TH CENTURY EUROPEAN PHILISOPHY MODERN PHILOSOPHY IN THE 19 TH CENTURY EUROPE Came to close around the end of the 18 th
century Marked by beginning of Contemporary Period by blossoming of a rebellious outlook which began with the modern period JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704) o Opposed the Divine Right Theory o Social Contract Theory - the contribution of the political authority was not by divine right, but by the consent of the governed JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU (1712-1778) o Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains. o Free in the state of nature, but the progress of civilization has substituted subservience to others for that freedom through dependence, economic and social inequalities, and the extent to which we judge ourselves through companions with others o Freedom chained in economic status in life, capacity and social and political power FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE (1694- 1778) o Father of the Enlightenment o Human Rights INCONSEQUENCIAS (Inconsistencies) o La Solidaridad, 30 November 1889, p. 227 o Rousseau, Lamartine, Mirabeau, Zorilla, Voltaire o These philosophers are associated with three philosophical ideas: libert (liberty), fraternite (fraternity or brotherhood) and eqalit (equality) LITERARY THEORY o Costumbrismo (local colorism) o Customs o Literature as social criticism BENITO PEREZ GALDOZ (1843-1920) o Doa Perfecta (1876) o Rizals source for the plot of his Noli Me Tangere (1887) PHILOSOPHERS OF EUROPE IN THE 19 TH CENTURY AND BEFORE PROVIDED THE BASIC INSPIRATION AND SOURCE Liberalism His enlightenment mentality and anti- obscurantism His anti-clericalism and Deism His social reformism in politics and literature His positivism and dedication of much time to science His romanticism LONG TRIP WAS DEEPLY EDUCATIONAL, AND SEEING THESE FOREIGN PLACES He envied these places which showed most signs of progress The signs of liberty and tolerance among peoples Open courtesy and respect for people regardless of color and regard THINGS WERE CONFIRMED Asiatic and Caucasian are equal. One had no right to lord over the other. His native land was Filipinas, not Espaa. (Amor Patrio/Amis Patria) (HINDI KO NA MAGETS NOTES KO DITO SORRY) In November, he enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid, continuing the courses he had started at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila (Medicine and Philosophy and Letters). Doctor 1969 Licensed Physician, Ophthalmology 9 volume works of Voltaire, History of the French Revolution, Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin, Eugene Sues The Wandering Jew, Benito Perez Galdoz Doa Perfecta o Aroused sympathy for oppressed and unfortunate people o Prohibited in the university KARL CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICK KRAUSE (1781- 1832) o Krausismo people of differences can live in harmony, respect, learn to use our reason o Harmonic Rationalism JULIAN SANZ DE RIO o April 10, 1865 upheavals in the University o Professors, Rector resigned PROF. DR. MIGUEL MORAYTA o Grand Master of Spanish Masonry multitaskerme 02/02/2014
MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO (1864-1936) o The most original and famous Spanish thinker of his age INSTITUTIONALIZING HIS MORAL POSITION Summer vacation of 1883, June 17 August (Paris) The change took just about a year Joined Masonic Lodge Acacia in Madrid
A friendly reminder before we move to the next topic. SYMBOLISM OF THE NOLI ME TANGERE COVER
LOWER 1. Man in a cassock (sutana) with a hairy leg o Lifestyle of the Franciscans o Not supposed to wear shoes/sandals o Sandals Missionary shoes o Vows of simplicity, poverty and chastity o Shoes turned back to vow of poverty luxurious life o Hair indecency sexual desires 2. Helmet o Authority and arrogance of the Guardia Civil 3. Chord, Flog, Whip o Cruelty, suffering, violence 4. Chains o Imprisonment, slavery, lack of freedom 5. Bamboo o Resiliency of the Filipinos, capacity to adapt
