Biochemistries Electrophoresis

Na+ 135~153mEq/l TPE Serum 6.0~8.0

↓1.4mmol/l，每 100mg/dl↑plasma glucose CSF 15~40
K+ 3.5~5.3mEq/l A/G 1.0~1.8
Cl- 95~105mEq/l Alpha 1 0.1~0.4
Bicarbonate 24~31mEq/l Alpha 2 0.6~1.0
AG=Na+-(Cl-+HCO3-);12±4mEq/L(8~12) Beta 0.6~1.3
BUN 5~25mg/dl Gamma 0.7~1.5
Creatinine 0.5~1.4mg/dl HbA1C 4.0~5.2%
Glucose 65~109mg/dl, 3.61~6.06mmol/l
Calcium 9~11mg/dl, 2.25~2.75mmol/l Urine
Ca2+,corrected (4-Alb,patient)0.8+Ca,pat Albumin 20~100mg/day
Ca2+,ionized Amylase <20U/hr(560~2240IU/day)
=4.0~5.5mg/dl, 1.0~1.375mmol/l Creatinine 1~2g/day
* 45~50% of total Calcium Creatinine 80~140ml/min/
Phosphate (PO4 )=2.5~4.6mg/dl Clearance 1.73m2BSA
Mg2+ 1.9~3.1mg/dl, 0.83~1.29mmol/l Glucose <300mg/day
Total Protein 6.0~8.3g/dl Osmolality 250~1000mOsm/l
Albumin 3.5~5.0g/dl Total Volume 720~1600ml/day
A/G 1.5~2.01 Urea Nitrogen 6~17g/day
Total Bili 0.2~1.0mg/dl Uric Acid 250~750mg/day
Direct Bili 0.0~0.2mg/dl Specific Gravity 1.002~1.030
Alk Phos 32~92U/I 17 Ketos M: 10~20, F: 5~15 mg/day
SGOT, AST 10~35U/I 17OH 2~10mg/day
SGPT, ALT 10~40U/I VMA 0.5~12.0mg/day
GGTP 7~64 U/I 5-HIAA 2~8mg/24h
LDH 91~180U/I pH 4.6~8.0
CPK 22~269U/I β-HCG 0~10mIU/ml
CPK MB 2.3~9.5 Phosphorus 0.9~1.3g/day
Troponin <0.1 Potassium 25~115mEq/day
Homocystein 5~15μM Protein 10~200mg/day
Amylase 60~180 U/I Sodium 50~250mEq/day
Lipase 4~25U/I Calcium <150mg/day
Acid Phos，Tot 0~10 U/I Cu 0~30μg/24h
Acid Phos，Pr <4 U/I Pb <100μg/24h
Osmolality 285~295mOsm/kg Mg 0.24~0.48mg/dl
Osmolality 2Na++BUN/2.8+Glu/18 CCr(ml/min) x0.85(women)
Ammonia <70μg/dl = [(140-age) x weight(kg)]
Uric Acid 2.6~7.2mg/dl [72xserum Cr(mg/dl)]
Lactate 0.5~2.2mmol/l CCr(ml/min)
CRP <5 = [urine Cr(mg/dl) x volume(ml)]
IgG(serum) 917.2~1891.2 [serum Cr(mg/dl) x time(minutes)]
IgG index <0.7(0.65) FENa = [(UNaxPCr)/(PNaxUCr)]x100
IgG index IgG(CSF)/IgG(serum) TTKG = [(K+U)/(K+P)]/[OsmU /OsmP]
Albumin(CSF)/Albumin(serum)
Triglycerides 35~160mg/dl
Cholesterol 140~200mg/dl
LDL Chol 0~130mg/dl
HDL Chol 29~85mg/dl
Chol/HDL <4.5~6.0
Hematology
Lymphocyte(diff) FDP(3’P) <5.0μg/ml
Total T, CD3 60~87% Factor 8 60~120%
Total T/mm3 630~3170 Factor 9 70~120%
B Cell 1~25% Factor 11 70~120%
Suppr, CD8 10~40% α-2A 80~120%
Suppr/mm3 240~1200 Antithrombin III 80~120%
Helper, CD4 30~50% Protein C 70~140%
H：S, CD4/CD8 0.8~3.0 Eosinophil count 150~300cu.mm.
