Transformers and

Impedance
The Inductor (Review)
Coil of wire.
Stores energy in a
magnetic field
Value of inductance
depends on:
Number of turns.
Spacing of turns.
Size of the wire.
Material of the core.
The Transformer
Two inductors
Parallel and close
together.
Iron core facilitates
transfer.
Two basic functions
1. Voltage transformation.
2. Impedance
transformation.
How a Transformer Works
Transforming Voltage
The ratio of the number
of turns in the primary
and secondary
determine the voltage
change.
Step up (increase)
Step down (decrease)
Impedance Defined
Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current.
Capacitors and inductors react differently in opposing the
flow of ac current than they do in opposing the flow of dc
current.
Resistance to the flow of ac is called reactance.
Resistors react the same for ac or dc.
Impedance is the opposition to the flow of ac current.
Includes the both components of opposition: resistance and
reactance
Measured in Ohms
Symbolized by the letter Z
Importance of Impedance
If there is an impedance mismatch between the
source and the load, there will not be
maximum transfer of power or energy.
i.e., speakers (generally 8-ohms impedance)
operate most efficiently if connected to an 8-ohm
impedance amplifier.
Transformers serve to transform or match the
impedance between the source and the load.
Transforming Impedance
The ratio of the number
of turns in the primary
and secondary
determine the
impedance change
Step up (increase)
Step down (decrease)
Your Turn
2250 turns in the primary, 500 turns in the
secondary, 120 volts ac applied to primary.
What is the output voltage?
600 ohms output impedance of an amplifier, 4
ohm speakers.
What is the turns ratio of the impedance
matching transformer required?