UPPER 6. Torch (burning) o Design (zigzag) o Awakening, start of revolution/change 7. Sunflower (3 sunflowers) o can represent happiness o Mirasol to look sun o First sunflower facing away the torch, second sunflower slowly facing the torch, third sunflower fully facing the torch o Few Filipinos turning to revolution, third sunflower growing big o Filipino people that could start change upon reading Noli, enlightenment 8. Silhouette o Amor Patria Motherland o Inang Bayan (Amis patria) o The words Amor Patria near the silhouette 9. Pomelo blossoms and Laurel leaves o Laurel leaves honor and dignity o Pomelo blossoms antibacterial and scent; cleansing the religion; found near the cross 10. Cross o True religion
Other distinct features of the cover 1. Dedication to family and motherland 2. Place and date of publication
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SYMBOLISM OF THE EL FILIBUSTERISMO COVER
Original cover of El Filibusterismo
Revised cover of the novel as ordered by Mariano Ponce Forward written by Ferdinand Blumentritt Original manuscript of El Fili of Rizals own writing under the ownership of the Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of Public Libraries, Manila Ownership bought to Valentin Ventura for P10,000 279 pages of long sheets of paper manuscript Valentin Ventura sponsored the printing of the El Fili 1892 Dedication to GomBurZa Mariano Ponce decided to change the cover, even the title of Mi Ultimo Adios, to make it more relevant since the novel is dedicated to GomBurZa. CHARACTERS OF NOLI ME TANGERE 1. Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin Allusion to Jose Rizal Education power of change Both studied in Europe Became rebellious because of Don Rafael Ibarra and Maria Claras deaths 2. Maria Clara de los Santos Allusion to Leonor Rivera Engaged to another man (Manuel Luz to Leonor and Alfonso Linares to Maria Clara) Rivera rebellious attitude, not playing the piano, not smiling, black clothes Maria Clara followed, entered the convent 3. Pia Alba Mother of Maria Clara Raped by Padre Damaso 4. Don Santiago de los Santos Kapitan Tiago Allusion to Kapitan Hilario Sunico; rich gobernadorcillo of Binondo; blacksmith Always following the friars and Spanish authorities even with the knowledge of their indecency Suffered for not being able to make a stand 5. Padre Damaso Verdolagas Franciscan friar who was the Kura Paroko of San Diego for 20 years Real father of Maria Clara Allusion to a certain Franciscan friar who allegedly raped a woman during confession at Loreto 6. Elias Also an allusion to Rizal Egoistic Rizal likes to portray his self in different characters 7. Padre Bernardo Salvi Allusion to Padre Antonio Pernavieja of Cavite multitaskerme 02/02/2014
8. Padre Hernando de la Sibyla Allusion to Dominican friars 9. Pilosopo Tasyo Don Anastacio 10. Alfonso Linares Engaged to Maria Clara 11. Tarsilo and Bruno 12. Kapitan Heneral 13. Kapitan Pablo 14. Sisa 15. Crispin and Basilio Allusion to Crisostomo brothers of Hagonoy 16. Pedro 17. Don Filipo Lino 18. Don Tiburcio de Espadaa 19. Doa Victorina de los Reyes de De Espadaa Allusion to Doa Agustina Medel, rich owner of the Zorilla theaters and other lands 20. Alferez 21. Doa Consolacion CHARACTERS OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO 1. Simoun Allusion to Jose Rizal Is actually Juan Crisostomo Ibarra who went back to the Philippines after 13 years Jeweller/Mag-aalahas Pretends to be on the side of the friars and officials but actually manipulates them 2. Basilio Taking up medicine Inalagaan ni Kapitan Tiago Colegio de San Juan de Letran Ateneo Kasintahan ni Huli Allusion to one of the Crisostomo brothers of Hagonoy 3. Isagani Also an allusion to Rizal Kasintahan ni Paulita Gomez 4. Kabesang Tales Father of Huli Naghahangad ng karapatan sa pagmamay-ari ng lupang sinasaka na inangkin ng mga prayle 5. Don Custodio Buena tinta good writer