WBC 4000~11,000/ul
Segs 37~75% Endocrinology
Bands 0~5% T4 RIA 4.5~11.5ug/dl
Lymph 12~50% T3 Uptake 25~37%
Mono 0~10% Free T4 0.7~1.8ng/dl
Eos 0~4% T3 80~200ng/dl
Baso 0~1% TSH 0.4~5.0uIU/ml
RBC M:4.5~6.0, F:4.0~5.5 x106/mm3 Aldosterone，supine 3~12ng/dl
Hb M: 13~17 l, F: 12~16 g/dl Aldosterone，upright 5~25ng/dl
Hct M: 40~53 , F: 37~47 % Calcitonin <75pg/ml
MCV M: 79~101, F: 80~100 fl Cortisol 5~25ug/dl，AM
MCH 26~35pg ≦1/2AM 值，PM
MCHC(=MCH/MCV) 31~37% Gastrin 0~200pg/ml
Platelets 130~500 x103/ul Growth Hormone 1~10ng/ml
Reticulocyte Count 0.5~2.0% Pepsinogen 25~100mg/ml
Prolactin M:1.5~9.7, F:1.4~14.6 ng/ml
(Corrected PTH 10~60pg/ml
= reticulocyte *HCT/45 or *Hb/15) Thyroglobulin <25ng/ml
Reticulocyte production index(2.5) TSH-Ab receptor ≦15U/l
= Corrected reticulocyte count Testosterone M：270~1070ng/dl
maturation time correction F：6.0~86.0ng/dl
(Hct=25%時為 2) ACTH 7.4~55.7pg/ml
Hgb A1C 4.0~5.2% C-peptide Fasting： 0.3~2.5ng/ml
Haptoglobin 100~250mg/dl Peak： 4~10ng/ml
ESR 0~10mm/hr Insulin 3~35IU/ml
PT 10.2~11.7sec
APTT 24.0~36.8sec Immunoglobulin
Bleeding Time IgG 1355.5~1452.9mg/dl
Duke: 1~3min, Ivy : 2.5~9.5min IgA 235.8~270.4mg/dl
Thrombin Time 10~14sec IgM 139.2~163.6mg/dl
RDW-CV 11.5~14.5 IgE 66.4~109mg/dl
RDW-SD 36~46 IgD 1.32~3.12mg/dl
Iron M: 60~200 , F: 55~180 ug/dl
UIBC 130~300ug/dl Complement
Iron % Saturation 20~55% C3 83.1~125.5mg/dl
[=Iron/(Iron+UIBC)] C4 17.2~32.8mg/dl
Ferritin 30~300ng/ml C3 activator 28.9~32.1mg/dl
Fibrinogen 170~410mg/dl C5 11.5~12.3mg/dl
Fibrin Split Prod Variable per dilution C1q 13.3~13.9mg/dl
D-dimer Blood or sodium: <324μg/dl CH50 34.2~35.8IU

ABGs CSF
PH 7.35~7.45 Protein 10~40mg/dl
PaCO2 35~45mmHg Glucose 40~80mg/dl
PaO2 75~100mmHg (0.6 x Serum glucose)
HCO3 22~26mEq/l Pressure 80~180mmH2O
SaO2 95~98% Leukocyte，total <5/HPF
SvO2 60~85% Leucocyte，Diff
BE 0±2mmol/l Lymph 60~75%(70%)
tCO2 23~27mmol/l Mono 25~50%(30%)
pH= 6.1+log([HCO3-]/0.03PaCO2) Neutro 1~3%
[H+](nM/L)= 24x(PaCO2/[HCO3-]) Cell Count 0~5lymphs/HPF
PAO2= (Patm-PH2O)×FIO2-PaCO2/R Osmolarity 292~297mOsm/L
A-aDO2= PAO2-PaO2(room air<10~12) Albumin(serum) 3800~5300mg/dl
CaO2= 0.003×PaO2+1.36×Hb×SaO2 Lactate <2
AG=[Na+]-([HCO3-]+[Cl-]);12±4mEq/L IgG(serum) 917.2~1891.2
IgG index <0.7(0.65)
Metabolic acidosis IgG index
HCO3- deficit(mEq/L)= = IgG(CSF)/IgG(serum)
[0.5xbody weight(kg)]x(24-[HCO3-]) Albumin(CSF)/Albumin(serum)
Expected PaCO2= 1.5x[HCO3-]+8±2
Others
