Term
Frequency
Distribution
class interval
frequency
distribution
qualitative
variable
Bar Graph
Quantitative
Variable
histogram
Frequency
Polygon
Descriptive
Statistics
Measure of
Central
Tendency
Mean
Median
Mode
Measure of
Variation
Definition
A table in which all of the scores are listed along with the frequency with which each
occurs.
A table in which the scores are grouped into intervals and listed along with the
frequency of scores in each interval.
a categorical variable for which each value represents a discrete variable.
A graphical representation of a frequency distribution in which vertical bars are
centered above each category along the x-axis and are separated from each other by
a space, indicating that the levels of the variable represent distinct, unrelated
categories.
AA variable for which the scores represent a change in quantity
a graphical representation of a frequency distribution in which vertical bars centered
above scores on the x-axis touch each other to indicate that the scores on the variable
represent related, increasing values.
Alline graph of the frequencies of individual scores.
Numerical measures that describe a distribution by providing information on the central
tendency of the distribution, and the shape of the distribution.
‘A number that characterizes the "middleness" of a an entire distribution.
‘A measure of central tendency; the arithmetic average of a distribution. Only used with
interval and ratio data.
A measure of central tendency; the middle score in a distribution after the scores have
been arranged from highest to lowest or lowest to highest. Only used with Ordinal,
interval, and ratio data,
‘A measure of central tendency; the score in a distribution that occurs with the greatest
frequency. Used with Nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio data.
AnumberTerm
Range
Standard
Deviation
Average
Deviation
Variance
Normal Curve
Normal
Distribution
Kurtosis
Mesokurtic
Leptokurtic
Platykurtic
Positively
‘Skewed
Distribution
Negatively
‘Skewed
Distribution
Z-score
Definition
A measure of variation; the difference between the lowest and highest scores in a
distribution.
A measure of variation; the average difference between the scores in the distribution
and the mean or central point of the distribution, or more precisely, the square root of
the average squared deviation from the mean.
An alternative measure of variation that, like the standard deviation, indicates the
average difference between the scores in a distribution and the mean of the
distribution.
‘The standard deviation squared
A symmetrical, bell-shaped frequency polygon representing a normal distribution
A theoretical frequency distribution that has certain special characteristics. (1) it's bell
shaped and symmetrical - the right half is a mirror image of the left half. (2) the mean,
median, and mode are located at the center of the distribution. (3) unimodal (4) most
observations are clustered around the center of distribution with fewer observations at
the ends or “tails" of the distribution.
how flat or peaked a normal distribution is
curves that have peaks of medium height, and the distributions are moderate in
breadth.
Cure that are tall and thin, with only a few scores in the middle of the distribution
having a high frequency.
Curves that are short and more dispersed
A distribution in which the peak is to the left of the center point, and the tail extends
toward the right, or in the positive direction.
A distribution in which the peak is to the right of the center point, and the tail extends
toward the left, or in the negative direction.
Annumber that indicates how many deviation units a raw score is from the mean of a
distribution.Term
Standard Normal
Distribution
Probability
Percentile Rank
Definition
Anormal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
‘The expected relative frequency of a particular outcome.
Asscore that indicates the percentage of people who scored at or below a given raw
score.