RULES IN SONGS:

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In Karnatic music, a very famous algorithm exists to select the keys in an octav
e, which forms the basis of important scales, which are called the 'Melakarta Sc
heme'. The Melakarta scheme selection algorithm is as follows: Please refer to F
ig. 3 or Table II)
Rule 1: Always select the first white key ! The 'Sa'.
Rule 2: Always select the Pa key. This is a convenient midpoint of the octave, s
ort of.
Rule 3: Select one of the two Ma keys (Ma1 or Ma2 - note that one of them is bla
ck and the other one is white) Once selected, this key is your 'Ma'.
Rule 4: Select ANY two keys out of the four keys in the lower tetrachord. (From
Keys 2, 3, 4 and 5) Once selected, the first of these two keys will be your 'Ri'
and the second your 'ga'.
Rule 5: Select ANY two keys out of the four keys in the upper tetrachord. (From
keys 9, 10, 11 and 12) Once selected, the first of the two keys will be your 'dh
a' and the second will be your 'ni'. This rule is exactly like Rule 4.
the same as the Western C Major scale. In Karnatic music, we call the resulting
Melakarta ragam as Shankarabharanam.
Key # Western name Karnatic Karnatic

(Notation 1) (Notation 2) Hindustani r,R,g,
G,m,M,P,d,D,n and N


1 C Sa S S
2 C # (D b) Ri 1 R1 r
3 D Ri 2 (Ga 1) R2 (G1) R
4 D # (E b) Ri 3 (Ga 2) R3 (G2) g
5 E Ga 3 G3 G
6 F Ma 1 M1 m
7 F # (G b) Ma 2 M2 M
8 G Pa P1 P
9 G # (A b) Dha 1 D1 d
10 A Dha 2 (Ni 1) D2 (N1) D
11 A # (B b) Dha 3 (Ni 2) D3 (N2) n
12 B Ni 3 N3 N
RAGAM
The five note scale, such as Mohanam, is called a Pentatonic Ragam. The Indian e
quivalent term is 'Oudava Ragam'. Similary, the six note Ragam is called Shadva
Ragam in India or Sextatonic in Western terminology. And the seven note Ragam is
called Septatonic or Sampoorna. While the Ragam Mohanam is pentatonic with an i
mplicit assumption that Arohanam and Avarohanam are reverses of each other, othe
r asymmetric possibilities are allowed.
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1 Kanakanki C C# D F G G# A
2 Ratnangi C C# D F G G# A#
3 Ganamurti C C# D F G G# B
4 Vanaspati C C# D F G A A#
5 Manavati C C# D F G A B
6 Tanarupi C C# D F G A# B
7 Senavati C C# D# F G G# A
8 Hanumatodi C C# D# F G G# A#
9 Dhenuka C C# D# F G G# B
10 Natakapriya C C# D# F G A A#
11 Kokilapriya C C# D# F G A B

12 Rupavati C C# D# F G A# B
13 Gayakapriya C C# E F G G# A
14 Vakulabharanam C C# E F G G# A#
15 Mayamalavagoulai C C# E F G G# B

16 Chakravaham C C# E F G A A#
17 Suryakantam C C# E F G A B

18 Hatakambhari C C# E F G A# B
19 Jhankaradhwani C D D# F G G# A
20 Natabhairavi C D D# F G G# A#
21 Keeravani C D D# F G G# B
22 Kharaharapriya C D D# F G A A#

23 Gourimanohari C D D# F G A B
24 Varunapriya C D D# F G A# B
25 Mararanjani C D E F G G# A
26 Charukesi C D E F G G# A#
27 Sarasangi C D E F G G# B
28 Harikambhoji C D E F G A A#
29 Dheerasankarabharanam C D E F G A B

30 Naganandini C D E F G A# B
31 Yagapriya C D# E F G G# A
32 Ragavardhini C D# E F G G# A#
33 Gangeyabhusani C D# E F G G# B
34 Vagadheeswari C D# E F G A A#
35 Sulini C D# E F G A B
36 Chalanattai C D# E F G A# B

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37 Salagam C C# D F# G G# A
38 Jalarnavam C C# D F# G G# A#
39 Jhalavarali C C# D F# G G# B
40 Navaneetam C C# D F# G A A#
41 Pavani C C# D F# G A B
42 Raghupriya C C# D F# G A# B
43 Gavambodhi C C# D# F# G G# A
44 Bhavapriya C C# D# F# G G# A#
45 Subhapantuvarali C C# D# F# G G# B
46 Shadvigamargini C C# D# F# G A A#
47 Suvarnangi C C# D# F# G A B

48 Divyamani C C# D# F# G A# B
49 Dhavalambari C C# E F# G G# A
50 Namanarayani C C# E F# G G# A#
51 Kamavardhini C C# E F# G G# B

52 Ramapriya C C# E F# G A A#
53 Gamanasrama C C# E F# G A B
54 Viswambhari C C# E F# G A# B
55 Syamalangi C D D# F# G G# A
56 Shanmukhapriya C D D# F# G G# A#
57Simhendramadhyamam C D D# F# G G# B
58 Hemavati C D D# F# G A A#

59 Dharamavai C D D# F# G A B
60 Nitimati C D D# F# G A# B
61 Kantamani C D E F# G G# A
62 Rishabhapriya C D E F# G G# A#
63 Latangi C D E F# G G# B
64 Vachaspati C D E F# G A A#
65 Mechakalyani C D E F# G A B

66 Chitrambhari C D E F# G A# B
67 Sucharitra C D# E F# G G# A
68 Jyotiswarupini C D# E F# G G# A#
69 Dhatuvardhini C D# E F# G G# B
70 Nasikabhusani C D# E F# G A A#
71 Kosalam C D# E F# G A B
72 Rasikapriya C D# E F# G A# B
PENTONIC SCALE RAGAM
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MOHANAM
Arohana: S R2 G2 P D2 S --> C D D# G A C
Avarohana: S D2 P G2 R1 S
Hansadhwani --> C D E G B