Metabolic alkalosis Apo B M: 96~176 , F: 42~112 mg/dl
HCO3- excess(mEq/L)= Apo A M: 96~176, F: 109~203 mg/dl
[0.4xbody weight(kg)]x([HCO3-]-24) ASLO Adult:<200, Child:<100 T.U/ml
Expected PaCO2 ([HCO3-]≦40mEq/l) α1-Antitrypsin 144.6~151.4mg/dl
= 0.7x[HCO3-]+21±1.5 α1-acid glycoprotein 33~88mg/dl
Expected PaCO2 ([HCO3-]＞40mEq/l) α2-macroglobulin 120~269mg/dl
= 0.75x[HCO3-]+19±7.5 β2-microglobulin
Blood:70~340μg/dl
Respiratory acidosis Other:<12.6μg/dl
Acute △pH/△PaCO2 = 0.008 Ceruloplasmin 21~53mg/dl
Chronic △pH/△PaCO2 = 0.003 Microalbumin (urine) <1.9mg/dl
Prealbumin 17.0~42.0mg/dl
Respiratory alkalosis RA factor(RHF) <30IU/ml
Acute △pH/△PaCO2=0.008 Transferrin 299.5~316.3mg/dl
Chronic △pH/△PaCO2=0.002
Tumor marker
AFP <25ng/ml
Others CEA <2.5ng/ml
Vitamin B12 200~950pg/ml CEA，Smoker <5.0ng/ml
Folate 3.0~17.0μg/ml Ca-15-3 <30U/ML
Aluminum 4~10ug/l CA-19-9 <37 U/ml
Copper 90~200ug/dl CA-125 <30U/ml
Zinc 50~150ug/dl Free β-HCG 0~10mIU/ml
TPA <70 U/L
SCC ≦1.5 ng/ml
PSA 0~4ng/ml
Drug level
Digoxin 1~2μg/l Gentamicin
Trough：<2μg/ml
Lithium 0.5~1mmol/l Peak：
Phenobarbital 10~40mg/l Traditional dosing
Tegretol(CBZ) 5~10mg/l 5~12μg/ml
Phenytoin(DPH) 10~20mg/l Extended-interval dosing
Valproic acid 50~100mg/l 10~20μg/ml(<65y/o)
Theophylline 10~20mg/l 10~18μg/ml(>65y/o)
Amikacin Vancomycin
Trough: 1~8μg/ml Trough:5~15μg/ml
Peak: 20~30μg/ml Peak:20~40μg/ml
Ethanol <3mmol/l
Lab Value Transudate Exudate
Specific gravity <1.016 >1.016
Absolute protein <3g/dL >3g/dL
Protein(ascitic or pleural to serum <0.5 >0.5
ratio)
LDH(ascitic or pleural to serum <0.6 >0.6
ratio)
Absolute LDH <200IU >200IU
Glucose <1 >1
+(serum to ascitic or pleural ratio)
Fibrinogen(clot) No Yes
3
WBC(ascitic) <500/mm >1000/mm3
WBC(pleural) Very low >2500/mm3
Differential(pleural) PMN early, monocytes later
RBC(ascitic) >100 RBC/mm3
pH(pleural)：一般>7.3，
在 7.2 和 7.3 之間：考慮 TB 或 malignancy 或兩者。 若<7.2：考慮 empyema
Glucose(pleural)：normal pleural fluid glucose=2/3serum glucose，
RA 可能會低到 0~16mg/dl
TG(>110mg/dl) 和 Sudan stain(+)(pleural fluid)：chylothorax
Food fibers(ascitic)：perforated viscus
CSF study 壓力 細胞數 主要的細 糖份 蛋白質
(mmH2O) / mm3 胞種類 (sugar) (protein)
正常 60~200 0~5 L 50~100mg/dl 20~45
(80~180) mg/dl
急性細菌性腦膜炎 上升 1000~5000 PMN 下降 上升
結核菌性腦膜炎 上升 50~500 L 下降 上升
黴菌性腦膜炎 正常 or 100~700 PMN,L,M 下降 正常 or
(如隱球菌) 上升 上升
腫瘤引起之腦膜炎 * 0~500 PMN,L,M 正常 or 下降 *
疱疹性腦炎 * 50~100 L,M 正常 正常
無菌性腦炎 aseptic * 10~1000 L 正常 *
急性梅毒性腦膜炎 * 25~2000 L 正常 上升
急性發炎性脫髓鞘 正常 0~5 L N 上升
病變