Pepay mistress 6. Paulita Gomez Ipinakasal kay Juanito Pelaez 7. Makaraig Mayamang kaklase nina Basilio 8. Huli Nagtrabaho kay Hermana Penchang Nakakuha ng locket ni Maria Clara 9. Tandang Selo Tatay ni Kabesang Tales 10. Ginoong Pasta 11. Ben Zayb 12. Placido Penitente 13. Padre Camorra Allusion to the Dominicans prior to the removal of lands of the Rizal family in Hacienda de Calamba 14. Padre Fernandez Allusion to Fr. Evaristo Arias, vice rector of UST 15. Quiroga 16. Hermana Bali 17. Hermana Penchang 18. Doa Victorina Allusion to Doa Agustina Medel Also appeared in Noli Tiyahin ni Paulita 19. Sandoval 20. Juanito Pelaez 21. Padre Irene COMPARISON AND CONTRAST OF NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO Noli Me Tangere o Said to be Novela de Talaga (Tagalog novel) o Published Belin, Germany, 1887 o Social Cancer English translation o Plot inspired by Doa Perfecta o Funded by Maximo Viola P300 o It was said that Rizal deeply regrets stripping off the longest chapter, Elias at Salome, which is the heart of the novel and shows the real social cancer El Filibusterismo o Novela el Filipina o The Reign of the Greed o Published in Ghent, Belgium, July 5, 1891 o French filibuster thief o Greed kasakiman o Freebooter multitaskerme 02/02/2014
o Funded by Valentin Ventura o Dedicated to GomBurZa SIMILARITIES OF THE TWO NOVELS Satirical Abuse of Church power Written in Spanish Discrimination Abuse of the Filipinos Same characteristics but with great changes in personality Realistic colors of the actual setting (Costumbrismo) Instrument towards awakening and nationalism Ignite the Philippine Revolution Anti-clerical, Anti-Catholic DIFFRENCES OF THE TWO NOVELS NOLI ME TANGERE EL FILIBUSTERISMO Romantic novel Political novel Work of the Heart Work of the Head Book of the Feeling Book of the Thought Motherland Memory of GomBurZa 64 chapters 38 chapters Idealistic Realistic RIZAL ON BOTH NOVELS Noli o Education of the youth to solve problems El Fili o Solve through armed revolution o Lost in a way the idea of education as a means of change o What is the use of independence if the slaves of today will be the tyrants of tomorrow?
Another PSA from yours truly. SOME NOTES ON STREETS IN ESPAA
Please refer to Misha and Al Jans report/powerpoint presentation
WHY WERE THE STREETS IN ESPAA NAMED AFTER PEOPLE AND PLACES RELATED TO RIZAL?
Rizal-loving acts o Implemented by the Americans in order to gain the favor of the Filipinos o 1910-1930s Rizalism
STREETS INSIDE UST
Luis Ablaza o Former president of the Central Board of Students, 1959 o Initiated the naming of the university roads o Revealed on March 7, 1960, Feast of St. Thomas (before the Roman calendar was revised) and University Day
READ MORE: o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UST_streets _and_driveways o http://www.varsitarian.net/features/w ho_cares_about_ust%E2%80%99s_stre ets
SOME NOTES ON RIZAL AND MASONRY
Please refer to Justin and Agathas report/powerpoint presentation and Mga Lihim ni Dimasalang video (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKRXio1EZF4&feature=youtu.be)
Freemasonry o Beliefs contrary to the doctrines of the Church o Considered as sinners History o 18 th and 19 th century British 1762- 1764 multitaskerme 02/02/2014
o The First Lodge of Malcampo o Senior Jacobo Zobel y de Zangroniz first Filipino Mason o 33 Highest degree of membership o 3 levels o Pi y Margall, Miguel de Morayta and Segismundo Moret achieved the title Grand Master Mason
MASONIC SYMBOLS AND THEIR MEANINGS
