calculate: (i) Indicated power required. (ii) Volumetric efficiency.

7 (a) Define and explain the terms: pressure coefficient and adiabatic coefficient of a centrifugal compressor.
(b) A single sided centrifugal compressor is to deliver 14 kg/s of air when operating at a pressure ratio of 4:1
and a speed of 200 rev/s. The inlet stagnation conditions are 288 K and 1.0 bar. The slip factor and power
input factor may be taken as 0.9 and 1.04 respectively. The overall isentropic efficiency is 0.80. Determine
the overall diameter of the impeller.

8 (a) Define polytropic efficiency of an axial flow compressor and write the expression.
(b) A multi stage axial compressor is required for compressing air at 300 K, through a pressure ratio of 4.5 to
1. Each stage is to be a 50% reaction and the mean blade speed of 300 m/s, flow coefficient 0.5, and the
stage loading factor 0.3 are taken, for simplicity, as constant for all stages. Determine the flow angles and
the total number of stages required if the polytropic efficiency is 85%. Take C
p
=1.005 kJ /kg K and =1.4
for air.
3
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Code: 9A03402
B.Tech II Year II Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013
THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****
*****
1 (a) Discuss the effect of exhaust valve opening time on blow down.
(b) What are the factors that affect the volumetric efficiency of an engine?

2 (a) What are the various components to be lubricated in an engine and explain how it is accomplished?
(b) What are the various characteristics of an efficient cooling system in an engine?

3 (a) What do you understand from abnormal combustion in S.I engines?
(b) Explain different stages of combustion in S.I engine.

4 (a) What are the factors that affect the combustion process in C.I engines?
(b) What is knocking in diesel engine? Explain in detail.

5 (a) A gas engine having a cylinder 250 mm bore and 450 mm stroke has a volumetric efficiency of 80%.
Air-gas ratio equals 9:1, calorific value of fuel 21000 kJ /m
3
at NTP. Calculate the heat supplied to the
engine per working cycle. If the compression ratio is 5:1, what is the heat value of the mixture per
working stroke per m
3
of total cylinder volume?
(b) Explain the performance test of an IC engine. Why is it carried out?

6 (a) Derive an expression for minimum work required for two stage reciprocating air compressor with
perfect inter-cooling and neglect clearance volume.
(b) A single stage single acting air compressor delivers 14 m
3
of free air from 1 bar to 7 bar. The speed
of the compressor is 300 r.p.m. Assuming the compression and expansion is pV
1.35
=constant and
clearance is 5% of the swept volume, find the diameter and stroke of the compressor. Take stroke
length is 1.5 times the bore diameter.

7 (a) What is power input factor and slip factor?
(b) A centrifugal compressor running at 9000 r.p.m delivers 600 m
3
/min of free air. The air is compressed
from 1 bar and 20
0
C to a pressure ratio of 4 with an isentropic efficiency of 0.82. Blades are radial at
outlet of impeller and the flow velocity of 62 m/s may be assumes throughout constant. The outer
radius of the impeller is twice the inner and the slip factor may be assumed as 0.9. The blade area
coefficient may be assumed as 0.9 at the inlet. Calculate, (i) Final temperature of air. (ii) Theoretical
power. (iii) Impeller diameters at inlet and outlet. (iv) Breadth of the impeller at inlet. (v) Impeller blade
angle at inlet. (vi) Diffuse blade angle at inlet.

8 (a) Define degree of reaction and write the expression for degree of reaction.
(b) An axial flow compressor is to have constant axial velocity of 150 m/s and 50% degree of reaction.
The mean diameter of blade ring is 35 cm and speed is 15000 rpm. The exit angles of the blade are
27
0
. Calculate blade angle at inlet and work done per kg of air with the help of velocity triangles.
4
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Code: 9A03402
B.Tech II Year II Semester (R09) Supplementary Examinations J anuary/February 2014
THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
*****

*****
1 (a) Explain in detail the loss due to gas exchange process in gasoline engine.
(b) What is the effect of time loss in the mixing of fuel and air and also in combustion in case of I.C engine?
Explain in detail.

2 (a) Explain the working of four stroke engine with a neat sketch.
(b) What promotes the development of two stroke engines?
(c) Explain briefly the air cooling method in IC engine.

3 (a) What are the various factors that influence the flame speed in SI engine?
(b) Explain the effect of turbulence, air-fuel ratio, temperature and pressure on the flame speed in SI engine
combustion.

4 Explain the following terms related to combustion in C.I engines:
(a) Delay period (ignition delay).
(b) Diesel knocks.
(c) Cetane number.

5 (a) How do you measure air consumption rate of I.C engine in the laboratory?
(b) A two stroke two cylinder engine runs with speed of 3000 rpm and fuel consumption of 5 litres/hr. The
fuel has specific gravity of 0.7 and air-fuel ratio is 19. The piston speed is 500 m/min and indicated
mean effective pressure is 6 bar. The ambient conditions are 1.013 bar, 15C. The volumetric efficiency
is 0.7 and mechanical efficiency is 0.8. Determine brake power output considering R for gas =0.287
kJ /kgK

6 (a) What is the optimum pressure ratio for perfect intercooling in between two stages of compression? The
inlet and outlet pressures may be taken as P
1
and P
3
.
(b) A single-stage, double acting compressor has a free air delivery of 14 m
3
/min, measured at 1.013 bar
and 15 . The pressure and temperature in the cylinder during induction are 0.95 bar 15 . The delivery
pressure is 7 bar and index of compression and expansion is 1.3. The clearance volume is 5% of the
swept volume. Calculate: (i) Indicated power required. (ii) Volumetric efficiency.

7 (a) A roots blower supplies air at the rate of 1.5 kg/s. The pressure ratio of the blower is 2.5:1 with an intake
pressure and temperature of 1.013 bar and 27 respectively. Find the power required to drive the
blower.
(b) Explain the working of vane type blower and show the compression process in p-v diagram.

8 (a) Compare the axial flow compressor with centrifugal compressors.
(b) An axial flow compressor stage has a mean diameter of 600 mm and runs at 12000 rpm. Mass flow rate
through the compressor is 60 kg/s. Determine the power required to drive the compressor and degree of
reaction if the air angle is 15
o
. The vane angle at inlet and exit are equal to 45
o
and 25
o
respectively.
R09

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