1. Acacia Everlasting life 2. Anchor and Ark Hope and moral life 3. Ark of the Covenant Commitment to keep the secret of the Masonic Society 4. Master Mason Apron Identity of a mason and purity 5. Rough and Perfect Ashlar Rough new member Perfect moral, perfect living of a mason 6. Masonic Altar Unity and obedience to God 7. Masonic Blazing Star Guide, gives light 8. Cable Tow Years of membership determined by the uncoiled rope 9. Masonic Wages: Corn, Wine and Oil Means of livelihood for survival 10. 47 th Problem of Euclid Importance of science, arts and rational thinking 11. Square and Compass, Freemasonrys Universal Logo Square morality Compass boundaries 12. Masonic Letter G God and geometry 13. All-seeing Eye Guidance 14. Sun, Moon and Stars Sun father Moon not sure bro pero goodness or goddess??? im sorry aaahhhh Stars guidance??? idk too omg 15. Masonic Gavel Power of the Head Mason 16. Masonic Mosaic Pavement 60 members Tassel bond between the members 17. Masonic Tracing Boards Secrets Mason pen name 18. Masonic Sheaf of Corn/Wheat Kawang-gawa Fruit of labor 19. Masonic Shoe Contract under Masonry
Philippine Masonic Society o Very different from Rizals Masonic Society (European Masonry) Do you believe in God? o First question to be asked when joining a Masonic society 12 th century o Start of Masonic society o Composed of builders, carpenters, architects, engineers o Believe in God creator of everything o God is an architect (designs and builds) o God created man and gave him reason and intelligence o People should put into practice whatever the architect has designed Scottish rite and English rite o Separation o Scottish retain old tradition, conservative, traditional o English created their own rite, liberal, control over own destiny, no need for God, controversial Atheists
u can do it guys
OTHER RANDOM NOTES AND STUFF
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One of the reasons for Rizals Homecoming is to address the agrarian problems in Hacienda de Calamba Felipe Buencamino National Artist Attack on Noli Me Tangere o Caingat Cayo Fr. Jose Rodriguez o Called Rizal an ignorant man; 8 pamphlets o Also wrote Questions of our Interest or Cuestiones de Sumo Interes o Fr. Salvador Font prohibition of distribution of Noli Defense on Noli Me Tangere o Por Telefono By the Telephone; prose; response to Fonts attack o La Vision del Fray Rodriguez o Caiingat Cayo by Marcelo H. Del Pilar The Court Cases o Patronato Real any encomienda of the king, part given to friars as support for missionary work; between Church and monarchy of Spain and Portugal o Hacienda de Calamba part of Patronato Real o Rizal and the people of Calamba only won 1 out of the 4 court cases against the Dominican friars o William Howard Taft aimed to distribute the friar lands; went to Rome Pope cannot do anything about it; must convince each congregation to distribute the lands Highlights of Rizals Annotation to Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas by Antonio de Morga 1. Filipinos are civilized even before the coming of the Spaniards The Golden Era of the Philippine Archipelago 2. Friars use religion for personal interests reflects wrong religion 3. Colonizers exploit natural resources make themselves rich did not contribute anything except this Corrections of Blumentritt 1. Not right to say that Catholicism is bad friars generalization 2. Wrong comparison of the past and present using the present as a standard to measure the past Kilusang Propaganda (1872-1892) o Pagsilang ng Makabansang Pag-iisip GomBurZa martyrdom Gov. Gen. Carlos Ma. Dela Torre Open to world trade Suez Canal Circulo Hispano Filipino o Revista del Circulo Hispano Filipino La Liga Filipina o Only existed for 3 days o Pinag-ugatan ng Katipunan La Solidaridad o Originally owned by Graciano Lopez- Jaena. But since he ran for a position as mayor, he sold it to Marcelo H. del Pilar Reasons for the breakdown of Propanganda Movement o Loss of leadership o Personal problems o Financial/Lack of funds o Didnt achieve reforms
Best of luck, 2G!
CREDITS TO: http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2302/2201451236_e5f11 4e0b0.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_page_of_El_fili busterismo_manuscript.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- mR41L8Ckm_Y/T2_BCQCEm5I/AAAAAAAAANI/tJ- n3VOB_S4/s1600/el%2Bfili.jpg http://s4.hubimg.com/u/1671431_f520.jpg